NP49 Mediterranean Pilot Volume VRECORD OF AMENDMENTS
The table below is to record Section IV Notices to Mariners amendments affecting this volume. Sub paragraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user when making amendments to this volume.
Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV)
2006 2007 2008 2009
IMPORTANT − SEE RELATED ADMIRALTY PUBLICATIONS This is one of a series of publications produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office which should be consulted by users of Admiralty Charts. The full list of such publications is as follows:
Notices to Mariners (Annual, permanent, temporary and preliminary), Chart 5011 (Symbols and abbreviations), The Mariner’s Handbook (especially Chapters 1 and 2 for important information on the use of UKHO products, their accuracy and limitations), Sailing Directions (Pilots), List of Lights and Fog Signals, List of Radio Signals, Tide Tables and their digital equivalents.
All charts and publications should be kept up to date with the latest amendments.
NP 49
MEDITERRANEAN PILOT
VOLUME V
Coasts of Libya, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon and Syria, South coasts of Greek islands
from Kríti to Ródos and Turkey with the island of Cyprus.
NINTH EDITION 2005
ii
Crown Copyright 2005
To be obtained from Agents for the sale of Admiralty Charts and Publications
Copyright for some of the material in this publication is owned by the authority
named under the item and permission for its reproduction must be obtained from the owner.
Area formerly covered by Mediterranean Pilot Volume II:
First published 1877. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Edition 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Edition 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Edition 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mediterranean Pilot Volume V:
First published 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Edition 1925. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Edition 1937. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Edition 1950. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fifth Edition 1961. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sixth Edition 1976. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sixth Edition (Revised) 1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seventh Edition 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eighth Edition 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
PREFACE
The Ninth Edition of Mediterranean Pilot Volume V has been revised by Lieutenant Commander P. Jordan, Royal Navy and T.C. Harrison, Master Mariner and contains the latest information received by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the date given below. Information received or assessed after that date will be included in Admiralty Notices to Mariners where appropriate. If in doubt, see The Mariner’s Handbook for details of what Admiralty Notices to Mariners are and how to use them.
This edition supersedes the Eighth Edition (2002), which is cancelled.
Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided by the Met Office, Exeter.
The following sources of information, other than United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:
Greece
Charts
Turkey
Other publications
Greek Waters Pilot (9th edition) 2004, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited) Turkish Waters and Cyprus Pilot (6th edition) 2001, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited) Fairplay Ports and Terminals Guide 2005−2006 The Statesman’s Yearbook 2005 Ports of the World 2005 Port Handbooks produced by Port Authorities
Dr D W Williams United Kingdom National Hydrographer
The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Admiralty Way Taunton Somerset TA1 2DN England 17th November 2005
iv
PREFACE to the Seventh Edition (1999)
The Seventh Edition of Mediterranean Pilot Volume V has been prepared by Captain K.J. Bolden, Master Mariner, and P.C. McManaway, Master Mariner, and contains the latest information received by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the date given below.
This edition supersedes the Sixth Edition 1976 (Revised 1988) and Supplement No 4 (1997), which are cancelled.
Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Bracknell.
The following sources of information, other than United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:
Greece
Charts
Turkey
Other publications
Greek Waters Pilot (7th edition) 1998, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited) Turkish Waters and Cyprus Pilot (5th edition) 1997, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited) Fairplay Ports Guide 1999/2000 Lloyds Maritime Guide 1999/2000 The Statesman’s Yearbook 2000 Ports of the World 1999 Encyclopaedia Britannica Port Handbooks produced by Port Authorities
J.P. Clarke CB LVO MBE Rear Admiral Hydrographer of the Navy
The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Admiralty Way Taunton Somerset TA1 2DN England 2 December 1999
v
CONTENTS
Pages Preface iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preface to the Seventh Edition (1999) iv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Explanatory notes vii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations ix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary xi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index chartlets facing 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 1
Navigation and regulations Limits of the book (1.1) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traffic and Operations (1.2) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charts (1.9) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aids to navigation (1.13) 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radio facilities (1.16) 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulations (1.26) 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signals (1.49) 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distress and rescue (1.51) 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Countries and ports Libya (1.63) 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Egypt (1.71) 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Greece (1.79) 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turkey (1.88) 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyprus (1.97) 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syria (1.106) 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lebanon (1.115) 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Israel (1.123) 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal ports (1.131) 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port services — summary (1.132) 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural conditions Maritime topography (1.135) 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Currents and tidal streams (1.138) 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea level and tides (1.143) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea and swell (1.145) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea water characteristics (1.148) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate and weather (1.152) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climatic tables (1.172) 33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.194) 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 2
Coast of Libya — Ra’s Adjir to Ra’s al Muraysah 59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 3
Coasts of Libya and Egypt — Ra’s Muraysah to Tel Rafah 95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 4
South coasts of Greek islands from Kríti to Ródos — Ákra Kriós to Ákra Voúdhi 129. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 5
South coast of Turkey — KadÝrga Burnu to Antakya Körfezi 143. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 6
Cyprus 181. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 7
Coasts of Syria, Lebanon and Israel — Antakya Körfezi to Tel Rafah 207. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISTANCES TABLE
INDEX
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 150 gt or more. They amplify charted detail and contain information needed for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intended to be read in conjunction with the charts quoted in the text.
This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years, without the use of supplements. In addition important amendments which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of such amendments and notices in force is published quarterly. Those still in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
CD−ROM
Status. A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements of Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and should only be used in conjunction with the paper publication and any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any discrepancy exists between data on the CD and in the paper publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive of amendments) is to be relied upon.
Disclaimer. Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of production, it has not verified the data for navigational purposes and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for navigation. The use of the CD for this purpose is at the user’s own risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or personal injury caused by the negligence of the UKHO) whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not arising out of any negligence on the part of the UKHO in respect of any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in the means of distribution.
Conditions of release. The material supplied on the CD−ROM is protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the UKHO. The copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold or distributed or commercially exploited in either an original or derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For the avoidance of doubt, the supplied material, its derivatives and its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a computer accessible to Third Parties whether via the Internet or otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies that the UKHO will supply further material.
References to hydrographic and other publications
The Mariner’s Handbook gives general information affecting navigation and is complementary to this volume.
Ocean Passages for the World and Routeing Charts contain ocean routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastal passages.
Admiralty List of Lights should be consulted for details of lights, lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this volume.
Admiralty List of Radio Signals should be consulted for information relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of pilotage services, radar beacons and radio direction finding stations, meteorological services, radio aids to navigation, Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly referred to in this volume.
