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Characteristics of successful

places.

‐ Qu: How did Gentrification kill Alex Nieto? 17/10/16C/W

Starter: Brainstorm the characteristics of 'successful' regions?

Aim: To be able to outline the characteristics of successful areas and with a named example (San Francisco), evaluate the impacts of such success.

High rates of employment

High inward migration

Low levels of multiple deprivation

High property prices

High levels of investment (inc FDI)

Large numbers of jobs in the knowledge economy (quaternary/quinary)Sound infrastructure

High gross regional product (like GDP but calculated regionally).

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places.High rates of employment























:

1/2

33

4

5

67 + 10/118/9 + 13

8/9 + 13

Highlight and number your copy

10/11

7 + 10/11

12

12

13

13

14

ContextEconomic and social inequalities affect people's perceptions of places and therefore how easy it is to engage people in the regeneration process. Often inequality and poverty rise and fall together. However, inequality can be high in places without high levels of poverty due to a large difference between incomes. Even successful places have pockets that need regenerating. Perception is a vital part of people's lived experience and affects how they engage with their place. It varies between individuals and groups and depends on factors such as age, social class, ethnicity and overall quality of life. These factors may be real or imagined. People may have mainly positive or negative views about their place. In successful places, the perception of residents may differ according to the type and position of people and their needs and aspirations. Some 'successful' places may at first not appear to be in need of regeneration. This can in part be because they already benefit from the constant renewal and improvement of infrastructure and the living environment as part of cumulative causation. But where inequalities exist, such perceptions can lead to areas being neglected. Some 'players' and pockets within these successful places may be in desperate need of regeneration as even successful places have a dark side.

Context

Context

Context

Economic and social inequalities affect people's perceptions of places and therefore how easy it is to engage people in the regeneration process. Often inequality and poverty rise and fall together. However, inequality can be high in places without high levels of poverty due to a large difference between incomes. Even successful places have pockets that need regenerating. Perception is a vital part of people's lived experience and affects how they engage with their place. It varies between individuals and groups and depends on factors such as age, social class, ethnicity and overall quality of life. These factors may be real or imagined. People may have mainly positive or negative views about their place. In successful places, the perception of residents may differ according to the type and position of people and their needs and aspirations. Some 'successful' places may at first not appear to be in need of regeneration. This can in part be because they already benefit from the constant renewal and improvement of infrastructure and the living environment as part of cumulative causation. But where inequalities exist, such perceptions can lead to areas being neglected. Some 'players' and pockets within these successful places may be in desperate need of regeneration as even successful places have a dark side.



Theory

Areas become successful through a multiplier effect known as cumulative causation. This is usually triggered by new industry (and often FDI from TNCs) which attracts employees and a host of supporting companies such as those involved with supplies, infrastructure and leisure.

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Areas become successful through a multiplier effect known as cumulative causation. This is usually triggered by new industry (and often FDI from TNCs) which attracts employees and a host of supporting companies such as those involved with supplies, infrastructure and leisure.









Any similarities?

Tasks:Read the handout and answer the following questions:

1. How do places become 'successful'? You should refer to cumulative causation in your answer...but not exclusively.

2. What industry are successful places in the 21st Century based upon?

3. Why do perception and lived experience mean that what is a successful place to one individual will not be to another?

4. Outline the downside to successful places.Extension:5. Why are successful places good for governments?

Successful PlacesOverview

Some parts of a country are highly desirable and attract inward migration sometimes internationally but more typically from elsewhere in the country. The M4 corridor in the UK, San Francisco in the USA and Sydney in Australia are all common examples. Success is either due to market forces, as places compete in our globalised world, and/or from government led regeneration policies. Success is often explained by a process of cumulative causation triggered by new industry and often a TNC. This attracts employees and a host of supporting companies such as those involved with supplies, infrastructure and leisure. Successful places are characterised by large numbers of jobs in the knowledge economy (quaternary/quinary). Most knowledgeeconomy employers are 'footloose' they are not tied to raw materials, so they can locate anywhere. It is therefore no surprise that successful regions often have a pleasant environment and were somewhat desirable prior to the present economic boom going on there.

Benefits

The many benefits of these changes often mean that these places typically have low levels of multiple deprivation, and benefit from the constant renewal and improvement of infrastructure and the living environment.

Regions perceived as successful tend to be self sustaining as more people and investment are drawn to the opportunities created, both from inside the country and from other places. There is usually a high gross regional product and wages are often higher than other regions .

Perception and Lived Experience

The perception of residents in successful places may differ according to the type and position of people, their lived experience of the place and their need and aspirations:• Younger people in highearning jobs will enjoy the fast pace of life and plethora of

opportunities offered by cities such as London and Manchester. Unskilled people , lower earners and the long term unemployed will have more negative views about their quality of life in a successful place. Their lived experience is far from successful.

• Retirees may view places offering a slower pace of life with pleasant climate, sheltered accommodation and good access to healthcare as successful e.g. Torquay in Devon. Younger adults may wish to escape such places.

• Most will view the quality of environment in rural places positively, since on the whole it is higher than urban places.

