तततवबोधः

1

Notes on Tattvabodha

By

Jayantilal G Patel

Based on Lectutres

By

Swami Paramarthananda

तततवबोधः

2

तततवबोध = आतमजञान ndash Self-Knowledge knowledge of our own nature leads to Moksha

Introduction - तततवबोधाः ः - Benefits of Tattvabodha

मोकषः - Liberation

पञचाः ः ndash Five benefits

जिजञ स जिवजतः जवदय िनदपर जतः

आतमजवदय िनदपर जतः

क पपणयजिवजतः

प रतनयजिवजतः आघ तजिवजतः दकषत पर जतः

जिव िगत ईशवर

जिजञासा

ननतयशदधबदधमकतः असङगः सववगतः सवररव पः तवम असस

पररह र ndash remediable

अपररह य पथ ण म

पर व नयजिकरोजत

ोकत कत प

र गः दवषः

क मः

करोधः

ाःो ः

वयथयजत

Removing natural

tendency to know

curiosity most importantly

curiosity about my

self who am I where did I come

from etc

Intellectual

satisfaction

Joy of knowing one-

self it is available

all the time Sense of insecurity goes

away Sense of fear

and all emotional problems go away

जवदय िनदः

Freedom from

desperation

helplessness I

donrsquot depend on the craving for external

sources of pleasure

Freedom from

painful experiences

of ldquo remedy-lessrdquo situation serves as

shock absorber It is

emotional sock absorber Shock

coat

जञानकवचम

कताव कायवदकषताा परापनोनत Improving

efficiency in any

field of activity because I donrsquot have

desperate

dependence So my mind is relaxed and

calm

जिजञ स जिवजतः - removing natural tendency to know curiosity exploration curiosity about self world (Prakruti) and

creator GOD जिव िगत ईशवर जिजञासा most importantly curiosity about self

जवदय िनदपर जतः - Vidya-Ananda objective pleasures are wonderful but being unpredictable there is a lot of stress and strain

involved Vidya-Ananda can serve as a wonderful standby (like a back up system) pleasure Once we know

that there is a standby we feel relaxed With Vidyananda we are not desperate to get joy from the wordly

objects If the wordly objects give me pleasure it is wonderful but if they donrsquot I have Vidyananda to give

me joy It is a permanent source of joy

आतमजवदय िनदपर जतः - joy of knowing oneself it is available all the time ननतयशदधबदधमकत असङगः सववगतः सवररव पः तवम असस क पपणय़जिवजतः - freedom from desperation helplessness

आघ तजिवजतः - freedom from painful (shocking) experiences

पररह र - remediable

अपररह य पथपः - situations with no remedy ldquochoice less situationsrdquo ldquonon-remediablerdquo But impact can be altered

ोकत - receiver of experiences goes through emotional reactions- रागः दवषः कामः करोधः लोभः belong to भोकता and they disturb him

कत प - performer of action I want to do a lot of things in life Efficiency of कताव depends on the condition of

भोकता If भोकता can be improved the efficiency of the कताव can be improved आघातननवजततः leads to

better performance in life

Performance of actions improves

दकषत पर जतः - Improving efficiency (दकषता) in whatever we do in life because of the balanced mind This is because as an

experiencer (भोकता) you have the ldquoshock absorberrdquo (आघातननवजततः) therefore your mind is poised calm

and therefore you can perform well

तततवबोधः

3

Sources of the Self-Knowledge

2 ndash Prayer

-------------------

Four Layers of Scriptures concentrating on ldquoSelf-Knowledgerdquo

1 Srutis or Vedas - Original source was discovered by the Rishis in meditation They received this knowledge All

Upanishads come in Sruti

2 Smruti ndash Body of literature written by the Rishis who elaborated the contents of the Srutis Rishis are the authors of the

Smruti Bhagavad Gita comes under Smruti

3 Sutra - Brahma Sutrarsquos literature ndash Sutra literature is also authored by Rishis It gives logical support to the contents

given in the Srutis and Smrutis It helps the intellect It reinforces the Sruti and Smruti with Tarka or Nyaya Bhrama

Sutra is called नयाय-परसथानम These three are called परसथानतरयम - Prasthanatrayam ndash the three ways or three paths

of knowing

4 Prakaranams are authored by various Acharyas and Gurus like Sankaracharya and his disciples There are many

Prakaranams written by innumerable Acharyas

Prakaranams are written with modern examples It is easier than the first three One should start with the Prakaranam and then go

to the first three One of the very simple Prakaranam is तततवबोधः It is a comprehensive prose work written by a disciple of

Acharya Vasudeva Saraswati belonging to Kanchi tradition Tattvabodharsquos first benefit is systematically acquiring Self-

Knowledge Its second benefit is that the author is systematically introducing the technical terms (पररभाषा) jargons used in

scriptures which are almost impossible to translate

Success always depends on 1) सवपरयतनम our own effort and 2) ईशवरानगरहः the grace of the Lord by which all the other factors

should be favorable दवम = unpredictable + uncontrollable factors egcyclones and earthquakes Luck is ईशवरानगरहः We offer

prayers to alter दवम We offer invocatory verses पराथवनाशलोकाः ईशवरपराथवना is replaced by गरपराथवना

मागलाचरण ndash गरपराथवना वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Having saluted Sri Vasudeva the King of Yogis (here Acharya Vasudeva Saraswati) the Guru who is the bestower of Jnana the knowledge of the ldquoTruthrdquo expounds the Tattva Bodharsquo for the benefit of the seekers desiring liberation

जञानपरदम ndash who has given knowledge lamp of wisdom

गरम ndash ग means darkness or ignorance र means light ndash गर means removing darkness by light

तततव ोधः means the Self-Knowledge is presented by me असभधीयत (मया) हहताथावय ndash for the benefit

ममकषः ndash seeker of Moksha 5-fold benefits put together is called Moksha

Guru Prayer गरपराथवना and Ishvar Prayer ईशवरपराथवना are the same for us since Guru is considered the same as God

यसय दव परा भजकतः यथा दव तथा गरौ तसयत कथथताः हयथ पः परकाशनत महातमनः परकाशनत महातमन इनत शवतासवरोपननषतद ndash ६-२३

यसय दव परा भजकतः (अजसत) यथा दव तथा गरौ (अपप भजकतः अजसत) तसय महातमनः हह (indeed only) एत कथथताः (taught spoken) अथावः (meanings truths) परकाशनत परकाशनत महातमनः इनत

These truths when taught will reveal themselves only to that ldquohigh-souledrdquo one who has intense devotion to God and

an equal devotion to the spiritual teacher They shine forth in that ldquohigh-souledrdquo one only

तततवबोधः

4

Method for the fit-Aspirant for Self-liberation - मोकषः साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

We will explain for those who are endowed with the fourfold qualification (Sadhana Chatushtaya) the mode of

discrimination which is the means for liberation

The author introduces the text in a very beautiful and systematic manner He tells 3 points in this line

1) What is the subject to be taught पवषयः 2) for what benefit purpose etc परयोिनः 3) to whom (audience the target

group) अथधकारी

Subject - पवषयः तततवजववकपरक र- Method of self-analysis self-inquiry will lead to self-knowledge तततव yourself आतम

पववकः ndash analysis self-inquiry discrimination

परकारः ndash method procedure For what benefit परयोिनः

मोकषसाधनभता ndash that which is a means for attaining Moksha साधनम ndasha means a cause ndash भतम ndash in the

form of

For whom the target audience - अथधकारी साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा ndash prepared students endowed with 4-fold virtues अथधकारी ndash prepared student

समपनः ndash endowed with virtue साधनचतषटय 4-fold virtues qualifications

गरः teaches आतमजञानम to qualified person अथधकारी for liberation मोकषः

Fourfold Effort साधनचतषटया ककम २

What are the four fold qualifications If we donrsquot have them they need to be acquired

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१

The capacity to discriminate between the permanent and the impermanent the dispassion for the enjoyment of the fruits

of ones actions here and hereafter the group of six accomplishments beginning with Sama and the yearning desire for liberation are the four fold qualifications

पववकः ndash Discrimination is clarity of thinking Clear thinking is the primary ornament It is also called discrimination in

a positive sense

पवरागः ndash Dispassion is freedom from all types of addictions all types of sensory slavery and emotional ldquohooksrdquo

Any passion creates tension

षटकसापजततः ndash Discipline is the inner wealth of the 6-fold self-discipline

ममकषतवा ndash Desire of Moksha Giving requires a giver and a ready and wanting receiver

तततवबोधः

5

साधनचतषटयम

4-Qualifications = 4-Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा Clear Thinking

Nitya vs Anitya Freedom From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation Inner Wealth Intense Yearning

Healthy Desire

ननतयम ndash permanent

अननतयम ndash impermanent

Discrimination is clear awareness of the fact about what is permanent and what is impermanent Why should we know

that In order to avoid wrong expectations Permanent happiness cannot come from impermanent things Permanent

security cannot come from impermanent things Most of the sorrows are caused by my own wrong expectation No like

and no dislike is permanent with regard to things and people also Body changes mind changes value changes and so

we cannot expect them to be permanent Permanent happiness comes from permanent source

The clarity of thinking between what is permanent and what is impermanent is called पववकः पवरागः ndash freedom from addiction obsession craving madness or slavery with regard to sense pleasure Author is not

against the sense pleasures but author is against the addiction to sense pleasures The sense pleasure is divided into

इहाथव - the sense pleasures available here at present time and अमतराथव - the future sense pleasures in a different time

and place (अमतर means सवगव) Humans are obsessed with both ie the here and the future (building castles in the air)

We are so preoccupied with the future that we leave the present

फलम ndash कमवफलम ndash the result of your own effort at present and in future

भोगः ndash enjoyment

शमः ndash disciplined mind - mental discipline of thoughts

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ What is meant by the discrimination between the eternal (permanent) and the ephemeral (impermanent) ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२

Brahman alone is the only one ननतयवसत the eternal factor Everything else is Anitya ie impermanent This

conviction is the discrimination Everything we come across is impermanent even earth sun and stars are

impermanent

There is one permanent thing and that is Brahman Brahman means a limitless entity space and ldquotime wiserdquo limitless

बहत means big All pervading eternal entity is Brahman Other than that Brahman everything else is impermanent It

is free from ldquospace-wiserdquo (all pervading) and ldquotime-wiserdquo limitation (eternal present at all times) Brahman means

eternal all-pervading entity Though Brahman is everywhere only I have to discover that Brahman

तद यनतररकता सववम अननतयम ndash Everything else is impermanent

Brahman alone is permanent all pervading (not spatially limited) and eternal ndash not limited by time

God is present everywhere and at all times Brahman alone is the real source of permanent happiness and security

Everything else is impermanent अयम एव ननतय अननतयवसतपववकः ndash This understanding alone is called discrimination

4 - Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- पवरागः कः ४-१

What is dispassion

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

It is the absence of desire for the enjoyment of the fruits of onersquos actions in this world and in the other world

तततवबोधः

6

राहहतयम - absense of addiction slavery from इचछा which is passion addiction slavery total dependence with regard

to sense pleasures भोगष Sensory pleasure is of two types अधासमवक unethical immoral and this should be totally

avoided धासमवक कामः भोगः ndash moderation of this type of sensory pleasure Develop good addiction to remove bad

addiction Later good addiction should be transcended through wisdom (सववधमावन पररतयजय मामका शरणा वरि) When

इह ndash here at present and सवगव ndash in heaven in future

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ What are the accomplishments of Sadhana starting with Sama

Sampatti means wealth here it is meant internal wealth

शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ They are Sama Dama Uparama Titiksha Sraddha and Samadhana

शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ What is Sama It is control or mastery over the mind

शमः means शाजनतः शाजनतः means समतवम Therefore शमः means peace of mind poise of mind tranquility of mind It

is mind free from stress and strain Why is peace of mind needed अशानतसय मनोभारः Mind of a disturbed person is

heavy For one without peace of mind life becomes a ldquodraggingrdquo life A ldquolight-mindrdquo alone can be used as an

instrument for accomplishing our goal Therefore शासतर calls the mind a अनतः करणम करणम means an instrument

Only a ldquolight-mindrdquo can be carried by me and used as an instrument by me A peaceful mind is required for the

physical health also Even our intelligence can be utilized only when our mind is calm Disturbed mind is a VIRUS

meaning ldquoVital Information Resources under Seizerdquo शाजनत alone gives you happiness So manage your mental stress

How to do it तततवबोध does not teach you the method Krishna gives the method in Bhagavad Gita

मनः is an internal sense organ

दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४

What is Dama It is control or mastery over external sense organs

ननगरहः means mastery control इजनरय means sense organ बाहय external चकषराहद eyes tongue ears etc

Control does not mean suppression शासतर does not believe in suppression because it will explode later Control means

intelligently channelizing them I want the senses to go wherever I desire eg water is channelized with a dam Proper

direction of the sense organs is required sensory control is required Why Our mental condition is dependent on our

sense organs because they alone decide which part of the world should enter my mind Sense organs are the gate ways

They are the doors they decide which part of the world which sound must enter into me which form must enter into

me what smell must enter into me etc What enters my mind is determined by sense organs If sense organs are not

properly managed anything and everything will enter my mind This causes a security problem A security person is

needed Whatever causes internal disturbance will have no permission to enter inside No entry without permission No

trespassing allowed This is called दमः or sensory control which is required for mental health And mental health is

required for the pursuit of the knowledge

उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

What is Uparama It is the strict observance of onersquos own duty

Meanings

1) Maintenance of the peace of mind acquired through शमः Preventing the mind from further disturbance

2) सनयासाशरमः is उपरमः a monastic life itself is called उपरमः 3) सवधमावनषठानम ndash There are five types of activities

Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma Kamya Karma Prayaschita Karma Nishiddha Karma Retain the first two

namely Nitya and Naimitika and reduce the other three - Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma ndash सवधमव

तततवबोधः

7

Nitya and Naimitika are conducive to the spiritual growth ie Vedanta friendly Just like exercise is needed for

physical growth activities are needed for spiritual growth Spiritual growth oriented activities or spiritual

activities are Nitya and Naimitika Karmas

- Kamya Karma ndash materialistic activities

- Prayaschita Karma or Parihara Karma is meant to neutralize nullify our own past negative actions They are like

medicinal Karmani

- Nishiddha Karmas are Vedanta unfriendly prohibited actions They are beneficial to me but will be harmful to

others We should avoid these types of Karmas We should study them so that they are diligently avoided

Uparama is the state of mind and senses that has withdrawn from the world of objects When Sama and Dama become

natural Uparama is automatically is achieved In Sama and Dama the mind and senses may be amongst objects but are

restrained with alertness but in Uparama they are automatically withdrawn from objects The example given in the

Gita is of the tortoise that withdraws its head and limbs effortlessly into its shell

उपरमः Strict Observance of Onersquos Own Duty DOs

Gradual Increase and doing only these

DONrsquoTrsquos

Gradual Decrease and ultimate avoidance of these

Nitya Naimitika Kamya Prayaschit Nishiddha

उपरमः is gradual increase of DOs and Gradual reduction of DONrsquoTrsquos

Sri Sankaracharya defines Uparama is the strict observance of onersquos own duties Duties come to all of us according to

our age position and place in life Many of us revolt against their performance or do so out of force or habit often

bored and burdened by them A student dislikes studies and goes to school as though to oblige his parents But when

onersquos duties are performed with enthusiasm and dedication not only does the performance bring joy but the mind

becomes steady single pointed free of likes and dislikes peaceful and withdrawn The highest form of Uparama is

when one remains in onersquos ultimate and true nature सवधमव which is Existence-Consciousness-Bliss Outer withdrawal

and performance of onersquos duty are necessary to reach that state So कमवयोगः leads one to जञानयोगः

5 ndash Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

What is Titiksha It is the endurance patience forbearance of heat and cold pleasure and pain etc

This is an important and useful discipline for spiritual seekers and non-spiritual people too This is because

every one has to face painful experiences in life no onersquos life is a uniform path of roses In Puranas we find good and

bad people confront pain Rama Krishna and Shiva faced many painful experiences Life involves pleasurable and

painful experience of various gradations Some are physical and some are mental pain Physical is called याथध and

mental is called आथध आथध याथध सहहता िनम When we go through pain it is not a comfortable happy thing When

there is pain in the mind the mind itself becomes a burden भारः अशानतसय मनोभारः The mind of a disturbed person

is heavy With a heavy mind even conducting life itself becomes a very difficult thing and there is no question of

undertaking any constructive activity Taking to spiritual study becomes still more difficult Therefore every human

being needs to find methods of handling pain How to handle pain We try conventional methods

1) Find solution or remedy for the pain by bringing out appropriate changes in the condition Sometimes this

remedial measure works but often they are very expensive physically mentally ldquotime-wiserdquo ldquoenergy-wiserdquo and

ldquostress-wiserdquo The load is shifted from the left shoulder to the right shoulder It replaces one pain with the other

2) We go on tolerating the pain because the remedy is not appropriate This will cause pressure to mount up in the

mind and body Time comes when we are not able to handle the pain the pain gets converted to anger and

explodes We let out the pressure and steam This is transferring my pain to the other

3) We cannot explode because of the situation therefore we silently suppress for years and years and years I

victimize myself so I become a useless worthless person Suppression is not appropriate because I suffer myself

4) Scriptures talk about the 4th solution God has given us the capacity to tolerate pain to withstand pain and it is

called Titiksha The tolerance threshold varies from person to person Pain is not pain when it is within the

threshold It is pain when it goes beyond the threshold By right Sadhana and understanding if we increase the

threshold what others call pain it will not be looked upon as pain Pain is very subjective Titiksha means

increasing the level of endurance patience impunity or resistance power Mental resistance is increased A

healthy mind has a high resistance power so that most of the situations in life which other people call pain is not

तततवबोधः

8

pain at all to him This is elevation of the threshold level सहहषणतवम ndash endurance putting up with patience

forbearance tolerance etc At physical level it is called endurance at mental level it is called patience Both

together are called Titiksha सहहषणतवम endurance with respect to heat and cold - शीतोषणम means the physical

capacity to withstand the ups and downs in the physical conditions around us This is physical endurance One

should develop endurance because it helps in the development of concentration सहहषणतवम endurance with

respect to happiness and sorrow - सखदखम means endurance with respect to emotional pain It is caused by

people around us our own family members We have got high expectation about how the husband should treat us

or wife should treat us how the children should treat us how the daughter-in-law should treat us how the grand

children should treat us how the boss should treat us etc We have got expectations any expectation not fulfilled

comes as pain It can be caused by their behavior it can be caused by their language (also body language) when

you are talking to a person and that person looks elsewhere The more sensitive you are greater the pain

Therefore sensitivity should always go with tolerance In fact greater the sensitivity greater should be the

tolerance otherwise life will be miserable Other आहद means all the unfavorable conditions You should have the

capacity to bring शीतोषणसखदःखाहद within your tolerance limit That means you should make the tolerance limit

higher and higher After increasing the limit if the child misbehaves I am correcting him because it is not good

for the child to grow misbehaving and not because of my intolerance but because the situation has to be improved

Therefore correction based on intolerance is a form of suffering it is a struggle in life Therefore increase your

Titiksha level

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७

What is the nature of Shraddha Faith in the words of the Guru and in the scriptures is Sraddha

Shraddha means faith पवशवासः शरदधा Faith in Guru and scriptures - गरवदानतवाकयष Spiritual teacher is called Guru

Guru is one who dispels internal darkness ie ignorance Vedanta says all problems are because of ignorance

Emotional problem means Samsara Ignorance is bacteria The antibiotic is the knowledge tablet a therapy to cure the

Bhava-Roga भवरोगः We need to have faith in the doctor and the course of the treatment to cure the disease Even a

placebo works if there is faith in the doctor Spiritiual Sadhana is a form of treatment to get rid of Bhava-Roga So we

need to have faith in the doctor the Guru Guru practices a particular system of medicine called Vedanta If the

Shradha is not there the disease will not be cured Have faith in the Guru and his practices called Vedanta

समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

What is Samadhanam It is single pointedness of the mind focusing power on a single goal

The focusing capacity of the mind the attention the attention span is called Samadhanam We should be clear about

our goal What we want should be clear We are not very clear about the goal both the short term and long term It

should be thoughtfully decided and once it is decided it should be in the mind all the time My priority should be clear

This capacity to keep the goal in mind all the time is called Samadhanam Any success requires concentration

Samadhanam is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight To reach this goal one controls the

mind (Sama) and the senses (Dama) withdraws from wordly pursuits (Uparama) endures the pinpicks of life

(Titiksha) and faithfully follows the path indicated by the Guru and the scriptures (Shraddha) The resultant absorption

of the mind in the Self is Samadhanam

6 ndash Spiritual Discipline

----------------------------- ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२

What is Mumukshutvam ldquoLet me attain Moksha (liberation) This intense yearning is Mumukshutvam

What desire should you require for self-knowledge Answer - it the desire for self-knowledge An intense yearning for

lsquolet me attain liberationrsquo If a person has desire for liberation he should work for the self-knowledge because that is the

only way for liberation Our life journey should be for the development of qualifications for the knowledge for

liberation Why should I get the Moksha You are not interested because you donrsquot know the glory of the Moksha

एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

These are the four fold qualifications Thereafter (ie after having acquired these fourfold qualifications) they become

Adhikaris ie persons fit for the enquiry into the ldquoTruthrdquo

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

2

तततवबोध = आतमजञान ndash Self-Knowledge knowledge of our own nature leads to Moksha

Introduction - तततवबोधाः ः - Benefits of Tattvabodha

मोकषः - Liberation

पञचाः ः ndash Five benefits

जिजञ स जिवजतः जवदय िनदपर जतः

आतमजवदय िनदपर जतः

क पपणयजिवजतः

प रतनयजिवजतः आघ तजिवजतः दकषत पर जतः

जिव िगत ईशवर

जिजञासा

ननतयशदधबदधमकतः असङगः सववगतः सवररव पः तवम असस

पररह र ndash remediable

अपररह य पथ ण म

पर व नयजिकरोजत

ोकत कत प

र गः दवषः

क मः

करोधः

ाःो ः

वयथयजत

Removing natural

tendency to know

curiosity most importantly

curiosity about my

self who am I where did I come

from etc

Intellectual

satisfaction

Joy of knowing one-

self it is available

all the time Sense of insecurity goes

away Sense of fear

and all emotional problems go away

जवदय िनदः

Freedom from

desperation

helplessness I

donrsquot depend on the craving for external

sources of pleasure

Freedom from

painful experiences

of ldquo remedy-lessrdquo situation serves as

shock absorber It is

emotional sock absorber Shock

coat

जञानकवचम

कताव कायवदकषताा परापनोनत Improving

efficiency in any

field of activity because I donrsquot have

desperate

dependence So my mind is relaxed and

calm

जिजञ स जिवजतः - removing natural tendency to know curiosity exploration curiosity about self world (Prakruti) and

creator GOD जिव िगत ईशवर जिजञासा most importantly curiosity about self

जवदय िनदपर जतः - Vidya-Ananda objective pleasures are wonderful but being unpredictable there is a lot of stress and strain

involved Vidya-Ananda can serve as a wonderful standby (like a back up system) pleasure Once we know

that there is a standby we feel relaxed With Vidyananda we are not desperate to get joy from the wordly

objects If the wordly objects give me pleasure it is wonderful but if they donrsquot I have Vidyananda to give

me joy It is a permanent source of joy

आतमजवदय िनदपर जतः - joy of knowing oneself it is available all the time ननतयशदधबदधमकत असङगः सववगतः सवररव पः तवम असस क पपणय़जिवजतः - freedom from desperation helplessness

आघ तजिवजतः - freedom from painful (shocking) experiences

पररह र - remediable

अपररह य पथपः - situations with no remedy ldquochoice less situationsrdquo ldquonon-remediablerdquo But impact can be altered

ोकत - receiver of experiences goes through emotional reactions- रागः दवषः कामः करोधः लोभः belong to भोकता and they disturb him

कत प - performer of action I want to do a lot of things in life Efficiency of कताव depends on the condition of

भोकता If भोकता can be improved the efficiency of the कताव can be improved आघातननवजततः leads to

better performance in life

Performance of actions improves

दकषत पर जतः - Improving efficiency (दकषता) in whatever we do in life because of the balanced mind This is because as an

experiencer (भोकता) you have the ldquoshock absorberrdquo (आघातननवजततः) therefore your mind is poised calm

and therefore you can perform well

तततवबोधः

3

Sources of the Self-Knowledge

2 ndash Prayer

-------------------

Four Layers of Scriptures concentrating on ldquoSelf-Knowledgerdquo

1 Srutis or Vedas - Original source was discovered by the Rishis in meditation They received this knowledge All

Upanishads come in Sruti

2 Smruti ndash Body of literature written by the Rishis who elaborated the contents of the Srutis Rishis are the authors of the

Smruti Bhagavad Gita comes under Smruti

3 Sutra - Brahma Sutrarsquos literature ndash Sutra literature is also authored by Rishis It gives logical support to the contents

given in the Srutis and Smrutis It helps the intellect It reinforces the Sruti and Smruti with Tarka or Nyaya Bhrama

Sutra is called नयाय-परसथानम These three are called परसथानतरयम - Prasthanatrayam ndash the three ways or three paths

of knowing

4 Prakaranams are authored by various Acharyas and Gurus like Sankaracharya and his disciples There are many

Prakaranams written by innumerable Acharyas

Prakaranams are written with modern examples It is easier than the first three One should start with the Prakaranam and then go

to the first three One of the very simple Prakaranam is तततवबोधः It is a comprehensive prose work written by a disciple of

Acharya Vasudeva Saraswati belonging to Kanchi tradition Tattvabodharsquos first benefit is systematically acquiring Self-

Knowledge Its second benefit is that the author is systematically introducing the technical terms (पररभाषा) jargons used in

scriptures which are almost impossible to translate

Success always depends on 1) सवपरयतनम our own effort and 2) ईशवरानगरहः the grace of the Lord by which all the other factors

should be favorable दवम = unpredictable + uncontrollable factors egcyclones and earthquakes Luck is ईशवरानगरहः We offer

prayers to alter दवम We offer invocatory verses पराथवनाशलोकाः ईशवरपराथवना is replaced by गरपराथवना

मागलाचरण ndash गरपराथवना वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Having saluted Sri Vasudeva the King of Yogis (here Acharya Vasudeva Saraswati) the Guru who is the bestower of Jnana the knowledge of the ldquoTruthrdquo expounds the Tattva Bodharsquo for the benefit of the seekers desiring liberation

जञानपरदम ndash who has given knowledge lamp of wisdom

गरम ndash ग means darkness or ignorance र means light ndash गर means removing darkness by light

तततव ोधः means the Self-Knowledge is presented by me असभधीयत (मया) हहताथावय ndash for the benefit

ममकषः ndash seeker of Moksha 5-fold benefits put together is called Moksha

Guru Prayer गरपराथवना and Ishvar Prayer ईशवरपराथवना are the same for us since Guru is considered the same as God

यसय दव परा भजकतः यथा दव तथा गरौ तसयत कथथताः हयथ पः परकाशनत महातमनः परकाशनत महातमन इनत शवतासवरोपननषतद ndash ६-२३

यसय दव परा भजकतः (अजसत) यथा दव तथा गरौ (अपप भजकतः अजसत) तसय महातमनः हह (indeed only) एत कथथताः (taught spoken) अथावः (meanings truths) परकाशनत परकाशनत महातमनः इनत

These truths when taught will reveal themselves only to that ldquohigh-souledrdquo one who has intense devotion to God and

an equal devotion to the spiritual teacher They shine forth in that ldquohigh-souledrdquo one only

तततवबोधः

4

Method for the fit-Aspirant for Self-liberation - मोकषः साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

We will explain for those who are endowed with the fourfold qualification (Sadhana Chatushtaya) the mode of

discrimination which is the means for liberation

The author introduces the text in a very beautiful and systematic manner He tells 3 points in this line

1) What is the subject to be taught पवषयः 2) for what benefit purpose etc परयोिनः 3) to whom (audience the target

group) अथधकारी

Subject - पवषयः तततवजववकपरक र- Method of self-analysis self-inquiry will lead to self-knowledge तततव yourself आतम

पववकः ndash analysis self-inquiry discrimination

परकारः ndash method procedure For what benefit परयोिनः

मोकषसाधनभता ndash that which is a means for attaining Moksha साधनम ndasha means a cause ndash भतम ndash in the

form of

For whom the target audience - अथधकारी साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा ndash prepared students endowed with 4-fold virtues अथधकारी ndash prepared student