Admiralty Maritime Communications is a comprehensive guide on all aspects of maritime communications for the yachtsman and small craft user. It provides general information on Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), the management of VHF, Maritime Safety Information, NAVTEX, Inmarsat and Radio Facsimile, and detailed information and procedures for marinas and harbours used by small craft.
Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners contains in addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments and notices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages and navigational warnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise areas.
The International Code of Signals should be consulted for details of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker signals as well as international flag signals.
Remarks on subject matter
Buoys are generally described in detail only when they have special navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too small to show all the details clearly.
Chart index diagrams in this volume show only those Admiralty charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area. Mariners should consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications for details of larger scale charts.
EXPLANATORY NOTES
viii
Chart references in the text normally refer to the largest scale Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be quoted where its use is more appropriate.
Firing, practice and exercise areas. Submarine exercise areas are mentioned in Sailing Directions. Other firing, practice and exercise areas maybe mentioned with limited details. Signals and buoys used in connection with these areas maybe mentioned if significant for navigation. Attention is invited to the Annual Notice to Mariners on this subject.
Names have been taken from the most authoritative source. When an obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in brackets following the proper name at the principal description of the feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned.
Tidal information relating the daily vertical movements of the water is not given; for this Admiralty Tide Tables should be consulted. Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are mentioned.
Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the event being described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving time which may be kept.
Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks are relatively permanent features having significance for navigation or anchoring.
Units and terminology used in this volume
Latitude and Longitude given in brackets are approximate and are taken from the chart quoted.
Bearings and directions are referred to the true compass and when given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000° (North) to 359° Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object. Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen from the vessel. Courses always refer to the course to be made good over the ground.
Winds are described by the direction from which they blow.
Tidal streams and currents are described by the direction towards which they flow.
Distances are expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile.
Depths are given below chart datum, except where otherwise stated.
Heights of objects refer to the height of the object above the ground and are invariably expressed as “... m in height”.
Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted in Admiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, “an elevation of ... m”. However the elevation of natural features such as hills may alternatively be expressed as “... m high” since in this case there can be no confusion between elevation and height.
Metric units are used for all measurements of depths, heights and short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to, these latter units are given in brackets after the metric values for depths and heights shown on the chart.
Time is expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of local time kept will be found in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.
Bands is the word used to indicate horizontal marking.
Stripes is the word used to indicate markings which are vertical, unless stated to be diagonal.
Conspicuous objects are natural and artificial marks which are outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner over a large area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in bold capitals and may be marked “conspic”.
Prominent objects are those which are easily identifiable, but do not justify being classified as conspicuous.
ix
System
°C degrees Celsius CALM Catenary anchor leg mooring CBM Conventional buoy mooring CDC Certain Dangerous Cargo CVTS Co−operative Vessel Traffic System
DF direction finding DG degaussing DGPS Differential Global Positioning System DW Deep Water DSC Digital Selective Calling dwt deadweight tonnage DZ danger zone
E east (easterly, eastward, eastern, easternmost) EEZ exclusive economic zone ELSBM Exposed location single buoy mooring ENE east-north-east EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon ESE east-south-east ETA estimated time of arrival ETD estimated time of departure EU European Union
feu forty foot equivalent unit fm fathom(s) FPSO Floating production storage and offloading
vessel FPU Floating production unit FSO Floating storage and offloading vessel ft foot (feet)
g/cm3 gram per cubic centimetre GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GPS Global Positioning System GRP glass reinforced plastic grt gross register tonnage gt gross tonnage
HAT Highest Astronomical Tide HF high frequency HMS Her (His) Majesty’s Ship hp horse power hPa hectopascal HSC High Speed Craft HW High Water
IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
IHO International Hydrographic Organization IMO International Maritime Organization ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone
JRCC Joint Rescue Co−ordination Centre
kHz kilohertz km kilometre(s) kn knot(s)
kW kilowatt(s)
Lanby Large automatic navigation buoy LASH Lighter Aboard Ship LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide LF low frequency LHG Liquefied Hazardous Gas LMT Local Mean Time LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LOA Length overall LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LW Low Water
m metre(s) mb millibar(s) MCTS Marine Communications and Traffic Services
Centres MF medium frequency MHz megahertz MHHW Mean Higher High Water MHLW Mean Higher Low Water MHW Mean High Water MHWN Mean High Water Neaps MHWS Mean High Water Springs MLHW Mean Lower High Water MLLW Mean Lower Low Water MLW Mean Low Water MLWN Mean Low Water Neaps MLWS Mean Low Water Springs mm millimetre(s) MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity MRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre MRSC Maritime Rescue Sub-Centre MSI Marine Safety Information MSL Mean Sea Level MV Motor Vessel MW megawatt(s) MY Motor Yacht
N north (northerly, northward, northern, northernmost)
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Navtex Navigational Telex System NE north-east NNE north-north-east NNW north-north-west No number nrt nett register tonnage NW north-west
ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System
PEL Port Entry Light PLEM Pipe line end manifold POL Petrol, Oil & Lubricants PSSA Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas
RCC Rescue Co−ordination Centre RMS Royal Mail Ship RN Royal Navy Ro-Ro Roll−on, Roll-off RT radio telephony
ABBREVIATIONS
x
S south (southerly, southward, southern, southernmost) SALM Single anchor leg mooring system SALS Single anchored leg storage system SAR Search and Rescue Satnav Satellite navigation SBM Single buoy mooring SE south-east SPM Single point mooring sq square SS Steamship SSE south-south-east SSW south-south-west SW south-west
teu twenty foot equivalent unit TSS Traffic Separation Scheme
UHF ultra high frequency UKHO United Kingdom Hydrographic Office
ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier UN United Nations UT Universal Time UTC Co-ordinated Universal Time
VDR Voyage Data Recorder VHF very high frequency VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier VMRS Vessel Movement Reporting System VTC Vessel Traffic Centre VTMS Vessel Traffic Management System VTS Vessel Traffic Services
W west (westerly, westward, western, westernmost) WGS World Geodetic System WMO World Meteorological Organization WNW west-north-west WSW west-south-west WT radio (wireless) telegraphy
xi
GLOSSARY
Arabic (A), Greek (G), Hebrew (H), Italian (I) and Turkish (T) terms and words found on charts and in the Sailing Directions.
