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Future Forests Will Be Better - - - - - - - Page 3 V°'- XXXV“

Weed Turned into Useful Product - - - - Page 6

How They Pep Up Grocery Sales - - - - - Page 10

1963

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No. 1

Q-Hi‘).411%JIQQIIPIKL.

THE NORTHWEST

Published Bimonthly by the

The Cover Picture\Vhen this Noble r. ve feet in di-

ameter and about 450 years old, lull inOregon on one of the trees farms of the

the Clown Ze|lcr-bach corpora-tion. it containedseveral thousandboard feet ofwood. To replacesuch giants of thewestern lorest.<,planting and rc-seeding havebeen gathering

NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY comrmv '“°‘“°““““ f°‘W.J.HUNT,Editor.......................... . . . . . . . . . St.PaulMlnn

several years. Better tree seed and more' ' of it are two objectives occupying the

IF YOU WISH INFORMATION regarding The Northern Pacic Railway, or about Industry, f P 1 d O f 1

agriculture and other resources in the territory which it serves please address one of the following 0 on an r re" or One’ ms an eX'atficers (depending on the information desired): tensive, long-range genetic program un-

P. D. EDGELL, General Manager, Properties and Industrial Development.....St. Poul, Minn. der Way deslglied to Improve the cinn-w. J. LUCHSINGER, Vice President—Tratfic Paul, Minn. memal specles thmugh s°le°“°“*ozone! M. WASHINGTON, Vice President—-Oil Development....... ......Billings, Mont. crowns and l1YbY1d1Zal1°"- The 355°C“F. C. SEMPF, Manager, Industrial Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .St. Paul, Minn. [I011 I185 IWO Ill1I‘S€I‘l6S In Whlch treesM. H. NIXON, Western Manager, Industrial Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$eattle, Wash fI'O!Il I)€ll€I‘ SCBCI can be started and thenS. G. MERRYMAN, MOHOQEI, Iimbéf (Ind Western Lands . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . ~sQCI"IO, WGSIL distributed to forest Owners for plant.GEORGE R. POWE, Asst. Gen. Mgr., Properties and Industrial Development..St. Paul, Minn. in,,_ For more details about this inter.ERNEST E. THURLOW, Chief Mining Geologist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$t. Paul, Minnl.. S. MACDONALD, Director, Agricultural Development Department . . . . . . . .$t. Paul, Minn. C‘

try. The Industrial Forestry association,

"-3 .‘ estlnv pI‘O_]€CL please turn to pages

three, four and ve.

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attention of many in the forest indus- l

Oil Field Names Derived from Imagination and Local Geography ‘

Ever wonder how oil elds are suggest a name. She replied that a butte “I don’t recall how the Beaver Lodgenamed? Some names seem so strange in the area reminded her of a camel’s eld, one of our big ones, was named.that they may have been "picked out back. So. we decided on Camel Butte Beaver creek is among the local physi-of the air” by an imaginative wag. eld. cal features. Maybe some beavers were

7 77 ,’"No, sa_vs Dr. Wilson l\I. Laird. stalegeologist for North Dakota. naming oil

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elds is an uncomplicated process. al- ~33‘-'——~i

though imagination does play a part.In North Dakota. official naming is

in the hands of a committee consisting

cal society and representatives of thestate government, with Dr. Laird serv-ing as one member of the committee.

“Ge-nerall_v.,” Laird explained rcccntly.“we nd out rst what the company thatdrilled the discovery wcll calls the eld.We don’t use the names of persons.however. because people die or moveaway and the association thus is dimmed.Geographic or political features makebetter bench marks.

“Interesting situations come up. Oncewe rst had to name a butte in order

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of a representative of the state geologi- ’__

-fix

lodged there.With more than 75 pools in North

Dakota’s oil-producing areas. the nam-ing problem has come up often. In Dr.I,aird’s office at Grand Forks, records,of course. show much more than names.Detailed technical information. witheld maps. is available there on everywell that has been drilled. and its cur-rent status is shown. along with muchother information.

87,000,000 Bushels of WhiteWheat Were Exported

In the grain marketing year whichended June 30, 1962, in the PacicNorthwest. white wheat raised in thatarea and exported totaled 87.000.000bushels. Of that total, 57,000,000 went

to name a nearby eld after it. . . out under title I of the federal overn-srummc A coma from an 0|] well 5“We asked a local woman if there in North Dakma’ is D,._ Wilson M_ Laird’ ment’s law 480 and on similar aid pro-was anythlng unusual around that would state geologist, photographed in his office. grams,

THE NORTHWEST. January-February, 1963

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Improve Western Trees byCrossing Better Selections

Inheritance for Desirable Commercial FactorsIs the Basis of This Long Range Program

This question has been asked: “Can commercial foresttrees be improved by selection, crossing and hybridization,just as geneticists have improved cereal crops, forage, meatand dairy animals and poultry?”

The answer is that they can be and, furthermore, that theyare being improved in that way.

But it takes longer. While the rst forest genetic work inthe United States occurred in 1925, it was at least 25 yearslater before most of those who are actively promoting a pro-gram in genetics today to grow better trees were ready to doeective work.

Fortunately, the fact that it takes a lifetime or longer for

,9 ..

a tree to mature so that scientists can determine the nal re- Trlls GRAFTED Fllr ve -"ears °l‘l P"°‘l"°¢‘l ll°"°"5 1" N55"suns of their efforts has left them undaunted_ qually—see arrows—and female owers which received hand-selected pollen were bagged to avoid gathering other pollen.A discouraging element which, nevertheless, has not stopped

the advance of research in tree improvement in the Douglasr region is the absence in some genera, The association, which has headquar- Thus, it was logical rst to selectnotably Douglas r, (with only two ters in Portland, Ore., and which is both scion wood and seed from superiorspecies native in North America), of a composed of tree farmers and other trees the tallest, straightest and “best-

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wide selection of dierent species to use timber-owning rms, took the lead by looking” ones to be found.in crossing and, thus in capturing the mapping out an ambitious genetic ap- From that kind of beginning, seedfull benets of hybrid vigor. proach in the early 1950’s to the whole orchards since have been established to

The ou[s[anding curl-en; Example problem of tree improvement. produce tree seed from the superiorof applied forest genetics is present in The entire job was predicated from 5l°r'l<- Natural crosslng and llarlrl P°lll'western Oregon and western Washing- the beginning on the basic truth that "allrm bolll are relled Or‘ lo Orlglnaleton. where the Industrial Forestry asso- all characteristics of a tree are inherit- "'3" Seed in the 0T@l13Td5- FY0111 thisciation, the U. S. Forest service and ed, although the extent of heritability in kind Of Selection, lmPT0\'@d Tree Seed {OFseveral timber companies are involved. some instances may be questionable. relomslallon Wlll be l0rll"3°rr1lrl5- Seed‘

‘_‘__ ‘ 4. "f

j company, the Crown Zellerbach corpor10,000,000 SEEDLINC TREES YEARLY going out from the Colonel W’. B. Creele - ' -

lings and grafted trees, some of them al-ready ve years old, now are growingin seed orchards and nurseries whereforest geneticists can observe them andwhere their seed in turn can be obtainedto further the tree breeding process.