समपनः ndash endowed with virtue साधनचतषटय 4-fold virtues qualifications

गरः teaches आतमजञानम to qualified person अथधकारी for liberation मोकषः

Fourfold Effort साधनचतषटया ककम २

What are the four fold qualifications If we donrsquot have them they need to be acquired

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१

The capacity to discriminate between the permanent and the impermanent the dispassion for the enjoyment of the fruits

of ones actions here and hereafter the group of six accomplishments beginning with Sama and the yearning desire for liberation are the four fold qualifications

पववकः ndash Discrimination is clarity of thinking Clear thinking is the primary ornament It is also called discrimination in

a positive sense

पवरागः ndash Dispassion is freedom from all types of addictions all types of sensory slavery and emotional ldquohooksrdquo

Any passion creates tension

षटकसापजततः ndash Discipline is the inner wealth of the 6-fold self-discipline

ममकषतवा ndash Desire of Moksha Giving requires a giver and a ready and wanting receiver

तततवबोधः

5

साधनचतषटयम

4-Qualifications = 4-Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा Clear Thinking

Nitya vs Anitya Freedom From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation Inner Wealth Intense Yearning

Healthy Desire

ननतयम ndash permanent

अननतयम ndash impermanent

Discrimination is clear awareness of the fact about what is permanent and what is impermanent Why should we know

that In order to avoid wrong expectations Permanent happiness cannot come from impermanent things Permanent

security cannot come from impermanent things Most of the sorrows are caused by my own wrong expectation No like

and no dislike is permanent with regard to things and people also Body changes mind changes value changes and so

we cannot expect them to be permanent Permanent happiness comes from permanent source

The clarity of thinking between what is permanent and what is impermanent is called पववकः पवरागः ndash freedom from addiction obsession craving madness or slavery with regard to sense pleasure Author is not

against the sense pleasures but author is against the addiction to sense pleasures The sense pleasure is divided into

इहाथव - the sense pleasures available here at present time and अमतराथव - the future sense pleasures in a different time

and place (अमतर means सवगव) Humans are obsessed with both ie the here and the future (building castles in the air)

We are so preoccupied with the future that we leave the present

फलम ndash कमवफलम ndash the result of your own effort at present and in future

भोगः ndash enjoyment

शमः ndash disciplined mind - mental discipline of thoughts

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ What is meant by the discrimination between the eternal (permanent) and the ephemeral (impermanent) ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२

Brahman alone is the only one ननतयवसत the eternal factor Everything else is Anitya ie impermanent This

conviction is the discrimination Everything we come across is impermanent even earth sun and stars are

impermanent

There is one permanent thing and that is Brahman Brahman means a limitless entity space and ldquotime wiserdquo limitless

बहत means big All pervading eternal entity is Brahman Other than that Brahman everything else is impermanent It

is free from ldquospace-wiserdquo (all pervading) and ldquotime-wiserdquo limitation (eternal present at all times) Brahman means

eternal all-pervading entity Though Brahman is everywhere only I have to discover that Brahman

तद यनतररकता सववम अननतयम ndash Everything else is impermanent

Brahman alone is permanent all pervading (not spatially limited) and eternal ndash not limited by time

God is present everywhere and at all times Brahman alone is the real source of permanent happiness and security

Everything else is impermanent अयम एव ननतय अननतयवसतपववकः ndash This understanding alone is called discrimination

4 - Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- पवरागः कः ४-१

What is dispassion

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

It is the absence of desire for the enjoyment of the fruits of onersquos actions in this world and in the other world

तततवबोधः

6

राहहतयम - absense of addiction slavery from इचछा which is passion addiction slavery total dependence with regard

to sense pleasures भोगष Sensory pleasure is of two types अधासमवक unethical immoral and this should be totally

avoided धासमवक कामः भोगः ndash moderation of this type of sensory pleasure Develop good addiction to remove bad

addiction Later good addiction should be transcended through wisdom (सववधमावन पररतयजय मामका शरणा वरि) When

इह ndash here at present and सवगव ndash in heaven in future

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ What are the accomplishments of Sadhana starting with Sama

Sampatti means wealth here it is meant internal wealth

शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ They are Sama Dama Uparama Titiksha Sraddha and Samadhana

शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ What is Sama It is control or mastery over the mind

शमः means शाजनतः शाजनतः means समतवम Therefore शमः means peace of mind poise of mind tranquility of mind It

is mind free from stress and strain Why is peace of mind needed अशानतसय मनोभारः Mind of a disturbed person is

heavy For one without peace of mind life becomes a ldquodraggingrdquo life A ldquolight-mindrdquo alone can be used as an

instrument for accomplishing our goal Therefore शासतर calls the mind a अनतः करणम करणम means an instrument

Only a ldquolight-mindrdquo can be carried by me and used as an instrument by me A peaceful mind is required for the

physical health also Even our intelligence can be utilized only when our mind is calm Disturbed mind is a VIRUS

meaning ldquoVital Information Resources under Seizerdquo शाजनत alone gives you happiness So manage your mental stress

How to do it तततवबोध does not teach you the method Krishna gives the method in Bhagavad Gita

मनः is an internal sense organ

दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४

What is Dama It is control or mastery over external sense organs

ननगरहः means mastery control इजनरय means sense organ बाहय external चकषराहद eyes tongue ears etc

Control does not mean suppression शासतर does not believe in suppression because it will explode later Control means

intelligently channelizing them I want the senses to go wherever I desire eg water is channelized with a dam Proper

direction of the sense organs is required sensory control is required Why Our mental condition is dependent on our

sense organs because they alone decide which part of the world should enter my mind Sense organs are the gate ways

They are the doors they decide which part of the world which sound must enter into me which form must enter into

me what smell must enter into me etc What enters my mind is determined by sense organs If sense organs are not

properly managed anything and everything will enter my mind This causes a security problem A security person is

needed Whatever causes internal disturbance will have no permission to enter inside No entry without permission No

trespassing allowed This is called दमः or sensory control which is required for mental health And mental health is

required for the pursuit of the knowledge

उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

What is Uparama It is the strict observance of onersquos own duty

Meanings

1) Maintenance of the peace of mind acquired through शमः Preventing the mind from further disturbance

2) सनयासाशरमः is उपरमः a monastic life itself is called उपरमः 3) सवधमावनषठानम ndash There are five types of activities

Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma Kamya Karma Prayaschita Karma Nishiddha Karma Retain the first two

namely Nitya and Naimitika and reduce the other three - Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma ndash सवधमव

तततवबोधः

7

Nitya and Naimitika are conducive to the spiritual growth ie Vedanta friendly Just like exercise is needed for

physical growth activities are needed for spiritual growth Spiritual growth oriented activities or spiritual

activities are Nitya and Naimitika Karmas

- Kamya Karma ndash materialistic activities

- Prayaschita Karma or Parihara Karma is meant to neutralize nullify our own past negative actions They are like

medicinal Karmani

- Nishiddha Karmas are Vedanta unfriendly prohibited actions They are beneficial to me but will be harmful to

others We should avoid these types of Karmas We should study them so that they are diligently avoided

Uparama is the state of mind and senses that has withdrawn from the world of objects When Sama and Dama become

natural Uparama is automatically is achieved In Sama and Dama the mind and senses may be amongst objects but are

restrained with alertness but in Uparama they are automatically withdrawn from objects The example given in the

Gita is of the tortoise that withdraws its head and limbs effortlessly into its shell

उपरमः Strict Observance of Onersquos Own Duty DOs

Gradual Increase and doing only these

DONrsquoTrsquos

Gradual Decrease and ultimate avoidance of these

Nitya Naimitika Kamya Prayaschit Nishiddha

उपरमः is gradual increase of DOs and Gradual reduction of DONrsquoTrsquos

Sri Sankaracharya defines Uparama is the strict observance of onersquos own duties Duties come to all of us according to

our age position and place in life Many of us revolt against their performance or do so out of force or habit often

bored and burdened by them A student dislikes studies and goes to school as though to oblige his parents But when

onersquos duties are performed with enthusiasm and dedication not only does the performance bring joy but the mind

becomes steady single pointed free of likes and dislikes peaceful and withdrawn The highest form of Uparama is

when one remains in onersquos ultimate and true nature सवधमव which is Existence-Consciousness-Bliss Outer withdrawal

and performance of onersquos duty are necessary to reach that state So कमवयोगः leads one to जञानयोगः

5 ndash Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

What is Titiksha It is the endurance patience forbearance of heat and cold pleasure and pain etc

This is an important and useful discipline for spiritual seekers and non-spiritual people too This is because

every one has to face painful experiences in life no onersquos life is a uniform path of roses In Puranas we find good and

bad people confront pain Rama Krishna and Shiva faced many painful experiences Life involves pleasurable and

painful experience of various gradations Some are physical and some are mental pain Physical is called याथध and

mental is called आथध आथध याथध सहहता िनम When we go through pain it is not a comfortable happy thing When

there is pain in the mind the mind itself becomes a burden भारः अशानतसय मनोभारः The mind of a disturbed person

is heavy With a heavy mind even conducting life itself becomes a very difficult thing and there is no question of

undertaking any constructive activity Taking to spiritual study becomes still more difficult Therefore every human

being needs to find methods of handling pain How to handle pain We try conventional methods

1) Find solution or remedy for the pain by bringing out appropriate changes in the condition Sometimes this

remedial measure works but often they are very expensive physically mentally ldquotime-wiserdquo ldquoenergy-wiserdquo and

ldquostress-wiserdquo The load is shifted from the left shoulder to the right shoulder It replaces one pain with the other

2) We go on tolerating the pain because the remedy is not appropriate This will cause pressure to mount up in the

mind and body Time comes when we are not able to handle the pain the pain gets converted to anger and

explodes We let out the pressure and steam This is transferring my pain to the other

3) We cannot explode because of the situation therefore we silently suppress for years and years and years I

victimize myself so I become a useless worthless person Suppression is not appropriate because I suffer myself

4) Scriptures talk about the 4th solution God has given us the capacity to tolerate pain to withstand pain and it is

called Titiksha The tolerance threshold varies from person to person Pain is not pain when it is within the

threshold It is pain when it goes beyond the threshold By right Sadhana and understanding if we increase the

threshold what others call pain it will not be looked upon as pain Pain is very subjective Titiksha means

increasing the level of endurance patience impunity or resistance power Mental resistance is increased A

healthy mind has a high resistance power so that most of the situations in life which other people call pain is not

तततवबोधः

8

pain at all to him This is elevation of the threshold level सहहषणतवम ndash endurance putting up with patience

forbearance tolerance etc At physical level it is called endurance at mental level it is called patience Both

together are called Titiksha सहहषणतवम endurance with respect to heat and cold - शीतोषणम means the physical

capacity to withstand the ups and downs in the physical conditions around us This is physical endurance One

should develop endurance because it helps in the development of concentration सहहषणतवम endurance with

respect to happiness and sorrow - सखदखम means endurance with respect to emotional pain It is caused by

people around us our own family members We have got high expectation about how the husband should treat us

or wife should treat us how the children should treat us how the daughter-in-law should treat us how the grand

children should treat us how the boss should treat us etc We have got expectations any expectation not fulfilled

comes as pain It can be caused by their behavior it can be caused by their language (also body language) when

you are talking to a person and that person looks elsewhere The more sensitive you are greater the pain

Therefore sensitivity should always go with tolerance In fact greater the sensitivity greater should be the

tolerance otherwise life will be miserable Other आहद means all the unfavorable conditions You should have the

capacity to bring शीतोषणसखदःखाहद within your tolerance limit That means you should make the tolerance limit

higher and higher After increasing the limit if the child misbehaves I am correcting him because it is not good

for the child to grow misbehaving and not because of my intolerance but because the situation has to be improved

Therefore correction based on intolerance is a form of suffering it is a struggle in life Therefore increase your

Titiksha level

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७

What is the nature of Shraddha Faith in the words of the Guru and in the scriptures is Sraddha

Shraddha means faith पवशवासः शरदधा Faith in Guru and scriptures - गरवदानतवाकयष Spiritual teacher is called Guru

Guru is one who dispels internal darkness ie ignorance Vedanta says all problems are because of ignorance

Emotional problem means Samsara Ignorance is bacteria The antibiotic is the knowledge tablet a therapy to cure the

Bhava-Roga भवरोगः We need to have faith in the doctor and the course of the treatment to cure the disease Even a

placebo works if there is faith in the doctor Spiritiual Sadhana is a form of treatment to get rid of Bhava-Roga So we

need to have faith in the doctor the Guru Guru practices a particular system of medicine called Vedanta If the

Shradha is not there the disease will not be cured Have faith in the Guru and his practices called Vedanta

समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

What is Samadhanam It is single pointedness of the mind focusing power on a single goal

The focusing capacity of the mind the attention the attention span is called Samadhanam We should be clear about

our goal What we want should be clear We are not very clear about the goal both the short term and long term It

should be thoughtfully decided and once it is decided it should be in the mind all the time My priority should be clear

This capacity to keep the goal in mind all the time is called Samadhanam Any success requires concentration

Samadhanam is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight To reach this goal one controls the

mind (Sama) and the senses (Dama) withdraws from wordly pursuits (Uparama) endures the pinpicks of life

(Titiksha) and faithfully follows the path indicated by the Guru and the scriptures (Shraddha) The resultant absorption

of the mind in the Self is Samadhanam

6 ndash Spiritual Discipline

----------------------------- ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२

What is Mumukshutvam ldquoLet me attain Moksha (liberation) This intense yearning is Mumukshutvam

What desire should you require for self-knowledge Answer - it the desire for self-knowledge An intense yearning for

lsquolet me attain liberationrsquo If a person has desire for liberation he should work for the self-knowledge because that is the

only way for liberation Our life journey should be for the development of qualifications for the knowledge for

liberation Why should I get the Moksha You are not interested because you donrsquot know the glory of the Moksha

एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

These are the four fold qualifications Thereafter (ie after having acquired these fourfold qualifications) they become

Adhikaris ie persons fit for the enquiry into the ldquoTruthrdquo

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

3

Sources of the Self-Knowledge

2 ndash Prayer

-------------------

Four Layers of Scriptures concentrating on ldquoSelf-Knowledgerdquo

1 Srutis or Vedas - Original source was discovered by the Rishis in meditation They received this knowledge All

Upanishads come in Sruti

2 Smruti ndash Body of literature written by the Rishis who elaborated the contents of the Srutis Rishis are the authors of the

Smruti Bhagavad Gita comes under Smruti

3 Sutra - Brahma Sutrarsquos literature ndash Sutra literature is also authored by Rishis It gives logical support to the contents

given in the Srutis and Smrutis It helps the intellect It reinforces the Sruti and Smruti with Tarka or Nyaya Bhrama

Sutra is called नयाय-परसथानम These three are called परसथानतरयम - Prasthanatrayam ndash the three ways or three paths

of knowing

4 Prakaranams are authored by various Acharyas and Gurus like Sankaracharya and his disciples There are many

Prakaranams written by innumerable Acharyas

Prakaranams are written with modern examples It is easier than the first three One should start with the Prakaranam and then go

to the first three One of the very simple Prakaranam is तततवबोधः It is a comprehensive prose work written by a disciple of

Acharya Vasudeva Saraswati belonging to Kanchi tradition Tattvabodharsquos first benefit is systematically acquiring Self-

Knowledge Its second benefit is that the author is systematically introducing the technical terms (पररभाषा) jargons used in

scriptures which are almost impossible to translate

Success always depends on 1) सवपरयतनम our own effort and 2) ईशवरानगरहः the grace of the Lord by which all the other factors

should be favorable दवम = unpredictable + uncontrollable factors egcyclones and earthquakes Luck is ईशवरानगरहः We offer

prayers to alter दवम We offer invocatory verses पराथवनाशलोकाः ईशवरपराथवना is replaced by गरपराथवना

मागलाचरण ndash गरपराथवना वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Having saluted Sri Vasudeva the King of Yogis (here Acharya Vasudeva Saraswati) the Guru who is the bestower of Jnana the knowledge of the ldquoTruthrdquo expounds the Tattva Bodharsquo for the benefit of the seekers desiring liberation

जञानपरदम ndash who has given knowledge lamp of wisdom

गरम ndash ग means darkness or ignorance र means light ndash गर means removing darkness by light

तततव ोधः means the Self-Knowledge is presented by me असभधीयत (मया) हहताथावय ndash for the benefit

ममकषः ndash seeker of Moksha 5-fold benefits put together is called Moksha

Guru Prayer गरपराथवना and Ishvar Prayer ईशवरपराथवना are the same for us since Guru is considered the same as God

यसय दव परा भजकतः यथा दव तथा गरौ तसयत कथथताः हयथ पः परकाशनत महातमनः परकाशनत महातमन इनत शवतासवरोपननषतद ndash ६-२३

यसय दव परा भजकतः (अजसत) यथा दव तथा गरौ (अपप भजकतः अजसत) तसय महातमनः हह (indeed only) एत कथथताः (taught spoken) अथावः (meanings truths) परकाशनत परकाशनत महातमनः इनत

These truths when taught will reveal themselves only to that ldquohigh-souledrdquo one who has intense devotion to God and

an equal devotion to the spiritual teacher They shine forth in that ldquohigh-souledrdquo one only

तततवबोधः

4

Method for the fit-Aspirant for Self-liberation - मोकषः साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

We will explain for those who are endowed with the fourfold qualification (Sadhana Chatushtaya) the mode of

discrimination which is the means for liberation

The author introduces the text in a very beautiful and systematic manner He tells 3 points in this line

1) What is the subject to be taught पवषयः 2) for what benefit purpose etc परयोिनः 3) to whom (audience the target

group) अथधकारी

Subject - पवषयः तततवजववकपरक र- Method of self-analysis self-inquiry will lead to self-knowledge तततव yourself आतम

पववकः ndash analysis self-inquiry discrimination

परकारः ndash method procedure For what benefit परयोिनः

मोकषसाधनभता ndash that which is a means for attaining Moksha साधनम ndasha means a cause ndash भतम ndash in the

form of

For whom the target audience - अथधकारी साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा ndash prepared students endowed with 4-fold virtues अथधकारी ndash prepared student

समपनः ndash endowed with virtue साधनचतषटय 4-fold virtues qualifications

गरः teaches आतमजञानम to qualified person अथधकारी for liberation मोकषः

Fourfold Effort साधनचतषटया ककम २

What are the four fold qualifications If we donrsquot have them they need to be acquired

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१

The capacity to discriminate between the permanent and the impermanent the dispassion for the enjoyment of the fruits

of ones actions here and hereafter the group of six accomplishments beginning with Sama and the yearning desire for liberation are the four fold qualifications

पववकः ndash Discrimination is clarity of thinking Clear thinking is the primary ornament It is also called discrimination in

a positive sense

पवरागः ndash Dispassion is freedom from all types of addictions all types of sensory slavery and emotional ldquohooksrdquo

Any passion creates tension

षटकसापजततः ndash Discipline is the inner wealth of the 6-fold self-discipline

ममकषतवा ndash Desire of Moksha Giving requires a giver and a ready and wanting receiver

तततवबोधः

5

साधनचतषटयम

4-Qualifications = 4-Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा Clear Thinking

Nitya vs Anitya Freedom From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation Inner Wealth Intense Yearning

Healthy Desire

ननतयम ndash permanent

अननतयम ndash impermanent

Discrimination is clear awareness of the fact about what is permanent and what is impermanent Why should we know

that In order to avoid wrong expectations Permanent happiness cannot come from impermanent things Permanent

security cannot come from impermanent things Most of the sorrows are caused by my own wrong expectation No like

and no dislike is permanent with regard to things and people also Body changes mind changes value changes and so

we cannot expect them to be permanent Permanent happiness comes from permanent source

The clarity of thinking between what is permanent and what is impermanent is called पववकः पवरागः ndash freedom from addiction obsession craving madness or slavery with regard to sense pleasure Author is not

against the sense pleasures but author is against the addiction to sense pleasures The sense pleasure is divided into

इहाथव - the sense pleasures available here at present time and अमतराथव - the future sense pleasures in a different time

and place (अमतर means सवगव) Humans are obsessed with both ie the here and the future (building castles in the air)

We are so preoccupied with the future that we leave the present

फलम ndash कमवफलम ndash the result of your own effort at present and in future

भोगः ndash enjoyment

शमः ndash disciplined mind - mental discipline of thoughts

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ What is meant by the discrimination between the eternal (permanent) and the ephemeral (impermanent) ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२

Brahman alone is the only one ननतयवसत the eternal factor Everything else is Anitya ie impermanent This

conviction is the discrimination Everything we come across is impermanent even earth sun and stars are

impermanent

There is one permanent thing and that is Brahman Brahman means a limitless entity space and ldquotime wiserdquo limitless

बहत means big All pervading eternal entity is Brahman Other than that Brahman everything else is impermanent It

is free from ldquospace-wiserdquo (all pervading) and ldquotime-wiserdquo limitation (eternal present at all times) Brahman means

eternal all-pervading entity Though Brahman is everywhere only I have to discover that Brahman

तद यनतररकता सववम अननतयम ndash Everything else is impermanent

Brahman alone is permanent all pervading (not spatially limited) and eternal ndash not limited by time

God is present everywhere and at all times Brahman alone is the real source of permanent happiness and security

Everything else is impermanent अयम एव ननतय अननतयवसतपववकः ndash This understanding alone is called discrimination

4 - Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- पवरागः कः ४-१

What is dispassion

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

It is the absence of desire for the enjoyment of the fruits of onersquos actions in this world and in the other world

तततवबोधः

6

राहहतयम - absense of addiction slavery from इचछा which is passion addiction slavery total dependence with regard

to sense pleasures भोगष Sensory pleasure is of two types अधासमवक unethical immoral and this should be totally

avoided धासमवक कामः भोगः ndash moderation of this type of sensory pleasure Develop good addiction to remove bad

addiction Later good addiction should be transcended through wisdom (सववधमावन पररतयजय मामका शरणा वरि) When

इह ndash here at present and सवगव ndash in heaven in future

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ What are the accomplishments of Sadhana starting with Sama

Sampatti means wealth here it is meant internal wealth

शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ They are Sama Dama Uparama Titiksha Sraddha and Samadhana

शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ What is Sama It is control or mastery over the mind

शमः means शाजनतः शाजनतः means समतवम Therefore शमः means peace of mind poise of mind tranquility of mind It

is mind free from stress and strain Why is peace of mind needed अशानतसय मनोभारः Mind of a disturbed person is

heavy For one without peace of mind life becomes a ldquodraggingrdquo life A ldquolight-mindrdquo alone can be used as an

instrument for accomplishing our goal Therefore शासतर calls the mind a अनतः करणम करणम means an instrument

Only a ldquolight-mindrdquo can be carried by me and used as an instrument by me A peaceful mind is required for the

physical health also Even our intelligence can be utilized only when our mind is calm Disturbed mind is a VIRUS

meaning ldquoVital Information Resources under Seizerdquo शाजनत alone gives you happiness So manage your mental stress

How to do it तततवबोध does not teach you the method Krishna gives the method in Bhagavad Gita

मनः is an internal sense organ

दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४

What is Dama It is control or mastery over external sense organs

ननगरहः means mastery control इजनरय means sense organ बाहय external चकषराहद eyes tongue ears etc

Control does not mean suppression शासतर does not believe in suppression because it will explode later Control means

intelligently channelizing them I want the senses to go wherever I desire eg water is channelized with a dam Proper

direction of the sense organs is required sensory control is required Why Our mental condition is dependent on our

sense organs because they alone decide which part of the world should enter my mind Sense organs are the gate ways

They are the doors they decide which part of the world which sound must enter into me which form must enter into

me what smell must enter into me etc What enters my mind is determined by sense organs If sense organs are not

properly managed anything and everything will enter my mind This causes a security problem A security person is

needed Whatever causes internal disturbance will have no permission to enter inside No entry without permission No

trespassing allowed This is called दमः or sensory control which is required for mental health And mental health is

required for the pursuit of the knowledge

उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

What is Uparama It is the strict observance of onersquos own duty

Meanings

1) Maintenance of the peace of mind acquired through शमः Preventing the mind from further disturbance

2) सनयासाशरमः is उपरमः a monastic life itself is called उपरमः 3) सवधमावनषठानम ndash There are five types of activities

Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma Kamya Karma Prayaschita Karma Nishiddha Karma Retain the first two

namely Nitya and Naimitika and reduce the other three - Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma ndash सवधमव

तततवबोधः

7

Nitya and Naimitika are conducive to the spiritual growth ie Vedanta friendly Just like exercise is needed for

physical growth activities are needed for spiritual growth Spiritual growth oriented activities or spiritual

activities are Nitya and Naimitika Karmas

- Kamya Karma ndash materialistic activities

- Prayaschita Karma or Parihara Karma is meant to neutralize nullify our own past negative actions They are like

medicinal Karmani

- Nishiddha Karmas are Vedanta unfriendly prohibited actions They are beneficial to me but will be harmful to

others We should avoid these types of Karmas We should study them so that they are diligently avoided

Uparama is the state of mind and senses that has withdrawn from the world of objects When Sama and Dama become

natural Uparama is automatically is achieved In Sama and Dama the mind and senses may be amongst objects but are

restrained with alertness but in Uparama they are automatically withdrawn from objects The example given in the

Gita is of the tortoise that withdraws its head and limbs effortlessly into its shell

उपरमः Strict Observance of Onersquos Own Duty DOs

Gradual Increase and doing only these

DONrsquoTrsquos

Gradual Decrease and ultimate avoidance of these

Nitya Naimitika Kamya Prayaschit Nishiddha

उपरमः is gradual increase of DOs and Gradual reduction of DONrsquoTrsquos

Sri Sankaracharya defines Uparama is the strict observance of onersquos own duties Duties come to all of us according to

our age position and place in life Many of us revolt against their performance or do so out of force or habit often

bored and burdened by them A student dislikes studies and goes to school as though to oblige his parents But when

onersquos duties are performed with enthusiasm and dedication not only does the performance bring joy but the mind

becomes steady single pointed free of likes and dislikes peaceful and withdrawn The highest form of Uparama is

when one remains in onersquos ultimate and true nature सवधमव which is Existence-Consciousness-Bliss Outer withdrawal

and performance of onersquos duty are necessary to reach that state So कमवयोगः leads one to जञानयोगः

5 ndash Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

What is Titiksha It is the endurance patience forbearance of heat and cold pleasure and pain etc

This is an important and useful discipline for spiritual seekers and non-spiritual people too This is because

every one has to face painful experiences in life no onersquos life is a uniform path of roses In Puranas we find good and

bad people confront pain Rama Krishna and Shiva faced many painful experiences Life involves pleasurable and

painful experience of various gradations Some are physical and some are mental pain Physical is called याथध and

mental is called आथध आथध याथध सहहता िनम When we go through pain it is not a comfortable happy thing When

there is pain in the mind the mind itself becomes a burden भारः अशानतसय मनोभारः The mind of a disturbed person

is heavy With a heavy mind even conducting life itself becomes a very difficult thing and there is no question of

undertaking any constructive activity Taking to spiritual study becomes still more difficult Therefore every human

being needs to find methods of handling pain How to handle pain We try conventional methods

1) Find solution or remedy for the pain by bringing out appropriate changes in the condition Sometimes this

remedial measure works but often they are very expensive physically mentally ldquotime-wiserdquo ldquoenergy-wiserdquo and

ldquostress-wiserdquo The load is shifted from the left shoulder to the right shoulder It replaces one pain with the other

2) We go on tolerating the pain because the remedy is not appropriate This will cause pressure to mount up in the

mind and body Time comes when we are not able to handle the pain the pain gets converted to anger and

explodes We let out the pressure and steam This is transferring my pain to the other

3) We cannot explode because of the situation therefore we silently suppress for years and years and years I

victimize myself so I become a useless worthless person Suppression is not appropriate because I suffer myself

4) Scriptures talk about the 4th solution God has given us the capacity to tolerate pain to withstand pain and it is

called Titiksha The tolerance threshold varies from person to person Pain is not pain when it is within the

threshold It is pain when it goes beyond the threshold By right Sadhana and understanding if we increase the

threshold what others call pain it will not be looked upon as pain Pain is very subjective Titiksha means

increasing the level of endurance patience impunity or resistance power Mental resistance is increased A

healthy mind has a high resistance power so that most of the situations in life which other people call pain is not