Foreign word Language English meaning Foreign word Language English meaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
abiad, abyad, abyadh A white. . . . . . . . . ada T island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adalar T islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adasi T island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . agam H lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aÔiz T mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ahmar A red (masculine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ain, ‘ain A spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ak T white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ákra G cape, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . akrópolis G citadel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . akrotírion G promontory, cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aktí G shore, coastline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alikí G saltpans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alamet T beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ámmos G sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . angáli G bight, open bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . angirovólion G anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aswad A black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . al A the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anak, a’naq A cliff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . arish, arisha A dune. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . apováthra G landing place, wharf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . avathí G shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ayía, áyioi, áyion, áyios, ayíou G saint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . áyiso T saint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bab A narrow strait, gate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bahr, bahra A river, lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . baia I bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . baidº, bºdiya A desert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . balad A town, village, land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . balçrk T clay, mud, silt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . banchina I quay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . banco, banchi I banks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bati T west, west wind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bataÔi, batak, T swamp, marshland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bataklik, batakliÔi T swamp, marshland,. . . . . . . . . . . .
quicksand behira A lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be’er H well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bet H house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . biºr, bir A wells, well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bizza H marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boÔaz T strait, channel, estuary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boghaz, bøghºz A entrance channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . bu (abbrev. abø) A father, chief. . . . . . . . . . . . bucak T creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . buÙeiret, buhireh A lake, marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . bük, bükü T creek, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . burj A tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . burun T point, cape, headland, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
promontory burnu (abbr. −br) T point, cape, headland, . . . . . . . . . . . .
promontory büyük T great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
calata I wharf, unloading quay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . çamur T mud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . capo I cape, headland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . casa I house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . casino I country house, club. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . castel, castello I castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cattedrale I cathedral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . çay, çayi T river, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . chersónisos G peninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . collina I hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . collinette I small hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . çorak T marsh (salt). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
daÔ T mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dahl A bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daram H south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daram−ma’arava H south−west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . daram−mizrah H south−east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . demiryeri T anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . deniz, denizi T sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dere T valley, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dhíavlos G strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dhiékplous G passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dhióriga, dióryga G canal, channel. . . . . . . . . . . . dhiórix G canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . döküntü T reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
el A the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘emeq H valley, plain, basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . even H stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ’ez H tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
fanale I light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fanâr A lighthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fanós G light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fáros G lighthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . forte I fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fortino I small fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . froúrio, froúrion G fort, stronghold. . . . . . . . . . . . .
gadol H great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gâmi‘ A mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . garb, garp T west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gasr A castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gebel A hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gera A lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . geziret, gezira A island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gharb A west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ghubbet A bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . giv’at H hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glóssa G tongue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . göl T lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . golfo I gulf, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gremnós G cliff, precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gurup T west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hajar A stone, rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . halat A drying sandbank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hamrº A red (feminine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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hashafet A rocks in water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hassar, hissar A rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . har H mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hazaz H gravel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hisar T castle, fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hof H coast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hol H sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hursha H wood (trees). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I H island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iç T inner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ífalos, −oi G below−water reef, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . íformos G roadstead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ikhthiotropío G fishery, fishing stakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ípsome G height (elevated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ground) ísplous G entrance (for vessels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ’ir H town, city. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . irmak, irmagÝ T river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . isola I island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . isolotto I islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . isthmós G isthmus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jam, jºme A mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jabal A mountain, hill, island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . janub A south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jazirat A island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jebel A mountain, hill, island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jøn A bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kaba T gravel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kabir A big. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kafr A village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kalat A castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kale, kalesi T castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kapi T gate, pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kara T black, land, mainland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kasba A citadel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kástro, kástron G castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . katafanís G conspicuous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kávo, kávos G cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kefalí G head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kefar H village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kefr A village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kelat A castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kenesiyya H church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . khalîg A gulf, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . khánia G village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . khashm A spur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . khersínisos, khersónisos G peninsula. . . . . . . . khóra, khorío, khoríon G village. . . . . . . . kible T south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kibli A south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kilise T church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kimatothrávstis G breakwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kÝrmÝzÝ, kÝzÝl T red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . klímax G scale (of chart). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kólpos G gulf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kôm A mound, hillock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . körfezi T cove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . korifí, korfí G peak, summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kothon A port, anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . koltuk T creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . köprü T bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . köfez T bay, gulf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . koy T bight, cove, creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . köy T village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
koyu T deep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . krímnos G cliff, precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kücük T small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kulat A castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kum T gravel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kule T tower, spire, peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
levkós, −í, −on G white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . liman, limanÝ, limenári T bay, harbour, port. . . . . . . . liménas G harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limenískos G small harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limín G see liménas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . límni G lake, marsh, −i, −on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limnothálassa G lagoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lodos T south−west wind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lófos, −i G hill, low ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ma’arava H west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ma’gana H anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . maghreb, maghrub A west. . . . . . . . . . . mallâÙet A salt marsh, flat or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lake márabút, marabout A monument, tomb. . . . . . . . . . . marina I beach, landing place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marsa A bay, cove, harbour, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anchorage maîabb A river mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . masjid A mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . matla A east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mávros, −i, −on G black. . . . . . . . . . . . . ma’yanot H springs (of water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . médene, manºra,
manºr A minaret. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . megálos, −i, −on G big. . . . . . . . . . . . mendirek T mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mercan T coral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mers, mersa A bay, cove, harbour, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anchorage mezah H jetty, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mezuda H fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mifraz H bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . migdal H tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . migdallor H lighthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mikrós, −í, −ón G small. . . . . . . . . . . . . mîna, mØnº’, minat A harbour, bay. . . . . . . . . . minare T minaret. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . minqar A point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mirjan A coral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . misgad H mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mishor H plain, plateau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mizrah H east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . molo I breakwater, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mólos G mole, breakwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . monastírion G small monastery, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
church moní G monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . montagna I mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . monte I mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
naÙl H river, stream, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . watercourse
nahr A river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . namal H harbour, port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . natur A tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nabi, nebi A tomb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nehir, nehri T river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . niîan T beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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nisí, −iá G island, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nisída, nisídha, −ídhes G islet, −s. . . . . . . . nisís G see nisídha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nísos, −oi G island, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nord I north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nótos G south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nuovo I new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
oasi I oasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ormískos G cove, small bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . orman T forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . órmos, −i G bay, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . óros, −i G mountain, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ova T plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pedhiás G plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . peráma G ferry, passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pétra G rock, stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pirsós G beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pólis G city, town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . póros G passage, sound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . porthmós G narrows of a strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . potamós G river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . poúnda G point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . poyraz T north−east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prokimáia G mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . provlítas (provlís) G pier, wharf. . . . . . . . . . . . punta I point, summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pürgos (pírgos) G tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
qalaat A castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qanât A canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qasr A castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qatan H small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qornet A peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rada I road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ra’s, ras A cape, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . raïØf A mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . révma G current, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ríax G brook, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ridotto I redoubt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rocca I rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rosh H cape, headland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ruzgar T wind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sabakat, sabkhat, A salt lake, lagoon,. . . . . . . . . . . . . or marsh
sabbia I sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saghira A small, little. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saiyid A lord, master (title of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
descendants of the Prophet and Saints)
sakije A canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . samandira T buoy, float. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sancak T flag, district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saray T palace, court. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sarây A palace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sarÝ T yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sark T east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sarki T eastern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sarp T cliff, steep, rough, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rocky, stony seghir A small, little. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scogliera I ridge of rocks awash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scoglio I rock, reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sébcha, sebkha A salt lake, lagoon,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . or marsh
sebchet I salt marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . secca I reef, sandbank, shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . secche I group of shoals, reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . segnale I signal, mark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sehir T city, town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sela‘ H rock in water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . set T mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shab, sha’b A rock, reef, rocky shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shamºl A north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shark A east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shatt A bank, beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sherm, sharm A cove, creek, inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shi’b A rock, reef, rocky shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shimºl, shmal A north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sidi A lord, master (title of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
descendants of the Prophet and Saints)
siÔlÝk T bank, shoal, shallow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sÝmal T north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . simandír G buoy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sirocco I south−east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . siyah T black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skála G small port, berth, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
landing skópelos, −i G rock, −s (which cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
and unccover) stavrós G cross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stenó, stenón G strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . su T water, stream, river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sud I south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ïukhûr A reefs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
òâbiyet A fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tabya T battery, earth−work, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bastion tall, tºlia A hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tallet A mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . taraf, tarf A cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel H hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . télma G swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . teloníon G custom house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tell A hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tepe T hill, tumulus, peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thálassa G sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . topuk T bar of a river, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sandspit torre I tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tranós G large. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
uad A valley, river bed, river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uadi I valley, river bed, river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . umm A mother. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vathís, −ía, −í G deep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vecchio I old, ancient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vilayet T province, district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vorrás G hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vounó G hill, mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vráchoi, vrákhoi G rocks (above and . . . . . . . . . . . . .
