bensco'ield  –  viget  labscodemash14  january  2010

NoSQLDeath  to  Relational  Databases(?)

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Motivations

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Performance

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Scalability

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Meh

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Flexibility

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Complexity

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“Comics”  Is  Hard

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Functionality

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Charlie  Chaplin

Jet  Li

Marian  Collier

Hank  Mann

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Taxonomy

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Key-­‐Value  Stores

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distributed  hash  tables

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PerformanceScalabilityFlexibilityComplexityFunctionality

highhighhighnonevariable  (none)

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DynamoGT.MPStoreRedis

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Column-­‐Oriented  Stores

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semi-­‐structured

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PerformanceScalabilityFlexibilityComplexityFunctionality

highhighmoderatelowminimal

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BigTableCassandraHBase

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Document-­‐Oriented  Stores

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also  semi-­‐structured

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PerformanceScalabilityFlexibilityComplexityFunctionality

highvariable  (high)highlowvariable  (low)

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CouchDBMongoDBRDDBRiak

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Graph  Databases

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graph  theory

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PerformanceScalabilityFlexibilityComplexityFunctionality

variablevariablehighhighgraph  theory

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ActiveRDF  AllegroGraphNeo4J

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Relational  Databases

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PerformanceScalabilityFlexibilityComplexityFunctionality

variablevariablelowmoderaterelational  algebra

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Examples

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Redis

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Data  Typesstringslistssetssorted  sets

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In-­‐Memoryperiodic  snapshots  /  append  only  'ilemaster-­‐slave  replicationmemory-­‐bound

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require 'redis'

gl = Redis.new

# A stringgl['name'] = 'Kyle Rayner'gl['name']gl.delete('name')

# A listgl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Lose Ion power'gl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Mourn dead loved ones'gl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Blow up zombie lanterns'

gl.list_range('to-dos', 0, -1)

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Tokyo  Cabinet

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Data  Typesbinary  datastrings

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Tables!?

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Related  Projectstyrantdystopiapromenade

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require 'rufus/tokyo'

# Key-valuejli = Rufus::Tokyo::Cabinet.new('jl.tch')jli['members'] = [ 'Batman', 'Black Canary', 'Blue Beetle', 'Captain Marvel', 'Doctor Light', 'Doctor Fate', 'Guy Gardner', 'Martian Manhunter', 'Mister Miracle'].to_yaml

YAML.load(jli['members'])

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require 'rufus/tokyo'

# Tablebig7 = Rufus::Tokyo::Table.new('big7.tct')

big7['s'] = {'name' => 'Superman', 'role' => 'deus ex machina'}big7['b'] = {'name' => 'Batman', 'role' => 'mastermind'}big7['gl'] = {'name' => 'Green Lantern', 'role' => 'space cop'}big7['f'] = {'name' => 'Flash', 'role' => 'speedster'}big7['mm'] = {'name' => 'Martian Manhunter', 'role' => '?'}big7['ww'] = {'name' => 'Wonder Woman', 'role' => 'hitter'}big7['a'] = {'name' => 'Aquaman', 'role' => 'fish-talking'}

big7.query {|q| q.add_condition 'role', :streq, 'fish-talking'}

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Cassandra

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GenealogyDynamoBigTable

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Column-­‐Orientedcolumnssupercolumnscolumn  families

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Distributedautomatic  replicationeventual  consistencyeasy  expansion

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Availabilityweak  readsquorum  reads

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require 'cassandra'

op = Cassandra.new('OnePiece')

op.insert(:People, '1', {'name' => 'Luffy'})op.insert(:People, '2', {'name' => 'Crocodile'})op.insert(:People, '3', {'name' => 'Mr. 3'})

op.insert(:Fights, '1', {'opponents' => {UUID.new => '2'}})op.insert(:Fights, '1', {'opponents' => {UUID.new => '3'}})

luffy_fights = op.get(:Fights, '1', 'opponents')luffy_fights.map {|t, opp| op.get(:People, opp, 'name')}

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CouchDB

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Web-­‐InspiredJSON  storageHTTP  /  RESTful  interface

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Viewsprede'ined,  updated  incrementallyjavascript  for  map/reduce

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Updatesfull,  including  embedded  documents