तततवबोधः

8

pain at all to him This is elevation of the threshold level सहहषणतवम ndash endurance putting up with patience

forbearance tolerance etc At physical level it is called endurance at mental level it is called patience Both

together are called Titiksha सहहषणतवम endurance with respect to heat and cold - शीतोषणम means the physical

capacity to withstand the ups and downs in the physical conditions around us This is physical endurance One

should develop endurance because it helps in the development of concentration सहहषणतवम endurance with

respect to happiness and sorrow - सखदखम means endurance with respect to emotional pain It is caused by

people around us our own family members We have got high expectation about how the husband should treat us

or wife should treat us how the children should treat us how the daughter-in-law should treat us how the grand

children should treat us how the boss should treat us etc We have got expectations any expectation not fulfilled

comes as pain It can be caused by their behavior it can be caused by their language (also body language) when

you are talking to a person and that person looks elsewhere The more sensitive you are greater the pain

Therefore sensitivity should always go with tolerance In fact greater the sensitivity greater should be the

tolerance otherwise life will be miserable Other आहद means all the unfavorable conditions You should have the

capacity to bring शीतोषणसखदःखाहद within your tolerance limit That means you should make the tolerance limit

higher and higher After increasing the limit if the child misbehaves I am correcting him because it is not good

for the child to grow misbehaving and not because of my intolerance but because the situation has to be improved

Therefore correction based on intolerance is a form of suffering it is a struggle in life Therefore increase your

Titiksha level

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७

What is the nature of Shraddha Faith in the words of the Guru and in the scriptures is Sraddha

Shraddha means faith पवशवासः शरदधा Faith in Guru and scriptures - गरवदानतवाकयष Spiritual teacher is called Guru

Guru is one who dispels internal darkness ie ignorance Vedanta says all problems are because of ignorance

Emotional problem means Samsara Ignorance is bacteria The antibiotic is the knowledge tablet a therapy to cure the

Bhava-Roga भवरोगः We need to have faith in the doctor and the course of the treatment to cure the disease Even a

placebo works if there is faith in the doctor Spiritiual Sadhana is a form of treatment to get rid of Bhava-Roga So we

need to have faith in the doctor the Guru Guru practices a particular system of medicine called Vedanta If the

Shradha is not there the disease will not be cured Have faith in the Guru and his practices called Vedanta

समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

What is Samadhanam It is single pointedness of the mind focusing power on a single goal

The focusing capacity of the mind the attention the attention span is called Samadhanam We should be clear about

our goal What we want should be clear We are not very clear about the goal both the short term and long term It

should be thoughtfully decided and once it is decided it should be in the mind all the time My priority should be clear

This capacity to keep the goal in mind all the time is called Samadhanam Any success requires concentration

Samadhanam is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight To reach this goal one controls the

mind (Sama) and the senses (Dama) withdraws from wordly pursuits (Uparama) endures the pinpicks of life

(Titiksha) and faithfully follows the path indicated by the Guru and the scriptures (Shraddha) The resultant absorption

of the mind in the Self is Samadhanam

6 ndash Spiritual Discipline

----------------------------- ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२

What is Mumukshutvam ldquoLet me attain Moksha (liberation) This intense yearning is Mumukshutvam

What desire should you require for self-knowledge Answer - it the desire for self-knowledge An intense yearning for

lsquolet me attain liberationrsquo If a person has desire for liberation he should work for the self-knowledge because that is the

only way for liberation Our life journey should be for the development of qualifications for the knowledge for

liberation Why should I get the Moksha You are not interested because you donrsquot know the glory of the Moksha

एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

These are the four fold qualifications Thereafter (ie after having acquired these fourfold qualifications) they become

Adhikaris ie persons fit for the enquiry into the ldquoTruthrdquo

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

4

Method for the fit-Aspirant for Self-liberation - मोकषः साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

We will explain for those who are endowed with the fourfold qualification (Sadhana Chatushtaya) the mode of

discrimination which is the means for liberation

The author introduces the text in a very beautiful and systematic manner He tells 3 points in this line

1) What is the subject to be taught पवषयः 2) for what benefit purpose etc परयोिनः 3) to whom (audience the target

group) अथधकारी

Subject - पवषयः तततवजववकपरक र- Method of self-analysis self-inquiry will lead to self-knowledge तततव yourself आतम

पववकः ndash analysis self-inquiry discrimination

परकारः ndash method procedure For what benefit परयोिनः

मोकषसाधनभता ndash that which is a means for attaining Moksha साधनम ndasha means a cause ndash भतम ndash in the

form of

For whom the target audience - अथधकारी साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा ndash prepared students endowed with 4-fold virtues अथधकारी ndash prepared student

समपनः ndash endowed with virtue साधनचतषटय 4-fold virtues qualifications

गरः teaches आतमजञानम to qualified person अथधकारी for liberation मोकषः

Fourfold Effort साधनचतषटया ककम २

What are the four fold qualifications If we donrsquot have them they need to be acquired

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१

The capacity to discriminate between the permanent and the impermanent the dispassion for the enjoyment of the fruits

of ones actions here and hereafter the group of six accomplishments beginning with Sama and the yearning desire for liberation are the four fold qualifications

पववकः ndash Discrimination is clarity of thinking Clear thinking is the primary ornament It is also called discrimination in

a positive sense

पवरागः ndash Dispassion is freedom from all types of addictions all types of sensory slavery and emotional ldquohooksrdquo

Any passion creates tension

षटकसापजततः ndash Discipline is the inner wealth of the 6-fold self-discipline

ममकषतवा ndash Desire of Moksha Giving requires a giver and a ready and wanting receiver

तततवबोधः

5

साधनचतषटयम

4-Qualifications = 4-Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा Clear Thinking

Nitya vs Anitya Freedom From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation Inner Wealth Intense Yearning

Healthy Desire

ननतयम ndash permanent

अननतयम ndash impermanent

Discrimination is clear awareness of the fact about what is permanent and what is impermanent Why should we know

that In order to avoid wrong expectations Permanent happiness cannot come from impermanent things Permanent

security cannot come from impermanent things Most of the sorrows are caused by my own wrong expectation No like

and no dislike is permanent with regard to things and people also Body changes mind changes value changes and so

we cannot expect them to be permanent Permanent happiness comes from permanent source

The clarity of thinking between what is permanent and what is impermanent is called पववकः पवरागः ndash freedom from addiction obsession craving madness or slavery with regard to sense pleasure Author is not

against the sense pleasures but author is against the addiction to sense pleasures The sense pleasure is divided into

इहाथव - the sense pleasures available here at present time and अमतराथव - the future sense pleasures in a different time

and place (अमतर means सवगव) Humans are obsessed with both ie the here and the future (building castles in the air)

We are so preoccupied with the future that we leave the present

फलम ndash कमवफलम ndash the result of your own effort at present and in future

भोगः ndash enjoyment

शमः ndash disciplined mind - mental discipline of thoughts

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ What is meant by the discrimination between the eternal (permanent) and the ephemeral (impermanent) ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२

Brahman alone is the only one ननतयवसत the eternal factor Everything else is Anitya ie impermanent This

conviction is the discrimination Everything we come across is impermanent even earth sun and stars are

impermanent

There is one permanent thing and that is Brahman Brahman means a limitless entity space and ldquotime wiserdquo limitless

बहत means big All pervading eternal entity is Brahman Other than that Brahman everything else is impermanent It

is free from ldquospace-wiserdquo (all pervading) and ldquotime-wiserdquo limitation (eternal present at all times) Brahman means

eternal all-pervading entity Though Brahman is everywhere only I have to discover that Brahman

तद यनतररकता सववम अननतयम ndash Everything else is impermanent

Brahman alone is permanent all pervading (not spatially limited) and eternal ndash not limited by time

God is present everywhere and at all times Brahman alone is the real source of permanent happiness and security

Everything else is impermanent अयम एव ननतय अननतयवसतपववकः ndash This understanding alone is called discrimination

4 - Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- पवरागः कः ४-१

What is dispassion

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

It is the absence of desire for the enjoyment of the fruits of onersquos actions in this world and in the other world

तततवबोधः

6

राहहतयम - absense of addiction slavery from इचछा which is passion addiction slavery total dependence with regard

to sense pleasures भोगष Sensory pleasure is of two types अधासमवक unethical immoral and this should be totally

avoided धासमवक कामः भोगः ndash moderation of this type of sensory pleasure Develop good addiction to remove bad

addiction Later good addiction should be transcended through wisdom (सववधमावन पररतयजय मामका शरणा वरि) When

इह ndash here at present and सवगव ndash in heaven in future

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ What are the accomplishments of Sadhana starting with Sama

Sampatti means wealth here it is meant internal wealth

शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ They are Sama Dama Uparama Titiksha Sraddha and Samadhana

शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ What is Sama It is control or mastery over the mind

शमः means शाजनतः शाजनतः means समतवम Therefore शमः means peace of mind poise of mind tranquility of mind It

is mind free from stress and strain Why is peace of mind needed अशानतसय मनोभारः Mind of a disturbed person is

heavy For one without peace of mind life becomes a ldquodraggingrdquo life A ldquolight-mindrdquo alone can be used as an

instrument for accomplishing our goal Therefore शासतर calls the mind a अनतः करणम करणम means an instrument

Only a ldquolight-mindrdquo can be carried by me and used as an instrument by me A peaceful mind is required for the

physical health also Even our intelligence can be utilized only when our mind is calm Disturbed mind is a VIRUS

meaning ldquoVital Information Resources under Seizerdquo शाजनत alone gives you happiness So manage your mental stress

How to do it तततवबोध does not teach you the method Krishna gives the method in Bhagavad Gita

मनः is an internal sense organ

दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४

What is Dama It is control or mastery over external sense organs

ननगरहः means mastery control इजनरय means sense organ बाहय external चकषराहद eyes tongue ears etc

Control does not mean suppression शासतर does not believe in suppression because it will explode later Control means

intelligently channelizing them I want the senses to go wherever I desire eg water is channelized with a dam Proper

direction of the sense organs is required sensory control is required Why Our mental condition is dependent on our

sense organs because they alone decide which part of the world should enter my mind Sense organs are the gate ways

They are the doors they decide which part of the world which sound must enter into me which form must enter into

me what smell must enter into me etc What enters my mind is determined by sense organs If sense organs are not

properly managed anything and everything will enter my mind This causes a security problem A security person is

needed Whatever causes internal disturbance will have no permission to enter inside No entry without permission No

trespassing allowed This is called दमः or sensory control which is required for mental health And mental health is

required for the pursuit of the knowledge

उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

What is Uparama It is the strict observance of onersquos own duty

Meanings

1) Maintenance of the peace of mind acquired through शमः Preventing the mind from further disturbance

2) सनयासाशरमः is उपरमः a monastic life itself is called उपरमः 3) सवधमावनषठानम ndash There are five types of activities

Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma Kamya Karma Prayaschita Karma Nishiddha Karma Retain the first two

namely Nitya and Naimitika and reduce the other three - Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma ndash सवधमव

तततवबोधः

7

Nitya and Naimitika are conducive to the spiritual growth ie Vedanta friendly Just like exercise is needed for

physical growth activities are needed for spiritual growth Spiritual growth oriented activities or spiritual

activities are Nitya and Naimitika Karmas

- Kamya Karma ndash materialistic activities

- Prayaschita Karma or Parihara Karma is meant to neutralize nullify our own past negative actions They are like

medicinal Karmani

- Nishiddha Karmas are Vedanta unfriendly prohibited actions They are beneficial to me but will be harmful to

others We should avoid these types of Karmas We should study them so that they are diligently avoided

Uparama is the state of mind and senses that has withdrawn from the world of objects When Sama and Dama become

natural Uparama is automatically is achieved In Sama and Dama the mind and senses may be amongst objects but are

restrained with alertness but in Uparama they are automatically withdrawn from objects The example given in the

Gita is of the tortoise that withdraws its head and limbs effortlessly into its shell

उपरमः Strict Observance of Onersquos Own Duty DOs

Gradual Increase and doing only these

DONrsquoTrsquos

Gradual Decrease and ultimate avoidance of these

Nitya Naimitika Kamya Prayaschit Nishiddha

उपरमः is gradual increase of DOs and Gradual reduction of DONrsquoTrsquos

Sri Sankaracharya defines Uparama is the strict observance of onersquos own duties Duties come to all of us according to

our age position and place in life Many of us revolt against their performance or do so out of force or habit often

bored and burdened by them A student dislikes studies and goes to school as though to oblige his parents But when

onersquos duties are performed with enthusiasm and dedication not only does the performance bring joy but the mind

becomes steady single pointed free of likes and dislikes peaceful and withdrawn The highest form of Uparama is

when one remains in onersquos ultimate and true nature सवधमव which is Existence-Consciousness-Bliss Outer withdrawal

and performance of onersquos duty are necessary to reach that state So कमवयोगः leads one to जञानयोगः

5 ndash Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

What is Titiksha It is the endurance patience forbearance of heat and cold pleasure and pain etc

This is an important and useful discipline for spiritual seekers and non-spiritual people too This is because

every one has to face painful experiences in life no onersquos life is a uniform path of roses In Puranas we find good and

bad people confront pain Rama Krishna and Shiva faced many painful experiences Life involves pleasurable and

painful experience of various gradations Some are physical and some are mental pain Physical is called याथध and

mental is called आथध आथध याथध सहहता िनम When we go through pain it is not a comfortable happy thing When

there is pain in the mind the mind itself becomes a burden भारः अशानतसय मनोभारः The mind of a disturbed person

is heavy With a heavy mind even conducting life itself becomes a very difficult thing and there is no question of

undertaking any constructive activity Taking to spiritual study becomes still more difficult Therefore every human

being needs to find methods of handling pain How to handle pain We try conventional methods

1) Find solution or remedy for the pain by bringing out appropriate changes in the condition Sometimes this

remedial measure works but often they are very expensive physically mentally ldquotime-wiserdquo ldquoenergy-wiserdquo and

ldquostress-wiserdquo The load is shifted from the left shoulder to the right shoulder It replaces one pain with the other

2) We go on tolerating the pain because the remedy is not appropriate This will cause pressure to mount up in the

mind and body Time comes when we are not able to handle the pain the pain gets converted to anger and

explodes We let out the pressure and steam This is transferring my pain to the other

3) We cannot explode because of the situation therefore we silently suppress for years and years and years I

victimize myself so I become a useless worthless person Suppression is not appropriate because I suffer myself

4) Scriptures talk about the 4th solution God has given us the capacity to tolerate pain to withstand pain and it is

called Titiksha The tolerance threshold varies from person to person Pain is not pain when it is within the

threshold It is pain when it goes beyond the threshold By right Sadhana and understanding if we increase the

threshold what others call pain it will not be looked upon as pain Pain is very subjective Titiksha means

increasing the level of endurance patience impunity or resistance power Mental resistance is increased A

healthy mind has a high resistance power so that most of the situations in life which other people call pain is not

तततवबोधः

8

pain at all to him This is elevation of the threshold level सहहषणतवम ndash endurance putting up with patience

forbearance tolerance etc At physical level it is called endurance at mental level it is called patience Both

together are called Titiksha सहहषणतवम endurance with respect to heat and cold - शीतोषणम means the physical

capacity to withstand the ups and downs in the physical conditions around us This is physical endurance One

should develop endurance because it helps in the development of concentration सहहषणतवम endurance with

respect to happiness and sorrow - सखदखम means endurance with respect to emotional pain It is caused by

people around us our own family members We have got high expectation about how the husband should treat us

or wife should treat us how the children should treat us how the daughter-in-law should treat us how the grand

children should treat us how the boss should treat us etc We have got expectations any expectation not fulfilled

comes as pain It can be caused by their behavior it can be caused by their language (also body language) when

you are talking to a person and that person looks elsewhere The more sensitive you are greater the pain

Therefore sensitivity should always go with tolerance In fact greater the sensitivity greater should be the

tolerance otherwise life will be miserable Other आहद means all the unfavorable conditions You should have the

capacity to bring शीतोषणसखदःखाहद within your tolerance limit That means you should make the tolerance limit

higher and higher After increasing the limit if the child misbehaves I am correcting him because it is not good

for the child to grow misbehaving and not because of my intolerance but because the situation has to be improved

Therefore correction based on intolerance is a form of suffering it is a struggle in life Therefore increase your

Titiksha level

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७

What is the nature of Shraddha Faith in the words of the Guru and in the scriptures is Sraddha

Shraddha means faith पवशवासः शरदधा Faith in Guru and scriptures - गरवदानतवाकयष Spiritual teacher is called Guru

Guru is one who dispels internal darkness ie ignorance Vedanta says all problems are because of ignorance

Emotional problem means Samsara Ignorance is bacteria The antibiotic is the knowledge tablet a therapy to cure the

Bhava-Roga भवरोगः We need to have faith in the doctor and the course of the treatment to cure the disease Even a

placebo works if there is faith in the doctor Spiritiual Sadhana is a form of treatment to get rid of Bhava-Roga So we

need to have faith in the doctor the Guru Guru practices a particular system of medicine called Vedanta If the

Shradha is not there the disease will not be cured Have faith in the Guru and his practices called Vedanta

समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

What is Samadhanam It is single pointedness of the mind focusing power on a single goal

The focusing capacity of the mind the attention the attention span is called Samadhanam We should be clear about

our goal What we want should be clear We are not very clear about the goal both the short term and long term It

should be thoughtfully decided and once it is decided it should be in the mind all the time My priority should be clear

This capacity to keep the goal in mind all the time is called Samadhanam Any success requires concentration

Samadhanam is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight To reach this goal one controls the

mind (Sama) and the senses (Dama) withdraws from wordly pursuits (Uparama) endures the pinpicks of life

(Titiksha) and faithfully follows the path indicated by the Guru and the scriptures (Shraddha) The resultant absorption

of the mind in the Self is Samadhanam

6 ndash Spiritual Discipline

----------------------------- ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२

What is Mumukshutvam ldquoLet me attain Moksha (liberation) This intense yearning is Mumukshutvam

What desire should you require for self-knowledge Answer - it the desire for self-knowledge An intense yearning for

lsquolet me attain liberationrsquo If a person has desire for liberation he should work for the self-knowledge because that is the

only way for liberation Our life journey should be for the development of qualifications for the knowledge for

liberation Why should I get the Moksha You are not interested because you donrsquot know the glory of the Moksha

एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

These are the four fold qualifications Thereafter (ie after having acquired these fourfold qualifications) they become

Adhikaris ie persons fit for the enquiry into the ldquoTruthrdquo

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

5

साधनचतषटयम

4-Qualifications = 4-Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा Clear Thinking

Nitya vs Anitya Freedom From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation Inner Wealth Intense Yearning

Healthy Desire

ननतयम ndash permanent

अननतयम ndash impermanent

Discrimination is clear awareness of the fact about what is permanent and what is impermanent Why should we know

that In order to avoid wrong expectations Permanent happiness cannot come from impermanent things Permanent

security cannot come from impermanent things Most of the sorrows are caused by my own wrong expectation No like

and no dislike is permanent with regard to things and people also Body changes mind changes value changes and so

we cannot expect them to be permanent Permanent happiness comes from permanent source

The clarity of thinking between what is permanent and what is impermanent is called पववकः पवरागः ndash freedom from addiction obsession craving madness or slavery with regard to sense pleasure Author is not

against the sense pleasures but author is against the addiction to sense pleasures The sense pleasure is divided into

इहाथव - the sense pleasures available here at present time and अमतराथव - the future sense pleasures in a different time

and place (अमतर means सवगव) Humans are obsessed with both ie the here and the future (building castles in the air)

We are so preoccupied with the future that we leave the present

फलम ndash कमवफलम ndash the result of your own effort at present and in future

भोगः ndash enjoyment

शमः ndash disciplined mind - mental discipline of thoughts

ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ What is meant by the discrimination between the eternal (permanent) and the ephemeral (impermanent) ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२

Brahman alone is the only one ननतयवसत the eternal factor Everything else is Anitya ie impermanent This

conviction is the discrimination Everything we come across is impermanent even earth sun and stars are

impermanent

There is one permanent thing and that is Brahman Brahman means a limitless entity space and ldquotime wiserdquo limitless

बहत means big All pervading eternal entity is Brahman Other than that Brahman everything else is impermanent It

is free from ldquospace-wiserdquo (all pervading) and ldquotime-wiserdquo limitation (eternal present at all times) Brahman means

eternal all-pervading entity Though Brahman is everywhere only I have to discover that Brahman

तद यनतररकता सववम अननतयम ndash Everything else is impermanent

Brahman alone is permanent all pervading (not spatially limited) and eternal ndash not limited by time

God is present everywhere and at all times Brahman alone is the real source of permanent happiness and security

Everything else is impermanent अयम एव ननतय अननतयवसतपववकः ndash This understanding alone is called discrimination

4 - Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- पवरागः कः ४-१

What is dispassion

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

It is the absence of desire for the enjoyment of the fruits of onersquos actions in this world and in the other world

तततवबोधः

6

राहहतयम - absense of addiction slavery from इचछा which is passion addiction slavery total dependence with regard

to sense pleasures भोगष Sensory pleasure is of two types अधासमवक unethical immoral and this should be totally

avoided धासमवक कामः भोगः ndash moderation of this type of sensory pleasure Develop good addiction to remove bad

addiction Later good addiction should be transcended through wisdom (सववधमावन पररतयजय मामका शरणा वरि) When

इह ndash here at present and सवगव ndash in heaven in future

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ What are the accomplishments of Sadhana starting with Sama

Sampatti means wealth here it is meant internal wealth

शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ They are Sama Dama Uparama Titiksha Sraddha and Samadhana

शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ What is Sama It is control or mastery over the mind

शमः means शाजनतः शाजनतः means समतवम Therefore शमः means peace of mind poise of mind tranquility of mind It

is mind free from stress and strain Why is peace of mind needed अशानतसय मनोभारः Mind of a disturbed person is

heavy For one without peace of mind life becomes a ldquodraggingrdquo life A ldquolight-mindrdquo alone can be used as an

instrument for accomplishing our goal Therefore शासतर calls the mind a अनतः करणम करणम means an instrument

Only a ldquolight-mindrdquo can be carried by me and used as an instrument by me A peaceful mind is required for the

physical health also Even our intelligence can be utilized only when our mind is calm Disturbed mind is a VIRUS

meaning ldquoVital Information Resources under Seizerdquo शाजनत alone gives you happiness So manage your mental stress

How to do it तततवबोध does not teach you the method Krishna gives the method in Bhagavad Gita

मनः is an internal sense organ

दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४

What is Dama It is control or mastery over external sense organs

ननगरहः means mastery control इजनरय means sense organ बाहय external चकषराहद eyes tongue ears etc

Control does not mean suppression शासतर does not believe in suppression because it will explode later Control means

intelligently channelizing them I want the senses to go wherever I desire eg water is channelized with a dam Proper

direction of the sense organs is required sensory control is required Why Our mental condition is dependent on our

sense organs because they alone decide which part of the world should enter my mind Sense organs are the gate ways

They are the doors they decide which part of the world which sound must enter into me which form must enter into

me what smell must enter into me etc What enters my mind is determined by sense organs If sense organs are not

properly managed anything and everything will enter my mind This causes a security problem A security person is

needed Whatever causes internal disturbance will have no permission to enter inside No entry without permission No

trespassing allowed This is called दमः or sensory control which is required for mental health And mental health is

required for the pursuit of the knowledge

उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

What is Uparama It is the strict observance of onersquos own duty

Meanings

1) Maintenance of the peace of mind acquired through शमः Preventing the mind from further disturbance

2) सनयासाशरमः is उपरमः a monastic life itself is called उपरमः 3) सवधमावनषठानम ndash There are five types of activities

Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma Kamya Karma Prayaschita Karma Nishiddha Karma Retain the first two

namely Nitya and Naimitika and reduce the other three - Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma ndash सवधमव

तततवबोधः

7

Nitya and Naimitika are conducive to the spiritual growth ie Vedanta friendly Just like exercise is needed for

physical growth activities are needed for spiritual growth Spiritual growth oriented activities or spiritual

activities are Nitya and Naimitika Karmas

- Kamya Karma ndash materialistic activities

- Prayaschita Karma or Parihara Karma is meant to neutralize nullify our own past negative actions They are like

medicinal Karmani

- Nishiddha Karmas are Vedanta unfriendly prohibited actions They are beneficial to me but will be harmful to

others We should avoid these types of Karmas We should study them so that they are diligently avoided

Uparama is the state of mind and senses that has withdrawn from the world of objects When Sama and Dama become

natural Uparama is automatically is achieved In Sama and Dama the mind and senses may be amongst objects but are

restrained with alertness but in Uparama they are automatically withdrawn from objects The example given in the

Gita is of the tortoise that withdraws its head and limbs effortlessly into its shell

उपरमः Strict Observance of Onersquos Own Duty DOs

Gradual Increase and doing only these

DONrsquoTrsquos

Gradual Decrease and ultimate avoidance of these

Nitya Naimitika Kamya Prayaschit Nishiddha

उपरमः is gradual increase of DOs and Gradual reduction of DONrsquoTrsquos

Sri Sankaracharya defines Uparama is the strict observance of onersquos own duties Duties come to all of us according to

our age position and place in life Many of us revolt against their performance or do so out of force or habit often

bored and burdened by them A student dislikes studies and goes to school as though to oblige his parents But when

onersquos duties are performed with enthusiasm and dedication not only does the performance bring joy but the mind

becomes steady single pointed free of likes and dislikes peaceful and withdrawn The highest form of Uparama is

when one remains in onersquos ultimate and true nature सवधमव which is Existence-Consciousness-Bliss Outer withdrawal

and performance of onersquos duty are necessary to reach that state So कमवयोगः leads one to जञानयोगः

5 ndash Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

What is Titiksha It is the endurance patience forbearance of heat and cold pleasure and pain etc

This is an important and useful discipline for spiritual seekers and non-spiritual people too This is because

every one has to face painful experiences in life no onersquos life is a uniform path of roses In Puranas we find good and

bad people confront pain Rama Krishna and Shiva faced many painful experiences Life involves pleasurable and

painful experience of various gradations Some are physical and some are mental pain Physical is called याथध and

mental is called आथध आथध याथध सहहता िनम When we go through pain it is not a comfortable happy thing When

there is pain in the mind the mind itself becomes a burden भारः अशानतसय मनोभारः The mind of a disturbed person

is heavy With a heavy mind even conducting life itself becomes a very difficult thing and there is no question of

undertaking any constructive activity Taking to spiritual study becomes still more difficult Therefore every human

being needs to find methods of handling pain How to handle pain We try conventional methods

1) Find solution or remedy for the pain by bringing out appropriate changes in the condition Sometimes this

remedial measure works but often they are very expensive physically mentally ldquotime-wiserdquo ldquoenergy-wiserdquo and

ldquostress-wiserdquo The load is shifted from the left shoulder to the right shoulder It replaces one pain with the other

2) We go on tolerating the pain because the remedy is not appropriate This will cause pressure to mount up in the

mind and body Time comes when we are not able to handle the pain the pain gets converted to anger and

explodes We let out the pressure and steam This is transferring my pain to the other

3) We cannot explode because of the situation therefore we silently suppress for years and years and years I

victimize myself so I become a useless worthless person Suppression is not appropriate because I suffer myself

4) Scriptures talk about the 4th solution God has given us the capacity to tolerate pain to withstand pain and it is

called Titiksha The tolerance threshold varies from person to person Pain is not pain when it is within the

threshold It is pain when it goes beyond the threshold By right Sadhana and understanding if we increase the

threshold what others call pain it will not be looked upon as pain Pain is very subjective Titiksha means

increasing the level of endurance patience impunity or resistance power Mental resistance is increased A

healthy mind has a high resistance power so that most of the situations in life which other people call pain is not

तततवबोधः

8

pain at all to him This is elevation of the threshold level सहहषणतवम ndash endurance putting up with patience

forbearance tolerance etc At physical level it is called endurance at mental level it is called patience Both

together are called Titiksha सहहषणतवम endurance with respect to heat and cold - शीतोषणम means the physical

capacity to withstand the ups and downs in the physical conditions around us This is physical endurance One

should develop endurance because it helps in the development of concentration सहहषणतवम endurance with

respect to happiness and sorrow - सखदखम means endurance with respect to emotional pain It is caused by

people around us our own family members We have got high expectation about how the husband should treat us

or wife should treat us how the children should treat us how the daughter-in-law should treat us how the grand

children should treat us how the boss should treat us etc We have got expectations any expectation not fulfilled

comes as pain It can be caused by their behavior it can be caused by their language (also body language) when

you are talking to a person and that person looks elsewhere The more sensitive you are greater the pain

Therefore sensitivity should always go with tolerance In fact greater the sensitivity greater should be the

tolerance otherwise life will be miserable Other आहद means all the unfavorable conditions You should have the

capacity to bring शीतोषणसखदःखाहद within your tolerance limit That means you should make the tolerance limit

higher and higher After increasing the limit if the child misbehaves I am correcting him because it is not good

for the child to grow misbehaving and not because of my intolerance but because the situation has to be improved