The Industrial Forestry associationhas three tree seed orchards of 12 acresand 3.700 trees. One is on the TomollaTree farm of Everett G. and Mary LeaGriggs. at Orting, Wash. Another is the.\losby Creek seed orchard. near Cot-tage Grove, Ore., and the third, southof Dallas. Ore.. near Pedee. is the Pedeeseed orchard.

Still other tree seed orchards havebeen established in the Pacic North-west by the following: the Vveyerhaeuser

f h I d F y atlon. the Port Blakeley Mlll company.nursery 0 t e n ustrial orestry association, at Nisqually, Wash., for commercialplanting will come from improved seed raised scientically in special orchards. ll"? Tlml)€l' Service company at Sweet

THE NORTHWEST, January-Februm-_v, I963 3

THIS FIR TREE, WHOSE TOP is held by Dr. J. WK Duield, TO GET A GOOD, STRAIGHT tree, a single straight leader isforest geneticist, at Nisqually, Wasll., sent out several leaders. wanted, nol a shep|lerd’s crook, such as the one that NormanSuch a tree, Duield said, should be avoided as a source of seed. E. Bjorklund, the chief forester for the association, is holding.

Home, Ore., the Georgia-Pacic com- sion wood, which is considered shaped leaders, as these result inpany, the Abernathy Forest association, poor wood. trees with malformations.at RYder“'ood- Wa5h-- ahd the Rathter 2. Get away as much as possible lrom 6. Create stock that will produceForest association, at Ethe, Waeh- branching or the retention of cones heavily.

From Streeeasttttti’ gratted setoha oh‘ branches, since these create knots. T. Furnish stock that will growtathed trom 5“Pertor trees it has heeh which in themselves degrade lum-V enough seed suited to high eleva-tearhed that some Seed ea" he harvested her and plywood. Below the knots tions, where it is scarce in nature.the thtrd Year- Most ot the Work to date compressed wood occurs. Manu- The association’s program is de-

has heeh dohe “tth Douglas hr ahd facturers of wood pulp don’t like signed eventually to supply from theHemlock The Prohterrre tor eXarrtPte- this because it contains short - orchards enough seed for annual plant-"tth r, t5 eomldteated further because» hers and a high percentage of ing in its tree nurseries, one ol which,as tereatere have Pointed out» r doeshit lignin, the stutt that cements - called the Colonel W. B. Greeley forestroot readttY- torehtg therh to re-‘ert to bers together. nursery. on 401/3 acres. it has been op-grattthg ahd there the t"eomPatthttttY 3. Get fast-growing seedlings. crating at Nisqually. Wasb., since l94~1

ot Setohe with root stocks rhai’ retard 4. Develop resistance to disease and to grow seedlings on contract for Paci-the aehedute heeahse a gratt ma." tall» insects. e Northwest tree farmers. The capacityeve" tour or ttve Years atter rt ta made 5. Avoid multiple leaders or poorly is l0.000.000 seedlings annually and toWhen ways are discovered (and thisproblem is being studied) to root D0ug- ‘ , L l A ‘las r cuttings readily, problems shoulddiminish.

The venture in forest genetics, de-spite roadblocks it must overcome inprocedure. should develop seed capableof accomplishing objectives which areshown below just as they have beenenumerated by foresters who are in-volved in the work.

1. Produce straight trees. Zigzag logsfrom poorly shaped trees lower

~ - - - a as mg on ores , a see orc ar was esta ls e e youngtimber volume and quality. A r IN THE MIDST OF W h' t f t d h d bl‘ h d (thTn“ stralghtetl If left Standing but trees in the foreground) where seed will be produced from known stock by naturalIn domg $0 It Pr0d1lC€5 C0mPre5' crossing with pollen from the vigorous young forest in the background or by hand.

4 THE nonrnwrssr. Illnllnry-February, was

date 130,000,000 trees have been grown.Another nursery with similar capacitywas started by the association at Canby,Ure., in 1962. Its rst crop, (>,500.000seedlings. will be shipped in the fall ofI063.

.-\lthough 0,000 seedlings producedfrom selected trees so far have beenshipped and association crews l|ar\cstedlast fall 100,000 cross-pollinated seedsfrom selected trees and 2.000 from hand-pollinated cones whose origin was select-cd trees, it will be some years in the fu-ture before all of the seed needed inthe two nurseries can be originated inthe seed orchards. ln the meantimeforesters will continue to search for sup-plies of promising seed in the forests.as they have been doing heretofore.along old logging roads which. in somecases, go back into the woods long dis-tances. and in other likely productionareas.

The headquarters for the associati0n’seld staff are at the nursery at Nisqual-ly, where Dr. _l. W. l)uflicld. forest gen-eticist. is in charge, with the title oftechnical director. There are three full-time employees at Nisqually engaged intree improvement research. Closely as-sociated with the program are NormanE. Bjorklund. chief forester for the as-sociation. and W. D. Hagenstein. whois executive vice president. both locatedat Portland. Four district foresters ofthe association. at geattle. Portland, Eu-gene and Medford, also help with theassociation’s tree improvement program.

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A GRAFTED FIR TREE from a superiorscion has bags on its owers to controlpollination and grow improved seed.

THE l\'0|{T||WES'l‘. .I|1r|uur_\'-|'i1-Ilrllury, I963

. __. ln the seed orchards. isolated as they

are as far as possible in wooded areas,young growth falls prey to many of thenatural forces. The orchards are sur-rounded by high fences to keep outdeer, although such enclosures aren'talways effective. Experiments with sys-tcmic insecticides have been introduced.Injected into seedlings or grafted youngtrees, they act on insects which devourthe seeds.

Cultivation to keep down weeds andpreserve moisture is an item. Selectionand breeding to counteract diseases willbe done.