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require 'couchrest'

konoha = CouchRest.database!('http://127.0.0.1:5984/konoha')naruto = konoha.save_doc { 'name' => 'Naruto Uzumaki', 'chakra' => 'wind'}shikamaru = konoha.save_doc { 'name' => 'Shikamaru Nara', 'chunin' => true}

konoha.save_doc { '_id' => '_design/first', :views => { :chunin => { :map => 'function(doc){if(doc.chunin){emit(null, doc);}}' } }}

puts konoha.views('first/chunin')['rows'].inspect

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MongoDB

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Storagebinary  JSON  documents

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Accessnative  clients

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Queriesdynamicindex-­‐based

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Updatesallows  partial  updates

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require 'mongo'

avengers = Mongo::Connection.new.db('avengers')members = avengers.collection('members')

members.insert {'name' => 'Ant-Man'}members.insert {'name' => 'Hulk'}members.insert {'name' => 'Iron Man'}members.insert {'name' => 'Thor'}members.insert {'name' => 'Wasp'}

members.create_index('name')

pym = members.find {'name' => 'Ant-Man'}pym['name'] = 'Giant-Man'pym.save

members.remove {'name' => 'Hulk'}

members.insert {'name' => 'Captain America'}

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Riak

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also  Web-­‐InspiredJSON  storageHTTP  /  RESTful  interfacelinks  for  relationships

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Decentralizedno  privileged  nodes

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Con'igurablestore  /  read  /  write

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require 'jiak'

jc = JiakClient.new('127.0.0.1', 8098)jc.set_bucket_schema('supervillains', { 'allowed_fields' => ['name', 'alias', 'power']})

jc.store({ 'bucket' => 'supervillains', 'key' => 'Normie', 'object' => { 'name' => 'Norman Osborn', 'alias' => 'Green Goblin', 'power' => 'Supreme jerkfacedness' }, 'links' => []})

kth = jc.fetch('supervillains', 'Normie')

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Neo4J

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Structurenodes  and  edgeskey-­‐value  pairs

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Querieslucenegremlin

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require 'neo4j'

class Person include Neo4j::NodeMixin property :name, :mutant index :name, :mutant has_n :crushes has_n :hookups has_n :marriages def initialize(name, mutant = true) name = name mutant = mutant endend

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Neo4j::Transaction.run do magneto = Person.new('Magneto') esme = Person.new('Esme') rogue = Person.new('Rogue') magda = Person.new('Magda', false) wasp = Person.new('Wasp', false) magneto.crushes << wasp magneto.hookups << rogue magneto.marriages << magda esme.crushes << magneto rogue.hookups << magneto magda.marriages << magnetoend

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magneto = Person.find(:name => 'Magneto')

# Who likes Magneto?magneto.relationships.incoming(:crushes).nodes

# Which non-mutants has Magneto dated?magneto.hookups{ !mutant? }.to_a

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Simulations

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Structure

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people{ ‘name’:‘Jimmy Olsen’ ‘title’:‘Superman’s Pal’ ‘company_id’:12441}

companies{ _id:12441 ‘name’:‘Daily Planet’}

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Lack  of  Structure

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mysql> SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 1 \G*************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1content: --- company: Daily Planetname: Jimmy Olsentitle: Superman’s Pal

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But  wait!friendfeedfriendly

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mysql> desc people;+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

mysql> desc attributes;+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || person_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || attribute | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | || value | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

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Not  Only  SQL

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Polyglot  Persistence

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Caching

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Already  in  Usememcached

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Queues

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Long-­‐running  processesresque

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Logging

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Rails  Log  Replacementhttp://github.com/peburrows/mongo_db_logger

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Hybrid  Domains

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different  domains

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Publishinge-­‐commercedocuments

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Datinge-­‐commercesocial  graph

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different  scales

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Photo  Sharinguser  accountsuploaded  photos

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Next  Steps

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Explore

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Database  Listhttp://internetmindmap.com/database_software

NoSQL  Google  Grouphttp://groups.google.com/group/nosql-­‐discussion

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Ignore  the  Database

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Logical  Modeling  Firstbe  mindful

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Change  the  Default

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Application  Templatesstart  with  something  new

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@bsco'ieldben.sco'ield@viget.comhttp://spkr8.com/bsco'ieldhttp://viget.com/extendhttp:  //bensco'ield.com

bensco'ield

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