Therefore correction based on intolerance is a form of suffering it is a struggle in life Therefore increase your

Titiksha level

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७

What is the nature of Shraddha Faith in the words of the Guru and in the scriptures is Sraddha

Shraddha means faith पवशवासः शरदधा Faith in Guru and scriptures - गरवदानतवाकयष Spiritual teacher is called Guru

Guru is one who dispels internal darkness ie ignorance Vedanta says all problems are because of ignorance

Emotional problem means Samsara Ignorance is bacteria The antibiotic is the knowledge tablet a therapy to cure the

Bhava-Roga भवरोगः We need to have faith in the doctor and the course of the treatment to cure the disease Even a

placebo works if there is faith in the doctor Spiritiual Sadhana is a form of treatment to get rid of Bhava-Roga So we

need to have faith in the doctor the Guru Guru practices a particular system of medicine called Vedanta If the

Shradha is not there the disease will not be cured Have faith in the Guru and his practices called Vedanta

समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

What is Samadhanam It is single pointedness of the mind focusing power on a single goal

The focusing capacity of the mind the attention the attention span is called Samadhanam We should be clear about

our goal What we want should be clear We are not very clear about the goal both the short term and long term It

should be thoughtfully decided and once it is decided it should be in the mind all the time My priority should be clear

This capacity to keep the goal in mind all the time is called Samadhanam Any success requires concentration

Samadhanam is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight To reach this goal one controls the

mind (Sama) and the senses (Dama) withdraws from wordly pursuits (Uparama) endures the pinpicks of life

(Titiksha) and faithfully follows the path indicated by the Guru and the scriptures (Shraddha) The resultant absorption

of the mind in the Self is Samadhanam

6 ndash Spiritual Discipline

----------------------------- ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२

What is Mumukshutvam ldquoLet me attain Moksha (liberation) This intense yearning is Mumukshutvam

What desire should you require for self-knowledge Answer - it the desire for self-knowledge An intense yearning for

lsquolet me attain liberationrsquo If a person has desire for liberation he should work for the self-knowledge because that is the

only way for liberation Our life journey should be for the development of qualifications for the knowledge for

liberation Why should I get the Moksha You are not interested because you donrsquot know the glory of the Moksha

एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

These are the four fold qualifications Thereafter (ie after having acquired these fourfold qualifications) they become

Adhikaris ie persons fit for the enquiry into the ldquoTruthrdquo

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

6

राहहतयम - absense of addiction slavery from इचछा which is passion addiction slavery total dependence with regard

to sense pleasures भोगष Sensory pleasure is of two types अधासमवक unethical immoral and this should be totally

avoided धासमवक कामः भोगः ndash moderation of this type of sensory pleasure Develop good addiction to remove bad

addiction Later good addiction should be transcended through wisdom (सववधमावन पररतयजय मामका शरणा वरि) When

इह ndash here at present and सवगव ndash in heaven in future

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ What are the accomplishments of Sadhana starting with Sama

Sampatti means wealth here it is meant internal wealth

शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ They are Sama Dama Uparama Titiksha Sraddha and Samadhana

शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ What is Sama It is control or mastery over the mind

शमः means शाजनतः शाजनतः means समतवम Therefore शमः means peace of mind poise of mind tranquility of mind It

is mind free from stress and strain Why is peace of mind needed अशानतसय मनोभारः Mind of a disturbed person is

heavy For one without peace of mind life becomes a ldquodraggingrdquo life A ldquolight-mindrdquo alone can be used as an

instrument for accomplishing our goal Therefore शासतर calls the mind a अनतः करणम करणम means an instrument

Only a ldquolight-mindrdquo can be carried by me and used as an instrument by me A peaceful mind is required for the

physical health also Even our intelligence can be utilized only when our mind is calm Disturbed mind is a VIRUS

meaning ldquoVital Information Resources under Seizerdquo शाजनत alone gives you happiness So manage your mental stress

How to do it तततवबोध does not teach you the method Krishna gives the method in Bhagavad Gita

मनः is an internal sense organ

दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४

What is Dama It is control or mastery over external sense organs

ननगरहः means mastery control इजनरय means sense organ बाहय external चकषराहद eyes tongue ears etc

Control does not mean suppression शासतर does not believe in suppression because it will explode later Control means

intelligently channelizing them I want the senses to go wherever I desire eg water is channelized with a dam Proper

direction of the sense organs is required sensory control is required Why Our mental condition is dependent on our

sense organs because they alone decide which part of the world should enter my mind Sense organs are the gate ways

They are the doors they decide which part of the world which sound must enter into me which form must enter into

me what smell must enter into me etc What enters my mind is determined by sense organs If sense organs are not

properly managed anything and everything will enter my mind This causes a security problem A security person is

needed Whatever causes internal disturbance will have no permission to enter inside No entry without permission No

trespassing allowed This is called दमः or sensory control which is required for mental health And mental health is

required for the pursuit of the knowledge

उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

What is Uparama It is the strict observance of onersquos own duty

Meanings

1) Maintenance of the peace of mind acquired through शमः Preventing the mind from further disturbance

2) सनयासाशरमः is उपरमः a monastic life itself is called उपरमः 3) सवधमावनषठानम ndash There are five types of activities

Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma Kamya Karma Prayaschita Karma Nishiddha Karma Retain the first two

namely Nitya and Naimitika and reduce the other three - Nitya Karma Naimitika Karma ndash सवधमव

तततवबोधः

7

Nitya and Naimitika are conducive to the spiritual growth ie Vedanta friendly Just like exercise is needed for

physical growth activities are needed for spiritual growth Spiritual growth oriented activities or spiritual

activities are Nitya and Naimitika Karmas

- Kamya Karma ndash materialistic activities

- Prayaschita Karma or Parihara Karma is meant to neutralize nullify our own past negative actions They are like

medicinal Karmani

- Nishiddha Karmas are Vedanta unfriendly prohibited actions They are beneficial to me but will be harmful to

others We should avoid these types of Karmas We should study them so that they are diligently avoided

Uparama is the state of mind and senses that has withdrawn from the world of objects When Sama and Dama become

natural Uparama is automatically is achieved In Sama and Dama the mind and senses may be amongst objects but are

restrained with alertness but in Uparama they are automatically withdrawn from objects The example given in the

Gita is of the tortoise that withdraws its head and limbs effortlessly into its shell

उपरमः Strict Observance of Onersquos Own Duty DOs

Gradual Increase and doing only these

DONrsquoTrsquos

Gradual Decrease and ultimate avoidance of these

Nitya Naimitika Kamya Prayaschit Nishiddha

उपरमः is gradual increase of DOs and Gradual reduction of DONrsquoTrsquos

Sri Sankaracharya defines Uparama is the strict observance of onersquos own duties Duties come to all of us according to

our age position and place in life Many of us revolt against their performance or do so out of force or habit often

bored and burdened by them A student dislikes studies and goes to school as though to oblige his parents But when

onersquos duties are performed with enthusiasm and dedication not only does the performance bring joy but the mind

becomes steady single pointed free of likes and dislikes peaceful and withdrawn The highest form of Uparama is

when one remains in onersquos ultimate and true nature सवधमव which is Existence-Consciousness-Bliss Outer withdrawal

and performance of onersquos duty are necessary to reach that state So कमवयोगः leads one to जञानयोगः

5 ndash Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

What is Titiksha It is the endurance patience forbearance of heat and cold pleasure and pain etc

This is an important and useful discipline for spiritual seekers and non-spiritual people too This is because

every one has to face painful experiences in life no onersquos life is a uniform path of roses In Puranas we find good and

bad people confront pain Rama Krishna and Shiva faced many painful experiences Life involves pleasurable and

painful experience of various gradations Some are physical and some are mental pain Physical is called याथध and

mental is called आथध आथध याथध सहहता िनम When we go through pain it is not a comfortable happy thing When

there is pain in the mind the mind itself becomes a burden भारः अशानतसय मनोभारः The mind of a disturbed person

is heavy With a heavy mind even conducting life itself becomes a very difficult thing and there is no question of

undertaking any constructive activity Taking to spiritual study becomes still more difficult Therefore every human

being needs to find methods of handling pain How to handle pain We try conventional methods

1) Find solution or remedy for the pain by bringing out appropriate changes in the condition Sometimes this

remedial measure works but often they are very expensive physically mentally ldquotime-wiserdquo ldquoenergy-wiserdquo and

ldquostress-wiserdquo The load is shifted from the left shoulder to the right shoulder It replaces one pain with the other

2) We go on tolerating the pain because the remedy is not appropriate This will cause pressure to mount up in the

mind and body Time comes when we are not able to handle the pain the pain gets converted to anger and

explodes We let out the pressure and steam This is transferring my pain to the other

3) We cannot explode because of the situation therefore we silently suppress for years and years and years I

victimize myself so I become a useless worthless person Suppression is not appropriate because I suffer myself

4) Scriptures talk about the 4th solution God has given us the capacity to tolerate pain to withstand pain and it is

called Titiksha The tolerance threshold varies from person to person Pain is not pain when it is within the

threshold It is pain when it goes beyond the threshold By right Sadhana and understanding if we increase the

threshold what others call pain it will not be looked upon as pain Pain is very subjective Titiksha means

increasing the level of endurance patience impunity or resistance power Mental resistance is increased A

healthy mind has a high resistance power so that most of the situations in life which other people call pain is not

तततवबोधः

8

pain at all to him This is elevation of the threshold level सहहषणतवम ndash endurance putting up with patience

forbearance tolerance etc At physical level it is called endurance at mental level it is called patience Both

together are called Titiksha सहहषणतवम endurance with respect to heat and cold - शीतोषणम means the physical

capacity to withstand the ups and downs in the physical conditions around us This is physical endurance One

should develop endurance because it helps in the development of concentration सहहषणतवम endurance with

respect to happiness and sorrow - सखदखम means endurance with respect to emotional pain It is caused by

people around us our own family members We have got high expectation about how the husband should treat us

or wife should treat us how the children should treat us how the daughter-in-law should treat us how the grand

children should treat us how the boss should treat us etc We have got expectations any expectation not fulfilled

comes as pain It can be caused by their behavior it can be caused by their language (also body language) when

you are talking to a person and that person looks elsewhere The more sensitive you are greater the pain

Therefore sensitivity should always go with tolerance In fact greater the sensitivity greater should be the

tolerance otherwise life will be miserable Other आहद means all the unfavorable conditions You should have the

capacity to bring शीतोषणसखदःखाहद within your tolerance limit That means you should make the tolerance limit

higher and higher After increasing the limit if the child misbehaves I am correcting him because it is not good

for the child to grow misbehaving and not because of my intolerance but because the situation has to be improved

Therefore correction based on intolerance is a form of suffering it is a struggle in life Therefore increase your

Titiksha level

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७

What is the nature of Shraddha Faith in the words of the Guru and in the scriptures is Sraddha

Shraddha means faith पवशवासः शरदधा Faith in Guru and scriptures - गरवदानतवाकयष Spiritual teacher is called Guru

Guru is one who dispels internal darkness ie ignorance Vedanta says all problems are because of ignorance

Emotional problem means Samsara Ignorance is bacteria The antibiotic is the knowledge tablet a therapy to cure the

Bhava-Roga भवरोगः We need to have faith in the doctor and the course of the treatment to cure the disease Even a

placebo works if there is faith in the doctor Spiritiual Sadhana is a form of treatment to get rid of Bhava-Roga So we

need to have faith in the doctor the Guru Guru practices a particular system of medicine called Vedanta If the

Shradha is not there the disease will not be cured Have faith in the Guru and his practices called Vedanta

समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

What is Samadhanam It is single pointedness of the mind focusing power on a single goal

The focusing capacity of the mind the attention the attention span is called Samadhanam We should be clear about

our goal What we want should be clear We are not very clear about the goal both the short term and long term It

should be thoughtfully decided and once it is decided it should be in the mind all the time My priority should be clear

This capacity to keep the goal in mind all the time is called Samadhanam Any success requires concentration

Samadhanam is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight To reach this goal one controls the

mind (Sama) and the senses (Dama) withdraws from wordly pursuits (Uparama) endures the pinpicks of life

(Titiksha) and faithfully follows the path indicated by the Guru and the scriptures (Shraddha) The resultant absorption

of the mind in the Self is Samadhanam

6 ndash Spiritual Discipline

----------------------------- ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२

What is Mumukshutvam ldquoLet me attain Moksha (liberation) This intense yearning is Mumukshutvam

What desire should you require for self-knowledge Answer - it the desire for self-knowledge An intense yearning for

lsquolet me attain liberationrsquo If a person has desire for liberation he should work for the self-knowledge because that is the

only way for liberation Our life journey should be for the development of qualifications for the knowledge for

liberation Why should I get the Moksha You are not interested because you donrsquot know the glory of the Moksha

एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

These are the four fold qualifications Thereafter (ie after having acquired these fourfold qualifications) they become

Adhikaris ie persons fit for the enquiry into the ldquoTruthrdquo

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

7

Nitya and Naimitika are conducive to the spiritual growth ie Vedanta friendly Just like exercise is needed for

physical growth activities are needed for spiritual growth Spiritual growth oriented activities or spiritual

activities are Nitya and Naimitika Karmas

- Kamya Karma ndash materialistic activities

- Prayaschita Karma or Parihara Karma is meant to neutralize nullify our own past negative actions They are like

medicinal Karmani

- Nishiddha Karmas are Vedanta unfriendly prohibited actions They are beneficial to me but will be harmful to

others We should avoid these types of Karmas We should study them so that they are diligently avoided

Uparama is the state of mind and senses that has withdrawn from the world of objects When Sama and Dama become

natural Uparama is automatically is achieved In Sama and Dama the mind and senses may be amongst objects but are

restrained with alertness but in Uparama they are automatically withdrawn from objects The example given in the

Gita is of the tortoise that withdraws its head and limbs effortlessly into its shell

उपरमः Strict Observance of Onersquos Own Duty DOs

Gradual Increase and doing only these

DONrsquoTrsquos

Gradual Decrease and ultimate avoidance of these

Nitya Naimitika Kamya Prayaschit Nishiddha

उपरमः is gradual increase of DOs and Gradual reduction of DONrsquoTrsquos

Sri Sankaracharya defines Uparama is the strict observance of onersquos own duties Duties come to all of us according to

our age position and place in life Many of us revolt against their performance or do so out of force or habit often

bored and burdened by them A student dislikes studies and goes to school as though to oblige his parents But when

onersquos duties are performed with enthusiasm and dedication not only does the performance bring joy but the mind

becomes steady single pointed free of likes and dislikes peaceful and withdrawn The highest form of Uparama is

when one remains in onersquos ultimate and true nature सवधमव which is Existence-Consciousness-Bliss Outer withdrawal

and performance of onersquos duty are necessary to reach that state So कमवयोगः leads one to जञानयोगः

5 ndash Spiritual discipline

---------------------------- नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

What is Titiksha It is the endurance patience forbearance of heat and cold pleasure and pain etc

This is an important and useful discipline for spiritual seekers and non-spiritual people too This is because

every one has to face painful experiences in life no onersquos life is a uniform path of roses In Puranas we find good and

bad people confront pain Rama Krishna and Shiva faced many painful experiences Life involves pleasurable and

painful experience of various gradations Some are physical and some are mental pain Physical is called याथध and

mental is called आथध आथध याथध सहहता िनम When we go through pain it is not a comfortable happy thing When

there is pain in the mind the mind itself becomes a burden भारः अशानतसय मनोभारः The mind of a disturbed person

is heavy With a heavy mind even conducting life itself becomes a very difficult thing and there is no question of

undertaking any constructive activity Taking to spiritual study becomes still more difficult Therefore every human

being needs to find methods of handling pain How to handle pain We try conventional methods

1) Find solution or remedy for the pain by bringing out appropriate changes in the condition Sometimes this

remedial measure works but often they are very expensive physically mentally ldquotime-wiserdquo ldquoenergy-wiserdquo and

ldquostress-wiserdquo The load is shifted from the left shoulder to the right shoulder It replaces one pain with the other

2) We go on tolerating the pain because the remedy is not appropriate This will cause pressure to mount up in the

mind and body Time comes when we are not able to handle the pain the pain gets converted to anger and

explodes We let out the pressure and steam This is transferring my pain to the other

3) We cannot explode because of the situation therefore we silently suppress for years and years and years I

victimize myself so I become a useless worthless person Suppression is not appropriate because I suffer myself

4) Scriptures talk about the 4th solution God has given us the capacity to tolerate pain to withstand pain and it is

called Titiksha The tolerance threshold varies from person to person Pain is not pain when it is within the

threshold It is pain when it goes beyond the threshold By right Sadhana and understanding if we increase the

threshold what others call pain it will not be looked upon as pain Pain is very subjective Titiksha means

increasing the level of endurance patience impunity or resistance power Mental resistance is increased A

healthy mind has a high resistance power so that most of the situations in life which other people call pain is not

तततवबोधः

8

pain at all to him This is elevation of the threshold level सहहषणतवम ndash endurance putting up with patience

forbearance tolerance etc At physical level it is called endurance at mental level it is called patience Both

together are called Titiksha सहहषणतवम endurance with respect to heat and cold - शीतोषणम means the physical

capacity to withstand the ups and downs in the physical conditions around us This is physical endurance One

should develop endurance because it helps in the development of concentration सहहषणतवम endurance with

respect to happiness and sorrow - सखदखम means endurance with respect to emotional pain It is caused by

people around us our own family members We have got high expectation about how the husband should treat us

or wife should treat us how the children should treat us how the daughter-in-law should treat us how the grand

children should treat us how the boss should treat us etc We have got expectations any expectation not fulfilled

comes as pain It can be caused by their behavior it can be caused by their language (also body language) when

you are talking to a person and that person looks elsewhere The more sensitive you are greater the pain

Therefore sensitivity should always go with tolerance In fact greater the sensitivity greater should be the

tolerance otherwise life will be miserable Other आहद means all the unfavorable conditions You should have the

capacity to bring शीतोषणसखदःखाहद within your tolerance limit That means you should make the tolerance limit

higher and higher After increasing the limit if the child misbehaves I am correcting him because it is not good

for the child to grow misbehaving and not because of my intolerance but because the situation has to be improved

Therefore correction based on intolerance is a form of suffering it is a struggle in life Therefore increase your

Titiksha level

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७

What is the nature of Shraddha Faith in the words of the Guru and in the scriptures is Sraddha

Shraddha means faith पवशवासः शरदधा Faith in Guru and scriptures - गरवदानतवाकयष Spiritual teacher is called Guru

Guru is one who dispels internal darkness ie ignorance Vedanta says all problems are because of ignorance

Emotional problem means Samsara Ignorance is bacteria The antibiotic is the knowledge tablet a therapy to cure the

Bhava-Roga भवरोगः We need to have faith in the doctor and the course of the treatment to cure the disease Even a

placebo works if there is faith in the doctor Spiritiual Sadhana is a form of treatment to get rid of Bhava-Roga So we

need to have faith in the doctor the Guru Guru practices a particular system of medicine called Vedanta If the

Shradha is not there the disease will not be cured Have faith in the Guru and his practices called Vedanta

समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

What is Samadhanam It is single pointedness of the mind focusing power on a single goal

The focusing capacity of the mind the attention the attention span is called Samadhanam We should be clear about

our goal What we want should be clear We are not very clear about the goal both the short term and long term It

should be thoughtfully decided and once it is decided it should be in the mind all the time My priority should be clear

This capacity to keep the goal in mind all the time is called Samadhanam Any success requires concentration

Samadhanam is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight To reach this goal one controls the

mind (Sama) and the senses (Dama) withdraws from wordly pursuits (Uparama) endures the pinpicks of life

(Titiksha) and faithfully follows the path indicated by the Guru and the scriptures (Shraddha) The resultant absorption

of the mind in the Self is Samadhanam

6 ndash Spiritual Discipline

----------------------------- ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२

What is Mumukshutvam ldquoLet me attain Moksha (liberation) This intense yearning is Mumukshutvam

What desire should you require for self-knowledge Answer - it the desire for self-knowledge An intense yearning for

lsquolet me attain liberationrsquo If a person has desire for liberation he should work for the self-knowledge because that is the

only way for liberation Our life journey should be for the development of qualifications for the knowledge for

liberation Why should I get the Moksha You are not interested because you donrsquot know the glory of the Moksha

एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

These are the four fold qualifications Thereafter (ie after having acquired these fourfold qualifications) they become

Adhikaris ie persons fit for the enquiry into the ldquoTruthrdquo

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

8

pain at all to him This is elevation of the threshold level सहहषणतवम ndash endurance putting up with patience

forbearance tolerance etc At physical level it is called endurance at mental level it is called patience Both

together are called Titiksha सहहषणतवम endurance with respect to heat and cold - शीतोषणम means the physical

capacity to withstand the ups and downs in the physical conditions around us This is physical endurance One

should develop endurance because it helps in the development of concentration सहहषणतवम endurance with

respect to happiness and sorrow - सखदखम means endurance with respect to emotional pain It is caused by

people around us our own family members We have got high expectation about how the husband should treat us

or wife should treat us how the children should treat us how the daughter-in-law should treat us how the grand

children should treat us how the boss should treat us etc We have got expectations any expectation not fulfilled

comes as pain It can be caused by their behavior it can be caused by their language (also body language) when

you are talking to a person and that person looks elsewhere The more sensitive you are greater the pain

Therefore sensitivity should always go with tolerance In fact greater the sensitivity greater should be the

tolerance otherwise life will be miserable Other आहद means all the unfavorable conditions You should have the

capacity to bring शीतोषणसखदःखाहद within your tolerance limit That means you should make the tolerance limit

higher and higher After increasing the limit if the child misbehaves I am correcting him because it is not good

for the child to grow misbehaving and not because of my intolerance but because the situation has to be improved

Therefore correction based on intolerance is a form of suffering it is a struggle in life Therefore increase your

Titiksha level

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७

What is the nature of Shraddha Faith in the words of the Guru and in the scriptures is Sraddha

Shraddha means faith पवशवासः शरदधा Faith in Guru and scriptures - गरवदानतवाकयष Spiritual teacher is called Guru

Guru is one who dispels internal darkness ie ignorance Vedanta says all problems are because of ignorance

Emotional problem means Samsara Ignorance is bacteria The antibiotic is the knowledge tablet a therapy to cure the

Bhava-Roga भवरोगः We need to have faith in the doctor and the course of the treatment to cure the disease Even a

placebo works if there is faith in the doctor Spiritiual Sadhana is a form of treatment to get rid of Bhava-Roga So we

need to have faith in the doctor the Guru Guru practices a particular system of medicine called Vedanta If the

Shradha is not there the disease will not be cured Have faith in the Guru and his practices called Vedanta

समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

What is Samadhanam It is single pointedness of the mind focusing power on a single goal

The focusing capacity of the mind the attention the attention span is called Samadhanam We should be clear about

our goal What we want should be clear We are not very clear about the goal both the short term and long term It

should be thoughtfully decided and once it is decided it should be in the mind all the time My priority should be clear

This capacity to keep the goal in mind all the time is called Samadhanam Any success requires concentration

Samadhanam is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight To reach this goal one controls the

mind (Sama) and the senses (Dama) withdraws from wordly pursuits (Uparama) endures the pinpicks of life

(Titiksha) and faithfully follows the path indicated by the Guru and the scriptures (Shraddha) The resultant absorption

of the mind in the Self is Samadhanam

6 ndash Spiritual Discipline

----------------------------- ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२

What is Mumukshutvam ldquoLet me attain Moksha (liberation) This intense yearning is Mumukshutvam

What desire should you require for self-knowledge Answer - it the desire for self-knowledge An intense yearning for

lsquolet me attain liberationrsquo If a person has desire for liberation he should work for the self-knowledge because that is the

only way for liberation Our life journey should be for the development of qualifications for the knowledge for

liberation Why should I get the Moksha You are not interested because you donrsquot know the glory of the Moksha

एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

These are the four fold qualifications Thereafter (ie after having acquired these fourfold qualifications) they become

Adhikaris ie persons fit for the enquiry into the ldquoTruthrdquo

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

9

Four Qualifications (स धिचतषटयम) तततवजववकसय अजधक रीणः

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking

about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery Emotional

Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For

Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery

over Mind

Mastery Over

Sense

Organs

Doing ones

Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness Focus

If you donrsquot have these four qualifications you need to get it from someone In Bhagada Gita

Lord Krishna says there is one method ie Karma Yoga - कमवयोगः Karma Yoga is not a particular action but it is a

particular way of life which a person should follow for a length of time not for a few days not for a few weeks but for

many years ndash it is a Karma Yoga way of life or a religious life style What is Karma Yoga It involves three things

1) Sat Karmani ndash सदकमावणण good actions in which the number of the beneficiaries of your actions are

higher परोपकारकमावणण In performing Satkarmani one of the beneficiaries is yourself

2) Sat GuNaha ndash सदगणाः healthy virtues healthy values healthy morals truthfulness compassion

humility consideration for others etc

3) Sat Bhavana ndash सदभावना healthy attitude towards everything in creation ie family neighbors fellow

human beings animals plants nature etc and a general attitude that our scriptures describe as a

reverential attitude towards everything Donrsquot look upon the creation as an enemy to be conquered but it

is your friend with which you have to work and grow

Sit down and learn from a Guru Why Even vidya and any knowledge are considered as sacred as Saraswati Guru is

not looked upon as a person but as teacher representing knowledge therefore knowledge must be at a higher level The

principle is that we should humbly receive the knowledge Everything we do in our culture should be in a reverential

attitude

Veda - 1st part concentrates on Karma Yoga which give us a qualification - gives जञानयोगयता 2nd part ndash Vedanta is meant for giving knowledge ndash जञानम

वदाः + वदानतः = मोकषः

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

What is Tattva Viveka

What is Self-Knowledge

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

ldquoAtman alone is real all things other than that are unrealrdquo This firm conviction is called Tattva Viveka

आतमा सतया तद अनयत सव समथया इनत तततवपववकः आतमा ndash according to Vedanta every mortal individual has got an inner essence a core which is immortal This

immortal inner essence is not visible to our ordinary eyes this inner essence of every mortal being is called Atma

आतमा सतयम and समथया come as a pair Let us imagine that there is table in front of us What we see in front of us

as a tangible solid table is our direct experience Vedanta says if you enquire into the truth of that table you will find a

surprising discovery You will be surprised that it is not a solid tangible table but a piece of wood Wood alone is the

substance wood alone you are seeing and touching Wood is the substance other than wood there is no substance that

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

10

is called table It is a misconception which is continuing because we refuse to think Then what is the table Table is a

new name given to the wood itself It is a nominal existence Why do you give a new name to the wood Why canrsquot it

be called a wood Vedanta says we use the name because the wood is designed and given a particular shape and form

For the particular shape given by a carpenter a new name is given So table is nothing but a name given to a form So

the table is ldquoname-formrdquo principle In Vedanta it is called name and form नामररपम it is not a substance and the

substance is wood

1) ldquoname-formsrdquo are many but the substance behind the ldquoname-formrdquo is only one

2) ldquoname-formsrdquo cannot exist separate from the substance All ldquoname-formsrdquo have dependent existence they borrow

their existence from the substance wood Substance does not depend on the ldquoname-formrdquo When the ldquoname-formrdquo

is destroyed the substance does not get destroyed All ldquoname-formsrdquo are called Mithya (समथया) in Vedanta All

the ornaments are समथया All the Mithya ornaments depend on the rdquonon dependentrdquo substance called Gold

Substance is truth सतयम ldquoname-formsrdquo are ldquonon realrdquo समथया Krishna ndash ि सतो जवदयत वो ि वो जवदयत सतः उ योरजप दषटोोऽनतः तवियोसतततवदरशिज ः गी- २-१६

Atma Satyam ndash the invisible immortal inner essence is the only substance existing independently everything else other

than Atma is UnAtma All the unAtmas are unreal Mithya समथया आतमा सतयम अनातमा ममथया

7 ndash Gross Body

-------------------

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

आतमा कः ९-१

What (who) is Atman

Immortal invisible inner essence of every individual is called the Atma The outer cell is unAtma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

That which is other than the Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharira (gross subtle and causal bodies respectively) which

is beyond the five sheaths which is the witness of the three states of awareness which is the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda

(Existence-Knowledge-Bliss) is Atma

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर त वयजतररकतः पचकोि अतीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सत जचत आिनदसवरपः सि यः जतषठजत सः आतम

UnAtma is divided into several layers This is done for focused based study UnAtma is divided into three groups

1) शरीरम तरयम ndash 3 fold bodies - सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

2) कोशपञचकम ndash 5 fold layers of the human personality ndash stratification of the individual

