nova free spring 2004 volume 13, no. 2...amherst, ns b4h 3z2 (902) 667-1888 eastern nova outdoor...

Nova Outdoors 1Spring 2004

VOLUME 13, NO. 2SPRING 2004FREE

WithMembershipSee Page 21

Random Casts

Gunning ForCommon-Sense

Legis lat ion

A Walk In The WoodsMailed under Canada Post

Publication Agreement No. 40050030

NovaOutdoorsOFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE NOVA SCOTIA FEDERATIONOF ANGLERS AND HUNTERS

Safety First T

his

Fishing Season

2 Nova Outdoors Spring 2004

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President’s Message

by Gary Penney ___________________________________ 4

Executive Director’s Voice

by Tony Rodgers __________________________________ 5

Letter To The Editor

______________________________________________ 6

Random Casts

by Don MacLean _________________________________ 7

Ribbons Of Green

by Bob Bancroft __________________________________ 8

Enjoy The Outdoors: Become A Campground Host

_____________________________________________ 10

Nova Scotia Salmon Association Offers

$5,000 Reward For Illegal Bass Dumping

_____________________________________________ 11

Gunning For Common-Sense Legislation

by Tony Rodgers __________________________________ 12

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

How The Firearms Act Applies To Me If I Own An Air Gun

_____________________________________________ 13

Family Discover Fishing Day 2004

_____________________________________________ 14

A Walk In The Woods

by Don Cameron _________________________________ 15

Cape Breton Highlands Trout Study

by Tara Crandlemre and John MacMillan ______________ 16

Specialist Publisher Offers Classic Books On Fly Fishing

_____________________________________________ 18

Government Finally Getting Lead Out

_____________________________________________ 19

Solar Sighting Contest

_____________________________________________ 19

Bottom Draw Facility For Goose Harbour Lake,

Guysborough County

_____________________________________________ 20

N.S. Federation of Anglers and Hunters Order Form

_____________________________________________ 21

To place your ad in the next issue (Summer, 2004) of Nova Outdoors,please call (902) 468-6112, or call Tony Rodgers of the

Nova Scotia Federation of Anglers and Hunters at (902) 477-8898.

Cover photo credit: A Red Fox, Courtesy of U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National Image Library.

SPRING 2004


NovaOutdoorsOfficial Publication of theNova Scotia Federationof Anglers and Hunters

Vol. 13, No. 2Spring, 2004

STATEMENTOF PURPOSE

Mailed under Canada PostPublication Agreement No. 40050030

Letters and/or contributionsmay be sent to the editor c/o:

Nova OutdoorsP.O. Box 44028, 1658 Bedford Hwy.,

Bedford, NS B4A 3X5Ph: (902) 468-6112

E-mail: [email protected]

Published quarterly by

Design and productionAngela Urquhart

David MullinsMaria Erman

The Nova Scotia Federation of Anglersand Hunters is interested in all aspects ofthe out-of-doors and is dedicated to thefostering of sound management and wiseuse of the renewable resources of theProvince. We want to ensure that theireconomic, recreational and aesthetic valuesmay continue for the benefit of this and allfuture generations.

Nova Outdoors is the registeredtrademark of Nationwide Promotions. Theopinions expressed in the magazine do notnecessarily represent the official views ofthe Nova Scotia Federation of Anglers andHunters nor its publishers. Nova Outdoorsis published quarterly and will be madeavailable free of charge to the membershipand selected retailers, government offices,libraries and other seasonal outlets.

Special thanks to our many contributorswho have assisted in this project - yourcontinued support will be appreciated.

We cannot be held responsible forunsolicited articles or advertisers claims.

Printed by

David BoutilierKen Landry

Ross McQuarrie

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President’s Message“Time marches on” and “time waits

for no one”, are two common sayings herein Nova Scotia, and are true to their

words. I findthese expres-sions particu-larly fitting as Inear the end ofmy second yearas president ofThe NovaScotia Federa-

tion of Anglers and Hunters. There areso many things needing to be done, andseemingly so little time to get them done,that sometimes one has to stop, look downand see which way the feet are pointingto know if we are stepping ahead or back-ward. Sometimes, it doesn’t hurt to takea step back, regroup, and then moveahead. You’re in trouble if one foot ispointing ahead, and one pointing backbecause then you are not going anywhereor doing anything.

Throughout the years, NSFAH hashad both feet firmly on the ground, point-ing in the same direction, making progressat improving conditions for wildlife andhabitat, promoting good management ofthe renewable resources, and education ofsafety and conservation. This is all madepossible through a province-wide supportof volunteers and members of NSFAHand its 36 affiliated clubs. From hunt-ing, fishing, trapping clubs, to all terrainvehicle clubs, to houndsmen and archeryclubs, and everything in between, includ-ing conservation officers and guides asso-ciations, the NSFAH represents a com-plete and comprehensive cross section ofexpertise in most all aspects of the out ofdoors environment, sports, and recre-ation, pertaining to wildlife and habitat.It is from this base of expertise, combinedwith factual information from biologistsand sound science, that decisions are madefor managing wildlife resources for futuregenerations. Often these decisions haveto be communicated and negotiated withgovernments for approval or implication,a responsibility the NSFAH performs onyour behalf.

Down through the years, NSFAHhas taken on many challenges of that par-ticular time; fish stocks, pollution, threat-ened water ways/wetlands, protected ar-eas, pouching, gun registration, and hunt-ing and trapping rights just to mention afew. Some of the challenges have achieveda resolve, while others are ongoing andwill be for some time, and will continu-ally be monitored and acted upon as nec-essary, by the NSFAH on your behalf andthat of wildlife and habitat conservation.With all that in mind, I believe that cur-rently the biggest challenge we have now,is the introduction of youth and partici-pants into the skill and sport of hunting,fishing and trapping. Without new en-trants into these activities, perpetuationof the sport and ultimately the care andmanagement of the renewable resourceswill deteriorate. It is the hunters, fishersand trappers that are the “watchdogs” ofthe environment and its wildlife. We havea history of invested resources and inter-est to ensure perpetuation of wildlife andhabitat for generations to come. For thisto continue, new entrants must be avail-able to pick up where others leave off.

In today’s changing and high tech so-ciety, there are many opportunities foryoung people, but few of these offer theskills, challenge and natural environmentof the out-of-doors like hunting, fishingand trapping. Those of us, still in thisfraternity, need to reach out and encour-age young people to give it a try, or atleast support programs that offer such op-portunities. Often, young people or po-tential participants of the sport, don’t havea parent, mentor, or means to be intro-duced to wildlife recreation. Thereforeprograms and volunteers must be pro-moted to attract interests of potential par-ticipants, and pass on the skills, experi-ence, and stories that are a natural part ofour heritage. I would agree with thosewho say it’s not the same today, “Wild-life and habitat” has changed, conditionsare different, regulations are complicated,Continued on page 7.


ExecutiveDirector’s Voice

ExecutiveDirector’s Voice

By Tony Rodgers

Fishing is on my mind a little morefrequently these days for a couple of rea-sons. Mainly because I know spring isn’tthat far away. I already had my fly vestout trying to determine what files I mustreplace from last year. You know thoseflies that were ripped from their leader bymonsters of the deep. I guess I shouldstop here and catch myself, or this wholecolumn risks being a piece of fiction.

The ice is still too thick to thinkabout serious fly fishing, but the time isalways right to get serious and think andtalk about Nova Scotia’s native fish.

It shouldn’t matter what type of fish-ing tackle you use personally when itcomes to protecting fish habitat and theindividual uniqueness of streams, lakesand rivers. All anglers, fly fishermen, baitfishermen or spinning gear, each of us hasa responsibility to the resource. The heri-tage of these special fishing places shouldbe as important to anglers as the oppor-tunity to fish them.

Nova Scotia is contemplating takinga giant step toward placing more of theresponsibility for the health of fish habi-tat in the hands of the anglers themselves.The province is being urged by the In-land Fisheries Advisory Committee, acommittee whose members come fromprovincial volunteer fishing groups, justlike you, to move forward with a requestto place a habitat stamp on all fishing li-censes to raise money for the resource.