An important and logical step, forwhich there scarcely has been any pre-vious opportunity. is progeny testingto determine how good as parents are

A YOUNG (IROSSBRED FIR, the resultof genetic program of the Industrial For-estry association, is under observation.

from dr_\ southern California with l)oug-las fir has possibilities.

ln discussing thc future of wood.Hagenstein recently said:

"If we knew for certain that [recs ona specic tree farm were going to beused primarily for pulp, we could at-tempt, through genctics, to develop atree with wood within a desirable rangeof specic gravitics, a desirable rangeof proportion of springwood to sum-merwood, an optimum growth rate anda high ratio of cellulose per unit ofwood. We could also direct our treeimprovement to thc control of liberlength and diameter and other varia-tions of wood structure which allectthe yield. quality and value of cellu-lose. Likewise. if we were certain thatthe trees to be grown on a tree farm

THIS VIE“. SHOWS how superior scions were to be used for lumber or plywood.are grafted M [he '[‘0m0||a 50¢-,1 on-hard we could strive to develop trees whichOf llll‘ lllflll-.'lI'i| F0l‘1'§"‘§' 11§§01'i1"i°"- would have desirable properties for

those products. such as strength, easethe trees from which grafts are made. of gluing. ease of seasoning. appearanceOnce it can be demonstrated that they and favorable strength-weight ratio.produce good offspring. scions can be “Ag p|'(l3en[ the pulp am] paperU§C(l extensively. FOTCSICTS Say that and l)()a|'(l §f*§_1|]](1n[§ Qf (;||]- i|]d|_|§[ry'don’t expect to wait 50 or T5 years for mp _l(-ing 1_5()n_()()()_(]()() hoard feet loglltat (la)? Tl1P)' Will d" €'?"'li*‘l' te§li"g- scale of their wood each vcar from

A step for the future is to breed lumber and plywood leftovers. or halftrees designed for specific purposes. On of their raw material. \Vith the recentsouth slopes in some parts of Oregon a trend of what were almost exclusivelycomplaint has been heard that it is dif- pulp and paper companies into the lmncult to start Douglas r. Tempera- ber and plywood business. with the usetures. it has been said. are too high and of chips for their pulp mills. it may bethe soil dries out r|uicl<l_v so that young that in the future our tree improvementfir. consequently. does not survive. /\ as far as the wood itself is concernedcross of a big cone spruce. (actually a will be directed primarily toward im-species in the same genus as Douglas rl proving wood for mechanical use.”

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Factory Using ‘Forest Weed’ Makes Jobs for 100 PersonsNu-Ply Corporation, at Bemidii, Minn., Started at a Cost of $925,000, Is Paying Off BorrowedFunds and Is Doing More Than $1,000,000 Worth of Business Annually; Future May Be Even Better

' ' -__.; 1- IThe Nu-Ply corporation, which got .

under way in 1956 at Bemidji on a

$350,000 loan from the state of Minne-sota and $575,000 derived from thesale of stock ta total of about $925,000was needed to build a new plant andequip itl, had some rough times butnow it is moving along under its ownpower and the outlook, too, is thateven better days may be ahead in thefuture.

At rst the idea was to peel birchveneer and apply it to a core of par-ticles to make panels but later the man-agement’s strategy was changed andthe production of hardboard from aspenpulpwood was undertaken. This productnow is being sold in carloads east ofthe Rocky mountains.

Not long ago when visitors were be-ing shown through the plant by F. R.Eggerg a nian with an engineering back. ONCE CALLED A FORES'l‘_weed, aspen is gathered from faiiimegs zgid other sinallaround and a very pleasant manner. too suppliers _l_iy tlie thousands ot cords in aiyard at_the factory of t e u- _v corporation,P ' ’ at Bemidji, Minn. Fifty men are occupied cutting, piling and deliverng to the plant.a crew of 50 employees was workingtwo shifts to ll orders. 40 per cent of . . .

. ' . -. P f d l- b t 1 th f thwhich from makers of furmture. at the factory lenty o woo is avai u ion o e economy o nor ern

Eggers, who is president and general able in the area, however: Minnesota in generating Jobs for 100 or

manager, pointed out that 50 cords While this kind of activity has been more PeT5f)i‘5-

daily of aspen logs were being con- going 0"» the company has been re‘ In addmon lo Eggersf 0lcer_s aresumed_ tiring its long-term obligations. Monthly Lloyd .l0l1I150I1- Dl1llllh- V106 Pfesldeml

Some of the nished board serves as Payments go to the Ito" Range Re‘ Clarence R‘ smith’ Bemldji’ secretary;acoustical materiai Included among sources S1 Rehabilitation department ofother uses are too] board and paneis the state of Minnesota, whose loan has

for overhead garage (;l()0r5_ Business been rediiced a little oyer $150,000. Ofamounting to more than $1i()()()_()()() is the securities sold, $115000 worth ofbeing dong yeaiiy and Eggeis said, it preferred stock went to local investorswill he bigger in the futura living in B6Il1I(l]l and ‘near there. All

Aspen as raw material is purchased but $l_i.000 worth of this now has been

from small suppliers and farmers with- Called m for repurchase by the Companyin 50 miles of Bemidji. some 50 per- ill 100 cents 0“ the dollar‘sons are occupied cutting and handling Business leaders in the area have

it and delivering it to the plant. From slated repeatedly that the Nu-Ply cor-2.000 to 6.000 cords are kept on hand poratioii has made a substantial contri-

HARDBOARD MANUFACTURED FROM Minnesota pulpwood is loaded into Northern CAR IS LOADED with hardboard ofPacic boxcars at the Nu-Ply corporation, at Bemidji, for delivery to buyers located mixed sizes. Notice steel straps at reareast of the Rocky mountains, where it is used for furniture and other products. and on oor which will secure the load.

6 THE NORTl‘l“'EST, January-February, 1963

“'OOD FIBERS ARE FORMED into board on large steel plates which then are trans-ferred In a hot press which has 20 openings, shown here in operation at the Nu-Plycorporation, in Bemidji, Minn. This equipment, incidentally, was bought in Europe.

'[‘()()L BQARD 15 QNE of several prod- AN EMPLOYEE MAKES adjustments inucts made from Bemidji pulp, F. R. Eg- [lling ¢(l"lP""?m which is °Pel'al¢d 91gers, Nu-Ply president, recently showed, Nu-Ply c0rporation’s hardhoard plant.

HARDBOARD IS TRIMMED into differ-ent sizes. A shipping crew hands pack-ages of varying quantities to ll orders.

Forty per cent of the output goesfrom the press to a tempering roomwhere, to make it harder and stronger,the board is dipped in petroleum resinsand then is baked. After that, humidity-ing is done to replace some of the mois-ture that is evaporated by the manufac-turing process.

Trimmers, cut-up saws and bandingequipment perform the last jobs beforethe hardboard, sometimes called “Bemid-ji-Bord.” is placed in railroad cars forits trip to users.