3) अवसथा तरयम ndash 3 fold states of experiences

Thus eleven components or ingredients make the UnAtma Atma is different than (यनतररकतः) the eleven components अतीतः - Atitaha ndash beyond transcending

पञचकोशाः 5 layers

१) अननमयकोशः २) पराणमयकोशः ३) मनोमयकोशः ४) पवजञानमयकोशः ५) आननदमयकोशः

अवसथातरयम ndash three state of experiences

१) िागरतावसथा ndash waking state of experience

२) सवपनावसथा ndash dream state of experience

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४

तततवबोधः

11

३) ससपतावसथा ndash dreamless sleep state of experience - deep sleep dreamless sleep

साकषी ndash the witness the observer which is different from all these three

What is the nature (सवररपः) of that Atma Answer ndash सजचचदाननदः

The Gross Body सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

What is Sthula Shariram (the gross body)

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The gross body is that which is composed of the five Mahabhutas (elements) after they have undergone the process of

Panchikarana It is born as a result of good actions of the past it is the tenement (rented place) to earn the experiences

of Sukha Dukha and the like and is subject to the six modifications namely ldquoisrdquo born grows changes decays and

dies

Cause function and nature are conditions of the Sthula Shariram (physical body)

Condition - gross perceptible to sense organs Can be seen heard and smelled It is the Indriya Gocharam

Cause ndash 1) General ndash सामानय कारणम is the same for every physical body It is made up of five fundamental elements

called पञचमहाभतानन They are space आकाशः air वायः fire अजगनः water िलम and earth पथथवी They are

the raw materials for the physical body of all living beings so the body is called पाञचभौनतकशरीरम which is

produced out of manufactured out of and shaped out of कतम 2) Specific ndash पवशषकारणम ndash varies from individual to individual based on good and bad actions कमव ndash पणयपापकमव

What is the role of the Karma Karma determines the quality of the physical body and the type of the

physical body (animal human divine) Raw material (5-elements) is the same but the plan (shape) is

different कमव determines the plan of the body कमविनय Karma varies from individual to individualSo

Karma is cause specific to an individual Human body itself is considered as a great thing It is the most

sacred body it can choose a goal and accomplish it Human body is Punyam ie virtue पणयम ndash सतकमविनयम

It is born out of Punya Karma Function of the body ndash It is a temporary residence abode (आयतनम) of the individual ndash Jiva Remaining in the body

the Jiva can interact with the world It is temporary because the Jiva later shifts the residence to another body It is

temporary so do not fall in love with it later on we need to vacate it

व स जस िीण पजि यथ जवह य िव जि गहण जत िरोऽपर जण

तथ िरीर जण जवह य िीण पनयनय जि सय जत िव जि दही गी ndash २-२२

It is an abode (आयतनम) for Bhogaha ndash pleasurable painful and mixed experiences ndash सखदःखाहदभोग

Nature of the body ndash This body undergoes constant change Every second thousands and millions of cells are dying

and growing This modification is divided into six types

१) अजसत ndash invisible existence in the womb of the mother as fetus

२) िायत ndash takes birth

३) वधवत - grows

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

तततवबोधः

12

४) पवपररणमत ndash changes

५) अपकषीयत - decays

६) पवनशयनत ndash dies but not total destruction It is a form of transformation in which the body merges into

five elements (Mahabhutas) This continuation of transformation is called षडपवकाराः ndash the six fold

modification

Constituents of the body are head trunk hands and legs

दहहनोऽजसमनयथा दह कौमारा यौवना िरा तथा दहानतरपराजपतः थधरसततर न महयनत भगी २-१३

Gross body dissolves at the time to death and a new body is formed at the time of rebirth

8 ndash Subtle Body the astral body

----------------------------------------

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

What is the Sukshma Sharira (the subtle body)

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

The Subtle body is that which is composed of five Mahabhutas (elements) prior to their undergoing the process of

Panchikarana born of good actions of the past and is an instrument for experiences of pleasure pain etc it is

constituted of the seventeen items namely the five Jnanendriyas (sense organs) the five Karmendriyas (the organs of

action) the five Pranas (Prana Apana Udana Samana and Vyana) the Mind and the Intellect

Condition ndash It is called subtle body because it is not visible to others इजनरयागोचरम ndash One of the constituents is the

mind you cannot see my mind someone else cannot see your mind Only you can know your mind and its condition

Cause - अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता ndash created by the five great elements only अपाचीकत means subtle It is born out of

subtle matter you may call it energy energy is invisible form of matter There is specific cause कमविनयम Function - सखदःखाहदभोग साधना ndash it is a tool box with which the person contacts the external world It is a bundle of

several instruments of interactions and consequent experiences (भोगः) Nature ndash It also goes through transformation or change and so they are also subject to destruction The only difference

is that the subtle body has longer life than the gross body So at the time of individual death only the gross body dies

the subtle body continues to survive It is supposed to travel in search of another body Why Gross body is the

residence into which all transactions are possible You donrsquot see it travelling because it is the subtle body Non

perception is not a proof for ldquononexistencerdquo I donrsquot see your mind that does not mean you donrsquot have a mind Subtle

body continues for several births It dies only at the time Pralayam the cosmic dissolution

Constituents ndash Seventeen parts are there - सपतदशकलासभः सह

1) Five organs of knowledge ndash knowledge means input ndashldquo knowledge gatesrdquo पाचजञानजनरयाणण 2) Five organs of action - ldquooutput gatesrdquo पाचकमजनरयाणण 3) Five Pranasndash forms of energy power centers energy centers The physical body is moving

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

तततवबोधः

13

we do have a big fuel tank tummy and food in the fuel tank is converted into energy That internal

energy is called Prana-Shakti - पाच पराणादयः 4) One mind ndash the emotional faculty एका मनः 5) One intellect ndash the rational faculty the intellectual faculty एका बपदधः

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

Ear (seanse of sound) skin (sense of touch) eyes (sense color) tongue (sense of taste) and nose (sense of smell)These

are the five Jnanendriyas the organs of perception

Here we are not referring to the physical gross organs but are referring to the subtle powers behind each gross organ

Therefore Indriya belongs to the subtle body Physical parts are in the gross body Indriyas are not in the dead body

Here the reference is to the subtle organs that will not be present in the dead body In a deaf person the ears are there

but the Indriya is not present In a blind person the eyes are there but the Indriya is not there

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

The presiding deity of the ear is Space of the skin is the Air of the eyes is the Sun of the tongue is the Varuna (The

principle of water) and of the nose is the Aswini Kumars (twins) Thus (the aforesaid) are the presiding deities of the

organs of perception

Devata is a unique concept in our scriptures Every sense organ has got a faculty like seeing hearing etc Each has its

own limitation The owl can see more than us and the dog can hear sounds we cannot Every faculty is a finite faculty

Every finite faculty must have a corresponding total power which exists in the cosmos That power is called a Devata

A Devata is any power at a macro level Like a prime minister giving part of hisher power to the minister Devatas are

given powers by Ishvar God is the conglomeration of all the powers ndash hearing listening etc ndash Devatas Indriyas are

functioning only with the blessing from the corresponding presiding Devata the corresponding macro power

हदग वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ (२) ndash five Devatas

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

The field of experience for the ear is the reception of sound for the skin it is the cognition of touch for the eyes it is the

perception of forms for the tongue it is the cognition of taste and for the nose it is the cognition of smell

Functions ndash पवषयाः ndash Grasping गरहणम sound शबद touch सपशव color रपम taste रस smell गनध The world has five-fold properties of sound touch color taste and smell

9 ndash Subtle body

---------------------

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

Speech hands legs anus and the genitals are the five Karmendriyas - the organs of action organs for output for giving

वाक ndash organ of speech not physical part but the invisible partthe power because of which mouth is able to express

पाणण ndash handles the objects of the world not the physical part but the Indriya

पादः ndash feet legs ndash for movement mobility power of movement

पायः - internal organ which removes the waste from the body Body is the factory the food is converted into energy

for activity any factory discharges waste It is waste removal (both solid and liquid)

उपसथः ndash organ of reproduction for perpetuating the Parampara

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

The presiding deity of the speech is Agni of the hands is Indra of the feet isVishnu of the anus is Mrityu of the genitals is

Prajapati These are the presiding deities for the organs of action

अथधदवम ndash Devatas

अजगनःndash Devata of total power of speech वाक Sometimes it is called सरसवती Another name is बहसपनतः

तततवबोधः

14

इनरः ndash Indra is the total power of handling ndash हसतयोः पवषणः ndash Narayana in his Trivikrama Avatara ndash वामन ndash total power of mobility ndash पादयोः In the Trivikrama Avatara

he showed his power of movement

मतयः ndash यमधमवराि ndash Why is Yama the presiding deity of removing the waste Yama removes people after they have

contributed to the world Dead body is a waste Yama has the power to evacuate thereby giving way for fresh creation

Destruction is a way for fresh construction

परिापनतः ndash चतमवख बरहमा ndash Prajapatihi means Chaturmukha Brahma Brahmarsquos total power of creation is present in

every human being We have limited power of reproducing only human beings while Brahma has the capability of

creating any creature Any creation requires knowledge वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The function of the organ of speech is to speak of the hands is to grasp thingsof the legs is locomotion of the anus (excretory

organ) is elimination of the waste products and of the genital organs is pleasure (procreation)

The fieldfunction of each --

भाषणम ndash speak

वसगरहणम - handling of things

गमनम - movements

पायः ndash elimination discharge of waste Mala sweat etc

उपसथः ndash reproduction becoming parent status of person to parenthood Scriptures look at parenthood as Anandaha

because I see myself in the child

पञचपराणाः ndash five fold physiological systems

पराणः - respiratory system because of which the external air is breathed Prana Vayu is absorbed and the rest is

exhaled

अपानः - evacuatory system power of removal of waste

यानः - circulatory system the energy that is converted from food that energy has to be supplied to every

cell of the body This is the distributory system

समानः - digestive system which converts the raw material from food into invisible energy like the energy required

to speak

उदानः - reversing system a unique system which will function only rarely it is an emergency system Only when

there is an emergency it is required Whenever any poison or toxin enters the system this emergency system

takes over and it throws out the poison Vomiting diarreaha sneezing tearing from the eyes because of dust

are examples This is to save the person This purging continues till the poison is removed Tears because of

the unhealthy emotions is an example It operates at the time of death also All the organs should withdraw

its function so Udana is active at the time of death मनः - Doubting faculty of mind ndash साशयमनः ndash साकलपपवकलपातमकमनः ndash oscillating faculty In doubt you oscillate between

two ideas It is also an emotional faculty

बपदधः - Intellect judging rational faculty ननशचयातमकम which puts an end of oscillation between Samkalpa and Vikalpa

This decisive faculty is called intellect

Subtle body dissolves at the time of Pralaya and is reborn at the time of creation Subtle body goes through many physical bodies

Thus the duration of the subtle body is the duration of the Shrushti शरजषटः सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

तततवबोधः

15

Two additional faculties of Sukshma Shariram are mentioned in some other books

Memory faculty ndash Chittam जचतः

Ego faculty ndash the ldquoIrdquo notion Ahamkaram अहङकारः because of which I identify with the SthulaSshariram and Sukshma

Shariram

10 ndash Causal body

----------------------

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

What is the ldquoCausal bodyrdquo

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

That which is formed from the indescribable (since it has no shape size or quality) and without beginning It is Avidya

(ignorance of the real nature of everything) which manifests as the gross and the subtle bodies That which is ignorant of its own

real nature (Self) and that which does not undergo any modification is called the Karana Shariram or the ldquoCausalrdquo body

Function ndash The important law of creation is that nothing really can be created The law of conservation of matter and energy

says matter can never be created and can never be destroyed Nothing can be created and destroyed The carpenter does not

create the desk it was in the form of wood By his effort he has only modified the wood into the desk there is transformation

only We falsely call it creation Same is true for the ornaments Before a tree is generated or produced it already existed in the

form of a seed The tree was in an unmanifest form in the form of a seed Similarly our body existed in the womb in the

potential form so the creation of our body is the unmanifest coming again into manifestation So everything existed all the

timeThe whole universe and the whole creation existed all the time Bhagavan or GOD did not create even an ounce of matter If

the word existed all the time why do we talk of the creation (called Shrustihi) and dissolution (called Prayalya) The scriptures

point out that the creation is not really the creation of the world the creation existed before also in unmanifest potential seed

causal form Before the big bang the whole universe existed in singularity in Vedanta we call it Avyakta Prapancha Creation is

nothing but the unmanifest form coming into manifestation like the seed sprouting into a tree If creation is evolution what do we

call the dissolution Matter cannot be created matter cannot be destroyed At the time of dissolution the whole manifest form

goes back to unmanifest condition

Shrustihi -- Unmanifest to manifest

Pralayaha ndash Manifest to unmanifest

So the universe exists in either the unmanifest or the manifest form This is true with regard to everything So every object in the

creation was existing before their creation in an unmanifest form it existed in a potential form The Sthula and Sukshma

Shariram must have existed in the ldquoseed-causalrdquo form Karana Shariram serves as the seed for the Sthula and Sukshma Shariram

to originate So the causal Shariram is the basic seed for the origination of the Sthula-Sukshma Shariram At the time of

dissolution Sthula-Sukshma Shariram is converted into the causal-Shariram

Water ndashgt Vapor ndashgt Water -gt Vapor -gt Water ------- continues for ever

अयकतादीनन भतानन यकतमधयानन भारत अयकतननधनानयव ततर का पररदवना भगी ndash २-२८

What is birth and death It is only in your perspective It is all change in shape only Nothing is born nothing is gone

What is the function of the Karana-Shariram It serves as the seed or source of these two bodies It is the resolution ground and

dissolution ground of these two bodies - िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर It is merely the seed it does not do any function it is only the seed

What is the condition of the causal body ndash It is Nirvikalpa Rupam जिरशवकलपरप When anything is in the seed form it will be in

an undifferentiated form which means the various parts are not clearly visible In the trees you can clearly see the branches

leaves bud flower fruit etc but in the seed you donrsquot see them eventhough every thing is there in an undifferentiated form The

diseases are already there in the DNA we donrsquot know which baby will get it because we cannot detect them in the seed form

Such an indistingushable state is called जिरशवकलपरप ndash Vikalpa means clear Nirvakalpa means unclear undetectable

unrecognizable potential condition

What is the Nature of the causal body सत सवरप जञ ि ndash subject and object duality will not be recognizable The ldquoknower-

knownrdquo division is not recognizable So you cannot talk about any knowledge So the nature is total ignorance it is a state of

ignorance So the causal body consists of the ignorance of the real nature of everything Scientists tried to find the condition

before the big bang and the cause of the big bang They found that they were not able to understand the condition and the cause

तततवबोधः

16

at all In fact they defined the singularity as a state of rdquo no informationrdquo They called it singularity we call it Karana Shariram

They call it state of ldquono informationrdquo we call it state of Ajnanam अजञानम They say scientists will never be able to know they

say they cannot know Therefore Karanana Shariram is a state of ignorance ndasha state of no information

What is the cause of the causal body ndash the question itself is wrong because the causal body is the root cause of every thing it is

never a product Every thing is born out of the causal body So अि दद अजवदय रप ndash म य िजकतः परकजतः अवयकतम माः जवदय It is the

ldquocauselessrdquo cause of the Shariram or the universe

परकतत परष चव जवदददयि दी उ वजप जवक र शच गण शचव जवजि परकजतस व ि गी ndash १३-१९

अजिव पचय means Mithya समथया ndash dependent existence - अनातमा समथया - dependent existence Entire Anatma components are

Mithya Causal body must be there before creation or after dissolution So there is no way of seeing or experiencing now

If you want to get a taste of the causal body the Shastras say that you will get a model of the causal body just like a miniature

model for a house before construction You get a model of the causal body before creation You get it regularly when you go to

sleep When you go to sleep the physical body is as though dissolved because you are not aware of the Sthula body So we can

say that the sleep is a miniature model of the dissolution of the Sthula Shariram it is not actually dissolved but it is as though

dissolved because you donrsquot experience the physical body The subtle body is also as though dissolved during sleep because the

subtle body is not functioning Ego buddhi are dissolved everything is dissolved Sleep is a miniature version of Pralaya so

sleep is also called Layam लयम There is only total ignorance in sleep सत सवररपाजञाना ननववकलपररपा Sleep is an example to

recognize the causal body Actual causal body is available during Pralaya

Causal body dissolves at the time of Moksha मोकष Causal body continues after the Pralaya and serves as the seed for the

physical and subtle body at the time of creation Thus causal body goes through many many subtle bodies Each subtle body

goes through many many physical bodies Causal bodies are the seeds of GOD for creating the gross and subtle bodies at the

time of creation Causal body continues Shrusti after Shrusti it dissolves and goes away at the time of liberation or Moksha We

get liberation only once परानतकालः ndash the final time

When does Atma die It never dies It is immortal It has eternal life

11 ndash Three States

----------------------

Life of the physical body is short life of the subtle body is longer (Janma to Janma to Janma) It dissolves at Pralaya end of

Shrusti) Life of the causal body is still longer (Pralaya to Pralaya Shrusti after Shrusti) It dissolves only once and that is at

Moksha) परानतकाल

अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

What are the three states of experience

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

They are the waking the dream and the deep sleep states

िागरत ndash waking state of experience

सवपन ndash dreaming state of esperience

सषजपतः ndash sleeping state of experience

अवसथाः - states

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

What is the waking state

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

Waking state of experience ndash या जञायत शरोताहदजञानजनरय (with the help of senses) शबदाहदपवषयः (and with the help of sense

objects) च An experience which is born out of the interaction between the sense organs of knowledge and the corresponding sense objects is

the waking state The Indriya group and the Vishaya group interact During the deep sleep state the sense organs are not

functioning so there is no experience of the world and sense objects external to the physical body The entire waking state is a

series of pleasure and pain both leading further reactions like ldquoKama Krodha Lobha Moha Mada and Matsarya If this external

तततवबोधः

17

interaction is not there the Kama Krodha Lobha etc are not there All forms of emotions are based on these interactions If

these interactions are not there these emotional problems are also not there and even worry about the future is not there So the

interactions and the interactions based on responses reactions emotions etc come under Jagrata Avastha Sense organs cannot

function without my attention to them and my identification with them If I have to identify with the sense organ I have to

identify with the physical part of the sense organ Indriya functioning requires Indriya identification of Abhimana Indriya

Abhimanam requires physical organ identification So identification with physical organs requires Sharira Abhimanam Without

identification with the physical body I cannot operate the sense organs If I cannot operate I cannot experience the external

world So in deep sleep or dream I do not experience the external world because there is no identification with the physical

body So if mosquitos may be all over the body there is no mosquito bite experience You do not experience smell even if

nostrils are open This is because Deha-Abhimanam is absent Waking state requires Sthula Sharira Abhimanam The state of

experience in which the sense objects (sound etc) are perceived through the sense organs (ear etc) is the waking state

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

The self identifying itself with the gross body is called lsquoViswarsquo

When I am in the waking state with Sthula Sharira Abhimanam I am called पवशवः the waker so the author says

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा (Atma means I the self the conscious being) When I identify with the physical body and experience the

external world I am called the waker - पवशवः इतयचयत In dream I donrsquot identify with the body and so I donrsquot experience the

external world

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

For the question what is Svapnavastha (the Dream state) the explanation is that the world that is projected while in sleep from

the impressions born of what has been seen or heard in the waking state is called Dream

First the author talks about the mechanism of the dream state or the cause of dream state During the waking state at the time of

the experience of the external word the mind is capable of recording the experiences The mind is the most sophisticated recorder

ever created because the mind not only experiences the world but it simultaneously records all the five senses (sound form

touch taste smell) and it also records the emotions (anger fear happiness worry etc) Whatever you experience in Jagrat-

Avastha you register them all The more powerful the experience the more deep it gets registered While recording the lectures

you have to regularly change the tape But in registering the experiences the ldquomind taperdquo can record any number of experiences

from Janma to Janma That registered experience is called Vasana or Samskaaraha वासना सासकारः That is why musical and

spiritual geniuses are possible So the mind in the waking state serves as the video cassette recorder ndash VCR Then what happens

What does the mind do when you go to sleep The mind replays the recorded experiences The mind serves as VCP ndash video

cassette player The projected Vasana is called the dream state यद-दषटा what is seen touched tasted and smelled - Vasanas ndash

तजिननतवासनया ndash born by that experience तजिननत means known by that experience अनभव िाननतम During the waking

state the Vasanaas are not activated Recording and playing simultaneously cannot be done In dream state what is experienced

is the internal world it is the subjective world परपञचः (world) परतीयत (experienced) In the waking state it is the objective

external world In dream state it is the subjective internal world In a dream you can never gather new experiences Seemingly

new experience is the rearrangement of the old experiences Dreams can be based on the previous birth ldquoJanmardquo िनम

experiences also It is naturersquos built in method of exhausting your desires If someone sees future events in the dream it is

called the extra sensory perception ndash ESP Dream can never give you the experience of future because dream by definition is

replay of the waking state Such an experience is Swapanaavastha सवपनावसथा When you are in the dream you never know you

are in the dream Dream is seen as dream only in the waking state Only in the waking state you know that you had a dream

Dream is seen as dream only in waking state That is how Vedanta says this (waking) is also another dream which we are never

able to believe It is a mind boggling statement Dream is not dream in dream Dream is waking in the dream because the people

are there the places are there interactions are there and the sun and moon are there

To experience the dream state I have to identify with Vaasana I have to activate my Vaasana How By going to sleepFor

Swapana Vaasana-Abhimaan is required Vasanaas belong to the mind The mind belongs to the Sukshma Shariram So identify

with Sukshmshariram

I am Sukshma-Shariraabhimani

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

The Self identifying itself with the subtle body is called Taijasa

तिसः ndash dreamer

तततवबोधः

18

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

Then what is the deep sleep state

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

That state about which one says later I did not know anything I enjoyed a good sleep is the deep sleep state

In deep sleep state there is neither the external world seen through the sense organs nor an inner projected world through the

Vaasanas Neither the sense organs are operational nor the Vaasanaas activated Therefore just as in a 2-in-1 instrument we have

got selector for radio (waking) and recorder (dream) There is no recorded or live program in sleep There is total ldquono-

experiencerdquo which is in the form of experience called ldquoI donrsquot know anythingrdquo (worries anxiety etc are resolved) and even pain

is not experienced So सखन happily I am experiencing nothing except deep relaxation This experience is called Sukha Ajnana

Anubhavaha I experience not through an active mind the mind is also in resolved condition This experience in the dormant

mind the resolved mind is called Karana Shariram causal body Since the the mind is resolved at the time of experience you

cannot claim the experience So you say you slept well after waking up

Identifying with Kaarana Shariram ndash Kaarana Sharira Abhimaani ndash पराजञः

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१०

The Self identifying itself with the causal body (in the deep sleep state) is called lsquoPrajna - sleeper पराजञः ndash परायण अजञः More or less ignorant

12 - Five layers ---------------------

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

What are the five sheaths The ldquoFoodrdquosheath the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath the ldquoIntellectualrdquo sheath and the

ldquoBlissrdquo sheath are the five sheaths

मय means product

Five layers of cover

अननमयः - ldquoFood modified sheathrdquo formed by the modification of the food that we consume

पराणमयः ndash consisting of Pranic energy the invisible ldquoenergyrdquo sheath which the Pranic healers talk about

मनोमयः ndash mental sheath physiologial emotional layer of personality

पवजञानमयः ndash intellectual sheath rational

आननदमय - the deepest personality which is the source of Ananda relaxation rejuvenation revitalization

Each layer becomes subtler than the previous

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

What is the ldquofood sheathlsquo That which is born of food which grows by food and goes back to earth which is of the nature of

food is called the ldquofood sheathrdquo This is the gross body

The three Sharirams These three Sharirams are divided from another functional angle

From this angle the physical body is called Annamaya Kosha It is the product of the food that is consumed Sperm is formed

from the food consumed by the father egg is formed from the food consumed by the motherThey are called AnnarasaThey are

joined in the motherrsquos womb or a test tube अननरसिव तव The fetus grows from the food Annarasa अननरसिव वति पर पय There is an Upanishad called Garbhoupanishad The body comes out the body grows because of the food consumed by the

baby रसम = nutrition अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत the body dissolves in the earth which is the source of food for the next

generation Our body becomes plant then food and then body for someone else Annam is also Laya Kaaranam Anna is the

Shristi Sthiti and Laya Kaaranam of this body So this body is called Annamaya Kosha मय means product

Annamaya Kosha can be understood as the anatomic part of the body The subtle body is divided into Pranamaya Manomaya

and Vijnanamaya Koshas

तततवबोधः

19

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

What is the ldquoVital Airrdquo sheath The five physiological functions such as Prana etc (Prana Apana Vyana Udana and Samana)

together with the five organs of action namely speech etc form the Pranamaya Kosha the Vital Airrdquo sheath

पर ण दय ः पचव यवः - The five fold physiological system the respiratiory excretary circulatory digestive and reversing

systems They alone are responsible for the generation of energy This stored up energy is expressed in the form of

Kriya Shaktihi the power of action वागादीजनरयपाचका ndash the five fold organ of action expresses the energy Therefore

the organs of action come under Pranamaya Kosha The Pranamayakosha can be understood as the physiological aspect

of the body In a dead body Annamaya is present the Pranamaya has left

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

What is the ldquoMental ldquosheath The mind and the five organs of perception together form the ldquoMentalrdquo sheath

मनः the mind is the seat of emotions and desires Manomaya represents Ichha ldquodesire Shaktihirdquo Pranamaya represents

Kriya Shaktihi Mamomayarsquos job is creating desires Pranamyarsquos job is to fulfill the desires

जञानजनरयपाचका ndash if you have to desire you desire what you know (eg as a result of advertisements) Desire requires

collecting data with the help of the Jnanedriyas ndash five sense organs of knowledge Each sense organ creates a desire

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

What is the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath The intellect along with the five organs of perception together forms the ldquointellectualrdquo sheath

बपदधः intelligence the rational discriminative layer of the personality It is an expression of the knowledge- power

Shaktihi-power Action pre-supposes desire desire pre-supposes knowledge There was no desire of computers in the

old ages because there was no knowledge of the computer One knows then desires and then acts The combination of

Buddhihi with five knowledge senses is theldquoknowledge- sheathrsquoWhatever you know you donrsquot desire you use your

discrimination to know what should be desired Judging Buddhi decides जञानजनरयपाचका ndash five sense organs of

knowledge each sense organ creates a desire Knowledge sense is common to the Manomaya and Vijnamaya Koshas

Ichha Jnana and Kriya Shakits put togather is called Sukshma Shariram

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

What is the ldquoBlissrdquo sheath Bliss sheath is the causal body The causal bodyrsquos nature is ignorance and has gradations of bliss

क रणिरीर त ndash same as causal body of the nature of causal body When everything resolves into the seed form at the

time of Pralaya it is called Karana Shariram Causal body is renamed as Ananda Kosha At the time of sleep the world

is as if resolved for me I am ldquoso and sordquo is resolved So in deep sleep we are in seed form and so it is called Karana

Shariram Causal body is given another technical name of Avidya so the causal body is called as ldquoestablished in

Avidya ndash Avidyasthardquo अपवदयासथ In deep sleep one experience is total ignorance another experience is total relief

from worries tension etc in fact Anandaha आननदः In deep sleep we experience Ajnanam अजञानम and Anandaha

Ajnanam is called Malinasattvam मसलनसततवम - obstructed knowledge ignorance 2nd experience is Anandaha

associated with degrees of happiness जपरय ददवजतसजहत There is gradation of happiness eg seeing an object you like is

happiness buying it is happier using it is the happiest Darshana Sukham Grahana Sukham Anubhava Sukham

(seeing owning enjoying pleasure - पपरय मोद परमोद) Deep sleep deeper sleep deepest sleep so is the gradation of

Ananda Such Kaarana Shariram obtained in deep sleep is called Ananda Koshaha एततकोिपचकम १४-७

These five put together is called Panchakosha - it is the three Sharirams expressed from a different angle only

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath (Know)

तततवबोधः

20

13 --- Aatma आतमा --------------------------

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५

Just as bangles earrings houses etc known asrdquominerdquo are all other than the knower so too the five sheaths known by the Self as

ldquomy body my Pranas my mind my intellect and my ignorancerdquo should all be other than the knower and so cannot be the

Atman

All the three Sharirams otherwise known as the Panchkoshas are not the real me They are only a temporary medium through

which I the Atma am interacting with the world They are the media meant for my transaction only and so they are not me