The stamp would have a charge (notyet determined but somewhere about $2to $5) and like the Wildlife Habitatstamp, that’s currently attached to thehunting license, all the money collected

will be used to improve the conditions offish in Nova Scotia.

Anglers and hunters pay for wildlifeconservation anyway, that’s a fact, and youhave heard me say that many times. Manyother activities that people participate inrequire that people pay for the service theyreceive. Golfers pay memberships orgreen fees so that the condition of theirgolf habitat is maintained. Skiers pay lifttickets in order to have groomed trails aspart of their skiing habitat enhancement.So this new stamp will be a natural forus. After all $20.00 for 6 months of fish-ing compared to $40 for 6 hours of golf,it’s a no-brainer.

The hunting stamp brings in ap-proximately $125,000 annually on thecollection of the $2.00 stamp. Can youimagine what good we could good forfishing for an extra $5.00. Some peoplewill complain about the extra cost, andthat is the nature of the beast. But wedon’t live in a province where you haveto buy hunting and angling leases in or-der to participate either, so this really isvery little.

The fish habitat fund will be estab-lished in such a way that none of this newmoney will go into the general revenue ofthe province. A fund board will be set upthat will give weight to the number ofanglers who will be on the board. It’s onlyfair that the people who put the moneyin the pot should be the ones who decidehow it’s spent. This system has workedwell for the hunters for the past numberof years. So it can work for anglers.

That is just part of the activity aroundfish lately. The Atlantic Salmon Federa-tion and the local Nova Scotia chapter isagain calling on the federal governmentto establish a $30 to $50 million endow-ment fund for the Atlantic salmon in thewhole Atlantic Region.

The idea is that the governmentwould maintain its capital, but that groupsworking with the salmon will have theinterest dollars generated from the endow-ment to help fund projects.

It’s a simple concept and there is al-ready such an endowment fund on thewest coast for west coast salmon. The all

party Standing Committee on Fisheriesin parliament has endorsed the idea, it’sjust a matter of Hon. Geoff Regan, theminister of fisheries, pushing that agendaitem along. Mr. Regan is the minister forHalifax West, so if you know him, pleasepromote this idea.

Another fishy subject I would like tomention here is the introduction of non-indigenous species of fish into waterswhere they do not belong.

Some people have taken it uponthemselves to play God and are introduc-ing fish species into provincial watercourses that the fish were never in before.These shortsighted people are transferringsmallmouth bass and chain pickerel inparticular into lakes and rivers near theirown homes to help provide better fishingopportunity for their greedy selves.

Unfortunately, their fish have neverco-evolved with the existing fish species,and all hell breaks loose. The more domi-nate species, the introduced ones, canhandle warmer water and harsher condi-tions. They end up taking over the sys-tem and drive the native species out. Thisis not what nature intended. It is not re-versible.

Trout Nova Scotia is sweetening thepot for people who know of these selfishasses. They are offering a $5,000.00 re-ward to anyone able to provide informa-tion in the conviction of one of thesepeople. You will note that I have not re-ferred to these criminals as anglers or fish-ermen in these past paragraphs, becausethey are neither. They are pond scum.

Everybody has a cell phone these daysor at least one cell phone per fishing party.Lock in the Conservation Officers’ num-ber 1-800-565-2224 or Crime Stoppersat 1-800-565-8477. Get a boat number,car license number, anything that will leadpolice to these people illegally dumpingfish. It’s important that we all partici-pate in reporting poaching and other ille-gal activity like dumping fish because it isour resource. �

Tony Rodgers, Executive [email protected]

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Letter To The EditorSay It Isn’t So Ed!

I have always enjoyed reading thearticles that appear in each edition ofNova Outdoors. I am a long time mem-ber of the Nova Scotia Federation of An-glers and Hunters and a member in goodstanding of the Shelburne County Fishand Game Association. I have instructedthe Atlantic Provinces Hunter SafetyCourse for more than twenty years and Ihave been an instructor for The CanadianFirearms Safety Course for the past fif-teen years. So when I received my Win-ter 2003/04 copy of the magazine, the titleof Ed Coleman’s article “Tips on Upgrad-ing Your Firearms License” caught my eyeand I was looking forward to reading the“tips” Ed was going to share with us. Iwas disappointed to read that Ed’s tipsexplained how some firearms users couldavoid taking the Canadian Firearms SafetyCourse and qualify for a possession andacquisition license by means of the tele-phone version of the safety test. Now letme explain that I personally have no prob-lem with the telephone version of the test.I understand that it was designed to pro-vide a service for some individuals whomay not have an opportunity to actuallytake a course at their local communitycollege. What bothered me about thisarticle was Ed’s statement, “ … there’s noneed to apply for a Firearms Safety Courseand spend several evenings in a classroombeing lectured on firearms stuff you don’tneed to know and will never have any usefor.” Ed, what part of firearms safety doyou consider to be unnecessary? And, are

you suggesting that hunters or anyonewho handles firearms “never use” safehandling procedures! I am certain thatthat is not what Ed meant to imply. Infact, one of Ed’s final “tips” was to: “Con-centrate on the safety aspect of firearmsuse when you study the book.” Yes! Safetyis the whole point of the course. Afterall, it’s called The Canadian FirearmsSafety Course.

It is my own belief that longtime fire-arms users are likely to have developedsome bad and or dangerous habits overthe years. It can’t hurt to take a coursethat focuses on safety to refresh your skills.Young hunters, just getting started in thesport, need to hear experienced firearmsusers talk about just how careful you haveto be every time you handle a firearm. Istart every course I teach by telling theclass that I am certain there are people inthe room with far more expertise andknowledge about the workings of the vari-ous firearms than I have. I invite them toshare their experiences with the class aswe work through the course materials. Asa result of this sharing of knowledge I amconstantly learning from the people whoattend these classes and we all have anopportunity to learn from each other.But, I stress the point that none of us canafford to be careless when handling fire-arms and that it is my hope that they will

leave the course with a renewed commit-ment towards firearms safety. I believethat the Canadian Firearms Safety Courseis working and the emphasis on safety ismaking our sport a safer one than it wastwenty years ago. I have had many expe-rienced hunters and firearms owners,some of whom stated that they were rathernegative about having to take the courseat the start, express to me their satisfac-tion with the information they received.One night a man who had hunted formany years stated that he had really ben-efited from the experience and went sofar as to say, “This course should be man-datory for every hunter every ten years!”Now that was quite a change in attitudelet me tell you. And where else do youngmen and women, just beginning to de-velop an interest in hunting, have an op-portunity to sit in a room for three nightsand learn about the sport from those whohave enjoyed it for many years. You areright Ed, concentrate on safety and learnthe vital four Acts, but not so you canavoid “sitting in a classroom”, but becausewe all want hunting and firearms use tobe the safest sport it can be.�

Wayne Mullins


Random Castsare very vulnerable to trout while on thesurface and the right fly can bring excit-ing action.

Its wings dried, the mayfly flies tonearby trees or shoreline vegetation to restfor a period of a few hours to several days.There it undergoes its final molt to thespinner stage. While duns are drab incolour that ranges from pale to black withshades of tan, grey, cream, green andbrown, the spinner, in contrast, is brightand shiny, with long tails and clear trans-parent wings. The spinners fly back tothe water where they mate in the air, laytheir eggs in the water and fall spent to liein the surface film where they die.

With over 100 species of mayflies inNorth America it is unlikely that anyonewill be able to match the hatch for all ofthem. However in every area there areone or two hatches which are well knownto seasoned anglers. They have names likethe green drake, pale morning dun or lightcahill, but one fly that is effective in imi-tating most of them, and which mostNova Scotia anglers wouldn’t be caughton the water without is the Black Gnat.The Black Gnat represents a range ofNova Scotia mayflies and you shouldnever be without a few in size #12-#18 inyour tin.

