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North East Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan
Draft Goulburn ValleyWaste and Resource RecoveryImplementation Plan
May 2016
Front cover images:Concrete for crushingMembers of the South West and Goulburn Valley WRRG inspecting a landfill liner at HilldeneE-waste for dismantling.
Back cover image: Bushwalkers near Eildon.
i Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Creative CommonsThis publication is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License. In essence, you are free to copy, distribute and adapt the work, as long as you attribute the work and abide by the other license terms. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au
DisclaimerThis publication is for general information purposes only. The State of Victoria does not guarantee that this publication is comprehensive, without flaw or appropriate for your needs. You should make your own enquiries or seek independent professional advice before relying on anything in this publication. The State of Victoria disclaims all liability for any error, loss or damage that may arise as a result of you relying on anything contained in this publication.
AccessibilityIf you would like to receive this publication in an accessible format, such as large print, telephone the Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group on 03 5822 1300.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan
© Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group Victoria 2016
Authorised and published by the Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group
30 Benalla Road Shepparton Victoria 3630
PO Box 6919 Shepparton Victoria 3630
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 ii
ContentsForeword vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii 1 ABOUT THIS PLAN 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Statutory objective of this plan 1 1.3 Scope of the plan 3 1.4 How the plan is developed 5 1.4.1 Consultation and community engagement 7 1.4.2 Consultation required by legislation 7 1.5 Governance structure 8 1.6 How is the plan approved? 10 1.7 Who will use the plan? 10 1.8 How can I get involved? 10
2 WHAT DO WE WANT TO ACHIEVE? 11 2.1 What does success look like? 11 2.2 Strategic objectives 11
3 ACTIONS TO ACHIEVE REGIONAL AND STATEWIDE OBJECTIVES 13 3.1 Action plan and performance indicators 15
4 THE STATE OF WASTE IN THE GOULBURN VALLEY REGION 19 4.1 Overview of the region 19 4.1.1 Population and demographics 19 4.1.2 Regional profile 21 4.1.3 Land use and major industries 21 4.2 Data sources, limitations and handling 23 4.2.1 Reprocessor data 24 4.2.2 Data rounding 24 4.2.1 Data collection and handling 24 4.3 Waste generated and managed in the region 25 4.3.1 Waste generated in the Goulburn Valley region 25 4.3.2 Source sector of materials generated 25 4.3.3 Materials reprocessed in the region 25 4.3.4 Waste disposed to landfill 25 4.3.5 Waste flows into and out of the region 27 4.4 Future projections of waste generated 28 4.4.1 Projected tonnes recovered by council 29
5 THE WASTE AND RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM IN THE GOULBURN VALLEY REGION 31 5.1 Summary of regional infrastructure 31 5.2 Collection systems 31 5.2.1 Municipal kerbside collections 31 5.2.2 Private sector collections 33 5.2.3 Hard waste collections 33 5.2.4 Residential multi-unit and mixed-use development collections 33 5.2.5 Public place recycling and litter collection 33 5.3 Resource recovery centres 34 5.3.1 Analysis of future needs 37 5.4 Materials recovery facility 38 5.4.1 Analysis of future needs 38 5.5 Reprocessing infrastructure 38 5.5.1 Current reprocessing capacity 38 5.5.2 Organics reprocessing infrastructure 41 5.5.4 Paper and cardboard 42
iii Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.5.5 Metals 42 5.5.6 Aggregates, masonry and soil 42 5.5.7 Tyres 42 5.5.8 Textiles 43 5.5.9 E-waste 43 5.5.10 Asbestos 43 5.5.11 Energy from waste 45 5.6 Landfill infrastructure 45 5.6.1 Current status 45 5.6.2 Closed landfills 49 5.7 Waste and resource recovery hubs 49 5.7.1 What is a hub 49 5.7.2 Role the region plays in the overall statewide waste and resource recovery infrastructure system 49 5.7.3 Strategic review of the Goulburn Valley region’s hubs 55 5.8 Risks and contingency planning 59 5.8.1 Resource recovery infrastructure 60 5.8.2 Landfill infrastructure 60 5.8.3 Emergency events 61 5.8.4 Goulburn Valley risks and contingencies 61 5.9 Environmental and financial performance of infrastructure 61 5.10 Future procurement and market development 64
6 LAND USE PLANNING AND THE TRANSPORT NETWORK 65 6.1 Land use planning 65 6.1.1 Link with land use planning and waste and resource recovery infrastructure 65 6.2 Siting infrastructure 66 6.2.1 Analysis of future needs 66 6.2 Transport 67 6.3.1 The Transport Integration Act 2010 and transport planning 67 6.3.2 Biosecurity 67
7 MARKET SOUNDING FOR WASTE AND RESOURCE RECOVERY INFRASTRUCTURE 71 7.1 Relationship between the market sounding process and the infrastructure schedule 71 7.2 Information provided 72 7.3 Market sounding outcomes 73 7.3.1 Evaluation process 73 7.3.2 Outcomes 73 7.4 Possible technologies identified for the region 74
8 INFRASTRUCTURE SCHEDULES 75 8.1 Part A Resource recovery and consolidation infrastructure 77 8.1.1 Existing resource recovery infrastructure 77 8.1.2 Future resource recovery infrastructure needs 84 8.2 Part B Landfill infrastructure schedule 87 8.2.1 Existing landfills 88 8.2.2 Potential new or expanded landfills 88 8.2.3 Projected life of the landfills 88 8.2.4 Closed landfills 89
References 93Abbreviations 94Terms and definitions 95Appendices 100 Appendix 1 Requirements of the Environment Protection Act 1970 100 Appendix 2 Collaboration process and outcomes 103 Appendix 3 Data 104 Appendix 4 Infrastructure 106 Appendix 5 Environmental and financial performance of infrastructure in Victoria 107
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List of tablesTable 1 Roles and responsibilities of groups involved in developing the plan 9Table 2 State infrastructure plan vision and the region’s shared values, objectives, outcomes and priorities 13Table 3 Action plan and performance indicators 15Table 4 Municipality population 2011 and projected 2016-31 19Table 5 Number of businesses by industry in the region, 2011 and 2014 23Table 6 Council household organics collection start dates 24Table 7 Sector breakdown of material generated in the region, tonnes, 2013-14 25Table 8 Breakdown of materials reprocessed in the region, 2013-14 25Table 9 Major infrastructure located in other regions servicing Goulburn Valley 27Table 10 Summary of infrastructure types in the region, 2013-14 32Table 11 Goulburn Valley resource recovery centres by municipality 34Table 12 Goulburn Valley reprocessors 40Table 13 Types of asbestos accepted by landfills in the Goulburn Valley Region 43Table 14 Goulburn Valley licensed landfills by municipality 46Table 15 Cascading criteria for waste and resource recovery hubs 50Table 16 Strategic analysis of hubs 55Table 17 Environmental and financial performance of infrastructure in the region 62Table 18 The Goulburn Valley region’s needs and opportunities 72Table 19 Number of submissions received and outcomes 73Table 20 Existing resource recovery infrastructure 77Table 21 Indication of potential need for new infrastructure capacity 84Table 22 Future resource recovery infrastructure requirements and options 85Table 23 Existing landfills 88Table 24 Projected available landfill airspace, 2016-45 89Table 25 Rehabilitation status of closed landfills 90
List of figuresFigure 1 Achieving the state infrastructure plan goals 2Figure 2 Waste and resource recovery system 3Figure 3 Process for preparing the Goulburn Valley implementation plan 6Figure 4 Goulburn Valley implementation plan governance structure 8Figure 5 Municipalities in the Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Region 20Figure 6 Goulburn Valley region land use distribution, 2011 22Figure 7 Indicative composition of MSW, C&I and C&D material entering Goulburn Valley landfills, 2013-14 26Figure 8 Projected tonnes of waste to be generated in the Goulburn Valley region to 2045 28Figure 9 Projected total recovered tonnes by council to 2045 29Figure 10 Landfill airspace availability (m3) and annual tonnes disposed in the Goulburn Valley region 2015—2025 48
Map 1 Location of resource recovery centres in the Goulburn Valley region, 2015 35Map 2 Location of reprocessors in the Goulburn Valley region 39Map 3 Landfill locations in the Goulburn Valley region 47Map 4 Hubs of state importance 51Map 5 Hubs of regional importance 52Map 6 Hubs of local importance 53Map 7 Transport routes in the Goulburn Valley region 69
List of maps
v Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Foreword
We welcome this opportunity to consult with the community, councils, industry and businesses to plan for the Goulburn Valley region’s waste and resource recovery infrastructure needs and how they will be met over next ten years. The Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan (draft GV implementation plan) is aligned with the 30-year goals of the Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan (state infrastructure plan).
The draft GV implementation plan is established with other regional plans from neighbouring waste and resource recovery groups, to maximise opportunities to share resources, minimise costs and encourage innovation. The draft GV implementation plan is based on the best evidence available after consultation with state government, councils, industry, businesses and the community. We now urge all stakeholders to provide feedback on the draft plan to inform the development of the final plan.
We have examined the current amounts of waste generated and managed in the region, including materials coming into the region from other areas. This has been used to project the region’s landfilling and resource recovery infrastructure needs for the next ten years. The modelling accounts for lower amounts of food and garden organics to be landfilled as some of the councils have introduced, or expanded, food and garden organics collections. Reductions are expected as sorting organics become second nature to households just like it has for recyclable packaging.
The strategic objectives of the statewide and regional plans aim to increase resource recovery through diverting more recyclable materials from landfill, improve consolidation and aggregation of materials for reprocessing and ensure that waste and resource recovery infrastructure is suitably located. An effective regional system that maximises economic outcomes, provides cost effective service delivery and reduces community, environment and health impacts will contribute to an effective statewide system and with many associated benefits.
We all want to improve the way we care for the environment. The draft GV implementation plan is not just based on ‘business as usual’ but identifies new opportunities to establish recovery systems for valuable materials that are not currently recovered. We need to increase the efficiency and quality of materials recycled, which would then lead to a reduction in contamination of household recyclables. We are committed to improving and establishing innovative waste and resource recovery systems to create jobs and foster a viable and sustainable regional economy.
We also need to plan for policy changes, such as the Victorian Government’s commitment to ban e-waste from landfill.
To date industry, councils, the community and businesses have participated in the development of the draft plan. We encourage you all to review it and provide feedback for the final plan.
Wendy Buck
Chair
Image above: Portrait of Wendy Buck.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 vi
The Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Region is in the central north of Victoria, has a total area of over 21,000 square kilometres, spreads across six council areas ranging from Melbourne’s urban fringe to rural areas bordering the Murray River and southern New South Wales.
Two key features impacting on the demands for waste and resource recovery infrastructure in this diverse region are the rapidly growing residential fringes of Melbourne in the Mitchell Shire and agricultural production across the region.
By 2031 the region’s overall population is projected to increase by 42%, with Mitchell Shire’s population projected to increase by nearly 51,000 people or 145%.
Around 25% of the value of Victoria’s agricultural production1 in dairy, viticulture, fruit growing and other agriculture is produced on over 80% of the region’s land.
In 2014, the Gross Regional Product (GRP) of the region was $7.4 billion, or 11.7% of the total regional Victorian GRP. The region’s GRP has an annual growth rate of 1.8%, double the Victorian average.
Greater Shepparton is a major fruit production area, while livestock and grain crops are the main products in Campaspe and Moira Shires. Nearly a third of all businesses are located in Greater Shepparton.
Some of the types of waste generated by irrigated dairy farming, vegetable production broadacre cropping, food and dairy processing manufacturers are easily recyclable in existing systems while other wastes types present challenges.
In 2013-14, around2 387,000 tonnes of waste and recovered materials were generated in the region. Of this 66% was recovered for recycling and 34% went to landfill3.
It is estimated over 40,000 tonnes of the waste generated within the region flows out of the region for reprocessing including commingled recyclables from council kerbside collections, a range of materials from resource recovery centres and materials including paper and cardboard from reprocessors and the materials recovery facility. At the same time 52,000 tonnes of waste enters the region with significant flows for landfilling, organics reprocessing and recycling.
Over 131,000 tonnes (or 34%) of material generated in the region was landfilled. Of this, over a third (35%) consisted of food, garden materials and wood/timber. Other recyclable material categories were paper/cardboard (12%) and plastics (10%). This means that nearly 60% of materials landfilled are potentially recyclable.
Garden and food household collections commenced between 2014 and 2016 to over 50% of households in the region. We expect a significant reduction in the amount of organic material sent to landfill, and an increase in the value of recycled organic products in the next two to three years.
Assuming 2015 recycling rates continue, and based on the expected population increases, by 2025, waste generated in the region is projected to increase by 20% to 464,000 tonnes. By 2044-45, the 30 year time frame of the Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan, waste generated is expected to increase by nearly 65% to 635,000 tonnes. The modelling3 suggests, that while overall waste generation increases, it is the amount of material recovered that will show the greatest increase, compared to a slower increase in the amount of waste landfilled.
Challenges include distance, balanced against our councils’ shared goals for regional economic growth and employment
Executive summary
1 Regional Development Victoria, 20152 Data is modelled and rounded to the nearest thousand (>10,000 closest 1000, <1000 closest 100, <100 = 100)3 Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database v3; waste and resource recovery data provided by Sustainability Victoria
vii Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
opportunities and building on the social benefits delivered by the not for profits working in the waste and resource recovery sector. Another challenge is greenhouse gas emissions from waste and resource recovery operations, with risks from inappropriately managed landfills accepting food and other organic materials, as well as from transportation of materials within or flowing into or out of the region. GVWRRG is currently undertaking research to quantify the net environmental benefits of waste management and resource recovery including total and net greenhouse gas emissions from landfill and organics recovery operations as well as transportation and a range of other indicators.
We have established that our region will not require additional landfill capacity within the next 10 years, even with the expected increase in waste entering landfills. Our strategic objective to reduce waste to landfill aims to extend the life of the landfills and minimise any potential environmental or health impacts.
GVWRRG ran a market sounding process that engaged private and council waste and resource recovery facility operators to identify new or expanded facilities to meet the region’s growing needs. We identified and listed the region’s priorities to support this process. The results of the market sounding revealed that the region needs increased capacity to reprocess food and garden organics and needs to expand waste collections to the commercial sector. Sorting industrial waste would recover valuable materials and reduce waste to landfill. There are opportunities to increase recovery of plastics, wood and timber, and aggregates, masonry and soil. Establishing reprocessing for e-waste and tyres was also identified.
The market sounding process provided much of the evidence to determine the appropriate infrastructure to manage the region’s waste and resource recovery needs throughout the next decade. It also identified the facilities included in the resource recovery infrastructure schedule.
The draft GV implementation plan tries to balance the benefits, tangible and intangible, of regional economic development to deliver jobs and growth, against the financial benefits that might be offered by transporting materials out of the region.
The draft GV implementation plan has five regional strategic objectives, which are aligned to the goals and strategic directions of the state infrastructure plan. The action plan includes 13 actions to achieve the regional strategic objectives. It shows the relationship between the state and regional plans, identifies the stakeholders, timeframe and performance indicators.
We have prepared a range of opportunities to engage all of our stakeholders to review the draft GV implementation plan and contribute feedback. The feedback will provide a valuable resource for the development of the final plan, which will be submitted to Sustainability Victoria and EPA. We want to ensure that the region’s waste and resource recovery infrastructure maximises resource recovery and minimises waste to landfill throughout the next decade.
Our community survey found Goulburn Valley residents are generally happy with the operation of waste management services (rated 7.5 out of 10) and the majority of residents have a ‘generally approving’ attitude towards the government’s operation of waste management services. This does not mean we should be complacent. The results did not indicate 100% approval, which means there are still issues that may be experienced by individuals or groups. We will take care to listen to these issues during consultation.
In ten years’ time, our residents would like to see an increase in the types of items that can be recycled (28%) and a reduction in waste and packaging (23%) and more local employment generated, particularly in recycling rather than landfilling.
GVWRRG Community Engagement Survey, Wallis, 2015
Image above: Worker at former Shepparton Material Recovery Facility.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 viii
1 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
1.1 Purpose
The Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan (draft GV implementation plan) has been developed to help our local government, industry, community, businesses and other stakeholders to participate in planning for the waste and resource recovery infrastructure needs for at least the next ten years.
1.2 Statutory objective of this plan
The objective of the draft GV implementation plan is to set out how the waste and resource recovery infrastructure needs of the Goulburn Valley region will be met over at least a 10 year period.
Developing the plan is a requirement of 2014 changes to the Environment Protection Act 1970 (EP Act).
The EP Act established the Victorian Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Planning Framework (Framework) to establish a waste and resource recovery system that: • effectively manages the expected mix and volumes of waste• reflects the principles of environmental justice to ensure
that impacts on the community, environment and public health are not disproportionately felt across communities
• supports a viable resource recovery industry • reduces the amount of valuable materials going to landfill.
Figure 1 shows the integrated system of the Framework:• The system is supported by education on why we need to
achieve the goals and how to achieve them. • Data informs decision-making and monitors progress. • The 30-year Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery
Infrastructure Plan (state infrastructure plan) and seven 10-year regional implementation plans provide the roadmap for investment, procurement, markets and organic material.
• Sustainability Victoria has and is developing strategies to provide direction for these four areas through the Victorian Organics Resource Recovery Strategy (state organics strategy), the Draft Victorian Market Development Strategy for Recovered Resources, the Victorian Community and Business Waste Education Strategy (waste education strategy), the investment facilitation service and procurement support.
1 About this plan
Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan vision
Victoria has an integrated statewide waste and resource recovery system that provides an essential community service to: • protect the community, environment and
public health• recover valuable resources from our waste• minimise long-term costs to
householders, industry and government.
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About the regional implementation plans
• Seven regional implementation plans will be developed.• Each regional implementation plan will be the key guiding document for waste and resource recovery for that region. • Sections 50B(A-H) of the EP Act outline requirements for the preparation, objective, content, consultation,
integration with the state infrastructure plan, publication and amendment of regional implementation plans.• Councils are required to perform their waste management functions consistently with the regional
implementation plan: > that covers their municipality > for the regions in which they dispose of their waste.
• It is a legislative requirement that any person involved in the generation, management or transport of waste in Victoria must not do anything in relation to that waste that is inconsistent with the relevant regional implementation plan.
Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Data
Education
Investment
Markets
Organic material
Procurement
10 year regional
implementation plans
30 year statewideinfrastructure plan
Figure 1 Achieving the state infrastructure plan goals
Source: Sustainability Victoria, 2015
3 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
1.3 Scope of the plan
The EP Act details the scope of the draft GV implementation plan and how it is developed. It must be integrated with the state infrastructure plan, developed by Sustainability Victoria that commenced on 12 June 2015. See Appendix 1 for details of the requirements.
The state infrastructure plan provides the road map for investment in the state’s waste and resource recovery system. The draft GV implementation plan identifies what needs to happen in the region to make sure we have the right infrastructure in the right place at the right time.
The draft GV implementation plan must include:• a description and analysis of waste and resource recovery
infrastructure in our region• a description of how the long-term directions in the state
infrastructure plan will be implemented to meet local and regional infrastructure needs in our region
• a schedule of existing and required waste and resource recovery infrastructure in our region
• any matters required by the Ministerial Guideline: Making, amending and integrating the Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan and Regional Implementation Plans (Ministerial Guideline).
Figure 2 shows the wide range of activities that occur in the statewide waste and resource recovery system. The scope of the draft GV implementation plan is to identify the infrastructure needed to manage waste materials after entering the system, shown in the yellow section.
Other relevant legislation, including the Victorian Planning and Environment Act 1987 and the Transport Integration Act 2009 have been considered in the preparation of this plan.
Source: Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Figure 2 Waste and resource recovery system
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Waste is an essential service
An essential service can be defined as a service that is recognised as a basic right for the community. Any failure to deliver this service results in risks to the community.
Victoria’s waste and resource recovery system provides the essential services to manage Victoria’s waste. If these streams are not managed properly they can cause a range of issues including odours, dust, noise, generation of leachate which can contaminate groundwater, soil contamination and the generation of greenhouse gases which impact the community and environment.
Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Goulburn Valley residents identify waste as an essential service and widely believe that waste management services should be in the top-three essential services priorities for local and state governments.
GVWRRG Community Engagement Survey, Wallis, 2015
Image behind: Empty paint cans collected for recycling.
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5 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
1.4 How the plan is developed
The Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group (GVWRRG) is responsible for preparing the draft GV implementation plan, in collaboration with Sustainability Victoria, EPA and all other regional waste and resource recovery groups. It is also a requirement of the EP Act for the WRRGs and Sustainability Victoria to work together to integrate the priorities and directions of the regional implementation plans and the state infrastructure plan to resolve any differences in the plans. Neighbouring WRRGs must work collaboratively, to the extent practicable, to ensure the plans are consistent and align with one another. See Appendix 2 for details of the collaboration process and outcomes.
To achieve full and effective integration local government strategies will need to align with regional strategies (see Action 6).
Working in collaboration will establish a system across the state that maximises recovery, minimises impacts to the community and environment and is as efficient and cost effective as possible.
Developing the plan includes meeting all requirements of the EP Act and the Ministerial Guideline.
Figure 3 shows the overall process for preparing the plan. Underpinning this approach is evidence-based analysis and assessment, principles of transparency and fairness, and engagement with stakeholders and community.
For more detail on statutory requirements, the scope and processes for preparing the plan, please see Appendix 1.
The Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group
The group was created under 2014 amendments to the Environment Protection Act 1970 and replaced the former Goulburn Valley Waste Management Group that was established in 1997.
We are responsible to plan for the future needs of waste and resource recovery infrastructure in the region aligned to Victorian Government policy. We work with the six councils to facilitate waste and resource recovery infrastructure and services and to facilitate appropriate joint council procurement.
We work with government environment agencies, councils, industry and communities to provide best practice advice on waste and resource recovery systems, facilities and services. We have a long history since 1997 of successful government funding partnering to deliver waste and resource recovery projects across the region.
Image above: Association of Victoria Regional Waste Management Group conducting a site inspection of Moama recycled pipe manufacturers ‘Recycled Plastic Technology P/L’.
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Figure 3 Process for preparing the Goulburn Valley implementation plan
Assessment of current and projected waste generation
Assessment of current infrastructure and capacity need
Industry and council market sounding and evaluation for new and expanded infrastructure
Initial community engagement
Develop draft GV implementaton plan and schedule
Broad consultation on the draft GV implementation plan with all stakeholders
Finalise GV implementation plan
Integration of the regional plan with the state infrastructure plan and other regional plans
Ministerial approval
Implementation
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7 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
1.4.1 Consultation and community engagement
Stakeholder consultation and community engagement have occurred throughout the development of the plan based on the International Association for Public Participation principles and Public Participation Spectrum to ensure as broad participation as possible. The GV implementation plan – consultation and engagement plan defined four distinct phases moving from informing, at the lower end of public participation on the spectrum, to collaboration and seeking approval at the higher levels of the spectrum:
Phase 1: informingPhase 2: broad consulting
• State infrastructure plan launch and registration of interest in initial consultation for the draft GV implementation plan
• industry and local government consultation to assess current waste generated, infrastructure and capacity need
• market sounding process• community engagement survey
Phase 3: involving • broad consultation (we are here)
Phase 4: collaborating and seeking approval
• integration of the draft GV implementation plan with the state infrastructure plan and other regional implementation plans
• ministerial approval
A community survey in November 2015 aimed to understand resident’s attitudes and behaviours to waste and resource recovery4 to ensure they could be addressed in the development of the plan. The 2015 survey built on a 2013 survey and repeated a number of questions for comparison (these results have been included in the relevant sections in the draft plan).
Community interest in participating
When presented with an open-ended question, nine out of ten community members came up with at least some sort of change or development that they would like to see in 10 years’ time. This is a remarkably high figure, indicating that the issue of kerbside collections, resource recovery and landfills is one that affects almost everyone in the Goulburn Valley community.
Nearly 70% of residents are interested in providing feedback on policies that are important to them, by email or community survey, particularly broad long-term policies like the implementation plan.
In response to this, GVWRRG started an on-line community prior to the release of this draft.
GVWRRG Community Engagement Survey, Wallis, 2015
1.4.2 Consultation required by legislation
As well as consulting local government, industry, businesses and the community, Section 50BC of the Act identifies the persons that a WRRG must consult prior to submitting the plan to Sustainability Victoria and EPA:• Secretary of Department of Environment, Land, Water and
Planning (DELWP)• Chairperson of EPA• Chairperson of Sustainability Victoria• Chairperson of each WRRG• Chairperson of Places Victoria• CEO of each council in the region.
4 Six hundred and fifty residents answered question on waste behaviours, waste as an essential service, role and performance of councils, the future of waste services and facilities, economic development/regional development/investment attraction, environmental justice and social licence to operate.
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1.5 Governance structure
A governance structure was developed as one of the first steps in the process and is illustrated in Figure 4. This included processes to manage actual or perceived conflict of interest and make and implement decisions to develop the plan. The Board is the Project Control Group which is the decision making body (depicted in dark blue) and the draft GV Implementation Plan Working Group (depicted in purple) was established to assist and guide preparation of the plan. It is made up of GVWRRG staff, representatives selected to provide expert advice across
all aspects of the plan drawn from three regional councils, EPA and Sustainability Victoria. The working group has no approval or decision-making authority. The Market Sounding Process (depicted in teal) included its own probity plan and councils were consulted at appropriate times through the Goulburn Valley Waste Forum (depicted in orange).
The Statewide Regional Implementation Plan Working Group was established to provide advice and collaboration opportunities to WRRGs to achieve consistency in developing the plans.
Figure 4 Goulburn Valley implementation plan governance structure
GVWRRG Board - Project Control Group
Executive O�cer
Market Sounding Project Working Group
Probity advisorProcurement coordinator
Market soundingevaluation panel
GV Implementation PlanWorking Group
Statewide Regional Implementation Plan
Working Group
Councils
Sustainability Victoria
EPA
GVWRRG sta
DELWP
EPA
WRRGs
Goulburn ValleyWaste Forum
Technical advisory group
CouncilsSustainability Victoria
9 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Table 1 Roles and responsibilities of groups involved in developing the plan
Table 1 lists the roles and responsibilities of the groups involved in developing the plan.
Group Established Role
Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group Board
To consider strategy, governance and risk management. The Board establish and monitor governance arrangements for GVWRRG ensuring the preparation of and approving strategic plans, annual reports, key procedures and policies.
Project Control Group.
Market Sounding Project Working Group
To undertake the collaborative market sounding process.
To develop and review the market sounding documentation prior to release including:• Project Plan • Probity Plan • Evaluation Plan.
GV Implementation Plan Working Group
To inform the development of the GV implementation plan which aligns with the long term strategic directions of the state infrastructure plan.
To provide expert advice and guidance to support the planning and development of the GV implementation plan.
Statewide Regional Implementation Plan Working Group
To support the WRRGs to develop their plans.
Provides a forum to: • identify and discuss common issues, barriers
and opportunities related to the development of their regional implementation plans
• facilitate cross regional collaboration to understand alternative management options as required in the Ministerial Guidelines
• share information about developing the plans between the WRRGs, Sustainability Victoria, EPA and DELWP
• develop consistency and alignment between the regional implementation plans and the state infrastructure plan.
Local Government Waste Forum Under Section 49B of the Act each region must establish a Local Government Waste Forum consisting of representatives of the councils in the region.
The Forum provides: • high-level strategic advice to the Board on
matters and issues affecting the role of councils in waste management and resource recovery
• conduit for consultation between GVWRRG and the councils, encourage information sharing on best practice, trends and technologies and facilitate waste management and resource recovery initiatives.
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1.6 How is the plan approved?
After consultation on this draft plan and feedback is addressed, the draft plan, along with the other five5 regional implementation plans, must be submitted to Sustainability Victoria and EPA for comment and integration with the state infrastructure plan. The Minister for Environment, Climate Change and Water approves the plan following consultation on this draft and integration with the state infrastructure plan and all regional implementation plans.
1.7 Who will use the plan?
Councils, government, industry, individuals and community involved in waste and resource recovery will use the final plan to inform their decision-making. It will be of value to local, state and Commonwealth governments in their own planning and land use decisions. EPA will use the plan and infrastructure schedules (and other regional implementation plans and schedules) in considering works approvals for landfills and resource recovery facilities.
The EP Act specifically requires that:• Councils must perform waste management functions which
are consistent with the regional implementation plans.• Any person involved in the generation, management or
transport of waste within a waste and resource recovery regions must not do anything in relation to the waste that is inconsistent with the relevant regional implementation plan.
5 The consultation draft metropolitan implementation plan was submitted to Sustainability Victoria and EPA three months after the state infrastructure plan took effect in line with the EP Act s. 50B (3).
1.8 How can I get involved?
GVWRRG wants as many people as possible to be involved in commenting on the draft plan. Councils, industry, businesses and the community all create waste and participate in the waste and resource recovery system in different ways. A range of opportunities has been planned for councils, industry, business and the community to participate and provide feedback.
The primary tool will be a multi-purpose open house to provide multiple opportunities for engagement. The open house venue will provide an area for people to view the infographic explaining the draft GV implementation plan and view the frequently asked questions (FAQs), talk to staff and council representatives and provide comments or fill in a survey. As well as participating on the spot all of these resources, including a template letter will be available to complete later. These materials will also be available online. Visit www.gvwrrg.vic.gov.au to join the online community and be kept up to date with engagement and submission opportunities.
Image above: Crushed concrete pile, Mt Scobie RRC.
11 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
2.1 What does success look like?
The region has the right mix of infrastructure to manage its waste and recover valuable resources, providing economic, social and environmental benefit to the community.
Informed planning Targeted information and guidance informs evidence based planning and investment decisions.
Resource recovery Valuable resources are recovered and consolidated through an integrated planning and infrastructure approach.
Residual waste Current and new residual waste facilities are managed to provide economic, social and environmental community benefits including cost efficiency, improved amenity, less community and environmental impacts and environmental protection.
2 What do we want to achieve?
2.2 Strategic objectives
There are five strategic objectives for the GV implementation plan that are based on the principles of the EP Act and aligned to the strategic directions of the statewide infrastructure plan:
1. Maximise diversion of recoverable materials from landfills.
2. Support increased resource recovery.
3. Achieve quantities for reprocessing.
4. Manage waste and material streams.
5. Maximise economic outcomes in the delivery of a region-wide network of waste and resource recovery infrastructure.
We want to ensure we have the right waste and resource recovery infrastructure to meet the region’s needs for at least the next 10 years. We will do this by supporting the state government, councils, industry, business and the community to:• reduce their reliance on landfills• maximise resource recovery• achieve best practice standards so that communities and the environment are protected• make well informed evidence based decisions.
Images right/page 12 (from top to bottom): baled cardboard, at the Echuca RRC, baled plastic at the Ellwaste MRF in Echuca, and colour sorted glass in shutes ready to be transported to a reprocessing facility and transformed into new products
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 12
North East Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 12
3 A
ctio
ns to
ach
ieve
regi
onal
and
stat
ewid
e ob
ject
ives
Tabl
e 2
show
s th
e st
atew
ide
goal
s an
d th
e re
gion
’s s
hare
d va
lues
, obj
ectiv
es, o
utco
mes
and
prio
ritie
s of
the
re
gion
al p
lan
and
Tabl
e 3
lists
the
Act
ion
plan
and
per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs to
ach
ieve
the
obj
ectiv
es.
Tabl
e 2
Stat
e in
fras
truc
ture
pla
n vi
sion
and
the
regi
on’s
sha
red
valu
es, o
bjec
tives
, out
com
es a
nd p
rior
ities
12
34
Stat
e in
fras
truc
ture
pl
an g
oals
Land
fills
will
onl
y be
for
rece
ivin
g an
d tr
eatin
g w
aste
str
eam
s fr
om w
hich
all
mat
eria
ls t
hat
can
be v
iabl
y re
cove
red
have
bee
n ex
trac
ted.
M
ater
ials
are
mad
e av
aila
ble
to t
he
reso
urce
reco
very
mar
ket
thro
ugh
aggr
egat
ion
and
cons
olid
atio
n of
vol
umes
to c
reat
e vi
abili
ty in
re
cove
ring
valu
able
reso
urce
s fr
om
was
te.
Was
te a
nd re
sour
ce re
cove
ry fa
cilit
ies
incl
udin
g la
ndfil
ls a
re e
stab
lishe
d an
d m
anag
ed o
ver
thei
r lif
etim
e to
pr
ovid
e be
st e
cono
mic
, com
mun
ity,
envi
ronm
ent
and
publ
ic h
ealth
ou
tcom
es fo
r lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es a
nd
the
stat
e an
d en
sure
the
ir im
pact
s ar
e no
t di
spro
port
iona
tely
felt
acro
ss
com
mun
ities
.
Targ
eted
info
rmat
ion
prov
ides
the
ev
iden
ce b
ase
to in
form
inte
grat
ed
stat
ewid
e w
aste
and
reso
urce
re
cove
ry in
fras
truc
ture
pla
nnin
g an
d in
vest
men
t at
the
sta
te, r
egio
nal
and
loca
l lev
els
by in
dust
ry, l
ocal
go
vern
men
t, w
aste
and
reso
urce
re
cove
ry g
roup
s, g
over
nmen
t ag
enci
es a
nd t
he b
road
er c
omm
unity
.
Shar
ed v
alue
sIn
pla
ying
its
role
in a
n in
tegr
ated
was
te m
anag
emen
t fra
mew
ork,
GVW
RRG
will
:•
faci
litat
e th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
par
tner
ship
s to
ach
ieve
sha
red
obje
ctiv
es•
lead
a c
ultu
re o
f con
tinuo
us im
prov
emen
t an
d pr
ofes
sion
alis
m•
be re
spon
sive
and
equ
itabl
e in
our
dea
lings
and
com
mun
icat
ion
• pr
ovid
e hi
gh q
ualit
y in
form
atio
n, fa
cilit
atio
n an
d ad
vice
.
Reg
iona
l st
rate
gic
obje
ctiv
es
Wha
t we
wan
t to
do d
iffer
ently
To m
axim
ise
dive
rsio
n of
re
cove
rabl
e m
ater
ials
from
land
fills
Res
ourc
e re
cove
ry w
ill b
e un
dert
aken
by
cou
ncils
and
indu
stry
whe
re it
is
eco
nom
ical
ly v
iabl
e an
d w
here
it
will
resu
lt in
bet
ter c
omm
unity
, en
viro
nmen
t and
pub
lic h
ealth
ou
tcom
es.
To s
uppo
rt in
crea
sed
reso
urce
re
cove
ry
Plan
ning
of n
ew la
ndfil
l airs
pace
, in
clud
ing
the
sche
dulin
g of
new
land
fill
site
s, w
ill b
e ba
sed
on:
• th
e vo
lum
es o
f res
idua
l was
te
stre
ams
rem
aini
ng a
fter
all
mat
eria
ls th
at c
an b
e re
cove
red
viab
ly h
ave
been
ext
ract
ed
• a
dem
onst
rate
d ne
ed fo
r add
ition
al
airs
pace
.
To a
chie
ve q
uant
ities
for
repr
oces
sing
Cons
olid
atio
n an
d ag
greg
atio
n of
m
ater
ial s
trea
ms
arou
nd h
ubs
will
be
unde
rtak
en if
: •
the
impa
cts
of s
uch
actio
ns a
re
unde
rsto
od a
nd th
ey a
ddre
ss a
st
rate
gic
oppo
rtun
ity•
pote
ntia
l com
mun
ity, e
nviro
nmen
t an
d pu
blic
hea
lth im
pact
s ar
e m
inim
ised
.
To m
anag
e w
aste
and
mat
eria
l st
ream
s
Suita
bly
loca
ted
and
zone
d la
nd w
ill
be m
ade
avai
labl
e fo
r the
mix
of
requ
ired
infr
astr
uctu
re.
To m
axim
ise
econ
omic
out
com
es
in th
e de
liver
y of
a re
gion
-wid
e ne
twor
k of
was
te a
nd re
sour
ce
reco
very
infr
astr
uctu
re
Dec
ision
mak
ing
fram
ewor
ks th
at
dete
rmin
e re
sour
ce re
cove
ry a
nd w
aste
m
anag
emen
t opt
ions
that
are
evi
denc
e ba
sed
and
use
appr
opria
te a
sses
smen
t cr
iteria
.
Inte
grat
ed p
lann
ing
and
deci
sion
m
akin
g w
ill b
e ca
pabl
e of
add
ress
ing
loca
l, re
gion
al a
nd s
tate
nee
ds.
13
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Reg
iona
l 10
yea
r ou
tcom
es
Wha
t will
be
diff
eren
t in
ten
year
s
Res
ourc
e re
cove
ry b
eing
prio
ritis
ed
whe
re it
is e
cono
mic
ally
via
ble
and
whe
re it
impr
oves
com
mun
ity,
envi
ronm
ent
and
publ
ic h
ealth
ou
tcom
es.
A g
reat
er e
mph
asis
bei
ng p
lace
d on
regi
onal
airs
pace
nee
ds a
nd
avai
labi
lity.
Indu
stry
act
ivel
y en
gage
d to
iden
tify
optio
ns fo
r th
e ta
sk o
f was
te a
nd
reso
urce
reco
very
whe
re a
ppro
pria
te.
App
ropr
iate
pla
nnin
g co
ntro
ls
appl
ied
to m
inim
ise
inco
mpa
tible
de
velo
pmen
t w
ithin
clo
se p
roxi
mity
of
was
te a
nd re
sour
ce re
cove
ry
faci
litie
s.
Act
ive
enco
urag
emen
t of
co
mpl
emen
tary
land
use
s an
d in
nova
tive
proc
esse
s th
at c
an
supp
ort
the
was
te a
nd re
sour
ce
reco
very
indu
stry
thr
ough
feed
stoc
k ge
nera
tion,
con
sum
ptio
n or
pro
duct
de
velo
pmen
t.
Targ
eted
info
rmat
ion
and
guid
ance
in
form
s ev
iden
ce b
ased
pla
nnin
g an
d in
vest
men
t op
port
uniti
es.
Proc
urem
ent
proc
esse
s fo
r w
aste
se
rvic
es d
emon
stra
ting
cons
iste
ncy
and
inte
grity
.
Equi
tabl
e ac
cess
to fa
cilit
ies
and
serv
ices
is b
eing
prio
ritis
ed.
Reg
ion
prio
rity
actio
ns1.
Incr
ease
div
ersi
on o
f ind
ustr
ial
was
te fr
om la
ndfil
ls.
2.
Faci
litat
e th
e in
crea
sed
reco
very
of
regi
onal
and
sta
te p
riorit
y m
ater
ials
.3.
W
ork
with
cou
ncils
and
indu
stry
to
inve
stig
ate
viab
le o
ptio
ns
to in
crea
se t
he re
cove
ry o
f ho
useh
old
and
com
mer
cial
food
an
d ga
rden
org
anic
s.
4.
Impr
ove
mar
ket
enga
gem
ent
tech
niqu
es a
nd le
ad a
sou
nd
anal
ysis
of v
iabl
e op
port
uniti
es to
m
axim
ise
reso
urce
reco
very
. 5.
B
uild
cap
acity
of l
andfi
ll op
erat
ors
to m
inim
ise
impa
cts
to t
he
com
mun
ity a
nd e
nviro
nmen
t po
sed
by t
he m
anag
emen
t of
resi
dual
w
aste
.
6.
Supp
ort
coun
cils
to d
evel
op w
aste
an
d re
sour
ce re
cove
ry p
lans
and
im
prov
ed p
ract
ices
for
reso
urce
re
cove
ry fa
cilit
ies.
7.
Faci
litat
e pa
rtne
rshi
ps w
ith
indu
stry
(se
rvic
e pr
ovid
ers
and
was
te g
ener
ator
s) a
nd c
ounc
ils
for
colle
ctio
n, p
roce
ssin
g an
d tr
ansp
ort
effici
enci
es.
8.
Supp
ort
com
mun
ity a
nd b
usin
ess
activ
ely
part
icip
atin
g in
dec
isio
n m
akin
g pr
oces
ses.
9.
Wor
k w
ith c
ounc
ils a
nd in
dust
ry
to b
ette
r in
tegr
ate
was
te
man
agem
ent
and
land
use
pl
anni
ng.
10. F
acili
tate
wor
k be
twee
n co
unci
ls a
nd th
e EP
A to
dev
elop
ap
prop
riate
risk
-bas
ed a
ppro
ache
s fo
r reh
abili
tatio
n of
clo
sed
land
fills
.
11.
Res
earc
h lo
cal a
nd re
gion
al
econ
omic
dev
elop
men
t in
fluen
ces
in o
rder
to a
chie
ve a
ppro
pria
te
proc
urem
ent
outc
omes
. 12
. Con
sult
with
indu
stry
and
cou
ncils
to
info
rm in
fras
truc
ture
and
m
arke
t de
velo
pmen
t ne
eds
and
prio
ritie
s.
