notes parts of speech

8/10/2019 NOTES Parts of Speech

1/4

PARTS OF SPEECH NOTESEight Parts of Speech:

NNNooouuunnn:::a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

common noun: is general name of person, place, or thing.

example: That boyis four years old.

proper noun:is a name of a particular person, place, or thing.

example: My son goes to Northwoods Elementary School.

abstract noun:

is a name of an idea or feeling. It cannot be seen, heard or touched.

example: Honestyis the best policy.

PPPrrrooonnnooouuunnn:::a word that takes the place of one or more nouns

Max always supports hissoccer team.

Antecedent:the word or group of words that a pronoun replaces, or refers to.

Maxalways supports his soccer team.

personal pronoun (refers to a specific person/thing or shows possession)first person: I, me, my, mine, we, us our, ours

second person:you, your, yours

third person:he, him, his, she, her, hers, it , its, they, them, their, theirs

reflexive pronoun (has self/selves in it):myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,yourselves, themselves

indefinite pronoun (do not refer to a specific person/thing and dont have antecedents):

all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone,everything, few, many, most, neither, none, no one, nothing, one, several, some, someone,something

demonstrative pronoun (points out certain people or things): this, that, these, those

interrogative pronoun (used to ask a question): who, whom, which, what

noun (names) adverb(describes, limits)

pronoun (replaces) preposition(relates)

verb (states action or being) conjunction(connects)

adjective (describes, limits) interjection(expresses strong feeling)


2/4

VVVeeerrrbbb:::a word used to express action (run), existence (is) or occurrence(happen).

action verb: tells what the action a subject is performing. (shows action, movement, mentalaction or ownership)

First find the subject. Then ask yourself what did the subject do?example: The bat flewsilently across the dark sky.

(The subject is bat. What did the bad do? Flewis the action verb.)

Physical Action: lives Mental Action: believe Ownership: have

helping verb: auxiliary verb that helps to make up a verb phrase.

VERB PHRASE: is the main verb plus one or more helping verbs.

example: We have been askingfor a pet for a long time.

linking verb: links the subject with another word that renames or describes the subject. alsocalled state-of-being verbs; verbs that do not show action.

example: Last month wasunusually cold.

(was links month with cold.)

Common Helping Verbs

be am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

have has, have, had

do do, does, did

others may, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would

Common Forms of BE Used asLinking Verbs

be was could be have been

is were should be has been

am shall be may becould havebeen

are will be might bemust havebeen

AdditionalLinking Verbs

appear look sound

become remain stay

feel seem taste

grow smell turn


3/4

VVVeeerrrbbb:::CONTINUED..

regular verb: forms its past and past participle by adding ed or dto the present..

irregular verb: does not form its past and past participle by adding ed or dto the present..

example: See the Irregular Verbs hand out!!!!! Six groups and a set of six problem verbs.

AAAdddjjjeeeccctttiiivvveee:::a word that is used to describe or modify a noun or pronoun.It answers questions = Which one? What kind/type? How many?

What Kind? : freshwater hot, dryday southernstate

How Many/Much? : threedays manynights norain

Which One? : thatdesert thosecamels thisjeep

AAAdddvvveeerrrbbb:::a word that used to describe or modify a verb, adjective, or otheradverb. it makes writing more precise or exact.It answers questions = How? Where? When? To What Extent?

How? : The giraffe stepped carefully.

Where? : The zebra headed north.

When? : Then it reached for a leaf.

To What Extent? : The reporter almost photographed the antelope.

examples:

PRESENTPRESENTPARTICIPLE PAST

PASTPARTICIPLE

stretch (is) stretching stretched (have) stretchedjog (is) jogging jogged (have ) jogged

bury (is ) burying buried (have) buried


4/4

PPPrrreeepppooosssiiitttiiiooonnn:::a word that shows the relationship between a noun/pronounand another word in the sentence. It shows position, direction, or time andintroduces a prepositional phrase.

beforethe intersectionThe building atthe intersection is the school.

acrossthe intersectionafterthe intersection

CCCooonnnjjjuuunnnccctttiiiooonnn:::a word that connects words or groups of words. Used with acomma, they can make a compound sentence.

and but or yet both either neither/nor

IIInnnttteeerrrjjjeeeccctttiiiooonnn:::a word that expresses a strong feeling.

some examples: aha oh ugh yes yikes goodness

well wow oops ouch yippee hooray

AAArrrtttiiicccllleee:::a word that modifies a nouns; make nouns more specific; NOT anadjective (a, an, the)

Use abefore a word that begins with a consonant sound.

Use anbefore a word that begins with a vowel sound.

examples: awildflower adune anhour anoasis

examples:

about behind from over

above below in through

across beneath inside into

after beside into toward

against between near under

along beyond of untilamong by off up

around down on with

at during out within

before for outside without

notes parts of speech

Documents