The Black GnatHook - Standard dry fly,size 12-18Thread - BlackTail - A few strands of black hackleBody - Black floss or dubbingWing - Mallard QuillHackle - Black

So get out to your favourite lake orstream and “match the hatch”. Tightlines.�

©2004 Don MacLean

Donald A. MacLean is the AssistantDirector Inland Fisheries Division forNova Scotia Department ofAgriculture and Fisheries, Pictou, NS.

Match The Hatch For Early Trout

By Don MacLean

Longer days and warming tempera-tures have many anglers anxiously await-ing their favourite time of year, the an-nual mayfly hatch. Wading the shores ofa trout lake on a spring evening while cast-ing to rising trout is one of my favouriteforms of fishing. It is exciting and chal-lenging, and, if you are in the right place,at the right time, with the right fly, veryeffective.

Many anglers consider the mayfly tobe our most important trout stream in-sect. Mayflies belong to the order of in-sects called Ephemeoptera, from the latinEphemero which means short lived, andptera, meaning wings. The mayfly lifecycle consists of four stages, egg, nymph,dun and spinner. Eggs hatch into an un-derwater form called a nymph. This pe-riod lasts about a year and is followed byemergence. When the nymph is fullydeveloped it swims to the water surfaceand hatches into the winged mayflyknown as a dun. The dun rests on thewater surface for a short period of timedrying its wings. This process is the hatchfor which we anxiously await. The duns

and costs increasing. All the more rea-son, I say, to have more people involvedand educated in outdoor skills. The his-tory of “the way it was back then” is im-portant, to learn what was done wrong,or how “we” affected evolution, so thatpresently and for the future, “we” canprotect and manage those resources.

In the last issue of Nova Outdoors, Imentioned a Youth Hunter Education

Scholarship, that was developed to addressthe issue of youth involvement. Hope-fully this will be a catalyst for more pro-gram development and opportunity. TheNSFAH program to provide financial as-sistance to youth attending a conservationcamp during the summer, has been a long-standing youth program supported bywildlife enthusiasts’ financial contribu-tions. There are a number of ways peoplecan contribute to youth and new entrantsto wildlife sport and recreation, simplycontact a wildlife club in your area, or theNova Scotia Federation of Angler andHunters. (information page in back ofthis magazine) Keep both your feet point-

ing in the same direction, the right direc-tion with NSFAH.

On a final note, as you prepare forthe upcoming fishing season, keep “safetyfirst” as a priority at all times. Check thosesafety items of flotation devices, first aidkits, boats and associated equipment, tak-ing the time necessary to be safe. Whenyou are ready to go fishing, consider tak-ing someone with you that may not havehad the opportunity to try fishing. Theexperience, both for them and yourself,may be the best “catch of the day”.�

Yours in wildlife,Gary Penney

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President’s Message...continued from page 4.


Ribbons Of GreenAre Forestry Regulations ReallyConserving Eastern Woods,Waters and Wildlife?

The pace of forest flattening in east-ern Canada has raised sufficient publicconcern to spawn a recent series of pro-

vincial guide-lines and regula-tions. These aresupposed toconserve wild-life populationswhile protectingwate r cour s e sand water qual-

ity. Some aspects are relatively simple -such as leaving a forest stand around nestsites, or managing white-tailed deer win-tering locations in New Brunswick andNova Scotia. Prince Edward Island is tak-ing baby steps to address its biggest envi-ronmental problem - spuds, silt and pes-ticides. Nova Scotia’s new habitat rulesonly apply to forestry operations!

As a biologist and forest assessor,these regulations or guidelines concern mewith their general sanctioning of large-scale clearcutting in close proximity towater. Failing to protect water, wildlifeand the environment, they ignore the sci-ence. Some regulations are more thandeficient - they’re misguided.

Some of the scientific evidence re-garding the habitats used by a majority ofwildlife populations follows in this article,with suggestions for improved regulations.Areas bordering water have been calledgreenbelts, buffer strips, special manage-ment zones and riparian zones. I’ll useriparian.

The Importance Of RiparianZones

About three-quarters of our wild ani-mal species either depend upon, or pre-fer, habitats near water. Brinson et al.(1981), in a review paper on riparian (nearwater) ecosystems, state that the area ofriparian vegetation most heavily used bywildlife is the zone within 200 metres (660ft) of a stream or open water. These long,relatively narrow ribbons along water con-tribute little area to the total availablehabitat, but their wildlife value far out-weighs their small size.

DiBello (1984) found that 85 per-cent of the locations of radio-collared fur-

bearers in Maine occurred within 100 m(330 ft) of a waterway. Coyotes and bob-cats frequently move along frozen streamsin winter, when traveling their homeranges, while red fox and fisher use thevegetation within 100 m of the waterway(Stocek, 1994). Red fox use lake edges,while coyotes frequently avoid them.Small mammals and birds also travelthrough riparian zones in dispersing fromtheir original or natal habitats.

Migration routes along rivers andstreams are consistently used by birds, batsand deer. Migrating songbirds probablyuse riparian forests disproportionatelybecause of the abundance of food anddense cover. Some areas are major rest-ing places for many north-south migrat-ing birds, and may contain up to ten timesthe number of spring migrants than arefound in adjacent, non-riparian areas.

The microclimate of riparian zonesis different from that of the surroundingforest. There is generally more shade,higher humidity, and increased air move-ment. The increased humidity is impor-tant to plant growth and tends to makethe habitat more favourable for manyamphibians and some small mammals.Dense stands of conifers along waterways,with their milder microclimate, provideprotective cover for tree swallows in cold,wet springs. Such stands in sheltered rivervalleys are commonly selected as deer win-tering areas in Nova Scotia and NewBrunswick. Riparian zones are alsofavourite moose habitat at various timesof the year.

Research by Elliott and others in theState of Maine has demonstrated thatmany forest songbirds require a riparianzone that is at least 100 metres (330 feet)wide, on each side of a river or stream,and with minimum cutting intrusions andno large scale forest cutting. In Maine,taking this approach has been calculatedto encompass about 15 percent of the landbase. A few bird species may require a200 metre (660 ft) wide riparian strip onboth sides of the waterway. Bird use ofriparian habitat is often related to snag(dead tree) occurrences coupled with plantspecies diversity and the vertical stratifi-cation (varying height) of vegetation.

In Nova Scotia, Bill Freedman ofDalhousie University and others havestudied changes in bird species associatedwith intense disturbances as a result offorestry operations. Cindy Staicer of

Dalhousie University is currently study-ing bird use of forest habitats in westernNova Scotia. As vegetation on a site passesthrough successional sequences after aclearcut, so do trends in wildlife occur-rence. The edge effect created between aresidual stand (eg. - riparian zone) and acutover area, for example, may attractmore edge species of wildlife and reducethe number of forest interior birds suchas ovenbirds. A 100 metre width on eachside of the waterway is the kind of dis-tance required to minimize some of theseundesirable impacts. A typical forestsongbird territory is about a hectare (100m x 100 m) in size, so this width has po-tential benefits for wildlife.

Based on this kind of evidence, thereshould be a minimum 100 metre (330 ft)riparian zone from bank or shoreline in-land on each side of a defined waterway.The closest 30 metres (99 ft) to the waterwould constitute a zone where live treeswould protect banks and shorelines, dy-ing and dead trees will offer cavities, andfallen trees could evolve naturally. The70 metre (231 ft) band beyond that zonecould be harvested on a gradual, small-scale basis. Possible harvest methods in-clude selection, group selection, strip cutsat oblique angles, and patch cuts. Har-vest openings would be designed so as tomaintain the visual barrier (screen effectthat hides wildlife) of the zone, foster newgrowth of shade tolerant species, andmaintain soil and air humidity. Distur-bance in this zone should be minimizedduring the breeding season, which is gen-erally May to August.