13. I
mpl
emen
t da
ta c
olle
ctio
n an
d re
port
ing
met
hods
tha
t en
hanc
e an
d su
ppor
t w
aste
and
reso
urce
re
cove
ry d
ecis
ion
mak
ing.
Econ
omic
dev
elop
men
tTh
e ov
erw
helm
ing
maj
ority
of r
esid
ents
(99
%)
belie
ve g
ener
atin
g m
ore
loca
l em
ploy
men
t in
the
regi
on w
as e
ither
ver
y im
port
ant
(90
%)
or im
port
ant
(9%
). S
uppo
rt (
out
of 10
) fo
r th
e to
p th
ree
(of s
ix)
hypo
thet
ical
was
te m
anag
emen
t pr
opos
als
to d
rive
empl
oym
ent:
• w
as h
ighe
st fo
r in
nova
tive
new
tech
nolo
gy to
redu
ce la
ndfil
l and
incr
ease
recy
clin
g (8
.8)
• lo
cal w
aste
pro
cess
ing
plan
ts (
8.4)
• es
tabl
ishi
ng a
loca
l res
ourc
e re
cove
ry c
entr
e (8
.3).
GVW
RR
G C
omm
unity
Eng
agem
ent S
urve
y, W
allis
, 20
15
14
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
3.1 A
ctio
n pl
an a
nd p
erfo
rman
ce in
dica
tors
Tabl
e 3
Act
ion
plan
and
per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs
ACT
ION
ALI
GN
MEN
T TO
STR
ATEG
IC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
IMPL
EMEN
TATI
ON
KPI
IND
ICAT
OR
Des
crip
tion
Obj
ectiv
e
Draft GV implementation
plan
State infrastructure
plan
Stak
ehol
ders
Tim
efra
me
1.In
crea
se d
iver
sion
of
indu
stria
l was
te fr
om
land
fills
To in
vest
igat
e th
e vi
abili
ty o
f pre
-sor
t in
fras
truc
ture
at
land
fills
in t
he re
gion
1, 3,
51,
3, 5
GV
WR
RG
, ind
ustr
y,
coun
cils
, SV
6 20
16-2
017
• R
ecov
ery
of in
dust
rial w
aste
• Le
vera
ge s
tate
wid
e fu
ndin
g pr
ogra
ms
for
infr
astr
uctu
re o
r ot
her
fund
ing
attr
acte
d ($
)
• V
icto
rian
Rec
yclin
g In
dust
ry A
nnua
l Sur
vey
data
To in
vest
igat
e fu
ndin
g op
port
uniti
es to
sup
port
w
aste
aud
its a
nd s
uita
ble
infr
astr
uctu
re fo
r in
crea
sed
indu
stria
l was
te re
cove
ry b
oth
at s
ourc
e an
d la
ndfil
l pre
-sor
t
GV
WR
RG
, ind
ustr
y,
coun
cils
, SV
2017
+
2.Fa
cilit
ate
the
incr
ease
d re
cove
ry o
f reg
iona
l and
st
ate
prio
rity
mat
eria
ls
To in
vest
igat
e op
port
uniti
es to
incr
ease
re
proc
essi
ng o
f reg
iona
l prio
rity
mat
eria
ls
incl
udin
g:
• w
ood
and
timbe
r w
aste
• pl
astic
s•
aggr
egat
es, m
ason
ry a
nd s
oil
• te
xtile
s•
tyre
s an
d st
ockp
iles
• e-
was
te
1, 3,
51,
3, 5
GV
WR
RG
, ind
ustr
y,
coun
cils
, SV
2017
- 2
019
• In
crea
sed
reco
very
of r
egio
nal
and
stat
e pr
iorit
y m
ater
ials
(t
onne
s an
d %
)•
RW
RR
D d
ata
base
line
To in
vest
igat
e re
proc
essi
ng o
ptio
ns fo
r ot
her
prio
rity
mat
eria
ls in
the
Vic
toria
n M
arke
t D
evel
opm
ent
Stra
tegy
GV
WR
RG
, ind
ustr
y,
coun
cils
, SV
2019
+
6 Su
stai
nabi
lity
Vic
toria
15
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
ACT
ION
ALI
GN
MEN
T TO
STR
ATEG
IC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
IMPL
EMEN
TATI
ON
KPI
IND
ICAT
OR
3.W
ork
with
cou
ncils
and
in
dust
ry to
inve
stig
ate
viab
le o
ptio
ns to
in
crea
se t
he re
cove
ry
of h
ouse
hold
and
co
mm
erci
al fo
od a
nd
gard
en o
rgan
ics
To s
uppo
rt c
ounc
ils to
con
side
r an
d ex
pand
or
gani
cs re
cove
ry
1, 3,
4, 5
1, 3,
4, 5
Cou
ncils
, GV
WR
RG
, SV
2017
+
• In
crea
sed
reco
very
of h
ouse
hold
fo
od a
nd g
arde
n or
gani
cs
(ton
nes
and
%)
• In
crea
sed
com
mer
cial
food
re
cove
ry (
tonn
es a
nd %
)
• C
ounc
il da
ta s
urve
y yi
elds
• R
esid
ual g
arba
ge a
udit
resu
lts, a
gain
st h
isto
ric
data
20
07, 2
010
, 20
16•
Esta
blis
h ba
selin
e da
ta
thro
ugh
audi
ts•
Vic
toria
n R
ecyc
ling
Indu
stry
Ann
ual S
urve
y da
ta
To s
uppo
rt c
ounc
ils a
nd in
dust
ry to
iden
tify
suita
ble
expa
nsio
n of
exi
stin
g fa
cilit
ies
or
new
faci
litie
s fo
r ga
rden
and
food
org
anic
s re
proc
essi
ng
Cou
ncils
, ind
ustr
y G
VW
RR
G, S
V20
17+
To in
vest
igat
e op
port
uniti
es to
link
bus
ines
s w
ith
exis
ting
food
reco
very
col
lect
ion
serv
ice
prov
ider
sC
ounc
ils, G
VW
RR
G,
SV, i
ndus
try
2016
-20
17
4.Im
prov
e m
arke
t en
gage
men
t te
chni
ques
an
d le
ad a
sou
nd a
naly
sis
of v
iabl
e op
port
uniti
es
to m
axim
ise
reso
urce
re
cove
ry
To u
nder
take
ear
ly e
ngag
emen
t w
ith in
dust
ry
stak
ehol
ders
to o
btai
n ac
cura
te re
gist
ratio
ns o
f pr
oces
sing
cap
acity
2, 5
2, 5
GV
WR
RG
, SV,
co
unci
ls, i
ndus
try
2018
-20
19•
Mar
ket
enga
gem
ent
part
icip
atio
n –
num
ber
of
part
icip
ants
• Va
lue
of in
vest
men
t pr
opos
ed
($)
• A
dditi
onal
reso
urce
reco
very
id
entifi
ed (
tonn
es)
• M
arke
t so
undi
ng re
sult
(20
15 b
asel
ine)
To u
nder
take
a ro
bust
eva
luat
ion
of s
ubm
issi
ons
to t
he m
arke
t en
gage
men
t pr
oces
s to
mee
t th
e re
gion
’s g
row
ing
capa
city
nee
dsG
VW
RR
G, S
V,
coun
cils
, ind
ustr
y20
19+
5.B
uild
cap
acity
of
land
fill o
pera
tors
to
min
imis
e im
pact
s to
th
e co
mm
unity
and
en
viro
nmen
t po
sed
by
the
man
agem
ent
of
resi
dual
was
te
To in
vest
igat
e ac
cess
ible
and
app
ropr
iate
ha
ndlin
g an
d di
spos
al o
ptio
ns fo
r as
best
os w
aste
m
anag
emen
t in
the
regi
on
2, 5
2, 5
EPA
, cou
ncils
, G
VW
RR
G, i
ndus
try
2016
-20
17•
Cou
ncils
par
ticip
atin
g in
do
mes
tic a
sbes
tos
disp
osal
pr
ogra
m (
num
ber)
1
• N
umbe
r an
d va
lue
of s
ite
upgr
ades
und
erta
ken
from
re
gion
al fa
cilit
y pr
iorit
isat
ion
regi
ster
• Le
vera
ge s
tate
wid
e fu
ndin
g pr
ogra
ms
for
infr
astr
uctu
re o
r ot
her
fund
ing
attr
acte
d ($
)
• A
nnua
l per
form
ance
To w
ork
with
mun
icip
al e
mer
genc
y m
anag
emen
t ,
land
fill o
pera
tors
and
sta
te a
utho
ritie
s to
dev
elop
m
echa
nism
s to
app
ropr
iate
ly m
anag
e w
aste
du
ring
and
afte
r em
erge
ncy
and
bios
ecur
ity
even
ts
Cou
ncils
, GV
WR
RG
, EP
A, E
mer
genc
y M
anag
emen
t V
icto
ria, i
ndus
try
2017
-20
18
6.Su
ppor
t co
unci
ls to
de
velo
p w
aste
and
re
sour
ce re
cove
ry p
lans
an
d im
prov
ed p
ract
ices
fo
r re
sour
ce re
cove
ry
faci
litie
s
To a
ssis
t co
unci
ls to
revi
ew a
nd t
heir
was
te a
nd
reso
urce
reco
very
pla
ns to
ens
ure
alig
nmen
t w
ith
GV
impl
emen
tatio
n pl
an a
nd s
tate
infr
astr
uctu
re
plan
3, 5
3, 6
Cou
ncils
, SV,
W
RR
Gs
2017
+•
Cou
ncil
was
te a
nd re
sour
ce
reco
very
pla
ns t
hat
alig
n w
ith G
V
impl
emen
tatio
n pl
an (
num
ber)
• R
RC
s de
mon
stra
ting
best
pr
actic
e st
anda
rds
(num
ber)
• Im
prov
emen
t ag
ains
t G
VW
RR
G R
egio
nal
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Ass
essm
ent
repo
rt 2
014
, SM
EC r
ural
and
regi
onal
R
RC
20
14
To in
vest
igat
e pr
iorit
y up
grad
es a
t fa
cilit
ies
to
supp
ort
impr
oved
pra
ctic
esC
ounc
ils, G
VW
RR
G20
16-2
017
To id
entif
y fu
ndin
g op
port
uniti
es to
upg
rade
fa
cilit
ies
and
supp
ort
impr
oved
pra
ctic
esG
VW
RR
G, c
ounc
ils,
SV20
18+
16
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
ACT
ION
ALI
GN
MEN
T TO
STR
ATEG
IC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
IMPL
EMEN
TATI
ON
KPI
IND
ICAT
OR
7.Fa
cilit
ate
part
ners
hips
w
ith in
dust
ry (
serv
ice
prov
ider
s an
d w
aste
ge
nera
tors
) an
d co
unci
ls
for
colle
ctio
n, p
roce
ssin
g an
d tr
ansp
ort
effici
enci
es
To re
view
pas
t co
llabo
rativ
e pr
ocur
emen
t pr
oces
ses
33
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, in
dust
ry20
16-2
017
• D
evel
opm
ent
of G
VW
RR
G
proc
urem
ent
plan
• D
eliv
ery
of c
ounc
il tr
aini
ng
pack
age
• Pr
e an
d po
st s
urve
ys o
f pa
rtic
ipan
t co
mpe
tenc
e
To id
entif
y pr
ocur
emen
t op
tions
to m
axim
ise
was
te a
nd re
sour
ce re
cove
ryG
VW
RR
G, c
ounc
ils,
indu
stry
2017
-20
18
To fa
cilit
ate
trai
ning
opp
ortu
nitie
s to
sup
port
im
prov
ed p
rocu
rem
ent
prac
tices
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, in
dust
ry, S
V20
17+
To s
uppo
rt re
sear
ch a
nd d
emon
stra
tion
of
inno
vativ
e te
chno
logi
es a
nd m
ater
ial h
andl
ing
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, in
dust
ry, S
V20
17+
8.Su
ppor
t co
mm
unity
an
d bu
sine
ss a
ctiv
ely
part
icip
atin
g in
dec
isio
n m
akin
g pr
oces
ses
To b
uild
aw
aren
ess
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
w
aste
and
reso
urce
reco
very
net
wor
k am
ong
all
stak
ehol
ders
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, in
dust
ry a
nd
com
mun
ity20
18-2
019
• In
crea
sed
awar
enes
s an
d un
ders
tand
ing
of t
he w
aste
and
re
sour
ce re
cove
ry n
etw
ork
• N
umbe
r of
inte
grat
ed w
aste
m
anag
emen
t co
nsul
tatio
n ac
tiviti
es w
ith c
omm
unity
• Im
prov
emen
t ag
ains
t co
mm
unity
sur
vey
2015
ba
selin
e
To s
uppo
rt t
he lo
cal d
eliv
ery
of t
he V
icto
rian
Com
mun
ity a
nd B
usin
ess
Educ
atio
n St
rate
gy
4, 5
4, 6
GV
WR
G, c
ounc
ils,
indu
stry
, com
mun
ity20
18+
To a
sses
s op
tions
for
grea
ter
part
icip
atio
n in
was
te
man
agem
ent
and
reso
urce
reco
very
pla
nnin
g an
d de
cisi
on m
akin
g
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, in
dust
ry20
18+
To s
uppo
rt re
latio
nshi
ps a
nd p
artn
ersh
ips
to
influ
ence
bes
t pr
actic
e lit
ter
prev
entio
nG
VW
RG
, cou
ncils
, in
dust
ry, c
omm
unity
2018
+
9.W
ork
with
cou
ncils
an
d in
dust
ry to
bet
ter
inte
grat
e w
aste
m
anag
emen
t an
d la
nd
use
plan
ning
To m
eet
with
cou
ncils
to fa
cilit
ate
a pr
oces
s w
here
W
RR
Gs
play
a ro
le in
new
was
te a
nd re
sour
ce
reco
very
infr
astr
uctu
re a
pplic
atio
ns
44
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, SV
, DEL
WP,
EPA
2017
-20
18•
Num
ber
of in
tegr
ated
was
te
man
agem
ent
cons
ulta
tion
activ
ities
with
indu
stry
• N
umbe
r of
inte
grat
ed w
aste
m
anag
emen
t•
Con
sulta
tion
activ
ities
with
co
unci
l pla
nnin
g de
part
men
ts•
Incr
ease
d ap
prec
iatio
n of
in
tegr
ated
was
te m
anag
emen
t
• Pr
e an
d po
st s
urve
ys o
f pa
rtic
ipan
ts
Mee
t w
ith c
ounc
ils a
nd in
dust
ry to
dis
cuss
m
anag
emen
t of
site
buff
ers
for
exis
ting
and
futu
re
faci
litie
s w
ith a
focu
s on
sta
te a
nd re
gion
al h
ubs
of
impo
rtan
ce
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, SV
, DEL
WP,
indu
stry
2017
–20
19
To s
uppo
rt in
dust
ry a
nd c
ounc
ils to
iden
tify
poss
ible
site
s fo
r ne
w re
sour
ce re
cove
ry
infr
astr
uctu
re
Indu
stry
, cou
ncils
, G
VW
RR
G20
17+
17
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
ACT
ION
ALI
GN
MEN
T TO
STR
ATEG
IC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
IMPL
EMEN
TATI
ON
KPI
IND
ICAT
OR
10.
Faci
litat
e w
ork
betw
een
coun
cils
and
the
EPA
to
deve
lop
appr
opria
te r
isk-
base
d ap
proa
ches
for
reha
bilit
atio
n of
clo
sed
land
fills
To s
uppo
rt w
orks
hops
, wor
king
gro
ups
and
deve
lopm
ent
of g
uide
lines
for
clos
ed la
ndfil
ls
44
EPA
, cou
ncils
, G
VW
RR
G20
17+
• Fa
cilit
ate
a ris
k-ba
sed
appr
oach
th
at is
agr
eed
betw
een
coun
cils
an
d EP
A
• To
tal n
umbe
r on
clo
sed
land
fill i
nven
tory
• A
ppro
pria
tely
man
aged
/EP
A a
ppro
ved
reha
bilit
atio
n
Faci
litat
e w
ork
betw
een
coun
cils
and
EPA
to
deve
lop
a ris
k as
sess
men
t fo
r cl
osed
land
fills
GV
WR
RG
, EPA
, co
unci
ls20
17-2
019
Faci
litat
e w
ork
betw
een
coun
cils
and
EPA
to a
ssis
t w
ith t
he d
evel
opm
ent
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
st
rate
gies
for
clos
ed la
ndfil
ls
Cou
ncils
GV
WR
RG
, EP
A20
18-2
021
11.
Res
earc
h lo
cal a
nd
regi
onal
eco
nom
ic
deve
lopm
ent
influ
ence
s in
ord
er to
ach
ieve
ap
prop
riate
pro
cure
men
t ou
tcom
es
To u
nder
take
an
econ
omic
ben
efit
asse
ssm
ent
of
was
te a
nd re
sour
ce re
cove
ry in
the
regi
on
3, 5
3, 5
GV
WR
RG
, ind
ustr
y,
coun
cils
2016
-20
17
• Ec
onom
ic b
enefi
ts a
sses
smen
t•
Net
env
ironm
enta
l ben
efit
of
reso
urce
reco
very
act
ivity
• Es
tabl
ish
2016
bas
elin
e,
mid
term
and
10 y
ear
To im
plem
ent
reco
mm
enda
tions
from
the
ec
onom
ic b
enefi
ts a
naly
sis
to a
chie
ve o
ptim
al
proc
urem
ent
outc
omes
GV
WR
RG
, ind
ustr
y,
coun
cils
, SV
2017
+
12.
Con
sult
with
indu
stry
an
d co
unci
ls to
info
rm
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd m
arke
t de
velo
pmen
t ne
eds
and
prio
ritie
s
To in
itiat
e di
scus
sion
s an
d pr
ovid
e lin
kage
s be
twee
n w
aste
gen
erat
ors
and
avai
labl
e se
rvic
e an
d fa
cilit
y pr
ovid
ers
1, 3,
51,
3, 5
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, in
dust
ry20
17-2
018
• N
umbe
r of
cro
ss s
ecto
ral
part
ners
hips
faci
litat
ed•
Cos
t be
nefit
of r
esou
rce
reco
very
si
tes
com
plet
ed•
Tonn
es o
f rec
over
y en
able
d
• A
nnua
l per
form
ance
To le
ad a
regi
onal
str
ateg
y re
view
of c
ounc
il R
RC
s in
con
side
ratio
n of
all
cost
s an
d be
nefit
s G
VW
RR
G, c
ounc
ils20
18-2
019
To fa
cilit
ate
alte
rnat
e so
lutio
ns w
here
cou
ncils
se
eks
to re
duce
the
ir ro
le a
s de
faul
t pr
ovid
er o
f w
aste
and
reso
urce
reco
very
faci
litie
s
Cou
ncils
, GV
WR
RG
, in
dust
ry20
17+
13.
Impl
emen
t da
ta
colle
ctio
n an
d re
port
ing
met
hods
tha
t en
hanc
e an
d su
ppor
t w
aste
an
d re
sour
ce re
cove
ry
deci
sion
mak
ing
To in
vest
igat
e re
gion
al d
ata
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
s th
at
are
alig
ned
with
the
stat
ewid
e da
ta c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
55
GV
WR
RG
, SV,
co
unci
ls20
16-2
017
• A
dopt
ion
of e
nhan
ced
data
co
llect
ion
and
man
agem
ent
syst
ems
(num
ber
site
s/co
unci
ls)
• A
nnua
l per
form
ance
To w
ork
with
cou
ncils
to im
plem
ent
the
data
co
llect
ion
syst
emCo
uncil
s, SV
, GVW
RRG
, EP
A, D
ELW
P20
17+
To id
entif
y fu
ndin
g op
port
uniti
es to
pur
chas
e so
ftw
are/
hard
war
e, t
rain
ope
rato
rs in
tegr
ate
syst
ems
GV
WR
RG
, cou
ncils
, SV
2017
+
1 Not
e th
e do
mes
tic a
sbes
tos
disp
osal
pro
gram
incl
udes
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
infr
astr
uctu
re, d
evel
opm
ent
of p
roce
dure
s to
be
used
at
RR
Cs,
tra
inin
g of
sta
ff a
nd c
omm
unity
aw
aren
ess.
Par
ticip
atin
g R
RC
s m
ust
mee
t oc
cupa
tiona
l hea
lth a
nd s
afet
y re
quire
men
ts a
nd c
olle
ct d
ata
on t
he p
erfo
rman
ce o
f the
pro
gram
.
18
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
19 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
4 The state of waste in the Goulburn Valley region
4.1 Overview of the region
The GVWRR region (Figure 5) is located in the central north of Victoria and has a total area of over 21,000 square kilometres. It is spread across six council areas ranging from the urban fringe abutting metropolitan Melbourne to rural areas bordering the Murray River and southern New South Wales. It is incredibly diverse, ranging from the rapidly growing residential fringes of Melbourne to regional centres and more rural areas.
4.1.1 Population and demographics
The region includes key population centres such as Alexandra, Cobram, Echuca, Seymour and Shepparton. The total population from the last Census in 2011 was over 185,000 with Greater Shepparton home to the largest population of nearly 62,000 residents and Strathbogie the smallest with just under 10,000 residents. Table 4 shows the projected population to 2031 based on the 2011 Census.
Waste generation
While population growth is a major driver of how much waste is generated, there are many other factors contributing to how much and what waste is generated, such as economic conditions, manufacturing and community behaviour.
Table 4 Municipality population 2011 and projected 2016-31
Council 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 Increase 2016-31
Campaspe 36,869 36,955 37,705 38,660 39,585 2,716 7%
Greater Shepparton 61,766 64,803 69,016 73,343 77,974 16,208 26%
Mitchell 35,068 40,732 51,590 67,864 86,038 50,970 145%
Moira 28,406 29,155 29,944 30,791 31,665 3,259 11%
Murrindindi 13,324 13,713 14,372 15,127 16,161 2,837 21%
Strathbogie 9,601 9,938 10,308 10,699 11,108 1,507 16%
Total 185,034 195,296 212,935 236,484 262,531 77,497 42%
Source: Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (2014) Victoria in the Future – Population and Household Projections
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 20
Figure 5 Municipalities in the Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Region
Source: Sustainability Victoria
• Campaspe Shire Council• Greater Shepparton City Council• Mitchell Shire Council• Moira Shire Council• Murrindindi Shire Council • Strathbogie Shire Council
21 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
The total regional population is forecast to increase by 42% to 262,531 between 2011 and 2031, with the most significant increase in the Mitchell Shire, located on Melbourne’s growth fringe, of 145%, followed by the City of Greater Shepparton at 26% for the period. In terms of age, around 20% of the population is aged under 15 years and just over 17% 65 years or over.
Mitchell, the region’s fastest growing municipality
Mitchell is predicted to experience the highest:• non-metropolitan, and second highest overall
population change, between 2011 and 2031 in Victoria
• regional annual growth rate of 4.6%, almost double the next closest
• proportion of 0-19 year olds of all Victorian councils.
It is also predicted to be second, behind Geelong, in absolute population growth with 51,000 additional people.
Mitchell Shire and Greater Shepparton’s age structure is significantly younger, with high proportions of children and young adults compared to the other populations. In contrast just over 25% of Strathbogie Shire’s residents are over 65 years, compared to 17% for the region, and will increase to nearly 35% by 2031.
4.1.2 Regional profile
The Goulburn Valley produces around 25% of the value of Victoria’s agricultural production7. Industries important to the region include dairy, viticulture, fruit growing and other agriculture, as well as nature-based tourism. There are large areas of irrigated dairy farming, vegetable production and broadacre cropping, which contribute to the large number of food and dairy processing manufacturers and supporting businesses active in the region.
4.1.3 Land use and major industries
Figure 6 shows land use in the region with key features: • it is predominately agricultural • Strathbogie Shire has the highest proportion of agricultural
land (98.4%)• Mitchell Shire the highest share of residential land (8.8%) • almost half (42.9%) of Murrindindi Shire’s land area is
parkland due to a number of State Forests in the area.
Image above: Baled wheat straw near Dookie.
7 Regional Development Victoria 2015
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 22
Figure 6 Goulburn Valley region land use distribution, 2011
Source: Demographic and economic profile of the Goulburn Valley region, .id, 2015
Parkland16%
Agricultural81%
Residential 2.26% Water
0.47%
The Gross Regional Product (GRP) of the Goulburn Valley region was $7.4 billion in 2014, or 11.7% of the total regional Victorian GRP of $63.8b. GRP has increased by approximately $400m since 2011, with an annual growth rate of 1.8%, double the regional Victorian average of 0.9%. In 2014 there were 19,257 local businesses, down slightly from 19,752 in 2011.
Nearly one third (30%) of the businesses in the region are in the agricultural, forestry and fishing industries and 16% are in the construction industry, together accounting for nearly half (46%) of all businesses (Table 5). This reflects key features of the region with food production in the north and rapid residential expansion on Melbourne’s fringe in the south.
The total value of the wide variety of agricultural produce grown in the region is $1.87 billion. In Greater Shepparton fruit is the main produce compared to livestock and grain crops in Campaspe Shire and Moira Shire.
Just under a third of all businesses are located in Greater Shepparton. Together, Greater Shepparton and Campaspe Shire are home to 50% of the region’s agricultural businesses. Mitchell Shire has a very high number of construction businesses, driven by the residential growth occurring in the area.
23 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Table 5 Number of businesses by industry in the region, 2011 and 2014
Industry 2011 % of total 2014 % of total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 5,847 30% 5,647 29%
Construction 3,255 16% 3,094 16%
Retail trade 1,232 6% 1,131 6%
Transport, postal and warehousing 1,186 6% 1,135 6%
Rental, hiring and real estate services 1,551 8% 1,548 8%
Professional, scientific and technical services 1,038 5% 1,061 6%
Subtotal and % of total businesses 14,109 71% 13,616 71%
Total businesses 19,752 19,257
Source: Demographic and economic profile of the Goulburn Valley region, .id, 2015
The top five industries in employment terms in the region are agriculture, forestry and fishing (10.2%), manufacturing (12.6%), construction (9.0%), retail trade (11.1%) and healthcare and social assistance (12.1%).
Major employers in the region are focussed on food product manufacturing and supporting industries.
4.2 Data sources, limitations and handling
Please see Appendix 3 for a list of major data sources, major data assumptions and definitions and infrastructure categories for data collection.
This plan is based on all available data, but there are limitations in the availability and quality of the data.
The three main data sources for the draft GV implementation plan are:• Sustainability Victoria’s Regional Waste and Resource
Recovery Database (RWRRD) that included several data sets.
• Survey and analysis of regional reprocessors and material recovery facility operators: Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group regional report conducted by Sustainable Resource Use for Sustainability Victoria, 2015.
• Goulburn Valley Infrastructure capacity and needs assessment, Blue Environment, 2015.
GVWRRG collected the data from councils and Sustainability Victoria collected reprocessor data. Sustainability Victoria is the custodian of all of the data. Sustainability Victoria’s RWRRD records statewide information on waste and material streams sourced from EPA landfill levy records, surveys of reprocessors and other statewide information. Data on the waste and material streams managed in the Goulburn Valley region was extracted from RWRRD and relies on the reliability and validity of the source data.
A key limitation of the RWRRD extrapolated data for the Goulburn Valley region is that it is based on 2013-14 data and does not include the current recovery of food and garden organics and data from existing reprocessors identified through the market sounding. Table 6 shows the start dates and details of kerbside organics collections for three of the six regional councils that would not be included in the 2013-14 data. The Goulburn Valley Infrastructure capacity and needs assessment8 data also does not include actual recovery of food and garden as it was conducted in 2015.
Relationship between population demographics and land use with waste
The structure and growth rates of the population in the region impacts on both waste generation rates and demand for waste and resource recovery infrastructure. The rapid residential development in Mitchell Shire creates: • construction waste to be recovered or landfilled • packaging waste as people move into their new
homes• ongoing demand for RRCs for non-kerbside
collected materials.
The types of industries in the region also impact on waste generation and demand for waste and resource recovery infrastructure. Opportunities include:• Greater recovery of agricultural plastics.• Working with food manufacturers and food
wholesalers to recover food waste, including from out of date and out of specification foods, and recyclable packaging. There are currently significant flows into the region from across the state.
• Establishing industrial waste sorting facilities to increase recovery.
8 Conducted by Blue Environment
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 24
Table 6 Council household organics collection start dates
Council Collection start date Comments
Moira Shire 8 December 2014 Introduced food and garden collection
Strathbogie Shire 1 July 2015 Introduced food and garden collection
Greater Shepparton 1 November 2015 Changed from opt-out garden collection to compulsory food and garden collection
Mitchell Shire 2017/18 Currently assessing implementation options
Additional limitations include:• With the exception of the State Environment Protection
Policy requirement for councils to provide specific kerbside recycling information, data reporting in Victoria is not mandatory. Councils voluntarily report landfill, kerbside and litter data through Sustainability Victoria’s Victorian Annual Local Government Data Survey.
• Sustainability Victoria also produces the Victorian Recycling Industry Annual Survey that relies on reprocessors voluntarily submitting data on their activities.
• Time lags in data collection, analysis and release. • Sustainability Victoria estimates that data was available for
91% of reprocessors in the region (collected through the regional reprocessor survey and from other existing sources) giving a reasonably robust view of facilities. However, the quantity of materials managed by those 9% is unknown.
It is expected that the quantity and quality of data will be greatly improved through the Waste Data Governance Framework to be delivered by Sustainability Victoria as part of the Framework. These improvements will be evident in the mid-term review.
4.2.1 Reprocessor data
There were 20 reprocessors identified for the Sustainability Victoria Survey of Reprocessors conducted in 20159. Three additional reprocessors responded to the Market Sounding Process. Therefore there are a total of 23 known reprocessors in the region and they have been included in the Infrastructure Schedule (Section 8 Part A).
It is acknowledged that additional unidentified reprocessors that did not respond to the market sounding, may exist in the region and can provide input through this consultation process.
4.2.2 Data rounding
Due to modelling, aggregated data and the need to maintain commercial-in-confidence, data is modelled and rounded to the nearest thousand:• under 10,000 to the closest 1000• under 1000 to the closest 100• under 100 to 100.
4.2.3 Data collection and handling
Sustainability Victoria’s RWRRD provides a consistent data collection methodology for all of the WRRGS to achieve consistent plans across the state.
A range of processes were established to ensure data protection that included: • Confidentiality of commercially sensitive information was
achieved through signed agreements between GVWRRG and councils or Sustainability Victoria and reprocessors.
• Protection of personal information was achieved through compiling data based on material categories and not business categories and consolidating data to protect exposing confidential data. This was stored in the RWRRD in an internal secure folder that could only be accessed by authorised individuals.
• Obtaining consent for disclosure of information in surveys and consultation with councils and reprocessors between GVWRRG or Sustainable Resource Use Pty Ltd, who conducted the reprocessor survey on behalf of Sustainability Victoria, as appropriate.
• Maintaining security of commercial-in-confidence information the RWRRD in an internal secure folder that could only be accessed by authorised individuals.
9 Survey and analysis of regional reprocessors and material recovery facility operators: Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group regional report by Sustainable Resource Use for Sustainability Victoria, 2015
25 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
4.3 Waste generated and managed in the region4.3.1 Waste generated in the Goulburn Valley regionIn 2013-14, around10 387,000 tonnes of waste and recovered materials were generated in the region. About 255,000 tonnes (66%) was recovered and around 132,000 tonnes, (34%) was landfilled11.
4.3.2 Source sector of materials generated
Table 7 shows the estimated tonnes of materials generated, recovered and landfilled for each of the three sectors. Construction and demolition (C&D) has the highest recovery rate at 81% followed by 67% for commercial and industrial (C&I) and 41% for municipal solid waste (MSW). This highlights the challenge to remove organics and other recyclables from household garbage bins to recover this valuable material and divert it from landfill. The C&I sector also provides opportunities to increase the recovery rate, particularly with food waste and commingled recyclables.
Table 7 Sector breakdown of material generated in the region, tonnes, 2013-14
Generated Recovered Landfilled Recovery rate
MSW 96,000 40,000 57,000 41%
C&I 145,000 97,000 47,000 67%
C&D 146,000 118,000 28,000 81%
Total 387,000 255,000 132,000 66%
Source: Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database v3; waste and resource recovery data provided by Sustainability Victoria
Table 8 Breakdown of materials reprocessed in the region, 2013-14
Reprocessed materials Tonnes
Organics food and garden 42,000
Organics wood/timber and other 30,000
Plastics 3,000
Paper/cardboard 2,400
Metals 3,200
Aggregates, masonry and soil 4,400
Total 85,000
Source: Survey and analysis of regional reprocessors and material recovery facility operators: Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group regional report by Sustainable Resource Use for Sustainability Victoria, 2015
4.3.3 Materials reprocessed in the region
The data for materials reprocessed in the region is derived from regional reprocessors who completed surveys. This includes waste flows into the region for reprocessing (Section 4.3.5).
It is estimated that nearly 85,000 tonnes of materials are reprocessed in the region (Table 8). The highest material category reprocessed is organics food and garden at nearly 42,000 tonnes, followed by reprocessed wood/timber and other organics at over 30,000 tonnes. The other material categories represent small proportions of the materials reprocessed in the region.
10 Data is modelled and rounded to the nearest thousand (>10,000 closest 1000, <1000 closest 100, <100 = 100)11 Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database v3; waste and resource recovery data provided by Sustainability Victoria
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 26
4.3.4 Waste disposed to landfill
Of the estimated 387,000 tonnes of waste generated in the region in 2013-14, it is estimated around 132,000 tonnes (or 34%) of material generated was landfilled. In addition over 30,000 tonnes of materials flow into the region’s landfills bringing the total to about 162,000 tonnes landfilled.
Figure 7 Indicative composition of MSW, C&I and C&D material entering Goulburn Valley landfills, 2013-14
Source: Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database v3; waste and resource recovery data provided by Sustainability Victoria
Food 22%
Garden 6%
Wood/timber 7%
Paper/cardboard 12%
Glass 2% Plastics 10%
Metals 2%
Aggregates masonry & soil 22%
Textiles 4%
Other 14%
Figure 7 shows the indicative composition of materials landfilled with aggregates, masonry and soil, and food the two largest material categories (each 22%). Together food and garden material categories are estimated to make up 28% and, when wood/timber is added, this increases to a total of over a third (35%) of all materials landfilled. Other recyclable material categories were paper/cardboard (12%) and plastics (10%). This indicates that nearly 60% of materials landfilled are potentially recyclable.
27 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
4.3.5 Waste flows into and out of the region
The state infrastructure plan identified the need to further assess the quantities and impact of the movement of material streams across the border of New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria. Analysis found evidence that approximately 50,000 tonnes of materials, predominantly residual waste, is transported from Victoria to landfills in NSW, likely to be influenced by lower gate fees in NSW and longer distances to transport to appropriate landfills in Victoria. There was also evidence that some materials entered Victoria from NSW for reprocessing.
While these tonnes may not be significant to the state system, they do impact on ours and other regions along the NSW–Victoria border.
Research undertaken to prepare the draft GV implementation plan identified additional information about tonnes of materials flowing into and out of the region. It is estimated that about 52,000 tonnes flow into and 40,000 tonnes flows out of the region. Due to commercial confidentiality we can only provide general information about these flows to ensure we do not identify individual reprocessors.
Reprocessing flows into the region include:• organics from predominantly the north east and
metropolitan regions and possibly other areas in Victoria• plastics from the metropolitan region and NSW and
possible other areas in Victoria• commingled recyclables from household kerbside
collections including paper, cardboard, plastic and metals from the Loddon Mallee region.
Disposal to landfill flows into the region are from the Loddon Mallee and North East regions.
Flows out of the region from resource recovery centres (RRCs), materials recovery facility (MRF), reprocessors and kerbside recycling, include:• paper/cardboard to the metropolitan region• glass to the metropolitan region• plastics to the metropolitan region, interstate and overseas.
However it must be noted that there is limited data available as it relies on voluntary sharing and some reprocessors are reluctant due to commercial concerns. There is no e-waste processing in the region but there is limited information available on flows of e-waste out of the region.
There is data available from councils on the materials flows out of the region from kerbside contracts as shown in Table 9. These contracts will expire during the decade of the GV implementation plan and there may be some opportunities to explore keeping the materials in the region.
There are also a number of reprocessors on the NSW border that accept timber and plastics for reprocessing from the region but there is limited data for these material flows.
In summary, the exact amount of material leaving and entering the region is difficult to quantify as businesses and reprocessors were reluctant to share commercially sensitive data, possibly given this is the first time this state government, council and industry planning approach has been attempted. MSW data is easier to trace through council contracts. Establishing and building on the C&I and C&D relationships to improve the confidence to provide the data for mutual benefit to underpin long term planning is a priority for GVWRRG (see Action 13).
Table 9 Major infrastructure located in other regions servicing Goulburn Valley
Infrastructure type Location Material streams managed Contracted until Extension option
MRF Wangaratta Household recyclables 1 July 2016 + 3 years
MRF Melbourne Household recyclables 30 June 2024
1 November 2023
+ 1 year
+1.9 year
Landfill Benalla Household garbage 30 June 2024 + 1 year
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 28
4.4 Future projections of waste generated
Figure 8 highlights the region’s waste challenge based on business as usual. Assuming 2015 recycling rates continue, and based on expected population increases, then by 2025, the ten years of the plan, waste generated is projected to increase by 20% (or 77,000 tonnes) to 464,000 tonnes. By 2044-45 (30 years of the state infrastructure plan) it is expected to increase by nearly 65% to 635,000 tonnes.
Under business as usual overall waste generation increases across the 30 years with the recovery increasing at a higher rate than landfilling. This trend is consistent with statewide trends identified by Sustainability Victoria.
In addition, the introduction of food and garden organics kerbside collections will impact on the business as usual modelling and alter quantities recovered and landfilled. This has the potential to reduce household garbage by 25%, which would reduce landfilling significantly and alter the modelled trend.
Our detailed analysis preparing the draft GV implementation plan has established that our region will not require additional landfill capacity within the next 10 years. Our strategic objective to reduce waste landfilled will reduce unprocessed materials going to landfill to extend the life of the landfills and minimise any potential environmental or health impacts.
Figure 8 Projected tonnes of waste to be generated in the Goulburn Valley region to 2045
Source: Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database v3; waste and resource recovery data provided by Sustainability Victoria
Landfill disposal Material recovery
Tonn
es
29 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Figure 9 Projected total recovered tonnes by council to 204512
12 Goulburn Valley infrastructure capacity and needs assessment, Blue Environment, 2015 based on RWRRD data Sustainable Resource Use for Sustainability Victoria, 2015
4.4.1 Projected tonnes recovered by council
Figure 9 shows the projected tonnes recovered by council to 2045. The impact of the rapid growth in housing and population in Mitchell Shire is evident with its contribution increasing significantly while other councils remain relatively stable. This highlights the need for Mitchell Shire to plan and establish adequate infrastructure to manage increased waste and maximise recovery. Campaspe Shire and Strathbogie Shire’s flat trend highlights the opportunity to recover food and garden waste to increase overall recovery.
Tonn
es
Mitchell
Strathbogie
Murrindindi
Moira
Greater Shepparton
Campaspe
Images right/page 30 (from top to bottom): Cages for collecting tyres and hard plastics for recycling, car batteries collected for recycling, and the Association of Victoria Regional Waste Management Group conducting a site inspection at a mattress recycling centre.
North East Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 30
31 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5 The waste and resource recovery system in the Goulburn Valley region
This section outlines the existing infrastructure in the region for materials landfilled or reprocessed, with some reference to flows in and out of the region. It also identifies future needs that link to the regional needs and opportunities established in the Market Sounding and the actions for the draft GV implementation plan (outlined in 3.1). Appendix 4 lists the types of infrastructure.
The data used for this section is drawn from several sources including:• Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database
v3; waste and resource recovery data provided by Sustainability Victoria.
• Goulburn Valley infrastructure capacity and needs assessment, Blue Environment, 2015.
• Survey and analysis of regional reprocessors and material recovery facility operators: Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group regional report by Sustainable Resource Use for Sustainability Victoria, 2015.
• Market Sounding for Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure conducted jointly by GVWRRG, the North East WRRG and Loddon Mallee WRRG in 2015.
• Verbal information provided by waste and resource recovery operators that did not participate in any surveys or the market sounding.
Due to commercially sensitive information the exact source of information for specific types of infrastructure may not be included in each section.