The author is using the logic that whatever we are possessing and using we claim as mine is not me I own a dog but I am not a

dog Similarly all the Panchkoshas we claim as our own possessions are not me I own the bangle the earing the house etc but

I am not the bangle etc In the same way the five Koshas are also claimed as mine but are not me

We claim our body but our body is not me Body represents Annamayakosha Similarly my Pranas are not me Similarly the

mind intellect (Vijnanamayakosha) and ignorance (Anandamayakosha) are mine but it is not me The possessor is different

from the possessed I am different from all the eleven unAtmas अनातमानः

What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

Then what is the Atman It is of the nature of Sat-Chit-Ananda (Existence-Knowledge-Bliss)

If I am not my body mind intellect physiological system waker dreamer then who is Atma Atma is of the nature of Sat-Chit-

Anananda

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

What is ldquoSatrdquo Sat is that which remains unchanged in the three periods of time

Sat ndash Whatever is eternal is called Sat or Satyam So in all the three periods of time the invisible eternal consciousness is the Sat

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

What is Chit It is of the nature of absolute knowledge

Chit ndash means consciousness Jnana जञानम Vijnanam पवजञानम This consciousness makes body sentient Sentient means capable

of feeling the surroundings This capability of the body makes it different from the inert desk inert chairetcwhich are also

chemicals like the body The body is also made from chemicals but this chemical bundle is different from the desk which is also

made from chemicals What is the uniqueness of this chemical bundle We call it biochemical because it is alive and sentient

Whatever makes this body alive and sentient is called consciousness This consciousness is not a property of the body like

height weight etc Similarly consciousness is not a part of the body like skin etc Also consciousness is not a product of the

body like blood cells etc It is not a product generated by matter Life is not product of matter

- Consciousness is not a part a property or product of the body

- Consciousness is an invisible independent entity which pervades the body and which makes the body alive It

makes chemistry into biochemistrylike the electricity which makes the fan active The visible fan is moving

because of the invisible electricity behind the fan which is not a property of the fan not part of the fan not even a

product of the fan It is a separate principle which is different from the fan Electricity was there before the fan

was produced So too was consciousness before the body was produced

ईशवरः सववभीतानाा हददशऽिवन नतषठनत भरामयनसववभतानन यनतराररढानन मायया भगी ndash १६-६१

Just as the electricity makes the machines (like fan) move this inert bundle of matter (body) is alive and kicking

because of the invisible consciousness principle

- This independent consciousness is not limited by the body or confined to the boundary of the body It extends

beyond the body just as electricity is not confined to the boundary of the fanTherefore consciousness is without

limit without dimension or height length etc It is all pervading and limitless

तततवबोधः

21

- This independent consciousness will survive even after this body perishes Even after the fan is broken electricity

continues to be there You wonrsquot see the electricity because it is invisible but it exists Consciousness is eternal

it is ldquotime ndash wiserdquo without limit

न िायत सियत वा कदाथचत नाया भतवा भपवता वा न भयः अिो ननतयः शाशवतोऽया पराणो न हनयत हनयमान शरीर भगी ndash २-२०

- The surviving consciousness after the fall of the body cannot be contacted or recognized by us because the

medium of its expression namely the body has died Through the fan medium you recognize the electricity

without the fan you cannot recognize the electricity

In the absence of the body the consciousness is not recognizable because the medium is gone Atma is of the

nature of Chit You should train yourself to claim the consciousness as I am (instead of body Pranas etc as I)

the inner immortal inner invisible eternal consciousness I the Atma survives after the physiological system

diesSo I am Jnana Swarupaha जञानसवररपः The method to claim this Atma as I is given by Krishna ndash Dhruk

Drishya Vivekaha The technique is ldquoI am different from whatever I experiencerdquo I am the subject the

experiencer who is different from the object experienced You apply this principle and start negating what you

experience This is called Neti Neti method First the entire world is negated because the world is the object of

experience Then you come to the body also The body is also an object of my experience I experience the body

in the waking state I experience another body in dream sate I do not experience any body in deep sleep state

Therefor body is something I experience therefore I am not the body The emotions are objects of my

experience therefore I am not the mind Knowledge is also experienced by me therefore I am not the intellect

Ignorance is also experienced by me and so I am not the ignorance also When everything is negated nothing is

left When you come to the blankness you ask the question is this blankness experienced or not The answer is

that you talk of the blankness because you experience it That consciousness principle because of which a

blankness is known after negating everything is सवव (all) अभाव (absence of everything absence of even thought)

साकषी (witness experiencer) This consciousness left behind because of which I experience this blankness also is ldquoI amrdquo अहम आतमा अजसम

This is Chitrupaha Chit meaning Jnana जञानसवररपः आतमा

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४

What is Ananda It is of the nature of absolute happiness

The consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body it is boundless all-pervading It is Anantaha अननतः Purnaha

पणवः Purnaha means full and complete Purnatvam or limitlessness is always experienced in the form of Anandaha आननदः Whenever your mind is full you donrsquot lack anything you have a sense of completeness Whenever you lack something in life it

is expressed as sorrow Sorrow is defined as limitationHappiness is defined as without limit अहम पणवः अजसम Purnnaha means

sweet Anantaha (purnaha) means Anandaha I the Atma does not miss anything in life I donrsquot lack anything in life All exists in

the Atma only so आननदः सखसवररपः The sense of incompleteness expresses as desire Freedom from limitation is called the Purnatvam पणवतवम परिहानत यदा कामानसवावनपाथव मनोगतान आतमनयवातमना तषटः जसथतपरजञसतदोचयत भगी ndash २-४५

एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

Thus of such a nature Sacchidanandasvarupam that which is being Consciousness-Bliss- Anandam the Self should be known

May you know and recognize yourself as the Atma Know thyself

14 ndash Creation 1st stage ndashSukshma Bhuta Srustihi ndashसकषमभतसजषटः ndash यजसटः ndash microcosom ndash individual individuality

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Individual is of Atma-Anatma mixture What is the composition of the creation This is the Samasthi Vicharaha Srushti

Vicharaha

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Now we shall explain the evolution of the twenty four Tattvas

तततवबोधः

22

Here after completion of two major topics (4 qualifications and AtmaAnatma Vicharaha) we are entering into the 3rd topic - the

method of creation In modern science we call it cosmology in the Vedic teaching it is called the Srusti Vicharaha Entire

cosmos is called Chaturvimshati Tattvam This is used because the scriptures divide the whole universe into 24 basic principles

Chaturvimshati Tattvam means Jagat Prapanchaha वकषयामः - We shall teach you Why does the author say we Because he

wants to claim that this teaching is not his He has learned it from his Guru who in turn learned from his Guru So ldquowerdquo refers to

entire Guru-Parampara गरपरमपरा

The Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Depending on Brahman for its existence is MAYA which is of the nature of the three Gunas Sattva Rajas and Tamas

Before the origin of this universe the cause was of two factors just like children have two parents the mother and fatherThe

entire universe had the parents in the form of two basic principles (1) Brahman ndash the name of the Atma itself the eternal all

pervading consciousness ndash Sat-Chit-Anandaha It existed before originationrdquo Why are there two names for consciousness ndash

Atma and Brahman Atma is from the standpoint of individual and Brahman is from the standpoint of totality The space in the

hall is the ldquoinsiderdquo space The space outside the hall is therdquo totalrdquo space When the consciousness is encloded it is called Atma

and when ldquounenclosed lsquo it is called Brahman This Brahman was there before the creation We will call it father Brahman The

mother is required There was another factor (2) This whole matter universe was also existent before creation in a seed form or

potential form just as every tree was existent before under the ground in the seed form Without a seed a tree cannot come into

being Similarly the universe must have existed in the potential form the seed form ndash MAYA Maya is inert material Brahman

is the conscious principlerdquonon materialrdquo Maya is the inert principle material matter principle This Maya did not originate from

any where It also existed without beginning Brahman is without beginning Maya is also without beginning Both are Anadi

अनाहद Brahman represents universal fatherMaya represents universal mother Maya is माया अजसत

बरहम ndash does not refer to one of the trinity - बरहमाजि with सरसवती it represents formless consciousness principle it is Brahman

बरहमन ndash परबरहम बरहमन has independent existence and therefore it is Satyam Maya does not have independent existence It has to depend on

Brahman and so it is Mithya Therefore बरहमाशरया माया Maya is dependent on Brahman for its existence What is the

difference between Brahman and Maya

Maya has three aspects faculties called Guna-Shaktihi गणशजकतः Sattva represents the faculty of knowledge ndashJnana Shaktihi

जञानशजकतः Rajo Gunarsquos power of action is Kriya Shaktihi ककरयाशजकतः Tamo Gunaharsquos is called Dravya Shaktihi रयशजकतः the power of inertia that power which will suppress the other two powers When the suppressing power the power of inertia is

dominant the Jnana and Kriya Shaktis are suppressed Having three Gunas Maya is called Triguna Maya तरतरगणमाया What

Shakti does Brahman have Brahman does not have any Shakti of its own So Brahman is called Nirgunaha ndash ननगवणः सशवः शकतया यकतः यहद भवनत शकतः परभपवतम न चदवा दवः न खल सपजनदतमपप - सौनदयवलकरी Lord Shiva becomes able to do creation in this world along with Shakti only Without her he cannot move even an inch

Brahman cannot do any thing unless he comes in association with Maya the Shakti Tattvam Before creation Nirguna Brahman

and Triguna Maya were there Chetanam चतना Brahman and Achetanam अचतना Maya were there What is eternal cannot

undergo any change Therefore consciousness is Nirvikaram ननपववकारमndash changless Maya is Savikaram सपवकारम - subject to

change Matter can change matter can evolve Energy can become energy can evolve Therefore out of this mixture the creation

has to evolve How The answer in the next Shloka

तततवबोधः

23

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

From that (Maya) Akasa is born From Akasa Vayu (the Air) From Air the Fire From Fire Water From Water the Earth

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

Out of this mixture of चतन Chetana which is Nirguna Nirvikar Brahman बरहमन consciousness and अचतन Achetana which is

Triguna Savikar Maya these two Ardhanarishvarau (अधवनारीशवरौ ndashLord that is half female) as it were already there the

creation became Out of this mixture only one can evolve and that is Maya In the presence of Brahman the consciousness Maya

evolves matter evolves This evolution is called creation This creation is presented in four stages here

- The 1st stage is that of PanchabhUta Srustihi पञचभतशरजषटः the five invisible subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhutaani

सकषमभतानन सकषमशरजषटः These subtle elements are also called Tanmatras तनमातराः (तत मातर ndash that alone pure

element plural is तनमातराः)

- The 2nd stage is where these five subtle elements produce varieties of subtle bodies All subtle bodies are the

products of subtle elements ndash Sukshmabhauitikani सकषमभौनतकानन What is the difference between Bhutam and

Bhautikam Bhutam means elements and Bhaautikam means elementals which are the combination of Bhutam

Bhutam modified becomes Bhautikam All the different invisible Lokas - Svargaloka Tapoloka Janaloka

varieties of invisible worlds are also the products of the invisible five elements ndash Sukshmabhaautika shrustihi

सकषमभौनतकशरजषटः - The 3rd stage is the evolution of the gross elements called Sthulabhuta Srutihi सथलभतानन सथलशरजषटः ndash the

visible concrete Panchbhutam the physical or gross elements therefore the Sthulabhuta Srustihi

- At the 4th stage ndash out of these 5 gross elements through the varieties of combinations all the gross bodies are

created called Sthulabhautika Srutihi सथलभौनतकशरजषटः evolution of gross bodies It means creation of the gross

body the tangible physical body Our gross body is a mixture of all the five elements The body has got the earth

Tattvam has water Tattvam giving it shape has Agni Tattvam because of which alone there is temeprature of

984 Body has the Vayu Tattvam because of which there is air in the lungs and finally the body occupies space

So body is not a Bhutam but is a combination So it is called Bhaautikam ndash it is tangible gross body

ततः - From that Maya without beginning blessed by Brahman Aakasha is created the Sukshma Aakashaha सकषमाकाशः Space

is also a created element it is not eternal ndash not Newtonian physics Einstein physics before big bang you could not talk about

space space is created entity It is not ldquonothingness lsquo but a positive material a very very subtle but positive material It is not

emptiness Space is a very very subtle elastic matter From this space the Aakasha is born The property of sound belongs to the

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

तरतरगणाजतमका माया ndash Achetana MAYA with three qualities

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

तततवबोधः

24

space Shabdaha is the property of Aakashaha Aakashaha has only one property and that is Shabdaha Because of the limitation

of our ears we cannot hear but the Aakashaha has Shabdaha In the white light seven colors are there but we are not able to see

them because our eyes cannot recognize them When the light passes through a prism our eyes can recognize the colors

Similarly when the other elements come into existence we are able to recognize the sound Without them the sound is there but

we cannot recognize it Yogis are able to recognize the subtle sound of Aakashaha which they call the Omkara Nadaha

ॐकारनादः that is called Anahata Shabdaha अनाहतशबदः the unstuck note It is the Avyakta unmanifest sound in the space

which the ordinary ears cannot hear Therefore Ekagunaka Aakasha एकगणकाकाशः is born Akasha has one property namely

sound शबदः

From the Aakasha the Sukshma Vayu Bhutam सकषमवायः is born It has two qualities of the Shabda and Spars शबदः सपशवः sound

and touch You donrsquot see the Vayuhu but you can feel the Vayuhu Therefore Dvigunakavayu दपवगणकवायः is born

From Vayu the 3rd element the Sukshma Agni सकषमाजगनः Tattvam is born which has three properties Shabda Spars and Rupam

शबदः सपशवः ररपः ndash TrigunaakaAgnihi तरतरगणाकाजगनः From Agni the 4th element Sukshma Aapaha सकषमापः the Jala Tattvam is born It has four properties - Shabda Spars Rupa and

Rasam शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः ndash Chaturgunakam Jalam चतगवणकम िलम From the water the 5th element Sukshma Pruthivihi the earth tattva is born It has five properties - Shabda Spars Rupa Rasa

and Gandha शबदः सपशवः ररपः रसः गनधः - Panchagunakam Pruthivihi पञचगणकम पथथवीः

Thus five elments are born the 1st one namely Akasha can be recognized by only one sense organ because it has one property

2nd by two sense organs 3rd by three organs 4th by four organs and 5th by five organs

What is recognized by more sense organs is called gross and whatever can be recognized be less sense organs is called subtle

Aaksha is the subltest Pruthivi is gross So in a graded manner five elements are born

This is the 1st stage of creation called Pancha Sukshma Bhuta Srustihi पञचसकषमभतशजषटः

15 ndash The 2nd state Sukshama Bhautika Srustihi ndash सकषमभौनतकसजषटः ndash समजसटः ndash the total ndash the macrocosm

----------------------------------------------------------------------

There are lot of similarities between the individual and the total The Atma is Satyam and Anatma is Mithya meaning it is a

dependent matter principle Satya-Mithya and Chetana-Achetna are the compositions of the individual We can see the same pair

operating at the cosmic level alsoSo the author begins the creation also with the introduction of these two principles the

consciousness which is independent and the matter principle which is dependent The only difference between the individual and

total is that the names are changed At the individual level it is Atma and Unatma At the cosmic level the word Atma is

changed to Brahman the same immortal invisible inner conscious principle Atma means all pervading Brahman means

without limit All pervading is ldquolimitlessrdquo ldquolimitlessrdquo is all-pervading So before the creation was originated this consciousness

principle was there which is called Satyam ldquoindependentlyrdquo existent And there was also a 2nd factor which is the basic matter

principle because out of matter alone the material universe can evolve Matter cannot be freshly created This matter principle at

individual level is called Anatma and the same principle at the cosmic level is called Maya Atma and Brahman are synonymous

Unatma and Maya are synonymous Unatma is matter Maya is matter Unatma is Mithya ndash ldquodependentlyrdquo existent Similarly

Maya is ldquodependentlyrdquo existent principle So sometimes they call it Maya Shaktihi Shakti cannot exist independently power has

to always depend upon a powerful being My ldquospeakingrdquo power cannot independently exist Power has to rest on the powerful

Shakti has to rest on the ShaktimAn - शजकतमान Power is matter powerful is consciousness the sentient being this sentient

principle is called Brahman and the matter is called Maya Backed by the powerful Brahman Maya evolved into Panchabhutaani

पञचभतानन Maya has 3-fold powers called the knowing the doing and the inertia faculty which suppresses the other two

They are called Satvaguna सतवगण Rajoguna रिोगण and Tamo guna तमोगण This Maya which is endowed with these three

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

सकषमभतम Subtle Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

तततवबोधः

25

powers evolves into Pancha bhutaha पञचभतःThe indivisible five elements are born out of Maya If Maya is three Gunatmika

the Maya Karyam is also three Gunatmika Akasha also has Satva Rajas and Tama Gunas So also Vvayu Jalam Agni and

Pruthivi These five elements can be graded in terms of properties - Gunas

Akasha has one property namely shabda Vayu has two properties namely shabda and touch Agni has shabda touch and form

Jalam has shubda touch form and taste Earth has shabda touch form taste and smell

Now we need to go further into the creation of the individual

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

From among these five great elements out of the Sattvic aspect of ldquoAkasardquo the ear the organ of hearing is evolved

We have five subtle elements each with three gunas From the five subtle elements the five sense organs of knowledge are born

These five sense organs belong to Sukshma Shariram the subtle body These are not the physical parts but they are the powers

of perception behind the physical organs the Indriyas

If the senses are born out of the subtle elements which Guna is responsible for the sense organs Each element has Satva Rajas

and Tamas Satva guna stands for knowledge So Sattvic part of each element will be responsible for one sense organ of

knowledge Now the question is which element is responsible for which sense organ

From the Sattvic part of the space element the ears are evolved The space produces the ears because Akasha has Shabda as its

unique property The ears which are the product of Akasha recognize the sound of Akasha

यत इजनरयम यसमात भतात िायत तत इजनरयम तसय भतसय पवशष गणम िानानत Whichever organ is evolved out of whichever element that organ perceives the special property of that particular

element

Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoVayu (air)rdquo the skin is evolved as the organ of touch

Vayu has sound and touch as its two properties Sound is perceived by the ears Touch is the special property of Vayu That

special property of touch is perceived by skin which is produced from the Sattvic aspect of the Vayu

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoFirerdquo the ldquoEyesrdquo are evolved

Fire has additional properties of form and color which are perceived by the eyes which are produced from the Sattvic aspect of

Agni

अजगनकायवम अजगनपवशषगणम िानानत िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

From the Sattvic aspect of the ldquoWaterrdquo the tongue the organ of taste is formed

From the water the tongue is born which recognizes the special guna of water which is taste (Rasam)

िलकायवम िलपवशषगणम िानानत पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४

From the Sattvic aspect of ldquoEarthrdquo the organ of smell is evolved

From the earth element the organ of smell is born which perceives the special property of earth namely smell

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

तततवबोधः

26

पथथवीकायवम पथथवीपवशषगणम िानानत

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

From the total Sattvik content of these five elements Antahakarana (the inner organ) constituted of Manas Buddhi Ahamkara

and Chitta are formed

From the Sattva gunas of all the five elements the inner organ ldquoMindrdquo is created part of inner organ called the Antahakaranam

This requires the Sattava guna because the mind has to coordinate with all the five sense organs Mind has to function behind

ears eyes etc Mind has to collect all the five stimuli and coordinate It should be born out of the Sattva of all the five Otherwise

what the eyes see the ears will not know Mind is the coordinating instrument It is called the inner organ ndash Antahakaranam

This inner organ has four different functions Depending on the four functions it is known by the four different functional names

Man can be officer secretary student etc in different places The names are मन बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ldquoManasrdquo is of the nature of indecision or doubt

Mind is like a pendulum with wavering movements With pros and cons thinking vacillation etc it is called the doubting

facultyIt includes emotions also

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

Intellect is of the nature of decision

Decisive faculty thinking faculty is called Buddhihi

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

ldquoI am the doerrdquo- this sense is the ego Ahamkara

With the sense of individuality therdquo I ldquonotion the ego is called Ahamkaraha Because of it I claim the body as myself the

Sukshmshariram as myself That identifying faculty is Ahamkaram

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

The thinking faculty (or the faculty of recollections) is the Chitta

The faculty of remembering recollecting

Each organ has a presiding deity also which represents the corresponding total power

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

The presiding deity of the mind is the Moon For the intellect the presiding deity is Brahma For the ego it is Rudra Shiva

because ahamkara is cause for destruction For the Chitta the presiding deity is Vasudeva

Now Rajoguna

From the rajasik part of the 5 elements the 5 karmendriyas are born because rajoguna stands for activity

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः - The prana shakti energy for activity must be born out of the samsti-rajoguna Why

Because the energy must bless all the 5 organsThe Prana is one Shakti but has 5 fold functions

- Prana - respiratory

- Apana - excretory

- Vyana - circulatory

- Udana - reversing

- Samana - digestive

5 Pranas 5 Jnanendriyani 5 Karmendriyani Mana Buddhi Chitta Ahamkara = 19 organs

5 elements + 19 organs = 24 Tattvams

तततवबोधः

27

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

Among these five elements from the Rajas aspect of space the organ of speech is formed

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

From the Rajas aspect of Air the hand is formed

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

From the Rajas aspect of Fire the leg is formed

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

From the Rajas aspect of Water the Anus is formed

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

From the Rajas aspect of the Earth the genital is formed

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

From the total Rajas aspect of all these five elements the five vital airs are born

Gross Body - Tamasik portion of each element will be utilized for the creation of the gross 5 elements which will produce

the gross body

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

The gross elements are created from the Tamasik portion of the subtle elementsThe grossifiedrdquo 5 elements are born How does

the invisible element become visible This process of ldquoconcretizationrdquo is called ldquogrossificationrdquo ndash in Samskrit it is known as

Panchikaranam

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

If asked how this Panchikarana (grossification) takes place it is as follows

How does the ldquogrossificationrdquo take place

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२

The Tamas aspect of each of the five elements divides into two equal parts One half of each remains intact The other half of

each is divided into four equal parts Then to the intact half of one element one one-eighth portion from each of the other four

elements are joined Then Panchikarana (the process by which the subtle elements become the gross elements) is complete

5 elements in Tamasik part

Are divided into 2 दपवधा पवभजय

frac12 remains intact ndash पथक तषणी यवसथापय

the other frac12 is divided into 4 pieces अपरमध चतधाव पवभजय each is 18 of the original element

Each 18 into frac12 of each one of the other elements सवाधवम अनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम

So

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Vayu

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Agni

18 Akasha will go to frac12 of Jalam

18 Akasha will go to frac12 Earth

Before each element was pure and called Tanmatra Each element will become an alloy at the time of ldquogrossificationrdquo which is

combination of the five The naming is based on the domination In gross space frac12 will be space and other 4 are 18 each

तततवबोधः

28

So the hardware for the body is created

एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

From these five ldquogrossifiedrdquo elements the gross body is formed

So the gross tangible hardware is created Body and entire Prapanch are created

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Thus there is the identity between the Pindanda and the Brahmanda ie the Microcosm and the Macrocosm

The individual and cosmos are also 5 elementals So every thing is called Prapancha meaning creation out of the 5

Creation

बरहमन Brahman माया सतव रिस तमस

चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from

5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of

Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross

Physical Body

From Grossified

Elements

Powered by

Powerful Atma-

Brahman Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

16--- ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo ndash You are that

---------------------------------------------

From Maya there is the creation of the five subtle elements then creation of the whole subtle universe including all the subtle

bodies then the evolution of five gross elements universe and gross bodies Maya is the seed of the universe The seed of the

Maya expands to become the universe The universe was in the seed in the potential dormant form So is the case for all the

creations So Maya is called the Causal (KaraNa) Prapancha This Maya in causal form produces the Sukshma Prapancha and

later the universe becomes the Sthula Prapancha

Causal Subtle Gross state (Macro Level)

eg Seed plant form tree form

Fetus Form Baby state Adulthood

Causal Body Subtle Body Gross Body (Micro Level) (Individual Level Micro Level)

(Sukshma Shariram) (Sthula Shariram)

तततवबोधः

29

Causal Universe Subtle Universe Gross Universe (Universe Level Macro Level)

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam All- inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam All- inert matter

Thus पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया

Now entering the 4th major topic ndash Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam

The major topic is the Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam recognizing the oneness of the essential nature of Micro and the essential

nature of the Macro This is the central theme of the Tattvabodha Gita all Upanishads BrahmaSutras Itihasas etc

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

The reflection (as it were) of Brahman (in Sukshma Sharira) which identifies itself with the gross body is called Jiva This Jiva by

nature (ignorance) takes Iswara to be different from him

Jiva

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८

The consciousness (Atma) conditioned (Upadhi) by Avidya is called Jiva

Distorted version 1 = Jivatma

Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

The awareness conditioned by Maya is called Isvara

Distorted version 2 = Paramatma

Three fold Microcosm is called Pindandam पपणडाणडम All inert matter

Three fold Macrocosm is called Brahmandam बरहमाणडम All inert matter

What was happening to Brahman the consciousness principle Nothing was happening to him In the presence of Brahman

everything else was happening Sun does not do anything but in the presence of the sunlight lot of activities are happening

Similarly in the presence of the Atma Chaitanyam (who does not do anything) the three pairs (3 forms of universe and 3 forms of

body) are capable of manifesting and reflecting the Atmachaitnayam A mirror is capable of illumining a dark room with the help

of the borrowed light Similarly when the consciousness pervades the 3 universes we get the reflected consciousness in the 6

mediums Causal subtle and the gross body becomes a reflecting medium to reflect the consciousness and the matter begins to

behave as though sentient The inert body becomes alive the sentient body ldquoSentiencyrdquo is borrowed from the Atma

consciouness 3 bodies 3 reflections

Causal body reflecting medium 1 - RM1

Subtle body reflecting medium 2 ndash RM2

Gross body reflecting medium 3 ndash RM3

Causal universe reflecting medium 4 ndash RM4

Subtle universe reflecting medium 5 ndash RM5

Gross universe reflecting medium 6 ndash RM6

6 RMs 6 ldquoReflected Consciousnessrdquo - RCs

RC1 in RM1 RC2 in RM2 RC3 in RM3 RC4 in RM4 RC5 in RM5 and RC6 in RM6

Micro level RC1 is called Pragnaha पराजञः RC2 is called Taijasaha तिसः RC3 is called Vishvaha पवशवः Macro Level RC4 is called Antaryami अनतयावमी RC4 is called Hiranyagarbhaha हहरणयगभवः and RC6 is called Virataha

पवराटः

Relfections are many but the original is one

The micro reflection group is called Jivatma ndash िीवातमा - Reflection

The macro reflection group is called Paramatma ndash परमातमा ईशवरः ndash Reflection

तततवबोधः

30

Jivatma and Paramatma are refelections the original is neither Jivatma nor Paramatma The original is only Atma

In the micro medium it is Jivatma and in the macro medium it is Paramatma

What will be the nature (size) of the reflection It will depend on the reflecting medium (RM) If the medium is very small the

reflection is also small If the reflector is dirty the reflection will be small and dull Depending on the medium the reflection will

be dull or bright

Jivatma is in micro medium which is small in size and also with varieties of problems So Jivatma has limited qualities or

negative attributes like Alpajnanam अललजञानम Alpa Ishvaratvam अलपईशवरतवम Jivatma has limited attributes but the very

same consciousness is reflected in macro medium the cosmic intelligence which harmonizes the universe and the planetary

movements The cosmic movements of the system are very systematic and organized Moral and cosmic laws are very well

maintained by a cosmic intelligence called the Paramatma which is the reflected consciousness at macro medium level So

Paramatma qualities are superior qualities because of superior medium It appears to have superior quality but it is also a

distortion At the micro level there is inferior distortion The original is the same in both the macro and micro level and it is

without any distortion

Jivatma is Nikrushta Guna ननकषटगणः Paramatma has Utkrushta Guna उटकषटगणः Atma has no Guna - ननगवणः

If you take the Jivatma and remove the distorting medium take Paramatma and remove the distorting medium what you get is

only one Atma

Jivatma Minus RM = Atma

Paramatma Minus RM = Atma

आतमा

OC (Original Consciousness)

A wise person is one who calls GOD and says I and you are one and the Same

I am miserable because of the distortion remove the distortion and ask who am I The answer is Nirguna Atmandash Original

consciousness ndash OC From Paramatma remove the distortation and ask who is Paramatma The answer is Nirguna Atma ndash

Original consciousness ndash OC So Aham Brahma Asmi अहम बरहमाजसम Because I have a distorted look I am not worried even

though the look is distorted the distortion does not belong to me So the wise person says अहम बरहमाजसम This knowledge is

called Jivatma Paramatma Aikyam िीवईशवर ऐकयम

सथलशरीरासभमानन (also Shuksma and causal Shariram) िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत (identified with RM)