Many forested areas are imperfectlydrained. These areas often contain small,spring-fed pools, seeps or ponds wherefrogs and salamanders can lay their eggswithout having them eaten by fish. Hu-mans build these, but call them woodlandfire ponds. Seeps, small ponds and otherperennially wet sites located in forests thatare scheduled for any form of cuttingshould be flagged out of the harvest zoneand categorized as a riparian zone. Occa-sionally these sites grow excellent trees (likespruce) on hummocks within the wet area.With the appropriate equipment, and dur-ing a dry or frozen time period, it may bepossible to harvest a few of these trees with-out causing undue drying or destructionof wetland habitat. This might be plannedand economically accomplished when acrew is scheduled to conduct a partial har-vest in nearby riparian zones.

Bo

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Small brooks, even ones that are lessthan 50 cm (20 in) wide, can be tradi-tional rearing sites for young speckled(brook) trout. These places often havesources of cool water, and are too smallto be occupied by larger fish that mighteat the young trout. Even small brooksthat dry up in the summer can hostspawning adult trout after fall rains. Eggsoverwinter in bottom gravels, and hatchin the spring. Some young-of-the-yeartrout will move downstream if droughtsets in later in the summer.

A healthy forest environment canoffset drought conditions. Forest envi-ronments tend to be moist, whereas large-scale forest cutting generally leads towarmer air temperatures and drier soilconditions. Existing regulations to pro-tect small watercourses are inadequate inthe face of the large-scale forest removalsthat are occurring around them. Bogs andwet forest areas normally feed their waterinto small brooks. Existing three to fivemetre (10 -16.5 ft) provincial regulationsmay keep machinery out of small brooks,but do not address the role of wet placesin the forest. Two forest bird species thatnest in these wet areas are the Canadawarbler and Veery. Populations of bothspecies are declining across NorthAmerica. This downturn has been linkedto reductions in their available habitat.

Three to five metre regulations alsodo not address the role that small brookshave in supplying water to larger rivers,in addition to the specific in-stream habi-tat needs of young-of-the-year speckledtrout. Riparian zones on brooks that aretoo small to warrant a 100 metre wide“no clearcut” zone, should still have a sub-stantial buffer from the drying effects ofclearcut operations.

Wet areas and small brooks consid-ered too small for the 100 metre buffershould have a “gradual cut” 50 metre (115ft) riparian zone applied around them. Inthe case of a defined channel, like a brook,this would be 50 metres on each side. Theclosest 20 metres (66 ft) to the waterwould constitute a zone where live treeswould protect banks and shorelines, dy-ing and dead trees will offer cavities, andfallen trees could evolve naturally. Theoutside 30 metres (98 ft) would be sub-ject to the gradual harvest removals al-ready discussed under the 100 metre ri-parian zones.

Reducing the riparian forest to a basalarea of 20 m2 per hectare, as one regula-tion suggests, leaves no effective forestcover along the water. Harvests in ripar-ian zones should be light enough overall

to maintain riparian dampness and shadeconditions.

Wildlife Travel CorridorsEcologists have long debated whether

wildlife corridors are just someone’s niceidea, or if they actually help species. Anextensive study on the effects of wildlifecorridors published in 2002, and basedin the southern United States, offers posi-tive proof that they encourage the move-ment of plants and animals across frag-mented landscapes.

Wildlife Travel Corridors should be100 metres (330 ft) wide. They will beconsidered gradual harvest zones whereregular but minor harvests will maintainvisual obscurity and encourage wind-firm,shade tolerant forest regeneration. Overtime the entire area could be harvested,with rotations extended for longer-livedtree species, and leaving some (mis-shaped, inaccessible, etc.) standing treesto die and become deadwood on theground. Snags could be removed fromcorridors on hilltops if their positionposed a potential fire hazard from light-ening.

These corridors should be linked toriparian zones, including wet ground thathas the quiet pools and damp sites thatsome old wood and deadwood inhabit-ants, like frogs and salamanders, need forbreeding.

Weaknesses Of Riparian ZonesAnd Wildlife Corridors

Leaving thin ribbons of trees acrossclearcut landscapes can prove very un-stable when riparian and travel corridorsare populated by even-aged, shallow-rooted and/or pioneer trees, on certain soiltypes and with topographic exposure tostrong winds. Perhaps the most vulner-able period occurs when adjacent contigu-ous forests are clearcut harvested on a largescale, leaving riparian zones and wildlifecorridors with bared edges for the firsttime, and open to blowdown. Moregradual adjacent harvests might help, butsome sites can wind throw with only aminor opening as a trigger. The challengewith inherently unstable riparian andwildlife corridors lies in gradually convert-ing them to more stable, uneven-agedstands with a variety of site-suited treespecies.

Riparian zones and wildlife travelcorridors should be joined with the un-even-aged, shade-tolerant stands andother special areas set aside to provideconnectivity at a landscape level for wildanimals and plants.

To produce a reasonable facsimile ofnatural forest environments within shade-tolerant stands, inside riparian buffers andthroughout wildlife travel corridors, themanagement regime within all these zonesshould involve extending the longer-livedtree species rotation times. This will en-able long-lived, shade-tolerant species(like red spruce, hemlock, yellow birchand sugar maple) to pass through theirnatural age classes. Less valuable (e.g.misshapen) and more inaccessible indi-vidual trees would be selected for “no-cut”, over-mature status as potential deadtree habitat material, and for eventual for-est nutrient recycling. Poor candidatesfor the sawmill can be winners for wild-life. These older trees will eventually pro-vide holes for cavity dwellers, and deadwoody material as food for a wide varietyof wild animals and plants, including the“decomposers” - microscopic bacteria,fungi, and soil animals that work overdeadwood on the ground, producing es-sential nutrients for a new forest.

Legacy TreesThe idea of leaving a few trees per

hectare of clearcut on larger clearcuts isincluded in some wildlife regulations. Itwould be far better to leave the requiredgovernment “clumps” of standing treesalong the edges or borders of thesecutovers, rather than as isolated islands inthe middle of them. To quote Parker,Doucette and Hacheè (1996) “Studiesat Hayward Brook, New Brunswick, raiseserious questions relative to the effects ofcertain forestry management practices onspecies of cavity nesting birds. For in-stance, leaving a few large, mature andoften dying white pine or yellow birchtrees in the middle of clearcuts to serve asnesting substrate for cavity nesters is oflittle value to most species.” Leaving someolder trees along the edge of the cutoverdoes not satisfy the regulations, but wouldprove more useful to wildlife, especiallyif these trees could left to grow old, dieand fall to the ground, instead of beingcut with the next harvest.

Many of these regulations could haveincorporated more science, and promotedother forms of harvest besides large-scaleclearcuts when shade tolerant trees formpart of the forest. The regulations per-mit old growth and shade-tolerant foreststo be clearcut to any size, and convertedto simplified, intensively-managed plan-tations. The ecology of Acadian forests,waterways and wildlife would be betterserved with new regulations. �

Bob Bancroft is a Biologist andOutdoor Writer.


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Enjoy The Outdoors — Become A Campground HostSubmitted by The Department ofNatural Resources

Imagine camping for two weeks thissummer in one of our provincial parks …walking in the woods, sitting by the fire,meeting new campers, surrounded bynature. If you also enjoy helping people,you may want to become a campgroundhost. As a host, you help visitors get ori-ented to the park and local communityand in return you camp for free.

Over 40 people have been hosts sincethe program began in Nova Scotia in1996. Some of them return year afteryear, like teacher Elizabeth Balser ofWindsor who hosted at Blomidon for fiveyears with her husband and two sons. “Iloved every minute,” she says. “Myfavourite part was helping staff and camp-ers.” She also did a program on wildfloweridentification and led hikes. She recom-mends hosting to others, especially teach-ers who have summer months off andprogram presentation skills.

Eleven of the 21 provincial camp-ground parks now participate in the pro-gram. Hosts are “on duty” for a mini-mum of four hours a day, five days a weekand stay from two to four weeks per park.They greet new visitors and provide in-formation on the park, local services andattractions. They keep an eye on the fa-cilities and campers, and report anythingamiss to park staff. Some hosts offer pro-grams, like birdwatching, if they have aspecial area of interest.