5.1 Summary of regional infrastructure
The region has five licensed landfills, 36 RRCs, one MRF and 23 reprocessing facilities managing a diverse range of materials. Over half the reprocessors manage organics with eight plastics reprocessing facilities and four reprocessing aggregates, masonry and soil.
Table 10 shows the types of infrastructure in the region including estimates of the materials currently managed annually against installed capacity and under-utilised capacity. This reinforces the need to establish additional food and garden reprocessing facilities in the region in the next few years as more materials are collected through kerbside collections.
5.2 Collection systems
A waste collection system involves services to pick up waste where it is generated and transport it to waste and resource recovery facilities for processing or disposal. These services are provided through councils to households. Private commercial operators also provide collection services. Collection services play an important role in aggregating waste for appropriate management and protecting public health and the environment.
5.2.1 Municipal kerbside collections
Municipal kerbside collections provide an essential community service through the regular removal of waste materials from households. These services include the collection of commingled recyclables, garden and food organics and garbage. Some councils provide a service to small and medium enterprises.
In 2012-1313, nearly 80,000 kerbside garbage services were provided in the region through council contracts with private providers paid for by residents through rates. Nearly 7% (5,300) were provided to non-residential (business) customers, with higher rates of service in Moira, Campaspe and Murrindindi Shire Councils. Similar figures were reported for services to businesses for the recycling service.
13 Victorian Local Government Annual Survey Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 32
Table 10 Summary of infrastructure types in the region, 2013-14
Infrastructure type Number of facilities
managing material
categories1
Tonnes per year
Currently managed
Installed capacity2
Under-utilised capacity
Resource recovery
RRC stand alone
37 44,000
RRC co-located at landfill
MRF
Reprocessing
Organics
Food4 42,000 45,000 3,000
Garden
Wood/timber12 30,000 48,000 18,000
Other
Paper/cardboard 1 2,400 5,000 3,200
Plastic 5 3,000 6,900 6,600
Metals 3 3,200 6,700 3,500
Aggregates, masonry and soil 3 4,400 14,000 9,600
Disposal landfill Licensed 5 162,000
Note:1 some reprocessors manage multiple materials. 2 specific capacity is not fixed and is scaled up and down as demand requires.
Sources: 1. Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database v3; waste and resource recovery data provided by Sustainability Victoria2. Goulburn Valley infrastructure capacity and needs assessment, Blue Environment, 20153. Survey and analysis of regional reprocessors and material recovery facility operators: Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group regional
report by Sustainable Resource Use for Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Kerbside collections provide a secure supply of feedstock for reprocessors. Efficiency, transport and environmental performance has improved through technological advances such as global positioning guidance and tracking systems, cameras, improved emission standards, low entry and high visibility collection vehicles.
5.2.1.1 Analysis of future needsIncreasing the quantity of recovered materials could be achieved through:• Ongoing assessment of extensions to collection routes,
where feasible, for new residential developments. • Considering extending the kerbside collection to non-
residential customers where appropriate (see Action 3).• Analysing opportunities when councils renew kerbside
contracts such as: > offering households a larger 360 litre commingled
recyclables bin
> investigating the feasibility of a smaller garbage bins > assessing optimal collection frequencies for organics
and garbage.• Expanding the universal food and garden collection service
where feasible (see Action 3).
Increasing the quality of recovered materials could be achieved through:• Councils adopting the Australian Standard for Mobile
Waste Containers (AS4123) at the time of kerbside contract renewal to create uniformity in bin lid and body colours to support standard education and messaging for the appropriate use of bins.
• Implementing region-wide education campaigns supported by ongoing localised household engagement programs (see Action 8).
33 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.2.2 Private sector collections
Private sector collection services for C&I and C&D waste generators are privately arranged and funded typically using ‘skip’ bins provided by a private contractor to collect and remove bulk waste from commercial premises. Source segregation in this sector is growing, with cardboard, shrink wrap and plaster only skips offered, apart from typical residual mixed waste.
The types of collections include:• ‘mini-skips’ to householders for weekend clean-ups or
building and renovation• mixed waste for farms (due to the isolation from council
services and facilities)• larger sized bulk bins for larger manufacturers and food
processors• larger sized bulk bins for transporting aggregated waste
from council RRCs.
5.2.2.1 Analysis of future needsIt is well recognised that more can be done to maximise resource recovery from businesses generating waste and private collectors.
Key challenges include limited reprocessing infrastructure to receive mixed industrial waste, particularly construction waste, and source separating materials for collection. Only limited sorting of selected loads of mixed industrial waste currently takes place. Commercial-in-confidence issues can prohibit partnerships and information sharing with private industry. Effective engagement with the industrial sector is resource intensive.
Maximising recycling from residential and commercial collections will be addressed through:• Supporting residents and businesses to first of all reduce
materials entering the waste stream through reusing materials on-site such as composting in agricultural businesses and then maximising recycling (see Action 8).
• Engaging businesses and the community through implementing the waste education strategy actions (see Action 8).
• Working with statewide hub landfill operators (Greater Shepparton and Ellwaste) to establish pre-sorting systems to extract recyclables prior to landfilling (see Action 1).
• Promoting opportunities for technical exhibition and trial of new equipment that enables greater material handling and processing of industrial waste (see Action 7).
• Working to ensure that appropriate data systems and reporting provide the evidence to support future opportunities for investment in industrial waste sorting (see Action 13).
• Supporting funding bids for proposals to establish industrial waste sorting in the region (see Action 1).
5.2.3 Hard waste collections
Household kerbside hard waste collections previously provided by councils across the region were discontinued due to cost, amenity and occupational health and safety issues with residents able to access the RRC network and commercial service providers.
5.2.4 Residential multi-unit and mixed-use development collections
In our region, the predominant forms of residential multi-unit or mixed-use developments are retirement living and semi-permanent holiday parks where greater resource recovery could be achieved.
Challenges, similar to multi-unit sites in metropolitan Melbourne, include lower resource recovery rates and higher contamination rates for these properties.
Poorly designed collection areas and infrastructure impact on amenity and are costly to address through retrofitting so intervention early in the planning and design phases is critical.
5.2.5 Public place recycling and litter collection
Litter and illegal dumping poses a significant problem for communities in terms of environmental and amenity impacts, clean up and collection costs. Litter also has a negative impact on local communities’ feelings of safety and wellbeing14.
Public place recycling (PPR) and litter bin collections refers to systems installed in high use public areas to collect recyclable materials and litter. Litter and PPR collection systems are most effective when bin infrastructure is underpinned by, and integrated with, research and communication techniques.
Litter and illegal dumping is managed through a wide range of infrastructure, education and enforcement actions across state government and councils. The waste education strategy identifies regional litter plans as a key mechanism to identify and prioritise regional litter issues and develop targeted, measurable and evidence based litter prevention activities.
GVWRRG will play a role in supporting Sustainability Victoria, the Victorian Litter Action Alliance and councils to facilitate the development and implementation of best practice litter prevention programs (see Action 8).
14 Gladwell, M. 2000 & Kelling, G. 1982
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 34
15 GVWRRG Community engagement survey, Wallis, 2015
5.3 Resource recovery centres
Councils own and operate RRCs for residents to take items not accepted in the household kerbside collections, or where an area is not serviced by household kerbside collections. Map 1 shows the location of RRCs in the region.
Depending on particular rating structures and other factors, some councils in the region provide resident vouchers to drop off for a set quantity for free. Sorting of recyclable materials is encouraged as they can generally be dropped off for free or a minimal fee.
There is a well developed geographical network of 36 council-owned RRCs accepting a range of material for disposal or recycling, with a vast majority of properties within a radius of 25 km of a RRC. Table 11 shows the number of RRCs in each municipality.
Depending on the nature of the site and the availability of options, some sites are limited to household waste and others accept larger quantities of commercial waste.
The network is supplemented by private sector metal merchants and recyclers that offer drop off points for households and businesses. The RRCs are further supported by retailers who offer a take back or trade in of items, such as mattresses and televisions, either through a promotion or as part of product stewardship initiatives.
Municipality RRCs
Campaspe Shire 8
Greater Shepparton 3
Mitchell Shire 4
Moira Shire 9
Murrindindi Shire 5
Strathbogie Shire 7
Total 36
Table 11 Goulburn Valley resource recovery centres by municipality
Community satisfaction with waste management services15
Overall
Kerbside collection services
Developing services and facilities that minimise community and public health impacts
Operation of facilities such as‘resource recovery centres’
Delivering services and facilities that result in good environmental outcomes
Operation of landfills
Delivering services and facilities that minimiselong term costs to households
7.5
7.6
7.5
8.0
7.4
7.2
6.9
6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2
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36
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37 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.3.1 Analysis of future needs
Overall the analysis found RRCs are likely to have sufficient capacity to meet growth in demand over the next ten years supported by some equipment upgrades, increased collection frequency of skips and storage to manage additional recovered materials.
Mitchell Shire is currently planning how to meet demand from the projected population growth and urban development.
The Victorian Government’s commitment to ban e-waste from landfill will see additional amounts of electronic equipment recovered for recycling, with the region’s RRCs likely to play a significant role. This may require support to meet the Australian Standard AS5377 Collection, storage, transport and treatment of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment.
A ban of e-waste from landfill would mean the e-waste removed from the landfill stream is likely to be received at RRCs (with the exception of some National Television and Computer Recycling Scheme covered waste that is collected at drop-off points). It would require ensuring reasonable access of all communities to e-waste drop off facilities (see Action 2).
Additional activities include:• reviewing RRC cost benefits (see Action 12)• identifying alternative solutions if councils seeks to reduce
their role as a default provider of waste and resource recovery (see Action 12)
• assisting councils to identify priority upgrades (see Action 6)• improving the regional data collection system (see Action 13).
Community knowledge of local resource recovery centresNearly 80% of residents knew the location of their nearest resource recovery centre (compared to 56% who knew where the nearest landfill was) and 63% had used it in the last 12 months, up from 56% in 2013. The figure compares the council results for 2013 and 2015.
Resident resource recovery centre use in past 12 months, 2013 and 2015
100%
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ShireCampaspe
ShireMurrindindi
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46%
2013 2015
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 38
5.4 Materials recovery facility
The Ellwaste MRF (shown on Map 1) located in Echuca is the only MRF in the region (noting some household recyclables are transported to MRFs in metropolitan Melbourne). This suggests opportunities for this MRF or new MRFs to be established to manage the current tonnes of household commingled recyclables flowing out of the region. Future opportunities could be assessed by councils when tendering for future contracts. Any changes would need to be reviewed against the Infrastructure Schedule.
It should be noted that the sole MRF in the region sorts household kerbside collections. However large amounts of waste are generated from the C&I sector that has low recovery rates. There is an opportunity to increase recovery of C&I waste either through these businesses separating valuable materials on-site for collection or through establishing a MRF, located either close to the source or the end-point, capable of sorting C&I waste to increase the viability of recovery.
5.4.1 Analysis of future needs
• The viability of the existing or any future MRF within the region to sort and process recyclables depends on: > the timing of council tenders for waste services
contracts > how well such facilities compete with large-scale
Melbourne facilities on transport and market economics.
• Recovery of industrial waste would improve recovery outcomes in the region. This would allow for further sorting, segregation and reprocessing of materials that currently are disposed at landfills as part of the mixed waste stream that would increase employment and grow the economy.
• Pre-sorting at landfills would recover additional recyclable materials from all sectors (see Action 1).
5.5 Reprocessing infrastructure
Map 2 shows the number and location of reprocessors in the region. There are a number of material streams that are not reprocessed in the region or the existing capacity is limited. For some materials, local management solutions may not be feasible, for example due to lack of local markets, or the need for specialised treatment technologies. However there is potential to establish or expand reprocessing for some materials in the region.
Note that a number of facilities categorised as reprocessors do not actually recycle the material, but may act as aggregation points for collected material prior to on-selling to recyclers outside the Goulburn Valley region.
The Sustainability Victoria reprocessor survey noted that apart from organics, which is generally processed locally, only 14% of recyclate stays within the region; 68% is sent to Melbourne and 16% is sent interstate or directly exported.
Data sources for the reprocessing infrastructureUnless otherwise referenced, the data sources for this section are the: • Survey and analysis of regional reprocessors and material
recovery facility operators: Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group regional report conducted by Sustainable Resource Use for Sustainability Victoria, 2015.
• Goulburn Valley Infrastructure capacity and needs assessment, Blue Environment, 2015.
5.5.1 Current reprocessing capacity
There are 23 reprocessors in the region. Table 10 in Section 5 shows the tonnes currently managed for material categories against installed capacity and under-utilised capacity as reported by reprocessors. Existing facilities processing food and garden organics are operating at close to current capacity. With demand likely to grow substantially in the short-term, there is a need for additional processing capacity for food and garden organics.
Reprocessors of other materials appear to be operating at up to 50% of existing capacity, indicating room for additional materials expected from projected population growth.
Table 12 lists the identified reprocessors in the region. However, there are some reprocessors in the region and no throughput or processing capacity data is available, they have been identified in Table 12 and are included in the existing resource recovery schedule (see Section 8).
A survey of reprocessors conducted by Sustainability Victoria conservatively estimated that the total value of resources recovered in Goulburn Valley in 2013-14 was over $8 million, however only $3.2 million (or 40%) of those resources stayed in the region.
39
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41 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.5.2 Organics reprocessing infrastructure
Food and garden organics has a potentially high contribution to greenhouse gas emissions from landfills. Significant steps have been made in the region to divert organics from landfill to eliminate this in the MSW stream. Future diversion of food and garden organics is expected to markedly increase in coming years.
There are 17 organics reprocessing facilities in the Goulburn Valley region managing over 70,000 tonnes of material in 2013-14 (see Table 9). Food and garden organics makes up nearly 60% and wood/timber and other organic materials over 40% of the total organics reprocessed.
The Sustainability Victoria reprocessor survey did not capture cross regional flows from some of the reprocessors and as highlighted, not all reprocessors participated.
The state organics strategy’s analysis of barriers and opportunities in organics recovery has determined appropriate government actions in the next five years.
GVWRRG will continue to take action on this important issue, which results in increased methane levels in the atmosphere,
contributing to climate change, and poses significant risks around land, water and air contamination. GVWRRG will implement locally relevant actions of the state organics strategy in an effort maximise the recovery for organics material.
5.5.2.1 Analysis of future needsThere is a need for additional food and garden organics processing capacity as identified in the regional priorities and action plan (see Action 3). GVWRRG is informally aware that a regional composting facility is currently considering opportunities to expand processing capacity.
Three councils in the region recently introduced household food and garden organics collections, another one has an opt-in garden organics collection in specific areas and two do not currently offer a service. There are opportunities for other councils to introduce household organics processing (see Action 3).
We need to identify linkages between waste generators and available service and facility providers (see Action 12).
There are also opportunities for additional reprocessing capacity for timber and treated timber (see Action 2).
GVWRRG advocates best practice facilities that meet the
Image above: GVWRRG Director Geoff Dobson and gardening personality Vasili at Western Composting Technology in Shepparton.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 42
Australian Standard – these have been established in the region and to date have resulted in strong gains in organics recovery.
5.5.3 Plastics reprocessing infrastructure
Based on the reprocessor survey it is estimated around 3,000 tonnes of plastics were managed in the Goulburn Valley region in 2013-14. Of this, around 67% was managed within the region, with the remaining 33% reprocessed outside the region.
There are eight facilities in the region that manage plastics: seven reprocessors specialising in particular plastics and one MRF. Around half of the plastics recovered are reprocessed in the region and less than 20% is transported to other facilities, generally in Melbourne, for recycling.
5.5.3.1 Analysis of future needsThere are opportunities to grow processing capacity and the type of plastics recycled. Many of the existing plastics reprocessors in the region have been successful because of their market niche. There are opportunities to grow the sector by targeting specific types of plastics, including problematic plastics such as silage wrap, baling twine, irrigation pipe, mattress foam, and other hard plastics and plastic films, particularly from the C&I and agricultural sectors (see Action 2).
5.5.4 Paper and cardboard
It is estimated that nearly 2,500 tonnes of paper and cardboard was managed in the Goulburn Valley region in 2013-14. It is understood that most (if not all) paper and cardboard in Goulburn Valley is baled and transported to recyclers outside the region for further processing.
5.5.4.1 Analysis of future needsThere may be opportunities to develop reprocessing within the region but they have not been identified as priorities in the plan.
5.5.5 Metals
Metals recovery occurs in the region but the reprocessors did not participate in the Sustainability Victoria survey so limited information is available. However, it is estimated over 3,000 tonnes of metals were reprocessed in the Goulburn Valley region in 2013-14.
5.5.5.1 Analysis of future needsAdequate capacity and minimal need to recover more as based on the indicative landfill composition data, it is estimated around 2% of metals are landfilled.
5.5.6 Aggregates, masonry and soil
Around 4,400 tonnes of aggregate materials were managed in the region in 2013-14. There are four reprocessors, one was an
additional facility that responded to market sounding, in the region that currently reprocess or recycle aggregates.
5.5.6.1 Analysis of future needsThere are opportunities to increase concrete, brick and asphalt reprocessing in the region (see Action 2) for example, through mobile crushing equipment to process stockpiled materials on-site and accepting C&D materials at an industrial MRF, if established.
5.5.7 Tyres16
In Victoria, the landfilling of whole tyres is banned, requiring alternative management of this considerable resource. Over 90,000 tonnes of end-of-life tyres and rubber waste was generated in Victoria in 2013-14 and 12% of end-of-life tyres were recycled, 77% were exported and 11% were stockpiled or disposed without record.
While tonnages reported in the region are modest, the data limitations suggest significant under-reported quantities of tyres exist in the regional waste stream. The Victorian Government is taking action to reduce the fire risk from tyre stockpiles by imposing stricter rules, enforceable by EPA, on how tyres are stored. Tyre Stewardship Australia has been established by the tyre industry to administer a national tyre product stewardship scheme that was launched in January 2014.
5.5.7.1 Analysis of future needs
The possibility of reprocessing tyres is supported by: • considerable volumes exported suggest an opportunity for
increased redirection• Goulburn Valley region has a significant transport sector• the fact that the region is home to a priority stockpile in the
Moira Shire• pre-existing interest in the establishment of small scale
pyrolysis plants.
GVWRRG will work to support Sustainability Victoria and complement the EPA regulatory framework by:• promoting greater local recovery of tyres• promoting demand for tyre derived products• notifying illegitimate stockpiling activity• helping to addressing priority legacy stockpiles• assessing options for the local use of tyre-derived fuel to
replace fossil fuels and non-fuel, tyre derived products • supporting councils in assessing end-of-life tyre processing
proposals (see Action 2).
16 Source: Investment factsheet: End-of-life tyres, Sustainability Victoria, November 2015
43 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.5.8 Textiles17
While Victoria generated 129,000 tonnes of textile waste in 2013-14, just 3,000 tonnes of this waste was recovered, representing a recovery rate of just 2%.
Goulburn Valley region’s textile waste includes discarded clothing, end-of-life furniture and manufacturing offcuts. While reported tonnages are modest, data limitations suggest significant under-reported quantities of textile waste exist in the regional waste stream.
5.5.8.1 Analysis of future needsGVWRRG will lead regional investigation into the scope for viable recovery of mattresses along with greater usage and coordination of charity bins and other means of textiles collection (see Action 2).
Regional investment opportunities may include: • reprocessing of high calorific value, woven textiles as a
refuse derived fuel• technologies that reduce combined textiles to their
constituent fabrics • reprocessing of mattresses.
5.5.9 E-waste
E-waste has been collected through the National Television and Computer Recycling Scheme at registered collection points. There is currently minimal e-waste collection in the region. Material is transported to Melbourne for reprocessing. The government has made a commitment to ban e-waste from landfill.
5.5.9.1 Analysis of future needsAdditional infrastructure, storage and solutions to divert banned materials from landfill will need to be considered, working with the rest of state government in design of the ban.
There is an opportunity to collect and sort e-waste (see Action 2).
5.5.10 AsbestosAsbestos is a silicate mineral made up of tiny fibres that form a dust when disturbed. Asbestos fibres breathed into the lungs can cause a range of health problems including lung cancer and mesothelioma. Asbestos was previously used extensively in building products in Australia. All use, import or manufacture of asbestos was banned completely in Australia by 2003.Managing asbestos safely is a major regional and statewide priority. Table 13 shows the types of asbestos accepted by landfills in the region.
5.5.10.1 Analysis of future needsThe relative scarcity of disposal locations for domestic asbestos is further compounded as each of the three available disposal locations within the region have some conditions upon the receipt of asbestos:• Alexandra: domestic quantities of asbestos from within the
Murrindindi Shire only• Shepparton: no public access to the Cosgrove landfill• Patho: domestic and commercial quantities of asbestos
from within the Campaspe Shire only.
In many instances the distance from population centres within the region to an unrestricted disposal site is more than 100 km.
Table 13 Types of asbestos accepted by landfills in the Goulburn Valley Region
Type of asbestos accepted
Location of landfill
Additional info
Domestic Alexandra Refers to generally small quantities of asbestos that a householder doing a do-it-yourself job may encounter, such as bathroom renovation where asbestos sheeting is present. The asbestos needs to be packaged correctly (see EPA Asbestos guidance under 6.1) and may be transported in a householder’s own vehicle to a licensed landfill for disposal without transport certificates or a permitted vehicle.
Shepparton
Wangaratta (north east region)
Commercial and domestic
Patho The landfill is able to receive asbestos from both domestic (as above) and commercial sources (as below).
Commercial only The landfill can only accept asbestos from commercial/industrial sources in a permitted vehicle with transport certificates. These may be small or large quantities from a commercial source or a domestic premises where a contractor has been engaged to undertake the removal work.
17 Source: Investment factsheet: Textile waste, Sustainability Victoria, November 2015
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 44
The Domestic Asbestos Working Party on behalf of the Association of Victorian Regional Waste Management Groups, with representation from EPA, WorkSafe Victoria, Sustainability Victoria, Department of Health Victoria, Municipal Association of Victoria, Gippsland Asbestos Related Diseases Support Incorporated, WRRGs and the Gippsland Trades and Labour Council developed the 2011 Managing domestic non-friable asbestos at resource recovery centres guidelines. They were for facilities receiving non-friable asbestos from domestic sources and subsequent transfer to a licensed landfill for disposal.
GVWRRG supports greater availability of responsible and accessible disposal options for asbestos-bearing material through appropriate infrastructure, education and training, as well as councils obtaining appropriate insurance coverage.
Establishing receival facilities (see Action 5) is intended to provide greater coverage and opportunity for the public to appropriately dispose of asbestos. Providing such facilities should reduce the level of inappropriate disposal, such as illegal dumping and concealment of asbestos materials in domestic waste, and therefore the risk to the community and to landfill or transfer station staff.
The appropriate safe work practices are required to be developed at RRCs to ensure that, if asbestos waste arrives at the RRC, it is managed, transported and disposed of in a manner that protects employees, customers, community and the environment from harm.
The illegal dumping of asbestos is a significant issue and represents a substantial annual cost to councils.
Councils have specific responsibilities in emergencies, such as bush fires, that are outlined in municipal emergency management plans. Municipalities should have a public health emergency management sub-plan that outlines specific public health issues that could arise in the municipality and how to manage them.
Following an asbestos-related emergency, councils are the lead agency for all domestic or non-workplace locations. In addition to management of post incident issues on-site, councils may also need to distribute information to residents and handle public health enquiries.
Council involvement in an asbestos incident may include:• Assessing the structural safety of the building.• Assessing the affected site to determine whether an offsite
public health risk/nuisance exists, or is likely to exist, under the Health Act 1958.
• Providing advice/enforcement for clean up of the site and safe disposal of materials.
• Distributing public health information to address community concerns.
When receiving construction waste at RRCs, councils are required to comply with the WorkSafe industry standard Recycling Construction and Demolition Material – Guidance on Complying with the Occupational Health and Safety (Asbestos) Regulations 2003.
New technology and land use planning
• 81% of Goulburn Valley residents support new waste and resource recovery technology
• 93% believed council should be planning to set aside land for future innovation and development opportunities.
GVWRRG Community Engagement Survey, Wallis, 2015
Image above: Kialla closed landfill.
45 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.6 Landfill infrastructure
Landfills are engineered waste disposal facilities that receive and contain waste in the ground. Some landfills, such as Cosgrove in our region, capture gas to produce energy. Food and garden organics has a potentially high contribution to greenhouse gas emissions if not managed properly. The region has taken many steps to divert food and garden organics from MSW and will continue to work with councils to consider and expand organics recovery (see Action 2).
Landfills play a central role in safely and effectively managing waste materials. While the government aims to maximise resource recovery, landfills will continue to play a necessary role in the regional infrastructure network for at least the short to medium term. Looking to the long term, there will still be a need for some landfill capacity to safely dispose of treated, residual material.
To prevent negative impacts on the environment and the community, existing and new landfill design, construction, operation and rehabilitation must comply with the Best Practice Environmental Management (Siting, Design, Operation and Rehabilitation of Landfills) 2010 updated (Landfill BPEM). Schedule A of the Landfill BPEM, deals with areas where landfill sites must not be established or extended into.
For landfills receiving putrescible material that decomposes, best practice rehabilitation and aftercare can extend to 30 years or more after a landfill stops receiving waste.
5.6.1 Current status
There are five licensed landfills in the region with four owned by councils and Ellwaste owns Patho, the largest landfill in the region. Patho and Cosgrove are licensed to receive prescribed industrial waste Category C waste which includes soils which pose a low hazard or only exhibit offensive aesthetic properties. Table 14 lists the landfills by municipal location and Map 3 shows the location.
Patho and Cosgrove landfills are listed in the state infrastructure plan as hubs of state importance (see Section 5.7). This reinforces the role they play in the region and the focus on regional landfills.
Opportunities for the Goulburn Valley region
Of the four companies making a submission to the market sounding process for new infrastructure only one, Waranga Green Energy Pty Ltd, advised it has secured the approvals for the facility.
The company proposes to establish an anaerobic digester at Stanhope to process food waste from the C&I waste stream and generate biogas for the neighbouring piggery.
5.5.11 Energy from waste
Some advanced waste treatment technologies providing an alternative to landfilling operate in Victoria but are not common. The technologies can contribute to regional innovation and economic development, provide improved environmental outcomes, produce value-added products and improve resource efficiency. They can potentially be high-risk, capital-intensive ventures that may not deliver on expected outcomes.
Technologies include gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion to recover resources, generate energy from waste, produce fuel alternatives and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from landfills.
The technologies suited to MSW treatment require large amounts of waste to justify the large capital outlay involved, generally involving annual throughputs in excess of 100,000 tonnes to warrant capital investment of over $30 million for most systems. Small-scale technologies targeted to particular waste streams with high calorific value (e.g. anaerobic digesters treating wet organics, energy generation from combustion/gasification of dry organics) may suit the region. Both large and small-scale technologies are likely to be more feasible when considered on a regional scale, where access to sufficient feedstock allows economies of scale to be achieved.
Opportunities exist to co-locate energy from waste technologies with water treatment plants that are also an essential service located with established buffer distances and often with available land.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 46
Table 14 Goulburn Valley licensed landfills by municipality
Municipality Landfill name Number of landfills
Campaspe Patho 11
Greater Shepparton Cosgrove 1
Mitchell Mitchell 1
Moira Moira 1
Murrindindi Murrindindi 1
Strathbogie 0
Total 5
A new landfill, Cosgrove 3, adjacent to the existing Cosgrove landfill site, with a total airspace of around 3,000,000 m3 is planned to be operational in 2018-19. Cosgrove is centrally located, close to larger population centres and businesses in the region. It will provide a significant increase in airspace for the region and an alternative option for contingency planning.
Two of the landfills are projected to reach full capacity in the next 30 years, Mitchell in 2030, and Alexandra in 2040. The waste could be accepted within the region at Cosgrove 3 where there is capacity of 30 plus years and shorter transport distances compared to Patho.
The modeling includes waste from within and outside the region currently disposed at landfills in the Goulburn Valley region. As part of developing the draft GV implementation plan we were required to consult with other WRRGs about flows into our region. It is anticipated that landfills in the Loddon Mallee region will require additional landfill airspace in seven years. Consequently Loddon Mallee WRRG conducted a Landfill Schedule Application process to meet the landfill needs for its region for the next at least ten years. The Patho Landfill in the Goulburn Valley region participated in that process and has capacity to accept the additional waste from Loddon Mallee in seven years without impacting on the availability of landfill airspace for Goulburn Valley.
Future capacity has been modelled on Cosgrove 3 being operational in 2018-19, population growth and Loddon Mallee’s potential future needs being met by Patho landfill.
1 Privately owned
The draft GV implementation plan is focused on reducing waste to landfill through increasing resource recovery, particularly food and organics and C&I and C&D waste currently being deposited to landfill. Reductions to landfilling will occur as the food and garden kerbside collections become fully established and if industry and councils invest in pre-sort technologies. Any reductions would increase the modelled airspace available.
The detailed analysis in developing the draft GV implementation plan indicates that no additional landfills will be required for the region for the next 10 years and likely for the 30-year outlook of the GV implementation plan.
Figure 10 shows the regional landfill airspace against the annual disposal rate and highlights the diminishing availability of airspace at each of the five landfills in the region over the next 10 years.
Image above: Members of the South West and Goulburn Valley RWMG's inspecting a landfill liner at Hilldene.
47
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49 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.6.2 Closed landfills
Closed landfills are those landfills that have received waste in the past, but do not any longer. Prior to the 1970s there was no overarching environmental protection legislation or regulatory framework to control what materials were disposed of to landfills or standards for the design and operation of landfills. The result is that there are landfills across metropolitan and rural areas that have accepted materials that are potentially hazardous to the environment and human health, which were not constructed to today's good practice standards.
EPA data indicates there are over 100 active landfills in Victoria, in both council and private ownership, and at least 245 closed landfills, with the majority closing at least 10 years ago. GVWRRG has identified 36 closed landfills in the region that have closed within the last 30 years.
It is important that closed landfills within the region are identified and any potential impacts to the community, public health and the environment are managed and reduced. The potential of adverse impacts depends on a range of factors including the size of the landfill and types of waste accepted, the geology and natural features of the site and how the landfill was constructed and rehabilitated on closure.
The requirements for the rehabilitation depends on the risk of adverse impacts. Smaller landfills pose significantly lower risks to the environment and surrounding community and therefore rehabilitation, monitoring and maintenance are less stringent than for larger landfills that pose a greater risk. With the trend towards larger landfills the rehabilitation requirements have changed in recent years, with current operational landfills needing to undergo far more stringent guidelines when being rehabilitated.
The responsibility for the management and rehabilitation of closed landfill sites lies with the entity known as the ‘duty holder” of the site. In most situations this is the current landholder. The EPA manages and regulates this process. Further information on landfill requirements, from planning through to rehabilitation, can be found on the EPA’s website. Specific related documents include the landfill BEPM and the Landfills Exempt from licencing 1999 and 2014 guidelines and the Closed landfill guidelines, 2012.
Many of the 36 closed landfill sites in the region were small landfills servicing the local area and closed some time ago. In most cases they pose a small risk to the community, environment and public health. GVWRRG proposes to assist the rehabilitation process for these closed landfills by facilitating work between councils and the EPA to develop risk-based assessments to take into account the local context. This may effectively reduce environmental and human health risks of these landfills more efficiently than current approaches that are aimed at landfills more broadly (see Action 10).
5.7 Waste and resource recovery hubs
5.7.1 What is a hub The concept of hubs and spokes is a simple one – hubs are locations where materials are managed, with supporting spokes that enable materials to be transported to the hub. Together they form a system that supports the aggregation of materials within a network for efficient resource recovery and management of waste and material streams. The initial identification of a hub is the starting point to inform a discussion of its future.
Through identifying hubs we are seeking to achieve:• consolidation of material streams to achieve tonnages that
attract industry investment• an integrated system that maximise resource recovery• achieve optimal economic, community, environment and
public health outcomes.
During the implementation phase the future of hubs in the region will be explored, including alignment with local planning schemes as appropriate.
The state infrastructure plan outlines the cascading criteria for hubs of state, regional and local importance (Table 15). The criteria help determine at what level(s) to carry out the appropriate planning and indicate where the impact would be if activities occurring at existing hubs were to change. These criteria are not definitive and should be applied as a ‘best fit’. An individual hub does not need to meet all criteria or functions. This approach highlights the importance of local and regional planning to achieve an integrated statewide waste and resource recovery system.
5.7.2 Role the region plays in the overall statewide waste and resource recovery infrastructure system
The region’s existing waste and resource recovery network includes five landfills, 36 RRCs, 23 reprocessors and one MRF.
The state infrastructure plan identified three existing hubs of state importance to the state waste and resource recovery system. Maps 4, 5 and 6 show the locations of the hubs of state, regional and local importance.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 50
Table 15 Cascading criteria for waste and resource recovery hubs
Level Criteria
State importance
The hub manages or processes a significant proportion of one or more material streams for the state.
The type of materials managed or reprocessed at the hub are of economic value to the state’s economy or pose a significant risk to economic, community, environment and public health outcomes if not recovered.
It is an existing hub with established spokes for one or more materials. It is an integral component of the supply and/or processing chain across multiple regions or the state. If the functionality of the hub was compromised, it would put pressure on the viability of upstream or downstream industries.
The hub has access to generators, markets, ports or transport infrastructure.
The hub is in a location compatible with waste management and resource recovery activities and has capacity for future waste management and resource recovery activities.
Regional importance
The hub manages or processes a significant proportion of one or more material streams for the waste and resource recovery region or adjacent regions.
The type of materials managed or reprocessed at the site are of economic value to the region or adjacent regions or pose a significant risk to economic, community, environment and public health outcomes if not recovered.
It is an existing hub with established spokes for one or more materials. If the functionality of the site was compromised it would put pressure on the viability of upstream and downstream industries within the region.
The hub is in a location compatible with waste management and resource recovery activities and has capacity for future waste management and resource recovery activities.
The hub enables aggregation or consolidation of material streams from within the region or adjacent regions prior to transport to a regional hub for reprocessing or disposal.
The hub may facilitate some reprocessing within the region or in the close proximity.
Local importance
The hub manages or processes a significant proportion of one or more material streams for the local community.
The hub is an integral component of the local infrastructure. If the functionality was compromised it would reduce the ability of the local community to manage its waste streams and recover resources.
The hub enables aggregation or consolidation of material streams at the local level prior to transport to a regional or state hub for reprocessing or disposal.
The type of materials managed or reprocessed at the site might be of economic value to the local community or pose a significant risk to economic, community, environment and public health outcomes if not recovered.
Source: Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan 2015-44, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
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EN
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Whi
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to p
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ap, G
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es, d
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es a
nd/o
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ts (i
nclu
ding
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rect
or c
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tial d
amag
e) w
hich
are
or m
ay b
e in
curr
ed b
y an
y pa
rty a
s a
resu
lt of
the
map
bei
ng in
accu
rate
, inc
ompl
ete
or u
nsui
tabl
e in
any
way
and
for a
ny re
ason
.
LEG
EN
D
09
1827
364.
5
Kilo
met
res
Map
Pro
ject
ion:
Lam
bert
Con
form
al C
onic
Hor
izon
tal D
atum
: G
DA
199
4G
rid: G
DA
199
4 V
ICG
RID
94
Reg
iona
l Was
te &
Res
ourc
eR
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n P
lan
Job
Num
ber
Rev
isio
nE31
-336
25
16 M
ar 2
016
Hub
s of
Loc
al Im
porta
nce
Dat
e
Dat
a so
urce
: DE
LWP
, Vic
Map
, 201
5; In
frast
ruct
ure,
SV
, 201
5; C
reat
ed b
y: m
jaha
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hi
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er S
ize
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ssin
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rega
tes,
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onar
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l
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ssin
g - O
rgan
ics
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
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tand
alo
neTo
wns
hip
Reg
ion
Bou
ndar
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& A
lpin
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esor
t Are
aB
ound
arie
sM
ajor
Roa
dsM
ajor
Wat
er A
reas
Maj
or W
ater
cour
ses
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nshi
p B
ound
arie
s
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lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te
&R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y G
roup
Map
6 H
ubs
of lo
cal i
mpo
rtan
ce
54
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
An
idea
l hub
An
idea
l hub
has
app
ropr
iate
buff
ers
betw
een
the
was
te a
nd re
sour
ce
reco
very
faci
litie
s an
d in
com
patib
le u
ses
to s
uppo
rt th
e ac
tiviti
es u
nder
take
n at
that
loca
tion.
It h
as w
ell e
stab
lishe
d fe
eder
-spo
kes
and
good
acc
ess
to
tran
spor
t net
wor
ks. I
t is
co-lo
cate
d or
in c
lose
pro
xim
ity to
com
plem
enta
ry
activ
ities
that
pro
vide
feed
stoc
ks o
r mar
kets
for t
he p
rodu
cts
and
serv
ices
, or
sha
re a
nd u
tilis
e th
e sa
me
buff
ers.
It is
[ec
onom
ical
ly]
viab
le, m
inim
ises
co
mm
unity
, env
ironm
ent a
nd p
ublic
hea
lth im
pact
s an
d co
ntrib
utes
to th
e lo
cal a
nd s
tate
eco
nom
y.
Stat
e in
fras
truc
ture
pla
n, 2
015
Bac
kgro
und
imag
e: G
VRW
MG
mem
bers
insp
ect t
he R
ye la
ndfil
l cel
l con
stru
ctio
n on
a
tech
nica
l tou
r of
Vic
toria
n fa
cilit
ies.
55 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.7.3 Strategic review of the Goulburn Valley region’s hubsTable 16 presents the results of the strategic analysis of the Goulburn Valley region’s hubs. It lists the name of the hub and whether it is of state, regional or local importance as well as the individual challenges and opportunities for the hub. It also identifies any actions included in the Action plan to address the challenges and opportunities.
Table 16 Strategic analysis of hubs
Hub of importance Challenges and opportunitiesAction plan number (if applicable)
STATE
Cosgrove LandfillCosgrove
Cosgrove 2 will reach capacity in 2019-20. Cosgrove 3 is planned to be operational by 2018-19.Any significant delays could impact landfill airspace availability in Cosgrove 2 requiring contingencies to be considered.Future upgrades to sort building and construction, concrete, timber and organics for recovery prior to disposal.
1
Patho LandfillPatho
Landfill airspace modelling could be impacted with potential cross regional flows.Opportunity for pre-sorting to increase recovery.
1
Western Composting TechnologyShepparton
Growing uptake of food and garden kerbside collection within and outside the region, with limited facilities available across the state to accept food waste.Opportunities for expansion.
3
REGIONAL
Alexandra LandfillAlexandra
Leachate management issues.New leachate pond operational in 2016.
BiomixStanhope
Upgrades to in-vessel pasteurisation and open windrow maturation. 3
Beveridge Scoria RecyclingBeveridge
Considering opportunities for additional reprocessing. 2, 3
Cobram Landfill and Resource Recovery CentreCobram
Landfill and RRC co-located.Future upgrades to recover/recycle plastics, timber, concrete, metals, commingled recyclables and organics.
2, 3
Echuca Resource Recovery CentreEchuca
Additional land purchased to create site buffer with sale yards co-located and opportunities for expansion.Proposed development of education centre and future upgrades to improve environmental performance.
Ellwaste MRFEchuca
The only MRF in the region. Accepts materials from the GV and other regions. Opportunity to increase throughput.
2
Enviro 2100Euroa
Opportunities for expansion. 3
Foott Waste and RecyclingShepparton
Opportunities for expansion 2
Mitchell LandfillHilldene
Major projected population growth will increase demand. Currently reviewing long term site operations.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 56
Hub of importance Challenges and opportunitiesAction plan number (if applicable)
Plastic Forests Pty LtdStrathmerton
Power limitations at the site.Accepts waste from within and outside the region. Niche market for plastic film, often not otherwise recovered.Opportunities for expansion.
2
Resource ResolutionGirgarre
Seymour Shavings and Sawdust SuppliesSeymour
Opportunities for expansion. 2
Shepparton Resource Recovery CentreShepparton
Future upgrades to increase recovery of concrete, brick, bitumen and organics.Reviewing redevelopment options.Significant recovery, reprocessing and resale operations carried out on site. Only permanent ‘Detox Your Home’ household hazardous waste drop off site in the region.
2, 3
Wallan Resource Recovery CentreWallan
Wallan is located in the urban growth boundary experiencing major population growth. Demand is likely to exceed capacity in the short term.Future upgrades would increase resource recovery volumes.
2
LOCAL hub of importance
Alexandra Resource Recovery CentreAlexandra
Future upgrades to recycle/recover metals, plastics, e-waste, organics, aggregates masonry and soil and batteries.