below water) vrachónisis G rocky island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vrakhonisídha, −ídhes G rocky islet, −s. . . . . . . . . vrakhonisís G see vrakhonisídha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vrákhos, −oi G rock −s (above water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wºd, wadi, wed A valley, river bed, river. . . . . . . . . . . . .
GLOSSARY
xiv
xéra G reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ya’ar H forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yam H sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yar T cliff, precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yol T channel, road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
üfalos, −i G reef, −s, shoal, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zafon H north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zafon−ma’arava H north−west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . zafon−mizrah H north−east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zuq H cliff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROMANIZATION SYSTEM FOR ARABIC BGN/PCGN 1956 System
This system was adopted by the BGN in 1946 and by the PCGN in 1956 and has been applied in the systematic romanization of geographical names in Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen, all of which have been covered by published BGN gazetteers. Uniform results in the romanization of Arabic are difficult to obtain, since vowel points and diacritical marks are generally omitted from both manual and machine writing. It follows that correct identification of the words which appear in any particular name, knowledge of its standard Arabic−script spelling including proper pointing, and recognition of dialectal and idiosyncratic deviations are essential. In order to bring about uniformity in the Roman−script spelling of geographical names in Arabic−language areas, the system is based insofar as possible on fully pointed modern standard Arabic.
CONSONANT CHARACTERS
Final Medial Initial Independent
Final Medial Initial Independent
GLOSSARY
xvii
GLOSSARY
xviii
ROMANIZATION SYSTEM FOR GREEK ELOT 743 System BGN/PCGN 1996 System
This romanization system supersedes the one which was approved by the BGN and the PCGN in 1962. It corresponds to the system devised by the Greek Organization for Standardization and approved for international use at the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names in 1987.
Greek Romanization Examples
L I B Y A
A
30°
31°
32°
33°
34°
35°
36°
37°
20°
20°
21°
21°
22°
22°
23°
23°
24°
24°
1439
3403
18
1205
Malta
2
2
Surt
G u l f o f S i r t e
L I B Y A
T S
U N
I I
A
S E M E D I T E R R A N E A N
NP 45 MEDITERRANEAN PILOT
Mediterranean Pilot Vol V
18° 19°
Beyrouth (Beirut)
Saïda (Sidon)
L E
B A
N O
(B ûr S
Continued on Index Diagram
Mersa Ma∑rûÚ
Mînâ' Du ym ât. S E M E D I T E R R A N E A N
Darn ah
(D ern
1439
180
3681
36791091
1092
1099
1055
1054
3680
236237
2074
2574
3400
3401
1205
30°
31°
32°
33°
34°
35°
36°
37°
30°
29°28°
LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPERTAINING TO NAVIGATION
While, in the interests of the safety of shipping, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in its hydrographic publications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood:-
(a) that no liability whatsoever can be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and
(b) that publication of details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition of the international validity of the law or regulation.
MEDITERRANEAN PILOT
VOLUME V
CHAPTER 1
NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS
Chart 4302 Area covered 1.1
1 This volume contains Sailing Directions for the E part of the Mediterranean Sea within the following limits:
Lat N Long E
From Ra’s Ajdir 33°10′ 11°34′ NNE to 34°00′ 12°00′ Thence E to 34°00′ 18°22′ Thence N to 37°45′ 18°22′ Thence ESE to 36°10′ 22°15′ Thence S to 35°30′ 22°15′ Thence ESE to 35°05′ 23°20′ Thence NE to Ákra Kriós 35°14′ 23°35′ Thence E along the spine of Kríti to Ákra Trákhilas, the SE point of Kríti
35°02′ 26°14′
Thence ENE to Ákra Khélathros, the S point of Kásos, excluding Stenó Kásou
35°20′ 26°53′
Thence NE along the spine of Kásos to Ákra Aktís, the NE point of Kásos
35°26′ 27°01′
Thence ESE to Ákra Kastéllos, the S point of Kárpathos, excluding the passage between Kásos and Kárpathos
35°24′ 27°08′
35°28′ 27°14′
Thence NE to Ákra Prásson, the SW point of Ródos, excluding Stenó Karpáthou
35°53′ 27°45′
Thence NE along the spine of Ródos to Ákra Voúdhi, the E point of Ródos
36°23′ 28°15′
Thence ESE to 36°20′ 28°23′ Thence N to 36°43′ 28°23′ Thence WNW to KadÝrga Burnu, excluding Rhodes Channel and approaches
36°44′ 28°18′
Thence E and S within the coast of Turkey, S within the coast of Syria, SSW within the coasts of Lebanon and Israel, and W within the coast of Egypt to Port Said (Bûr Sa‘îd), excluding Suez Canal
31°16′ 32°19′
Thence W within the coasts of Egypt and Libya to Ra’s Ajdir
33°10′ 11°34′
Egypt 1.2
1 There are Vessel Traffic Management Systems in operation at El Iskandarîya (Alexandria) (31°10′N 29°50′E) (3.83), Mînâ’ Dumyâó (Damietta Port) (31°29′N 31°45′E)
CHAPTER 1
2
(3.172) and Port Said (Bûr Sa‘îd) (31°16′N 32°19′E) (3.188).