Don and Gloria O’Brien of Sackville,Nova Scotia, are another example of dedi-cated hosts. For the past four years, thisretired couple have hosted at The Islandsin Shelburne County, Smileys Park inHants County, Amherst Shore inCumberland County, and Valleyview inAnnapolis County for up to 10 weeks persummer.

“I really like meeting people”, saysDon. “In the job I had before, I was outmeeting people all the time.” Some parkshave “regulars” that the hosts get to know,plus there are lots of tourists. “I bone upon events and what’s going on around.”One couple from Florida were only plan-

ning to spend one night in the park untilDon talked to them about local attrac-tions. “I kept them in the area for a week,”he says. He has helped others plan a two-week itinerary staying at various provin-cial parks.

Thanks to hosts, visitors are betterinformed; park staff have more time forother work maintaining the park; andspeeding, vandalism and other park prob-lems are reduced.�

If you are interested in becoming ahost, contact Susan Hruszowy at theDepartment of Natural Resources(902) 424-5832 [email protected] must be 19 or older and abackground check will be done. Thedeadline for applying is April 30 andtraining will be provided at the startof the season. You can learn moreabout the Campground Host programat http://parks.gov.ns.ca.


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Nova Scotia Salmon Association Offers $5,000Reward For Illegal Bass-DumpingForeign Invader ThreatensMargaree Watershed

The Nova Scotia Salmon Association(NSSA) has issued a notice of a one-timereward in the amount of $5,000 to any-one providing information that leads to aconviction of any person or persons respon-sible for the illegal releasing of non-nativefish into Nova Scotia watercourses.

“The illegal transportation and dump-ing of exotic fish species into our local wa-tersheds has got to stop. It’s been goingon far too long”, says NSSA presidentDavid Reid. “Smallmouth bass and chainpickerel have been deliberately spread intowatersheds across the province where theyhave never existed before. It’s against thelaw and it represents an ecological disasterfor native salmon and trout.”

Smallmouth bass and chain pickerelare highly efficient predators who competedirectly with juvenile salmon and trout forfood and habitat. These warm water fishalso have a biological edge over native cold-water species - they can actively forage dur-

ing the heat of the summer when salmonand trout are under temperature stress andconcentrated into limited cool-water pools,making them easy pickings for the intro-duced exotics.

“Last year it was chain pickerel in theShubenacadie River. Before that it was bassin the LaHave River system. Now it’s hap-pened again in Lake Ainslie - part of theMargaree watershed, our most famoussalmon river,” says Reid. The Margaree isthe province’s top-producing salmon riverwith a sports fishery valued at approxi-mately $1 million annually. “Smallmouthbass have been deliberately dumped thereand they have the very real potential to doserious damage to the Margaree’s nativesalmon and trout populations,” says Reid.“That’s why, in conjunction with our af-filiate, the Margaree Salmon Association,we have decided to offer this one-time$5,000 reward to anyone who can provideinformation leading to the successful con-viction of any person or persons respon-sible for illegal fish dumping into NovaScotia watercourses. We are particularlyinteresting in the Lake Ainslie incident.”

The introduction of non-native fishspecies is illegal according to the FisheriesAct and carries a maximum penalty of$100,000 for an initial conviction. To datethere has never been a successful case triedin Nova Scotia, although the problem hasbeen known to fisheries officers for years.

“The Margaree River sports fishery isa major economic driver to our local tour-ism industry and we can’t afford to loose itto some short-sighted clown with abucket,” says John Hart, president of theMargaree Salmon Association. “It’s a shockto the whole ecosystem.” “We applaudNSSA for taking this action and for theirsupport of our river,” says Hart. “I hopesomeone calls it in and they nail whoever’sresponsible for this.”�

Anyone with information about theillegal introduction of bass into LakeAinslie is asked to contact the NovaScotia Salmon Association at (902)275-3407 or by e-mail [email protected].


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Family Discover Fishing Day 2004For the second consecutive year

NOVA BASSMASTERS Associationand the Canadian Association ofSmallmouth Anglers (CASA) will beputting on a Family Discover FishingDay (FDFD 2004). The purpose ofFDFD 2004 is to introduce the nov-ice, and in particular youth anglers, tothe enjoyment of sport fishing. FDFD2004 will take place from 10:00 a.m.to 4:00 p.m., Sunday, May 30, 2004,at the Sackville Arena, First Lake Drive,Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia.

For the adult there will be severalsemi-pro and master anglers on handto talk to about techniques, equip-ment, baits, locations, etc. There willalso be a boat display with knowledge-able people in attendance ready to givetips on how to choose the boat that bestsuits your needs. The exhibitors willcover the entire range of fishing activi-ties. Useful and interesting informa-tion will be found on conservation,habitat protection, and safe boating aswell.

For the children, there are free re-freshments, games, contests, and doorprizes. One of the highlights of lastyear’s FDFD was the kid casting com-

petition where every child was a win-ner. This competition will be heldagain this year. Rods and reels will besupplied.

Several other fishing clubs willjoin Nova Bassmasters and CASA atFDFD 2004. You will be able to findout what activities they have plannedby speaking to them at the AtlanticOutdoor Sports and RV Show. Formore information look for us at theAtlantic Outdoor Sports and RVShow, March 18-21, 2004, at the Ex-hibit ion Park, Prospect Road,Halifax.�

Come on out. The admission foradults is only $1.00 and childrenunder 16 who bring an adult get infree. For further information pleasecheck out the following web sitewww.novabass.com or [email protected].

2858 Agricola Street, Halifax, NS B3K 4E7Phone: (902) 454-2244 Fax: (902) 455-4151

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A Walk In The WoodsAssociation Offering SeedlingProgram For Old Fields

“When freedom prevails, the ingenuityand inventiveness of people createsincredible wealth. This is the sourceof the natural improvement of thehuman condition.”—Brian S. Wesbury

Landownersnow have anotheroption to acquirefinancial assis-tance if theywould like toplant trees informer fields.Under the provin-cial Forest

Sustainability Regulations, the forest indus-try is responsible for reinvesting in silvicul-ture to offset the volume of wood that theyacquire for processing (such as sawing lum-ber or making pulp and paper). Since themajority of timber harvested in Nova Scotiacomes from privately owned land, the ma-jority of the silviculture funding must bedirected to private lands. Interested land-owners may be able to access the fundingvia the various forestry companies that ac-quire more than 5000 cubic metres (ap-proximately 2400 cords) per year.

Another source of silviculture fundingis via the Association for Sustainable For-estry (ASF). Since November 2000, the ASFhas administered the Sustainable ForestryFund in Nova Scotia. The ASF’s mission isto ensure the sustainable harvest and regen-eration of privately owned woodlands withinthe province of Nova Scotia, including theapplication of appropriate silviculture.

The ASF consists of a Board of Di-rectors, a Coordinator, and an AssistantCoordinator. The Board of Directors iscomprised of representatives from the smallprivate landowner sector and the forestindustry, with ex-officio representationfrom the Nova Scotia Department ofNatural Resources and the Forest ProductsAssociation of Nova Scotia. This makesthe ASF a unique enterprise in which pri-vate landowners, forest industry, and gov-ernment are working partners.

Through the Sustainable ForestryFund, the ASF provides funding for sev-eral silviculture treatments in its currentprogram. Funding is available for FillPlanting, Plantation Establishment,Manual Weeding/Chemical Release inboth natural stands and plantations, Pre-commercial Thinning in both naturalstands and plantations, Commercial Thin-ning, Crop Tree Release, Crop Tree Prun-ing, and Selection Management.

The opportunity to participate in thisprogram is available to all private landown-ers in Nova Scotia. In cases where Regis-tered Buyer (forestry companies) presenceis limited or absent, the ASF is able to fundsilviculture treatments. The ASF also fundstreatments that may be difficult to com-plete under Registered Buyers silvicultureprograms. More information on this pro-gram, including how to apply for funding,can be found at the contact informationbelow.