2, 3
Ardmona Resource Recovery CentreArdmona
Avenel Resource Recovery CentreAvenel
Potential security issues due to remoteness. Future upgrades to increase recycling/recovery of mattresses, waste oil, e-waste and resale items.Services rural areas with no kerbside collection.
2
Barmah Resource Recovery CentreBarmah
Increased waste in summer from tourists, which can result in illegal dumping.
Blow it Mulch and Mega MulchYark
Obtaining appropriate approvals. 3
Broadford Resource Recovery CentreBroadford
Remotely located with no mains power or water on site.Requires relocation to council owned land in Industrial Lane Broadford.
Colbinabbin Resource Recovery CentreColbinabbin
Site recently fenced which creates opportunities for additional services. Optional kerbside collection in rural areas.
Crowbar DemolitionsShepparton
Opportunities for expansion. 2
Eco LogsSeymour
Opportunities for expansion. 2
Eildon Resource Recovery Centre Eildon
Challenges with site topography.Future upgrades to recycle/recover metals, plastics, e-waste, organics, aggregates masonry and soil and batteries
2, 3
Euroa Resource Recovery CentreEuroa
Potential security issues due to remoteness of site. Future upgrades to increase recycling/recovery of mattresses and e-waste. Services rural area no kerbside collection.
2
57 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Hub of importance Challenges and opportunitiesAction plan number (if applicable)
Gardners Ag ServicesKatandra
Graytown Resource Recovery CentreGraytown
Potential security issues due to remoteness of site and potential for illegal dumping. Servicing rural areas without a kerbside collection.
Gunbower Resource Recovery CentreGunbower
Optional kerbside collection for rural areas.
Kinglake Resource Recovery CentreKinglake West
Future upgrades to recover/recycle metals, plastics, e-waste, organics, aggregates masonry and soil, batteries and high quality materials for direct resale.
2, 3
Lockington Transfer StationLockington
Longwood Resource Recovery CentreLongwood
Servicing surrounding rural areas without a kerbside collection. Additional kerbside collections have been recently introduced so currently reviewing hours of operation.
Marysville Resource Recovery CentreMarysville
Very low site utilisation.Future upgrades to recover/recycle metals, plastics, e-waste and batteries.
2
Mt Scobie Recourse Recovery CentreKyabram
Murchison Resource Recovery CentreMurchison
Native vegetation on site and cultural heritage considerations.
Nagambie Resource Recovery CentreNagambie
Potential security issues due to remoteness of site. Services rural area with no kerb side collection. Future upgrades to increase recycling/recovery of mattresses and e-waste.
2
Nathalia Resource Recovery CentreNathalia
Future upgrades to recover/recycle plastics, timber, concrete, metals, commingled recyclables and organics.
2, 3
Numurkah Resource Recovery CentreNumurkah
Future upgrades to recover/recycle plastics, timber, concrete, metals, commingled recyclables and organics.
2, 3
Pental Products Shepparton
Pyalong Resource Recovery CentrePyalong
Potential security issues due to remoteness. Very low site unitisation. Viability of site to be assessed as part of the Landfill Operation RRC Feasibility Review.
Rochester Resource Recovery CentreRochester
Ruffy Resource Recovery CentreRuffy
Potential security issues due to remoteness of site. Servicing rural areas without a collection. Currently reviewing hours of operation.
Rushworth Resource Recovery CentreRushworth
Seymour Resource Recovery CentreSeymour
RRC requires relocation due to pending rehabilitation of former landfill. Site to be relocated to Mitchell Landfill to create waste management precinct in the northern sector of the shire.
St James Resource Recovery CentreSt James
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Hub of importance Challenges and opportunitiesAction plan number (if applicable)
Strathmerton Resource Recovery CentreStrathmerton
Increased waste in summer from tourism.
Toolleen Resource Recovery CentreToolleen
No kerbside service with options currently being considering.
Tungamah Resource Recovery CentreTungamah
Violet Town Resource Recovery CentreViolet Town
Services rural areas not serviced by a kerbside collection. Native vegetation considerations.
Yabba Resource Recovery CentreYabba
Buffer exists within the boundary of the site.
Yarrawonga Resource Recovery CentreYarrawonga
Increased waste during summer from tourism. Future upgrades to recover/recycle plastics, timber, concrete, metals, comingled recyclables and organics.
2, 3
Yea Resource Recovery Centre Yea
Services rural areas that do not have a kerbside service.Future upgrades for recycling/recovery of metals, plastics, e-waste, organics, aggregates masonry and soil and batteries.
2
Image above: A secure trailer load of recyclable and reusable materials being transported to a transfer station.
59 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.8 Risks and contingency planning
Waste and resource recovery groups are required to factor contingency requirements into the assessment of landfill and resource recovery needs.
Planning for, and allocating, contingency allowances ensure that sufficient landfill or reprocessing capacity is available if an adverse or emergency event occurs.
In the last decade, a wide range of natural disasters and other events of differing scales have occurred in the region highlighting the critical need for this work.
This planning also needs to consider the non-delivery of new waste and resource recovery infrastructure and if existing waste and resource recovery infrastructure is not available.
Events requiring contingency consideration can include:• Inadequate planning by landfill operators to develop
existing sites and landfill cells to ensure an ongoing cycle of planning, construction and approval of airspace to meet contractual and industry demands.
• Delays in the development of a proposed waste and resource recovery facility against expected timeframes or abandonment of such developments entirely for example insufficient funds.
• Failure of existing reprocessors to obtain required planning and works approvals for expansion.
• An adverse environmental event, within or near to the Goulburn Valley region that may:
> disrupt collection systems or access to resource recovery centres, such as a flood
> produce large quantities of waste requiring immediate disposal or recovery at short notice.
• An adverse event that closes a landfill in the short term requiring alternative disposal options for this period. Examples include police operations, on-site fires, on-site accidents or prolonged rain events or periods of extreme fire weather.
• The closure of significant waste and resource recovery infrastructure (e.g. through emergency event, market or business failure).
• Failure of industry to operate as intended and/or contracted, which can inadvertently result in potential stockpiling of source materials or end products that may ultimately mean the products will need to be managed. This would be exacerbated by any market failures for one or more end products.
• A biosecurity event (animal disease) that would require limitation to be placed on the movement of wastes within and into the region or onsite treatment processes. Such events can result in DELWP exercising its powers to commandeer a landfill for the purpose of controlled disposal of mass mortalities.
• A biosecurity event (plant, pest, disease and weed) that would require limitations on the movement of raw organics into and within the region or onsite treatment processes. Such an event could also result in significant economic and reputational damage to high value industries if not managed appropriately and in an integrated way.
Image above: Echuca Resource Recovery Centre.
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5.8.1 Resource recovery infrastructure
The GV implementation plan relies on the development of new resource recovery infrastructure to progressively reduce the reliance on landfills. Strategic risks could arise from:• Failure of new infrastructure to be delivered, failure
of processes or technologies to be approved and/or constructed to the timelines of the Infrastructure Schedule.
• Lost opportunities if markets cannot be stimulated and supported by demonstrations in technology advances.
• Lost opportunities through inability of planning and regulatory authorities to provide approval pathways and operating conditions for new technologies.
• Financial or technical failure of new resource recovery technology.
The mid-term review of the infrastructure schedule, following the five-year state infrastructure plan review (which is a legislative requirement) will mitigate this risk. The review will include an assessment of council commitment, availability of alternative waste treatment and energy from waste technology and progress through the procurement and planning approvals processes to gauge the likelihood of delivery of new infrastructure as planned.
GVWRRG will build upon the learnings of the inaugural market sounding undertaken in 2015 to undertake early engagement with councils and industry to obtain wider acceptance and awareness of the purpose of market sounding and the need to obtain accurate data (see Action 4).
In respect of the biosecurity related risks, GVWRRG will further assess the movement of unpasteurised materials into and within the region, along with the degree to which compost facilities could be used as a tool for dealing with outbreaks resulting in the need for a large scale cull.
It is recognised that while the waste and resource recovery framework seeks to limit reliance on landfills, contingency airspace capacity, and management of residuals from more advanced processing technologies will still be a necessity.
5.8.2 Landfill infrastructure
The GV implementation plan is required to sequence the filling of available airspace. The likely closure dates of existing landfills (Table 24) are based on void space available for landfill disposal.
Early closure of landfills within and near to the region within the planning period along with advances in transport efficiencies may result in increased patronage and reliance on the Patho and Cosgrove Landfills.
Both the Patho and Cosgrove landfills currently experience inflows from the Loddon Mallee and North East regions. Given the relative wealth of available airspace at these facilities, these flows don’t materially impact airspace availability within the planning period. However Patho and Cosgrove landfills will be considered as a contingency option in the event neighbouring regions have landfills that close temporarily or prematurely because of regulatory, amenity, safety or political reasons.
By offsetting the alleviation of environmental risks posed by numerous smaller landfills, there is an increased risk posed by a reliance on fewer, larger landfills. The deactivation of a large landfill sites due to an emergency event, remediation works or inability to gain timely approval for cell development are all events that would result in significant disruption to the residual disposal system.
Image above: Greater Shepparton City Council staff member deconstructing ewaste.
61 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
5.8.3 Emergency events
Emergency events can create an immediate need to safely landfill large quantities of waste.
A common dilemma is the need to remove waste promptly to help communities get ‘back to normal’ versus a more measured response which would ultimately lead to better environmental, budgetary and community outcomes.
Occupational health and safety of community, staff and contractors are paramount; natural disasters create many hazards, some of which are unforeseen. The working environment in the aftermath of an emergency event is a dynamic situation with waste management and resource recovery only one aspect of natural disaster management and recovery.
Depending on the scale of an emergency event, there are multiple landfill sites within the region that can accept most material at EPA’s discretion. In most instances this will ensure disposal requirements can be managed at short notice, hence avoiding the environmental and public health impacts that would otherwise be likely to eventuate.
There are operational challenges to providing contingency airspace in case of an emergency event. Sites with readily available airspace scheduled to accept the type of waste produced by an event may not be readily able to receive the waste at short notice. Practicalities of procurement processes and site issues such as traffic management can generally be accommodated to enable a timely solution.
A particular issue however, in the aftermath of fires and severe windstorms, is the management of asbestos waste. Current disposal options are few and those that are available have various restrictions which limit availability to the higher population centres within the region.
The requirement to observe hygiene requirements for handling asbestos bearing wastes and haul over greater distances could slow the management of a clean-up effort and could cause significant delays in the demolition and removal of debris.
In Victoria, councils develop municipal emergency recovery plans (MERP) and have designated municipal recovery managers (MRM).
Efficient waste and resource recovery management is one vital aspect of a successful recovery from a natural disaster. Efficient delivery is underpinned by being part of the overall response plan. It is vital that waste and resource recovery management forms part of each MERP. It is the responsibility of the waste management officer, with the MRM, to ensure this occurs.
Action 5 addresses the need to develop greater coordination and integration of waste and resource recovery contingency planning through establishing a group comprising EPA and regional municipal emergency recovery officer networks. A key task is to further investigate the pre-event preparation for waste and resource recovery in emergencies and the process of decision making during such events. We will continue to work with Sustainability Victoria and the other WRRGs, possibly through an annual statewide contingency planning workshop, to address contingency planning.
5.8.4 Goulburn Valley risks and contingencies
As part of developing the draft GV implementation plan we have identified the major risks to be addressed through infrastructure solutions and established contingencies to manage the risks.
We have developed our risk and contingency plan in a two-stage process:
> Attended a statewide risk and contingency workshop. > Held a regional risk and contingency workshop in
September 2015 using the Victorian Managed Insurance Authority risk management guide.
Twenty-four participants attended from across council, councillors and portfolio partners.
Participants focused on three potential regional risks:• If a key piece of current waste and resource recovery
infrastructure in the region was deactivated, reaches capacity or is required to meet an urgent need for recovery or disposal following an emergency event.
• To facilitate recovery of key material streams in the region for new and expanding infrastructure.
• Failure of end markets.
5.9 Environmental and financial performance of infrastructure
There are many factors influencing the performance of waste and resource recovery infrastructure, which play out in different ways across the state and change over time and infrastructure type, size and location. An analysis was undertaken for Victoria in 2015, which used published reports and communications with industry to identify key factors as well as considering how these have been and may influence the environmental and financial performance of infrastructure over the coming years (refer Appendix 5 for a detailed outline of these factors). This report and other relevant information have been used to inform a regional assessment to assist planning and decision-making (Table 17). Action plan actions have been listed where relevant.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 62
Table 17 Environmental and financial performance of infrastructure in the region
Infrastructure category Environmental and financial performance in the region Opportunities
RRCs Councils operate RRCs from a service focus rather than a profit motive.
RRCs classified as regional hub sites (4 sites) are able to operate on a marginally profitable or cost neutral basis given scale whereas the balance of RRCs classified local hubs (32 sites) do not recover the cost of operation.
Environmental and social value needs consideration to better inform cost benefit analysis.
Recycling markets are cyclical and financial returns on recyclables can fluctuate significantly.
End markets for recyclables are not as strong in regional centres compared to larger centres such as Melbourne.
Where recyclables need to be transported large distances for their end use the cost of handling and transport can be greater than the market value. It is often cheaper to dispose of recyclable materials to landfill than to recycle or reuse so collection systems may not be established.
Opportunity to support voluntary rationalisation of infrastructure by councils where economies of scale are low, operations are challenging and the cost per tonne of waste managed is rising or high (see Action 12).
Support advances in materials handling and logistics to unlock transport efficiencies (see Actions 6 and 7).
MRF MRF generally has relatively stable demand and pricing for commodities and mature markets.
Product from greater than 150 km radius likely to require bulk haulage solution.
Opportunity to increase recovery.
In-vessel processing of organics
Higher levels of process control afford many advantages for batch traceability and monitoring, leading to enhanced compliance and hence track record and reputational advantage.
Being licensed to take commercial and household food affords a market advantage given the lack of options to undertake this processing.
Able to accept more volatile materials and is fully appropriate for disposing of abattoir waste or other high risk materials. These higher risk materials attract a premium for disposal which can fund the increased operating costs.
Financial performance is undermined by a lack of certainty and direction in the regulation of lower technology solutions.
Quality (contamination rate) of delivered materials can increase processing costs.
Pursue greater household organics recovery and work to boost commercial food recovery. Low overall recovery for organics at 8% (see Action 3).
Assist EPA to establish greater clarity of direction for organics processing.
Investigate the use of vessel composting as a tool for dealing with biosecurity outbreaks.
Increase the quality and quantity of kerbside organics collected for processing (see Action 3).
Ensure regional capacity is available when needed to meet growing regional need (see Action 3).
63 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Open windrow processing of organics
On farm composting at smaller scale occurs mostly without regulation and with varying management techniques.
Windrow composting is more likely to suffer from odour and runoff problems.
Limitations on amounts of food and other wet organics impact business model, but process remains popular given lower cost of establishment and technology.
Larger scale operator experiences difficulty in obtaining approval to expand to intended capacity due to lack of certainty and direction in the regulation.
Varying quality of end product means that market opportunities can be limited.
Assist EPA to establish greater clarity of direction for organics processing.
Encourage operators to pursue better practice standards and obtain relevant approvals.
Wood/timber processing Low margin material markets, competing with cheap virgin materials or product imports (sometimes leading to material stockpiling).
Increased capture of up to 7% by weight in domestic and C&I residual stream.
Ensure regional capacity is available when needed to meet growing regional need (see Action 2).
Potential for alternate end uses such as refuse derived fuels or animal bedding.
Paper/cardboard Whilst relatively stable in comparison to other commodities, market price fluctuations can result in material stockpiling and/or export.
Well-developed collection systems for commercial and kerbside sources.
Leakage of paper and cardboard to landfill is lost opportunity.
Increased capture of the up to 12% by weight in domestic and C&I residual stream is paper cardboard.
Plastics Costs of processing infrastructure and transport for often low value materials.
The region is noteworthy for the depth of its plastics reprocessing sector, however it is estimated only 27% is recovered of the 18,400 tonnes managed.
Increased capture of the up to 10% by weight in domestic and C&I residual stream going to landfill.
Work with reprocessors and councils to identify services and facilities that will enable greater recovery of plastics (see Action 2).
Metals Market price fluctuations resulting in material stockpiling and/or export.
Aggregate, masonry and soils
Low margin material markets, competing with cheap virgin materials or product imports (sometimes leading to material stockpiling).
Recycled materials in pavement construction are endorsed by agencies including VicRoads, however are not as widely used in many councils.
Investigate opportunities to increase reprocessing (see Action 2).
Energy from waste (including pyrolysis, gasification and anaerobic digestion)
Regulatory gaps prolong approval times and costs.
Sourcing the large capital necessary for investment in infrastructure and equipment.
The ability to attract sufficient material volumes to reach viable economies of scale.
Work to boost commercial food recovery. Low overall recovery for organics at 8%.
Maintain communication with market sounding respondents to assess future opportunities (see Action 4).
Assess potential to development of small-scale technologies targeted to particular waste streams with high calorific value (see Action 7).
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Existing landfills In 2013 EPA undertook an assessment of the financial and environmental sustainability of rural landfills in Victoria1.
Of the five landfills operating within the region, the results of these assessment indicated that:• continued operation with the opportunity of expansion
of the landfill, is the most appropriate option (1 site)• continued operation of the landfill is the most
appropriate option (2 sites) • an alternate option to the current landfill may be
appropriate (1 site).
Increased compliance costs due to higher landfill design.
Support efforts for accurate and consistent whole-of-life costing of landfilling including provision for landfill assurance.
Investigate opportunities to pre-sort materials prior to landfilling (see Action 1).
There is an opportunity to strategically review the waste delivery model (e.g. privatise infrastructure) as part of rationalisation of infrastructure (see Action 12).
Closed landfills These sites can pose risks that are a legacy of being sited and built to the standards that were accepted as good practice at that time, but were less stringent than the standards that have applied since 2010.
EPA is responsible for overseeing landfill owners’ compliance and has implemented a better practice risk-based regulation model.
However, localised risks to the environment and surrounding community amenity can be better managed, particularly at older sites. The Victorian Auditor-General commented on improvements needed to address these risks, which the EPA and councils are currently undertaking2.
Increased compliance cost due to the higher post closure standards.
There is an opportunity to work with landfill duty holders to support greater understanding of the complexity and costs associated with addressing these issues and to work with the EPA to propose new ways to implement its risk-based approach that better suit the region’s needs clarify roles and responsibilities associated with closed landfills (see Action 10).
Assist councils to address the recommendations of the Victorian Auditor-General’s report.
1 Rural Landfill Risk Assessment Project Report, URS Australia Pty Ltd, in association with Fox-Lane Consulting, June 20132 Managing Landfills, Victorian Auditor-General’s Report, 2014
5.10 Future procurement and market development
In order to further inform the future role that GVWRRG will play in the aggregation of waste and the collaborative procurement function GVWRRG is currently undertaking research to: • Review performance of past collaborative procurement
processes.• Assess economic, environmental and social benefits of the
waste and resource recovery network for the region (this is consistent with Actions 7, 11 and 13) ‘less tangible’ impacts associated with amenity and landscape values.
• Rate the net benefits of resource recovery activities and management pathways for material categories (this will assist in addressing Action 11).
65 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
6 Land use planning and the transport network
6.1 Land use planning
All planning schemes in the State of Victoria include reference to waste and resource recovery infrastructure at clause 19.03-5 of the State Planning Policy Framework, and requires planning decision makers to consider (amongst other things) any relevant regional waste management plan. Planning decision-makers are required to have regard to clause 19.03-5 as appropriate when preparing planning scheme amendments and determining planning permit applications.
The Planning and Environment Act 1987 (Vic) establishes a framework for planning the use, development and protection of land in Victoria to meet the present and long term interests of all Victorians. A key function of the Act is to minimise the risk of any potential adverse environmental, health and safety impacts.
Clause 19.03-5 provides a link between this plan and local planning schemes from a policy perspective. Aligning this Plan with relevant local planning schemes is critical to achieve the objectives of the Framework. To facilitate this alignment GVWRRG must:
1. Inform councils Advise councils in GVWRR region that this Plan (and its Infrastructure Schedule) is the Plan referred to in clause 19.03-5 of the planning scheme and that councils should give it due consideration when exercising its planning functions.
2. Support councils and proponents seeking planning approvalsWork with relevant councils and proponents to facilitate planning approvals, where required, to implement new or expanded infrastructure.
3. Facilitate effective buffersWork with councils to resolve encroachment of sensitive uses into buffers for existing infrastructure.
These activities are consistent with Action 9.
6.1.1 Link with land use planning and waste and resource recovery infrastructure
Planning for waste and resource recovery infrastructure is inherently linked with land use planning. As the population grows we need to secure more housing, essential community infrastructure and services including waste and resource recovery facilities and transport.
A key challenge for land use planning is to balance these competing needs and interests so that we achieve an overall community benefit by developing land in a fair, orderly, economic and sustainable way.
The state infrastructure plan summarises the land use planning challenge as, “making suitably zoned land available for waste and resource recovery activities for the lifetime of industry investment. This requires planning to ensure there is well located land available with appropriate buffers and other mechanisms in place to protect sites from encroachment by incompatible land uses and the amenity of the surrounding community”.
Aligning siting requirements with both environmental and land use planning requirements is necessary to ensure the right sites are selected for essential waste and recovery infrastructure.
In order to attract initial investment and to maximise any economic gains arising from this investment, it is critical that a site can remain commercially viable and socially accepted by adjoining communities for its operating life.
Land use planning and environmental approvals, where appropriate, now require ongoing community engagement as part of the conditions of planning permits and licence approvals.
As with other essential services and infrastructure, it is important that sufficient land is available in suitable locations with appropriate approvals for the waste and resource recovery facilities that the Goulburn Valley is going to need over the next 30 years.
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As with other essential services, waste and resource recovery facility owners and operators need to implement best practices to minimise their off-site impacts.
6.2 Siting infrastructure
The Metropolitan Waste and Resource Recovery Group (MWRRG) developed high level siting criteria, for organics, non-organics and landfill infrastructure, to assist WRRGs, councils and industry with less experience in assessing the suitability of sites for resource recovery and disposal infrastructure. GVWRRG would promote this tool to councils and industry in the region when appropriate.
To support the long term future of waste facilities and landfills it is essential that there is a match between the type of facility, risk and the surrounding land uses.
Facilities likely to generate adverse off-site impacts need to be located on appropriately zoned land. In addition, appropriate buffers, or separation distances, around waste and resource recovery facilities can complement these strategic land use decisions to protect communities and the environment from potential adverse impacts such as dust, noise, odours, landfill gas migration and leachate. Preventing certain kinds of development, and land uses (such as housing and schools) from being too close to waste and resource recovery operations protects the community and waste facilities from the impacts of incompatible land uses.
The siting of waste and resource recovery infrastructure in close proximity to end markets provides employment opportunities and can offer opportunities for the co-location of alternative resource recovery facilities with other sectors, such as water and waste infrastructure. Minimising transport distances and costs, which are often a high proportion of overall costs, can increase the viability of a facility and result in financial, greenhouse and other benefits.
GVWRRG has considered the requirements of the Siting, Design and Management of Landfills: Waste Management Policy in preparing the draft GV implementation plan. As discussed in 5.6.1, the detailed analysis in developing the plan indicates that no additional landfills will be required for the region for the next 10 years and likely for the 30-year outlook of the GV implementation plan. Therefore addressing Schedule A of the policy: 'Areas where landfill sites must not be established or extended into’ was not necessary.
Work will be undertaken to identify risks and develop a strategy for closed landfills (Action 10).
6.2.1 Analysis of future needs
In the development of the draft GV implementation plan we have not identified major land use zoning challenges threatening the ongoing viability of current or proposed facilities. However during the consultation on the draft and following the finalisation of the GV implementation plan we will work with councils to identify and pursue any opportunities to better align planning schemes with the GV implementation plan. Two options are to work with councils to include:• Content from the GV implementation plan, such as strategic
objectives, in each council municipal strategic statement or other local planning policies.
• Specific reference to the GV implementation plan as a reference document in the local planning policies.
Achieving the GV implementation plan’s objectives and aligning it with individual planning schemes will require further work between GVWRRG and councils (see Action 9).
67 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
6.3 Transport
As noted in the state infrastructure plan, many areas of regional Victoria are reliant on reprocessing facilities in Melbourne under a ‘hubs-and-spokes’ waste network. This involves transporting materials regularly, sometimes over long distances, with subsequent impacts on energy resources (mostly using non-renewable fossil fuels), road networks and health, safety and environment risks. Transport of organic waste through Goulburn Valley’s peak agricultural areas also raises potential biosecurity risks for food production and transport. Where feasible, local solutions can reduce the environmental footprint of waste management and recycling, and reduce attendant risks18.
Transport features of the region:• The region is well serviced by a network of highways and major
designated roads that include the Hume Freeway, Northern, Midland, Goulburn Valley and Maroondah Highways.
• State and regional hubs exhibit good road access but access to many local hubs is variable.
• A feature of the main existing and planned infrastructure in Mitchell is the convenient access to the Wallan RRC and the Mitchell Shire Landfill via the Hume Freeway.
• In Murrindindi the heavy truck movements over the black spur are considerations for access to markets along that route.
• The occurrence of fog in the Murray Valley and mountainous areas of the south of the region have some impact on the safety of kerbside collections.
• Cosgrove Landfill is located near the Dookie-Shepparton rail line provides a potential logistic option but this is unlikely to be considered within the planning period. Given the projected life of landfilling in the area, this may become an option that is worthy of assessment in the future.
Map 7 presents the transport routes for the region.
6.3.1 The Transport Integration Act 2010 and transport planning
The Transport Integration Act 2010 (TI Act) is another key piece of relevant legislation for waste and resource recovery infrastructure. Recognising that land use and transport planning are interdependent, the TI Act requires certain agencies, like councils, to have regard to its objectives and principles when making certain decisions.
The TI Act objectives and decision-making principles are too lengthy to repeat here, but in essence they seek to promote (amongst other things):
• environmental sustainability
• integration of transport and land use (s. 11)
• integrated decision-making (s. 15)
• triple bottom line assessment.19
The principle of integrated decision-making means seeking to achieve Government policy objectives through coordination between all levels of government and government agencies and with the private sector (s. 15).
In developing the draft GV implementation plan we have reviewed it against the objectives and decision making principles.
6.3.2 Biosecurity
DELWP administer the Plant Biosecurity Act 2010 which aims to prevent the entry of plant pests and diseases as well as manage and control the spread of plant pests and diseases within Victoria. The Act also aims to enhance market access for plant and plant products in local, national and international markets.
As part of planning increased organics recovery we investigated any transport and other biosecurity risks to high value industries20. Transport of organic waste through Goulburn Valley’s peak agricultural areas also raises biosecurity risks, such as pathogens and diseases being transported to areas within the region. Relevant to transport of organic materials, the report recommended that relevant restrictions should be considered for the region (see Action 5).
18 Goulburn Valley Infrastructure capacity and needs assessment, Blue Environment, 201519 Transport Integration Act ss 10-12, 14, 15 and 16.20 Using recycled organics safely: Biosecurity and other risk management in the Goulburn Valley, Blue Environment, 2014
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Transport impacts from the movement of waste and material streams
Sustainability Victoria with support from the former Victorian Government Department of Transport Planning and Local Infrastructure, analysed congestion impacts from the movement of residual waste, commingled recyclables and garden organics collected via municipal kerbside services to their first destination points. The data was gathered directly from local governments via surveys.
This analysis indicates that the cost to the Victorian economy of increased congestion caused by the movement of these streams is around $2.5 million annually. This cost takes into consideration the cost to other road users for their lost time while in traffic and the cost of operating vehicles for a longer period of time due to traffic congestion. When viewed in consideration of all other vehicles on the road in Victoria, this constitutes less than 0.2% of the overall congestion costs in Victoria and less than 0.005% of the total distance travelled by freight vehicles in Victoria each year.
This analysis will be used to inform a more comprehensive analysis including developing the methodology to capture additional impacts to congestion and movements of other waste streams besides MSW. At the time of publishing [the statewide infrastructure plan], the data available on movement of wastes was not sufficiently comprehensive or robust to analyse all material streams. Data was available on the movement of materials collected via kerbside services to their first destination point, usually to a transfer station, resource recovery facility or landfill as these movements are managed through local government contracts. However, data on materials collected from the C&I and C&D sectors is limited. These are generally managed through contracts directly between generators and service providers and the data is not available to Sustainability Victoria.
Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan, Section 2.4.2
Background image: Shepparton RRC.Image page 70: Mulching equipment in operation, Shepparton RRC.
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71 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
7 Market sounding for waste and resource recovery infrastructure
GVWRRG, the North East (NE) WRRG and Loddon Mallee (LM) WRRG, ran a joint resource recovery infrastructure market sounding process to engage private and council waste and resource recovery facility operators to identify new or expanded facilities to meet the region’s growing needs. As well as using existing technologies the WRRGs were also looking for submissions that embraced technological advancements to increase efficiencies and innovations to maximise the recovery of valuable materials while minimising environmental and health impacts.
The process was looking for submissions on collection, consolidation, aggregation, sorting, separation, treatment and reprocessing of waste and material streams and information on perceived challenges and constraints to expansion. It aimed to demonstrate the potential to develop good working relationships within the region.
It was supported by broad stakeholder engagement to maximise participation and also aimed to identify previously unknown facilities in the region.
7.1 Relationship between the market sounding process and the infrastructure schedule
The market sounding process directly informed the development of the resource recovery infrastructure component of the schedule.
Any organisation seeking to have its new and/or expanded infrastructure included in the schedules of the North East, Goulburn Valley or Loddon Mallee regional implementation plans were required to make a submission.
While it is not a prerequisite for resource recovery infrastructure to be on the infrastructure schedule to be considered for approvals, the EPA may refuse to consider an application for a works approval or an application for the issue or amendment of a license in relation to a waste management facility if the operations of the facility could be inconsistent with the state infrastructure plan or a relevant regional implementation plan (EP Act s. 50C(1)).
The EP Act also prescribes that a council must perform its waste management functions consistently with the regional implementation plans applying to the council’s municipal district (s. 50BH).
Submissions that passed the assessment process (detailed in section 7.3.1) are listed, subject to agreement by the respondent, in the existing Infrastructure Schedule or the future resource recovery infrastructure requirements and options.
Market sounding assisted in determining the appropriate infrastructure to manage the region’s waste and resource recovery over the next 10 years.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 72
Table 18 The Goulburn Valley region’s needs and opportunities
Needs and opportunities
Industrial waste C&I and C&D waste is currently deposited in regional landfills with significant recoverable materials being landfilled.
There is potential for sorting, segregation and reprocessing of valuable materials that form part of the mixed waste stream from industrial sources.
Food organics Food waste is generated from domestic and industrial sources in the region.
While some food organics are reprocessed, the amount recovered is expected to significantly increase in the short to medium term. Additional reprocessing capacity for food organics has been identified in the short term.
Garden organics Garden organics reprocessing is well established in the region but is approaching capacity.
Additional reprocessing capacity for garden organics is likely to be needed in the medium term.
Wood and timber Some timber and wood waste is processed in the region and as such there are opportunities to increase the amount recovered.
Plastics There are opportunities to increase reprocessing of plastics in the region, particularly plastics sourced from industrial and agricultural sectors.
Aggregates, masonry and soil
There are opportunities to increase processing of concrete, brick and asphalt in the region.
Electronic waste (e-waste)
Considerable volumes of e-waste are generated in the region and future disposal to landfill is likely to be banned under new Victorian Government policy. There is opportunity to establish e-waste processing capacity in the region.
Tyres Tyre stockpiles have been identified in the region, in addition to the consistent loads currently being generated. An opportunity to establish a tyre reprocessing facility in the region has been identified.
Textiles The majority of textiles are landfilled in the region. Reprocessing opportunities have been identified in the region to increase diversion efforts.
7.2 Information provided
The market sounding provided the identified needs and opportunities listed in Table 18, information on current waste and resource recovery data, projected volumes and composition and capacity gaps to assist industry in identifying future waste and resource recovery infrastructure needs and opportunities.
73 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
7.3 Market sounding outcomes
The market sounding process and development of regional implementation plans including an infrastructure schedule is a first for Victoria and the effort respondents invested in drafting and submitting their responses is acknowledged.
Forty-five submissions across the three regions were received. However despite broad stakeholder engagement a small number of current, and possibly some prospective facility owners, did not make a submission. Some businesses noted their concerns about the protection of commercially sensitive information (this provides learnings for reviews and development of future plans) and did not submit. Additional barriers could be attributed to apathy, resourcing/workload issues (especially for small companies), computer literacy issues or the lack of a need to provide a submission, as the organisation in question has no intention of expanding or changing service provision, particularly where the facilities were already listed on schedules.
Overall there was a strong response to solutions for the Goulburn Valley region’s needs and the state infrastructure plan’s goals to maximise resource recovery opportunities and reduce waste to landfill. A very positive outcome of the process was the commitment of industry, councils and stakeholders to work together with GVWRRG to plan for and manage the region’s future needs.
7.3.1 Evaluation process
Facilities were grouped by: • new operators• expanding operators • current operators not listed in the existing infrastructure
schedule.
The strict probity and assessment process developed for the process was followed and in line with the legislative requirements and guidelines to develop the plan, an expert panel assessed the market sounding submissions against the following criteria:• ability to meet an identified regional waste and resource
recovery opportunity or need• use of technology that is proven, internationally or locally• land use planning requirements• regulatory requirements• consideration of community concerns and impacts.
7.3.2 Outcomes
Of the 31 submissions received for the Goulburn Valley region, one was non-compliant. Table 19 provides details and outcomes for the 30 compliant submissions received.
Table 19 Number of submissions received and outcomes
Number Infrastructure type Outcomes
GV region
17Expanded existing infrastructure
Sixteen existing expanded infrastructure will be listed in the Future resource recovery infrastructure requirements and options Table 22
Echuca RRC was ineligible to be listed in the schedule as it did not actually include infrastructure expansion (see Table 16 Strategic analysis of hubs)
5 New infrastructure
One submission will be listed on the Existing resource recovery infrastructure (Table 20)
Four submissions will be included in the Future resource recovery infrastructure requirements and options (Table 22) noting that one was in the early stages of planning and the other three, although more advanced, were not adequately advanced to be included in the Infrastructure schedule
3 Existing facilities Three included in the Existing resource recovery infrastructure (Table 20)
GV, NE and LM regions
5 New infrastructure Not included as insufficient information provided due to infancy of the proposals
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 74
7.4 Possible technologies identified for the region
Four submissions proposed technological solutions for specific waste materials that was of interest to the three groups but only one in the region, Waranga Green Energy for anaerobic digestion, has approvals and is included in the schedule.
The other three submissions were general in nature without identified sites. The three WRRGs remain interested in any ideas
Image above: Compost being applied under vines at Monichino’s winery near Katunga.
that are advanced and address the needs identified by the WRRGs.
GVWRRG will ensure that successive market sounding processes enable appropriate evaluation of proposals that exhibit greater reliance on developing technologies. Furthermore we will need to ensure greater integration with councils, major generators, reprocessors and technology providers (see Action 4).
75 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
8 Infrastructure schedules
The EP Act requires the GV implementation plan to include a schedule of the existing and required waste and resource recovery infrastructure within the region to enable strategic planning to identify the gaps in the existing infrastructure required to meet the strategic objectives for the region and plan for future needs.
GVWRRG has worked with its neighbouring WRRGs, North East and Loddon Mallee, as part of developing the schedule to ensure consistency and alignment with the infrastructure schedules across the state.
To the knowledge of GVWRRG, all relevant existing facilities have been included on this schedule. Please note that inclusion of an existing facility in this schedule should not in any way be constructed as a warranty or representation as to the quality, compliance, effectiveness or suitability of the facilities included. While GVWRRG has made every effort to compile this information accurately and completely, the list of facilities included, information and comments in the ‘other considerations’ section are not exhaustive, and are provided to generally facilitate the achievement of the objectives of the EP Act. Further information about individual facilities should be sought from the EPA or (where appropriate) owners or operators of facilities.
Future reviews of the GV implementation plan may identify that the need and or location of future resource recovery and landfill infrastructure listed in the schedule no longer presents the preferred option for the region. If this is the case then the schedule will be amended.
The schedule is split into parts:
Part A Resource recovery infrastructure
Lists where the resource recovery infrastructure is currently located, the timeframe in which additional infrastructure may be required and the general type, location and other requirements of the new infrastructure.
It will play an important role in informing planning, particularly land use planning on where land should be made available to conduct and, where appropriate, expand current resource recovery activities and establish new facilities as required. Early and appropriate land use planning ensures impacts of these activities on the environment, public health and amenity of the surrounding community are minimised.
Part B Landfill infrastructure
Lists current landfill infrastructure, including the likely date of closure and proposed sequencing of filling.
This schedule is restricted to landfill capacity in the Goulburn Valley region but its development considered waste flows that may enter the region from other areas of the state.
Work with councils to ensure appropriate buffers are defined, allowing for sound planning decisions to be made for land development in the vicinity of any new landfills listed in the schedule.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 76
Aligning the schedules with planning schemes
Aligning the GV implementation plan with relevant local planning schemes is critical to achieve the objectives of the Framework. As discussed in greater detail in Section 6.1 Land use planning, to facilitate this alignment GVWRRG must:
1. Inform councilsAdvise councils in GVWRR region that this Plan (and its Infrastructure Schedule) is the Plan referred to in clause 19.03-5 of the planning scheme and that councils should give it due consideration when exercising its planning functions.
2. Support councils and proponents seeking planning approvalsWork with relevant councils and proponents to inform planning approvals, where required, to implement new or expanded infrastructure.
3. Facilitate effective buffersWork with councils to resolve encroachment of sensitive uses into buffers for existing infrastructure.
Image above: Landfill compactor operating at Cobram landfill.
8.1.1
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77
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spe
(S)
MSW
SI
79
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Site
nam
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cilit
y ow
ner
GIS
loca
tion
Add
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Loca
l go
vern
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ea
Maj
or m
ater
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ams
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aged
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Oth
er c
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Long
itude
Latit
ude
Mur
chis
on R
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rce
Rec
over
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entr
eG
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
) 14
5 11
’37.
47E
36 3
7’20
.65S
Cnr
Old
Whr
oo R
d an
d C
assi
dy R
d M
urch
ison
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
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(C
)M
SW
SI
Nag
ambi
e R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y C
entr
eSt
rath
bogi
e (S
)14
5 11
’42.
87E
36 4
7’41
.95S
McD
onal
d’s
Rd
Nag
ambi
eSt
rath
bogi
e (S
)M
SW
SIU
pgra
des
to in
crea
se
reco
very
Nat
halia
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Moi
ra (
S)14
5 11
’09.
74E
36 0
4’59
.71S
Shep
part
on-B
arm
ah R
d an
d B
alls
Rd
Nat
halia
Moi
ra (
S)M
SW
SIU
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des
to in
crea
se
reco
very
Num
urka
h R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y C
entr
e M
oira
(S)
145
29’3
2.82
E36
04’
05.
20S
Nar
ing
Rd
Num
urka
hM
oira
(S)
MSW
SI
Upg
rade
s to
incr
ease
re
cove
ry
Pyal
ong
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Mitc
hell
(S)
144
51’5
2.76
E 37
06’
48.0
5SLa
dder
hill
Rd
Pyal
ong
Mitc
hell
(S)
MSW
SI
Roc
hest
er R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y C
entr
eC
ampa
spe
(S)
144
42’3
6.93
E36
21’0
4.92
SH
igh
St R
oche
ster
Cam
pasp
e (S
)M
SW
SI
Ruff
y R
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rce
Rec
over
y C
entr
e St
rath
bogi
e (S
)14
5 30
’09.
78E
36 5
8’25
.10S
Red
gate
Lan
e/Lo
ngw
ood
Ruff
y R
d R
uffy
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
MSW
SI
Rus
hwor
th R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y C
entr
e C
ampa
spe
(S)
145
00
’03.
37E
36 3
6’0
1.08S
Nin
e M
ile R
dR
ushw
orth
Cam
pasp
e (S
)M
SW
SI
Seym
our
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Mitc
hell
(S)
145
09’
08.
17E
37 0
3’07
.89S
Hum
e an
d H
ovel
Rd
Seym
our
Mitc
hell
(S)
MSW
SI
Rel
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of e
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ing
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Shep
part
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Rec
over
y C
entr
e G
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
) 14
5 23
’18.0
4E
36 2
0’5
7.70
SW
anga
nui R
dSh
eppa
rton
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
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(C
)M
SW
SIU
pgra
des
to in
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se
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very
St J
ames
Res
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e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Moi
ra (
S)14
5 52
’30.
67E
36 16
’39.
