notice 1 - mil-std-188everyspec.com/...0100-0299/...198a_notice-1.026047.pdf ·...

NOTICE OFCHANGE

I NOT MEASUREMENT SENS1”l’lVEI

“---’” MIL-STD-188-198ANOTICE 112 October 1994

,

MILITARY STANDARDJOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERTS GROUP (JPEG) IMAGE COMPRESSION

FOR THE NATIONAL IMAGERY TRANSMISSION FORMAT STANDARD

TO ALL HOLDERS OF MlL-STD-l 88-198A:

1. THE FOLLOWING PAGES OF MIL-STD-188-198A HAVE BEEN REVISED AND SUPERSEDETHE PAGES LISTED:

‘L--’

NEW PAGE

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15 December 1993

12 October 1994

12 October 1994

12 October 1994

12 October 1994

12 October 1994

12 October 1994

12 October 1994

I2 October 1994

12 October 1994

15 December 1993

12 October 1994

12 October 1994

I2 October 1994

i2 October 1994

SUPERSEDED PAGE

cover

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DATE

reprinted without change

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

reprinted without change

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

15 December 1993

“k---” AMSC N/A AREA TCSSDISTR1t3[JTloiV STATEMKNT A. Appro\ d for public rckwsc; distribution is unlimited.

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MIL-STD-188-198A, NOTICE 1, 12 October 1994

2. RETAIN THIS NOTICE AND INSERT BEFORE TABLE OF CONTENTS.

3. Holders of MIL-STD- 188-198A will veri~ that page changes and additions indicated above have ~been entered. This notice page will be retained as a check sheet. This issuance, together with appended

pages, is a separate publication. Each notice is to be retained by stocking points until the military standard iscompletely revised or canceled.

Custodians:Army - SCNavy - OMAir Force -02

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2


NOT MEASUREMENTSENSITIVE

MIL-STD-188-198A

J5 Decetir 1993MIL-STD-188-19818 June 1993

MILITARY STANDARD

JOINT PHOTOGMPHIC EXPERTS GROUP (JPEG)IMAGE COMPRESSION

FOR THE

NATIONAL IMAGERY TRANSMISSION FORMAT STANDARD

“v

AREATCSSAMSC N/A

IsTRIBUTIONsTATE~~NTALApproved for public release; distribution is unlimitd.


Ml~.~”1’~-188-198A

NOTICE I

FORWARDw

1. The National Imagery Transmission Format Standard (’?WTFS)is the standard for formattingdigital imagery and imagery-re!ated products and exchanging them among members of the IntelligenceCommunity (lC) as defined by Executive Order 12333, the Department of Defense (DOD), and otherdepartments and agencies of the United States Government, as governed by Memoranda of Agreement(MOA) with those departments and agencies.

2. The National Imagery Transmission Format Standard Technical Board (_NTf3)developed thisstandard based upon currently available technical information.

3. The DOD and other IC members are committed to interoperability of systems used forformatting, transmitting, receiving, and processing imagery and imagery-related information. This standarddescribes the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression algorithm and establishes itsapplication within the NH’FS.

4. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and other pertinent data whichmay be of use in improving this document should be addressed to Defense Information Systems Agency(DISA), Joint Interoperability and Engineering Organization (JIEO), Center for Standards (CFS), Attention:T13CE,10701 Parkridge Boulevard, Reston, VA 22091-4398 by using the Standardization DocumentImprovement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter.

5. Portions of this document were reproduced from the Draft CCITT Recommendation T.81(1992) with prior authorization from the copyright holder, International Telecommunications Union (ITU). <DOD takes sole responsibility for the selection of portions from the ITU document for reproduction, withsubsequent additions or changes, which shmdd not be attributed to the ITU.

Supersedes page ii ofMlL-STII-188-198A.


