npptl year month day initials branch overview of niosh-approved respiratory protection devices

NPPTL Year Month Day Initials BRANCH

Overview of NIOSH-Approved Respiratory Protection Devices


Respirator Types

Air Purifying Respirators

Purify contaminated air by filtration, absorption or chemical reaction to make it suitable for breathing.

Air Supplying Respirators

Provides breathing gas from a source independent of the surrounding/contaminated atmosphere.


Respirator Facepieces

The respirator normally attaches to the wearer with a facepiece, although there are also other connections such as mouth-bit, hoods or helmets

The type of facepiece affects how well the respirator seals against the wearer’s face which, in turn, relates to inward leakage in negative pressure phases


Respirator Types

Air Purifying Respirators – Non-powered and Powered Air Purifying

Particulate Filtering

Gas / Vapor Removing

Combination Gas/Vapor and Particulate Filtering


Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Air-Purifying Respirators

• Non-powered – tight fitting Filtering Facepiece

Mouth-bit

Quarter Mask

Half Mask

Full Facepiece

• Powered Air Purifying Respirator – can be tight or loose fit Half Mask

Full Facepiece

Hood

Helmet


Filtering Facepieces


Half Mask Air-Purifying Respirator

Facepiece

Air-PurifyingElement Exhalation

Valve

Inhalation Valve

Headbands


Full Facepiece, Air-Purifying Respirators (Single Cartridge)

Facepiece

Air-PurifyingElement Exhalation Valve

Inhalation Valve

Eyepiece

Air DirectingInlet


Full Facepiece Powered, Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR)


Loose-Fitting Helmet with PAPR

Circular PerforatedAir Diffuser

Adjustable Collar

Hood andCape

Metal Helmet

FlexibleTube


Filters for Particles

Types of particulates

Dusts - solid particles usually generated by mechanical stress

Fumes - solid particles generated by condensing a gas or by chemical reaction, usually refers to metals

Mists - suspended liquid droplets


Particulate Removal Mechanisms

Electrostatic - the particle carries an electrical charge while the fibers of the filter have been enhanced to carry the opposite electrical charge, thereby making the particle attracted to the fibers.

Mechanical - the particle is physically stopped and held by the fibers of the filter.


Respirator Efficiency

Particulate filters are classed as N, R, or P combined with 95, 99, or 100

N - Not resistant to oil mist

R - Resistant to oil mist

P - Protective against all particulates

95, 99, 100 - approximate filter efficiency against 0.3 micron particles

P100 particulate filters capture 99.97% of 0.3 micron particles


NIOSH approval is issued for classes of gases and vapors

Organic vapors

Acid gases

Cartridges and Canisters for Gases and Vapors (cont.)


NIOSH approval is issued for specific gases

Ammonia

Methylamine

Chlorine

Sulfur Dioxide

Hydrogen Chloride

Hydrogen Sulfide

Formaldehyde

And others

Cartridges and Canisters for Gases and Vapors


Labels are color-coded

Organic vapors – Black

Acid gases – White

Organic vapors and Acid gases – Yellow

Ammonia and Methylamine – Green

Any other gas or vapor not listed - Olive

P100 – Magenta

Identification of Cartridges and Canisters


Always read the NIOSH Approval Label to verify that the cartridge

or filter on your respirator is approved for the contaminant in

the work place!


Example of a NIOSH Approval Label


Respirator Types

Air Purifying Respirators

Purify contaminated air by filtration, absorption or chemical reaction to make it suitable for breathing.

Air Supplying Respirators

Provides breathing gas from a source independent of the surrounding/contaminated atmosphere.


Respirator Types Air Supplied Respirators

Continuous flow

Pressure Demand

Abrasive Blast

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

Self-Contained Self Rescuer

CDC User

JK note: Not sure what david means here with this comment (in green)


Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Continuous Flow Air-Supplying

Respirators

• Can be tight-fitting or loose-fitting

Quarter Mask

Half Mask

Full Facepiece

Hood

Helmet

• May incorporate a filter for entry and egress


Continuous Flow Air-Supplying Respirators


Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Pressure Demand Air-Supplying Respirators

• Must be tight-fitting

Half Mask

Full Facepiece

• May incorporate a filter for entry and egress


Pressure Demand Air-Supplying Respirators


Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

• Must be tight-fitting. Only Full Facepiece can be approved.


Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus


Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Self-Contained Self Rescuer

• Most, if not all, Self Rescuer units are mouth-bit respirators


Self-Contained Self Rescuers


Regulatory Requirements

The selection, use, and maintenance of respirators in the US is regulated by

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)


Respirators must be used when effective engineering controls are

not feasible or while they are being instituted.

Usage of Respirators


Respirator Selection Factors

Use conditions (e.g. grinding, using jackhammer, asbestos or lead abatement, painting)

Contaminant type (known or unknown)

Physical/chemical/toxicological properties of contaminant

Occupational exposure limits (e.g. OSHA, PEL, NIOSH, REL)

Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration


Respirator Selection Factors

• Oxygen deficient atmosphere (<19.5% O2 by volume)

• Entry or escape

• Expected concentration of each respiratory hazard

• Eye irritation potential

• Environmental factors, such as presence of oil aerosols


Assigned Protection Factors Assigned Protection Factors (APFs) are the metric

for determining respirator performance on the worker

APFs can be thought of as multiples of the occupational exposure limit (OEL) or fractions of the contaminated atmosphere: for an APF of 10, the respirator would protect against 10 times the OEL or expose the worker to 1/10 of the contaminated atmosphere

APFs assume the worker will have a fit factor 10 times the APF to allow for variations in donning


Assigned Protection Factors

The APF is determined based on the leakage of the face seal, penetration through the filter, penetration or leakage from other sources, and a statistical determination to protect 95% of users

The leakage from the face seal is additive to penetration from the filter


OSHA Assigned Protection Factors

OSHA determines assigned protection factors for respirators


Respiratory Protection Program A complete written program which includes

Maintenance, inspection, cleaning, storage and evaluation of the respirator

Use of the respirator in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions

Fit testing

Regular worker training

Medical evaluation

Environmental monitoring


Thank you

Visit Us at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/ppt/

Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any

agency determination or policy.


Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.

National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory626 Cochrans Mill Road

Pittsburgh PA 15236(412) 386-4000

www.cdc/gov/niosh/npptl

National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory626 Cochrans Mill Road

Pittsburgh PA 15236(412) 386-4000

www.cdc/gov/niosh/npptl

npptl year month day initials branch overview of niosh-approved respiratory protection devices

Documents

respirator facepiece

inlet slide

air supplying respirators

egress slide

respirators papr slide

contaminated air

particulate filtering

facepiece hood helmet