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’s R
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(S)
MSW
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Stra
thm
erto
n R
esou
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Rec
over
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entr
e M
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(S)
145
31’2
0.80
E35
55’
28.9
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y Va
lley
Hw
y St
rath
mer
ton
Moi
ra (
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SW
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80
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raft
Gou
lbur
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Was
te a
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esou
rce
Rec
over
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plem
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Plan
May
20
16
Site
nam
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cilit
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ner
GIS
loca
tion
Add
ress
Loca
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vern
men
t ar
ea
Maj
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ater
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ams
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Oth
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Long
itude
Latit
ude
Tool
leen
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Cam
pasp
e (S
)14
4 41
’32.
87E
36 4
3’0
5.49
SC
orne
lla T
oolle
en R
dTo
olle
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spe
(S)
MSW
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Tung
amah
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Moi
ra (
S)14
5 52
’57.
14E
36 0
8’55
.66S
Tung
amah
Rd
Tung
amah
Moi
ra (
S)M
SW
SI
Vio
let
Tow
n R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y C
entr
e St
rath
bogi
e (S
)14
5 41
’56.
21E
36 3
8’54
.96S
McD
iarm
ids
Rd
Vio
let
Tow
nSt
rath
bogi
e (S
)M
SW
SI
Wal
lan
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Mitc
hell
(S)
144
59’5
8.95
E37
25’
03.
15S
Free
way
Driv
eW
alla
nM
itche
ll (S
)M
SW
SIEx
pans
ion
to
incr
ease
reco
very
Yabb
a R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y C
entr
e M
oira
(S)
145
39’0
3.42
E 36
14’4
0.56
SYa
bba
Sout
h R
d Ya
bba
Moi
ra (
S)M
SW
SI
Yarr
awon
ga R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y C
entr
e M
oira
(S)
146
00
’09.
34E
36 0
2’25
.21S
Cha
nnel
Rd
Yarr
awon
gaM
oira
(S)
MSW
SIU
pgra
des
to in
crea
se
reco
very
Yea
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)14
5 22
’23.
20E
37 0
9’42
.57S
Ghi
n G
hin
Rd
Yea
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)M
SWSI
Upg
rade
s to
incr
ease
re
cove
ry
Res
ourc
e re
cove
ry R
RC
/TS,
co-
loca
ted
at la
ndfil
l
Cob
ram
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Cen
tre
Moi
ra (
S)14
5 41
’49.
09E
35 5
7’14
.26S
Pye
Rd
Cob
ram
Moi
ra (
S)
MSW
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des
to in
crea
se
reco
very
Res
ourc
e re
cove
ry M
RF
Ellw
aste
MR
F El
liott
Hol
ding
s (A
ust)
Pty
Ltd
144
45’4
4.0
17E
36 0
8’51
.169S
Rel
ianc
e C
rt E
chuc
aC
ampa
spe
(S)
Com
min
gled
re
cycl
able
s
Rep
roce
ssor
org
anic
s, fo
od
Res
ourc
e R
esol
utio
nR
esou
rce
Res
olut
ion
144
58’5
3.60
9E36
21’1
9.22
8S15
Cur
r R
oad
Girg
arre
Cam
pasp
e (S
)O
rgan
ics
– fo
od
was
te
Site
nam
eFa
cilit
y ow
ner
GIS
loca
tion
Add
ress
Loca
l go
vern
men
t ar
ea
Maj
or m
ater
ial
stre
ams
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aged
on
site
Oth
er c
onsi
dera
tions
Long
itude
Latit
ude
Rep
roce
ssor
org
anic
s, g
arde
n
Bio
mix
Bio
mix
144
55’2
9.54
9E36
29’
42.7
34S
980
Tw
o Tr
ee R
oad
Stan
hope
Cam
pasp
e (S
)
Org
anic
s –
gard
en, o
ther
, fo
od w
aste
, str
aw,
bios
olid
s an
d m
anur
e
Upg
rade
s to
incr
ease
re
cove
ry
Blo
w it
Mul
ch a
nd M
ega
Mul
chA
ztec
Indu
strie
s Pt
y Lt
d14
5 37
’07.
739E
37 0
7’46
.934
S63
09
Mar
oond
ah H
wy
Yark
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)O
rgan
ics
– ga
rden
an
d tim
ber
Rep
roce
ssor
org
anic
s, o
rgan
ics
Car
l Bro
wn
Car
l Bro
wn
144
46’4
8.75
2E36
32’
39.5
12S
3196
Hea
thco
te
Roc
hest
er R
d C
olbi
nabb
in
Cam
pasp
e (S
)O
rgan
ics
– m
anur
e
Cos
ta M
ushr
oom
sC
osta
Mus
hroo
ms
145
09’
16.9
35E
36 4
7’3.
506S
347
Zane
lli R
oad
Nag
ambi
eSt
rath
bogi
e (S
)O
rgan
ics
Envi
ro 2
100
Envi
ro 2
100
145
30’4
.00
9E36
45’
8.60
6S57
8 D
rysd
ale
Roa
d Eu
roa
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
Org
anic
s –
gard
en, o
ther
, bi
osol
ids,
food
w
aste
and
dea
d an
imal
s
Gar
dner
s A
g Se
rvic
esSu
prem
e So
ils
145
34’4
4.77
4E
36 14
’33.
799S
800
Kat
andr
a M
ain
Roa
d K
atan
dra
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
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(C
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rgan
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anur
e an
d st
raw
Hum
us C
ompo
stin
gW
adre
f Hum
ified
C
ompo
st P
ty L
td
145
39’15
.386
E36
42’
26.7
52S
119
Bal
mat
tum
Chu
rch
Rd
Euro
aSt
rath
bogi
e (S
)O
rgan
ics
– m
anur
e
Wes
tern
Com
post
ing
Tech
nolo
gy
Wes
tern
Com
post
ing
Tech
nolo
gy P
ty L
td14
5 22
’36.
98E
36 19
’35.
584S
165
Dal
dy R
dSh
eppa
rton
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
rton
(C
)O
rgan
ics
– ga
rden
an
d fo
od w
aste
81
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Site
nam
eFa
cilit
y ow
ner
GIS
loca
tion
Add
ress
Loca
l go
vern
men
t ar
ea
Maj
or m
ater
ial
stre
ams
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aged
on
site
Oth
er c
onsi
dera
tions
Long
itude
Latit
ude
Rep
roce
ssor
org
anic
s, w
ood/
timbe
r
Eco
Logs
Eco
Logs
145
10’14
.17E
37 0
3’9.
85S
13-1
5 D
arcy
St
Seym
our
Mitc
hell
(S)
Org
anic
s –
saw
dust
Gou
lbur
n R
iver
Tro
utG
oulb
urn
Riv
er T
rout
145
46’2
0.87
7E37
14’15
.72S
1680
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Hig
hway
Ale
xand
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urrin
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i (S)
Org
anic
s –
timbe
r
Seym
our
Shav
ings
and
Saw
dust
Sup
plie
sSe
ymou
r Sh
avin
gs
and
Saw
dust
Su
pplie
s14
5 07
’59.
063
E37
01’1
7.7S
Eliz
abet
h St
Sey
mou
rM
itche
ll (S
)O
rgan
ics
– tim
ber,
othe
r, m
anur
e
Rep
roce
ssor
org
anic
s, o
ther
Pent
al S
oaps
Pe
ntal
Soa
ps
145
25’2
3.57
7E36
22’
9.54
1S48
Dru
mm
ond
Roa
d Sh
eppa
rton
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
rton
(C
)O
rgan
ics
– ot
her
Rep
roce
ssor
pap
er a
nd c
ardb
oard
Foot
t W
aste
and
Rec
yclin
gFo
ott
Was
te a
nd
Rec
yclin
g14
5 26
’7.10
1E36
23’
16.4
58S
10C
arro
ll R
d Sh
eppa
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Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
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(C
)
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r an
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ting
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ific
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strie
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ansp
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c W
aste
M
anag
emen
t Pt
y Lt
d14
5 25
’27.
685E
36 2
2’34
.795
S73
Old
Doo
kie
Roa
d Sh
eppa
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Gre
ater
Sh
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per,
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d pl
astic
Rep
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ssor
pla
stic
s
Elite
Man
ufac
turin
gEl
ite M
anuf
actu
ring
145
28’6
.848
E36
23’
13.6
86S
35 S
wai
nsto
n R
oad
Shep
part
on E
ast
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
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(C
)Pl
astic
s
Plas
tic F
ores
ts P
ty L
tdPl
astic
For
ests
Pty
Lt
d14
5 29
’51.7
34E
35 5
5’29
.14S
4990
Mur
ray
Valle
y H
ighw
ay S
trat
hmer
ton
Moi
ra (
S)Pl
astic
s –
LDPE
, H
DPE
and
po
lypr
opyl
ene
RPM
Pip
eR
ecyc
led
Plas
tic
Pipe
Man
ufac
ture
rs
145
05’
48.2
45E
36 18
’53.
226S
280
Kya
bram
Roa
d La
ncas
ter
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
rton
(C
)
Plas
tics
– H
DPE
and
po
lypr
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ene
82
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
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aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
83
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
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aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Site
nam
eFa
cilit
y ow
ner
GIS
loca
tion
Add
ress
Loca
l go
vern
men
t ar
ea
Maj
or m
ater
ial
stre
ams
man
aged
on
site
Oth
er c
onsi
dera
tions
Long
itude
Latit
ude
Rep
roce
ssor
agg
rega
tes,
mas
onry
and
soi
l
Bev
erid
ge S
coria
Bev
erid
ge S
coria
144
58’3
8.71
1E37
28’
3.77
S61
Min
ton
Stre
et
Bev
erid
geM
itche
ll (S
)A
ggre
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Dem
oliti
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Bre
ndan
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eefe
de
mol
ition
and
re
cycl
ing
145
25’5
1.266
E36
22’
38.19
7SC
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r D
oyle
s an
d O
ld D
ooki
e R
oad
Shep
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Gre
ater
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)
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ics
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and
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emol
ition
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ith M
cCra
e14
5 25
’44.
133E
36 2
0’3
5.97
S22
5 G
raha
mva
le R
d Sh
eppa
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Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
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(C
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Con
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ricks
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gani
cs –
tim
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and
met
al
Rep
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ssor
oth
er
Aus
sie
Dru
m F
urni
ture
Aus
sie
Dru
m
Furn
iture
145
12’4
9.51
E36
21’1
9.85
S73
0 M
anle
y R
oad
Gill
iest
onG
reat
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part
on (
C)
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ous
stee
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astic
– H
DPE
an
d or
gani
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tim
ber
Ener
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erob
ic d
iges
ter
War
anga
Gre
en E
nerg
yW
aran
ga G
reen
En
ergy
Pty
Ltd
145
0’2
3.51
5E36
28’
25.0
46S
223
Hill
Roa
dSt
anho
peC
ampa
spe
(S)
C&
I org
anic
s N
ew in
fras
truc
ture
20
17
8.1.2
Fut
ure
reso
urce
reco
very
infr
astr
uctu
re n
eeds
Tabl
e 21
indi
cate
s th
e po
tent
ial n
eed
for
new
infr
astr
uctu
re c
apac
ity b
ased
on
busi
ness
as
usua
l mod
ellin
g21 o
f inf
rast
ruct
ure
capa
city
an
d ne
eds.
It in
dica
tes
a fu
ture
infr
astr
uctu
re n
eed
for
only
tw
o m
ater
ial s
trea
ms,
food
and
gar
den
betw
een
2016
-20.
Wes
tern
Com
post
ing
Tech
nolo
gy in
dica
ted
it ha
s in
fras
truc
ture
cap
acity
to m
anag
e cu
rren
t de
man
d an
d m
ay c
onsi
der
expa
nsio
n op
tions
ove
r tim
e.
It s
houl
d al
so b
e no
ted
that
it is
ver
y di
fficu
lt to
det
erm
ine
the
pote
ntia
l nee
d fo
r ne
w in
fras
truc
ture
giv
en c
ompl
etio
n fo
r fe
edst
ock
and
the
impa
ct o
f reg
ulat
ory
limita
tions
pla
ced
upon
est
ablis
hmen
t or
exp
ansi
on o
f fac
ilitie
s.
Tabl
e 21
Indi
catio
n of
pot
entia
l nee
d fo
r new
infr
astr
uctu
re c
apac
ity
Faci
lity
type
Year
cur
rent
inst
alle
d ca
paci
ty c
ould
pot
entia
lly b
e ex
ceed
ed
2016
-20
2021
-25
2026
-30
2031
-35
2036
-40
2041
-45
Rep
roce
ssin
g or
gani
cs
fo
od a
nd g
arde
n
The
mar
ket
soun
ding
iden
tified
pla
ns to
exp
and
exis
ting
and
build
new
faci
litie
s th
at w
ould
del
iver
add
ition
al re
proc
essi
ng c
apac
ity in
the
regi
on to
incr
ease
reco
very
of m
ater
ials
and
div
ert
them
fr
om la
ndfil
l. Ta
ble
22 li
sts
the
prop
osed
infr
astr
uctu
re o
ptio
ns id
entifi
ed in
the
mar
ket
soun
ding
pro
cess
.
84
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
infr
astr
uctu
re c
apac
ity a
nd n
eeds
ass
essm
ent,
Blu
e En
viro
nmen
t, 20
15
85
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Tabl
e 22
Fut
ure
reso
urce
reco
very
infr
astr
uctu
re re
quire
men
ts a
nd o
ptio
ns
Who
Infr
astr
uctu
re ty
peCa
tego
ryG
ener
al
loca
tion
Mat
eria
l str
eam
s to
be
man
aged
Like
ly
star
t da
teRe
ason
for n
eed
Oth
er re
quire
men
ts
Exis
ting
faci
lity
with
cha
nged
or
expa
ndin
g in
fras
truc
ture
Cam
pasp
e (S
)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
Echu
ca20
17Im
prov
e en
viro
nmen
tal p
erfo
rman
ce
and
redu
ce e
nviro
nmen
tal r
isks
to t
he
com
mun
ity
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
rton
(C
)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
, SI
Shep
part
on
Con
cret
e, b
rick
and
bitu
men
and
or
gani
cs
2017
Sign
ifica
nt s
ite u
pgra
de to
ena
ble
high
er re
cove
ry ra
tes
Add
ition
al p
erm
its a
re re
quire
d bu
t ha
ve n
ot b
een
obta
ined
Mitc
hell
(S)
RR
C/T
S, s
tand
alo
neM
SW, S
IW
alla
n Ea
st
Com
min
gled
recy
clab
les,
met
al, e
-was
te,
plas
tics,
was
te o
il, b
atte
ries,
mat
tres
ses
and
tyre
sTB
ATo
cat
er fo
r in
crea
sed
dem
and
from
re
side
ntia
l gro
wth
Expa
nsio
nA
dditi
onal
per
mits
are
requ
ired
but
have
not
bee
n ob
tain
ed
Moi
ra (
S)R
RC
/TS,
co-
loca
ted
MSW
, SI
Cob
ram
Plas
tics,
tim
ber,
conc
rete
, met
als,
co
mm
ingl
ed re
cycl
able
s an
d or
gani
cs
TBA
Max
imis
ing
reso
urce
reco
very
Moi
ra (
S)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
, SI
Nat
halia
Plas
tics,
tim
ber,
conc
rete
, met
als,
co
mm
ingl
ed re
cycl
able
s an
d or
gani
csTB
AM
axim
isin
g re
sour
ce re
cove
ry
Moi
ra (
S)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
, SI
Num
urka
hPl
astic
s, t
imbe
r, co
ncre
te, m
etal
s,
com
min
gled
recy
clab
les
and
orga
nics
TBA
Max
imis
ing
reso
urce
reco
very
Moi
ra (
S)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
, SI
Yarr
awon
gaPl
astic
s, t
imbe
r, co
ncre
te, m
etal
s,
com
min
gled
recy
clab
les
and
orga
nics
TBA
Max
imis
ing
reso
urce
reco
very
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
, SI
Mar
ysvi
lleM
etal
s, p
last
ics,
e-w
aste
, and
bat
terie
s20
19Si
te u
pgra
de to
bet
ter
mee
t th
e ne
eds
of t
he c
omm
unity
Add
ition
al p
erm
its a
re re
quire
d bu
t ha
ve n
ot b
een
obta
ined
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
, SI
Ale
xand
raM
etal
s, p
last
ics,
e-w
aste
, org
anic
s,
aggr
egat
es m
ason
ry a
nd s
oil a
nd
batt
erie
s20
18M
axim
isin
g re
sour
ce re
cove
ryA
dditi
onal
per
mits
are
requ
ired
but
have
not
bee
n ob
tain
ed
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
, SI
Kin
glak
eM
etal
s, p
last
ics,
e-w
aste
, org
anic
s,
aggr
egat
es m
ason
ry a
nd s
oil a
nd
batt
erie
s20
20Si
te u
pgra
de to
bet
ter
mee
t th
e ne
eds
of t
he c
omm
unity
Add
ition
al p
erm
its a
re re
quire
d bu
t ha
ve n
ot b
een
obta
ined
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)R
RC
/TS,
sta
nd a
lone
MSW
Yea
Met
als,
pla
stic
s, e
-was
te, o
rgan
ics,
ag
greg
ates
mas
onry
and
soi
l and
ba
tter
ies
2019
Site
upg
rade
to b
ette
r m
eet
the
need
s of
the
com
mun
ityA
dditi
onal
per
mits
are
requ
ired
but
have
not
bee
n ob
tain
ed
Who
Infr
astr
uctu
re ty
peCa
tego
ryG
ener
al
loca
tion
Mat
eria
l str
eam
s to
be
man
aged
Like
ly
star
t da
teRe
ason
for n
eed
Oth
er re
quire
men
ts
Exis
ting
faci
lity
with
cha
nged
or
expa
ndin
g in
fras
truc
ture
Mur
rindi
ndi
(S)
RR
C/T
S, s
tand
alo
neM
SW, S
IEi
ldon
M
etal
s, p
last
ics,
e-w
aste
, org
anic
s,
aggr
egat
es m
ason
ry a
nd s
oil a
nd
batt
erie
s20
19Si
te u
pgra
de to
bet
ter
mee
t th
e ne
eds
of t
he c
omm
unity
Add
ition
al p
erm
its a
re re
quire
d bu
t ha
ve n
ot b
een
obta
ined
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
RR
C/T
S, s
tand
alo
neM
SW S
IEu
roa
E-w
aste
and
mat
tres
ses
TBA
Site
upg
rade
to b
ette
r m
eet
the
need
s of
the
com
mun
ityA
dditi
onal
per
mits
are
requ
ired
but
have
not
bee
n ob
tain
ed
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
RR
C/T
S, s
tand
alo
neM
SW, S
IN
agam
bie
E-w
aste
and
mat
tres
ses
TBA
Site
upg
rade
to b
ette
r m
eet
the
need
s of
the
com
mun
ityA
dditi
onal
per
mits
are
requ
ired
but
have
not
bee
n ob
tain
ed
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
RR
C/T
S, s
tand
alo
neM
SW, S
IA
vene
lE-
was
te, m
attr
esse
s an
d w
aste
oil
TBA
Site
upg
rade
to b
ette
r m
eet
the
need
s of
the
com
mun
ityA
dditi
onal
per
mits
are
requ
ired
but
have
not
bee
n ob
tain
ed
Bio
mix
Rep
roce
ssor
or
gani
cs, g
arde
nM
SW, S
ISt
anho
peG
arde
n w
aste
and
food
org
anic
s20
16To
acc
omm
odat
e pl
anne
d in
flow
s fr
om
mun
icip
al a
nd c
omm
erci
al c
ontr
acts
New
infr
astr
uctu
re
Gre
ater
Sh
eppa
rton
(C
)
RR
C, c
o-lo
cate
d at
la
ndfil
lM
SW, S
IC
osgr
ove
Bui
ldin
g an
d co
nstr
uctio
n, c
oncr
ete,
tim
ber
and
orga
nics
, ind
ustr
ial w
aste
2017
Esta
blis
hmen
t of
infr
astr
uctu
re to
pre
-so
rt s
elec
ted
load
s pr
ior
to la
ndfil
lA
dditi
onal
per
mits
are
requ
ired
but
have
not
yet
bee
n ob
tain
ed
Mitc
hell
(S)
RR
C/T
S, s
tand
alo
ne
MSW
, SI
Bro
adfo
rdC
omm
ingl
ed re
cycl
able
s, m
etal
, e-w
aste
, pl
astic
s, w
aste
oil,
bat
terie
s, m
attr
esse
s an
d ty
res
>20
21A
cces
s an
d lim
itatio
ns o
f exi
stin
g si
te
rest
ricts
its
abili
ty to
mee
t co
mm
unity
ex
pect
atio
ns a
nd g
row
th
Rel
ocat
ion
of e
xist
ing
site
Add
ition
al p
erm
its a
re re
quire
d bu
t ha
ve n
ot y
et b
een
obta
ined
Mitc
hell
(S)
RR
C/T
S, c
o-lo
cate
dM
SW, S
ISe
ymou
rC
omm
ingl
ed re
cycl
able
s, m
etal
, e-w
aste
, pl
astic
s, w
aste
oil,
bat
terie
s, m
attr
esse
s an
d ty
res
2017
Nec
essa
ry d
ue to
imm
inen
t re
habi
litat
ion
of fo
rmer
Sey
mou
r la
ndfil
l at
curr
ent
site
Rel
ocat
ion
of e
xist
ing
site
Add
ition
al p
erm
its a
re re
quire
d bu
t ha
ve n
ot y
et b
een
obta
ined
Mitc
hell
(S)
Rep
roce
ssor
or
gani
cs, g
arde
nM
SW, S
IM
itche
ll Sh
ire
– so
uthe
rnG
arde
n w
aste
and
food
org
anic
s 20
18Pr
oces
sing
sol
utio
n fo
r pl
anne
d ke
rbsi
de c
olle
ctio
n
Site
yet
to b
e se
cure
dA
dditi
onal
per
mits
are
requ
ired
but
have
not
yet
bee
n ob
tain
ed
86
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
8.2
Part
B L
andfi
ll in
fras
truc
ture
sch
edul
e
Part
B o
f the
Sch
edul
e is
rest
ricte
d to
land
fill i
nfra
stru
ctur
e an
d in
clud
es:
• op
erat
ing
licen
sed
land
fills
• op
erat
ing
land
fills
exe
mpt
from
lice
nsin
g•
land
fills
tha
t ha
ve c
lose
d in
the
last
30
yea
rs.
The
purp
ose
of t
his
sche
dule
is to
iden
tify
optio
ns fo
r fu
ture
land
fill c
apac
ity in
the
regi
on.
The
EP A
ct re
quire
s th
e w
aste
and
reso
urce
reco
very
por
tfol
io to
min
imis
e th
e de
velo
pmen
t an
d us
e of
land
fills
, whi
le p
rovi
ding
suffi
cien
t la
ndfil
l airs
pace
nee
d fo
r th
e di
spos
al o
f res
idua
l was
te. T
he p
urpo
se o
f sch
edul
ing
land
fill i
nfra
stru
ctur
e is
to:
• En
sure
that
eac
h re
gion
has
an
adeq
uate
am
ount
of l
andfi
ll ca
paci
ty, t
o en
sure
the
safe
an
d sa
nita
ry d
ispo
sal o
f was
tes
that
are
not
reco
vere
d, fo
r at l
east
the
next
10 y
ears
.•
Min
imis
e th
e de
velo
pmen
t an
d us
e of
land
fills
for
the
man
agem
ent
of w
aste
in
Vic
toria
as
per
sect
ion
9(3)
of t
he W
aste
Man
agem
ent
Polic
y (S
iting
, Des
ign
and
Man
agem
ent
of L
andfi
lls).
• Pr
opos
e th
e se
quen
ce fo
r the
filli
ng o
f ava
ilabl
e la
ndfil
l site
s fo
r at l
east
the
next
10 y
ears
.•
Prov
ide
estim
atio
ns o
f the
inte
nded
or
likel
y cl
osur
e da
te fo
r th
e la
ndfil
ls t
hat
are
liste
d in
the
sch
edul
e.•
Rep
ort
on t
he re
habi
litat
ion
stat
us fo
r cl
osed
land
fills
with
in t
he G
oulb
urn
Valle
y re
gion
tha
t ha
ve b
een
rece
ntly
clo
sed
(in
the
past
30
yea
rs)
to d
rive
effec
tive
reha
bilit
atio
n an
d to
ens
ure
that
the
pub
lic a
re in
form
ed o
f lan
dfills
tha
t re
quire
mor
e ac
tive
man
agem
ent.
• En
sure
tha
t fu
ture
land
fill c
apac
ity n
eeds
are
pla
nned
for
to e
nabl
e ap
prop
riate
bu
ffer
s to
be
know
n an
d de
fined
, allo
win
g fo
r so
und
plan
ning
dec
isio
ns to
be
mad
e fo
r la
nd d
evel
opm
ent
in t
he v
icin
ity o
f any
new
land
fills
tha
t ar
e lis
ted
in t
he s
ched
ule.
Unl
ike
reso
urce
reco
very
infr
astr
uctu
re, i
f a p
ropo
sed
land
fill o
pera
tor
is to
obt
ain
appr
oval
from
the
EPA
to c
omm
ence
wor
ks, i
ts s
ite m
ust
be li
sted
on
the
rele
vant
regi
onal
im
plem
enta
tion
plan
infr
astr
uctu
re s
ched
ule
othe
rwis
e ap
prov
al c
anno
t be
gra
nted
from
th
e EP
A.
If a
land
fill s
ite, p
rior
to b
eing
issu
ed a
wor
ks a
ppro
val,
plan
ning
per
mit
and
licen
ce, i
s fo
und,
th
roug
h th
e in
fras
truc
ture
sch
edul
ing
proc
ess
(Par
t B
) to
no
long
er b
e th
e m
ost
suita
ble
optio
n to
ser
vice
the
nee
ds id
entifi
ed b
y G
VW
RR
G, t
hen
it ca
n be
rem
oved
from
the
sch
edul
e an
d su
itabl
e al
tern
ativ
es s
ched
uled
if n
ew in
fras
truc
ture
is s
till r
equi
red.
Thi
s re
view
will
be
unde
rtak
en a
s pa
rt o
f the
mid
term
revi
ew o
f thi
s pl
an.
The
Land
fill I
nfra
stru
ctur
e Sc
hedu
le in
clud
es:
• Ta
ble
23 E
xist
ing
land
fills
• Ta
ble
24 P
roje
cted
ava
ilabl
e la
ndfil
l airs
pace
, 20
16-4
5•
Tabl
e 25
Reh
abili
tatio
n st
atus
of c
lose
d la
ndfil
ls.
87
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Abb
revi
atio
ns u
sed
in t
hese
tab
les:
•
MSW
for
mun
icip
al s
olid
was
te•
SI fo
r so
lid in
ert
was
te fr
om t
he in
dust
rial s
ecto
r th
at in
clud
es C
&I a
nd C
&D
• C
at. C
for
Cat
egor
y C
88
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
8.2.
1 Exi
stin
g la
ndfil
ls
Tabl
e 23
list
s th
e ex
istin
g la
ndfil
ls a
nd d
etai
ls.
Tabl
e 23
Exi
stin
g la
ndfil
ls
Site
nam
eLo
catio
n an
d LG
AG
IS c
oord
inat
es
Faci
lity
owne
rEP
A
Was
te ty
pes
acce
pted
A
ppro
ved
Like
ly
Latit
ude
Long
itude
lic
ence
nu
mbe
r ES
Putr
esci
ble
Solid
in
ert
Oth
erai
rspa
ce
rem
aini
ng –
ye
ars
clos
ure
date
*
Ale
xand
ra
Land
fill
Mt
Plea
sant
Rd
Ale
xand
ra, M
urrin
dind
i (S)
145
43’18
.62E
37 12
’40.
57S
Mur
rindi
ndi
Shire
Cou
ncil
3167
3
24
2040
Cob
ram
La
ndfil
lPy
e R
d (N
orth
Of M
urra
y Va
lley
Hw
y)
Cob
ram
, Moi
ra (
S)14
5 41
'49.
09E
35 5
7'14
.26S
Moi
ra S
hire
C
ounc
il 69
514
>30
>20
45
Cos
grov
e La
ndfil
lC
nr Q
uarr
y R
d &
Cos
grov
e-Le
mno
s R
d C
osgr
ove,
Gre
ater
She
ppar
ton
(C)
145
36.3
9.47
E 3
6 20
'39.
36S
Gre
ater
She
ppar
ton
C
ity C
ounc
il 35
898
Cat
. C>3
0>2
045
Mitc
hell
Land
fill
Seym
our-
Toob
orac
Rd
Hill
dene
, Mitc
hell
(S)
45 0
9’0
8.17
E37
03’
07.8
9SM
itche
ll Sh
ire
Cou
ncil
5841
0
14
2030
Path
o La
ndfil
l D
avis
Rd
Path
o, C
ampa
spe
(S)
144
26'2
7.53
E36
02'
17.9
3SEl
liott
Hol
ding
s Pt
y Lt
d24
721
Cat
. C>3
0>2
045
8.2.
2 Po
tent
ial n
ew o
r ex
pand
ed la
ndfil
ls
A n
ew la
ndfil
l, C
osgr
ove
3, is
pla
nned
to b
e op
erat
iona
l by
2018
-19
at C
osgr
ove
(adj
acen
t to
the
exi
stin
g C
osgr
ove
land
fill s
ite)
with
an
expe
cted
tota
l airs
pace
of a
roun
d 3,
00
0,0
00
m
3. T
he a
naly
sis
unde
rtak
en in
dev
elop
ing
this
pla
n in
dica
tes
that
no
addi
tiona
l lan
dfills
will
be
requ
ired
for
the
regi
on fo
r th
e ne
xt 10
yea
rs a
nd li
kely
for
the
30-y
ear
outlo
ok o
f the
GV
im
plem
enta
tion
plan
.
8.2.
3 Pr
ojec
ted
life
of t
he la
ndfil
ls
Tabl
e 24
sho
ws
the
prop
osed
seq
uenc
e fo
r th
e fil
ling
of a
vaila
ble
land
fill s
ites
for
the
next
30
yea
rs. T
he re
gion
’s la
ndfil
l nee
ds w
ill b
e m
et w
ith t
he e
xist
ing
land
fills
and
Cos
grov
e 3
oper
atio
nal i
n 20
18-1
9. P
leas
e no
te t
hat
subj
ect
to li
mite
d ex
cept
ions
, und
er s
ectio
n 50
C(2
) of
the
EP
Act
, EPA
mus
t re
fuse
to c
onsi
der
an a
pplic
atio
n fo
r a
wor
ks a
ppro
val i
n re
latio
n to
a
new
land
fill i
f the
land
fill i
s no
t pr
ovid
ed fo
r in
thi
s ta
ble.
Not
e: L
ikel
y cl
osur
e da
tes
are
estim
ated
bas
ed o
n m
odel
led
tonn
age
proj
ectio
ns a
nd a
irspa
ce a
vaila
ble
usin
g pl
anni
ng a
ppro
vals
(an
d m
ay b
e su
bjec
t to
add
ition
al w
orks
app
rova
ls).
Thi
s m
ay in
clud
e po
tent
ial v
oid
spac
e th
at m
ay e
vent
uate
at
quar
ry b
ased
land
fill s
ites
as id
entifi
ed b
y ow
ners
and
ope
rato
rs. E
vent
uatio
n of
the
se t
imef
ram
es w
ill d
epen
d on
bus
ines
s de
cisi
ons
and
appr
opria
te a
ppro
vals
.
Tabl
e 24
Pro
ject
ed a
vaila
ble
land
fill a
irspa
ce, 2
016-
45
Land
fill
1617
1819
2021
2223
2425
2627
2829
3031
3233
3435
3637
3839
4041
4243
4445
Ale
xand
ra
Cob
ram
Cos
grov
e
Mitc
hell
Path
o
Key:
Ava
ilabl
e sp
ace
unde
r cu
rren
t w
orks
app
rova
l
Inte
nded
/lik
ely
clos
ure
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
reha
bilit
atio
n pl
an
Not
e th
at:
1. C
osgr
ove
mod
ellin
g in
clud
es C
osgr
ove
2 an
d C
osgr
ove
3, to
be
oper
atio
nal i
n 20
18-1
9.2.
R
ehab
ilita
tion
is a
ssum
ed to
be
com
plet
ed in
tw
o ye
ars,
whi
ch is
follo
wed
by
afte
rcar
e w
hich
is n
ot li
sted
.
8.2.
4 Cl
osed
land
fills
GV
WR
RG
is re
quire
d to
dev
elop
a p
rogr
am fo
r th
e re
habi
litat
ion
of la
ndfil
l site
s. A
n im
port
ant
func
tion
of t
his
part
of t
he s
ched
ule
is to
iden
tify
land
fills
tha
t ha
ve y
et to
un
dert
ake
the
appr
opria
te re
habi
litat
ion
and
afte
rcar
e ac
tiviti
es. T
he re
spon
sibi
lity
of
reha
bilit
atio
n is
gen
eral
ly t
he re
spon
sibi
lity
of t
he o
wne
r, in
man
y ca
ses
coun
cils
.
Clo
sed
land
fills
mus
t m
eet
the
requ
irem
ents
of t
he E
PA C
lose
d La
ndfil
l Gui
delin
es
(Dec
embe
r 20
12).
GV
WR
RG
and
the
cou
ncils
hav
e co
nsid
ered
the
gui
delin
es a
s pa
rt o
f de
velo
ping
the
dra
ft G
V im
plem
enta
tion
plan
and
the
Lan
dfill
infr
astr
uctu
re s
ched
ule.
Tabl
e 25
list
s de
tails
of t
he 3
6 la
ndfil
ls in
the
regi
on t
hat
have
bee
n cl
osed
ove
r th
e la
st 3
0
year
s. M
ost
are
owne
d by
cou
ncils
. Inc
lude
d in
thi
s ta
ble
is t
he re
habi
litat
ion
stat
us fo
r ea
ch
site
whe
re it
is k
now
n (s
ee k
ey b
elow
tab
le).
Not
e th
at la
ndfil
ls t
hat
are
yet
to b
e re
habi
litat
ed w
ill b
e co
nsid
ered
und
er A
ctio
n 10
of t
his
plan
, whi
ch in
volv
es fa
cilit
atin
g w
ork
betw
een
coun
cil a
nd t
he E
PA to
iden
tify
if th
ere
are
mor
e lo
calis
ed r
isk-
base
d ap
proa
ches
to re
habi
litat
ion
of c
lose
d la
ndfil
ls.
89
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
90
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Tabl
e 25
Reh
abili
tatio
n st
atus
of c
lose
d la
ndfil
ls
Land
fill
nam
eG
IS L
ocat
ion
Long
itude
Latit
ude
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent a
rea
Dut
y ho
lder
Was
tes
prev
ious
ly
rece
ived
Dat
e la
ndfil
ling
ceas
ed1
Reha
bilit
atio
n st
atus
Curr
ent
infr
astr
uctu
re
on s
ite
Ale
xand
ra
145
43’18
.53E
37 12
’30.
36S
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)M
urrin
dind
i (S)
MSW
SI19
97R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edR
RC
Ave
nel
145
14’3
0.62
E36
52’
44.19
SSt
rath
bogi
e (S
)St
rath
bogi
e (S
)M
SWSI
1998
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
RR
C
Bar
mah
14
4 57
’46.
06E
36 0
0’5
2.22
SM
oira
(S)
Moi
ra (
S)M
SWSI
1995
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
RR
C
Bro
adfo
rd
145
04’
47.2
4E37
13’4
1.71S
Mitc
hell
(S)
Mitc
hell
(S)
MSW
SIPr
ior
to 19
96N
ot a
vaila
ble
RR
C a
nd
poun
d
Coo
mbo
ona
145
17’7
.587
E36
15’8
.40
6SG
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
)Pr
ivat
e la
ndho
lder
Frui
t pr
oces
sing
Not
ava
ilabl
eN
ot a
vaila
ble
Non
e
Cos
grov
e 1
145
35’5
4.53
9E36
20
’54.
655S
Gre
ater
She
ppar
ton
(C)
Gre
ater
She
ppar
ton
(C)
MSW
SI19
98O
ngoi
ng m
onito
ring
and
mai
nten
ance
Non
e
Doo
kie
145.
6653
47E
36.3
1371
4SG
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
)G
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
)M
SWSI
1997
Not
ava
ilabl
eN
one
Echu
ca
144
46 0
5.87
E36
11’11
.20
SC
ampa
spe
(S)
Cam
pasp
e (S
)M
SWSI as
best
os20
06
Ong
oing
mon
itorin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ceN
one
Eild
on
145
55’5
3.26
E37
14’0
3.67
SM
urrin
dind
i (S)
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)M
SWSI
1997
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
RR
C
Euro
a 14
5 33
’04.
71E
36 4
5’40
.75S
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
MSW
SI19
98R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edR
RC
Flow
erda
le
145
19’3
8.79
1E37
19’4
3.90
7SM
urrin
dind
i (S)
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)M
SWSI
1991
Not
ava
ilabl
eN
one
Gun
bow
er
144
22’4
0.73
E35
57’
41.2
1SC
ampa
spe
(S)
Cam
pasp
e (S
)M
SWSI
1999
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
RR
C
Kia
lla
145
22’4
2.76
E36
24’
02.
93S
Gre
ater
She
ppar
ton
(C
)G
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
)M
SWSI
1989
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
Non
e
Kia
lla E
ast
145
28’5
6.19
3E36
26’
5.0
53S
Gre
ater
She
ppar
ton
(C)
Priv
ate
land
hol
der
Frui
t pr
oces
sing
Not
ava
ilabl
eN
ot a
vaila
ble
Non
e
91
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Land
fill
nam
eG
IS L
ocat
ion
Long
itude
Latit
ude
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent a
rea
Dut
y ho
lder
Was
tes
prev
ious
ly
rece
ived
Dat
e la
ndfil
ling
ceas
ed1
Reha
bilit
atio
n st
atus
Curr
ent
infr
astr
uctu
re
on s
ite
Kilm
ore
144
58’11
.17E
37 17
’04.
92S
Mitc
hell
(S)
Mitc
hell
(S)
MSW
SI20
05
Ong
oing
mon
itorin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ceN
one
Kin
glak
e 14
5 16
’29.
80E
37 2
7’39
.54S
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)M
urrin
dind
i (S)
MSW
SI19
91N
ot a
vaila
ble
RR
C
Kyab
ram
14
5 0
2’12
.47E
36 17
’59.
68S
Cam
pasp
e (S
)C
ampa
spe
(S)
MSW
SI20
04
Ong
oing
mon
itorin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ceN
one
Lock
ingt
on
144
30’2
0.0
8E36
20
’04.
42S
Cam
pasp
e (S
)C
ampa
spe
(S)
MSW
SI20
10O
ngoi
ng m
onito
ring
and
mai
nten
ance
RR
C
Mur
chis
on
145
11’3
7.47
E36
37’
20.6
5SG
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
)G
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
)M
SWSI
2012
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
RR
C
Nag
ambi
e 14
5 11
’42.
87E
36 4
7’41
.95S
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
MSW
SI19
98R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edR
RC
Nat
halia
14
5 11
’09.
74E
36 0
4’59
.71S
Moi
ra (
S)M
oira
(S)
MSW
SI19
95R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edR
RC
Nor
th
Shep
part
on
145
22’9
.447
E36
21’2
.524
SG
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
)G
reat
er S
hepp
arto
n (C
)M
SWSI
1985
Not
ava
ilabl
eN
one
Num
urka
h 14
5 29
’32.
82E
36 0
4’0
5.20
SM
oira
(S)
Moi
ra (
S)M
SWSI
1995
Ong
oing
mon
itorin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ceR
RC
Pyal
ong
144
51’5
2.76
E37
06’
48.0
5SM
itche
ll (S
)M
itche
ll (S
)M
SWSI
1999
Ong
oing
mon
itorin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ce
RR
C
Rus
hwor
th
145
00
’03.
37E
36 3
6’0
1.08S
Cam
pasp
e (S
)C
ampa
spe
(S)
MSW
SI20
05
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
RR
C
Seym
our
145
09’
08.
17E
37 0
3’07
.89S
Mitc
hell
(S)
Mitc
hell
(S)
MSW
SI20
08
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mm
ence
dR
RC
St J
ames
14
5 52
’30.
67E
36 16
’39.
09S
Moi
ra (
S)M
oira
(S)
MSW
SI19
95R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edR
RC
Stan
hope
14
4 53
’36.