MI L-S-l-D 188- 198ANOTICE 1

CONTENTSi-”

PARAGWPH

5.2.2.45.2.2.4.15.2.2.4.25.2.2.55.2.2.5.15.2.2 .5.1.15.2.2 .5.1.25.2.2 .5.1.35.2.2 .5.1.45.2.2 .5.1.55.2.2 .5.1.65.2.2 .5.1.75.2.2 .5.1.85.2.2 .5.1.95.2.2.5.1.105.2.2.5.1.115.2.2.5.1.125.2.2.5.2

\ 5.2.35.2.3.15.2.3.25.2.3.35.2.3.3.15.2.3 .3.1.15.2.3 .3.1.25.2.3 .3.1.35.2.3 .3.1.45.2.3 .3.1.55.2.3.3.25.2.3 .3.2.15.2.3 .3.2.25.2.3.3.35.2.3.3.4 .5.2.3.3.55.2.3 .3.5.15.2.3 .3.5.25.2.3 .3.5.35.2.3 .3.5.45.2.3 .3.5.55,2.3 .3.5.5.1

PAGE

Quantization tibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~Default quantiution males . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Custom quanti=tion wales.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Entropyencoder/d=oder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Huffrnancoding . . . . . $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

Coding models forHu-coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Forming tie DCsymbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Encoding tieDIWvdue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Forming the ACsymbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . &Encodtig tie ACmfficientvdues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-Iuffirmncodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~Huffina.ntiblegeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Default BITS andHUFFVAL@bles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Custom BITS andHUFFVAL@bles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Building tie Huffman ctiingtibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Huffinan e~od@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...2Huffman dead@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~Arithmeticcodtig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compress datiti@rchmgefomat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

46Markercdes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”.. . . “qBy&smffw........”””o”co ● “”O CO=**..-.......-’.’ ;;FormatofaJPEG compressedtige withi.na.nNITFfile. . . . . . . . .Single blmkJPEG compresdfomat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Single blwktigetitifomt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4848Frarnefomt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”.. .. 48Scan format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...” .. 49Restart in@rvds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”” ... 49Byte aligment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MultipleblockJPEG comprestifomt .........~.......””” ~~Multiple block image data format (IMODE=B or P) . . . . . . . . . . . .Multiple block image data format (IMODE=S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Rameheader. . . . . . ..”. c..” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”..”. ~~Scanheader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table-s~ifimtionmd tiscellmom markersegmenfi . . . . . . . . . . 55Quantiution mble-s~ifiwtion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Huffinan @ble-s~ification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Restart interval definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Comment segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

58

Application dawWWent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

N1TFAPP6appiication datawgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Supersedes page v of MIL-S’TD- 1N- 198A.\’

— ——


MIL-STD-188- !98.4NOTICE 1

CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH

5.2.3 .3.5.5.25.2.45.2.55.2.5.15.2.5.25.35.45.55.6

6.6.16.26.36.46.4.16.4.26.4.36.4.46.4.56.4.66.4.76.4.86.5

FIGURE

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.

uPAGE

NITFAPP7directo~ segments’.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...61Encoding prudmewiti mrkercties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Decoding praedure witimmkercties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62@ttition Ubles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......-.”””””.”..00.”.” 62Huffman tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Progressive DCT-bmdJPEGmde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Hierarchi~l JPEGmtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62LosslessJPEGmde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Regionofk@rest ewdtigWdti@l prcwesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

NOTX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “OO. .”. ”D. ””” O””” Oo--O+ooooo 6?Criti~l da@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”~.-.””””””+”Q”””W”W. ● -”” ‘jInput smpleprecision not80r12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Use ofrestart internal s..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Definition ofeffectivi~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Effectivity l -Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Effectivity 2-bsslesscting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~Effectivity 3- Regionofti&rest- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Effectivity 4-Multipleb~~ges .“”.’.”’””.”.....-”... M--- 64Effectivity 5-~ogmssivedtig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . flu’Effectivity 6-Hierwctiddkg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...65/66Effectivity 7-AfitieticX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..65/66Effectivity 8- Defense LnforxnatkmSystems Network (DISN) . . . . . . . . . . 65/66Subjwt Em(keyword) listi% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...65/66

Ewtier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..”...”.”.”...........’. .......... ~~NITFfile struc~re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “.a”””.”o”.o.”o.”..o..” ● “*. *..-...

