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  • 8/6/2019 Notes Matter

    1/5

    Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

    My Blog : http://jomscorescience.blogspot Email :[email protected]

    CHAPTER 3: MATTER

    Properties Solid Liquid GasArrangement of

    particles

    Closely packed Further apart Very far apart

    Distancebetweenparticles

    Very little spacebetween the

    particles

    More spacebetween the

    particles

    A lot of spacebetween the

    particlesMovement of

    particlesVibrate about afixed position

    Move randomlyand freely

    Move randomly,freely and

    faster in anydirection.

    Volume Definite Definite IndefiniteLevel of energy Low Medium High

    Attractive forcebetweenparticles

    Strong Weak Very weak

    Ability to becompressed

    Cannot Cannot Can

    All living things can be divided into matterand non-matter.Matteris anything that has mass and occupies space.

    For examples : book, air, soil and animals.Examples ofnon-matterare light, sound, heat and electricity.Matter can exist in three different states:

    SolidLiquidGas.

    Solids rice, sugar, salt, coins, stones, sand and steelLiquids cooking oil, kerosene, lubricant and alcoholGases air, cooking gas and water vapour

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    Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

    My Blog : http://jomscorescience.blogspot Email :[email protected]

    Matter Has Mass and Occupies Space

    To Show Air Has Mass

    Two balloon are filled with air and arebalanced onto a wooden rod.

    The balloon that was poked with a pinhas become lighter than the otherballoon.

    To Show Air Occupies Space

    When the water level in the flask rises, the ballooninflates.

    The water that enters the flask takes up the space ofair in the flask.

    The displaced air then, enters the balloon. Thiscauses the balloon to inflate.

    To Show Water Has Mass

    The mass of water can be measured byusing lever balance.

    To Show Water Occupies Space

    Water fills the space in the beaker.

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    Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

    My Blog : http://jomscorescience.blogspot Email :[email protected]

    The Concept of Density

    Material Density ( g/cm3 )

    Cork 0.25

    Wood 0.7

    Ice 0.92

    Wax 0.95

    Sand 1.6

    Glass 2.5

    Aluminium 2.6

    Iron 7.9

    Copper 8.9

    Lead 11.4

    Uranium 19.0

    Material Density ( g/cm3 )

    Alcohol 0.8

    Petrol 0.8

    Olive oil 0.9

    Water 1.0

    Sea water 1.03

    Dead sea brine 1.8

    Material Density ( g/cm3

    )

    Hydrogen 0.001

    Air 0.0013

    Oxygen 0.001

    Carbon dioxide 0.002

    Definition

    Density of an object is mass per unit volume of that object.Density = Mass

    VolumeSI unit = kg/ m31 g/cm

    3= 1 000 kg/m

    3

    Gas

    Example of densities of some common materials

    Liquid

    Solid

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    Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

    My Blog : http://jomscorescience.blogspot Email :[email protected]

    The density of regular shaped objects

    The diagram shows block A with mass 5.0 kg. What is thedensity of block A?

    Density = Mass / Volume= 5.0 kg

    (0.1m x 0.1m x 0.2 m)= 5.0 kg

    0.002 m3

    = 2500kg/m3

    The density of irregular shaped objects

    Mass of stone = 50gWhat is the density of the stone?

    Density = Mass / Volume

    = 50g(40-20 cm3)

    = 50 g20 cm3

    = 2.5g/cm3

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    Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

    My Blog : http://jomscorescience.blogspot Email :[email protected]

    Application

    Hot air Balloon

    Buoy

    Submarine

    Transport timber

    Floats

    Ships and boats

    Floating and Sinking

    Different objects have differentdensities.A solid floats on a liquid if it is lessdense than the liquid.

    A solid sinks in a liquid if it isdenserthan the liquid.The less dense liquids will float ondenserliquids

    Cork(0.25gcm-3

    )Petrol(0.7gcm

    -3)

    Wood (0.91gcm-3)

    Water(1.0 gcm

    -3)

    Lead (11.4 gcm-3)

    Mercury(13.6 gcm

    -3)