80E
36 2
7’33
.24S
Cam
pasp
e (S
)C
ampa
spe
(S)
MSW
SI19
99R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edN
one
92
Dra
ft G
oulb
urn
Valle
y W
aste
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an M
ay 2
016
Land
fill
nam
eG
IS L
ocat
ion
Long
itude
Latit
ude
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent a
rea
Dut
y ho
lder
Was
tes
prev
ious
ly
rece
ived
Dat
e la
ndfil
ling
ceas
ed1
Reha
bilit
atio
n st
atus
Curr
ent
infr
astr
uctu
re
on s
ite
Stra
thm
erto
n 14
5 31
’20.
80E
35 5
5’28
.94S
Moi
ra (
S)M
oira
(S)
MSW
SI19
95R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edR
RC
Tenn
yson
14
4 30
”17.
987E
36 18
’56.
847S
Cam
pasp
e (S
)C
ampa
spe
(S)
MSW
SIN
ot a
vaila
ble
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
Non
e
Tong
ala
144
53’3
0.86
E36
15’2
8.61
SC
ampa
spe
(S)
Cam
pasp
e (S
)M
SWSI
1999
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
Non
e
Tung
amah
14
5 52
’57.
14E
36 0
8’55
.66S
Moi
ra (
S)M
oira
(S)
MSW
SI19
95R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edR
RC
Yabb
a 14
5 39
’03.
42E
36 14
’40.
56S
Moi
ra (
S)M
oira
(S)
MSW
SI19
95R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
plet
edR
RC
Yarr
awon
ga
146
00
’09.
34E
36 0
2’25
.21S
Moi
ra (
S)M
oira
(S)
MSW
SI20
00
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mm
ence
dR
RC
Yea
145
22’2
3.20
E37
09’
42.5
7SM
urrin
dind
i (S)
Mur
rindi
ndi (
S)M
SWSI
1991
Not
ava
ilabl
eR
RC
Vio
let
Tow
n14
5 41
’56.
21E
36 3
8’54
.96S
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
Stra
thbo
gie
(S)
MSW
SI20
10R
ehab
ilita
tion
com
men
ced
RR
C
1 Not
e th
at t
he d
ate
land
fillin
g ce
ased
are
est
imat
es fo
r so
me
site
s, d
eter
min
ed w
ith t
he b
est
avai
labl
e in
form
atio
n
Expl
anat
ion
of re
habi
litat
ion
stat
us
Stat
us c
riter
iaEx
plan
atio
n
Yet
to c
omm
ence
reha
bilit
atio
nYe
t to
beg
in p
roce
ss o
f reh
abili
tatio
n
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mm
ence
dW
orki
ng to
des
ign
a re
habi
litat
ion
plan
and
und
erta
ke re
habi
litat
ion
activ
ities
app
ropr
iate
to e
ach
site
Reh
abili
tatio
n co
mpl
eted
Reh
abili
tatio
n ap
prop
riate
to t
he s
ite a
nd re
gula
tion
rele
vant
at
the
time
of c
losu
re h
as b
een
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93 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
ReferencesDemographic and economic profile of the Goulburn Valley region, .id, 2015
Draft Metropolitan Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan, Metropolitan Waste and Resource Recovery Group, 2015
Draft Victorian Market Development Strategy for Recovered Resources, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Environment Protection Act 1970
Goulburn Valley Infrastructure capacity and needs assessment, Blue Environment, 2015
GVWRRG Community Engagement Survey, Wallis, 2015
GVWRRG council landfill survey report, 2015
Managing Landfills, Victorian Auditor-General’s Report, 2014
Ministerial Guideline: Making, amending and integrating the Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan and Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans
Rural Landfill Risk Assessment Project Report, URS Australia Pty Ltd, in association with Fox-Lane Consulting, June 2013
Statewide Community and Business Waste Education Strategy, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Survey and analysis of regional reprocessors and material recovery facility operators: Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group regional report by Sustainable Resource Use for Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Victorian Community and Business Waste Education Strategy, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Victorian Organics Resource Recovery Strategy, Sustainability Victoria, 2015
Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database v3; waste and resource recovery data provided by Sustainability Victoria
Waste Management Policy (Siting, Design and Management of Landfills) 2004, EPA Victoria
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 94
AbbreviationsC&D construction and demolition
C&I commercial and industrial
DELWP Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
draft GV implementation plan
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan
EPA Environment Protection Authority Victoria
EP Act Environment Protection Act 1970
Framework Victorian Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Planning Framework
GVWRRG Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group
GRP Gross Regional Product
landfill BPEM Best Practice Environmental Management (Siting, Design, Operation and Rehabilitation of Landfills) 2010 updated
MERP municipal emergency recovery plan
Ministerial Guideline Ministerial Guideline: Making, amending and integrating the Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan and Regional Implementation Plans
MRF materials recovery facility
MRM municipal recovery managers
MSW municipal solid waste
MWRRG Metropolitan Waste and Resource Recovery Group
PPR public place recycling
RRCs resource recovery centres
RWRRD Sustainability Victoria’s Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database
state infrastructure plan Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan
state organics strategy Victorian Organics Resource Recovery Strategy
SV Sustainability Victoria
TI Act Transport Integration Act 2010
waste education strategy Draft Victorian Community and Business Waste Education Strategy
WRRGs waste and resource recovery groups
95 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Terms and definitions
Term Explanation
Airspace The remaining capacity of a landfill.
Anaerobic digestion (AD)Biological breakdown by microorganisms of organic matter, in the absence of oxygen, into biogas (a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane) and digestate (a nutrient-rich residue).
BeneficiationAn optical sorting process used to separate different colours of container glass to produce cullet for reprocessing and mixed fines.
Landfill Best practice environmental management (BEPM)
Facility management in line with EPA publication in Best Practice Environmental Management – siting, design, operation and rehabilitation of landfills.
BiogasA gas generated by breaking down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, such as occurs in landfills. Biogas is typically comprised of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide, and can be used as an energy source.
BiomassBiological material that is not fossilised, including forest and mill residues, agricultural crops and waste, wood and wood waste, animal waste, livestock operation residues, aquatic plants, fast growing trees and plants.
Biosolids
Biosolids are considered to be organic solids derived from sewage treatment processes that are in a state that they can be managed to sustainably utilise their nutrient, soil conditioning, energy, or other value (achieve minimum EPA standards for classification as T3 and C2 biosolids). The solids that do not meet these criteria are defined as sewage sludge.
Buffer zone
Buffer zones, or separation distances, aim to minimise the off-site impacts of sensitive land uses arising from unintended, industry generated odour and dust emissions.
A buffer zone is an area of land outside the operating area of a facility that is set aside to maintain an adequate distance between the facility and sensitive land uses (such as residential development) so those uses are not adversely affected by noise, odour or dust. The land may or may not be owned by the facility owner.
Category C contaminated soil Refer to Prescribed waste and prescribed industrial waste (PIW).
Collection system System for collecting materials from the kerbside, including bin type and collection frequency.
Commingled recyclables
Materials combined generally for the purposes of collection, mainly through municipal collection services. Includes plastic bottles, other plastics, paper, glass and metal containers. Commingled recyclable materials require sorting after collection before they can be recycled. Can also be called commingled materials.
Commercial and industrial (C&I) waste
Solid inert waste generated from trade, commercial and industrial activities including the government sector. It includes waste from offices, manufacturing, factories, schools, universities, state and government operations and small to medium enterprises e.g. food waste.
CompostingThe process whereby organic materials are microbiologically transformed under controlled aerobic conditions to create a pasteurised and stabilised organic product for application to land.
Construction and demolition (C&D) waste
Solid inert waste generated from residential and commercial construction and demolition activities e.g. bricks and concrete.
Clean fillMaterial that has no harmful effects on the environment. This material is a natural soil material and does not contain any chemicals or other materials such as concrete rubble. Also called fill material.
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Term Explanation
CulletSorted glass feedstock resulting from the beneficiation process of mixed container glass. Generally consists of sorted streams of amber, flint and green glass of particle size greater that 5-10 mm depending on the capacity of the beneficiation plant.
Daily coverThe layer of compressed soil or earth which is laid on top of a day’s deposition of waste on an operational landfill site. The cover helps prevent interaction between waste and air, reducing odours and creating a firm base for vehicles to work on.
Delamination The process of splitting a composite material into its component parts e.g. laminated glass.
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP)
A Victorian government department providing policy planning, preparation of legislative amendments, leadership coordination and oversight of the environment portfolio.
Digestate A nutrient-rich residue remaining after the anaerobic digestion of a biodegradable feedstock.
Drop-off centre/siteA facility where households can drop-off selected materials and household items for recycling and reuse. Also called drop-off facilities.
E-wasteE-waste comprises of electronic equipment with a plug or battery that requires a current to operate and that has reached end of life. It includes televisions, computers, monitors and whitegoods such as fridges and washing machines.
Energy from waste
The terms ‘energy recovery from waste’, ‘waste to energy’ or ‘energy from waste’ can be used interchangeably to describe a number of treatment processes and technologies used to generate a usable form of energy from waste materials. Examples of usable forms of energy include electricity, heat and transport fuels.
Environment Protection Authority Victoria (EPA)
Established under the auspices of the Environment Protection Act 1970, EPA’s role is to be an effective environmental regulator and an influential authority on environmental impacts.
FeedstockRaw material used to manufacture products. Material varies depending on what is being produced.
Fill material See clean fill.
Fines (glass)Unsorted sub 5-10 mm glass material left over from the glass beneficiation process. It can contain contamination including plastics and small pieces of metals. These fines can be further processed to produce a glass sand product that has a number of potential uses.
Food organicsFood waste from households or industry, including food processing waste, out-of-date or off-specification food, meat, fruit and vegetable scraps. Excludes liquid wastes.
Garden organicsOrganics derived from garden sources e.g. grass clippings, tree prunings. Also known as green organics.
GasificationThermal technology that converts material into combustible gases by partial oxidation under the application of heat, leaving an inert residue.
Green organics See garden organics.
Greenhouse gasesGases, including carbon dioxide and methane that trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere, affecting weather and climate patterns.
Hard wasteThe term applied to household garbage that is not usually accepted into kerbside garbage bins by local governments e.g. old fridges and mattresses.
IncineratorFor the purpose of this document, a site that facilitates the disposal of waste streams through incineration without producing another useful end product or capturing value from the waste material.
Hazardous waste See Prescribed waste and prescribed industrial waste (PIW).
Hubs The concentration of reprocessing facilities where there is sufficient waste derived feedstock to support viable reprocessing options. The location of hubs will vary for individual material streams.
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Term Explanation
Illegal dumpingIllegal dumping is the deliberate and unauthorised dumping, tipping or burying of waste on land that is not licensed or fit to accept that waste.
In-vessel composting
Composting technology involving the use of a fully enclosed chamber or vessel in which the composting process is controlled by regulating the rate of mechanical aeration. Aeration assists in heat removal, temperature control and oxygenation of the mass. Aeration is provided to the chamber by a blower fan that can work in a positive (blowing) and/or negative (sucking) mode. Rate of aeration can be controlled with temperature, oxygen or carbon dioxide feedback signals.
Kerbside waste/collectionWaste collected by local councils from residential properties, including garbage, commingled recyclables and garden organics, but excluding hard waste.
LandfillDischarge or deposit of solid wastes onto land that cannot be practically removed from the waste stream.
Landfill levy
A levy applied at differential rates to municipal, C&I and prescribed wastes disposed of at licensed landfills in Victoria. Landfill levies are used solely for the purposes of environment protection and fostering environmentally sustainable use of resources and best practice in waste management. They fund the activities of WRRGs, SV and EPA, helping to establish waste management infrastructure, industry waste reduction programs, education programs, regulatory controls and enforcement regimes. Levies also provide an incentive to minimise the generation of waste, sending a signal to industry that the government supports efforts to develop alternatives to disposal to landfill.
Leachate Contaminated water that has percolated through or drained from a landfill.
Litter Any small, medium or large item placed inappropriately.
Materials recovery facility (MRF)A centre for the receipt, sorting and transfer of materials recovered from the waste stream. At a MRF, materials are also sorted by type and treatment, which may include cleaning and compression.
Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) plant
MBT plants combine mechanical sorting (such as in a MRF) with biological treatment of organic waste to process residual organic waste. This could include technology such as anaerobic digestion to stabilise the material and generate heat and power. Material remaining after further treatment (often referred to as ‘digestate’) can be added to compost or used as fuel in a thermal waste-to-energy facility.
Municipal solid waste (MSW)Solid waste generated from municipal and residential activities, and including waste collected by, or on behalf of, a municipal council. In this document, MSW does not refer to waste delivered to municipal disposal sites by commercial operators or waste from municipal demolition projects.
Open windrow composting operation
A type of outdoor composting process where organic materials are piled in to windrows and are turned for aeration.
Optical sorting Technologies used to sort glass by colour type, and plastics by polymer type.
Organic materialPlant or animal matter originating from domestic or industrial sources e.g. grass clippings, tree prunings and food waste.
Prescribed waste and prescribed industrial waste (PIW)
These wastes are defined in the Environment Protection (Industrial Waste Resource) Regulations 2009. EPA closely regulates these wastes because of their potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment. Prescribed wastes carry special handling, storage, transport and often licensing requirements, and attract substantially higher disposal levies than non-prescribed solid wastes. Also known as hazardous waste.
Process derived fuels
Also called process engineered fuel (PEF) or refuse derived fuel (RDF) is a fuel produced after basic processing in a MRF or MBT to increase the calorific value and remove recyclable materials and contaminants of municipal solid waste, commercial and industrial waste, and construction and demolition waste.
Processing facilitiesFacilities that either receive materials directly from collection systems or from recovery facilities for further sorting and/ or processing to provide material for use in the generation of new products.
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Term Explanation
Product stewardshipA concept of shared responsibility by all sectors involved in the manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of products, which seeks to ensure value is recovered from products at the end of life.
Public place recycling Recycling facilities found in public areas, such as parks, reserves, transport hubs, shopping centres and sport and entertainment venues that allow the community to recycle when away from home.
Putrescible waste Waste that readily decomposes, including food waste and organic waste from gardens.
PyrolysisThermal breakdown of waste in the absence of air, to produce char, pyrolysis oil and syngas e.g. the conversion of wood into charcoal.
RecyclablesWhile this term strictly applies to all materials that may be recycled, in this document the term is generally used to refer to the recyclable containers and paper/cardboard component of kerbside waste e.g. it excludes garden organics.
RecyclingA term that may be used to cover a wide range of activities, including collection, sorting, reprocessing and manufacture into new products.
Refuse derived fuels Refer to Process derived fuels.
ReprocessingChanging the physical structure and properties of a waste material that would otherwise have been sent to landfill to add financial value to the processed material. Without reprocessing, the beneficial use of waste materials would be lost.
Reprocessing facilities See Reprocessor.
ReprocessorFacility that changes the physical structure and properties of a waste material that would otherwise be sent to landfill to add financial value to the processed material. Without reprocessing the beneficial use of the material would be lost.
Resale centre/shopA centre/shop that enables the sale and subsequent re-use of good quality, saleable products and materials that were disposed of by their previous owner.
Residual waste
Residual material that remains after any source separation or reprocessing activities of recyclable materials or garden organics.
Waste that is left over after suitable materials have been recovered for reuse and recycling. This generally means the environmental or economic costs of further separating and cleaning the waste are greater than any potential benefit of doing so.
Resource recoveryThe process of obtaining matter or energy from discarded materials. Occurs at resource recovery centres.
Resource recovery centreFacilities established to receive and/ or recover re-usable and recyclable materials that would otherwise be destined for disposal. Can be combined with a transfer station and may include resale centres.
ReuseRecovering value from a discarded resource without processing or remanufacture e.g. garments sold though opportunity shops are, strictly speaking, a form of reuse, rather than recycling.
Sectors, industry sectorsGroupings of industries used to generalise patterns in waste generation and disposal e.g. construction and demolition, food services including food retail and food manufacturing, small to medium enterprises.
Shredder flocResidue directly arising from large scale shredding operations to recover metals. Shredded material includes, but is not limited to, end of life vehicles, white goods, machineries, drums and corrugated material.
Social licence to operate
The concept of a ‘social licence to operate’ has evolved from broader concepts of ‘corporate social responsibility’ and is based on the idea that a business not only needs appropriate government or regulatory approval but also a ‘social licence’. The social licence is the acceptance that is continually granted to industry and facility operators by the local community or other stakeholders to operate.
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Term Explanation
Solid industrial waste (SIW)
Solid waste generated from commercial, industrial or trade activities, including waste from factories, offices, schools, universities, state and federal government operations and commercial construction and demolition work. Excludes MSW, wastes that are prescribed under the Environment Protection Act 1970 and quarantine wastes.
Solid wasteNon-hazardous, non-prescribed, solid waste materials, ranging from municipal garbage to industrial waste.
Source separationThe practice of segregating materials into discrete material streams prior to collection by, or delivery to, processing facilities.
Spokes
The sequence of activities that move materials from waste generators to (and from) hubs e.g. collection, transport and sorting. The length of the spoke and hence the location of the hub for a particular material stream is influenced by the impact of transport on the margin of return for that particular material stream.
Stockpiling Storage of materials.
Sustainability Victoria (SV)
Statutory authority established in October 2005 under the Sustainability Victoria Act 2005 with the key objective of ‘facilitating and promoting environmental sustainability in the use of resources’. SV works across the areas of energy, waste and water with communities, industries and government applying the best ideas and encouraging action to enable change in environmental practices.
Transfer stationA facility allowing the drop-off and consolidation of garbage and a wide range of recyclable materials. Can be combined with a resource recovery centre and may include resale centres. Do not undertake processing activities.
Waste
Any discarded, rejected, unwanted, surplus or abandoned matter, including where intended for recycling, reprocessing, recovery, purification or sale.
Anything that is no longer valued by its owner for use or sale and which is, or will be, discarded. In this document, the term ‘solid waste’ refers to non-hazardous, non-prescribed, solid waste materials ranging from municipal garbage to industrial waste.
Waste and resource recovery group (WRRG)
Statutory authorities established under the Environment Protection Act 1970 responsible for preparing the Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan for their region.
Waste and Resource Recovery Planning Framework
The planning framework as defined in the amendments to the Environment Protection Act 1970 and including: • The Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan (state infrastructure plan).• The seven regional waste and resource recovery implementation plans (regional
implementation plans).• Relevant Ministerial Guidelines made under section 50CA of the Act, • The process for integration of the State Infrastructure Plan and Regional Implementation
Plans.
Waste management industryApplies to those involved in managing waste e.g. collectors, sorters, processors and landfill operators.
Waste minimisationThe concept of, and strategies for, waste generation to be kept to a minimum level in order to reduce the requirement for waste collection, handling and disposal to landfill. Also referred to as waste avoidance.
Waste to energy Refer to Energy from waste.
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AppendicesAppendix 1 Requirements of the Environment Protection Act 1970
Division 2AD – Regional waste and resource recovery implementation plans
50B Preparation of draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans (1) Each Waste and Resource Recovery Group must prepare a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation plan for its waste and resource recovery region. (2) Subject to subsection (3), each Waste and Resource Recovery Group must submit a draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan to Sustainability Victoria and to the Authority within 12 months after the State-Wide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan takes effect. (3) A draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan must be submitted by the Metropolitan Waste and Resource Recovery Group within 3 months after the date on which the first State-Wide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan takes effect. (4) The Authority must make any comments within 60 days after receiving a draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan.
50BA Objective of Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans The objective of a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan is to set out how the waste and resource recovery infrastructure needs of a waste and resource recovery region will be met over at least a 10 year period.
50BB Content of Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans (1) A Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan must include— (a) a description and analysis of waste and resource recovery infrastructure within its waste and resource r ecovery region, including a consideration of— (i) environmental and financial performance; and (ii) current infrastructure and anticipated opportunities for providing infrastructure across the waste and resource recovery region; and (iii) the waste and resource recovery infrastructure needs, priorities and preferred locations for the waste and resource recovery region; and (iv) regional transport and land use planning; and (b) a description of how the long-term directions in the State-Wide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan will be implemented to give effect to local and regional infrastructure needs within the waste and resource recovery region; and (c) a schedule of existing and required waste and resource recovery infrastructure within the waste and resource recovery region including— (i) the type, general location and other requirements of new waste and resource recovery infrastructure, other than landfills; and (ii) the timeframe for when new waste and resource recovery infrastructure is needed; and (iii) an identification of steps required to align the schedule with local planning schemes; and (iv) the proposed sequence for the filling of available landfill sites for at least the next 10 years; and (v) a program for replacing and rehabilitating landfill sites; and (vi) the intended or likely date of closure of each landfill site; and (vii) options for future landfill capacity and resource recovery infrastructure; and (d) any matters required by guidelines made under section 50CA. (2) Subject to subsection (3), a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan must be consistent with any policy and any government policies. (3) If a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan is inconsistent with a policy, the policy prevails to the extent of the inconsistency.
50BC Consultation during preparation of Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans Before submitting a draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan to Sustainability Victoria and to the Authority under section 50B, a Waste and Resource Recovery Group must consult with— (a) the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Primary Industries; and
101 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
(b) the Chairman; and (c) the Chairperson of Sustainability Victoria; and (d) the Chairperson of each Waste and Resource Recovery Group; and (e) the chairperson of the Urban Renewal Authority Victoria; and (f) the chief executive of each council within its waste and resource recovery region.
50BD Further preparation of Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans (1) On the submission of a draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan under section 50B, each Waste and Resource Recovery Group and Sustainability Victoria must work together to integrate the priorities and directions of the Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan and the State-Wide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan and to resolve any differences in the Plans. (2) Each Waste and Resource Recovery Group and Sustainability Victoria are jointly responsible for integrating the Plans for a period of up to 6 months. (3) Sustainability Victoria and each Waste and Resource Recovery Group must— (a) take into account any comments made by the Authority under section 50B(4); and (b) amend the schedule of existing and required waste and resource recovery infrastructure within the draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan if the Authority objects to the inclusion of a proposed landfill on the ground that it is unlikely to meet the requirements of a relevant policy. (4) The integration process in subsections (1) to (3) must comply with any guidelines issued under section 50CA. (5) A Waste and Resource Recovery Group must submit a draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan to the Minister for approval— (a) no later than 6 months after submitting a draft to Sustainability Victoria and the Authority under section 50B; and (b) not before either the Authority has provided its comments under section 50B(4) or the 60 days in which the Authority may comment on the Plan have expired. (6) On receiving a draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan under subsection (5) the Minister must— (a) approve the Plan; or (b) approve the Plan with amendments; or (c) return the Plan to the relevant Waste and Resource Recovery Group for amendment. (7) If the Minister returns the Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan to a Waste and Resource Recovery Group under subsection (6)(c), the Minister must give directions as to the amendments required to be made to the draft Plan. (8) A Waste and Resource Recovery Group must comply with a direction of the Minister under subsection (7) within 30 days or a longer period specified by the Minister.
50BE Publication of approval of Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans (1) The Minister must cause to be published in the Government Gazette a notice of approval of a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan. (2) The notice of approval must be published— (a) in the next general edition of the Government Gazette; or (b) in a special edition of the Government Gazette within 10 working days after the approval of the Plan. (3) A Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan takes effect on— (a) the date on which the notice of approval is published in the Government Gazette; or (b) a later date specified in the notice. (4) A Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan remains in force until it is replaced by another Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan.
50BF Publication of Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans (1) A Waste and Resource Recovery Group must publish a copy of its Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan on its Internet site within 7 days of a notice of approval of the Plan being published in the Government Gazette. (2) Sustainability Victoria must publish a copy of a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan on its Internet site within 7 days of a notice of approval of the Plan being published in the Government Gazette. (3) A Waste and Resource Recovery Group and Sustainability Victoria must each publish on its Internet site a revised copy of a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan within 7 days of a notice of approval of an amendment or variation to the Plan being published in the Government Gazette.
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50BG Amendment of Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans (1) A Waste and Resource Recovery Group may prepare draft amendments to its Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan at any time, including any schedule of existing and required waste and resource recovery infrastructure within the Plan. (2) The Minister may at any time direct a Waste and Resource Recovery Group to prepare draft amendments to its Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan within a specified period of time. (3) The Minister may at any time make a variation to a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan that is declaratory, machinery or administrative in nature. (4) Sections 50BC, 50BD and 50BE apply to an amendment of a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan under subsections (1) and (2) as if the amendment were a draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan. (5) Sections 50BD(6) to (8) and 50BE apply to a variation of a Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan under subsection (3) as if the variation were a draft Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan.
50BH Consistency with Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plans (1) A council must perform its waste management functions consistently with the Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan applying to the council's municipal district. (2) If a council disposes of waste in a waste and resource recovery region other than the waste and resource recovery region in which the council's municipal district is located, the disposal of the waste must be consistent with the Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan applying to the other waste and resource recovery region. (3) Any person involved in the generation, management or transport of waste within a waste and resource recovery region must not do anything in relation to the waste that is inconsistent with the relevant Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan while the waste is in that region.
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Appendix 2 Collaboration process and outcomes
As per Guideline requirements, an outline of the collaboration process and outcomes achieved to be annexed. This could reference collaboration during the development phase, such as participation in the Statewide Regional Implementation Plan Working Group working group and workshops, sharing data, collaborative work with other groups, engagement with Sustainability Victoria and the EPA and should outline the process during the formal integration period.
The EP Act requires the WRRGs and Sustainability Victoria to work together to integrate the priorities and directions of the regional implementation plans and the state infrastructure plan and to resolve any differences in the plans. In addition, it is a requirement of this guideline that each WRRG must: • work collaboratively with their adjacent groups to ensure that, to the extent practicable, their respective regional implementation
plans are consistent, and document in an annexure to the regional implementation plans, an outline of the collaboration process and outcomes achieved.
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Appendix 3 Data
Major data sources
Data source Description
Victorian Local Government Annual Survey (VLGAS)
Annual data on materials collected through local government kerbside collection systems and published by SV. All local governments in Victoria participate. The survey provides trending data on recyclables, organics, residual waste, hard waste and litter.
The State Infrastructure Plan uses survey data from the financial year 2011-12, which is available on the SV website at www.sustainability.vic.gov.au
Victorian Recycling Industry Annual Survey (VRIAS)
Annual data collection measuring tonnages of materials diverted from landfill by major re-processors in Victoria. This is used to measure progress against Victorian waste reduction targets, and trends in the recovery of waste materials.
The survey is voluntary and although the return rate is relatively constant, contributors can vary from year to year. VRIAS is available on the SV website at www.sustainability.vic.gov.au
EPA landfill levy returns Unpublished information provided by EPA on a confidential basis.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) population data
ABS Catalogue Number 3101.0 - Australian Demographic Statistics, Sep 2014.
Victorian landfill audits
SV’s disposal-based waste survey, 2009.
A visual waste audit of eight metropolitan landfills, one regional landfill and one transfer station, covering 2003 separate inbound loads.
Victorian Regional Waste and Resource Recovery Database v3.
SV’s purpose-built database for data storage, analysis and projection to assist development of Regional Implementation Plans and alignment with the State Infrastructure Plan.
Goulburn Valley Infrastructure capacity and needs assessment, Blue Environment, 2015.
Investigation into the current and future capacity, needs and priorities of waste and resource recovery infrastructure in the Goulburn Valley region.
Rural Landfill Risk Assessment, URS and Fox Lane Consulting 2013.
Presentation of data that will inform how rural Victorian licensed landfills can move to a position of long term environmental and financial sustainability.
Survey and analysis of regional reprocessors and material recovery facility operators, Sustainability Victoria 2015.
Data on the activity of reprocessors and material recovery facilities (MRFs) in regional Victoria.
GVWRRG Community Engagement Survey, Wallis, 2015.
Findings from a survey of Goulburn Valley residents on environmental attitudes and behaviours. Based on an 18 minute survey using a Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) methodology.
Demographic and economic profile of the Goulburn Valley region, .id, 2015.
Regional summary taking into account demographic, economic and town profiles.
Landfill tonnages
Tonnes landfilled are derived from landfill levy data supplied by EPA and do not include pre-scribed industrial waste (PIW). There has been no allowance for daily cover which must be con-sidered when comparing figures with those in earlier drafts of the Statewide Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan (State Infrastructure Plan). Previously landfill figures were adjusted to remove a 15% allowance for daily cover.
Existing operating landfill Landfills that are accepting waste for disposal or have recently ceased to accept waste but are yet to receive their post closure pollution abatement notice (PC PAN) from the EPA.
Major data assumptions and definitions
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Infrastructure categories for data collection
Infrastructure type
Resource recovery
drop off
RRC/TS, stand alone
co-located at landfill
MRF
Reprocessor organics
food
garden
wood/timber
organics
other
Reprocessor paper cardboard
Reprocessor glass
Reprocessor plastics
Reprocessor rubber including tyres
Reprocessor metals
Reprocessor aggregate, masonry and soils
Reprocessor textiles
Reprocessors other
Disposal landfilllicensed
exempt from licensing
Landfill available airspace Calculating landfill airspace is based on information from WRR region landfill owners, local gov-ernments and EPA. It reflects the estimated amount of airspace void and the amount of works approved airspace.
Closed landfill Landfill that is no longer accepting waste. If in the case of licenced landfills it should have re-ceived its PC PAN from the EPA. If it is exempt from licensing then there should be reassurance that closure process have commenced or are in place.
Landfill likely closure dates
An estimate of the likely year of closure of the landfill based on consideration of modelled tonnage projections and land available under current EPA works approval, planning and permit requirements and potential void space that may eventuate at quarry based landfill sites as identified by owners and operators. A closure date of beyond 30 years should be represented as >30 years.
Rounding of dataAs a general rule, all of the data is rounded to the nearest thousand. This may result in minor discrepancies between totals and line items. Graphs, charts and modelling were generated using non-rounded data. Any exceptions are referenced.
Generation tonnagesThis is the sum of the state landfill tonnes and state tonnes reprocessed using VRIAS data. Because this modelling uses landfill data, generation tonnages will differ from those in pervious drafts of the State Infrastructure Plan due to no allowance being made for daily cover.
Recovered tonnages
Unless stated, these are tonnes of materials entering reprocessing facilities. This is not a direct correlation to how much was reprocessed as there is no data on tonnes stockpiled by reproces-sors or tonnes landfilled by reprocessors. For this reason, quantities are referred to as recovered, rather than reprocessed.
Current capacity of infrastructure An estimate of the installed capacity of an existing facility or infrastructure type.
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 106
Appendix 4 Infrastructure
Types of infrastructure that support the waste and resource recovery system
Type Characteristics
Collection infrastructure: Infrastructure to collect and transfer waste materials at the point of generation
Kerbside bins and collection
• Collections from households of residual waste, garden organics and commingled recyclables; hard waste collections; and kerbside collection from businesses and other commercial premises.
• Includes services provided by local governments and their service and commercial providers.
Skip bin• Large bin provided by a private contractor to collect and remove bulk waste from households,
businesses, schools, commercial premises and hospitals.
Tip truck • Truck used to remove large amounts of mainly commercial and industrial waste.
Resource recovery infrastructure: Infrastructure to facilitate recovery of materials and resources
Drop-off centres and charity bins
• Recovers selected materials and goods mainly dropped off by householders for recycling and reuse.• May include aggregation for transport to a resource recovery centre or transfer station.
Resource recovery centres/ transfer stations (RRC/TS)
• Receives, sorts and/or consolidates a range of material streams (depending on the facility) including hard, organic and residual waste and commingled recyclables for transport for materials recovery, processing or disposal to landfill.
• Accepts materials from all sectors and can be publically or privately owned and operated.• May include a resale centre.
Materials recovery facility (MRF)
• Sorting, consolidation and transfer.• Receives and sorts household and business commingled recyclables.• Compacts and bales, or consolidates materials and sends to reprocessing facilities. • May include a resale centre.
Reprocessing infrastructure: Infrastructure to recover materials and resources
Organic reprocessing facility
• A facility that biologically reprocesses organic matter, yielding a variety of products including stabilised organic residues for use as a soil additive, heat and renewable energy.
• Includes both windrow and in-vessel technologies.
Waste to energy facility
A facility that uses waste or refuse derived fuels as a feedstock to produce a useful end product with market value such as heat and electricity. Technologies can include anaerobic digestion and heat processing such as pyrolysis and gasification.
Other reprocessorsA facility that changes the physical structure and properties of a waste material that would otherwise be sent to landfill adding financial value to the processed material. Without reprocessing, the beneficial use of the material would be lost.
Disposal infrastructure: Infrastructure established as the final repository of waste materials
Landfill• A site for the disposal of waste into the ground.• May include a RRC/TS or resale shop.
Incinerator • Disposal by burning.• A site that disposes of waste by burning it, without producing a useful end product.
107 Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016
Appendix 5 Environmental and financial performance of infrastructure in Victoria
Background
In May 2015 the Victorian Government commissioned a high level analysis of the economic and environmental factors that impact the performance of waste and resource recovery (WRR) infrastructure in Victoria. This was a broad assessment that aimed to identify key factors and highlight their potential impact on specific types of waste and resource recovery infrastructure. The analysis was drawn from existing reports and stakeholder consultation.
Summary
There are many factors influencing the performance of waste and resource recovery infrastructure, both positively and negatively; which play out in different ways across the state and change over time and infrastructure type, size and location. At a broad level, they are:
Financial and economic factors • Market economics
The functioning of the waste and resource recovery market has considerable impact on the performance of infrastructure. Traditional high volume, low value commodity streams typify the industry and have led to business models that are exposed to changes in market conditions. A key factor currently impacting infrastructure performance is the condition of end markets, both locally and internationally. For example, a considerable fall in base metal prices is impacting scrap metal reprocessors in Victoria; and limited local markets for compost impacts organics processing infrastructure. A number of types of infrastructure are heavily reliant on export markets, which can be affected by both commodity prices and international policy decisions. For example, export markets for tyre derived products and mixed low grade plastic and paper have contracted in recent years impacting the performance of related infrastructure types. Increases in transport and operational costs have impacted many types of infrastructure and this is most prevalent in regional and rural Victoria.
• Policy settings
Current and potential future policy and regulatory settings impact performance of infrastructure. In Victoria, the policy and regulatory framework has many elements and covers the activities of local government and private industry. The landfill levy remains the key instrument aimed at driving resource recovery. The current levy supports reprocessing infrastructure for heavy materials (such as concrete, brick and masonry) mainly around urban areas but is not yet considered high enough to drive processing of residual waste.
Land use planning controls remains a key factor particularly impacting landfills and organics reprocessing infrastructure. Residential development has reduced the separation distances to some facilities and led to community complaints; and overall the availability of land for waste and resource recovery management activities near urban areas has declined. Potential changes to policy settings such as landfill bans and product stewardship schemes may have significant impacts on the economic performance of some WRR infrastructure.
• Industry trends
Performance of infrastructure such as material recovery facilities (MRFs) for commingled waste benefits from strong community support for recycling at the household level. In addition, global trends in technology ranging from truck bodies that improve compaction rates to complex infrastructure for sorting material streams improves efficiency, benefits recovery rates and sale-ability of end products. In Victoria, performance of infrastructure is being impacted by a general decline in manufacturing.
Environmental factors • Management of emissions and amenity issues
A key environmental factor is the management of emissions and the associated amenity impacts on the local community. Odour remains the most prevalent issue, being particularly relevant to landfills and organics processing facilities. Noise and dust remain common factors impacting the performance of reprocessing infrastructure, in particular those facilities processing concrete, brick and masonry. The generation of leachate at many landfill sites contributes to odour issues and the treatment and discharge of leachate is an ongoing challenge.
• Compliance and monitoring
In light of the ongoing issues with emissions and amenity impacts, a key factor improving the performance of infrastructure is the rigorous compliance and monitoring framework. High risk infrastructure such as landfills and organics processing facilities must be managed in accordance with EPA guidelines such as the guideline for Best practice environmental management – Siting, design, operation and rehabilitation of landfills (Landfill BEPM) and recently released guidelines for Designing, constructing and operating composting facilities. These guidelines require operators to implement a management controls which are monitored through licenses and regular site inspections.
Statewide Summary: Environmental and financial factors influencing the performance of waste and resource recovery infrastructure
Draft Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Implementation Plan May 2016 108
• Legacy issues / post closure rehabilitation of landfill sites
A key factor that is impacting the current and future financial and environmental performance of landfill facilities relates to legacy issues from closed or capped landfill cells and the overall rehabilitation of landfill sites. Recent changes to the Landfill BPEM are likely to drive improved environmental performance at current landfills. However, Victoria has a large number of landfills that have been operating for decades and the management of legacy sites, particularly in regional and rural Victoria remains an issue. The provisions for post closure aftercare and rehabilitation are varied and may also impact performance in the long term.
Statewide and regional perspectives
A continual theme across the majority of these factors is the considerable differences in the performance of infrastructure in metropolitan Melbourne compared to facilities in regional and rural Victoria. In general terms, performance and indeed operating conditions are more favourable in metropolitan Melbourne where economies of scale drive greater access to material. Large landfill sites in Melbourne perform on average better than their smaller regional and rural counterparts as they are more easily able to absorb compliance and development costs due to the significant volumes of waste managed. Similarly, the dominance of the major reprocessors in Melbourne has led to the closure of a number of regional operators (for example some smaller MRF operators) as the larger players are able to compete on price. This is however not always the case, with a number of regional organisations, including those offering employment to disadvantaged and long term unemployed, operating successfully.
Sum
mar
y of
the
key
eco
nom
ic a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs o
f inf
rast
ruct
ure
type
s ac
ross
the
sta
te
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Res
ourc
e re
cove
ry c
entr
e (R
RC
) /
was
te
tran
sfer
sta
tion
(TS)
Tran
spor
t / fr
eigh
t cos
ts•
Hig
h co
sts
are
part
icul
arly
an
issu
e fo
r ru
ral a
nd re
gion
al T
S.Ec
onom
ies
of s
cale
•
Reg
iona
l and
rur
al R
RC
/TSs
in p
artic
ular
find
it d
ifficu
lt to
ag
greg
ate
suffi
cien
t vo
lum
es o
f low
val
ue c
omm
oditi
es to
en
cour
age
the
mar
ket
to c
olle
ct a
nd p
roce
ss t
he m
ater
ial.
End
mar
kets
•
Insu
ffici
ent
end
mar
kets
for
mat
eria
ls in
clud
ing
timbe
r, po
lyst
yren
e, m
attr
esse
s an
d ty
res
impa
cts
perf
orm
ance
of
this
infr
astr
uctu
re.
• M
ovem
ent
of c
oncr
ete
and
mas
onry
is a
n is
sue
at s
ome
regi
onal
and
rur
al fa
cilit
ies.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er /
am
enity
issu
es
• N
oise
and
odo
ur a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith p
utre
scib
le
was
te a
nd o
nsite
pro
cess
ing
of o
rgan
ic w
aste
ca
n be
an
issu
e fo
r fa
cilit
ies
clos
e to
resi
dent
ial
deve
lopm
ent.
• St
ockp
iles
of s
ome
mat
eria
ls, s
uch
as t
imbe
r or
com
post
, cou
ld b
e a
fire
risk
if no
t m
anag
ed
appr
opria
tely
.Ex
trem
e w
eath
er /
clim
ate
chan
ge im
pact
s •
Man
y fa
cilit
ies
cann
ot h
andl
e si
gnifi
cant
in
fluxe
s of
mat
eria
l fro
m e
xtre
me
wea
ther
ev
ents
. Reg
iona
l and
rur
al fa
cilit
ies
are
part
icul
arly
pro
ne to
bus
hfire
and
floo
d ris
k.Su
stai
nabi
lity
and
othe
r ben
efits
of r
ecyc
ling
/ re
cove
ry
• R
ecov
ery
of m
ater
ials
has
an
envi
ronm
enta
l be
nefit
.
• Im
prov
ed t
rans
port
effi
cien
cies
(e
.g. c
ompa
ctio
n, la
rger
tru
cks)
.•
Reg
iona
l pro
cess
ing
at c
entr
al
poin
ts u
sing
mob
ile p
roce
ssin
g in
fras
truc
ture
may
impr
ove
outc
omes
for
thes
e fa
cilit
ies.
•
Con
solid
atio
n of
site
s an
d cl
osur
e of
regi
onal
land
fills
may
impr
ove
thro
ughp
ut a
nd in
crea
se c
ost
effec
tiven
ess.
• C
urre
nt fi
nanc
ial f
acto
rs li
kely
to
cont
inue
to im
pact
per
form
ance
. •
Con
solid
atio
n of
infr
astr
uctu
re
may
see
larg
er, r
egio
nal f
acili
ties
whi
ch im
prov
e effi
cien
cies
and
ge
nera
te e
cono
mie
s of
sca
le fo
r so
me
mat
eria
ls.
• Em
erge
nce
of p
rodu
ct
stew
ards
hip
sche
mes
for
mat
eria
ls s
uch
as t
yres
and
m
attr
esse
s m
ay im
prov
e co
nditi
ons
for
thes
e co
mm
oditi
es.