Since October 2003, the ASF has alsobeen involved in the Forest 2020/Greencover project. This project is a fed-eral initiative in which the Government ofCanada wishes to facilitate a series of fast-growing plantations on private land acrossCanada. The key benefit of this project isto sequester carbon in plantations in orderto offset green house gas emissions whichwill aid Canada in meeting its climate

change commitments. The ASF will beresponsible for administering this projectin Nova Scotia.

Qualifying sites must have been in afield condition since December 31, 1989and currently bare of woody vegetationwith a minimum of 1 ha (or 2.5 acres) inarea. Funding is available for Reforesta-tion and Afforestation activities; includingsite preparation and tree planting. Thepurchase of the tree seedlings is the respon-sibility of the ASF.

The ASF needs to secure more landfor this project in order to meet the goalsset out by the Government of Canada.Anyone interested in this project is encour-aged to contact the ASF. More informa-tion on this project can also be found atwww.climatechange.gc.ca or http://www.ccfm.org/forest2020/about_e.html.

Contact:Rebecca Aggas, Coordinator,Association for Sustainable ForestryPO Box 696Truro, NS B2N 5E5Phone: (902) 895-1179;Cell: (902) 890-4685;Fax: (902) 893-1197Website: www.asforestry.com

Tree Trivia: The Unilever-EvergreenAquatic Stewardship Grant providesgrants of between $2000 and $15,000 topsupport small scale, community driven,partnership projects including wetland,riparian and littoral zone restoration, in-stream bioengineering, and wildlife moni-toring. For more information, contact:Stewart Chisholm, Evergreen CommonGrounds; Phone Toll Free 1-888-426-3138; Email: [email protected].�

Don Cameron is a RegisteredProfessional Forester.


Cape Breton Highlands Trout Study 2003By Tara Crandlemere and JohnMacMillan, Nova Scotia Departmentof Agriculture and Fisheries, InlandFisheries Division

The Nova Scotia Department of Ag-riculture and Fisheries, Inland Fisheries Di-vision embarked on a journey to the CapeBreton Highlands to study various brooktrout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations insomewhat remote lakes. The purpose ofthis project was to assess the populationand environmental factors that exist in theHighlands and compare the data with thebrook trout populations on the mainland.

One of the ways to develop manage-ment strategies is to understand brook troutpopulations on a regional basis. Our de-partment gathers data to evaluate popula-tions from fieldwork, angler diary program,license stub returns, and creel surveys. Thisproject allowed us to gather baseline dataon a variety of lakes using field samplingtechniques and a creel survey. Much ofthe data collected from this area of the prov-ince is consistent with what we find in ourangler diary books. Some initial thoughtswere to obtain more data on trout popula-tions of angler interest, compare lakes thatare under different pressure by anglers, anddemonstrate the effectiveness of incorpo-rating regional data into the design of regu-lations for Highland lakes.

Special regulations were implementedin Cape Breton Highland lakes to increase

the angling opportunities and the numberof larger trout in the catch. Initially, re-gional and provincial data was used as abase on which to develop regulations thatincluded an increase in the bag limit from

five trout to ten trout and the use of a nineinch length limit where only one fish couldbe retained over the length (9 inches). Therational for the regulation came from creelsurvey data prior to 2002 which generateda length frequency distribution of onlytwenty percent of the catch over nineinches. Additional data indicated that an-gler catch rates were five times higher inthe Cape Breton Highlands compared tothe mainland lakes and growth rates in theHighlands were slower compared to main-land trout populations.

Mainland populations of brook troutdisplay a faster growth rate, which indi-cates that food supply is not limited to thepopulation. For example, our departmentsEast Taylor Bay Lake trout study showedfast growth, which indicates that individu-als in the population are not crowded, andprobably have the potential to grow to alarger size. This mainland lake fits the cri-teria of a special management area because

5.0

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3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.010 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

1+ 2+ 3+

Highland lakesTotal trout =51.710% longer than23cm in length

-–-–-–Length limit 23cmor 9 inches

Figure 1. Brook trout length frequency distribution from Highland lakes captured by angling andlives trapping methods.

Figure 2. Catch rates of brook trout per net night in Cape Breton Highlands and Mainland Lakes.

Catch rates ofbrook trout16x greater than inmainland lakes

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2.5

2.0

1.5

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competition (among brook trout) devel-ops which results in slow growth. Largecatch rates are indicators for a large num-ber of trout in a population. Our studyfound catch rates for brook trout in theCape Breton Highlands to be sixteen timesgreater than in mainland lakes (see Figure2).

Cape Breton Highland lakes offer aunique environment for brook trout popu-lations. Many of the lakes our departmentstudied were cool, shallow, and had veryfew competitors. The lakes included inthe study were; Timber, Tara Pond,Round, Moose, Larken, MacDonaldsPonds, Bonnie, and Bell. The only com-petitor species present in these lakes waseels. The lakes where larger fish werepresent tended to have a minnow (killi-fish) population.

Our preliminary data indicates thatthe populations of brook trout in the CapeBreton Highland lakes are crowded, whichhas had an impact on individuals resultingin slow growth. The rationale behind thebag limit of ten, is to thin the populationout and allow for increased growth. Theidea is to see larger, older fish in the popu-lation and eventually in the angler catch.Recently, our department had RecreationalFishing Area Committee meetingsthroughout the province, and the regula-tion suggestion that came from RFAC 2for the spring fishery, was ten fish only oneover ten inches. Our department now haseven better baseline data to look at overthe next few years, and will examine howthese regulations are working to improveangling opportunities in the Cape BretonHighlands. Special thanks to the follow-ing volunteers in the Highland trout study(see Table 1). �

Table 1. Volunteers in CB Highland trout study.

Merrly Bustin, DNR WhycocomaghDougald MacNeil, DNR WhycocomaghDon Anderson, DNR WhycocomaghKenny Timmons, DNR BaddeckRichard McCurdy, DNR BaddeckBlowers Stubbert, DNR BaddeckBenedick Toney, DNR WhycocomaghGratton Howley, DNR BaddeckDavid Ross, DNR MargareeCathy Burton, DNR MargareeLarken Ross, STORA BaddeckLeonard Forthysth MargareeBlaise Landry, DNR BaddeckBruce Nunn, DNR SydneyMason Watt, Helitech crew ShubbieArt Jenkins, Helitech crew ShubbieAndrew Marshall, Helitech crew ShubbieChris Stratton, student STORABJ Wilson, student SydneyMike Gullo, student HalifaxMark Quade, Trout Unlimited HalifaxEd Woodsworth, Trout Unlimited Sydney

of the potential to shift the size structure tomore older, larger trout, growth is fast (goodforage), population is young (exploitation),over summering habitat is good (oxygenin deep cool water), and competition isweak (few competitors). However, in the

Cape Breton Highlands age cohort over-lap exists between trout of different ages(see Figure 1). Fish of the same size rangewill occupy similar habitats and competefor similar food items. When cohort over-lap occurs in a population an increase in

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How The Firearms Act Applies To Me If I Own An Air GunAir Guns

From The Canadian Firearms Center

This fact sheet explains the mainrequirements under the Firearms Actand Criminal Code for individuals whoown or want to acquire an air gun. TheCriminal Code determines which airguns are classified as firearms for pur-poses of the Firearms Act. The Fire-arms Act sets out the rules for possess-ing an air gun that is classified as a fire-arm.

Air guns (also known as BB guns,pellet guns or spring guns) fall intothree categories:

Air (pneumatic system),spring (spring-air), andgas (CO

2/nitrogen)

The rules for possessing an air gundepend mainly on the muzzle velocityand muzzle energy of the air gun. The“muzzle velocity” is the speed of a pro-jectile at the instant it leaves the muzzleof an air gun, normally expressed inmetres per second or feet per second.

The “muzzle energy” is the energy of aprojectile at the instant it leaves themuzzle of an air gun, expressed injoules or foot-pounds.