Montana's Production oiand H. F. Pihl, Bemidji, treasurer. Julius and to reduce the chips to bers. This zlnc was up InJ. Stern. Tallahassee. Fla., John E. occurs in reners equipped with burred Zinc mined in Montana in 1962Quistgard. Bemidji. and Percy R. Pas- plates, some of which turn in one direc- alngunled [Q 38,830 (9115, comparedeoe. Duluth, are directors. lion and some in another. Next, the with only 10,268 tons in 1961. The out-

When aspen logs are conveyed into bers are felted. They are laid out and put was the largest for the state Sincethe Nu-Ply factory. they rst are made shaken to compact them and make a 195T, The value in 1962 was $8_931,()()(),into (‘hips three-fourths of an inch long. mat. They are formed in that shape into or an increase of $6.5T1.(l0O above theThe next step involves cooking to soften a hard panel or board by putting them, previous year’s total.the hgnin in the wood. which is the on large steel plates, into a hot pressstuff that holds bers together rmly. which has 20 openings. This press, a

Then a debrating process occurs. rub- vital link in the manufacturing routine Largest F" Felled byhing the material to remove the lignin at the plant, was made in Europe. BlU$|'6|'y POClC

A 1.000-year-old r on a tree farm of

Picked Purple Plums and Put Them Into Packages the Cmw“ Zeuerbach °°“P°'a“°“’ i"Clatsop county, Oregon. described in thePurple plums (prunesl canned in the sociation, which promotes the sale of September-October Northwest, in 1962,

Pacic Northwest last year totaled nearly this product. The output in 1963 will be as the largest of its species. fell when it2,000.0(l0 cases, the largest amount in re- lower because of severe damage done in was uprooted a short time later, on N0-cenl years. Processors belong to an or- orchards of western Oregon and western vember 25, while a blustery s0u’westerganizalion, called the Purple Plum as- Washington by wind last fall. swept in from the nearby Pacic ocean.

THE NORTHWEST, January-February, 1963 7

LONUEII BUILDING AT TIIE LEFT is a 640-foot planer shed l'or 10 new dry kilns. One log pond was lled and the other,recenll_v lruill at the mill in Yakima. \Vash., of the Boise Cas- above, was reduced in size. Logs are stored in dry decks. A millcadc CtII‘|lt)l‘tllI0ll. In front ol' the shed is the location selected which cost $2,000,000. to produce plywood, is at the far right.

Boise Cascade Improvements at Yakima Cost $5,000,000Large Plywood Plant Built Recently Near Sawmill Accounts for Nearly Half of the Total; PlanerShed, Stacker and Unstacker, New Kilns, Log Slip and Power Equipment Have Been Added, Too

Integration and factory modernization of the Douglas Fir Plywood association. the sawmill. One was eliminated andin the lumher industry, which reached a The Pl‘-“-00,] Mam is §,.n,e(] by hm lled in entirely, and the other was re-high volume in the 1950's and carried imlustrial tmck5_ Qne in;i(]¢- of the duced hy half.over into the early l‘)()U's, show few ] '|]‘ t f _. ,. ']. . 1ttll ( mg Ias room or sewn ral |o.1( All logs are stored now in dry (leeks,“£115 "f al>alH1g- The B"1~"t‘ C?‘5('i"lt’» cars at a shipping dock. They are moved to and from the deck-corporations operation at Yakima, The new factory sits on land that not ing area h\' powerful motorized mach-Wash., IS a good example. long ago was part of a log pond. In ines which lilt 30 tons at a time and cost

lll(JlU(.lll]°' work currentl' heinv com- ~ ," - v “-00 ) 1: fact. two ponds |)I'C\I()llSl_\ were used at -_\.o0.t)()0 apiece. It is interesting to learn,pleted, this company since 1957 has in-vested at Yakima more than S5.()()().()()t)in new equipment and construction.

“‘W’e regard this as a necessity ," a

Boise Cascade olhcer commented re-cently, "if we are to stay in the timber-processing husiness. T0 lilt our heavy’costs and have something left to payour stockholders for the use of theircapital. we have to process each logand every part of each log that we can.”

A recent major Boise Cascade ex-pendi'ure totals approximately $2.000.-tttttt for a plywood mill across the streetfrom the companyls sawmill at Yakima.ln a building -"I-2(lx30() feet. there arel2().()t)0 square feet all under one rool.Production was started on June l. last.

The plant. which runs two shilts. nowproduces standard sheathing-type ply-wood hut a little later on will produce a

f I I _-_] T} _ MOTORIZED HANDLING AT THE SAW'MILL of the Boise Cascade corporation inl)H(P_m‘]gP 0 Sam H mmend ' W Inn‘ Yakima is done with $30,000 machines that can lift 30 tons at a time. The one shownduct ls graded and Sold UINIPT iillitlilrtl-Q nnloads a truck at one IIlI(' and places the logs on a deck. Others move them to a pond.

8 TIIE NUIITIIWTIST, January-Feliruary, 1963

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too. that four rubber tires on one ofthese steel Coliaths cost 557.500.

A program of modernizing is underway in the companyis sawmill at Yaki-ma. A crane and shipping shed, withdock space for 22 railroad cars androom for about 3,000,000 board feet oflumber. was nished early in 195‘).

Completed in late 1961 is a new plan-er shed that is 640 feet long and 100feet wide. /\t one end lumber moves ona conveyor to the planing area from anunstacking machine which is suppliedwith seasoned lumber that comes out of10 new kilns. Before the material goes

through an automatic stacking machine.

A new slip to move logs into thesawmill from the mill pond has been

tl

v into the kilns for drying. it passes-__

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built all of steel and a new lo barkin i i ~ ~ ~’_ ’ g g LOMMERLIAI. (,lHLl:.NllOUSE ON A CATTLE ranch of 800 acres near Billings,machine has been Installed. ltl the 0p- M0nt., keeps Arthur E. Boswell in the wholesale ower business on a large scale. Heeration of the sawmill’ 3 shift has been is pictured here with chrysanthemums, which are reliable all-year producers for him.made from steam to electrical power,except for feeds which drive the carriages and log turning equipn]ent_ ' Cattle Rancher Succeeds Growing Orchids, Too

The capacity of the sawmill, in two Ashifts, on completion of remodeling will -- re (|"- east of Bmin S MODL wh - - bbe around 400.000 feet dail ". About -Sp av ' g i ' i‘ ' O Bosliell keeps Seieml nineties’ ui_ ' . r , Just h) chahce got hherested 1" rarsmg his more common ones are odontoglos-050 people are employed in Boise Cas- ' . ' . - * . '_ - -

. . °rchrd5= “hrCh= he S4351 ‘hmi Pa) the“ sum, cypripedium, cymbidium and cat-cade operations at Yakima. The total W3 ,_ but who went to ‘ _H f h . l _ X O" _gr°W"‘g Pot tleya. In recent years he has had the

do -1 -11 C’ ' ’ ’ ‘ mom)’: '5 Arthur E- B°5weh- says, the water and climate are morenua y. -A Purebred Heref0rd breeder {Or 3 suitable. He recounted recently how he

About ve years ago, in 1957, one of number of years, Boswell in 1954 turned hadifi had much |uck breeding new

the world’s largest lumber-producing his land 0v6r 011 8 share basis to £1

rms was formed when the Cascadc couple of young men who fatten com- (]e\~e]0pe(] is a ieahniqne for germinai.Lumber company, a Washington con- mercial cattle on forages and rainseern, and the Boise-Payette Lumber gr0Wl1 011016 rHnCh-company, headquartered in Idaho, were Pft‘\"i0lls to this time. a orist gave Samhemun“ Oi ~u- oi - '1., p use ias. geraniums antmerge(l- Since that mhe’ w1ththeleader' Bilswell an Orclml Plant that “ever had azaleas are produced in wholesale num-

1ship of its 3)-year-old president, Robert l)loome(l. Boswell built a little window hm; for orism

cattle rancher on an 800-acre from $10 up to $25 for a lone ower.

varieties but one improvement he has

5 ing orchid seed in a sterile flask.