Mat
eria
ls
reco
very
fa
cilit
y (M
RF)
Cond
ition
s of
end
mar
kets
•
Sign
ifica
nt fa
lls in
com
mod
ities
pric
es a
re im
pact
ing
profi
tabi
lity
(e.g
. pla
stic
s, m
etal
s an
d gl
ass)
Expo
rt m
arke
ts
• M
any
com
mod
ities
bei
ng s
epar
ated
at
MR
Fs a
re d
epen
dent
on
exp
ort
mar
kets
whi
ch h
ave
cont
ract
ed in
the
last
few
yea
rs
due
to s
tric
ter
cont
rols
on
was
te im
port
s.La
ndfil
l lev
y•
The
incr
easi
ng le
vy ra
tes
have
bee
n on
e of
a n
umbe
r of
fa
ctor
s th
at h
ave
driv
en a
dditi
onal
mat
eria
l int
o M
RFs
. The
le
vy ra
te s
tabi
lises
in 2
015
-16.
Tend
erin
g of
MSW
con
trac
ts
• Th
is fa
ctor
has
sig
nific
antly
impa
cted
regi
onal
MR
F op
erat
ors
with
con
trac
ts b
eing
won
by
met
ropo
litan
MR
Fs w
ho a
re
activ
ely
seek
ing
volu
me
to c
ompl
emen
t ex
istin
g co
ntra
cts.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er /
am
enity
issu
es•
Som
e M
RFs
hav
e ha
d is
sues
with
odo
ur a
nd
nois
e co
mpl
aint
s fr
om s
urro
undi
ng re
side
nts.
Sust
aina
bilit
y an
d ot
her b
enefi
ts o
f rec
yclin
g /
reco
very
• Se
para
tion
and
reco
very
of m
ater
ials
has
an
envi
ronm
enta
l ben
efit.
• Im
prov
e so
rtin
g effi
cien
cy a
nd
qual
ity o
f end
pro
duct
s (t
ied
to t
he a
bilit
y of
the
ope
rato
r to
se
cure
MSW
con
trac
ts a
nd a
cces
s ca
pita
l).
• Po
tent
ial f
or t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of
a m
etho
dolo
gy w
hich
may
allo
w
MR
F op
erat
ors
to a
cces
s Em
issi
ons
Red
uctio
n Fu
nd (
ERF)
.•
Incr
ease
vol
umes
of c
omm
ingl
ed
recy
clab
les
by im
prov
ing
serv
ices
to
the
C&
I sec
tor
(thr
ough
loca
l go
vern
men
t co
ntra
cts
and
the
com
mer
cial
col
lect
ion
mar
ket)
.
• En
d m
arke
t co
nditi
ons
are
likel
y to
per
sist
as
rela
ted
to
com
mod
ities
pric
es. H
owev
er,
as c
omm
ingl
ed re
cycl
ing
is a
re
cogn
ised
cor
e se
rvic
e fo
r m
ost
coun
cils
the
mar
ket w
ill c
ontin
ue
to s
uppo
rt M
RF
oper
ator
s.
• B
usin
ess
mod
el fo
r M
RF
oper
ator
s ar
e lik
ely
to fl
uctu
ate
as t
hey
take
on
com
mod
ity
pric
e ris
k.•
The
num
ber
of c
ounc
ils b
eing
pa
id fo
r co
mm
ingl
ed re
cycl
able
s m
ay re
duce
if c
omm
odity
pric
es
rem
ain
low
.
10
9 D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
110
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
In-v
esse
l pr
oces
sing
of
orga
nics
Cond
ition
of e
nd m
arke
ts
• C
ompo
st m
arke
ts a
re c
onst
rain
ed. H
owev
er, t
here
has
bee
n so
me
impr
ovem
ent
in re
cent
yea
rs w
ith b
ulk
mov
emen
t of
m
ater
ial o
ccur
ring
from
Mel
bour
ne to
Gip
psla
nd a
nd in
to
nort
h ea
st V
icto
ria.
• En
d m
arke
t co
nditi
ons
are
intr
insi
cally
link
ed to
co
ntam
inat
ion
and
qual
ity o
f end
pro
duct
s an
d pr
oduc
ts
desi
gned
for
spec
ific
uses
.•
Gro
ss c
onta
min
atio
n fr
om h
ouse
hold
was
te re
mai
ns a
n is
sue.
Land
use
pla
nnin
g co
ntro
ls –
• En
croa
chm
ent
can
impa
ct t
he p
erfo
rman
ce o
f som
e ex
istin
g fa
cilit
ies.
•
Ther
e is
lim
ited
suita
ble
land
for
deve
lopm
ent
of n
ew fa
cilit
ies
part
icul
arly
in b
uilt
up a
reas
. Tr
ansp
ort /
frei
ght c
osts
• Th
ere
is c
onsi
dera
ble
frei
ght
cost
s as
soci
ated
with
mov
ing
recy
cled
org
anic
s in
to a
gric
ultu
ral m
arke
ts. B
ack-
load
ing
is
com
mon
ly e
mpl
oyed
to o
ffse
t th
is im
pact
.Te
nder
ing
of M
SW c
ontr
acts
• Si
gnifi
cant
vol
umes
of g
arde
n, a
nd in
crea
sing
ly fo
od o
rgan
ics,
ar
e no
w p
roce
ssed
thr
ough
cou
ncil
colle
ctio
n co
ntra
cts.
M
anag
emen
t of
con
tam
inat
ion
thro
ugh
thes
e co
ntra
cts
rem
ains
a s
igni
fican
t ch
alle
nge.
•
Con
tam
inat
ion
is a
cos
t bo
th a
t th
e po
int
of re
mov
al (
or
disp
osal
for
gros
s co
ntam
inat
ion)
and
in te
rms
of it
s im
pact
on
the
sal
e-ab
ility
of e
nd p
rodu
cts.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er•
In-v
esse
l org
anic
s pr
oces
sing
infr
astr
uctu
re
odou
r m
anag
emen
t ha
s im
prov
ed
cons
ider
ably
. How
ever
, site
s in
bui
lt up
ar
eas
and
thos
e th
at a
re p
roce
ssin
g fo
od w
aste
can
stil
l exp
erie
nce
odou
r m
anag
emen
t is
sues
.Co
mpl
ianc
e an
d m
onito
ring
regi
me
• Th
e C
ompo
stin
g G
uide
lines
det
ail E
PA’s
ex
pect
atio
ns fo
r th
e m
anag
emen
t of
or
gani
c w
aste
in o
rder
to m
eet
the
Stat
e En
viro
nmen
t Pr
otec
tion
Polic
ies
(SEP
Ps)
and
Reg
ulat
ions
. The
num
ber
of n
otic
es
issu
ed b
y EP
A h
as in
crea
sed
in re
cent
yea
rs
and
the
guid
elin
es m
ay b
e a
cata
lyst
for
mor
e re
gula
r au
dits
and
insp
ectio
ns.
• O
ppor
tuni
ties
rela
te p
rimar
ily
to t
he v
alue
and
sal
e-ab
ility
of
end
prod
ucts
. Im
prov
emen
t of
co
nditi
ons
for
end
mar
kets
off
ers
oppo
rtun
ity fo
r up
side
, and
th
is m
ay b
e ac
hiev
ed t
hrou
gh
intr
oduc
tion
of n
ew in
fras
truc
ture
an
d im
prov
ed h
ouse
hold
ed
ucat
ion.
• Th
e po
tent
ial f
or c
ompo
st
prod
ucer
s to
gen
erat
e cr
edits
un
der
the
ERF
may
pre
sent
new
op
port
uniti
es to
indu
stry
. CSI
RO
is
inve
stig
atin
g th
e ab
ility
of r
ecyc
led
orga
nics
to a
dd c
arbo
n to
soi
l.•
This
indu
stry
is a
lmos
t en
tirel
y dr
iven
by
the
tend
erin
g of
MSW
co
ntra
cts.
Intr
oduc
ing
new
gre
en
and/
or fo
od w
aste
ser
vice
s m
ay
pres
ent
an o
ppor
tuni
ty.
• Th
e us
e of
food
was
te a
nd e
ven
pres
crib
ed w
aste
str
eam
s to
au
gmen
t pr
oces
sing
of g
arde
n or
gani
cs c
an in
crea
se re
venu
e fo
r or
gani
cs p
roce
ssor
s, h
owev
er d
ue
to o
dour
issu
es t
his
is li
kely
onl
y to
be
feas
ible
at
in-v
esse
l fac
ilitie
s.
• Th
e ou
tlook
for
in-v
esse
l pr
oces
sors
rem
ains
goo
d w
ith n
ew te
nder
s lik
ely
to b
e re
leas
ed.
• En
viro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t at
th
ese
site
s is
sig
nific
antly
bet
ter
than
ope
n w
indr
ow a
ltern
ativ
es
as v
esse
ls a
re u
sual
ly e
nclo
sed
and
unde
r ne
gativ
e pr
essu
re.
Incr
easi
ng la
ndfil
l cos
ts w
ill a
lso
supp
ort
dive
rsio
n of
org
anic
s,
part
icul
arly
food
org
anic
s w
hich
off
ers
an o
ppor
tuni
ty
and
a ch
alle
nge.
• M
ore
adva
nced
tech
nolo
gies
fo
r in
-ves
sel p
roce
ssin
g an
d od
our
trea
tmen
t m
ay p
rovi
de
bett
er o
dour
con
trol
. Thi
s m
ay c
reat
e m
ore
pote
ntia
l si
tes,
sin
ce re
duce
d im
pact
s co
uld
redu
ce re
quire
d bu
ffer
di
stan
ces.
(Foo
tnot
es)
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Ope
n w
indr
ow
proc
essi
ng o
f or
gani
cs22
Cond
ition
of e
nd m
arke
ts
• C
ompo
st m
arke
ts a
re c
onst
rain
ed. H
owev
er, t
here
has
bee
n so
me
impr
ovem
ent
in re
cent
yea
rs w
ith b
ulk
mov
emen
t of
m
ater
ial o
ccur
ring
from
Mel
bour
ne to
Gip
psla
nd a
nd in
to n
orth
ea
st V
icto
ria.
• En
d m
arke
t co
nditi
ons
are
intr
insi
cally
link
ed to
con
tam
inat
ion
and
qual
ity o
f end
pro
duct
s an
d pr
oduc
ts d
esig
ned
for
spec
ific
uses
.•
Gro
ss c
onta
min
atio
n fr
om h
ouse
hold
was
te re
mai
ns a
n is
sue.
Land
use
pla
nnin
g co
ntro
ls –
• En
croa
chm
ent
can
impa
ct t
he p
erfo
rman
ce o
f som
e ex
istin
g fa
cilit
ies.
•
Ther
e is
lim
ited
suita
ble
land
for
deve
lopm
ent
of n
ew fa
cilit
ies
part
icul
arly
in b
uilt
up a
reas
. Tr
ansp
ort /
frei
ght c
osts
• Th
ere
is c
onsi
dera
ble
frei
ght
cost
s as
soci
ated
with
mov
ing
recy
cled
org
anic
s in
to a
gric
ultu
ral m
arke
ts. B
ack-
load
ing
is
com
mon
ly e
mpl
oyed
to o
ffse
t th
is im
pact
.Te
nder
ing
of M
SW c
ontr
acts
• Si
gnifi
cant
vol
umes
of g
arde
n, a
nd in
crea
sing
ly fo
od o
rgan
ics,
ar
e no
w p
roce
ssed
thr
ough
cou
ncil
colle
ctio
n co
ntra
cts.
M
anag
emen
t of
con
tam
inat
ion
thro
ugh
thes
e co
ntra
cts
rem
ains
a
sign
ifica
nt c
halle
nge.
•
Con
tam
inat
ion
is a
cos
t bo
th a
t th
e po
int
of re
mov
al (
or
disp
osal
for
gros
s co
ntam
inat
ion)
and
in te
rms
of it
s im
pact
on
the
sale
-abi
lity
of e
nd p
rodu
cts.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er
• Th
e pe
rfor
man
ce o
f ope
n w
indr
ow c
ompo
stin
g fa
cilit
ies
is c
onsi
dera
bly
impa
cted
by
the
gene
ratio
n of
odo
ur a
nd p
oten
tial l
each
ate
cont
amin
atio
n of
gro
und
and
surf
ace
wat
er.
Man
agin
g th
ese
issu
es re
mai
ns a
con
side
rabl
e ch
alle
nge
for
oper
ator
s.•
Odo
ur is
a p
artic
ular
issu
e fo
r si
tes
near
bui
lt up
ur
ban
area
s or
oth
er s
ensi
tive
uses
.•
Com
plai
nts
from
the
com
mun
ity h
ave
erod
ed
the
soci
al li
cenc
e to
ope
rate
at
som
e fa
cilit
ies.
•
The
pres
ence
of p
hysi
cal c
onta
min
atio
n in
fe
edst
ock
(par
ticul
arly
from
MSW
gar
den
orga
nics
) is
a c
halle
nge
and
its re
mov
al re
quire
s ap
prop
riate
on-
site
equ
ipm
ent
and
man
agem
ent
syst
ems.
• Po
tent
ial m
ovem
ent
of w
eeds
/ s
eeds
and
ot
her
path
ogen
s ar
e an
ong
oing
ris
k re
quiri
ng
appr
opria
te o
nsite
man
agem
ent.
This
is
of p
artic
ular
ris
k w
here
mat
eria
l is
bein
g co
mpo
sted
on
or n
ear
prod
uctiv
e la
nd.
• St
ockp
iles
of m
ater
ial c
ould
be
a po
tent
ial fi
re
risk
if no
t m
anag
ed a
ppro
pria
tely
. •
Mat
eria
l tha
t ha
s no
t de
com
pose
d th
orou
ghly
(a
lso
know
n as
ove
rsiz
ed)
and
has
no e
nd
use
may
hav
e as
soci
ated
env
ironm
enta
l and
ec
onom
ic r
isks
if n
ot m
anag
ed w
ith a
ppro
pria
te
equi
pmen
t an
d sy
stem
s.
Com
plia
nce
and
mon
itorin
g re
gim
e•
The
Com
post
ing
Gui
delin
es o
utlin
e re
quire
men
ts
for
com
post
ing
faci
litie
s th
at s
ugge
sts
it w
ill b
e di
fficu
lt to
man
age
open
win
drow
faci
litie
s in
de
velo
ped
area
s in
the
long
term
.
• O
ppor
tuni
ties
rela
te p
rimar
ily
to t
he v
alue
and
sal
e-ab
ility
of
end
prod
ucts
. Im
prov
emen
t of
con
ditio
ns fo
r en
d m
arke
ts
offer
s op
port
unity
for
upsi
de,
and
this
may
be
achi
eved
th
roug
h in
trod
uctio
n of
new
in
fras
truc
ture
and
impr
oved
ho
useh
old
educ
atio
n.•
The
pote
ntia
l for
com
post
pr
oduc
ers
to g
ener
ate
cred
its
unde
r th
e ER
F m
ay p
rese
nt
new
opp
ortu
nitie
s to
indu
stry
. C
SIR
O is
inve
stig
atin
g th
e ab
ility
of r
ecyc
led
orga
nics
to
add
carb
on to
soi
l.•
This
indu
stry
is a
lmos
t en
tirel
y dr
iven
by
the
tend
erin
g of
M
SW c
ontr
acts
. Int
rodu
cing
ne
w g
reen
and
/or
food
was
te
serv
ices
may
pre
sent
an
oppo
rtun
ity.
• Th
e us
e of
food
was
te a
nd e
ven
pres
crib
ed w
aste
str
eam
s to
au
gmen
t pr
oces
sing
of g
arde
n or
gani
cs c
an in
crea
se re
venu
e fo
r or
gani
cs p
roce
ssor
s,
how
ever
due
to o
dour
issu
es
this
is li
kely
onl
y to
be
feas
ible
at
in-v
esse
l fac
ilitie
s.
• Th
e ou
tlook
for
open
win
drow
pr
oces
sing
is m
ixed
. It
is li
kely
th
at in
com
ing
year
s th
ere
will
be
few
if a
ny p
roce
ssor
s us
ing
this
tech
nolo
gy in
bui
lt up
are
as.
• Th
e ec
onom
ics
of s
cale
and
C
APE
X re
quire
d fo
r in
-ves
sel
alte
rnat
ives
is p
rohi
bitiv
e fo
r m
any
regi
onal
and
rur
al a
reas
, an
d as
suc
h it
is li
kely
tha
t ne
w o
pen
win
drow
pro
cess
ing
faci
litie
s or
cov
ered
/ e
nclo
sed
com
post
ing
will
em
erge
to
serv
ice
thes
e ar
eas.
• R
egio
nal a
nd r
ural
faci
litie
s m
ay a
lso
be s
et u
p to
att
ract
vo
lum
es fr
om M
elbo
urne
.
111
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
22 E
PA li
cens
ing
is re
quire
d w
hen
a fa
cilit
y ha
s th
e ca
paci
ty to
pro
cess
ove
r 10
0 to
nnes
per
mon
th o
r 1,2
00
tonn
es p
er y
ear.
Man
y or
gani
cs p
roce
ssin
g ac
tiviti
es o
ccur
ring
at r
ural
land
fills
, tra
nsfe
r st
atio
ns a
nd o
n-fa
rms
may
not
requ
ire a
n EP
A li
cens
e. E
PA’s
Des
igni
ng, C
onst
ruct
ing
and
Ope
ratin
g C
ompo
stin
g Fa
cilit
ies
Gui
delin
es (
Mar
ch 2
015
) ar
e th
e ap
prop
riate
gui
delin
es to
info
rm o
pera
tors
of a
ll co
mpo
stin
g fa
cilit
ies
rega
rdle
ss o
f whe
ther
or n
ot a
lice
nce
is re
quire
d.
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Woo
d /
timbe
r pr
oces
sing
Cond
ition
s of
end
mar
kets
•
Ther
e ar
e si
gnifi
cant
issu
es in
mov
ing
low
qua
lity,
mix
ed
timbe
r in
the
mar
ket,
from
TS,
C&
D p
roce
ssor
s an
d C
&I s
ortin
g fa
cilit
ies.
•
Som
e or
gani
satio
ns w
orki
ng h
ighe
r up
the
val
ue c
hain
(su
ch
as p
alle
t re
pair
and
resa
le)
are
expe
rienc
ing
good
con
ditio
ns.
How
ever
redu
ced
road
dev
elop
men
t (a
maj
or a
venu
e fo
r ch
ippe
d, lo
w v
alue
mix
ed t
imbe
r) is
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ce
with
som
e fa
cilit
ies
havi
ng s
igni
fican
t st
ockp
iles.
Busi
ness
mod
el
• Th
e tim
ber
proc
essi
ng m
arke
t is
ver
y vo
lum
e de
pend
ent
with
tr
aditi
onal
ly v
ery
low
mar
gins
on
gate
fee
and
end
prod
uct
sale
s. T
he la
ck o
f end
mar
kets
and
relu
ctan
ce in
the
mar
ket
to
pay
to m
ove
timbe
r (i
nste
ad o
ptin
g to
sto
ckpi
le a
nd w
ait
for
chea
per
optio
ns)
is a
con
side
rabl
e fa
ctor
.Tr
ends
in re
sour
ce re
cove
ry te
chno
logi
es•
Glo
bally
, the
re a
re n
o vi
able
pro
cess
ing
optio
ns fo
r tr
eate
d tim
ber
and
man
ufac
ture
d tim
ber.
Whi
lst
som
e w
aste
to e
nerg
y fa
cilit
ies
are
beco
min
g op
erat
iona
l it
is y
et to
be
seen
whe
ther
ai
r cl
eani
ng e
quip
men
t to
allo
w t
he t
herm
al t
reat
men
t of
the
se
prod
ucts
is fe
asib
le in
Aus
tral
ia.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er /
am
enity
issu
es•
Tim
ber
proc
essi
ng is
gen
eral
ly a
low
impa
ct
activ
ity. H
owev
er, t
here
may
be
som
e no
ise
impa
cts
asso
ciat
ed w
ith c
hipp
ing
in la
rge
shre
dder
s an
d vi
sual
am
enity
impa
cts
asso
ciat
ed
with
sto
ckpi
ling.
• Th
e ke
y op
port
unity
in t
his
area
is
the
em
erge
nce
of e
nerg
y fr
om w
aste
tech
nolo
gies
abl
e to
util
ise
woo
dy b
iom
ass
to g
ener
ate
pow
er. S
ome
smal
l sca
le fa
cilit
ies
are
now
op
erat
ing
in M
elbo
urne
and
re
gion
al V
icto
ria w
ith o
ther
s in
th
e pl
anni
ng p
hase
.•
How
ever
, the
tech
nolo
gy id
eally
ne
eds
to b
e ab
le to
eve
ntua
lly
cope
with
man
ufac
ture
d an
d tr
eate
d tim
bers
als
o as
th
ese
prod
ucts
mak
e up
a
cons
ider
able
por
tion
of t
he
timbe
r w
aste
str
eam
and
cu
rren
tly h
ave
no v
iabl
e m
arke
ts o
ther
tha
n la
ndfil
l.•
New
road
pro
ject
s pr
edic
ted
offer
an
oppo
rtun
ity fo
r bu
lk
mov
emen
t of
reco
vere
d tim
ber
for
land
scap
ing.
• Th
e ou
tlook
for
the
timbe
r m
arke
t is
link
ed to
tw
o fa
ctor
s: >
The
degr
ee to
whi
ch E
fW
tech
nolo
gy c
an u
tilis
e bo
th c
lean
and
tre
ated
/m
anuf
actu
red
timbe
r st
ream
s. >
The
emer
genc
e of
road
co
nstr
uctio
n pr
ojec
ts (
and
othe
r m
ajor
dev
elop
men
t pr
ojec
ts in
volv
ing
land
scap
ing)
.
With
out
thes
e th
ings
, the
pe
rfor
man
ce o
utlo
ok lo
oks
chal
leng
ing.
Pape
r/ca
rdbo
ard
Indu
stry
tren
ds /
eco
nom
ies
of s
cale
•
Acc
ess
to h
igh
quan
titie
s of
cle
an m
ater
ial i
s a
key
fact
or. A
roun
d tw
o th
irds
of p
aper
/car
dboa
rd is
gen
erat
ed in
the
C&
I sec
tor
and
ther
e is
str
ong
com
petit
ion
to g
et a
cces
s to
this
mat
eria
l to
gen
erat
e ec
onom
ies
of s
cale
. Con
tam
inat
ion
is m
ore
easi
ly
man
aged
in s
ourc
e se
para
ted
C&
I was
te a
nd th
is m
ater
ial i
s fa
vour
ed.
• M
any
com
pani
es d
o no
t use
ded
icat
ed c
ardb
oard
bin
s w
hich
m
eans
a s
igni
fican
t vol
ume
of m
ater
ial i
s lo
st to
land
fill T
ende
ring
of M
SW c
ontr
acts
pro
vide
s ac
cess
to th
e re
mai
ning
third
of
feed
stoc
k. T
his
also
dic
tate
s w
heth
er m
ater
ial i
s pr
oces
sed
in V
icto
ria, o
ther
Aus
tral
ian
juris
dict
ions
(m
ainl
y N
SW)
or
inte
rnat
iona
lly.
Cond
ition
s of
end
mar
kets
•
Pape
r/ca
rdbo
ard
prod
ucts
are
sep
arat
ed b
y th
eir
valu
e in
term
s of
end
mar
ket
purc
hasi
ng. S
epar
ated
offi
ce p
aper
has
str
ong
mar
kets
, how
ever
mix
ed, l
ow g
rade
pap
er (
e.g.
new
sprin
t) d
oes
not
mov
e as
free
ly o
n th
e in
tern
atio
nal m
arke
t.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er
• Th
ere
are
som
e po
tent
ial i
ssue
s w
ith o
dour
an
d tr
ade
was
te re
late
d to
pap
er/c
ardb
oard
re
proc
essi
ng.
• Th
e op
port
unity
lies
in re
cove
ring
the
tonn
ages
of m
ater
ial t
hat
curr
ently
go
to la
ndfil
l. Th
e m
ajor
ity is
land
fille
d fr
om th
e C&
I sec
tor a
nd a
s su
ch g
reat
er
dive
rsio
n an
d co
nsol
idat
ion
rem
ains
pos
sibl
e w
here
the
busi
ness
cas
e ex
ists
. Edu
catio
n an
d ch
ange
s in
tren
ds w
ithin
bu
sine
sses
may
ass
ist.
• Th
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
a n
ew m
ill
in V
icto
ria w
ill in
crea
se t
he
loca
l pro
cess
ing
capa
city
for
recy
cled
pap
er.
• W
aste
to e
nerg
y is
als
o an
op
tion
for
pape
r/ca
rdbo
ard
that
is
hig
hly
cont
amin
ated
.
• St
ricte
r en
forc
emen
t on
poo
rly
sort
ed m
ater
ials
ent
erin
g th
e A
sian
eco
nom
ies
has
had
an
impa
ct o
n m
ixed
low
gra
de
pape
r/ca
rdbo
ard.
It is
like
ly
that
thi
s w
ill c
ontin
ue in
to t
he
futu
re.
• M
arke
ts fo
r w
ell s
epar
ated
offi
ce p
aper
rem
ain
stro
ng
natio
nally
and
inte
rnat
iona
lly.
112
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Gla
ssM
arke
t int
ensi
ty
• Th
ere
is o
nly
one
man
ufac
ture
r of
gla
ss in
Vic
toria
who
pu
rcha
ses
the
maj
ority
of b
enefi
ciat
ed g
lass
from
MR
F op
erat
ors.
• C
ulle
t pr
ices
hav
e be
en re
duce
d in
rece
nt y
ears
to c
ompe
te w
ith
inte
rnat
iona
l gla
ss im
port
s.
• R
elia
nce
on o
ne o
pera
tor
is a
pot
entia
l ris
k.Bu
sine
ss m
odel
s /
cond
ition
of e
nd m
arke
ts
• A
ltern
ativ
e bu
sine
ss m
odel
s th
at d
o no
t re
ly o
n th
e sa
le o
f cu
llet
but
inst
ead
use
low
er c
apex
inve
stm
ent
to c
rush
gla
ss
into
a s
and
repl
acem
ent
prod
uct
have
foun
d so
me
diffi
culty
in
findi
ng m
arke
ts.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er /
am
enity
issu
es
• Th
e ke
y is
sue
asso
ciat
ed w
ith g
lass
pro
cess
ing
has
been
the
man
agem
ent
of t
he u
nder
size
fr
actio
n (k
now
n as
“gl
ass
fines
”). A
num
ber
of
larg
e st
ockp
iles
of m
ater
ial e
xist
to t
he w
est
of
Mel
bour
ne w
hich
impa
cts
on v
isua
l am
enity
and
ha
s in
the
pas
t le
d to
not
ices
bei
ng is
sued
due
to
leac
hate
reac
hing
nea
rby
surf
ace
wat
er. A
n or
gani
c sl
udge
can
be
gene
rate
d fr
om s
tock
pile
d po
st-c
onsu
mer
gla
ss.
• Th
e va
lue
of g
lass
cul
let
is
depe
nden
t on
the
deg
ree
to
whi
ch it
can
be
sepa
rate
d.
The
intr
oduc
tion
of im
prov
ed
tech
nolo
gy to
sor
t gl
ass
by c
olou
r do
wn
to s
mal
ler
frac
tions
(le
ss t
han
5mm
) off
ers
a co
nsid
erab
le o
ppor
tuni
ty. T
his
can
gene
rate
gre
ater
retu
rns
how
ever
thi
s m
ust
be w
eigh
ed
up a
gain
st t
he s
igni
fican
t in
fras
truc
ture
cos
ts.
• R
ecen
t w
ork
with
Vic
toria
n w
ater
aut
horit
ies
to u
se g
lass
sa
nd a
s pi
pe b
eddi
ng h
as
impr
oved
the
mar
kets
for
this
pr
oduc
t.
• Th
e gl
ass
culle
t m
arke
t is
like
ly to
rem
ain
stab
le
in c
omin
g ye
ars
and
may
gr
ow if
inve
stm
ent
in g
lass
be
nefic
iatio
n in
fras
truc
ture
in
crea
ses
volu
mes
of c
olou
r an
d si
ze s
orte
d m
ater
ial.
• Th
e ou
tlook
for
glas
s cr
ushi
ng
infr
astr
uctu
re lo
oks
rela
tivel
y po
sitiv
e in
ligh
t of
the
in
crea
sed
upta
ke o
f som
e sa
nd re
plac
emen
t pr
oduc
ts,
how
ever
thi
s is
loca
tion
depe
nden
t an
d m
ore
wor
k is
re
quire
d to
bui
ld a
sta
tew
ide
mar
ket.
• O
ff s
pec
glas
s fin
es w
ill re
mai
n an
ong
oing
cha
lleng
e fo
r th
e in
dust
ry.
Plas
tics
Indu
stry
tren
ds /
con
ditio
n of
end
mar
kets
• V
icto
ria h
as t
radi
tiona
lly b
een
a hu
b fo
r pl
astic
s re
proc
essi
ng,
how
ever
the
dow
ntur
n in
man
ufac
turin
g co
nditi
ons
and
clos
ure
of m
any
man
ufac
turin
g op
erat
ions
has
sig
nific
antly
impa
cted
pl
astic
s re
proc
esso
rs.
• Th
ere
are
limite
d lo
cal e
nd m
arke
ts le
adin
g to
repr
oces
sors
se
ndin
g m
ater
ial o
ffsh
ore.
Cost
of l
abou
r / c
apex
• In
crea
sing
ene
rgy
cost
s ar
e im
pact
ing
plas
tics
repr
oces
sing
.Ex
port
mar
ket s
tren
gth
• M
ovem
ent
of m
ixed
pla
stic
s an
d lo
w g
rade
pla
stic
s ha
s be
en
cons
trai
ned
by in
crea
sed
bord
er s
crut
iny
of w
aste
com
ing
into
A
sian
por
ts.
Cons
umer
tren
ds
• Th
e tr
end
tow
ard
flexi
ble,
mul
tilay
ered
pla
stic
s, e
spec
ially
in
food
pac
kagi
ng. T
his
mat
eria
l inc
reas
es t
he s
helf
life
of fr
esh
prod
ucts
but
cur
rent
ly n
ot re
cycl
able
in A
ustr
alia
.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er
• Th
ere
are
som
e po
tent
ial e
mis
sion
s im
pact
s (m
ainl
y ai
r) a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith re
cycl
ing
plas
tics
how
ever
mos
t ar
e m
anag
ed w
ell.
Sust
aina
bilit
y an
d ot
her b
enefi
ts o
f rec
yclin
g /
reco
very
• Th
ere
are
cons
ider
able
ben
efits
from
recy
clin
g pl
astic
s (m
ainl
y re
latin
g to
off
sets
in e
nerg
y an
d oi
l con
sum
ptio
n), h
owev
er s
tudi
es s
ugge
st t
here
is
a n
et c
ost
asso
ciat
ed w
ith w
ater
usa
ge.
• Pl
astic
s va
lue
is d
epen
dent
on
the
degr
ee to
whi
ch it
can
be
sepa
rate
d by
typ
e. C
lean
, wel
l se
para
ted
plas
tics
can
gene
rate
st
rong
pric
es. I
mpr
oved
te
chno
logy
to s
ort
plas
tics
by t
ype
offer
s a
cons
ider
able
m
arke
t op
port
unity
. Thi
s ca
n ge
nera
te g
reat
er re
turn
s)
how
ever
mus
t be
wei
ghed
up
aga
inst
the
sig
nific
ant
infr
astr
uctu
re c
osts
.
• Th
e pl
astic
s m
arke
t ou
tlook
is
varie
d. T
he lo
cal r
epro
cess
ing
indu
stry
app
ears
to b
e co
ntra
ctin
g an
d m
ay c
ontin
ue
to d
o so
bas
ed o
n lo
cal
man
ufac
turin
g de
clin
e.•
Expo
rt o
f mat
eria
l will
co
ntin
ue to
incr
ease
as
an o
ptio
n fo
r re
cove
red
plas
tics
and
if M
RF
oper
ator
s co
mm
ence
col
lect
ing
flexi
ble
plas
tics
ther
e m
ay b
e m
ore
pres
sure
put
on
expo
rt o
f low
va
lue
mat
eria
ls.
113
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Gla
ssM
arke
t int
ensi
ty
• Th
ere
is o
nly
one
man
ufac
ture
r of
gla
ss in
Vic
toria
who
pu
rcha
ses
the
maj
ority
of b
enefi
ciat
ed g
lass
from
MR
F op
erat
ors.
• C
ulle
t pr
ices
hav
e be
en re
duce
d in
rece
nt y
ears
to c
ompe
te w
ith
inte
rnat
iona
l gla
ss im
port
s.
• R
elia
nce
on o
ne o
pera
tor
is a
pot
entia
l ris
k.Bu
sine
ss m
odel
s /
cond
ition
of e
nd m
arke
ts
• A
ltern
ativ
e bu
sine
ss m
odel
s th
at d
o no
t re
ly o
n th
e sa
le o
f cu
llet
but
inst
ead
use
low
er c
apex
inve
stm
ent
to c
rush
gla
ss
into
a s
and
repl
acem
ent
prod
uct
have
foun
d so
me
diffi
culty
in
findi
ng m
arke
ts.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er /
am
enity
issu
es
• Th
e ke
y is
sue
asso
ciat
ed w
ith g
lass
pro
cess
ing
has
been
the
man
agem
ent
of t
he u
nder
size
fr
actio
n (k
now
n as
“gl
ass
fines
”). A
num
ber
of
larg
e st
ockp
iles
of m
ater
ial e
xist
to t
he w
est
of
Mel
bour
ne w
hich
impa
cts
on v
isua
l am
enity
and
ha
s in
the
pas
t le
d to
not
ices
bei
ng is
sued
due
to
leac
hate
reac
hing
nea
rby
surf
ace
wat
er. A
n or
gani
c sl
udge
can
be
gene
rate
d fr
om s
tock
pile
d po
st-c
onsu
mer
gla
ss.
• Th
e va
lue
of g
lass
cul
let
is
depe
nden
t on
the
deg
ree
to
whi
ch it
can
be
sepa
rate
d.
The
intr
oduc
tion
of im
prov
ed
tech
nolo
gy to
sor
t gl
ass
by c
olou
r do
wn
to s
mal
ler
frac
tions
(le
ss t
han
5mm
) off
ers
a co
nsid
erab
le o
ppor
tuni
ty. T
his
can
gene
rate
gre
ater
retu
rns
how
ever
thi
s m
ust
be w
eigh
ed
up a
gain
st t
he s
igni
fican
t in
fras
truc
ture
cos
ts.
• R
ecen
t w
ork
with
Vic
toria
n w
ater
aut
horit
ies
to u
se g
lass
sa
nd a
s pi
pe b
eddi
ng h
as
impr
oved
the
mar
kets
for
this
pr
oduc
t.
• Th
e gl
ass
culle
t m
arke
t is
like
ly to
rem
ain
stab
le
in c
omin
g ye
ars
and
may
gr
ow if
inve
stm
ent
in g
lass
be
nefic
iatio
n in
fras
truc
ture
in
crea
ses
volu
mes
of c
olou
r an
d si
ze s
orte
d m
ater
ial.
• Th
e ou
tlook
for
glas
s cr
ushi
ng
infr
astr
uctu
re lo
oks
rela
tivel
y po
sitiv
e in
ligh
t of
the
in
crea
sed
upta
ke o
f som
e sa
nd re
plac
emen
t pr
oduc
ts,
how
ever
thi
s is
loca
tion
depe
nden
t an
d m
ore
wor
k is
re
quire
d to
bui
ld a
sta
tew
ide
mar
ket.
• O
ff s
pec
glas
s fin
es w
ill re
mai
n an
ong
oing
cha
lleng
e fo
r th
e in
dust
ry.
Plas
tics
Indu
stry
tren
ds /
con
ditio
n of
end
mar
kets
• V
icto
ria h
as t
radi
tiona
lly b
een
a hu
b fo
r pl
astic
s re
proc
essi
ng,
how
ever
the
dow
ntur
n in
man
ufac
turin
g co
nditi
ons
and
clos
ure
of m
any
man
ufac
turin
g op
erat
ions
has
sig
nific
antly
impa
cted
pl
astic
s re
proc
esso
rs.
• Th
ere
are
limite
d lo
cal e
nd m
arke
ts le
adin
g to
repr
oces
sors
se
ndin
g m
ater
ial o
ffsh
ore.
Cost
of l
abou
r / c
apex
• In
crea
sing
ene
rgy
cost
s ar
e im
pact
ing
plas
tics
repr
oces
sing
.Ex
port
mar
ket s
tren
gth
• M
ovem
ent
of m
ixed
pla
stic
s an
d lo
w g
rade
pla
stic
s ha
s be
en
cons
trai
ned
by in
crea
sed
bord
er s
crut
iny
of w
aste
com
ing
into
A
sian
por
ts.
Cons
umer
tren
ds
• Th
e tr
end
tow
ard
flexi
ble,
mul
tilay
ered
pla
stic
s, e
spec
ially
in
food
pac
kagi
ng. T
his
mat
eria
l inc
reas
es t
he s
helf
life
of fr
esh
prod
ucts
but
cur
rent
ly n
ot re
cycl
able
in A
ustr
alia
.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er
• Th
ere
are
som
e po
tent
ial e
mis
sion
s im
pact
s (m
ainl
y ai
r) a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith re
cycl
ing
plas
tics
how
ever
mos
t ar
e m
anag
ed w
ell.
Sust
aina
bilit
y an
d ot
her b
enefi
ts o
f rec
yclin
g /
reco
very
• Th
ere
are
cons
ider
able
ben
efits
from
recy
clin
g pl
astic
s (m
ainl
y re
latin
g to
off
sets
in e
nerg
y an
d oi
l con
sum
ptio
n), h
owev
er s
tudi
es s
ugge
st t
here
is
a n
et c
ost
asso
ciat
ed w
ith w
ater
usa
ge.
• Pl
astic
s va
lue
is d
epen
dent
on
the
degr
ee to
whi
ch it
can
be
sepa
rate
d by
typ
e. C
lean
, wel
l se
para
ted
plas
tics
can
gene
rate
st
rong
pric
es. I
mpr
oved
te
chno
logy
to s
ort
plas
tics
by t
ype
offer
s a
cons
ider
able
m
arke
t op
port
unity
. Thi
s ca
n ge
nera
te g
reat
er re
turn
s)
how
ever
mus
t be
wei
ghed
up
aga
inst
the
sig
nific
ant
infr
astr
uctu
re c
osts
.
• Th
e pl
astic
s m
arke
t ou
tlook
is
varie
d. T
he lo
cal r
epro
cess
ing
indu
stry
app
ears
to b
e co
ntra
ctin
g an
d m
ay c
ontin
ue
to d
o so
bas
ed o
n lo
cal
man
ufac
turin
g de
clin
e.•
Expo
rt o
f mat
eria
l will
co
ntin
ue to
incr
ease
as
an o
ptio
n fo
r re
cove
red
plas
tics
and
if M
RF
oper
ator
s co
mm
ence
col
lect
ing
flexi
ble
plas
tics
ther
e m
ay b
e m
ore
pres
sure
put
on
expo
rt o
f low
va
lue
mat
eria
ls.
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Rub
ber
(inc
ludi
ng
tyre
s)
Cond
ition
s of
end
mar
kets
•
Loca
l rec
yclin
g of
end
–of-
life
tyre
s ha
s co
ntra
cted
by
arou
nd
half
in t
he p
ast
5 ye
ars.
Thi
s is
due
in p
art
to li
mite
d lo
cal
optio
ns fo
r ty
re-d
eriv
ed p
rodu
cts
and
chea
per
offsh
ore
optio
ns
for
tyre
der
ived
fuel
(TD
F).
Expo
rt m
arke
t str
engt
h /
tran
spor
t/fr
eigh
t cos
ts
• A
roun
d 75
% o
f pro
cess
ed e
nd o
f life
tyr
es a
re s
ent
offsh
ore
as
TDF.
Thi
s m
arke
t ha
s co
ntra
cted
sig
nific
antly
in 2
015
aft
er t
he
clos
ure
of t
herm
al p
lant
s in
Mal
aysi
a an
d a
tight
enin
g of
impo
rt
requ
irem
ents
in s
ome
Asi
an c
ount
ries.