18

DCT-based en@ers@lifidd@w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Preparation ofqWttiwfficienU foren~opyeting . . . . . . . . . . ...0.... ~~DCT.-basedd=Oderstiplifid dialYm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lossless eNdersimplifidd@Ym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$.. . . . . . . . . 223-sample prediction neighbored. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Component-interleave md~ble-switching control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24interleaved vs. ~n-ti~rlwved enctihg order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Interleaved order for components with different dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26P~itiofing me-pie sar@tige witi521i~ti 68smples tito8x8blmks . . 30Lowpass filter fordo~sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Supersedes page vi of MIL-STD-188-198A.1,j


MI LSTD-18S-ll JH-’\NOTICE 1

cONTENTSL

PAGEFIGURE

3314. Sample positiom forupsamplingmles . . . . . . ..<. ..”. .O. +O” S”O . ..” O 3615. Simplifid encdeflowch~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3716. Simplified decode flow chart . . . . . . . . . . ...”””””.””.”””” ...-” 451’7. Decoder table generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” . . ” -.”.””.-” ..”..”””” 4618. Huftinan decdepraedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4819. NTTFsingle blmkfile s~cmre(IMODE=B or) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20. NITFmultiple blmkfile stmc~re (IMODE=Bor P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~21. NITFmultiple blwkfile s~c~re(WODE=S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TABLE

‘L

I.11.HI.N.v.w.VII.VIII .Ix.x.XI.XII.XIII.XIV.xv.XVI.

40Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”.. 42AC symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..””...”. .“..”. 47Marker ctiesfor sequential DCT-based retie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <OFrame header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”.. ;;Variable frme header fields . . . . . . . ..........”........”...... . . . . . 54Scanheader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..”...... .,...”..” 55Variable scanheaderfields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”..... ...”....-...... 56Quantizationtible sPecifimtion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”” . . . . . . . . . . . 56Variable DQTw~entfields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-”.-... [email protected]~ification... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Variable DHTfiel& . . . . ...*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ”.+...... . . . ...””..” 58Restart titewal deftition ...+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+...... .....’”..”. 59Cornrnent segment . . . . . . ..jo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..t . . . . . ..-.6 59Applicationda~ segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...’..... .......””.... ~.NITFAPPb application da~segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62NITFAPP7 directory segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX

67A

. . . . . ..*.. . . . . . . . . . . . ‘..”. . . . . . ...” . ..’ .. . . . . . ...’ ..””. “ 73B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”.”””. .............”*”......... “..’;: 77c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...””. . . . . . . . . . ” . ” ” . ” . ””.”...’” ‘..., *3D . . . . . . . . ..” . . . . ..”” .$....”.. . .”......”.....-””..’””

‘L/

SLlpersedesPagevii of MIL-STD-188-198A.vii/\’iii


MIL-STD-l W 19SANOTICE 1

TABLE 111. -r cwor s~l DCT-based -.

.“u

5.2.3.2bytes is defined

OXFFCO SOFO- Baseline DCT

OXFFCI SOF, - Extended sequential DCT

0XFFC4 DHT - Define Huffman Table(s)

OXFFDO RSTO- Restart with modulo 8 count O

OXFFD1 RSTI - Restart with modulo 8 count 1

OXFFD2 RSTZ- Resw with modulo 8 count 2

OXFFD3 RST~- Restart with rnodulo 8 count 3

OXFFD4 RST, - Restart with modulo 8 count 4

OXFFD5 RST~- Restart with modulo 8 count 5

OXFFD6 RSTd- Restart with mmlulo 8 count 6

0XFFD7 RST7- Restart with modulo 8 count 7

OXFFD8 SOI - Start of Image

OXFFD9 EOI - End of ImageI

OXFFDA Sos - start of scan

OXFFDB DQT .- Define Quantization Table(s)I ... . .

OXFFDD “ DIU - ‘Define Restart Interval I

OXFFE6 APPG- NITF application segment A.,

OXFFE7 APP7-NITF directory segment

OXFFFE COM - Comment

Wes- . In the compressed data, any non-zero value following oneas a marker code,’where Ox indicates a hexadecimal number. Therefore,

or more OXFFwhenever, in the

“’%.../Supersedes page 47 of MIL-STD- IRF-198A.


.

MIL-STD-188-198ANOTICE 1

course of normal encoding, the byte vahe OXFFis created in the code string, a OXOObyte is stuffed intothe code string, after the created OXFF,to prevent the false detection of a marker code. If’an OXOObyte is u

detected after an OxFF byte, the decoder must discard it. If the byte is not zero, a marker code has beendetected and shall be interpreted to the degree needti to decode the data.

