Grammar 1

One of the two sentences below is incorrect. Which one, and what is wrong with it?

1 You're always wiping your nose on your sleeve; couldn't you use a tissue?2 You're never blowing your nose.

• Always, forever or continually can be used with the present continuous tense in the positiveform to indicate that the speaker finds another person's habit or repeated action annoying.She's forever bon'owing my things without asking me.

• However, the simple present is chosen if the sentence is in the negative or interrogative form.She never asks bef01'e borrowing my things.Why don't you ask before you borrow my things?

Don't disturb your father at the moment - hework.

2 I used to enjoy chatting to Jane, but these days she (forcver complain) aboutsomething or other.

3 I L .. (suspect) that my daughter's new friendsschoohvork.

4 We (have) salmon for supper, but I (presume) you (not want)any, Tom, since you (abhor) fish in any form.

S And while we're on the subject of mistakes. I (recall) you telling me that it wouldtake me only ten minutes to get to town, and I arrived an hour late for an importantmeeting.

6 A: He always (wear) jeans and a T-shirt, even when hcclients.

B: Well, he's the boss, he can do what he (want).A: True, but what (annoy) me is that his T-shirt .. (always come out of)

his trousers so he ... (continually tuck) it back in.

7 A: 'What on earth . (you do)? _ " .B: I (smell) the meat. I think it might have gone off.A: Let me try'. No, I ..'l , (not think) so. It (smell) fine to me.

) Y' I

8 A: Don't interrupt, dear. You (always interr\ipt) me when I :.. (tall{) to myfriends. It's not polite.

B: It (not matter). She ~.. (seem) to me to be a very well-behaved child.

9 A: Look!\, (you see) that couple at the table over there?B: Yes, it's Steve and Gloria ..A: Surely they (not see) each other again? I heard they'd had a fight.B: Well, judging from the way they (look) at each other, they (appear)

to be back together again.

1 All Proficiency students are to reportto the principal at ten o'clock.

2 The plane is due to arrive at 16.45.1

3 I'm about to go down to the shops. _4 School fees are sure to go up.

a referring to an event in the immediatefuture.

b making a formal requestc making a predictiond referring to an event which is expected

to happen at a particular time.

,II the sentences below relate to future time. Match each sentence to its function,

Sentence Function

~ ~-.... form \vith the infinitive.'. are to (go/see) am/is/aTe about to (go/see)

_ -..; g predictions using the infinitive ..: a'"e sure/certain/bound/likely/unlikely to (go/see)

, 'lIg predictions using constructions with will.:r-ely possible/pmbable/unlikely that (prices) will (rise/go up)"!ire certain that (prices) will + (rise/go up)

" -=oubtIl'hetherlif (prices) will (rise/go up).. 'I?ect (that) (prices) will (rise/go up)

,"~ likely that fuel prices will rise, 's \·ear.

:- e prices are unlikely to rise[s \·ear.

3 :', sure that fuel prices will rise"his \·ear.

a I doubt if fuel prices will rise thisyear.

b Fuel prices are bound to rise thisyear.

c I expect fuel prices will rise thisyear.

C plete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using thegi\"en. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words,

'_dino the word given.

: - . "Carol's unlikely to pass her driving test at the first attempt.whether

........................................................ her driving test at the first attempt.

';n certain that AJ;lne will come to the party tonight.e

.tll1e .

I mn't chat now, as I'm on the poinr of departing for the airport.lea,e ' .[ mn't chat now, as I'm the airport.

["\. orderecl a taxi and I expect it will be here any 'minute now.due--::-'e taxi / arrive any minute now.

;e-ase note that all guests must leave their room key at reception \vhen they leave the hotel.are.'I

- ~. mm a partner. Discuss current and future trends in your country in two of the topic areas. Then together prepare a very short talk (less than a minute) on each of the two topics to

"0 me \,hole class. Try to use a range of appropriate structures. A model is given on theg page.

of me Internet at home.• .ajonships between parents and children.-=- < aoer . social life and free time.

in education.- 0 pino habits.

In our opinion, the Internet is not very well-established here yet, and only a fewpeople have an Internet connection at home. However, a lot of cybercafes areopening up, and they're very popUlar, especially with young people It's likelythat these young people will encourage their parents to buy them computers forhome use and, since the costs of hardware are coming down all the time,domestic use of the Internet is bound to increase.

LOOK

GLANCE

ALREADY BE

HAVE

Read the whole text below then complete the gaps by writing the appropriate form of the verb inthe margin.Choose from these tenses - Present simple / continuous, going to + verb, Future simple /continuous", Future perfect simple "

You might want to study the uses of the tenses marked with an asterisk again in this unit,tF Grammar overview, pages 20-21.