V, Hansherger, the new company has greenhouse at his residence and the plantbeen expanding rapid] and getting into flowered the following Christmas. He _

niher lines of ]]]a[]uf:Q[u['i|]g_ A pulp has been an orchid fan ever since and can Predld Dust Stormsmill tit now makes 4-00 or 4-50 tons of nds {1r°“'il1g lhelll is -Tl Challenge, 31- SeVe|‘| MO|1fl'\$ in AdV(|n¢9w0()(i pulp ii] 3 24-hgur day) was built lll0Ugll ll€ f8€lS it iSI1’l 3S hard I0 (l0 HS

at Wallnla, Wa5h_ Boise Cascade went the average person believes. He built a L SW5 a new Index hasefl on weatherinto the corrugated container business large greellhollsei 104x25 feet, 0" the C(;n.dmons' dust storms m. the Greatand is [aking shipping and gtgfage I'Zll1Cl1 and 3CCllI11Ul3i€'(l 3 10.000-])l2':llll Palns n_0w can be predlcted Serve"

containers in ve different plants and Suppl)‘ Oi orchid-=—hving imP0fl6(l infmths ll] adganial Forecasts. (lenvidis turning nni bagging papen The car. many of them from Qouth America and )5 applying t e mm)‘ are iald to e

poration owns and operafes 12 sawmills 0016? tf0Pi03l Sh0Tf‘s- accurate 65 per cent of the ume'

iii. “1?‘..3Z.‘ Yiiiilll il’l‘;'.3'tZ'v.l“§§§1<tllii§ taiilahe i§.1ll§.-@i‘i'°iv§.i.°i..§i'°l§l.i§ "I mi WEYERHAEUSE“ BUILDING ANhighways to its pulp factories. thus coii- market but he ships the blooms. also. to ADDITION AT LONGVIEWverting leftover wood and using it for Minneapolis. Denver and Spokane. The The Wey'erhaeuser company is build-something the public wants. A recent flowers usually measure from four and ing a $2.000.000 addition. newspaperaddition acquired by Boise Cascade is a half to six inches across but some accounts say. on its pulp and paper-the Columbia River Paper company. of measure nine inches. The prices range. board mill at Longview, Wash, forPortland. Ore.. which has mills at Van- at retail. from $3.50 to $7.50 each. but laminating a polyethylene coating oncouver. Wash.. and Salem. Ore. I during the winter holidays they may go kraft paperboard.

THE NORTIIWTZST. January-February, I963

ln the greenhouse on his ranch chry

9

Grocers Take Ideas from Old-Time Country-Store DaysBut Improvement in Methods of Merchandising Continues; Successful Wholesale Firm at DuluthWhich Serves Northern Area of Three States, Operating in a New Building, Is a Good Example

ll you are a cynical person, this maysound like nonsense. As a matter of fact,we are somewhat reluctant ourselves tobring it up but, nevertheless, while thecracker barrel certainly never will re-turn, there is evidence that the grocerybusiness seems to he getting hack tosome of the ideas of the “good old"country store days.

“Yes,” an executive of ArrowheadGrocers, lnc., an up-and-coming whole-sale rm, at 38th Avenue West andTraverse street, in Duluth, Minn., saidrecently, “you have to ofler a variety ofnonfood items in a grocery store nowa-days but you use modern merchandisingmethods to display them and do the

l' .” .5°] "'5 IN THIS SPANKING NEW steel and concrete warehouse and ofce building Arrow-Wlll he ll'l€8l1S 19 €Vl(l6lll Wllffll 0116 head Grocers, lnc., at Duluth, has 60,000 square feet to handle its wholesale inven-looks at an assortment of the 5_0()() tory which consists of dry groceries, meat, fruits and vegetables and miscellaneous items.items, 4,000 of which consist of drygroceries Stacked in the company-’5 He“-7 it should be good meat because that, it is enclosed in a special bag made ofefficiently arranged warehouse on shelves as sure as the sun will shine tomorrow, heavy paper. which is a factor in purity19 feet high’ almost reaching the @eiling_ will hring the women hack to a store of food and. too, there are other ad-There are b[anket5_ articial owers, repeatedly to purchase. We go to a vantages.kitchen equipment and a list of other Pavllllg l10ll56 Ourselves I0 make S@l@0- "Also, to improve the merchandisingarticles people use in the home in ad- tions. which are marked With OUT OWH of meat, we conduct schools for meatdition to food. tags We require that the meat be age<ll- cutters employed at retail stores. This

“Another thing" the Same Omr-er (16- ll is m0\'@tl l0 011! £‘00l6F in 011? 116W work previously was done at the storesClared_ “we have our Own ideas about building because in hulk amounts we but now it Occurs in 3 special mom inmeat. Every grocer should sell meat but gel 56"" delivery from 01" S"PPli@YS- our new building, where also we train

We deliver it to the stores from therewith groceries in our own trucks, whichare refrigerated. Before a side of beefor any other carcass leaves the cooler,

1: '7,

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f‘**‘§:*X

SIDES OF BEEF are bagged in paper, ONE or THREE original employees or SHOWING SOME or THE nonrooa itemsdem°1'l5"‘3l@d by vi“? Pfsldelll Plll T- Arrowhead Grocers, lnc., when the rm grocery stores sell is G. C. Wedluild.Westergard, before going out to Stores. began in 1947, is Fred l.Rogge, president. assistant vice president of the company.

10 THE NORTHWEST, January-February, 1963

cashiers and, too, managers of retail spectively, president, and executive vice transferred to the grocery stores, where

produce departments. There is a way, president and treasurer, and John they arrive still as hard as granite.

for example, to trim lettuce to freshen Omundson, who in the early days was a The new building has one feature in

it up and still have a head of lettuce lone warehouseman. There were only particular said to be unique in indus-

leftl” 8,000 feet of floor space. The business trial construction. There are heavy sky-

In occupying its 50,000-square-foot grew until it lled 36,000 square feet lights made of transparent plastic. An

storage facility not long ago, Arrow- but as a result of a re in 1955, 11.000 architect while planning the Duluth

head Grocers, Inc., installed the rst feet Were l0St- lrl the m6r1time,lr1 1950, structure reasoned that since skylights

complete food distribution center built the rm had ceased to be a cash-and- of that sort have been tried in schools,

in the region. Indeed. no wholesale gro- carry operation anti, in 1954, aililiation why not in a warehouse? They save

cery house had been built at Duluth in with the Independent Grocers Alliance electricity. Arrowhead officers have

the previous 50 years. The building was was brought about. This group which, found.

constructed by Butler of Minnesota, of incidentally. gives an independent gro- All handling of products in the

which Gordon H. Butler is president, for oer the buying power of a supermarket, warehouse is done with battery-powered

lease to the grocery rm which. itself, does business through 5.000 retailers lift trucks. There is an enclosed loading

put in a refrigeration system and other in 45 states and nine Canadian provinc- dock for six large delivery trucks. The

equipment. A spur track from the N0rth- es. building has both sprinkling equipment

crn Pacic serves the industry. The cost In addition to dry groceries, 1niscel- and a re alarm system. The floor con-

of the development totaled nearly laneous items, meat, fruits and vegeta- sists of heavy concrete.