5.2.3.3 ~. . .

. The format for NITF imagedata compressed with the sequential DCT-based JPEG mode differs based on the number of blocks, bands,and IMODE value @,P,S). These different cases are described below.

5.2.3.3.1 ~e~.G c~ . The format for FJITF single block image datacompressed with the sequential DCT-based JPEG mode is shown on figure 19. -

MTFFNe I Imge$hador SwbhoadorI Imqe Dtt8/ \

0

0sol APPe I Frame

I_ ;ml

a d+-

-“ -- -

‘Cl[Sm n) *

—--“---- -_.-----

I

5.2.3 .3.1.1 ~e~.

. The top level of figure 19 specifies that the JPEGcompressed &ta is contained in the Image Data Field of the NITF file. The second level of figure 19specifies that the single block image format shall begin with an SOI marker, SW be immediately followedby the NITF APPbdata segment, shall contain one frame, and shall end with an EOI marker.

5.2.3.3.1.2 Eumd@ML The third level of figure 19 specifies that a frame shall begin with aframe header and shall contain one or more scans. A frame header may be preceded by one or more table-specification or miscellaneous marker segments. When present, the optional NTTFAPP7scan directorysegment precedes all other table-specifhtion or miscellaneous marker segments. When the NITF image

sub-header IMODE f~ld is set to B, there shall be n scans within the frame, one for each of thecomponents (n= 1 or 3). The scan directory segment is not ve~ useful when there is only one scan, andshould not be used. .JVhenthe IMODE field is set to P, there shall be a single scan within the frameconsisting of three interleaved components. NTTF does not allow the use of the JPEG DNL segmentwhich, when present, would follow the first scan in the frame.

5.2.3.3.1.3 Winf@ma The fourth ievel of figure 19 specifies that a scan shall begin with a scanheader and shall contain one or more restart intervais. A scan header may be preceded by one or moretable-specification or miscellaneous marker segments. When present, the optional NITF APP, restartinterval directory segment precedes al1other table-specifications or miscellaneous marker segments.

Supersedes page 48 of M IL-STD- 188- 198A.48


MIL-STD-1W198ANOTICE 1

5.2.3 .3,1.4 Jlestart interva~. FoHowing the scan header, each scan shall be encoded as a series ofuone or more restart internals. A restart interval is a self+mtained entropy-coded data segment that can bedecoded independently from the other intervals. Restart intervals are used for error recovery (6.3). If theimage were encoded as a single interval, any transmission error would render all subsequent image dataunusable. When several restart intervals are used, the effects of an error can be contained within a singleinterval. The restart internal is defined by the DRI marker in a miscellaneous marker segrnen[, and eachinterval, except the last, shall be followed by a marker code (RST.,, m=0,... ,7) where m is the intervalcount modulo eight. h JPEG,restart intervals are optional but NITF requires the use of restart markercodes with a restart interval no larger than the number of MCUS per block-row.

5.2.3 .3.1.5 ~. To achieve byte alignment at the end of a restart interval, anyincomplete byte is padded with one-bits. If this padding creates a OXFFvalue, a zero byte is stuti (see5.2.2.2) before adding the following OXFFprefix and marker code to prevent a decoder from interpretingthis incomplete byte as a marker code.

5.2.3.3.2 ~uhiple block~G co-ed fo~ . The format for NITF multiple block imagedata compressed with the sequential DCT-based JPEG mule is shown on figqre 20 for IMODE= B or P.‘..The corresponding format when IMODE = S is shown on figure 21. Default quantization tables andHuffinan j~bles shall apply to all blocks unless the compressed stre~ for that block includes custom tabledefinitions. There shall be no carryover of custom tables between blocks so that custom tables must beincluded in each block where the defaults are not used.

49

-—.- -—..


MIL-STD-188-IWANOTICE 1

NITF Ftle ImageHeader Subheader

Image Data& /

0 \ \First

+

Second — — — LastImage Block Image Block

d --—/ /

// 04/. /

sol APP6 Frame EOI sol Frame EOI‘ ---d*--- —- -4 -_

e -_/ -_

//P[App,] [tables/misc.] Frame Header -1 [s-n z]

::-- d ~--d-m-09---●

[APP,] [.tabieslmisc.] Scan Header First Restart Second Restartinterval interval

J _:32Yz!z3,

FIGURE 20. ITF -Ie bl~re (IMODE. = or P) .