Fishing 1.3
1 During certain seasons of the year large fishing nets, known as madragues or tonnara, are moored in places off the coast of Libya for the purpose of catching tunny fish. The nets, which should be avoided, may be found as many as 5 miles or more offshore.
2 Tunny fisheries are marked by the shapes and lights (Diagram 1.3) shown from boats or floats moored seaward of the central outer portion of the main nets or the return, whichever extends further, at a height of at least 5 m above the sea.
Tunny fisheries − signals (1.3)
3 Tunny nets which do not extend more than 1½ cables from the coast, and which are not placed in a position traversed or frequently anchored in by shipping, are exempt from showing the prescribed night signals.
4 Off the coast of Tripolitania (1.63) practical difficulties may temporarily prevent the proper marking of tunny fisheries and may affect their dimensions and position. Generally, such fisheries are allotted an extent of water measuring about 3 miles on its front, 5½ miles on its W side and 5 cables on its E side. When these nets are laid out, in order to avoid the possibility of fouling them, vessels should keep at least 6 miles from the coast and exercise great caution when entering or leaving a port.
Marine farms 1.4
1 Marine farming equipment may be encountered in many of the bays and inlets in the area covered by this volume. The approximate position of known farms is shown on the charts; however, development has been rapid and marine farms can be quickly established or moved without any warning. Marine farms, which may be fixed or floating structures, are usually fixed to the seabed by a spread of anchors which can be extensive. The position of anchors, where used, may be marked by buoys.
2 Caution. Mariners are cautioned to avoid areas of marine farms, and to note that their presence has rendered many hitherto accepted anchorages either unsuitable or limited in swinging space.
Exercise areas
Firing practice and exercise areas 1.5
1 Naval exercises and firing practices take place from time to time in certain areas. The areas are mentioned in the relevant geographical chapters. Warnings of firing practices and exercises are promulgated either by local notices to mariners, coast radio stations, or both.
For general information on such areas see Annual Notice to Mariners No 5.
Submarine exercise areas 1.6
1 Submarines may exercise in the area covered by this volume. Notice of exercises is given only in exceptional circumstances and therefore all vessels should keep a good lookout for submarines.
The Mariner’s Handbook and Annual Notice to Mariners No 8 give general information on the characteristics of submarines and visual signals used to denote their presence.
Marine exploitation Oil and gas fields 1.7
1 Oil rigs and platforms may be encountered off the coasts of Libya, Egypt and Israel. Production platforms and associated structures including tanker moorings, storage tankers and platforms on pipelines, generally exhibit morse (U) lights, aircraft obstruction lights and sound fog signals. These installations are usually protected by safety zones which may extend up to 500 m from their outer edges.
2 Vessels must be navigated with caution when passing close to offshore installations and structures.
Pipelines 1.8
1 Mariners are advised not to anchor or trawl in the vicinity of pipelines. Gas from a damaged oil or gas pipeline could cause an explosion, loss of a vessel’s buoyancy or other serious hazard. Pipelines are not always buried and may effectively reduce the charted depth by up to 2 m. They may also span seabed undulations and cause fishing gear to become irrecoverably snagged, putting a vessel in severe danger. See Annual Notice to Mariners No 24 and The Mariner’s Handbook.
CHARTS
Admiralty charts 1.9
1 British Admiralty charts covering the area of this volume are adequate for use on passage and for entering the principal ports and harbours.
Charts of Greek and Turkish coastal waters have been compiled mainly from Greek and Turkish government charts and from earlier British surveys. In other areas the charted information has been derived from British surveys, French, Italian, United States, Israeli and Egyptian government charts, and other sources.
Foreign charts 1.10
1 Charts of Greek and Turkish coastal waters and ports are published by the Greek and Turkish Hydrographic Services respectively. The charts may be obtained from the publishing authorities listed below and in the Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications; they are not issued by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office nor are they corrected by Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
2 Publishing authorities: Greek charts: Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service, TGN 1040, Athínai, Greece. Turkish charts: Seyir, Hidrografi ve Oîinografi Dairesi BaîkanliÔi, Çubuklu 81647, stanbul, Turkey.
CHAPTER 1
Greek orthography 1.11
1 The names on Greek charts published prior to 1985 were given in Katharévousa, but on Greek charts dated after 1985 names may be found in either Katharévousa or Demotikí (see Languages at 1.85). Where names in Demotikí are available they have been transliterated into Roman letters and used in this volume, and, as opportunity offers, will be included on Admiralty charts.
2 A further complication is introduced by the fact that in accordance with international agreement a revised system of transliteration (ELOT 743) has been adopted for use with Greek geographical names, and British Admiralty charts and publications are incorporating the resulting changes as opportunity provides.
3 As a result of these ongoing changes, there may be discrepancies between some names on the charts and those in this volume; for example, the Greek word for “islet” may appear as Nisís, Nisídha or Nisída.
Datums 1.12
1 Vertical. The datum mainly used on charts is that of the country whose waters the chart covers.
Horizontal. The datum mainly used is that of the country whose waters the chart covers. Older charts are based on local datums. Some modern Admiralty series charts of the area are now based on the World Geodetic System (1984) Datum.
2 Most charts carry a note referring to the shift to be applied to satellite derived positions before they are plotted. In the absence of such a note it should not be assumed that such a shift is negligible.
Differences in graduation may be apparent when transferring positions from one chart to another. When in doubt it is advisable to transfer positions relative to common charted features rather than to geographical co−ordinates.
AIDS TO NAVIGATION
1 Navigational lights are the responsibility of the appropriate national authorities.
Major lights are those with a nominal range of 15 miles or greater.
Light−structures only are described in the body of this book. For further details of the lights, see Admiralty List of Lights Volume E.
Landmarks 1.14
1 Caution is necessary when evaluating the descriptions given in this volume concerning landmarks, such as trees, and the colour and shape of buildings etc. New buildings may have been erected and old trees or houses destroyed, so that marks, which may at one time have been conspicuous on account of their isolation, shape or colour, may no longer exist or may now be difficult to identify.
Buoyage 1.15
1 IALA Maritime Buoyage System Region A (red to port) applies throughout the area covered by this volume. However, mariners are advised that some buoys and beacons may not conform to the IALA system. For details
of the system see IALA Maritime Buoyage System and The Mariner’s Handbook.
RADIO FACILITIES
General 1.16
1 For full details of radio stations, broadcasts, navigation systems and facilities see the relevant volumes of Admiralty List of Radio Signals.