स एव िीवः परकतया (by his natural ignoranance because of distortuon)

सवसमात ईशवरा सभननतवन िानानत

िीवातमा कारण

RM1

सकषम

RM2

सथल

RM3

परमातमा कारण

RM4

सकषम

RM5

सथल

RM6

Reflected Consciousness - RC

Reflected Consciousness - RC

तततवबोधः

31

(look at Paramatma as different from Jivatma ndash This is called Jivatma Paramatma Bheda ndash Dvaita philosophy) िीवातमा अपवदया (शरीरतरयम) उपाथधः (medium) सन Atma appearing in the micro medium micro reflection as a 5-watt dim night lamp

परमातमा माया (परपञचतरयम) उपाथधः सन Atma appearing in macro medium as an infinite -watt lamp

17 ldquoTat Tvam Asirdquo

------------------------

The original undistorted consciousness (Atma) is manifesting in two distortions 1) Sharira-Trayam शरीरतरयम - micro matter

mediumndashldquoAvidyardquordquoUpadhihi ldquoand 2) Prapancha Trayam - Macro matter medium - Maya Upadhihi Distorted version with

inferior attribute in version 1 is Jivatama and version with superior attributes in verson 2 is called Paramatma Through the

distorting medium the Atma will look different Without distorting medium both are the same Jivatma and Paramatma are

superficially different but they are one and the same undistorted original Atma

Jivatma ndash Inferior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

Paramatma ndash Superior attribute = Undistorted Atma = Brahman

If you focus on the distorted version it will create problems because the distorted version is untrue You should focus on the

undistorted version

From difference you should go to no difference If you donrsquot focus on this you suffer the Samsaraha सासारः

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

So long as the notion which is due to conditionings that Jiva and Ishvar are different remains until such time there is no

redemption from lsquoSamsararsquo which is of the form of repeated birth death etc

Why are the human beings suffering in life It is caused by the misconception It is caused by the distorting medium there is

superficial difference in the two distorted versions The experienced difference is not factual As long as the misconception

continues in life the Samsara continues The problem is me and so the solution is also me Changing people society and other

people is not the solution You have to turn the interior knob instead of the exterior knob Attack your misconception

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

Due to that reason the notion that lsquoJiva is different from Ishvar should not be accepted

Therefore misconception of division (divisive vision) between Jivatma and Paramatma you should never entertain You should

never see a distance between you and GOD No distance No Samsara No Distance = Aikyam ऐकयम

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीनत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

Doubt - But the Jiva is endowed with ego and his knowledge is limited (Whereas) Isvara is without ego and is omniscientThen

how can there be identity as stated in the Mahavakya TAT TWAM ASI (That Thou Art) between these two who are possessed of

contradictory characteristics

How to remove the distance between individual and GOD Division and distance is attacked by Vedic scriptures It is removed

by right knowledge like the inquiry commissions are used to find the truth Misconception does not go away automatically it

requires intellectual exercise of enquiry Misconception is the intellectual problem Right knowledge alone can remove the

misconception Vedantic enquiry is the method Vedanta does not deny the superficial visible difference Vedanta says the

visible difference is superficial not factual That statement which reveals the oneness is called a Maha Vakyam MahaVakyams

reveal the fact that the Jivatma and Paramatma are one and the same The most popular Mahavakyam from SamaVeda

Chandogya Upanishad is TAT Paramatma TVAM Jivatma ASI you are - You Jivatma = Paramatma It is called Aikya

Bodhaka Vakyam ऐकयबोधकवाकयम

Doubt is - How can it be since there are so many clear differences between Jivatma and Paramatma

कथम अभद बपदधः सयात = how can there be a vision of indifferencerdquo आकरानत = endowed with पवरदधधमव contradictory

characteristics

The teacher solves the problem as follows

तततवबोधः

32

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

No (the doubt has no stand) The literal meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is the one who identifies himself with gross and subtle

bodies (ie Jiva) The implied meaning of the word lsquoThoursquo is pure awareness which is free from all conditionings and which is

appreciated in the state of lsquoSamadhirsquo

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

So also is the literal meaning of the word lsquoThatrsquo which is the Isvara having omniscience etcThe implied meaning of the word

lsquoThatrsquo is the pure awareness which is free from all the ldquoconditioningsrdquo

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Thus there is no contradiction regarding the identity between Jiva and Ishvar from the stand point of awareness

Whenever we use a word it is used to communicate a meaning to the listener The word reveals an object to the mind of the

listener Every padam reveals a Padarthaha We learn this by studying a language What we hear is a sound but we understand it

as an object This object which is referred to by a word is called Vachyarthaha ndash the primary meaning conveyed by a particular

word A word can convey either a total object or a part of the object The meaning other than the primary meaning is called a

secondary meaning or a filtered meaning according to the context Similarly when I say the Jivatma and Paramatma what I

mean is the consciousness part Then you see that Jivatma is Atma Similarly Paramatma is Atma and so there is oneness ndash

Aikyam ऐकयम

18 Tat Tvam Asi

---------------------

Maha Vakyam equates Jivatma with Paramatma The most popular Mahavakyam is Tat Tvam Asi How can the micro individual

be equal to macro- Mahatama The student has doubt You have to take the Lakshyaartha लकषयाथवम instead of the Vachyartha

वाचयाथवम Here you have to take the appropriate part of lsquoMerdquo Donrsquot take the meaning to be the physical subtle and the causal

bodies but take the conscious principle as I I am the Atma Chaitanyam You take consciousness principle for the Paramatma

Both Jivatma and Paramatma are conscious principle which is common for Tat and I GOD and I are the one original

consciousness manifesting through two reflecting media If you take the meaning as consciousness the MahaVakyam will be

meaningful If you take the meaning as the bodymind the Mahavakyam will not make sense

सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः = 3 bodies+ consciousness = direct meaning primary meaning of Tvam

From this direct meaning Mahavakyam will not make sense

शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः = Suddham Chaitanyam ie only the unmixed consciousness part = Tvam Pada

Lakshyaarthaha = implied meaning indirect meaning of Tvam समाथधदशासमपनना = understood obtained at the time of

discrimination

समाथध = Viveka दशा = time समाथधदशा = At the time of discrimination

लकषयाथवः = by the process of discrimination when you arrive at the filtered meaning it is called Lakshyaarthaha

उपाथधपवननमवकता = The reflecting matter medium set aside

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया (without distorting matter media) शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः (implied meaning)

एवा च (in this manner) िीवशवरयो (Of Jivatma and Paramatma) चतनयररपण

अभद (no difference at all in the form of consciousness) बाधकाभावः (there is no contradiction in saying I am GOD)

तततवबोधः

33

5th

Topic ndash What will I get out of this knowledge - Jnana Phalam जञानफलम ------------------- Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

Thus by the words (teachings) of Vedanta imparted by a content teacher (Sadguru) those in whom the knowledge of Brahman in

all beings is born they are the Jivanmuktas (liberated even while living)

एवा च = In this matter

This knowledge is highly beneficial and highly practical It can bring out revolutionary changes in your very approach to life

There will be a change of perspective in everything you do This benefit is called Mokshaha मोकषः or Muktihi मजकतः How

should I get the knowledge of the Maha-Vakyam Never make independent self-study It will not work in Vedanta Gain this

knowledge with the help of Scriptures and Guru to guide you ndash वदानतवाकयः ndash by Vendata Maha Vakyam Also gain this

knowledge सदगररपदशन च with help of systematatic teaching उपदशन of a SadGuru SadGuru is one who is a master in

communicating in an appropriate way As to how this knowledge must be communicated is shown in the scriptures It is called

समपरदायः With the help of Scriptures and Guru you come to know the knowledge of Brahman ndash Atma in every medium (all

bodies) सवषवपप भतष बरहमबपदधः (ऐकयजञानम) उतपनना यषाा - And those people who have managed to grasp this are called

Jivanmuktaha ndash liberated they are त िीवनमकता इतयथवः

Liberated from what When I know I am the OC temporarily in RM in a distorted form and after death the RM will perish and

the distorted reflection will also perish Even when RC and RM perish I the OC will be there eternally I am immortal I will

have freedom from fear and mortality freedom from the sense of insecurity The sense of insecurity is expressed in the form of

all emotional problems Insecurity is the seed for Raga Dvesha Kama Krodha Mada Matsarya and Asuya (jealousy) All of

these are different versions of one fundamental problem the insecurity We are struggling to earn money clinging to money

because we feel money will give security Why do I need security from money I feel that I myself am insecure and therefor I

need money I hold on to position house and relationship etc भयम - Bhayam is driving the humanity Freedom means freedom

from the sense of insecurity and the consequent ramification put together called Samsaraha Therefore Moksha means Samsara

Nirvruttihi Nobody wants to die erased from the earth I want to cling It is survival instinct Nobody wants to die because desire

for immortality is instinctive Therefore Jivanmuktihi is the result

What is Jivan- Muktihi

19 ndash Muktihi - Liberation

------------------------

The liberation can be gained in this very life only it is not something we get after death Since this liberation can be enjoyed

while living it is called Jivanmuktihi One who enjoys it is called the liberated one ndash JivanMuktaha ndash also called जञानी who is the

liberated

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

Then who (exactly) is Jivanmukta

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

Just as one has the firm belief that lsquoI am the bodyrsquo lsquoI am a manrsquo lsquoI am a Brahminrsquo lsquoand I am a Sudrarsquo so also lsquoI am not a

Brahminrsquo lsquoI am not a Sudrarsquo lsquoI am not a manrsquo but lsquoI am unattached I am of the nature of Satchidananda effulgent the indweller

of all the formless awareness and thus one having this firmly ascertained Aparoksha Jnana (immediate knowledge) is the

Jivanmuktha

अपरोकषजञानवान (possessing self-knowledge) िीवनमकतः Knowledge is of three types

1) Of object which is far away from me and which is not available for experience it is called परोकषजञानम

2) Of object available for my direct experience परतयकषजञानम

तततवबोधः

34

3) Self-knowledge will come neither under Paroksha or Pratyaksha knowledge both of which are the

knowledge of the object Self-knowledge is अपरोकषजञानम It is knowledge without doubt and with firm

conviction regarding myself ndash दढननशचयररपः What kind of firm conviction That I am सजचचदाननद

सवररपः existence without limit consciousness It is असागः सवररपः It pervades the body mind complex

but is not connected to it It is consciousness present in every body सवावनतयावमी Bodies are many but

Atma is one inherent invisible in every body This Atma is comparable to two examples one example

is Akashaha ndash space थचदाकाशररपः and the second example is Prakasha - परकाशः the spreading light In

what respect do you compare the Atma to Aaksha and Prakasha What are the common attributes for

comparison

- Both Akasha and Prakasha are formlessrdquoSo is the Atma - Nirakara ननराकारः - Space is without division Prakashais also without division So is the Atma ndash Nirvikalpaha ननपववकलपः - Space cannot be populated by any dirty object it is ldquoblot ndashlessrdquo light is also without blemishSo is the Atma ndash

Nirmalaha ननमवलः - Space does not have a boundary it iswithout bounds or limitSo is light So is Altma ndash Nisimaha ननससमः - Akasha is associated with every object but is not connected to any object It is without connectionSimilarly is

light and so is Atma ndash Nisangaha ननसागः I am such an Atma ndash This the Jnani knows How does he look at this body

He never says I am the body he only says that I temporarily use the body So he says Naham Brahmanaha Vaishya or

Shudraha Consciousness is VarnaAtitaha वणावनततः I donrsquot have any complex based on body or cast Next complex

is gender based For Jnani नपरषःनसतरी gender identity is dropped I am the eternal consciousness How firm is this

knowledge The knowledge is firm like the knowledge is of an ignorant person of himself ndash यथा The ignorant

persons believes दहोऽहा परषोऽहा बराहमणोऽहा शणरोऽहमसमीनत दढननशचयः As such a firm wrong conviction the ignorant

person has so strong is the conviction of the Jnani with regard to his real nature It is the spontaneous knowledge never

forgotten at any time especially when the body is growing old The body identification becomes stronger worry or

concerns about death become stronger concern about children become stronger At those times the Janani is aware of

the fact that the body is an incidental medium it has to arrive grow and go And because of this objectivity he does

not have any obsession with his physical body or the physical bodies of the near and dear ones He accepts that the

body has to come and go He does not look upon the old age and death as a tragedy He looks at them as the most

natural events which have to be seen as it is As the strong wrong conviction of the ignorant is so is the strong

conviction of the Jnanindash यथा अजञानीनाम तथा दढननशचयः

What is the practical benefit out of this conviction ndash It is Mokshaha or freedom Mokshaha has five fold benefits as mentioned

in the introduction What will happen to himher at the time of death

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

By the immediate knowledge (Aparoksha Jnana) that lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo one becomes free from bondage of all the Karmas

By the sheer power of Aparoksha knowledge that I am Brahman at the time of death this Jivanmukta becomes free from all the

Karmas which are called बनधः ndash shackles Karma is also called PunyaPapam This means that at the time of the ignorantrsquos

death he is not free from all the KarmasSo what Punya and Papams are responsible for rebirth So the ignorant will have Punar

Janma Jnani will not have Punar Janma ndash rebirth He is free from the arrival of a new body This freedom is called

VidehaMuktihi This is the merger into GOD ndashthe totality This is called Karma Nashaha ndash ननणखलकमवबनधनाशः What is the Karma Here it is not meant the dictionary meaning of action Here it means the technical meaning of Punyam पणयम

and Papam पापम

Now the law of Karma

20 ndash The law of Karma

------------------------------

तततवबोधः

35

The cessation of individuality is Videhamuktihi The acquisition of totality is IshvarPraptihi Like the river merges into the ocean

and exists in the ocean as an ocean and not as a river The law of Karma is unique to Vedas Every action that a person does will

produce two types of results called KarmaPhalam One result of action is the visible result which we can see and experience

directly दषटफलम Behind every action there is an invisible motive which produces an invisible result called अदषटफलम Since

the motive can be positive or negative the Adrushta phalam can be positive or negative The positive Adrushta Phalam is called

Punyam and the negative Adrushta Phalam is called Papam So for every action we do we are gathering Punyam and Papam

Same action can turn into Punyam or Papam based on the motive behind the action This Punyam and Papam get accumulated in

the name of the individual Jiva This Punyam and Papam later get converted into happy and unhappy experiences Punyam will

get converted into happy सखम and Papam into unhappy experiences दःखम Every Punyam and Papam is an invisible seed of

future pleasure or pain अदषटपणया सखा ददानत अदषटपापा दखा ददानत How long will it take the Punyam and Papam to be

converted into pleasure and pain How long will it take the seed to be fructified into Sukham and Dukham The duration is not

uniform Just as not all the seeds take the same time to turn into a tree and give fruits the duration will vary from seed to seed

Some may fructify tomorrow next year next century some may not fructify in this birth Fructification requires a condusive

atmosphere They will remain in potential form till the next Janmas The unfructified PunyaPapas which accumulate in several

Janmas are called Sanchita Karmas सजञचतकमावणण like a saving deposit Of the Sanchita Karma one portion gets ready for

fructification its gestation period is over like the maturity of a fixed deposit A bunch of Sanchit Karma which is mature and

ready is called the Prarabdha Karma परारबधकमव ndashie matured Sanchita Karma That Prarabdha Karma alone decides the type of

body one will get If it is Punya Prarabdham the body will be a very favorable body it can be plant animal or human body

Whether it is a male or female body is also decided by the Prarabdham Even in the body if it is healthy or with disease or with

genetic deficiencies etc is determined by the sanctified Prarabdham This Prarabdha alone determines the parentage richpoor

etc even the duration of life is controlled by the Prarabdam During our life whenever we face an experience for which we have

not worked for it may be a favorable condition ie good luck or unfavorable condition which is bad luck it is the work of the

Prarabdam While we are exhausting the Prarabdham we wonrsquot be keeping quietWe will keeping on doing Karmas This present

action will also produce fresh PunyamPapam This PunyamPapam arriving is called Agami Karma आगासमकमव ndash

PunyamPapam acquired in this Janma Some of these Agami Karma will fructify in this life and some will be unfructified These

unfructified Agami Karma will accumulate in my account Like this I will exhaust my Prarabdham and part of my Agami Karma

When the Prarabdha and part of the Agami Karma are exhausted the body falls When the body falls the other part of the Agami

at the time of death will join the Sanchita pile Out of this pile another bunch gets ready for fructification ndash the next CD matures

When it will fructify is not definite but it is definite that it will fructify This cycle continues thus Punarapi Janmam and Purnapi

Maranam पनपपविनमम पनपपवमरणम This is called the law of Karma

What will happen to three Karmas of a Jnani The three Karmas are the Sanchita Prarabdha and Agami All the three are

exhausted at the end of the Jnanirsquos lifeThe account will show nil balanceSo the file is closed Individuality is not there but

totality is there ndash Ishvar Praptihi ईशवरपराजपतः ndash as the river merging into an ocean

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

If asked as to how many kinds of Karmas are there The reply is that there are three kinds of Karma namely Agami Sanchita

and Prarabdha

Karmani ndash The invisible PunyamPapam Phalam They are three types - Agami PunyaPapam Sanchita PunyaPapam and

Prarabdha PunyaPapam

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

The results of actions good or bad performed through the body of the Jnani after the dawn of knowledge is known as Agami

The definition of Agami Karma will vary depending on whether a person is a Jnani or Ajnani In the case of an Ajnani Agami

Karma is PunyaPapam acquired from birth In the case of a Jnani the Jnanirsquos Agami starts from the time of his Janma Up to

getting the Janma his Karma will come under Sanchiat Karma जञनोतपततयननतरा पणय़पापररपा कमव जञाननदहकता ndash done by the

body of the Jnani from the time of his Janma is called Agami Karma Jnani does not consider himself as body So what is done

by his body is called Agami Karma What happens to Jnanirsquos Agami will be explained later

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

What is Sanchita Karma

तततवबोधः

36

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

The results of actions performed in (all) the previous births which are in the seed form to give rise to endless crores of births (in

future) is called Sanchita (accumulated) Karma

What is Sanchita Karma Whatever PunyaPapa is accumulated in the all the past Janmas and in this Janma also up to the

attainment of Jnanam is Sanchita Karma पवावजिवता Sanchita Karma is the cause of the innumerable future Janmas the seed for

countless future Janmas अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

If asked ldquoWhat is Prarabdha Karmardquo

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Having given birth to this body the actions which give results in this very world in the form of happiness or misery and which

can be destroyed only by enjoying or suffering them is called Prarabdha Karma The definition of Prarabdha Karma is the same

for the Jnani and Ajnani It is whichever part of the Sanchita has fructified and which has started the body and its experiencesIt is

a journey on this earth - इदा शरीरमतपादय इह लोक - It decides its date of birth RahuKetu etc It gives both pleasurable and

painful experiences without one working for it सखदखाहदपरदा यतकमव ततपरारबधा

What will happen to the three Karmas of the Jnani Prarabdham will have to be exhausted One has to go through Prarabdha

Karma - भोगन नषटा भवनत It is because of the law of Karma even for the Jnani - परारबधकमवणाा भोगादव कषया In the case of a

Jnani he does not identify himself with the body and so he does not react to the Prarabdha Anubhava

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

The Sanchita Karma is destroyed by the knowledge lsquoI am Brahmanrsquo

This knowledge is so powerful that it is capable of destroying all the unfructified Karma known as Sanchita Karma So

ननशचयातमकजञानन ndash with the knowledge ldquoI am Brahmanrdquo ndash बरहमवाहसमनतLike radiation destroys cancer cells the powerful

knowledge of the self has the power to destroy the Sanchita Karma

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

The Aagami Karma is also destroyed by Jnanamdashand the Jnani is not affected by it just as a lotus leaf is not affected by the water

on it

The knowledge destroys the Agami Karmas also - आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत Agami Karma does not come at all because

the Jnani does not have ego in performing the Karma Ego means Deha-Abhiman दहासभमानThe world may praise him or

criticize him but it does not bother him because he does not have Deha-Abhimanam (आगासमकमवणाा जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत) like

the water on the lotus leaf नसलनीदलगतिलवत You see action coming from a Jnani but that action does not have any

Sambandhaha because he does not identify with the body Not only that

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२

Furthermore those who praise worship and adore the Jnani to them go the results of the good actions done by the Jnani Those

who abuse hate or cause pain or sorrow to a Jnani to them go the results of the sinful actions done by the Jnani

The Jnanis do not have ego they are not going to reciprocate positively or negativelySo one has to be very careful in relating to

a Jnani If a person ill-treats a Jnanii the Jnani will not retaliate or take revenge or curse because he does not have Abhiman or

feeling of insult So a person may take advantage of a Jnani If one ill treats a Jnani the Karmas will transgress to that person

One will have Papam if one misbehaves Jnani will not reward Punyam but Bhagavan will take care of giving the result of the

Punyam The idea is that it is a Punyam to worship a Jnani and it is a Papam to hurt a Jnani This is the intended meaning

तततवबोधः

37

Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo इनत शरतः ३८-३

Thus the knower of the Self having crossed the Samsara attains the Supreme Bliss here itself The Sruti affirms lsquoThe knower of

the self goes beyond all sorrowsrsquo

Therefore the wise person is free from Sanchit Agami and Prarabdha There is no reason for Punarjanma ndash he merges into the

Lord

21 ---- Law of Karma

-------------------------

ldquoतना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः ldquo इनत समतशच ३८-४

Let the Jnani cast his body in Kasi (a sacred place) or in the house of a dog eater (Chandala) It is immaterial because at the time

of gaining the knowledge (itself) he is liberated being freed from all results of actions So assert the Smrutis too

The law of Karma is unique to Vedic teaching It is very significant teaching with a lot of corollary If we understand the law of

Karma and all its corollaries then this very understanding itself will give a lot of mental relaxation

The 1st corollary is that the very experience we undergo in life is because of our own Prarabdha Karma from past Janmas or

Agami Karma from immediate past and current Janmas I can never blame any third party for my own pleasant and painful

experiences I cannot even blame the GOD Because the rule is यः कताव भवनत सः एव कमवफलभोकता भवनत ie whoever is Karta

(doer) that Karta becomes the current Bhokta ndash reaping the action The past Karta is me the current Bhokta is me So stop

putting blame on someone else

The 2nd corollary is that if the past Irdquo is responsible for the present rdquoIrdquo the present ldquoIrdquo is responsible for the future rdquoIrdquo The past

ldquoI ldquocannot be corrected So no use grieving over the spilled milk but you can concentrate on presentrdquo Irdquo because it is still not

pastThis way you can influence the futurerdquo Irdquovery much So the law of Karma says to take responsibility of your future Donrsquot

take to a fatalistic philosophy and wash off your responsibilityYou and non other than you are responsible for the future ldquoyourdquo

Therefore law of Karma is the only remedy of the wrong philosophy of fatalism Krishna says in the Gita Uddharet Atmna

Atmanam उदधरत आतमना आतमानम You have to uplift yourself Bhagavan can only cheer you (like a cheer leader) but you have

to take charge of your life ie pay or run Take charge of yourself right from this moment onwards

3rd corollary is that a person is experiencing both Agami Phalam and Prarabdha Phalam Agami is done by current

KartaPrarabdham is done by the remote ndash past Karta Whenever an experience comes our tendency is to correlate the Karta and

the experiences When you correlate the Agami Phalam and current Karta equation it will tally well He is a good person so

good experiences When Prarabdha experience comes that experience and the current Karta can not be correlated because

Prarabdha is not associated with current Karta but the Purva Janma Karta whom I donrsquot know So Prarabdha Anubhav and the

current Karta will not tally So you see good people suffering in life and you see a currupt person having all prosperity Therefore

you are disturbed and you are angry with the world because you see good people suffering and bad people enjoying You say that

in the world there is no justice you get angry with the world and even with GOD The problem is my wrong equation of

Prarabdham with the current Karta

If you understand that human experience is a mixture of Prarabdha and Agami you will not see any injustice in the world There

is seeming injustice but there is no injustice Never make the wrong equation that good people suffer bad people enjoy and

question the justice of Lord

The 4th corollary is that our experiences are in the form of both Agami and Prarabdha Generally the Prarabdha Karma is not

known to us So it is called Adrustam अदषटम So we donrsquot know what our Prarabdha is until it is fructified If the experience is

pleasant I can infer that my Prarabdha was good If fructification was painful then I can infer that my Praradbha was bad Since

we donrsquot know the Prarabdha we cannot deal with it How can you deal with something which is unknown But Shastra says that

there are methods by which we do have access to know our Prarabdha Generally it is better not to know You can know

Prarabdha by several methods One method is onersquos horoscope The various positions of planets and constellations are supposed

to indicate your Prarabdha We should be very careful here Planets are not the cause of suffering but they are the indicators of

your Prarabdha In Samskrit it is कारकम ndash cause and जञापकम ndash indicator Suppose we are able to know our Prarabdham at

sometime then the Sastra says that you have got a method of handling them Because not only your future is dependent on

Prarabdha but on Agami also If you are able to generate an Agami which is capable to neutralizing the Prarabdha then that

Agami can handle the Prarabdha When you create an Agami as a remedy for Prarabdha that Karma is called Prayaschit Karma

परायजशचतकमव ndash Parihara Karma पररहारकमव It is a production of an appropriate Agami to handle an arriving Prarabdha

तततवबोधः

38

Can Prayaschit cure or remedy all the Prarabdha Karmas It depends on the type of Prarabdha Like medicine depends on the

type of disease some times there is no medicine to cure the disease but there is medicine to manage the disease Sometimes there

is no medicine for certain diseases Medicine can cure manage or alleviate the pain in some cases Shastra says Prayaschit karma

also will act as cure management or alleviation In weaker Prarabdha it will cure in intermediate Prarabdha it will manange and

in strong Prarabdha it will alleviate Sometimes Pryaschits are general and you call it Prayer When it is specific you call it

Parihara So Parihara and prayer are one and the same But prayer is Samanyam and Prayaschit is specific and well directed The

4th corollary is availability of the Prayaschit Karma

The 5th corollary is that in any particular Janma you never exhaust all the Karmas So the law of Karma says that Punar Janma is

a compulsory necessity Rebirth is the 5th corollary

Even in the case of animals it will exhaust all Prarabdha through varieties of experiences Animals do not have Agami Karma

since they do not have an ego to do deliberate and planned actions Animals avoid Agami like a Jnani Animals cannot gain

Jnanam they cannot burn the Sanhita Karmas Therefore animals will have to be reborn

How does rebirth happen

Since Prarabdha is gone a part of the Agami is experienced and another part is unexperienced The unexperienced will join the

Sanchita Karma Since Prarabdha is already experienced the Prarabdha based body falls off Only Sthula Shariram falls of the

Sukshma Shariram continues even after death the Karana Shariram continues Only Sthula Shariram RM1 RC1 go away OC1 is

still there The invisible Jiva nucleus continues and will have to travel to acquire the next body depending upon the next

fructifying Prarabdha Of this Jiva nucleus which part travels and which part does not Sukshama and Karana Sharirams travel

Reflected consciousness also travels RC and RM travel OC cannot travel because it is already all pervading All parts other

than OC travel

In the case of Jnani Prarabdha exhausts so physical experiences of pleasure and pain continue Because of the knowledge of

Atman the sorrow and pain is over shadowed by the Ananda of the knowledge This is called Abhibhavaha the Prarabdha

Dukham is overshadowed by the Vidya Ananda Fulfillment born out of Vidya overshadows the Prarabdharsquos painful experiences

Sanchita karma gets destroyed for Jnani Agami will not arrive It will be avoided because Jnani does not have an ego just like the

animal (taken positively)In some places the Shastra talks about the Agami karma of a Jnani But that is not to say that Agami

karma is there but it is for some other purpose Agami Punyam of a Jnani goes to worshipers of Jnana and Agami Papam of Jnani

goes to those who criticize and hurt the Jnani This should not be taken as a proof for Agami PunyamPapam of Jnani because

Jnani does not have Agami Punyam and if Jnani has Agami Papam what is the use of Jnanam itself Shastras want to say that

you donrsquot criticize and hurt a Jnani Criticizing Jnanis is Maha Papam महापापम and worship of Jnani is Maha Punyam महापणयम

This is a figurative statement ndash Artha Vada portion So revere a Jnani

So a wise person crosses over Samsara consisting of three Karmas So when the Jnani dies all three Shirirams dissolve All RMs

and RCs dissolve OC does not dissolve it does not travel it merges Therefore we say the Jnani merges with the Lord