●

NJ:~dgp imageSubheadw

image Data*

&=$==zii

First

/ /

Second - - -Image Block Image Block

-9—4

// 0/

v - /

sol APPo Frame EOI solI

Frame EO!,‘---lzlzl&3* -—0-W b

/4

/ +

[tables/mi8c ] Frame Header Scan 1

- -_m-----m-d-

[APP , ] [tables/misc.] Scan Header First Restart Second RestartInterval Interval~ . _:::-

FIGURE 21. cturc{~ODE

Supersedes page50 of MiL-STD-188- 198A.50

“’--..


M] L-Sr[’D-18&19SA

NOTICE !

5.2.3 .3.2.1 ~ul@bi~e data format (IMODE Bo r P). The top level of figure 20‘u’

=

specifies that the JPEG compressed data is contained in the [mage Qata Field of the NITF file. Thesecond level of figure 20 specifies that this multiple block image format shall begin with the compresseddata for the first image block and shall be followed by the compressed data for each image block, one afterthe other, left to right, top to bottom. The third level of figure 20 specifies that each compressed blockshall begin with an SOI marker, shall contain one frame, and shall end with an EOI marker. The firstblock differs from the others. The SOI marker in the first block shall be immediately followed by theNITF APP6data segment. The format below this level is identical to the single block case previouslydescribed in5.2.3.3.l.

5.2.3 .3.2.2 ~ODE.

The use of this IMODE requires thatthe image contain multiple blocks and multiple bands, othe~ise IMODE shall be set to B or P. The toplevel of figure 21 specifies that the JPEG compressed data is contained in the Image Data Field of theNITF file. The second level of figure 21 specifies that this multiple block image format shall begin withthe compressed data for the first image band and shall be followed by the compressed data for each imageband, one after the other, f~st to last. The third level of figure21 specifies that each compressed imageband shall consist of the compressed data ( for that band) for each image block, one after the other, left toright, top to bottom. The fourth level of figure 21 specifies that each compressed block shall begin withan SOI marker, shall contain one frame, and shall end with an EOI marker. The fust band differs fromthe others. The SOI marker in the first block of the first band shall be immediately followed by the NITFAPPGdata segment. The format below this level is identical to tie single block case previously describedin 5.2.3.3.1 with each frame containing only one scan that contains the compressed data from only oneband. Since there is only one scan there will be no scan directory segment.

5.2.3.3.3 Emmdadm The fkame header specifies the source image characteristics, thecomponents in the frame, the sampling factors for each component, and selects the quantization table to beused with each component. The format is shown in table IV with variable fields specified in table V forthe different image types.

‘~

Superscck.< page 5] of MlL-STD-l 88-198A.51

______________ __---—_ _____ _____ ____ ---- ———-—————_——_——_——__P..A -c mm-l ln_z A__


MIL-S-l’D-188-198A

TABLE IV. Frame heade~.

Field Field length

offset Value Nme (bytes)

o see table V SOF.

7 1-65535

9 see table V

11 see table V

L,

P

Y

x

Nf

Ec,H,VI

2

2

1

2

2

1

comments

start of frame. SOFOis used for “Baselti—

DCT sequential” m~e when P= 8. WhenP= 12, SOFI must be used for “ExtendedDCT sequential, Huffmm coding”.Essentially, Baseline requires: sequenttiDCT, P=8; Huffim coding; 8-bitqua.nttition tables; and no more than twosets of Huffinan tables. Extetid Sequentialallows: P= 12, arithmetic coding; 16-bitqmtition tables, and Up to fow sets ofHuffhn tables.