$350,000. bles. the company handles from its During their many years in the gro-

ln addition to the 50.000 feet, the present location dairy products and cery business the officers of the Arrow-

1

L -DRY GROCERIES ARE stacked 19 feet AN ENCLOSED DOCK for the company’s FROZEN FOODS ARE moved from thehigh in the new warehouse of Arrowhead delivery trucks accommodates six vellieles warehouse to stores in a special, insulat-Grocers, Inc., where 5,000 items are kept. that cover the area where sales are made. ed container that lift truck can handle.

building contains 10,000 feet on a bal- frozen foods. Today, as every housewife head Grocers, lnc.. have learned some

cony. which is divided between oices l<110WS- the list of frozen foorls in any interesting things about the customers

and a repacking room. retail food store is long and some of the who eventually are the consumers who

Arrowhead Grocers, lnc., serves 100 items on it may, indeed. be strange or buy the items handled by retail stores.

stores located in northern Minnesota, rare. But thatis the way it is and, as a Take Bohemians in the mining areas of

Wisconsin and upper Michigan. Some of result. at one end of the large ware- the region served by the wholesale rm.

the retailers are members of the ln- housing space in the Arrowhead build- Those r,oor,1o boy a brand of oorrorr-

dependent Grocers Alliance, but not all mg Hr! insulated T00m has been Walled seed oil called "TY." Don’t ask us why,of them are. off and a temperature of zero or lower one grocery oxport remarked rooorrrlyr

The successful grocery company is maintained inside of it. where frozen but they (lo, and while you Carr’; nd

was Started in 3 modest Way 0" -lam13rY foods are kept at llle beck and call of one can of it in stores in Minneapolis

1- 194-7~ 35 3 cash-and-carry Wll0l@53l9 relaller5- A“ insulated container 65136‘ or Duluth. a retailer on Minnes0ta’s iron

tlTm- Retailers Came around and bought clally for these foods has been devised range has little trouble moving 25 cases

half cases or cases of grocery items and for use in moving them to stores. it is of this 0j[_ Another national group rep.

carted the stuff away themselves. Then large but not too large to be moved from rosomorl “on rho range” buys walnuts to

iust about the whole business was the freezer room at the warehouse to one make a special nut ouk@_ Store keepers

handled by Fred l. Rogge and Paul T. of the company’s trailers with a lift report it isu’¢ unusual to sell ve pounds

Westergard, who at present are, re- truck and in that way frozen products are of shelled nuts to Qne buyer,

nus NORTHWEST, January-February, 196.1 ll

‘'~.**.7"'.s "

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Z '

;_~5I'\/J!BL’T'l‘l§lU\l.-\f\i l’L'SllES BUTTONS to re- COTTAGE CHEESE 1\l.»\DE at Cass-(Ilay A FEDERAL CRADER in a laboratory atlease n lmteh from shiny, metal ehurn at factory is nice white sln'. says worker ereamery rletermines the quality andplant of the (lass-(Ilay (Ireanu-ry. lne. at ereamery in Fargo, with scoop lled. niakes a test of material at the liaetory.

Creamery Firm at Fargo Has $12,000,000 Annual VolumeSales of Dry Milk Powder and Butter Bring a Large Part of the Income; Buyers Are Located in Cali-fornia, Oregon and Washington but Milk, Cream, Cheese and Ice Cream are Sold Locally, Too

.\lan_\ persons have ealled the lied eompan_\. a eooperative which is owned at r\her<leen and liedeld. 5'. l)., andlli\er \alle_\' of the north and areas Ii)‘ l.‘)lt() farmers in North llakota. distrihution points for processed prod-around its fringe the hread hasket of .\/linnesota and South Dakota. packages uets are located in several towns in thethe world. They eould add that a hrim- lor sale whole milk. skimmed milk and Dakotas and Minnesota.lull milk pail is involved. too. 1-ream and it makes and sells dr_\' milk Nearly all of the whole milk and other

Located in Fargo. near the famous powder. hutter, eottage cheese and iee dairy products consumed in Fargo andlied river. the -‘5l,(llltl_()(tU plant of the 1-ream. .\loorhead pass through the Cass-Cla)Cass-Cla) Creamer}. lne.. receives. in Eiglity-eiglit per eent of the raw ma- plant. Then. sales of the nished goodsthe "ush" season, when produetion on terial from farms enters the plant at oeeur too. in an area extending 125farms is high. T5l),ltl)ll pounds of whole Fargo as whole milk in hulk form. The miles from these cities. ln addition tomilk e\er)' da_\‘. producers li\e within 100 miles on all using its own lahel. the ('ompan_\' paek-

From that sno\\’_\' white liquid the sides of Fargo. There are hraneh plants ages for wliolesalers and supermarkets.

§E\'ERAl. OFFICERS “'ll() MET at (lass-(Il:|_\' olliees are. l'ront. left to rigllt. Alllert . , . . . _ . . .Lungselll, direetor: Art Lindahl. dirt-etor; Art (ljervold. president; standing. let't to >l‘\l“_l 0b!"P_()l'I\D |'l'"|‘_“ 0‘ (‘J95-(_‘la"‘right. Vernon 0. sjoquist. Fargo manager: Charles Ommodt. general manager; the butler "l ~‘h|Pl""3 ('""°"~‘ '5 l°"‘l“‘l ""0late “lull llansen. l'orn1erl_\" foreman. The ereamery is oeenpying at modern plant. Northern Pacic‘ ears to be shipped west.

12

It‘ _

Tl"-I \Ul('l'l|\\'l'I.\"l'. Junu||r)'-I":-llrtulry. I903

MILK IN PAPER CARTONS lled on an assembly line is loaded with the help of a PRODUCTlON EMPLOYEE MAKING icepower lift truck into an insulated delivery vehicle at Cass-Clay plant in Fargo, which cream pauses long enough to sample thesupplies several kinds of customers covering an area with a wide 125-mile radius. product himself with a lick of the tongue.