Negatives

All is often not as rosy as it seems in these 'successful' regions with overheated property prices, congestion of roads and public transport, and skills shortages being common issues. Over time, the variety of jobs created in successful urban places can result in a twotier economy with the risk that many workers in less wellpaid jobs will be out priced by the housing market, when high demand leads to high property and cost of living. This can lead to conflict between different 'players' within the place. To alleviate high prices, building more affordable housing may be necessary.

Equally there may be a skills shortage with insufficient trained workers to do the quaternary and quinary jobs required by the new growing economy. This can also be seen across the UK in the sectors of IT, technology, creative, finance , engineering, plumbing, building and caring. This reflects a history of low take up educationally in these subjects, past government restrictions on skilled immigrants and, in London, inflated living costs. Solving these issues requires investment in training or recruitment of workers from oversees or other regions.

Named example San Francisco

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPmJY5MSy6U http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business25976110

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUEfALDfgl0

Tasks:1. Watch these three videos. Take notes on:

a.). How SF became successful. Include PSI. b.) The problems this has led to

2. Read the Handout and take notes under the same two headings.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpmjy5msy6u

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25976110

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruefaldfgl0

So...did Gentrification kill Alex Nieto?

http://www.democracynow.org/2016/4/12/death_by_gentrification_alex_nieto_killed

Tasks:

1. Watch 5 mins of this clip from where it loads (4146 mins)

2. Read the handout on the next slide. Why is gentrification to blame for Alex Nieto's death?

http://www.democracynow.org/2016/4/12/death_by_gentrification_alex_nieto_killed

In 2014, in San Francisco, Alex Nieto, carrying a Taser for his shift as a bouncer, was shot repeatedly by four police officers, and died. None of the officers were indicted criminal charges stemming from his death; this month they were cleared in a civil case. The death of Nieto, as Rebecca Solnit writes in The Guardian, is a definitive mark of what the city’s become: historically a place of peace and reinvention, it is now a place where minorities, the working class, poor and homeless are no longer welcome in the city they helped create. Nieto, writes Solnit, “died because a series of white men saw him as a menacing intruder in the place he had spent his whole life.”

They thought he was possibly a gang member because he was wearing a red jacket. Many Latino boys and men in San Francisco avoid wearing red and blue because they are the colors of two gangs, the Norteños and Sureños – but the colors of San Francisco’s football team, the 49ers, are red and gold.

Nieto was not a gang member. He was a bouncer who had taken community college courses in criminal justice and interned with the San Francisco juvenile probation department. He was the child of two Mexican immigrants, a youth counselor as a teen and a Buddhist as an adult. He was active in his community with a good group of friends. But on the night of March 21, 2014, Nieto was viewed as an outsider by the white transplants who’d moved near his neighborhood park where he was trying to grab a snack. It all began when Nieto encountered a man named Evan Snow, who was walking his unruly Siberian husky puppy. Snow’s dog wanted Nieto’s chips and went for them, barking and howling while Snow testified in the recent civil trial that he was distracted by a woman “jogger’s butt.” Nieto had been backed on top of a bench by the dog and Snow said he pulled out a taser, a weapon used on his job as a bouncer, and pointed it at both the dog and Snow. But Snow still didn’t retrieve his dog. Instead, he yelled at Nieto.

As Nieto tried to calm down, two more men named Tim Isgitt and Justin Fritz passed him. They say they saw Nieto fidgeting “nervously.” Neither men saw the pup showdown, and had no context for his fright. Isgitt told others as they left the park to watch out for the nervous guy though Fritz didn’t notice anything odd, nor did another man named Robin Bullard, who said Nieto was just “sitting there.” Isgitt still urged his partner to call 911, and Fritz told the dispatcher there was a “foreign” “Hispanic” man with a black handgun in the park. When the dispatcher asked Fritz what Nieto was doing, he said “just pacing, it looks like he might be eating chips or sunflowers, but he’s resting a hand kind of on the gun.”Police arrived five minutes later, shooting Nieto upwards of 40 times after they say he pointed his weapon at them while presenting a threatening stance. They testified they were afraid for their lives; they thought the taser was a gun, despite the bright yellow strip along the taser’s side that differentiates it. The jury in the officers’ trial ruled in favor of them, not Nieto. Protests on the streets followed.Nieto’s murder is a reflection of how far San Francisco has come: from an allinclusive haven for weirdos to “a cruel place and a divided one,”. A wealthy enclave of those who describe Mission District natives as “possibly foreign” threats to their peaceful evening dog walk, and get those natives shot. As San Francisco has become more and more gentrified by an influx of 'foreign' wealthly white folk, the native population have now become the foreign outcasts. They can't afford the rent and are looked upon as outsiders in their own home. This is the dark side of San Francisco's success. Gentrification may not have directly been responsible for killing Alex Nieto, but the social changes it has brought were.

Did Gentrification Kill Alex Nieto?

Plenary

1. What are the characteristics of successful areas?

2. How did San Francisco become successful?

3. What have been the downsides of San Francisco's success?

4. How did Gentrification kill Alex Nieto?

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