In the case of an air gun with avery low muzzle velocity and energy,the rules also depend on whether theair gun meets the definition of a rep-lica firearm.

High-Powered Air GunsAs set out in the Criminal Code,

an air gun is classified as a firearm forthe purposes of the Firearms Act if itwas designed to:

• Have both a high muzzle velocity(greater than 152.4 meters or 500feet per second) and a high muzzleenergy (greater than 5.7 joules or 4.2foot-pounds), or

• Discharge projectiles that weredesigned to have both a high velocityand high energy.

• High-powered air rifles are classifiedas non-restricted firearms.

• High-powered air pistols are

classified as prohibited firearms iftheir barrel length is 105 mm or less,or restricted firearms if their barrel islonger than 105 mm.

As a rule, the manufacturer’s speci-fications are used to determine whatmuzzle velocity and muzzle energy anair gun was designed to have. You maybe able to find this information in theuser’s manual or on the manufacturer’sweb site. If the information is notavailable, call 1-800-731-4000, selectoption 2 from the menu of services,and ask to speak to a firearms techni-cian to find out if your air gun is clas-sified as a firearm for purposes of theFirearms Act.

These air guns are subject to thesame rules as any other firearm underthe Firearms Act. To be able to pos-sess or acquire a firearm, you must beat least 18 years old and have a fire-arms licence that is valid for that classof firearm. As well, the firearm mustbe registered.

For more information on the li-cence and registration requirements,


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please refer to the fact sheet called Howthe Firearms Act Applies to me if IOwn a Firearm.

You must store, transport, displayand handle these air guns safely, as setout in the Storage, Display, Transpor-tation and Handling of Firearms by In-dividuals Regulations.

Air Guns That Are ReplicasLow-powered air guns that meet

the Criminal Code definition of a rep-lica firearm are prohibited. In particu-lar, this affects many devices commonlyknown as “air soft guns”. Air soft gunsare devices that have a low muzzle ve-locity and muzzle energy, and that usu-ally discharge projectiles made out of asubstance such as plastic or wax ratherthan metal.

To be classified as a prohibited de-vice, an air gun must have been designedto:

• Look exactly or almost exactly like anexisting make and model of firearm,other than an antique firearm; and

• Discharge no projectiles or dischargeonly harmless projectiles that are notlikely to cause serious injury or death.

Devices that resemble a genericfirearm rather than an existing makeand model of firearm are not generallyconsidered to be replicas. Neither aredevices designed to discharge projectileswith enough force to penetrate skin oran eye.

The Canada Firearms Centre re-ceives many enquiries from people won-dering whether an air soft gun wouldbe considered a replica if it resembles areal firearm in terms of its shape andsize, but it is made of clear or brightlycoloured plastic. It might still be con-sidered a replica because many of thesedevices can be changed to look more likea real firearm simply by painting them.Similarly, if brightly coloured devicesare exempted, someone might then tryto pass off a real firearm as a fake bypainting it a bright colour.

Many people also ask whether thereare any limits to the muzzle velocity andenergy that an air gun must have to beclassified as a replica. There are not anyfixed limits because the calibre andother variables may affect the ability ofa low-powered air gun to cause seriousinjury or death.

Many of these devices have to beassessed on a case-by-case basis. If youhave questions about a particular makeand model of air gun, call 1-800-731-4000, select option 2 from the menu ofservices, and ask to speak to a firearmstechnician.

Although replicas are prohibited,you can keep any replicas you ownedon December 1, 1998. You do not needa licence to possess them, and they donot have to be registered. As an indi-vidual, you cannot acquire a replica, norcan you give or sell a replica to anotherindividual. If you take a replica out ofCanada, you cannot bring it back in.The ability to import or acquire a rep-lica is limited mainly to businesses li-censed to have prohibited devices for anapproved purpose, such as for use in afilm or theatrical production.

Under certain conditions set out inthe Special Authority to Possess Regu-lations (Firearms), an unlicensed busi-ness or individual may borrow a replicafirearm to use in a movie, television,video or theatrical production, or inpublishing activities. Instructors des-ignated by a Chief Firearms Officer mayalso borrow a replica to provide instruc-tion in the safe use and handling of fire-arms. Please refer to the Regulationsfor more information on the conditionsthat the borrower and lender must meet.

Other Low-Powered Air GunsIf an air gun’s muzzle velocity is less

than 152.4 metres per seconds and/or itsmuzzle energy is less than 5.7 joules, it isnot considered a firearm for the purposesof the Firearms Act. You do not need alicence to acquire or possess it, and it doesnot have to be registered.

However, any person who uses one ofthese air guns to commit a crime can becharged with a firearm offence under theCriminal Code.

Otherwise, these air guns are regulatedmainly by provincial and municipal laws andregulations. For example, some provinceshave set a minimum age for acquiring anair gun. For more information, please con-tact your local or provincial authorities.

Although these air guns are exemptfrom the safe storage and transportation re-quirements in the regulations supporting theFirearms Act, owners are urged to store andtransport their air guns safely to deter loss,theft and accidents.�

Provincial, territorial and municipallaws, regulations and policies may alsoapply.http://www.cfc-ccaf.gc.ca/en/owners_users/fact_sheets/airguns.asp


Debi J. Peverill

CommunicationsINCORPORATED

Wardour Centre, Suite 30115 Dartmouth Rd.,Bedford, N.S. B4A 3X6

Tel: 468-1414Fax: 468-9635

Email: [email protected]

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Gunning For Common-Sense LegislationBy Tony Rodgers

The prime minister, Paul Martin, hasindicated that he wants to take some verypositive steps toward addressing the spend-ing habits of government, with Canadiantaxpayers’ dollars. What he has decided todo is look for cost-benefit analysis of a num-ber of government programs. One of themis the gun-control legislation. He has taskedPublic Safety Minister Anne McLellan toreview this program, that has gone 500 timespast its original cost estimates under theformer prime minister. She, in turn, hasassigned the file to Minister of State AlbinaGuarnieri to do the groundwork on the re-view. This review by Ms. Guarnieri is stillactive.

Canada has always been a country ofgovernment reviews and studies. We liketo study the devil out of everything beforemaking a decision. Well, after 10 years ofdebating this firearms issue, that is now thelaw of the land, it has failed to go away andit is back on the table being reviewed.

I’ll deal with the recent studies. A$60,000 KPMG study was underway a yearago when Martin Cauchon, the ministerthen responsible for the registry, announcedan additional $92,000 review. These twostudies were to add to Auditor GeneralSheila Fraser’s December 2002 report thatconfirmed the overspending of tax dollars,and another 115-page economic impactstudy of the Canadian Firearms Programby government that has since become a“cabinet secret.”

We in the firearms community feelcomfortable with government doing an-other review because we feel secure with theposition we have taken and know that if allof the evidence surrounding this fiasco ison the table for all Canadians to see, thensomething good will be done to change thegun legislation.

On the other hand, groups like theCanadian Association of Chiefs of Policeand the Coalition for Gun Control are start-ing to circle the wagons. Even through BillC-68 is now in law, they appear to be not assecure in their position. They are, as thechiefs did, preaching worn-out misinforma-

tion about the benefits of a gun registry totry to prop up and justify this inefficientfailure.

I have read the press release from thechiefs’ news conference of January 2004. It’sironic that most of what they were callingfor was in the old legislation, Bill C-17,brought in by then justice minister KimCampbell. It was never given a chance tobe tested before being replaced by the moreexpensive Bill C-68.

Crime in this country has droppedsteadily for the past 10 years. That’s longbefore C-68 had any effect on it. Crimecontinues to drop. This fact makes it evenmore interesting that, according to Statis-tics Canada’s Homicide Report, less thanthree percent of violent crimes in Canadainvolve firearms and it’s the known crimi-nals who are committing most of the vio-lent crimes, not law-abiding gun owners.So, why spend a billion dollars and frus-trate the innocent?

