note taking instructions only write down information on slides with a red box. we will discuss many...
TRANSCRIPT
Note Taking Instructions
• Only write down information on slides with a red box.
• We will discuss many things about Africa, and participation is required.
Watch for these red boxes!
Africa: Just the Facts• 2nd largest continent • 2nd most populous continent
– 887,000,000 • Found in all 4 hemispheres• 54 countries
Surprising facts
• Nearly ½ of Africa’s population is under 15 years old
• Only 10% of roads are paved
• Deserts cover 1/3 of Africa
Northern Africa
Sahara Desert• Largest desert (3.5 million miles)
• expanding south at an average of ½ mile a month!
• as large as the USA!
• Temperature differences between day & night in the Sahara desert can range as much as 100°F
Sahara Desert
Nile River• Longest River in the
world (4132 miles) • The Delta is at the
Mediterranean Sea
In the middle of the desert
Aswan High Dam
Adaptations in Northern Africa
• Population lives next to sources of water
• Saharan inhabitants are nomadic
• Nomads wear long loose clothing
• Technology: – Trucks are replacing camels– Satellite phones– Aswan High Dam
QUESTION 1
WRITE THIS DOWN!
Central and Southern Africa
Lake Victoria
Lake Victoria
• approximately 26,800 mi2
• Buchanan County: 410 mi2
• larger than the state of West Virginia (24,077 mi2)
Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls
• height of 360 ft
• twice as high as Niagara Falls
• largest sheet of falling water in the world
• 1 mile wide
Kilimanjaro• tallest free-standing mountain in the world
Rainforest
Rainforest• It is shrinking rapidly due mostly to subsistence
farming & collecting firewood for heating/cooking
Rainforest• 90% of Africa’s
rainforests have been destroyed
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
•When the rainforest disappears, so do the animals and plants that need it to survive
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• poaching elephants – ivory tusks & hides
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• removing the tusks of a recently killed elephant
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• Buyers going through a warehouse• Ivory is illegal in much of the world today
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• Rhino horns & hides are illegal but sought after, much like elephant tusks
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• A “prized” rhino will bring a nice price at market once he is skinned and has his horns removed
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• A sample of rhino horns
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• Some animals have been poached as trophies for the wealthy, but today most are being killed for another reason
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• Animals are hunted and sold as bush-meat in local open-air markets.
• A few large
operations have shipped meat off to Europe, but most stays local.
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
•Hunter keeps latest gorilla head as a trophy & proudly displays it on his kitchen table for friends to see!
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• Male mandrill bought at an open-air market by a local shopper looking for a special dinner
Exotic Animals/Endangered Species
• Shipped to bush-meat market still alive in order to receive a higher price
Natural Resources
Natural Resources
•S. Africa is #1 in the mining of Gold & diamonds in the world
Natural Resources
• Coal – used to generate electricity
Natural Resources• Uranium – fission (breaking apart) of atom
creates nuclear reaction. Used in nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons
Natural Resources
• silver
Natural Resources
• Limestone – used as a common building material
Natural Resources
• Petroleum
Adaptations in Central/Southern Africa
• Subsistence farming-living off the land– Harvesting bush meat
• Cutting rainforest down for firewood
• Use of natural resources
QUESTION 2
WRITE THIS DOWN!
Illegal/Questionable Activities
• Poaching of endangered species
• Elimination of Rainforest
• Exploitation of Natural Resources
QUESTION 3
WRITE THIS DOWN!
ANSWER QUESTION 4 WITH YOUR OWN OPINION
Africa has developed at a slower rate than the rest of the
world
Governmental Systems• Today in Africa, we find different types of
governmental systems:
Governmental Systems• Monarchy – countries such as Swaziland &
Morocco where the monarch has absolute control (traditional clothing)
King Mohammed VI King Mswati III
Governmental Systems• Parliamentary democracy (prime minister or
president) – South Africa, Botswana (most of Africa)
Governmental Systems• Military dictatorship – Libya, Egypt
Muammar Gaddafi Muhammad Hosni Mubarak
guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict
• Most of Africa was colonized by European nations but internal problems have plagued them since gaining independence
guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict
• About 1200-1500 different languages spoken in Africa
• The lack of communication has led to poor relations between different groups
• necessary for lingua franca
guerrilla warfare/corruption/ethnic conflict
• There are many different ethnic groups (estimated 800)
• warring tribes still living today in Africa
• very hard to have a unified govt voice •Ethnic fighting between
Tutsis and Hutus – heads from a Tutsis mass grave
Standard of Living
Standard of Living
• Life expectancy – lowest in world
• worlds shortest life expectancy: 51 yrs
– (50 male/52 female)
Standard of Living• malaria causes 3000 children to die/day
• over 1 million/yr – most in sub-Saharan Africa
Standard of Living
• What are the signs and symptoms of malaria?
• fever and flu-like illness• shaking chills • headache• muscle aches• tiredness• nausea• vomiting• diarrhea
Standard of Living• What it will do to a person:• cause anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of
the skin and eyes) because of the loss of red blood cells
• may cause kidney failure • seizures • mental confusion • coma • death
Standard of Living• 38 million people are at risk for starvation
Standard of Living• over 50% of people with HIV live in sub-Saharan• ¾ of 3 million AIDS related-deaths in 2005 • 2/3 of the 5 million new HIV cases in this region
Babies with HIV
Standard of Living
• highest birth rate (41/1000)
Standard of Living
• worlds highest population growth rate (887 million in 2005 total pop.) 2.4%
• Most of Sub-Saharan Africa is in the World Bank's lowest income category of less than $765 Gross National Income (GNI) per person per year.
• Ethiopia and Burundi are the worst off with just $90 GNI per person.
Becoming a Developed Country
• Political challenges– Oppressive governments– Conflicts between countries
• Economic challenges– Limited resources and technology– Poor education- low skill jobs– Resources are exported to other countries
• Social Challenges– Variety of languages– Disease/Famine
QUESTION 5
WRITE THIS DOWN!
ANSWER QUESTION 6 IN
YOUR OWN OPINION
Questions 7 and 8
• Significance of the Sahara Desert– Largest Desert in the World
• Significance of the Nile River– Longest River in the World
Label physical features on the
map
Label countries on the map