Thi
s ha
s le
d to
man
y sm
alle
r pr
oces
sors
and
col
lect
ors
of t
yres
goi
ng o
ut o
f bus
ines
s.Po
licy
and
regu
lato
ry fr
amew
ork
• Th
e la
ck o
f str
ong
regu
latio
n to
lim
it ty
re s
tock
pilin
g ha
s ha
d a
cons
ider
able
impa
ct o
n ty
re re
proc
essi
ng in
fras
truc
ture
. Thi
s ha
s dr
iven
poo
r pr
actic
es a
nd a
llow
ed t
he m
arke
t to
und
ercu
t m
ore
legi
timat
e re
cycl
ing
oper
atio
ns. T
he in
trod
uctio
n of
re
gula
tions
for
the
man
agem
ent
of e
nd o
f life
tyr
es is
like
ly to
im
prov
e th
e ec
onom
ic p
erfo
rman
ce o
f inf
rast
ruct
ure.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er /
am
enity
issu
es
• St
ockp
iling
of m
ater
ial f
or re
proc
essi
ng o
r ill
egal
st
orag
e co
nstit
utes
sig
nific
ant
risk
for
tyre
re
proc
essi
ng in
fras
truc
ture
in te
rms
of p
oten
tial
fire
and
the
asso
ciat
ed im
pact
s on
air
and
wat
er.
Rec
ent
chan
ges
in le
gisl
atio
n ha
ve b
een
mad
e to
pr
even
t th
is o
ccur
ring.
•
A s
igni
fican
t pr
opor
tion
of t
yres
are
exp
orte
d fo
r us
e as
fuel
in t
herm
al p
roce
ssin
g fa
cilit
ies
arou
nd t
he w
orld
. Ade
quat
e en
viro
nmen
tal
man
agem
ent
stan
dard
s of
des
tinat
ion
coun
trie
s ar
e an
impo
rtan
t co
nsid
erat
ion.
• Th
e pr
ice
diff
eren
tial b
etw
een
loca
l mar
kets
for
high
qua
lity
tyre
cru
mb
and
inte
rnat
iona
l m
arke
ts fo
r sh
redd
ed T
DF
is c
onsi
dera
ble.
Whi
lst
the
proc
essi
ng c
osts
to p
rodu
ce
crum
b ru
bber
are
con
side
rabl
y gr
eate
r, th
e m
argi
ns c
an b
e la
rge
enou
gh to
war
rant
thi
s in
vest
men
t. Th
is is
dep
ende
nt
on d
eman
d fo
r hi
gh q
ualit
y cr
umb
rubb
er w
hich
is c
urre
ntly
lim
ited
in in
Aus
tral
ia.
• Im
prov
ing
loca
l mar
kets
is a
fo
cus
of t
he n
ewly
form
ed
Tyre
Ste
war
dshi
p A
ustr
alia
(T
SA).
The
com
bina
tion
of
tight
er re
gula
tion
and
the
TSA
ac
cred
itatio
n sc
hem
e off
ers
the
indu
stry
an
oppo
rtun
ity to
bui
ld
loca
l mar
kets
and
incr
ease
the
sa
le o
f hig
h qu
ality
pro
duct
s, in
tu
rn re
duci
ng t
he fo
cus
on lo
w
valu
e ex
port
s.
• Th
e lo
ng te
rm o
utlo
ok fo
r re
proc
esso
rs o
f end
of l
ife
tyre
s is
goo
d. H
owev
er,
the
shor
t to
med
ium
term
co
nditi
ons
with
in t
he m
arke
t in
dica
tes
that
the
cur
rent
pr
essu
res
on lo
cal a
nd
inte
rnat
iona
l mar
kets
will
pe
rsis
t.
114
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Met
als
Cond
ition
s of
end
mar
kets
•
The
slow
dow
n in
glo
bal c
onst
ruct
ion
has
seen
the
pric
e of
scr
ap
met
al (
base
met
als
such
as
scra
p st
eel)
fall
mor
e th
an 3
0%
in
the
past
4 y
ears
whi
ch h
as s
igni
fican
tly im
pact
ed p
erfo
rman
ce.
How
ever
, it
shou
ld b
e no
ted
that
som
e no
n-fe
rrou
s m
etal
s ar
e fe
tchi
ng re
cord
pric
es a
nd a
s su
ch t
his
mar
ket
is c
onsi
dera
bly
stro
nger
at
pres
ent.
Econ
omie
s of
sca
le•
The
low
pric
e of
scr
ap m
etal
s is
lead
ing
to o
pera
tors
“he
dgin
g”
thro
ugh
stoc
kpili
ng a
s th
ey w
ait
for
high
er p
rices
. Thi
s is
als
o be
caus
e m
any
met
als
colle
ctor
s ar
e re
quiri
ng g
reat
er v
olum
es
of m
ater
ial t
o ju
stify
tra
nspo
rt e
xpen
ses.
Cost
of l
abou
r / c
apex
cos
ts
• Th
e re
cycl
ing
of s
crap
ste
el in
to s
teel
bill
et is
an
ener
gy
inte
nsiv
e pr
oces
s an
d in
crea
sing
ene
rgy
cost
s ha
ve im
pact
ed
mar
gins
. •
Dis
posa
l cos
ts a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith t
he b
y-pr
oduc
ts o
f shr
eddi
ng
cars
and
whi
tego
ods
to re
clai
m s
crap
ste
el (
shre
dder
floc
) ar
e in
crea
sing
ly im
pact
ing
the
busi
ness
. •
Loca
l rep
roce
ssin
g of
non
-fer
rous
met
als
such
as
alum
iniu
m
has
also
bee
n im
pact
ed b
y en
ergy
pric
es w
hich
may
see
som
e fa
cilit
ies
clos
e in
com
ing
year
s.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er•
Noi
se is
sues
ass
ocia
ted
with
bot
h sc
rap
met
al
yard
s an
d ce
ntra
lised
pro
cess
ing
faci
litie
s (s
hred
ders
mai
nly)
hav
e be
en n
oted
with
in t
he
indu
stry
. •
The
disp
osal
of s
hred
der
floc
is li
mite
d to
one
lic
ense
d la
ndfil
l and
the
pre
senc
e of
oils
and
PC
Bs
in t
he m
ater
ial o
ffer
s so
me
pote
ntia
l en
viro
nmen
tal r
isk.
•
The
vast
maj
ority
of m
etal
s ar
e br
ough
t to
M
elbo
urne
for
proc
essi
ng fr
om a
cros
s th
e st
ate
thus
gre
enho
use
gas
emis
sion
s fr
om t
rans
port
is
a fa
ctor
for
cons
ider
atio
n.
• Th
ere
are
oppo
rtun
ities
for
grea
ter
cons
olid
atio
n of
m
ater
ial i
n re
gion
al V
icto
ria to
im
prov
e ec
onom
ics
of s
cale
.•
Pote
ntia
l opp
ortu
nitie
s fo
r op
erat
ors
to re
duce
ope
ratio
nal
cost
s th
roug
h re
duce
d po
wer
co
nsum
ptio
n (o
r on
site
al
tern
ativ
e fu
el g
ener
atio
n) a
nd
also
thr
ough
incr
ease
d re
cove
ry
of s
hred
der
floc.
•
Ther
e ar
e op
tions
for
proc
essi
ng s
hred
der
floc
usin
g py
roly
sis
or g
asifi
catio
n,
how
ever
at
this
sta
ge it
is li
kely
no
t to
be
cost
eff
ectiv
e to
in
vest
in s
uch
infr
astr
uctu
re.
Ong
oing
incr
ease
s in
pow
er
and
was
te d
ispo
sal c
harg
es
may
impr
ove
the
busi
ness
ca
se fo
r in
vest
men
t of
thi
s in
fras
truc
ture
.
• M
ost
anal
ysts
are
pre
dict
ing
ongo
ing
soft
ness
in
com
mod
ities
pric
es in
to t
he
futu
re. I
t m
ay w
ell b
e th
e ca
se
that
cur
rent
pric
es fo
r ba
se
met
als
are
the
“new
nor
mal
” as
opp
osed
to a
tem
pora
ry
low
pric
e. T
he m
ajor
met
als
repr
oces
sors
are
like
ly to
co
ntin
ue to
ope
rate
und
er
thes
e co
nditi
ons
as t
hey
can
set
the
pric
e (e
ffec
tivel
y th
e re
cove
ry o
f met
als
rem
ains
co
st e
ffec
tive
as lo
ng a
s it’
s ch
eape
r th
an la
ndfil
ling)
and
m
anag
e op
erat
iona
l cos
ts
mor
e ea
sily
tha
n sm
all a
nd
mid
-tie
r pl
ayer
s.•
The
outlo
ok fo
r no
n-fe
rrou
s m
etal
s re
proc
esso
rs lo
oks
mor
e po
sitiv
e w
ith p
rices
for
copp
er a
nd a
lum
iniu
m li
kely
to
rem
ain
high
.
Agg
rega
te,
mas
onry
and
so
ils
Gov
ernm
ent l
evie
s•
An
ongo
ing
driv
er s
uppo
rtin
g th
e di
vers
ion
of m
ason
ry
prod
ucts
is t
he la
ndfil
l lev
y. W
hen
com
bine
d w
ith in
crea
sing
op
erat
iona
l cos
ts it
mak
es t
he b
usin
ess
case
for
recy
clin
g he
avy
mat
eria
ls s
tron
g.Tr
ansp
ort /
frei
ght
• Th
e co
st o
f tra
nspo
rt fo
r C
&D
mat
eria
ls m
akes
it c
ost
proh
ibiti
ve
to re
cove
r th
em b
eyon
d ar
ound
a 5
0km
radi
us to
a p
roce
ssin
g fa
cilit
y.Po
licy
and
regu
lato
ry fr
amew
ork
• Th
e ap
prov
al o
f Sol
id in
ert
land
fills
may
impa
ct t
he p
erfo
rman
ce
of C
&D
repr
oces
sing
in t
hat
area
.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er
• A
men
ity is
sues
ass
ocia
ted
with
noi
se a
nd d
ust
impa
ct t
he p
erfo
rman
ce o
f C&
D p
roce
ssin
g in
fras
truc
ture
.•
Com
mun
ity c
once
rns
have
impa
cted
the
soc
ial
licen
se to
ope
rate
for
a nu
mbe
r of
faci
litie
s.
• Th
ere
are
oppo
rtun
ities
for
furt
her
proc
essi
ng o
f C&
D
mat
eria
ls in
regi
onal
and
rur
al
Vic
toria
whe
re c
osts
and
end
m
arke
ts a
llow
.•
Mob
ile p
roce
ssin
g in
fras
truc
ture
to
ser
vice
loca
l con
stru
ctio
n pr
ojec
ts, a
s w
ell a
s co
nsol
idat
ion
at re
gion
al h
ubs
coul
d be
con
side
red
here
.
• Th
e C
&D
indu
stry
is
intr
insi
cally
link
ed to
the
co
nstr
uctio
n m
arke
t w
hich
is
pred
icte
d to
incr
ease
ove
r th
e ne
xt 5
yea
rs in
dica
ting
posi
tive
sign
s fo
r C
&D
pro
cess
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re.
• Th
e up
take
of e
nd p
rodu
cts
for
cons
truc
tion
and
road
de
velo
pmen
t pr
ojec
ts is
fa
vour
able
with
com
petit
ive
pric
ing
and
wor
k be
ing
unde
rtak
en b
y V
icto
ria a
nd
NSW
to in
crea
se t
he p
rofil
e of
re
cycl
ed a
ggre
gate
s.
115
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Text
iles
(inc
ludi
ng
mat
tres
ses)
Cond
ition
of e
nd m
arke
ts
• Th
ere
are
limite
d op
port
uniti
es fo
r re
cove
ry a
nd p
roce
ssin
g of
text
iles
prim
arily
bec
ause
cos
ts a
re h
igh
and
the
valu
e of
end
pro
duct
s ge
nera
lly lo
w. P
erfo
rman
ce o
f pro
cess
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re is
hea
vily
impa
cted
by
end
mar
kets
whi
ch h
ave
decl
ined
in li
ne w
ith g
ener
al m
anuf
actu
ring.
Cape
x Co
sts
/ Co
st o
f lab
our
• Pr
oces
sing
of m
attr
esse
s in
par
ticul
ar is
exp
ensi
ve a
s it
is e
ither
he
avily
aut
omat
ed a
nd re
quire
s hi
gh c
apex
cos
ts, o
r is
via
m
anua
l dec
onst
ruct
ion
whi
ch re
quire
s hi
gh c
apex
/lab
our
cost
s.Co
nsum
er tr
ends
•
The
text
iles
mar
ket
is a
lmos
t en
tirel
y ga
te fe
e dr
iven
due
to
the
limite
d re
sale
val
ue o
f end
pro
duct
s. C
onsu
mer
s ar
e of
ten
unw
illin
g to
pay
the
tru
e co
st o
f dis
posa
l for
the
se in
stea
d op
ting
to u
se k
erbs
ide
bulk
was
te c
olle
ctio
ns o
r se
ek lo
wer
ra
tes
at t
rans
fer
stat
ions
.Bu
sine
ss m
odel
s •
The
indu
stry
is s
tron
gly
driv
en b
y th
roug
hput
and
low
mar
gins
w
ith m
any
proc
esso
rs u
sing
low
er c
ost
labo
ur a
ltern
ativ
es (
for
exam
ple
soci
al e
nter
pris
es)
to m
aint
ain
cost
eff
ectiv
enes
s.
How
ever
, sm
all c
hang
es in
mar
ket
cond
ition
s an
d hi
gh c
apex
co
sts
mak
e th
e op
erat
ion
mar
gina
l and
pro
ne to
issu
es.
• Li
mite
d en
viro
nmen
tal i
ssue
s w
ith te
xtile
s re
cycl
ing.
• G
iven
tha
t ju
st 3
% o
f tex
tiles
ar
e re
cove
red
for
repr
oces
sing
, th
ere
are
oppo
rtun
ities
fo
r gr
eate
r re
cove
ry a
nd
inve
stm
ent
in im
prov
ed
infr
astr
uctu
re. H
owev
er, t
he
busi
ness
cas
e re
mai
ns m
argi
nal
in m
ost
inst
ance
s.
• W
ork
unde
rway
with
in t
he
indu
stry
to d
evel
op a
pro
duct
st
ewar
dshi
p ap
proa
ch
may
influ
ence
reco
very
of
mat
tres
ses.
• Th
e ou
tlook
for
text
iles
reco
very
is le
ss c
lear
, it
is
unlik
ely
the
busi
ness
cas
e w
ill im
prov
e un
der
curr
ent
cond
ition
s. E
nerg
y fr
om w
aste
in
fras
truc
ture
may
bec
ome
a vi
able
alte
rnat
ive.
116
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
117
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
E-w
aste
Bu
sine
ss m
odel
s•
The
busi
ness
cas
e fo
r in
vest
men
t in
pro
cess
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re is
de
pend
ent
on c
ontin
uous
sup
ply
of fe
edst
ock
from
the
exi
stin
g N
atio
nal T
elev
isio
n an
d C
ompu
ter
Rec
yclin
g Sc
hem
e (N
TCR
S)
or, m
ater
ial c
olle
cted
out
side
of t
he s
chem
e.•
Low
vol
umes
of m
ater
ial a
nd h
igh
proc
essi
ng c
osts
att
ribut
e to
ex
port
bei
ng fi
nanc
ially
mor
e vi
able
.Co
nditi
on o
f end
mar
kets
• C
omm
odity
mar
kets
for
proc
esse
d e-
was
te is
a g
loba
l, flu
ctua
ting
mar
ket
cond
ition
al o
n su
pply
and
dem
and.
Ope
x/Ca
pex
cost
s•
E-w
aste
pro
cess
ing
is la
bour
inte
nsiv
e in
crea
sing
the
cos
t to
pr
oces
s an
d lo
wer
ing
proc
essi
ng e
ffici
enci
es. H
owev
er, w
here
au
tom
ated
pro
cess
ing
does
exi
st to
incr
ease
effi
cien
cy ra
tes,
it
carr
ies
a hi
gher
pow
er c
ost
due
to h
igh
elec
tric
ity ra
tes
com
pare
d to
shi
ppin
g off
sho
re.
• In
vest
men
t in
dow
nstr
eam
pro
cess
ing
of c
ompo
nent
s co
ntai
ning
hig
h va
lue
met
als
is v
ery
low
. Tr
ansp
ort /
eco
nom
ies
of s
cale
• H
igh
tran
spor
t co
sts
impa
ct c
ost
effici
enci
es.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er
• E-
was
te c
an c
onta
in h
azar
dous
com
pone
nts,
su
ch a
s le
ad, m
ercu
ry a
nd a
rsen
ic, w
hich
, as
who
le it
ems
or a
s re
sidu
al w
aste
from
e-w
aste
pr
oces
sing
can
cre
ate
long
-ter
m s
oil a
nd
grou
ndw
ater
con
tam
inat
ion
issu
es, a
nd h
uman
he
alth
issu
es.
• Th
ese
haza
rdou
s co
mpo
nent
s ca
n al
so p
ose
a he
alth
and
saf
ety
risk
to w
orke
rs in
the
land
fill
and
recy
clin
g in
dust
ry.
Sust
aina
bilit
y an
d ot
her b
enefi
ts o
f rec
yclin
g /
reco
very
• A
rang
e of
val
uabl
e no
n-re
new
able
mat
eria
ls,
such
as
copp
er, s
ilver
and
gol
d, m
ay b
e re
cove
red
and
mad
e m
ore
avai
labl
e fo
r fu
rthe
r pr
oces
sing
and
reus
e.•
Less
gre
enho
use
gase
s ar
e em
itted
thr
ough
re
cove
ry o
f e-w
aste
tha
n th
at re
quire
d to
min
e,
proc
ess
and
tran
spor
t ra
w m
ater
ials
to c
reat
e ne
w e
lect
roni
c pr
oduc
ts.
• O
ppor
tuni
ties
may
exi
st in
in
vest
men
t in
tech
nolo
gy
that
incr
ease
s th
e pr
oces
sing
effi
cien
cy ra
tes
per
kg /
hr.
Usi
ng m
ore
effici
ent
tech
nolo
gy
can
incr
ease
pro
cess
ing
rate
s,
low
er c
onta
min
atio
n, im
prov
e m
ater
ial s
epar
atio
n an
d yi
eld
a hi
gher
retu
rn o
n co
mm
odity
m
arke
ts.
• C
omm
unity
inte
rest
in re
cycl
ing
tele
visi
ons
and
com
pute
rs is
hi
gh. T
arge
ted
awar
enes
s-ra
isin
g an
d ed
ucat
ion
coup
led
with
suffi
cien
t in
fras
truc
ture
to
mee
t de
man
d w
ill h
elp
incr
ease
the
am
ount
of m
ater
ial
avai
labl
e fo
r pr
oces
sing
.
• In
crea
sing
com
mun
ity a
cces
s to
dis
posa
l poi
nts
for
e-w
aste
co
uld
be a
chie
ved
thro
ugh
colla
bora
tive
proc
urem
ents
.
• A
sta
ble
and
larg
er s
uppl
y of
fe
edst
ock
for
proc
esso
rs m
ay
lead
to in
vest
men
t in
impr
oved
pr
oces
sing
tech
nolo
gy.
• G
reat
er v
olum
es o
f mat
eria
l w
ill fl
ow t
hrou
gh t
he s
yste
m a
s a
resu
lt of
:
>Th
e V
icto
rian
Gov
ernm
ent’s
im
plem
enta
tion
of a
n e-
was
te la
ndfil
l ban
and
ap
prop
riate
sup
port
ing
mea
sure
s. >
The
incr
ease
in t
he
annu
al N
TCR
S re
cycl
ing
targ
et fo
r th
e re
cove
ry o
f te
levi
sion
s an
d co
mpu
ters
to
ove
r 65
%.
• V
icto
rians
will
be
bett
er
info
rmed
and
hav
e gr
eate
r ac
cess
to e
-was
te c
olle
ctio
n po
ints
.
• Pr
oces
sors
tha
t re
cove
r m
ater
ial a
s pa
rt o
f the
NTC
RS
will
hav
e ad
opte
d A
S537
7 st
anda
rd fo
r co
llect
ion,
sto
rage
an
d pr
oces
sing
of e
-was
te
impr
ovin
g th
e st
anda
rd
and
safe
ty w
ithin
whi
ch t
he
proc
esso
rs o
pera
te.
118
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Alte
rnat
ive
was
te
tech
nolo
gies
(A
WTs
) suc
h as
mec
hani
cal
biol
ogic
al
trea
tmen
t)
Ther
e ar
e no
ope
ratio
nal f
acili
ties
in V
icto
ria, h
owev
er a
num
ber h
ave
been
rece
ntly
con
side
red
and
it is
like
ly th
at p
roce
ssin
g of
resi
dual
w
aste
usi
ng th
is te
chno
logy
will
occ
ur in
the
futu
re. K
ey e
cono
mic
fa
ctor
s lik
ely
to im
pact
this
tech
nolo
gy in
clud
es:
Land
fill l
evy
• In
vest
men
t in
AWT
infr
astr
uctu
re w
ill b
e dr
iven
alm
ost e
ntire
ly b
y th
e co
st o
f dis
posa
l. W
here
the
disp
osal
cos
t exc
eeds
gat
e fe
es fo
r AW
T s
then
inve
stm
ent m
ay b
e en
cour
aged
. Cur
rent
ly, t
he le
vy h
as
been
sta
bilis
ed a
t a ra
te th
at is
pot
entia
lly to
o lo
w fo
r sig
nific
ant
size
d in
vest
men
ts to
com
pete
. (N
B A
n in
adeq
uate
sup
ply
of
land
fill a
irspa
ce m
ay a
lso
be fa
ctor
that
wou
ld li
kely
incr
ease
the
com
petit
iven
ess
of A
WT)
.Te
nder
ing
of M
SW c
ontr
acts
• La
rge
scal
e in
fras
truc
ture
requ
ires
sign
ifica
nt v
olum
es o
f mat
eria
l th
at c
an u
sual
ly o
nly
be a
chie
ved
thro
ugh
Coun
cil c
ontr
acts
. Whi
lst
mos
t fac
ilitie
s w
ill a
ugm
ent M
SW v
olum
es w
ith C
&I w
aste
, sec
urin
g a
base
-load
via
Cou
ncil
cont
ract
s is
the
basi
s fo
r inv
estm
ent.
Colle
ctiv
e te
nder
ing
of c
ontr
acts
to g
ive
the
mar
ket a
cces
s to
la
rge
volu
mes
of m
ater
ial h
as s
uppo
rted
inve
stm
ent i
n AW
T in
fras
truc
ture
in o
ther
par
ts o
f the
wor
ld.
Cond
ition
of e
nd m
arke
ts•
The
busi
ness
cas
e fo
r la
rge
scal
e in
fras
truc
ture
is d
epen
dent
on
bot
h an
att
ract
ive
gate
fee
and
end
mar
kets
for
sepa
rate
d m
ater
ials
. Whi
lst
the
Vic
toria
n co
nditi
ons
for
typi
cal
com
mod
ities
are
like
ly to
be
suita
ble
for
this
bus
ines
s ca
se,
mos
t A
WT
faci
litie
s ha
ve s
ome
sort
of l
ower
val
ue o
ffta
ke t
hat
requ
ires
end
mar
kets
(fo
r ex
ampl
e a
refu
se d
eriv
ed fu
el fo
r th
e re
sidu
al d
ry fr
actio
n an
d a
com
post
-lik
e ou
tput
from
ana
erob
ic
dige
stio
n). M
arke
ts fo
r th
ese
prod
ucts
are
unk
now
n an
d un
test
ed, a
nd e
xpor
t m
arke
ts m
ay b
e di
fficu
lt to
acc
ess
cost
eff
ectiv
ely.
Soci
al li
cenc
e to
ope
rate
• A
ppro
pria
te a
nd e
arly
eng
agem
ent
with
the
co
mm
unity
is n
eces
sary
to e
nsur
e th
at fa
cilit
ies
have
sup
port
. Thi
s w
ill b
e es
sent
ial a
s th
ese
faci
litie
s w
ill b
e la
rgel
y un
know
n to
the
pub
lic.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er•
It is
like
ly t
hat
sim
ilar
issu
es a
s th
ose
asso
ciat
ed
with
in-v
esse
l com
post
ing
will
be
expe
rienc
ed
for
faci
litie
s su
ch a
s M
BTs
how
ever
thi
s is
de
pend
ent
on t
he v
olum
e an
d m
ater
ial.
For
exam
ple,
odo
ur is
like
ly to
be
a ke
y co
nsid
erat
ion
for
an M
BT
proc
essi
ng re
sidu
al w
aste
whi
lst
dust
an
d no
ise
man
agem
ent
is m
ore
likel
y a
conc
ern
for
a C
&I d
irty
MR
F.
• Th
ere
are
cons
ider
able
op
port
uniti
es fo
r pr
oces
sing
of
C&
I was
te in
a d
irty
MR
F fa
cilit
y.
Ther
e ha
ve b
een
som
e pr
ojec
ts
cons
ider
ed b
y in
dust
ry t
hat
have
not
pro
gres
sed
due
to
cape
x is
sues
and
con
cern
s w
ith
abili
ty to
sel
l RD
F off
take
s.•
Clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd re
new
able
en
ergy
pro
gram
s m
ay s
ee
cred
its b
ecom
e av
aila
ble
for
cert
ain
faci
litie
s.•
Smal
ler
scal
e, o
nsite
faci
litie
s m
ay b
e vi
able
in re
gion
al/r
ural
se
ttin
gs.
• Th
e A
WT
cate
gory
tak
es in
a
broa
d ar
ray
of fa
cilit
ies
and
if la
ndfil
l cos
t in
crea
ses
and
airs
pace
ava
ilabi
lity
decr
ease
s th
en t
he b
usin
ess
case
for
faci
litie
s m
ay b
ecom
e m
ore
viab
le.
• In
the
org
anic
s sp
ace,
Vic
toria
ha
s se
en A
WT
faci
litie
s (i
n-ve
ssel
com
post
ing
faci
litie
s)
to p
roce
ss o
rgan
ic w
aste
su
cces
sful
ly im
plem
ente
d.
Col
lect
ive
tend
erin
g of
resi
dual
w
aste
may
enc
oura
ge t
he
mar
ket
to t
ake
sim
ilar
step
s.•
The
outlo
ok re
mai
ns p
ositi
ve,
how
ever
, giv
en t
he p
lann
ing
time
need
ed to
eng
age
with
th
e co
mm
unity
and
the
re
quire
d ap
prov
als,
larg
e sc
ale
faci
litie
s ar
e un
likel
y to
be
oper
atio
nal i
n th
e ne
xt 5
yea
rs.
119
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Ener
gy fr
om
was
te (E
fW)
(inc
ludi
ng
pyro
lysi
s,
gasi
ficat
ion
and
anae
robi
c di
gest
ion)
Land
fill l
evy
– as
abo
ve
Tend
erin
g of
MSW
con
trac
ts –
as
abov
e
Regu
lato
ry /
app
rova
ls fr
amew
ork
• A
s ye
t, th
e Ef
W G
uide
lines
hav
e no
t be
en fu
lly te
sted
by
the
mar
ket.
It is
like
ly t
hat
the
appr
oval
s fr
amew
ork
both
with
in
EPA
Vic
toria
and
the
con
curr
ent
plan
ning
app
rova
l will
requ
ire
cons
ider
able
tho
ught
whe
n su
ch a
pro
posa
l em
erge
s.
Cape
x co
sts
• Th
e hi
gh in
vest
men
t re
quire
d (e
ven
smal
l sca
le)
is a
sig
nific
ant
fact
or im
pact
ing
pote
ntia
l pro
ject
s.En
d m
arke
ts
• Th
e ou
tput
s of
EfW
infr
astr
uctu
re d
iffer
dep
endi
ng o
n th
e te
chno
logy
and
feed
stoc
k. E
nd m
arke
ts a
cros
s al
l typ
es a
re a
ke
y fa
ctor
in s
ucce
ss. F
or e
xam
ple,
the
off
take
of p
yrol
ysis
of
tyre
s is
like
ly to
incl
ude
a lo
w g
rade
die
sel a
nd t
he s
ale-
abili
ty
of s
uch
a fu
el is
unc
lear
par
ticul
arly
in t
he li
ght
of lo
wer
oil
pric
es.
• D
irect
ene
rgy
is a
lso
a ke
y m
arke
t an
d th
e st
ruct
ure
of t
he
ener
gy m
arke
t in
Vic
toria
mea
ns t
hat
who
lesa
le e
nerg
y pr
ices
re
mai
n re
lativ
ely
low
yet
dis
trib
utio
n co
sts
are
high
. The
at
trac
tiven
ess
of e
nerg
y off
take
s fr
om E
fW in
fras
truc
ture
is
mar
gina
l unl
ess
ener
gy, p
artic
ular
ly h
eat,
can
be u
tilis
ed o
nsite
or
at
near
by in
stal
latio
ns.
Soci
al li
cenc
e to
ope
rate
• A
s ab
ove.
Inte
rnat
iona
l exp
erie
nce
show
s th
at
even
in p
lace
s w
here
inci
nera
tion
is c
omm
on,
poor
com
mun
ity e
ngag
emen
t ha
s le
d to
pro
ject
s be
ing
reje
cted
.Em
issi
ons
to a
ir, la
nd a
nd w
ater
•
The
degr
ee to
whi
ch t
his
is a
fact
or d
epen
ds
on t
he p
ropo
sed
tech
nolo
gy a
nd s
cale
. Air
scru
bbin
g te
chno
logy
is a
dvan
ced
and
the
EfW
Gui
delin
es u
se t
he s
tric
t EU
Sta
ndar
ds
as a
bas
elin
e fo
r ai
r em
issi
ons.
How
ever
, the
m
anag
emen
t, tr
eatm
ent
and
disp
osal
of fi
lter
cake
and
ass
ocia
ted
haza
rdou
s m
ater
ial m
ay
be a
n is
sue
and
requ
ire fu
rthe
r tr
eatm
ent
at a
n ap
prov
ed fa
cilit
y pr
ior
to d
ispo
sal.
• Th
e m
anag
emen
t of
bot
tom
ash
(fo
r co
mbu
stio
n pl
ants
) al
so n
eed
to b
e co
nsid
ered
car
eful
ly.
• Po
tent
ial f
or re
new
able
ene
rgy
cert
ifica
tes
and
emis
sion
s re
duct
ion
fund
cre
dits
.Th
ere
are
sign
ifica
nt o
ppor
tuni
ties
in
two
key
area
s:
>Pr
oces
sing
resi
dual
was
te
to re
clai
m e
nerg
y fr
om
mat
eria
l des
tined
to la
ndfil
l (i
.e. w
aste
str
eam
s th
at
have
bee
n pr
oces
sed
to
rem
ove
as m
uch
recy
clat
e as
is fe
asib
le).
>Pr
oces
sing
diffi
cult
mat
eria
l str
eam
s w
here
ex
istin
g pr
oces
sing
opt
ions
m
ay b
e lim
ited
(suc
h as
ty
res
and
trea
ted
timbe
r).
The
form
er is
like
ly to
be
year
s aw
ay.
The
latt
er c
an b
e de
velo
ped
on a
m
uch
smal
ler
scal
e an
d de
ploy
ed
for
onsi
te u
tilis
atio
n of
ene
rgy
whi
ch
mak
es t
hem
sig
nific
antly
mor
e vi
able
th
an la
rge
scal
e fa
cilit
ies
that
requ
ire
conn
ectio
n to
the
grid
.
• Ef
W fa
cilit
ies
can
also
be
desi
gned
to p
rom
ote
an
inte
grat
ed s
yste
m, u
sing
MSW
ba
se lo
ad to
driv
e th
e bu
sine
ss
case
the
n br
ingi
ng in
a ra
nge
of c
omm
erci
al w
aste
ste
ams
to im
prov
e th
e re
turn
on
inve
stm
ent.
• D
emon
stra
tion
plan
ts
that
util
ise
pyro
lysi
s an
d ga
sific
atio
n te
chno
logy
to
proc
ess
end
of li
fe t
yres
are
cu
rren
tly in
ope
ratio
n in
NSW
an
d ar
e sh
owin
g po
tent
ial t
o be
dra
mat
ical
ly s
cale
d up
or
even
dep
loye
d at
sm
all s
cale
to
pro
cess
mat
eria
l in
regi
onal
ar
eas.
• C
olla
bora
tive
proc
urem
ent
for
MSW
con
trac
ts m
ay d
rive
the
mar
ket
to e
xam
ine
the
feas
ibili
ty o
f lar
ger
scal
e fa
cilit
ies,
how
ever
it is
unl
ikel
y th
at t
he b
usin
ess
case
is t
here
to
com
pete
with
land
fill g
ate
fees
at
the
mom
ent.
120
D
raft
Gou
lbur
n Va
lley
Was
te a
nd R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
May
20
16
Infr
astr
uctu
re
cate
gory
Key
econ
omic
fact
ors
impa
ctin
g pe
rfor
man
ceKe
y en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs im
pact
ing
perf
orm
ance
Opp
ortu
nitie
sFu
ture
out
look
– 5
yea
rs
Land
fills
Cape
x /
opex
cos
ts
• A
sig
nific
ant
fact
or (
part
icul
arly
in re
gion
al a
reas
) is
the
in
crea
se in
ope
ratio
nal c
osts
att
ache
d to
com
plia
nce
and
mon
itorin
g re
quire
men
ts, a
nd in
crea
sed
cape
x co
sts
asso
ciat
ed w
ith c
ell c
onst
ruct
ion
and
audi
ting.
W
hils
t th
is is
a fa
ctor
for
larg
er fa
cilit
ies
also
, the
y ha
ve
a gr
eate
r ab
ility
to a
bsor
b th
ese
cost
s in
the
ir ‘p
er
tonn
e’ p
ricin
g du
e to
the
sig
nific
ant
volu
me
of m
ater
ial
mov
ing
thro
ugh
them
.•
Reg
iona
l lan
dfills
hav
e ex
pres
sed
conc
erns
abo
ut
ongo
ing
finan
cial
via
bilit
y, h
owev
er t
here
is a
relu
ctan
ce
to c
lose
and
con
solid
ate
faci
litie
s as
som
e C
ounc
ils fe
el
oblig
ed to
pro
vide
a lo
cal l
andfi
ll fo
r th
e co
mm
unity
.G
over
nmen
t lev
ies
• Th
e im
pact
of t
he la
ndfil
l lev
y th
roug
h its
abi
lity
to
driv
e di
vers
ion
has
had
an im
pact
on
the
perf
orm
ance
of
land
fill i
nfra
stru
ctur
e ov
er t
he p
ast
deca
de.
Cons
umer
tren
ds
• V
icto
ria h
as a
n es
tabl
ishe
d sy
stem
for
kerb
side
re
cycl
ing.
Att
itude
s in
the
com
mun
ity to
war
d th
e la
ndfil
ling
of v
alua
ble
mat
eria
ls c
ontin
ue to
shi
ft a
nd
send
ing
mat
eria
l to
‘the
tip’ i
s no
long
er a
ppro
pria
te in
m
any
com
mun
ities
.Co
nditi
ons
of e
nd m
arke
ts /
exp
ort m
arke
ts
• Th
e in
abili
ty o
f som
e m
arke
ts to
dev
elop
feas
ible
bu
sine
ss c
ases
for
reso
urce
reco
very
con
tinue
s to
driv
e m
ater
ial b
eing
sen
t to
land
fill (
e.g.
tim
ber,
poly
styr
ene
and
plas
tics)
.La
nd u
se p
lann
ing
cont
rols
• En
croa
chm
ent
of s
ensi
tive
uses
on
faci
litie
s is
a
sign
ifica
nt is
sue.
Res
iden
tial d
evel
opm
ent
has
been
ap
prov
ed c
lose
to o
r in
to b
uffer
s fo
r la
ndfil
l fac
ilitie
s im
pact
ing
the
long
term
via
bilit
y of
a n
umbe
r of
site
s.
Emis
sion
s to
air,
land
and
wat
er•
Am
enity
issu
es re
latin
g to
odo
ur a
nd w
indb
orne
litt
er a
s w
ell a
s th
e m
anag
emen
t of
leac
hate
. Odo
ur c
ompl
aint
s ca
n pe
ak fr
om t
ime
to t
ime,
gen
eral
ly re
sulti
ng fr
om
incr
ease
d ra
infa
ll an
d po
or m
anag
emen
t pr
actic
es.
Com
plia
nce
and
mon
itorin
g re
gim
e•
This
fact
or a
dds
com
plex
ity a
nd c
ost
to la
ndfil
l m
anag
emen
t bu
t is
gen
eral
ly im
prov
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l ou
tcom
es.
• Th
e ne
ed fo
r su
itabl
e fin
anci
al a
ssur
ance
to c
over
the
cos
t of
reha
bilit
atio
n. S
uita
ble
prov
isio
ns (
such
as
finan
cial
as
sura
nce)
are
not
bei
ng m
ade
by s
ome
land
fill o
pera
tors
.Po
st c
losu
re re
habi
litat
ion
/ le
gacy
issu
es
• W
hils
t th
e La
ndfil
l BPE
M is
impr
ovin
g th
e m
anag
emen
t of
new
land
fill c
ells
, the
re a
re o
ngoi
ng is
sues
with
som
e le
gacy
site
s w
hich
pre
date
the
cur
rent
sta
ndar
ds.
• Pr
ogre
ssiv
e re
habi
litat
ion
of c
lose
d ce
lls re
mai
ns a
de
ficie
ncy
in t
he m
arke
t, ag
ain
with
a p
artic
ular
focu
s on
re
gion
al a
nd r
ural
land
fills
.
The
prim
ary
oppo
rtun
ities
rela
ting
to t
he p
erfo
rman
ce o
f lan
dfill
infr
astr
uctu
re a
re:
• Im
prov
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t (p
artic
ular
ly
odou
r an
d lit
ter)
and
co
mm
unity
eng
agem
ent.
• Im
prov
ing
leac
hate
m
anag
emen
t.O
ppor
tuni
ties
to im
prov
e ec
onom
ic p
erfo
rman
ce o
f lan
dfill
infr
astr
uctu
re m
ay in
clud
e:
• Pr
ovis
ioni
ng fo
r af
terc
are
and
reha
bilit
atio
n co
sts.
• C
onso
lidat
ion
of s
mal
ler
regi
onal
and
rur
al la
ndfil
ls.
• Im
prov
ed lo
ng te
rm p
lann
ing
for
cell
deve
lopm
ent
to re
duce
co
nstr
uctio
n an
d de
sign
cos
ts.
• N
ew p
rovi
sion
s to
tra
nsfe
r la
ndfil
l gas
pro
ject
s fr
om t
he
form
er C
FI p
rogr
am in
to t
he
ERF.
• Th
e in
stal
latio
n of
‘pre
-so
rt’ i
nfra
stru
ctur
e th
at c
an
extr
act
recy
clab
les
from
th
e fr
ont
end
of a
land
fill
can
impr
ove
mar
gins
and
pr
eser
ve a
irspa
ce, h
owev
er
issu
es re
late
d to
mar
kets
for
RD
F off
take
s w
ill n
eed
to b
e ov
erco
me.
• C
o-lo
catio
n of
reso
urce
re
cove
ry fa
cilit
ies
in g
ener
al
at la
ndfil
ls s
houl
d al
so b
e co
nsid
ered
.
• Th
e pe
rfor
man
ce o
utlo
ok
is v
arie
d. A
t le
ast
in t
he
shor
t te
rm t
here
are
a
num
ber
of re
gion
al a
nd
rura
l lan
dfills
faci
ng
sign
ifica
nt c
osts
to
man
age
com
plia
nce
and
reha
bilit
atio
n of
exi
stin
g an
d pa
st c
ells
. The
se
cost
s m
ay d
rive
coun
cils
to
con
side
r cl
osur
e an
d co
nsol
idat
ion
of s
ome
faci
litie
s.
• Th
e on
goin
g fo
cus
on c
ompl
ianc
e an
d en
forc
emen
t by
EP
A w
ill c
ontin
ue to
dr
ive
impr
ovem
ents
in
env
ironm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t an
d po
ssib
ly
cont
ribut
e to
incr
ease
d op
erat
iona
l cos
ts.
• Ec
onom
ic p
erfo
rman
ce
at la
rger
land
fills
sho
uld
rem
ain
stro
ng a
s hi
gh
barr
iers
to e
ntry
and
lim
ited
optio
ns fo
r pr
oces
sing
resi
dual
was
te
cont
inue
s to
pre
serv
e m
argi
ns.
(Foo
tnot
es)
Goulburn Valley Waste and Resource Recovery Group (GVWRRG)30 Benalla Road Shepparton VIC 3630
PO Box 6919 Shepparton VIC 3630
Phone (03) 5822 1300
To find out more about engagement and submissionopportunities go to www.gvwrrg.vic.gov.au.