Length of parametem = (8 +3N~)

Sample precision, 8 or 12, (see SOFnnote)

Number of lines (note O is not allowd)

Numkr of samples per line

Number of componen~ per frame, 1 or 3

1 Component nu.rnhr = 0 (R or W

1 Horizon@ & vertical sampl@ factors

12 see table V TQ ~ 1 Quanttition table selectorw

13 1 c* i component number = 1 (G or Cb) if N~=3

14 1 HorizonM & vertical sampling factors if Nf=3we table V H2V2

15 1 Quanttition table selector if Nf=3see tab}eV TQZ

16 2 Cg 1 component number = 2 (B or Cr) if Nf=3

17 H3V3 1 Horizontal & vertical sampling factors if N~=3see table V

18 Quanttition table seiector if Nr=3see table V TQJ 1 A

Reprin(ed wi[hout change.52


MIL-STD-188- 198ANOTICE 1 {

TABLE XIII. ~sL‘u’

Field Field length

offset Value Name (bytes) comments

o OXFFFE COM 2 Comment marker.

2 2-65535 L, 2 Segment length (2+ length of comment).

4 0-255 Cml-Cmb.z LC-2 Comment bytes.

5.2.3 .3.5.5 ~ . JPEG defines an application data segment with the general

structure in table XIV. Sixteen different application marker codes are def~~d: APPO- APP~withcomesponding values OXFFEO- OX-F.

TABLE XIV. ~n data seg.UK2U.

f

Field Field length

Offset Value Name (bytes) comments

o :gpF- APPn 2 Application data marker: APPO- APP~.

b 2 2-65535 h 2 Segment length (2+ length of application &ta).

4 0-255 AP,.AP%.2 J$2 Application &ta bytes.

,,

5.2.3 .3.5.5.1 F AP-hcafion data. . se-. NITF requires the use of an APPGapplication

data segment. Optioml APP7directo~ segments can also be used. No other application data segmen~shall be present in the compressd data. The ‘NITF APPb application data segment shall immedhtely

follow the f~st SOI marker in the Image Data Field. The NITF APP&application data segment contati

information which is needed by an interpreter liut not supportti by the ISO/CCITT JPEG format. Most ofthis information is aiso present in some field~ of the NITF image subheader (COMR-AT, H2EPBAND,NBPP, etc.). The format for APPb is shown in table XV.

Supersedes page 59 of MI L-STD- 188- 198A.


FieldoffSet Value

21 G2

22 8 or 1223 1

24 1

25 0

FieldName

streamColor

Stream BitsHorizontalFiltering

verticalFiltering

Flags

MI L-S’rD- !88- 198ANOTICE 1

Ilength(bytes) ‘comments

1 Compresd color repmsen~tion. Three values amdefined at this time.

O- monochromeI - RGB2- YCbCr601

1 Compressed image sample precision.1 This field specifies the filtering used in the horizonti

‘1

direction p~or to subsmpling the c~orni-sarmdes. One value is clef- at this time. I

i - Centered samples, [1/2, 1/2] filter1 This fieid specifies the fltering used in the vertid

‘1 &ection p~or W wbq@ tie c~o~samdes. One value is defhd at this time. I—.—

i - Centerd samples, [1/2, 1/2] filter

2 Reserved for future use.

5.2.3 .3.5.5.2 mL~7~The NITF APP, directo~ segments are used to

provide random access to the variable len@ compress~ data segments. APPTsewnm wn* adirectory of offset info-tion for a series of scans or resin inmds depetikg on the directoIY type. Inall cases, offwts are measurd from the begtig of the Image Daw Field in the NITF file to thebeginning of the elemnt. The number of entries depends on the directory type and is the number of

(resin intewals per scau) or (- per block) for directo~ types: ‘R’ and ‘S’, respectively. The formatfor APP7 is shown in table XVI where all integers are stored in big endian format. The numbr ofdirecto~ entries can be very large for restart interval directories. In these cases it is possible for adticto~ to exd the, approxtitely 64 kbyte, segment limitation fixed by the 2 byte L field at offwt 2in any JPEG application data segment. Since each element rex@rcs 4 bytes in the directory, this trmhhs

to a maximum of 16,382 entries. When a logical dir=tory contati more that 16,382 elemenw, they must

be split betwwn more that one physical dtiory. In this case, multiple APP7directory segrnen~ must

follow each other with no other intervening data and they must be of the same dir-tow type (resininterval). Each additiod APP7&rectorY contafi those elements, in the same order, that would have. . . .been present in the directory had there been no size lumtition.

SLlpersedes page 60 of MIL-STD- 188-198A.60


i.=-’

offset21

22

23

24

25

L-”

Ml L-S1”D-1W 198,ANOTICE 1

TABLE XV. ~-o” @ ‘e~en[- Continued.