It happens every October. I'll be sitting on a train on a rainy Friday afternoonand I (1) up and see that almost everyone else in the carriage is oldenough to be my mother. Some of these women (2) at their watchesand sighing a lot, as if to brace themselves for an ordeal. Others (3) .on duty for the school half-term holiday. They (4) two or threeschool-aged children with them, the younger ones settled with colouring booksand crayons and matching bags of crisps. And, as always, I (5) likesaying to one of them 'Would you like to come and be our grandmother too?'You see, grandparents (6) into two categories these days - the dotingand the disappearing. Some of the doting ones (7) theirgrandchildren up from school every day. Others are on duty less frequently butare quite happy to drop everything and rush round to baby-sit when theirworking daughter or daughter-in-law (8) them at 7.00 am to say thata grandchild is sick.But that is only halfthe story. Not once in my 22 years of working motherhoodhave either my parents or my in-laws offered to baby-sit. When asked why, theysay 'We (9) too many of our friends being taken advantage of. Theyraised their own families and now they (10) up their grandchildren.By the time they're seventy, they (11) half their lives looking afterchildren.' My children (12) entirely. In fact, that's what they(13) most about their grandparents - they're so much fun. They(14) their grandchildren like burdens or mouths to feed, but likefascinating friends. When they can squeeze in a visit, they (15) .Monopoly with the children with real enthusiasm or get out a globe to showthem all the countries they (16) on their next holiday. As I write this,my own parents (17) in the Far East on a month's holiday and mychildren (18) to getting postcards from Thailand, Singapore andIndonesia. I am resigned to the fact that they (19) grandparents ofthe doting variety. But I (20) their verve and hope that I will be asadventurous as they are when I reach their age.

FALL

PICK

SEE

BRING

SPEND

AGREE

APPRECIATE

NOT TREAT

PLAY

VISIT

TRAVEL

LOOK FORWARD

NEVER BE

ADMIRE

ocabularyrasal verbs: relationships

'You know, she had such a friendly, open face that I (1) took to Katie the very firstrime I met her and we've been best friends since then. We've only (2) fallen outwith each other on one occasion, it happened when we both (3) fell for the sameboy at school ... he had the most gorgeous big brown eyes. But he comes from aposh suburb and Katie and I both live in a tower block, so he (4) lqoked down onboth of us, and so anyway he didn't (5) come between us for long. Katie and I(6) made up after that quarrel and have (7) got along with each other perfectlysince then. You know, my dad can be horrible sometimes - he has a tendency to(8) lash out at me when he's angry, I don't mean he hits me or anything, but hesays cruel things and he likes to (9) put me down especially in front of his friends,saying I'm useless because I don't know how to cook and dean, that sort of thing. Alot of the time, I can (10) put up with his behaviour, but sometimes, I'm feeling,like, sensitive, and it really (11) gets me down. So that's when I get on the phone,because I know I can (12) turn to Katie for comfort, she's always kind andunderstanding, like, I know she won't (13) let me down, she always has time forme.'

a to cause trouble between two or more D 9 to bear or tolerate something [lpeople h to fall in love with or be very

b to suddenly speak angrily to someone D attracted to someone Jor to try to hit someone i\ i to make someone feel sad

c to like someone or something from the [J to become friends again after abeginning fight or disagreement D

d to express a low opinion of someone and LJ k to hold a poor opinion of someone [2Jthus make them feel hurtto have a good relationship D

I to cause someone to be disappointed EJeto quarrel D

m to go to someone for help D

2 ~e o phrasal verbs below have opposite meanings to two of the phrasal verbs in the passage.

een phrasal verbs above can be used in four different patterns. Look again at the text andIe e the chart. Follow the examples given.

attem

- preposition +noun phrase/pronoun

- noun/noun phrase/pronouncrb

took to Katie, .take against sb, .

put me down, .

- ad\'erb + preposition +noun phrase/pronoun

- adverb + preposition +oun phrase/pronoun or

- adwrb (without an object)

make up with Katie, .Katie and I made up, .

IE

Vocabulary 1Rephrase the parts of these sentences in bold by using phrasal verbs from the chart above. Addappropriate nouns, noun phrases or pronouns if necessary.

It was a bit embarrassing at the dinner party as Mark kept making rude remarks abouthis wife in front of us all.