Even though it turns out a variety of pound bags, but ve-pound bags were vold, president; Frank Stees, viceproducts, its total volume of sales coii- introduced for household use recently. president; Kenneth Wenstrom, secre-sists largely of receipts from dry milk “Instant” powder, in fact, is used for tary: Cuy Lewis, treasurer; Charlespowder, which goes principally to Iowa beverage purposes. Ommodt, general manager: Vernonand Wisconsin and to locations on the Started 27 years ago in Moorhoad, Sjoquist, Fargo manager: and Art Liv-west coast, and from butter, much of (ja5s_(j[ay Creamery, loo” has today 165 dahl, Larry Madsen and Albert Lang-which is made into 64'P°"nd blocks employees who draw more than $1,l0O,- §€'tl1- (liI‘€Ct0l'S-

that are 5hlPPed in earleads lo Washing‘ O00 yearly in wages and salaries. Thelo", Oregon a"d California, Where theY annual total volume of sales has passedare relmekaged and Placed in °"e‘P°‘md $12.000.000 and, of this gross income, Qer '|'qi| TufbineCaTt°n5- farmers receive in excess of 559000.000.

- - ‘ - ‘ I cl N t Fa IA new process and new equipment making it one of the larger cooperatives. Schedu e ex I

Mi

O.

are used in producing "instant" milk. a Worlfillg Capital of some $l'500*0_O0 is A turbine for a 66,()()() kilowatt addi-name applied to one type of Cass-Clay 'e‘l“"ed le keep the rm 1" b"5"‘e55' tion to the Hoot Lake station of thedry milk powder. This product and regu- The company was moved in 1957 to ()[[or Tail Power Company, at Ferguslar bakery powder come from the plant Fargo, where its new factory. however, Falls’ Minn” being constructed by theat the rate of a total of 40.000 pounds was not nished until 1961. Wosgjllghouso Eloin-ic corporation indaily when the peak of production is The 0lllC€I‘S who run this important Philadelphia, will be installed on ther6aCl16'd- Much Of it is packagevl in 100- industry at Fargo include. A. H. Gjer- job during the fall of 1963.

TWO N.P. MEN, W. E. Taylor, Fargo, left, BUTTER AND DRY MILK powder are the principal products from the stand ointand R. D. Bone, freight traffic manager, of volume manufactured by the Cass-Clay Creamer lnc. at Far 0. M h b ttpy g uc u er insize up a stack of dry milk in paper bags. bulky pieces goes to west coast destinations but one-1;ound,cartons are packaged, too.

THE NORTl“l“'EST. January-February, I963 13

-- Farming on the Level Pays Him a 20 Per Cent DividendSpring of 1962, One of the Wettest, Focused Attention on the Value of Eliminating Potholes onRed River Valley Fields; Earlier Planting, Improved Seedbeds and Better Cultivation Are Results

An airplane ride over the southernportion of the Red River valley lastspring convinced Edwin Crinde of Claycounty, Minnesota, that benets of landleveling can be greater than he ever hadanticipated.

The spring of 1962 was one of thewettest on record in the valley and itproved costly to many farmers due inpart to poor drainage, which aggravatedthe situation. Planting was delayed,crops were lost because of water stand-ing in the elds for long periods and,in a few instances, elds were abandon-ed.

Flying over this area in May revealedthat most of the elds were a mass of IV , . . . . d. .

Potholes’ but Sllclllllg out llke a _S0re land near Moorliead, Minn., in 1962. A relaetizaailv slizilllaigijpteiilsle fzielelvisligg ilnldlhllllll) Was all 091335101131 Welhdrallled grading might have reduced this trouble. More timely planting could have been done.eld that was free of surface water and

llalgellelll been pl;lllell('l 1 d 1 I with the season, but he feels that a 20 ln addition, the yearly leveling opera-lllllle pure “,9” a_ all _ ele_el per cent gure can be expected over a tion on summer fallow encourages the

slll Years ago’ and lll colllllllclloll wllll period of years. germination of weeds, thus resulting ina llelgllbol’ lle levels l5O _llCle_S of slllll' The increase will come in wet years an excellent weed kill by following 10inc: lallogll etvetlg lgeill wlllcll ls_plallIl_;d from being able to get the crop in a few days later with a cultivation.o ugar ees e o owing spring e ,

at , ls 1“ol llle eld’ wolklllg llp llle slope lo free of wet spots. ln periods of short he we lilver llallel as there are aplremove minor surface irregularities. rainfall the moisture i< evenly pI'U)\1l11[€y 4O().land levelers and'oOOutilizing the natural slope of the eld_ * ~ scrapers located in the area. ln additionHe considers the Cost of the Omration lllputedr “lllcll ls rellecled ln a mom to farmers leveling their own land, there

1 f —th t rh . Hverv small because it r6Places one culti um Orm gm“ 0 e Cml) eavy llas been some cllslom work done by

- “ “ ' ' - l l b .t d l d .and be performed the ;;i:lCI:isu:(;f()fCaOl:1E)rdet$‘;iunooffii ajtlllllsi c0ntI‘aCl0I‘S but llla} Pe0l)le feel that

of 30 acres per day. The initial leveling 1 d I’ I. d d ' . ’ h th the 5_"TfaC9 ha_5 Just bean Scratfhedsof eld not be “shed at an evemg an ""1386 Pa)’ W e er speaking both literally and guratively,

P th bl - r I t xthis rate of speed, but he found in most ll-Slepm em R 00 mucl wa er or 00 allll tlle past Season was proof °“°{‘5l‘instances it was not necessary to move for many farmers who were skepticala great deal of soil and that the job can about the value of proper land forming.be done with a farm tractor and leveler, The per-acre cost of land levelingalthough 3 [W0-and-3-half-yard gcraper varies fI‘0!Il farm l0 farm and it lSmay be desirable if the volume of dirt Hell)! Hell’! cult to furnish an average. Une farmeris excessive or if the length of haul is [5 the address curred on your said he (lidnll have all accllfal gure,Over 600 fee[_ copy of The Northwest, at the but the ‘leveler cost him $1.675 and the

Crinde constructed wide. shallow bottom of the hack page? We llpkeepls very Small: ma"Y°“lner5 haveditches from 20 to 30 rods apart to ac- try to keep our mailing list cur- reported an upkeep of S100 in 10 Years-cumulate surface water and to carry it rent. but so many transfers, H6 Uses a ve-PIOW ITHCIOY On his levelrto outlet channels. The surface ditches changes of title and shifts gf and works from 20 to 30 acres per day.are constructed with the same land level- ollice locations occur that it al- The levelef takes Care Of fF0m 100 I0ing machine and emphasis is placed on ways helps if readers tell us 160 acres Per Yeah 50- ll gures 8 Om?-

keeping them shallow, smooth and promptly when these are con- la" increase in sugar beets Will pay g00dstraight so that they may be crossed tcmplated or when changes take (li\'i<l@ds when all Cosls are taken intoeasily with all farm equipment. place. Also, if you have a hox C0Y1si(1@Tali0I\-

How much increase in production number, and if we are not show- The average pothole in a eld in thedoes Grinde feel can be attributed to ing it on your address, will you Red River valley is from two to fourleveling? please tell us so we can add that inches deep. Therefore, ll usually can