Chandogya Upanishad says Tarati Shokam Aatmavid rsquoतरनत शोकम आतमपवतrsquo

A Jnani may die in Kashi ndash a sacred place or he may die in the house of a dog eater (uncultured person) Let him die in a very

sacred or an ordinary place The place time and mode of death do not matter to him because by the power of knowledge he will

attain Ishvar He is free from all the Karmas residing in the Sukshma Shariram पवगतकमावशयः

Veda is Shruti Veda based secondary literature is Smruti Thus Shruti and Smruti point out that Jnanam gives both Jivan and

Videha Mukti Therefore interested people are welcome to vote for Jnanam

22 ndash Summary

------------------

Tattvabodha consists of 5 topics

1 Sadhana Chatustayam - the four fold qualifications required for a spiritual seeker

2 Vysati (individual microcosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of individual

3 Samsti (total universal macrocosom) Vicharaha (analysis) analysis of the total

4 Aikya Vicharaha ndash essential oneness of Vyasti and Samasti ndash Vyasti-Samasti Swarupa Aikya Vicharaha

5 Jnana phalam ndash benefit of gaining this knowledge ndash Aikya Jnana Phalam

तततवबोधः

39

1st topic ndash Shlokas ndash 1 to 7

In this topic the author says a spiritual student must have four qualifications to derive a complete benefit out of the

Vedantic study The four qualifications are ldquoDiscrimination Dispassion Discipline and Desirerdquo

Discrimination is the knowledge which will differentiate between a fake and a real security in life Any impermanent

thing can give only pseudo security Real security can be given only by a permanent thing permanent thing is ever

secure This is discrimination between pseudo and real security discrimination between Nitya and Anitya

Dispassion is freedom from yearning for fake security and not being cheated by the pseudo security because of the

power of advertisement This is not being passionate not being obsessed with ephemeral It is called Vairagyam

वरागयम not having hatred to them I use them but I do not expect real security from them in short not having false

expectations from them

Desire is turning towards the real security turning towards the permanent is the healthy desire I desire what will be

fulfilled because I can expect real security from the permanent one and not from the impermananent Desire can be

healthy expectation possible expectation which can be successfully fulfilled

Discipline is preparing the personality to discover the real security which is otherwise called Mokshaha it is a six fold

discipline Essentially it means healthy organs all the constituents of my personality are healthy Discipline is not

losing sight of the immediate and ultimate goal Finally and most importantly it is faith in the scripturersquos capacity to

help you Scriptures give you promise that I will educate you I will strengthen you which will help you in discovering

real security It is a promise given by the scriptures if I am not willing to give benefit of doubt I can never sincerely

study If I should sincerely study I should have confidence in the scriptures and the person who is teaching the

scriptures a Guru faith in the Shashtra and the Guru Shraddha is another important faculty Finally harmony of

personality is important Not having split personality but having all the organs perform in harmony like an orchestra

Spirutal Sadhana should be an attempt in harmony a consorted effort My body Karma Indriyani Jnanendriyane

emotion and intellect should perform in concert

One who has the four fold qualifications in abundance is an Adhikari अथधकरी an eligible student The author does not

tell you how to acquire it he only says I want these qualifications from you if you want entrance This is an entrance

examination with four papers If you fail the entrance you go to tutorial college called Bhagavad Gita BG elaborately

deals with the acquisition of the four fold qualification in addition to Tattva bodha content

2nd topic- Vyasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 81 to 164

Author says every individual is a mixture of two parts one which is grossly visible and the other invisible and so the

invisible part is taken for granted

Example ndash A fan consists of visible fan and invisible electricity Every individual consists of Unatma and Atma parts

For understanding the material part namely the body the author studies it from two angles one angle is Sharira

Trayam and the second angle is the five fold Koshas Both angles are the study of the material part of the individual

Sharira Trayam is an angle in the form of texture of the personality The physical is the gross ldquohandleablerdquo body where

as the subtle body with the mind is the subtler non-ldquohandleablerdquo part of the individualAnd the causal body is the

subtlest part of the individual Based on the texture it is fine finer and finest The other division is the fivefold

functional division The 1st layer is the anatomical part of the body the anatomy that you see The 2nd layer is

physiological part of the body I can see the anatomical personality but I cannot see the physiological part Then is the

ldquoemotionalrdquo personality which you can never know even by labtest The 4th layer is your rational ndash intellectual

personalityAll four are material Anatma layers The 5th is hidden which you donrsquot know It comes out at a time which

surprises you I never thought I will behave like that I feel ashamed to tell you that I do have a certain hidden

personality scientists call it unconscious personality ndash hidden emotions hidden anger etc This is the innermost layer

All of these five Koshas are called Unatma or material personality because they are subject to change

Then there is a non-material spiritual part of you which is other than the five fold and three fold layers which is the non

changing ldquoconsciousnessrdquo principle What is the nature of this consciousness Consciousness is not a part property or

product of the body or of the mind It is an independent principle which pervades the body and which makes the body

alive It extends beyond the body just like electricity extends beyond the fan Even after the material body falls the

Atma Tattvam continues to survive even after removing the fan electricity continues Consciousness survives the

death of the body The surviving consciousness is not contactable not recgonizable because there is no medium for its

expression namely the body Consciousness can express only through the body medium This is called Atma which is

the same in all the bodies Atma is one its expressions are different Atma is called Sat-Chit-Ananda Chit means

ldquonon-materialrdquo consciousness Sat means eternal consciousness Ananada means immortal consciousness ndash Purnam

The aim of the individual is to gradually shift the importance from UnAtma to Atma I should learn to own up my

Atma part which is my real and permanent nature rather than identifying with this temporary aging ldquofalling sickrdquo

तततवबोधः

40

dying dead and putrifying body Instead of claiming this bundle of decaying matter as ldquoyourselfrdquo learn to claim the

eternal Atma as yourself Shifting is one of the Sadhans of the spiritual student Use the body as your instrument but

donrsquot claim it as yourself If you claim it as yourself the fear of old age and death will constantly haunt you

3rd topic- Samasti Vicharaha ndash Shlokas 17 to 25

The universe was never created by anyone Nobody can create the universe because of the simple scientific law that

matter cannot be created and cannot be destroyed Creation is the most unscientific word to use That means the

creation was always there It was nowhere there in this particular form eg The tree was in existence in seed form

before becoming a tree Similarly the universe existed in the seed form called Maya Maya is the seed form of the

universe The so called creation is nothing but the potential universe coming to manifestation The word used should

not be creation but the appropriate word is manifestation Butter existed in milk someone puts an effort to extract

butter Maya evolves in the creation in four stages 1st - Sukshma Bhuta Abhivyaktihi 2nd Sukshama Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash creation of all the subtle bodies 3rd Sthula Bhuta Shrustihi ndash evolution of gross element 4th Sthula Bhautika

Shrustihi ndash Sthula Sharira Shristihis- the creation of the physical bodies With this we have got the full-fledged

creation All individuals with Sthula Sukshma and Karana Sharirams and at the total level with Sthula Sukshama

Karana Prapanchaha All of them are material in nature three microcosmic and three macrocosmic layers

4th topic ndash One consciousness which is eternal formless and all-pervading expresses through the individual and the

total This is called Aikya Vicharaha ऐकयपवचारः Shlokas ndash 27 to 35

Atma is one it is of the nature of consciousness it is without any property We have two mediums ndash Sharira Trayam

and Prapancha Trayam The consciousness expresses through these media ndash convex and concave mirrors The

consciousness is distorted in both the media In the individual medium the consciousness gets inferior attributes like

Alpa-Jnana अलपजञानम Alpa-Ishvaraha अलपईशवरहः and Alpa-Shaktiman अलपशजकतमान etc This distorted Atma

with inferior attributes is valled Jivatma The sameldquoAtmardquoexpression through macro medium the universal

intelligence which maintains the orderliness in the universe the planetary motion the gravitation force etc That

consciousness also has distortion with superior attributes This consciousness with superior attributes is called

Paramatma Atma does not have any attributes This Atma is me This is the Aikya Vicharaha ndash Tat Tvam Asi

5th topic ndash Jnana Phalam - Shlokas ndash 36 to 38-4

The direct benefit is that the fear of immortality goes way Body is the medium that I use End of transaction is not my

end This attainment of immortality and freedom from fear of death is Jivan Mukti Karmas are dissolved by waking

up to my higher nature Sharira Trayam will merge into Prapancha Trayam This is called Videha Muktihi it does not

matter at which place the Jnani dies

All the other scriptural texts are the magnification of these five topics

ओम ततसत

जिव पण षटकम

मिोबददधयहङक र जचत जि ि ह ि च शरोतरजिहव ि च घर णितर

ि च वयोम जमिप तिो ि व यः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम १

ि च पर णसजञो ि व पञचव यः ि व सतध तः ि व पञचकोिः

ि व कप जणप द ि चोपसथप य जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम २

ि म दवषर गौ ि म ाःो मोहौ मदो िव म िव म तसयप वः

ि धमो ि च थो ि क मो ि मोकषः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ३

ि पणय ि प प ि सौखय ि दःि ि मनतरो ि तीथो ि वदो ि यजञ

अह ोिि िव ोजय ि ोकत जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ४

ि मतयिप िङक ि म ि जत दः जपत िव म िव म त ि िनमः

ि बनधिप जमतर गरिव जिषय जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ५

अह जिरशवकलपो जिर क ररपो जव वय पपय सवपतर सवजनिय ण म

सद म समतव ि मजकतिप बनधः जचद िनदरपः जिवोऽहम जिवोऽहम ६

तततवबोधः

41

साधनचतषटयम

साधनचतषटयम

Four Qualifications = 4 Ds

Discrimination Dispassion Discipline Desire

पववकः पवरागः षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा

Clear Thinking about

Nitya vs Anitya

Freedom

From Slavery

Emotional Relaxation

Inner Wealth

Intense Yearnig For Self-Knowledge

(Healthy Desire)

शमः दमः उपरमः नतनतकषा शरदधा समाधानम

Mastery over Mind

Mastery

Over Sense

Organs

Doing

ones Duty

Dharma Forbearance Faith

Single

Pointedness

Focus यजषटः

अनातमा ndash Eleven ldquoNon-Selfrdquo Items आतमा Self

शरीरतरयम Three Bodies

कोशपञचकम अवसथातरयम यनतररकतः अतीतः साकषी सजचचदाननदः सथल सकषम कारण अननमय पराणमय मनोमय पवजञानमय आननदमय िागरत सवपन ससपत

Physical

Gross Subtle Causal Food

Modified Pranic

Energy Emotional Intellectual Source of

Relaxation Waking Dream Deep

Sleep

Beyond Non-

Self Witness

Existence

Knowledge

Bliss

सथलशरीरम Physical Gross Body

कारणम Cause अवसथाः

Condition Nature

कायवम Function

सामानयकारणम Common Cause

पवशषकारणम Special Cause

पञचीकतम

made out of five elements

सतकमविनयम

result of Punya and Papam

सखदखाहदभोगायतना Abode to enjoy

happiness sorrow

etc आकाश वाय अजगन िलम पथथवी पापम पणयम अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयनत

Space Air Fire Water Earth Papam Punyam Is Birth Grow Change Decay Die

सकषमशरीरम - Instruments

पञचजञानजनरयाणण पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपाणाः मनः बपदधः कषोतरम तवक चकषः रसना घराणम वाक पाणण पाद पाय उपसथानम पराणः

अपानः यानः समानः उदानः

दवता हदक वायः सयवः वररणः अजशवनौ

अजगनः बहसपनतः सरसवती

इनरः पवषणः यम

धमवरािः परिापनतः बरहमा

पवषयः शबद

गरहणम सपशव गरहणम

ररप गरहणम

रस गरहणम

गनध गरहणम

भाषणम वसत गरहणम

गमनम मलतयागः आननदः

सथलशरीरम सकषमशरीरम कारणशरीरम

अननमयकोशः Food Sheath

(Physical Body)

पञचकमजनरयाणण पञचपराणाः मनः पञचजञानजनरयाणण बपदधः

आननदमयकोशः Bliss Sheath

पराणमयकोशः Energy Sheath

(Act)

मनोमयकोशः Mental Sheath

(Desire)

पवजञानमयकोशः

Knowledge Sheath

(Know)

तततवबोधः

42

समजसटः

पञचसकषमभतशरजषटः

ऐकयम बरहमन Brahman

माया सतव रिस तमस चतरवविजततततव जि Evolution of 24-Tattvas

True Principles

पञचीकतपञचतततवानन

सथलभतानन Grossification of 5-Elements

from 5-Sublte Elements

सथलभौनतकशरजषटः Creation

of Gross Body

पञच सकषमभतानन

5-Subtle

Elements

तनमातराः

19 - Subtle Organs पञच

जञानजनरयाणण

5-

Knowledge

Organs

अनतःकरणम 4-Internal

Organs

पञच पराणाः

5-Vital

Air Organs

पञच कमजनरयाणण

5-Action

Organs

आकाशः शबदः कषोतरम

Hear

मनः बपदधः अहङकारः थचततम

पराणाः

वाक

Speech

आकाश = १२ आकाशः +

१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी सथलशरीम

Gross Physical Body

From

Grossified Elements

Powered by Powerful Atma-

Brahman

Which is you

तत तवम असस अहम बरहम अजसम

वायः सपशवः तवक

Touch

पाणण

Hand

वायः = १२ वायः +

१८आकाशः+१८अजगनः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी अजगनः ररपः चकषः

See

पादम

Leg

अजगनः = १२ अजगनः +

१८आकाशः+१८वायः+१८आपः+१८पथथवी आपः रसः रसना ndash

जिहवा Taste

उपसथम

Anus

आपः = १२ आपः +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८पथथवी

पथथवी गनधः घराणम ndash नाससका Smell

गदा Genital

पथथवी = १२ पथथवी +

१८आकाशः+१८वाय+१८अजगनः+१८आपः

िगत Total

Macrocosom

समजषटः

िीवः Individual

Microcosom

यजषटः चतन Chetan

Senstient

Consciousness

Independent Powerful

बरहमन Brahman आतमा - Atma

अचतन Achetan

Matter माया Maya अनातमा - UnAtma

बरहमन

Brahman ndash Chetan Independent Consiousness that supports Maya

माया - MAYA

सतव

जञानशजकतः Knowledge Power

रिस

ककरयाशजकतः Action Power

तमस

रयशजकतः Inertia Power

बरहमन Brahman

माया Maya

भतम Element परधानगणः Dominant Property

आकाशः शबदः वायः सपशवः अजगनः ररपः आपः िलम रसः पथथवी गनधः

माया Maya

आकाशः Space

वायः Air

तिस Fire

आपः Water

पथथवी Earth

तततवबोधः

43

Why even after knowing so much there is no change in someonersquos life

There are three reasons for asking a question to gain knowledge

1) कतहलता ndash Inquisitiveness When someone asks a question for this reason first of all there is no reason to ask This is

because whether the person gets an answer or not it does not matter to that person The question is aked just for the

sake of asking

2) जिजञासा ndash Curiosity In this case the answer is important for the purpose of intellectual growth बौपदधकपवकासाथवम but

not for the growth of the spirit आजतमकपवकासाथवम The question is asked to gather knowledge and for broadening of

onersquos opinion It is like accumulation of wealth It does not help internal growth it does not change anything in life

3) ममकषा ndash Spiritual growth If the जिजञासा is not only for the intellectual growth but also for making changes in life

then that जिजञासा is called ममकषा - a wish to attain salvation Here the answer is used as a pillar support of change

The use of the answer depends at which level the person is at कतहलता जिजञासा or ममकषा No matter what you think or do each

one of us has a part - अाश of God in a seed form That seed needs to be nourished In fact this seed is eager to be nourished

Getting fertile soil and nourishment is the destinity of that seed But every seed is different and the time for germination of each

seed is different हररकथाः stories of God and शासतराधयायनम study of scriptures with intention to change the life help us provide

the soil and nourishment for the seed in us In some of us it germinates soon and for some of us it will take time but the

germination will happen The effort will not get wasted ndash Bhagavad Gita 6-40 to 6-45

तततवबोधः

44

Collection of All Shlokas -----------------------------------------

Prayer to Guru वासदवनरयोगीनरा नतवा जञानपरदा गरम ममकषणाा हहताथावय तततवबोधोऽज धीयत Method for the Fit-Aspirant for Self-Knowledge

साधनचतषटयसमपननाथधकारीणाा मोकषसाधनभता तततवपववकपरकारा वकषयामः १

Fourfold Effort

साधनचतषटया ककम २ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः इहामतराथवफलभोगपवरागः शमाहद षटकसापजततः ममकषतवा वनत २१ ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः कः ३१ ननतयवसतवका बरहम तदयनतररकता सववमननतयम अयमव ननतयाननतयवसतपववकः ३-२ पवरागः कः ४-१

इहसवगवभोगष इचछाराहहतयम ४-२

समाहदसाधनसमपजततः का ५-१ शमो दम उपरमजसतनतकषा शरदधा समाधाना चनत ५-२ शमः कः मनोननगरहः ५-३ दमः कः चकषराहदबाहयजनरयननगरहः ५-४ उपरमः कः सवधमावनषठानमव ५-५

नतनतकषा का शीतोषणसखदःखाहदसहहषणतवम ५-६

शरदधा कीदशी गरवदानतवाकयाहदष पवशवासः शरदधा ५-७ समाधाना ककम थचततकागरता ६-१

ममकषतवा ककम rsquoमोकषो म भयादrsquo इनत इचछा ६-२ एततस धिचतषटयम ततसतततवजववकसय जधकररणो वजनत ७

Definition of Atma - Which the Seeker is Seeking

तततवपववकः कः ८-१

आतमा सतयम तदनयत सव समथयनत ८-२

आतमा कः ९-१

सथाःसकषमक रणिरीर दवयजतररकतः पचकोि तीतः सि अवसथ तरयस कषी सजिद िनदसवरपः सि यजसतषठजत स आतम ९-२

The Gross Body

सथलशरीरा ककम १०-१

पाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदखाहदभोगायतना शरीरा अजसत िायत वधवत पवपररणमत अपकषीयत पवनशयतीनत

षडपवकारवदततथलशरीरम १०-२

The Subtle Body

सकषमशरीरा ककम ११-१

अपाचीकतपाचमहाभतः कता सतकमविनया सखदःखाहदभोग साधना पाचजञानजनरयाणण पाचकमजनरयाणण पाच पराणादयः मनशचका बपदधशचका एवा सपतदशकलासभः सह यजसतषठनत ततसकषमशरीरम ११-२

कषोतरा तवक चकषः रसना घराणसमनत पाच जञानजनरयाणण ११-३

शरोतरसय हदगदवता तवचो वायः चकषषः सयवः रसनायाः वरणः घराणसय अजशवनौ इनत जञानजनरयदवताः ११-४

शरोतरसय पवषयः शबदगरहणम तवचो पवषयः सपशवगरहणम चकषषो पवषयः ररपगरहणम रसनायाः पवषयः रसगरहणम घराणसय पवषयः गनधगरहणम इनत ११-५

तततवबोधः

45

वाकपाणणपादपायपसथानीनत पाचकमजनरयाणण ११-६

वाचो दवता वजहनः हसतयोररनरः पादयोपववषणः पायोमवतयः उपसथसय परिापनतररनत कमजनरयदवताः ११-७

वाचो पवषय़ः भाषणम पाणयोपववषयः वसतगरहणम पादयोपववषयः गमनम पायोपववषयः मलतयागः उपसथसय पवषयः आननदः इनत ११-८

The Causal Body

कारणशरीरा ककम १२-१

अजिव पचय ि दयजवदय रप िरीरदवयसय क रणम तर सत सवरप जञ ि जिरशवकलपकरप यदजसत ततक रणिरीरम १२-२

The Threee States अवसथातरयम ककम १३-१

िागरतसवपनसषपतयवसथाः १३-२

िागरदवसथा का १३-३

शरोतराहदजञानजनरयः शबदाहदपवषयशच जञायत इनत या सा िागरदवसथा १३-४

सथलशरीरासभमानी आतमा पवशव इतयचयत १३-५

सवपनावसथा कनत चत िागरदवसथायाा यद दषटा यत शरता तजिननतवासनया ननरासमय यः परपाचः परतीयत सा सवपनावसथा १३-६

सकषमशरीरासभमानी आतमा तिसः इनत उचयत १३-७

अतः सषपतयवसथा का १३-८

अहा ककमपप न िानासम सखन मया ननराऽनभयत इनत सषपतयवसथा १३-९

कारणशरीरासभमानी आतमा पराजञ इतयचयत १३-१० The Five Sheaths

पचकोि ः क अननमयः पर णमयः मिोमयः जवजञ िमयः आिनदमयशचजत १४-१

अननमयः कः अननरसिव तव अननरसिव वति पर पय अननरपपजथवय यजदवाःीयत तदननमयः कोिः सथाःिरीरम १४-२

पर णमयः कः पर ण दय ः पचव यवः व ग दीजनियपचक पर णमयः कोिः १४-३

मिोमयः कोिः कः मिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स मिोमयः कोिः १४-४

जवजञ िमयः कः बजिशच जञ िजनियपचक जमजाःतव यो वजत स जवजञ िमयः कोिः १४-५

आिनदमयः कः एवमव क रणिरीर त जवदय सथ मजाःिसततव जपरय ददवजतसजहत सत आिनदमयः कोिः १४-६

एततकोिपचकम १४-७

Beyond the Five Sheaths

मदीया शरीरा मदीयाः पराणाः मदीया मनशच मदीया बपदधमवदीया अजञानसमनत सवनव जञायत तदयथ मदीयतवन जञाता कटककणडलगहाहदका सवसमानदभनना तथा पाचकोशाहदका सवसमानदभनना मदीयतवन जञातमातमा न भवनत १५ What is Atma ndash the Self

आतमा तहहव कः सजचचदाननद सवररपः १६-१

सजतकम कालतरयऽपप नतषठतीनत सत १६-२

थचजतकम जञानसवररपः १६-३

आननदः कः सखसवररपः १६-४ एवम सजचचदाननदसवररप सवातमाना पविानीयात १६-५

The Universe

अथ चतरवविजततततवोतपजतपरक र वकषय मः १७

Maya

बरहम शरय सततवरिसतमोगण जतमक म य अजसत १८

Five Great Elements (Tanmatras) From Maya

ततः आक िः सम तः आक ि दव यः व योसतिः तिस आपः अदभयः पजथवी १९

तततवबोधः

46

The Organs of Perception From Sattva Quality of the Elements

एतष पञचतततव ि मधय आक िसय स जततवक ि त कषोतरजनिय सम तम २०

व योः स जतक ि ततवजगजनिय सम तम २०-१

अगनः साजततवकााशाचचकषररजनरया समभतम २०-२

िलसय साजततवकाशाारसनजनरया समभतम २०-३

पथथयाः साजततवकााशात घराणजनरया समभतम २०-४ Antahakarana from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा समजषटसाजततवकााशानमनोबदधयहाकारथचततानतःकरणानन समभतानन २१-१

साकलपपवकलपातमका मनः २१-२

ननशचयाजतमका बपदधः २१-३

अहाकताव अहाकारः २१-४

थचनतनकतव थचततम २१-५

मनसो दवता चनरमा बिबरपहम अहाकारसय ररः थचततसय वासदवः २१-६

Organs of Action from the Rajas Quality of the Elements

एतषाा पाचतततवानाा मधय आकाशसय रािसााशात वाथगजनरया समभतम २२-१

वायोः रािसााशात पाणीजनरया समभतम २२-२

वहनः रािसााशात पादजनरया समभतम २२-३

िलसय रािसााशादपसथजनरया समभतम २२-४

पथथया रािसााशात गदजनरया समभतम २२-५

Five Pranas (Life Forces) from the combined Sattva Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा समजषट रािसााशातपाचपराणाः समभताः २३

Creation of Gross Body from the Tamas Qualities

Grossificafication of the Five Elements from the Tamas Qualities of all of the Elements

एतषाा पञचतततवानाा तामसााशात पञचीकतपञचतततवानन भवजनत २४

पाचीकरणा कथम इनत चत २४-१

इतषाा पाचमहाभतानाा तामसााशसवररपम एकमका भता जदवध पवभजय एकमकमधव पथक तषणीा यवसथापयापरमपरमधव चतधाव पवभजय

सवाधवमनयष अधष सवभागचतषटयसायोिना कायवम तदा पाचीकरणा भवनत २४-२ एतभयः पाचीकतपाचमहाभतभयः सथलशरीरा भवनत २५

Thus the Identity between microcosm and macrocosm

(The individual Gross Body is part of the total Gross Body)

एवा पपणडबरहमाणडयोरकया समभतम २६

Jiva

सथलशरीरासभमानन िीवनामका बरहमपरनततरबमबा भवनत स एव िीवः परकतया सवसमात ईशवरा ज ननतवि िानानत २७

अजवदय उपाथधः सन आतमा िीवः इतयचयत २८ Ishvar

मायोपाथधः सन ईशवरः इतयचयत २९

एवमपाथधभदाजिीवशवरभदजषटयाववतपयवनता नतषठनत तावतपयवनता िनममरणाहदररपसासारो न ननवतवत ३०

तसमातकारणात िीवशवरयोभदबपदधः न सवीकायावः ३१

तततवबोधः

47

Enquiry into ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

Doubt about ldquoYou are Thatrdquo

नन साहाकारसय का थचजजञसय िीवसय ननरहाकारसय सववजञसय ईशवरसय तततवमसीजत महावाकयातकथमभदबपदध सयादभयोः पवरदधधमावकरानततवात ३२

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoYourdquo

इनत चनन सथलसकषमशरीरासभमानी तवमपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधपवननमवकता समाथधदशासमपनना शदधा वतनया तवमपद लकषयाथवः ३३

The Direct and Implied Meaning of ldquoThatrdquo

एवा सववजञतवाहदपवषट ईशवरः ततपदवाचयाथवः उपाथधशनया शदधचतनया ततपदलकषयाथवः ३४

Jiva and Ishvar and non-different

एवा च िीवशवरयो चतनयररपणाऽभद बाधकाभावः ३४-१

Liberated Man

एव च वद नतव कयः सददगरपदिि च सवषवजप तष यष बरहमबजिरतपनन त िीवनमकत इतयथपः ३५

िि िीवनमकतः कः ३६

यथ दहोऽह परषोऽह बर हमणोऽह शणदणिोऽहमसमीजत दढजिशचयः तथ ि ह बर हमणः ि ििः ि परषः दकनत असगः सजिद िनद सवरपः परक िरपः

सव पनतय पमी जचद क िरपोऽसमीजत दढजिशचयरपः अपरोकषजञ िव ि िीवनमकतः ३६१

बरहमव हमसमीतयपरोकषजञ िि जिजिाःकमपबनध जवजिमपकतः सय त ३६-२

Types of Karma कमावणण कनतपवधानन सनतीनत चत आगासमसजञचतपरारबधभदन तरतरपवधानन सजनत ३७-१

Future Karma

जञनोतपततयननतरा जञाननदहकता पणय़पापररपा कमव यदजसत तदागामीतयसभधीयत ३७-२

Stored Karma

सजञचत कमव ककम ३७-३

अननतकोहटिनमनाा बीिभता सत यतकमविाता पवावजिवता नतषठनत तत सजञचता जञयम ३७-४

Prarabdha Karma ndash Gives Birth to the Body

परारबधा कमव ककसमनत चत ३७-५

इद िरीरमतप दय इह ाःोक एव सिदि ददपरद यतकमप ततपर रबध ोगि िषट वजत पर रबधकमपण ोग दव कषय इजत ३७-६

Freedom from Bondage of Action

सजचत कमप बरहमव हजमजत जिशचय तमकजञ िि िशणदयजत ३८

आगासम कमव अपप जञानन नशयनत ककञच आगासमकमवणाा नसलनीदलगतिलवत जञानननाा समबनधो नाजसत ३८-१

Distribution of Karma

ककञच य जञाननना सतवजनत भिजनत अचवयजनत तानपरनत जञाननकता आगासम पणया गचछनत य जञाननना नननदजनत जदवषजनत दःिपरद ि कवपजनत

तानपरनत जञाननकता सववमागासम ककरयमाणा यदवाचया कमव पापातमका तद गचछनत सहदः पणयकतया दहवदः पापकतया गहणजनत ३८-२ Self-Knowledge the Only Worthy Goal - Quotes from Shruti and Smruti

तथा च आतमपवतसासारा तीतवाव बरहमाननदसमहव परापनोनत तरनत शोकम आतमपवत इनत शरतः ३८-३

तना तयित वा काशयाा शवपचसय गहऽथवा जञानसमपराजपतसमय मकतोऽसौ पवगताशयः इनत समतशच ३८-४