Zi!7o-2 ‘

8 or 12

1

1

0

●

Field length

Name (-bytes) comments

Stream 1 Compressed color represen~tion. Three values are

Color defined at this time.O- monochrome1- RGB2- YCbCfll

Stream Bits 1 Compressd image sample pr=ision.

Horizontal 1 This field specifies the fiitering used in the hortionti

Filtering direction prior to subsampltig the chrobasamples. One value is defbed at this tire.

1- Centered samples, [1/2, 1/2] filter

Vertical 1 This field specifies the filtering used in the vertical

Filtering direction prior to subsa.mpling the CbO*Ksanmles. One value is defhed at this time.

i - Centered samples, [1/2, 1/2] filter

Flags 2 Reserved for fhture use.

5.2.3 .3.5.5.2 ~~f?@=QQ’ *- The NITFAPP7dimbg segments are used to

provide random access to the variable length compres~ data segmen~. APP7 segxnen~ contiin adirecto~ of offset infomtion for a series of scam or res~ intervals depetiti on the dirmtory wpe. Inall cases, offsets are measud from the begtig of the Image Data Field in the NITF fde to thebeginning of the element. The nunhr of entries depe@ on the directo~ ~ and is the number of

(restart intends per scan) or (scans per block) for directo~ types: ‘R’ and ‘S’, res~tively. The formatfor APP7 is shown in table XVIwhere all integers are stord in big endia.nfo-t. The numkr ofdirecto~ entries can be very large for restart interval directori~. In these cases it is possible for adirmto~ to exceed the, approxti~ly 64 kbyte, segment limitation fixed by the 2 byte ~ field at offset 2in any JPEG application data segment. Since each element requires 4 bytes in the directo~, this translates

to a maximum of 16,382 entries. When a logical directory contains more that 16,382 elemen~, they must

be split between more that one physical directo~. In this case, multiple APP7directory segments must

follow each other with no other intervetig data and they must be of the same directo~ type (res~intend). Each additioti APP7 dir-tog contains those elements, in the same order, that would have. .been p~sent in the dirwto~ had there been no size limitation.


..

MIL-STD- 188-198ANOTICE 1

TABLE XVI.%0+

length(bytes)I Field I Field

Offset Value Name comments INITF directory segment marker. Io I OXFFE7 I APP7 2

2 Segment length (2+ length of applicationdata).

2 I4N+5 L,

4 OX52, DirectoryOX53 Type

1 Directo~ type. Two values are defined atthis time.

‘R’ - Restart Interval Directory‘S’ - Scan Directory

Number of directory entries. Note Ois notallowed. Maximum value of N (16,382)maximizes L at 65533.

5 N 2

Offset to first element in this directory.(restart interval, scan).

7

I

1St offset 4

11 I [ 2nd Offset 4 Offset to second element in this directory. IOffset to last element in this directory. I4N+3 I I Last Offset 4

5.2.4 ~e w~r codes.

. Figure 15 illustrates the overall encodingprocedure when the marker codes are added to the entropy-coded data segments.

5.2.5 Qec~.,~~ c-.

. Figure 16 illustrates the overall decodingprocedure when the marker codes are added to the entropy-coded data segments.

5.2.5.1 ~. If the DQT marker is not in the compressed data, then informationfrom the COMRAT field in the NTTF image subheader (defined in MIL-STD-2500A) shall be interpretedto determine the appropriate default table(s). If the DQT marker is in the compressed data, then this tablespecification shall take precedence over any defaults specified in the COMRAT field.

5.2.5.2 ~. If the DHT marker is not in the compressed data, then the defaultHuffman table, from Appendix B, for this image data type, image sample precision, and image color shallbe used. [f the DHT ~ker is in the compressedover any defaults.

data, then this table specification shall take precedence

(Effectivity 5)5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

ve DCT-baS.edJPEG m.

JPljQuK@.(Effectivity 6)

~. (Effecti’iv 2)

. .n of~. (Effectivity 3)

!$upcrsedes page 62 of MJL-SI’D- I%8-198A.62


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I RECOMMEND A CHANGE:1 OOCUMENT NUMBER 2 00CUMENT DATE (YYMMDD)

MtL-sTD-188-198A 931215

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