The average yearly increase will vary information? he brought into the low spots from the

14 Tm: NORTHWEST, January-February, 1963

l

surrounding area and the leveling opera- R ° E ' ' 'tioii completed without making a cut ofover an inch or two, with the result thatno adverse effect on yield occurs from The Commemal Oll e°mP3nY hasthe removal of top Soip announced plans to double the capacity

The Eversiiiaii Manufacturing com- 9f Its renery at Blnmgs’ _MOnt" glvmgof Denver Mervin Land Plane it a daily throughput of 32,000 barrels.

eem'p-any’ Weedlgnda Cent; Soil Mover The company also will construct a $30-

efmery xpcmslon and Pipe Line Planned

The eight-iiich products line should becompleted by next fall and the reneryexpansion by the middle of 1964. Theexpanded renery will have new unitsfor reforming, desulphurization, dehu-

Columbus Nebr and Deere mile products pipe line from Billings tanization, depropanization, fractioiia-& eempeny Meline In imve outlets to southern Wyoming. Estimated cost tion, and alkylation and it will have a

E 5 '9 1 1 0 1 -

in the Red River valley, with farni-size of the Pro-lect ls $l5’000’0O0'lend_leveng and drainage equipment Continentatwill be in a position when

available. Also, there are dirt-moving the constmctlon ls completed to tap

Cirbotol unit. Montana and Wyomingcrude oils are processed at Billings.

Brill said recently that “when com-eemreeters in the area market expansion throughout the Rocky pleted, the project will increase employ-

mountain area, as the new pipe line ment in the Billings area and help' will be routed through Casper to Sin- satisfy adeciency in gasoline and heat-

PlYWOOd PIOCGSS ll‘I1pl’OV9d clair, near Rawlins, where it will tie inAt L R ' P with the existing Pioneer system, which

S egl? ‘ant reaches Salt Lake City. Continental hasA new meehme, ealled 3 PTe'PTe55= the possibility of tying also to the Wyco

stalled at the plywood plant of the St. lino’ at Casper, for movement of its

in fuels currentl existin in the mark-_g Y geting region.”

Found Fungicides FeasibleRegls PaPer e°mPa")'- at OlYmPl1‘= products south as far as Denver, and of fOl' Wheat RUST c0l1lI'0lWash., reduces the number of panels allowing products from Casper to moverejected. Fitted into the production line ll"-ough its lino to Sinolainjust after the plant’s glue spreaders, it Wyoo is owned by tho Standard Oilgives l°°5elY assembled Pleees °f Ve‘ company (Indiana), Texaco lnc., andneer a cold press for two minutes, thus the Mobil Qil company’ all with re-

maklug 3 Pa"el for the "ext 5teP—a hot neries in Casper. Pioneer is owned byPre55- “Fold backs” and 5llPPage are Continental and Sinclair Rening com-

Control of stem rust and leaf rust onwheat was achieved with two applica-tions per season of fungicides in testsconducted at the Minnesota Experimentstation, in St. Paul. Between 1958 and1962, increases per acre varying from

reduced N9 addlllenal members ‘ll llle pany. Continental officers have made no fix lanld three-tenshs ?tfha bushel 3° 24§2i(‘Yew are required mention of a deal with W)'co. but the

possibility is apparent.'|5Q,QQQ'Bu5|-|e|s of Justin, Continental is one of the top market-

, , ers in the Rocky mountain states andSupenor wheat! Avalluble Continental Vice President K1 W.i_Brill,

Ahundred and fty thousand bushels Of De"Ve1‘- hae stated that the R°ekYof ]ustin wheat, a new hard red spring mountain area “is PT°beblY the °I1lYvariety from the North Dakota Agi'icul- One Where market needs lu5tlfY exPa“'tural Experiment station, are available Sien-”for planting in 1963. Justin is said to Engineering will start immediately onbe better than other varieties now in the project, and construction contractsuse in the spring wheat area. will he awarded as soon as possible.

V

AMONG A SEA OF POTHOLES last spring in the Red River valley the occasionalwell-drained land stuck out like a sore thumb. The fully prepared land in the fore-ground, above, is an example. Compare it with the soggy area on the opposite page.

THE NORTHWEST. Jnnuary-February, 1963 M;

)tlS ies compare w untreate grainwere obtained. It required about fivebushels to pay for the chemicals and thelahor, which came to a total of $9 anacre.

Nickel sulfate with dithiocarbonatecontrolled rust. A material with a tradename, Maneb, an inhibitor, also wasused, as was a combination of Maneband nickel sulfate. called Dithane S-31.

Heretofore, rust-controlling fungicideshave been economically infeasible. Mak-ers of the materials used in recent re-search have submitted their ndings tothe ll. S. Food and Drug administra-tion, and none will be available untilapproval is obtained from that body.lf federal sanction is forthcoming, itmay not be early enough for use of the

chemicals in 1963.

‘kitDuring 1961 more big game was tak-

en by hunters in 16 national forests ofeastern Washington, northern Idaho,Montana and western Dakota than inany previous year for which records areavailable. Results of a survey releasedrecently show that hunters in these for-ests in 1961 killed 17.280 white-tail deer,51.962 mule deer, 20.876 elk, 649 moose,552 goats and 112 mountain sheep.

15

, 1A New Way to Ship Lumber on Rails Cuts Down Unloading Time

Collaboration between the TomlinsonLumber company, Duluth, Minn., andthe Northern Pacic brought about anew way of moving lumber.

An experimental load of 33.970pounds received recently from a Tom-linson mill in Idaho by the ThompsonLumber company, in Minneapolis, wasunloaded at the destination in 30 min-utes by two men using a heavy lift truck.This was the equivalent of one manhour of labor. compared with 36 manhours required to accomplish the sameresult bv other methods.

One of the railway company’s 53-footbulkhead flatcars was equipped by theMarine lron S; Shipbuilding company.in Duluth, with a steel A-frame thatruns the full length of the middle of the A CARLOAD WEIGHINC 83,970 POUNDS was unloaded at Thompson Lumber com-oor of the Steel cables from pan)", in Minneapolis, recently in 30 minutes by two men using a heavy lift truck.able clamps attached to A-frame mem-bers are wrapped over the top of a com-pleted load. They are tightened by small"at('het'tYPe “’i"cl“35 located at each Side car with the result that the load tiltsof the °°1'- from each side toward the A-frame in

The trial load consisted of kiln-dried the center.2x6’s in six strapped bundles of 16 foot- The car was viewed recently in Min-lengths, four bundles 14 feet long and neapolis railroad yards by 100 or moretwo bundles 12 feet long. Polyethelene lumber dealers who were in the city tocovered the bundles at the top of the attend the annual convention of theload. Northwestern Lumbermen’s association.

\

The material had been moved from a lumber mill of the Tomlinson Lumber company.

Wedges are used on the oor of the -T M

THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY

Return Requested

r. _ W

ST. PAUL I, MINNESOTA