Satellite navigation systems 1.17
1 Global positioning system. The Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS), a joint military and civil satellite navigation system owned and operated by the United States Department of Defense, provides world wide position fixing.
The system is referenced to the datum of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) and therefore positions obtained must be adjusted, if necessary, to the datum of the chart being used.
2 Global Navigation Satellite System. The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) is similar to GPS in that it is a space−based navigation system which provides world wide position fixing.
The system is referenced to the Soviet Geocentric Co−ordinate System 1990 (SGS90) and as for GPS positions must be adjusted, if necessary, to the datum of the chart being used.
3 DGPS. Differential GPS compares the position of a fixed point, referred to as the reference station, with positions obtained from a GPS receiver at that point. The resulting differences are then broadcast as corrections to suitable receivers to overcome the inherent and imposed limitations of GPS.
4 Caution. Satellite navigation systems are under the control of the owning nation which can impose selective availability or downgrade the accuracy to levels less than that available from terrestrial radio navigational systems. Therefore satellite based systems should only be utilised at the user’s risk.
For full details of these systems see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.
Other radio aids to navigation 1.18
1 Racons are to be encountered throughout the area covered by this volume.
Radio navigational warnings
NAVAREA III warnings 1.19
1 The area covered by this volume lies within the limits of NAVAREA III. Details of warnings and a list of those in force are issued by the Co−ordinator NAVAREA III, Instituto Hidrografica de la Marina, Cadiz, Spain. NAVAREA III warnings are broadcast through:
a) National coast radio stations. b) SafetyNET (Enhanced Group Calling International
SafetyNET).
Coastal navigation warnings 1.20
1 Warnings are broadcast in English and national languages through national coast radio stations.
CHAPTER 1
Local warnings 1.21
1 Local warnings cover the area within the limits of jurisdiction of a harbour or port authority and may be issued by those authorities. They may be issued in the national language only and supplement the coastal navigational warnings by giving information which the ocean−going ship may normally not require.
Radio weather services
METAREA III warnings/bulletins 1.22
1 The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has established a global service for the broadcast of high seas weather warnings and routine weather bulletins, through the Enhanced Group Calling International SafetyNET Service. METeorological service AREAS (METAREAS) are identical to the 16 NAVAREAS within the World−Wide Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS).
2 Each METAREA has a designated National Meteorological Service responsible for issuing high seas weather warnings and bulletins. The designated authorities are not necessarily in the same country as the NAVAREA co−ordinators. Weather Warnings and routine bulletins are broadcast through:
3 a) National coast radio stations. b) SafetyNET (Enhanced Group Calling International
SafetyNET).
Meteorological broadcasts by radio−facsimile 1.23
1 The area covered by this volume lies within the radio−facsimile broadcast coverage area of national coast radio−facsimile stations.
National weather services 1.24
1 National weather warnings and weather bulletins are issued through national coast radio stations.
Radio medical advice 1.25
1 Mariners may obtain medical advice by radio through the International Radio−Medical Centre (CIRM) in Rome.
REGULATIONS
Submarine cables and pipelines 1.26
1 Mariners are warned that every care should be taken to avoid anchoring or trawling in the vicinity of submarine cables or pipelines.
See The Mariner’s Handbook for information on the International Convention for the Protection of Submarine Cables, together with advice on the action to be taken in the event of fouling a cable or pipeline.
Pollution 1.27
1 General information. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 was adopted by the International Conference on Marine Pollution
convened by IMO in 1973. It was modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto and adopted by the International Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention convened by IMO in 1978. The convention, as modified by the protocol, is known as MARPOL 73/78.
2 The Mediterranean Sea is defined as a Special Area for the purpose of the Convention. MARPOL 73/78 and Annexes are described in detail in The Mariner’s Handbook.
Regulations — Libya Caution 1.28
1 Vessels not complying with Libyan regulations when within Libyan territorial waters will be subject to punitive penalties. For limits claimed see 1.64.
Advance information 1.29
1 Vessels bound for any Libyan port must inform the appropriate port authority or agent in Libya, after leaving the last port of call, giving the following information:
Vessel’s name, call sign and nationality. Name and address of the owner. Name and nationality of the master. Number of crew and any passengers. Gross tonnage. Cargo type and quantity. Destination port. Expected duration of stay in the port. Date of arrival (ETA).
2 Vessels must then contact the nearest Libyan coast radio station 24 hours before arriving at one of the Approach Reporting Points (1.30), confirming the above, and in addition supply the following information:
Position, speed and course at that moment. Approach Reporting Point to be used. Sea state. Vessel’s condition.
3 Flags. When in Libyan waters vessels must display their national flag, and at the foremast the Libyan flag.
Approach Reporting Points 1.30
1 The Libyan authorities have stated that all vessels making for Libyan ports must pass through one of the following designated Approach Reporting Points:
Destination Approach point(s)
Zuwºrah (Zuara) (2.33) 33°03′N 12°15′E ®arºbulus (Tripoli) (2.51) 33°00′N 12°58′E
33°05′N 13°04′E 33°07′N 13°10′E 33°05′N 13°19′E
Qaîr AÖ,mad (2.108) 32°34′N 15°16′E Ra’s Lºnøf (2.150) & Gulf of Sirte 32°43′N 19°06′E Marsá al Burayqah (El−Bréga) Oil Terminal (2.171)
32°43′N 19°06′E
Az ZuwaytØnah (Ez Zueitina) Oil Terminal (2.189)
32°43′N 19°06′E
BanghºzØ (2.211) 32°03′N 19°50′E 32°09′N 19°49′E 32°17′N 19°53′E 32°20′N 20°06′E
CHAPTER 1
5
Darnah (Derna) (2.248) 32°58′N 22°42′E ®ubruq (Tòbruch) (2.267) 32°10′N 24°02′E Al Khums (Homs, Khoms) (2.90) Range of 12 miles
Az Zºwiyah Oil Terminal (2.41) Range of 12 miles
2 On arrival at an approach point vessels must report their position, course and speed to the appropriate port authority.
Radio communication 1.31
1 Within Libyan territorial waters all vessels must maintain communication with Libyan coast radio stations and keep continuous watch on VHF. For the correct VHF channel on which to call individual ports see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6 (3).
Anchoring 1.32
1 Ships may anchor only in the anchorage areas shown on the charts. All vessels must anchor as instructed by the port authority, and must not shift berth except on the instruction of the port authority.
Pollution 1.33
1 Refuse and contaminated water must not be dumped. See also information at 1.27.
Movement between ports 1.34
1 Permission must be obtained before proceeding from one Libyan port to another.
Regulations — Egypt 1.35
1 Permission to enter Egyptian waters must be requested from the Egyptian authorities 48 hours prior to arrival.
ETA should be confirmed at least 24 hours in advance, giving last port of call, position, course and speed.