2 I always got the impression that she thought she was superior to us.

3 I didn't mean to do it, but I lost my temper and said some very rude things to the kids.

4 I have always admired and respected my father.

5 I would probably have married him, but my mother disapproved of him and destroyedour relationship.

6 Maybe you don't like him, but I've always had a friendly relationship with Jim.

7 I heard that they had a fight last week, but I believe they've become friendly again since.

8 For some reason, I took an instant dislike to him from the moment we met.

9 She promised to show up on time today for a change, but as usual she didn't - she washalf an hour late and we missed the start of the film.

to That tall man with the loud voice over there is exactly the type that my sister is usuallyattracted to.

tt I can no longer stand the noise my neighbours make every night.

~ Many of these phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. With a partner, choose two phrasalverbs from the list below and, using a dictionary, find one other meaning for each verb. Then write yourown sentences to illustrate these alternative meanings. When all pairs are ready, take turns to read yoursentences aloud. The rest of the class must suggest definitions based on the sentences they hear.

'I'm amazed she fell for Tony's story about losing his wallet on the bus; sheshould know that he says that every time he needs to borrow money.''It means to be deceived or tricked by someone or something. '

When recording new phrasal verbs at home, you can organise them:

~ by topic area (as in this book).~ alphabetically according to the verb.~ according to the preposition or adverb (e.g. all phrasal verbs

with out together).,Try experimenting with the different methods and see which oneworks best for you.

6 . 2fly nouns can be formed by adding a suffix to another noun, or a verb or adjective. Nine suffixes" ich are frequently used to create abstract nouns (nouns which are not people, places or objects) ares:ed in the chart below, with some examples. Which would you guess is the most commonly used

5 Ix?

Suffix Nouns

- ance/-ence tolerance, independence, ........... .................... ........................... ..............

- cy infancy, ........ ................. .................... ............ ........... • • • •• • • 0 • • • •• • • . ............- dom wisdom, ..................................................... .............. .................................

- hood motherhood, ................................................... ........... ..............................

- ity sanity, ........................................................ ...............................................- rnent encouragement, .. ............................................................ .........................- ness thoughtfulness, ... ............................................. .............. ............. ..........- tion concentration, ...... ....................................... ............................................- ure exposure, ....................................................................................................

• ork with a partner. Together think of one more abstract noun to add to each category. Then share your. 'eas with the rest of the class, and add their words to your list.

mplete the gaps in the text with a noun formed from the word given in the margin. The first one haseen done as an example.

Important social changes are taking place in the arcas of (0) .....I11a.r.ria.0.e....and the family. There is a global (1) going on in how we[hink of ourselves and how we form ties and (2) withothers.

MARRY

REVOLVE

CONNECT

What most people call the traditional family was in fact a transitionalpha e in family (3) in the 1950s. By then the idea thatromantic love was the best (4) for marriage had replacedme concept of marriage as an economic contract. The family has sincechanged further.

DEVELOPFOUND

In the traditional family the married couple was only one part of thefamilv system. Ties with children and other relatives were equallyimportant in day-to-day (5) : ,.. Today the couple is at the coreof what the family is. While statistically marriage is still the norm, formo t people its (6) has completely changed. Althoughmarriage promotes the (7) of a relationship by making apubLic declaration of (8) , it is now the quality of thecouple's relationship which is considered the most important element.

SIGNIFY

STABLE

COMMIT

_-\couple has its own exclusive history. It is a unit based upon emotionalcommunication or (9) Communication is both the meanso~ establishing the tie in the first place and the basis for ensuringcontinuing (10) in the relationship.

Vocabulary 1Idioms and set phrases

Think of one word which can be used to complete all three sentences in each group below.Follow the example.

o The young man devoted his life to the pursuit of pleasure.o I have to admit that hill walking is a pursuit which doesn't interest me at all.o The flustered mother ran out of the supermarket in hot pursuit of her absconding toddler.

Do the easiest sentence in each group of three first. ~ Use a dictionary to help you check.:j if the word you've chosen also fits in the other sentences.

o I must have upset her, as she usually chats happily to me, but today she .., "" medead when we met in the street.

aD' ~ I I ., .. hIon t . a ot, p ease; It s Just a tnm t at want.

o He was so enraged by his nephew's behaviour that he ....penny.

o I waited years to do it, but I finally my own back on him for his disloyalty to me.

o Loud noise is something that has always on my nerves.

o The party was a great success as all the guests ,.. on like a house on fire.

o She has a gift for out the best in people.

o I don't like her high and mighty attitude; she needs down a peg or two.

o I hope you don't mind me "" my mother here with me.

o I have to admit that with John and me it was "" at first sight.

o There is little lost between me and my next-door neighbour.

o I'm hoping it's just a case of puppy "" , as I'm certainly not letting my son getmarried at the age of sixteen.

o Take good of my daughter; she's the only one I've got.

a There are over 600 children in our town, of whom ten per cent are in the localchildren's home.

o I don't what you say; I believe I'm old enough to make my own decisions.