The chiefs’ press release admits thatthey don’t represent all of the police chiefsof Canada. As a matter of fact, the policechief of Canada’s largest city, Julian Fantinoof Toronto, has called for the gun bill to bescrapped. Since the beginning of the newyear, the Calgary Police Officers Associa-tion has added its name to the growing listof police unions that have called for the billto be scrapped.

Maybe the solution to the problem ofthe misuse of guns by criminals is just un-der our noses. Justice statistics from 65countries show that Canada is No. 1 whenit comes to letting criminals off with shortsentences. There would be little need forgovernment to disguise its attempt to fightcrime by hiding behind such programs asgun control if the justice system in this coun-try got down to work. Stop all plea bar-

gains. Today, if a person is caught robbingsomeone with a firearm, he or she pleadsguilty on the robbery and gets the gun chargedropped. Our suggestion would be tocharge such a person with the use of a gunin the commission of a crime, and drop therobbery charge. The penalties are harsher,and deliver a message about gun use.

Judges should stop accepting plea bar-gains from Crown and defence lawyers andimpose the full sentence for any gun crime.Police need more help keeping criminalsbehind bars and off the streets, and who insociety can do that better than a judge?

Please don’t encourage government towaste another billion dollars on this pro-gram. Yes, it’s been estimated to cost an-other billion over the next eight years. Let’sput more officers on the streets and givethem the equipment and tools they need tofight crime. I have always had a great dealof respect for police and the job they do.However, on this issue, they have been givena false sense of security - a gun law that wasdesigned for the ideal world. This is not anideal word. All guns in this country willnever be in this registry system; therefore,police can never rely on it as a crime-fight-ing tool.

It’s time for a clean piece of paper, somecommon sense, controlled emotions and thewriting of new legislation that will comeclose to satisfying everyone but the crimi-nals. �

Tony Rodgers is executive director,Nova Scotia Federation of Anglersand Hunters.

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Oak Lake Sports Ltd.RR #5, Bridgewater, N.S. B4V 2W4

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Nova Scotia Federation of Anglers and Hunters ORDER FORM

If you have order by phone (902) 477-8898.Mon.-Fri. 8am-4pm

RECEIVED

SHIPPED

office use onlyMr. Mrs. Ms. Miss.

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY PROVINCE POSTAL CODE

Please allow4 to 6 weeksfor delivery

Print clearly.Please indicateany changes to

name or address

MERCHANDISE (Please print clearly)

QUANTITY CODE DESCRIPTION EACH TOTAL

$4.00Please add $4.00 for handling to all merchandise ordersFOR MEMBERSHIPYou will receive a:• NSFAH Membership Card• Nova Outdoors®• NSFAH Recognition Item

Auto & HomeInsurance Discounts

Family includes husband, wife,and all children under 18 yearsof age. Names & ages of allfamily members must beincluded on an attached sheet.

MEMBERSHIPS NEW RENEWAL

QUANTITY DESCRIPTION EACH TOTALIndividual Membership

Contributing Membership

Supporting Membership

Family Membership

$20.00

$50.00

$75.00

$30.00

Add $4.00 for each membership outside Canada

HELP LINE FOR NSFAH SAY “YES”

Additional donation for wildlife conservation *

TOTAL

CAN YOU HELP? The NSFAH is always looking forvolunteers to help with its projects. Work on wildlifeor environmental committees or just to stuff andaddress envelopes. We need all types of workers.Just say “YES” on the order form. Thanks.

* Please check box if you require a tax receipt for donations over and above $20.00 membership costPlease make cheque or money order payable to and send to:

NOVA SCOTIA FEDERATION OF ANGLERS AND HUNTERSP.O. Box 654, Halifax, NS B3J 2T3

NSFAH Guarantee All our merchandise is guaranteed to give you100% satisfaction. If for any reason you are not completely satisfiedwith your purchase, just return it to us within 30 days of receipt. Wewill replace or exchange the merchandise, refund your purchase price,or credit your charge card.

Phone Orders Credit card holders may order memberships andmerchandise and make donations by calling 1-902-477-8898 between10 am and 3 pm - Monday to Friday. To ensure accuracy andconvenience please have your Visa or Mastercard handy as well asyour completed order form. Please note that this telephone number isfor placing orders only and that we do not accept collect calls.

Returns and Exchanges If you wish to return or exchange anymerchandise: 1-Package item securely. 2-Include the packing slip thataccommodated your order, if available. 3-Write a short note explainingwhy you are returning your purchase and what you wish in exchange.We will make every effort to handle your exchange as quickly aspossible. Please remember, however, that it takes time for us toreceive your goods, process your request, and ship you package backto you.

PAYMENT METHOD

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CHEQUE OR MONEY ORDER

$

EXPIRY DATE

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Atlantic Yamaha343 Champlain St.

Dieppe, NB E1A 1P4(506) 383-1022 (fax) 383-8540

North West Yamaha10 Ch. Depres

DSL, De Saint Andre NB E3Y 2Z3(506) 473-1189 (fax) (506) 473-6657

www.northwestyamaha.com

Pro Cycle Ltd.550 Windmill Rd.

Dartmouth, N.S. B3B 1B3(902) 468-2518 (fax) 468-5635

[email protected]

Dennis Motors830 Main Drive

Ellerslie, P.E.I. C0B 1J0(902) 831-2229 (fax) [email protected]

Paul D’Entremont Marine Ltd.P.O. Box 190, West Pubnico N.S. B1S 3S0(902) 762-3301 (fax) 762-2484

[email protected]

High Gear Sports619 Central Avenue

Greenwood, NS B0P 1N0(902) 765-2300 (fax) 825-1425

Shore Cycle LimitedP.O. Box 26, 6992 Hwy #3

Western Shore, Lunenburg NS B0J 2E0(902) 627-2706 (fax) [email protected]

Ramsay’s Cycle & Sport616 Keltic Dr.

Sydney, NS B1L 1B6(902) 539-7644 (fax) 567-0832

[email protected]

Freedom Cycle160 Chain Lake DriveHalifax, N.S. B3S 1E9

(902) 450-0020 (fax) [email protected]


Nova Scotia

CAT Rental Store590 Windmill Rd.

Dartmouth, N.S. B3B 1B3468-2277

Leonard C. Comeau Ltd.RR #1 Comeauville

Digby Co., N.S. B0W 2Z0769-2425

Pro Cycle Ltd.550 Windmill Rd.

Dartmouth, N.S. B3B 1B4468-2518 fax 468-5635

CAT Rental Store3484 Kempt Rd.

New Minas, N.S. B3K 4X7454-6480

Action Cycles Ltd.20 Industrial Way

Elmsdale, N.S. B0N 1M0883-8080 fax 883-8103

Maritime Lawn & Garden2756 Gladstone St.

Halifax, N.S. B3H 4W5455-0208

GW Sampson Construction694 Main St.

Kingston, N.S. B0P 1R0765-3357

Proudfoot Motors260 Westville Rd.

New Glasgow, N.S. B2H 2J5752-6220

Nova Valley Power Products999 Nova Dr.

New Minas, N.S. B4N 4H8681-0700

Shore CycleP.O. Box 26, Western Shore

Lunenburg Co., N.S. B0J 3M0(902) 627-2706 fax 627-2674

New Brunswick

Edmunston Honda475 Victoria St.

Edmunston, N.B. E3V 2KT(506) 739-7716 fax 739-7719

GP Farm EquipmentP.O. Box 127, 5 Bond St.

Edmunston, N.B. E3V 3K8(506) 735-7734 fax 735-4660

PG Sports Inc.1093 Ave. Des PioneersBalmoral, N.B. E8E 1B5

(506) 826-1800

Sutherland Equipment Ltd.336 Lineon Rd.

Fredericton, N.B. E3B 5C2(506) 452-11551-800-668-4386

Your Local Dealers

48700F

CMYK

nova free spring 2004 volume 13, no. 2...amherst, ns b4h 3z2 (902) 667-1888 eastern nova outdoor...

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