2 Radio communication must be established with Port Authorities when within 24 miles of the coast in order to receive entry instructions.
On passage vessels should keep at least 12 miles off the Egyptian coast by day, and at least 24 miles off at night.
Regulations — Greece
Fortified areas 1.36
1 Severe penalties may be imposed on persons found taking photographs or collecting hydrographic information within 10 km of a Greek naval or military fortified area. Where these regulations apply in the vicinity of prohibited areas, they may be applicable outside those areas or within channels passing through the areas.
Regulations — Turkey
Diving restrictions 1.37
In order to protect underwater cultural and natural conditions, Turkish authorities have prohibited diving in certain areas. The areas concerned are described in local orders and official advice must be sought before any diving takes place.
Regulations — Syria
Advance information 1.38
1 Vessels bound for Syrian ports are required to communicate the following information, through a Syrian coast radio station, when within 50 miles of the Syrian coast:
Ship’s name, and former name, if any. Nationality.
2 Type of vessel. Position and time. Route and speed. Port of destination.
Arrival information 1.39
1 Entry. When entering Syrian territorial waters vessels should pass the following information to the appropriate pilot−station or signal tower:
Ship’s name. Nationality. Nature of cargo. ETA at the waiting area.
2 Flags. When in Syrian waters vessels must display their national flag and the Syrian flag.
Use of radio. Unauthorised use of radio in Syrian ports or anchorages is prohibited.
Regulations — Lebanon
Approved ports 1.40
1 Only certain ports within Lebanon are approved for use by ships commercially. Ships attempting to enter other ports will be formally banned and severely penalised. The approved ports are:
Trâblous (Tripoli) (7.74). Joûnié (Juniye) (7.113). Beyrouth (Beirut) (7.124). Saïda (Sidon) (7.155) and ZahrºnØ (Sidon) Oil
Terminal (7.162). Sour (Tyr) (7.176).
2 In addition certain private and specialised ports such as Chekka (7.100) and Sel’ata (7.105) are also approved.
Ports are open to traffic during the following periods: Beyrouth — 24 hours. Trâblous, Saïda and Sour — between 0500 and
2000 hours. Passage between the above ports is limited between
0500 and 2000 hours.
Entry 1.41
1 All vessels entering Lebanese territorial waters should obtain permission to enter from the Maritime Chamber 24 hours in advance, through the agent.
Also, all vessels should call Beyrouth Port Control during the daytime only, on VHF, to request permission to enter Lebanese territorial waters.
For details of reports to be made and information required see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6 (3).
Navigation 1.42
1 Vessels must approach approved ports by the recognised sea lanes where they will be subject to control by the maritime and customs authorities before continuing to legal ports of destination. The sea lanes for the ports of
CHAPTER 1
Trâblous, Beyrouth, Saïda and Sour are established as follows:
2 Entry should be carried out by navigating on a course of 090° within a lane not exceeding 3 miles opposite the relevant port.
Exit should be carried out by navigating on a course of 270° within a lane not exceeding 3 miles opposite the relevant port.
Passage between these ports should be carried out within Lebanese territorial waters at a distance of about 3 and 12 miles off the coast.
Regulations — Israel
Chart 2634 Routes 1.43
1 The Israeli authorities advise vessels approaching the Israeli coast to do so only through the approach routes shown on the chart. Coasting traffic is strongly advised to use the coastal route shown on the chart.
Vessels navigating in Israeli territorial waters are advised not to exceed a speed of 15 kt.
Advance information 1.44
1 All vessels bound for Israeli ports must report to Israeli Ministry of Transport (IMOT) through ¯efa (Haifa) coast radio station when 100 miles from the Israeli coast.
For details of the information required in the report see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6 (3).
Winter restrictions 1.45
1 Any vessel bound for an Israeli port shall not be permitted to enter Israeli Territorial Waters from 1 November to 30 April if by certification she is constrained by sea state, wind force, maximum distance from land, port of refuge or length of voyage.
Prohibited areas 1.46
1 Certain areas off the Israeli coast are closed to navigation. These areas are described in the body of the book.
Pollution reporting 1.47
1 All vessels navigating in Israeli waters must report any dangerous occurrences, strandings, and possible incidents of pollution, to the Maritime and Coastal Anti−pollution Division, via ¯efa (Haifa) coast radio station.
Ballast water 1.48
1 In order to prevent the import of non−native aquatic organisms into the waters of the ports of Israel from ships’ ballast water discharges, all ships destined for Israeli ports must exchange any ballast water that has not been taken from an open ocean.
2 The best method of protecting harbour waters from foreign organisms that may exist in the ballast water collected in foreign harbours and near shore areas is for the ballast water to be exchanged in open ocean, beyond any continental shelf or fresh water current effect.
3 For vessels calling at Israeli Mediterranean ports, ballast exchange must be carried out in the Atlantic Ocean when practicable. Vessels failing to comply with this procedure will not be permitted to pump out their ballast water during
their stay in the port or while navigating along the coast of Israel.
4 A record of the location, date and time of the ballast water exchange should be entered in the ship’s log book, or in other suitable documentation, such as an official ballast water record book. Masters of vessels will be requested to provide ship inspectors (pilots) with a completed ballast water exchange report.
SIGNALS
National
Greece and Turkey 1.49
1 Greek and Turkish warships, submarines and aircraft use signals and instructions similar to those described in Annual Notices to Mariners Nos 5 & 8.
Syria 1.50
Sound signal Light signal Meaning
Six short blasts Six flashes (from foremast)
Attacked by thieves
Six long blasts Six long flashes Fire on board or alongside
Two long blasts Two long flashes Serious injury
Four long blasts Four long flashes Stranding
DISTRESS AND RESCUE
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 1.51
1 The Global Maritime Distress System (GMDSS) enables Search and Rescue authorities on shore, in addition to shipping in the immediate vicinity of a vessel in distress, to be rapidly alerted to an incident so that assistance can be provided with the minimum of delay. The sea area covered by this volume lies within the Search and Rescue Regions of Libya, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon and Israel.
2 Details of the GMDSS and the associated coast radio stations are given in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 5 and Volume 1 (1).
Automated Mutual−assistance Vessel Rescue system 1.52
1 The Automated Mutual−assistance Vessel Rescue (AMVER) system, operated by the United States Coast Guard, is an international maritime mutual assistance organization which provides important aid to the development and co−ordination of search and rescue efforts in many offshore areas of the world. Participation in the system is voluntary.
2 Details are given in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 1 (1).
Rescue services
General 1.53
1 For information on Rescue Services see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 5.
CHAPTER 1
Libya 1.54
1 Coast radio stations at ®ubruq (Tòbruch) and BanghºzØ maintain a continuous listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Egypt 1.55
1 The Ministry of Defence Cairo is responsible for search and rescue in Egyptian waters. The rescue service consists of a Joint Rescue Co−ordination Centre at Cairo and a Maritime Rescue Co−ordination Centre, for the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, at El Iskandarîya (Alexandria). A network of coast radio stations maintain a continuous listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Greece 1.56
1 The overall authority for search and rescue in Greek waters is the Safety of Navigation Division, Ministry of Merchantile Marine Hellinic Coastguard, Piraeus. Search and rescue within the area covered by this book is delegated to the following two Maritime Rescue Co−ordination Sub−Centres of the Maritime Search and Rescue Region of Greece:
2 Rescue Co−ordination Sub−Centre Khaniá covering the coast of Crete.
Rescue Co−ordination Sub−Centre Ródos covering the coasts of Kásos, Kárpathos and Ródos.
A network of coast radio stations maintain a continuous listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Turkey 1.57
1 Search and rescue within the area covered by this book, which lies within the Maritime Search and Rescue Region of Turkey, is the responsibility of the Maritime Rescue
Co−ordination Centre Mersin. Three Maritime Rescue Co−ordination Sub−Centres are also established at Marmaris, Antalya and skenderun. A network of coast radio stations maintain a continuous listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Cyprus 1.58
1 Search and rescue in Cypriot waters is the responsibility of the RCC Larnaca. Cyprus operates a maritime radio service which maintains a continuous listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Syria 1.59
1 For Syrian waters the General Director of Ports in Al LºdhiqØyah (Lattaquié) is responsible for co−ordinating search and rescue operations. A network of coast radio stations maintain a continuous listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Lebanon 1.60
1 The Lebanese Navy, with a Rescue Co−ordination Centre at Beyrouth (Beirut), is responsible for search and rescue in Lebanese waters. Lebanese Naval Bases and the coast radio station at Beyrouth maintain continuous listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Israel 1.61
1 The Israeli Navy and Air Force are responsible for search and rescue in Israeli waters. The Rescue Co−ordination Centre is based at the Israeli Navy and Air Force Headquarters and is reached through ¯efa (Haifa) Radio, which is one of a network of radio stations on the Mediterranean coast of Israel maintaining a continuous listening watch on international distress frequencies.
CHAPTER 1
General 1.62
1 For details of claimed territorial and fishing limits see Annual Notice to Mariners No 12.
LIBYA
General description 1.63
1 Libya or LØbiyº, officially known as Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya or SPLAJ, lies between Tunisia and Egypt. The country has an estimated area of 1 759 540 sq km, and a coast about 1100 miles in length between its W and E boundaries.
2 The country is divided into the provinces of Tripolitania, in the NW, Cyrenaica, in the NE, Fezzan, in the SW, and Kufra Oasis, in the SE.
®arºbulus (Tripoli) (32°54′N 13°11′E) (2.51) is the capital of the country, and BanghºzØ (32°07′N 20°03′E) is the second city.
National limits 1.64
1 Libya claims territorial waters of 12 miles. In addition, all waters S of 32°30′N in Gulf of Sirte are claimed as Libyan internal waters.
History 1.65
1 In ancient times the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals and Byzantines ruled all or parts of Libya.
In the seventh century the Arabs conquered Libya, and in succeeding centuries most of the people adopted Islam and the Arabic language and culture.
In the sixteenth century the Turks conquered the country, which remained a part of the Ottoman empire until invaded by Italy in 1911 after which it became an Italian colony.
2 In 1943, during the course of the Second World War, the Italians were expelled from Libya. Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were then placed under British, and Fezzan under French, administration.
In 1951 Libya became an independent, sovereign, federal kingdom which lasted until 1969 when the king was deposed by a group of army officers.
Government 1.66
1 Libya is an Islamic Arabic Socialist “Mass State”. Government is effected by popular assemblies (Basic
Peoples’ Congresses). There are about 2000 of these assemblies. From these assemblies Peoples’ Committees are appointed to carry out policy and to deal with provincial and urban affairs, being responsible to 26 municipality Peoples’ Congresses. All these Congresses and Committees provide delegates for a General Peoples’ Congress, which is the highest policy making body in the country. The heads of the government departments which carry out national policy are chosen by the General Peoples’ Congress.
2 For administrative purposes the country is divided into 13 regions.
Population 1.67
1 In 2000 the population of Libya was estimated to be 5.3 million.
Languages 1.68
Physical features 1.69
1 Hilly areas with elevations of 900 m lie in the N of the country, S of ®arºbulus and E of BanghºzØ, and another hilly area lies in the S and SW of the country; between these lie barren rock−strewn plains and vast sand seas. Except for scattered oases, only the narrow coastal strip and the slopes of the N hill areas are suitable for cultivation.
Industry and trade 1.70
1 The principal industries are the production of crude oil and refined products, food processing, textiles and handicrafts.
Agricultural products include wheat, barley, olives, citrus fruits, dates, peanuts and livestock.
The principal export is crude oil. Other exports include esparto grass, wool, carpets, dates, sponges, tunny fish and olive oil.
EGYPT
General description 1.71
1 Egypt, officially called Arab Republic of Egypt and known to the Egyptians as Miîr, lies between Libya and Israel and extends S to the parallel to 22°N. The total area of the country is 997 739 sq km, but the cultivated and settled area comprising the Nile valley, delta and oases covers only 35 189 sq km.
2 El Qâhira (Cairo) (30°00′N 31°20′E) is the capital city.
National limits 1.72
1 Egypt claims territorial waters of 12 miles and an exclusive economic zone of 200 miles. For further details see Annual Notice to Mariners No 12.
History 1.73
1 After the collapse of the last pharaonic dynasty in 525 BC, Egypt suffered a succession of foreign invaders. A vassal of the Persian empire at the time of Alexander’s invasion in 332 BC, the country was linked thereafter with the Hellenistic civilizations of the Mediterranean for thirteen centuries.
In 1798 the French under Napoleon invaded Egypt, but were forced to withdraw by the British, in alliance with the Ottoman Turks, after only three years. In the wake of the French departure, Mohammed Ali, an Albanian officer in the Turkish army, emerged as ruler of the country.
2 Following the Arabi Revolt of 1879–1882, the British occupied the country and remained de facto rulers for the next 40 years. In 1922 Egypt became an independent kingdom. In 1952 King Farouk was deposed and the country became a republic.
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9
In 1956 Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal. This resulted in Britain, France and Israel joining forces to attack Egypt until forced by the United Nations and the USA to withdraw.
3 A United Arab Republic, consisting of Egypt and Syria, was formed in 1958. This lasted until Syria left in 1961. Egypt kept the name United Arab Republic until 11th Septembe