north carolina state building code - ncdoi...north carolina state building code volume i general...

North Carolina

State Building Code

Volume I General Construction

1996 Edition 1996/1997 REVISIONS

(North Carolina Revisions To the 1994 Standard Building Code

Revisions Adopted through June 11, 1996

Effective January 1, 1997)

North Carolina Building Code Council

And

North Carolina Department of Insurance

Post Office Box 26387

Raleigh, North Carolina 27611

ii 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

NOTE: The SBCCI Standard Codes are designed for adoption by state or local governments by

reference only. Jurisdictions adopting them may make necessary additions, deletions and

amendments in their adopting document. Incorporation of any part of the SBCCI Standard

Codes in codes published by states, local governments, regulatory agencies, individuals or

organizations is expressly prohibited.

COPYRIGHT© 1994

BY SOUTHERN BUILDING CODE CONGRESS INTERNATIONAL,

INC. 900 MONTCLAIR ROAD

BIRMINGHAM, ALABAME 35213-1206 205-591-1853

PRINTED IN U.S.A.

(Reprinted by permission of the International Code Council)

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or by an information storage

and retrieval system, without advance permission in writing from the publisher. For information

contact: Chief Executive Officer, Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc., 900

Montclair Road, Birmingham, Alabama 35213-1206.

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions iii

PREFACE

The purpose of the Standard Building Code is to serve as a comprehensive regulatory document to guide decisions aimed at protecting the public's life, health and welfare in the built environment. This protection is provided through the adoption and enforcement, by state and local governments, of the performance-based provisions contained herein.

The use of performance-based requirements encourages the use of innovative building designs, materials and construction systems while at the same time recognizing the merits of the more traditional materials and systems. This concept promotes maximum flexibility in building design and construction as well as assuring a high degree of life safety.

The Standard Building Code incorporates, by reference, nationally recognized consensus standards for use in judging the performance of materials and systems. This provides for the equal treatment of both innovative and traditional materials and systems, provides for the efficient introduction of new materials into the construction process and assures a high level of consumer protection.

The Standard Building Code is intended to be adopted by reference through statute or ordinance and enforced by state and local governments, governmental agencies or other authorities having jurisdiction. Sample adopting legislation is printed in this document for that purpose. In preparation for adopting this code, the authority having jurisdiction should specifically consider including such items as inspection fees, permit fees and penalties or fines for noncompliance in the adopting legislation since these items vary considerably from one jurisdiction to another and cannot be effectively included in a model code.

The Standard Building Code was first adopted by the Southern Building Code Congress International in November of 1945 at the Annual Research Conference. Revised editions have been published since that time at approximate three-year intervals.

This Standard Building Code is dedicated to the organizations and individuals, including code officials, architects, engineers and industry representatives, who have volunteered their time and knowledge to make this the most comprehensive and up-to-date code available.

Solid vertical bars in the margin indicate North Carolina 1996 Revisions to the 1994 edition of the Standard Building Code.

Solid vertical bars in the margin indicate North Carolina 1997 Revisions to the 1994 edition of the Standard Building Code.

iv 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUILDING

CODE COUNCIL

June 11, 1996

Chairman: Vice Chairman:

JOHN R. ANDREW, P.E. – 97 SAM T. SNOWDON, JR., AIA – 99 (Structural Engineer) (Architect) Andrew & Kuske Consulting Engineers P.O. Box 1764 202 North Fifth Avenue Laurinburg, NC 28353 Wilmington, NC 28401 (910) 276-3038 (910) 343-9653

Members: MARK B. TROLLINGER – 99 BRIAN RUNNELLS – 01 (Home Builder) (Plumbing & Heating Contractors) 200 Worth Street P.O. Box 1628 Asheboro, NC 27203 Nags Head, NC 27959 (910) 625-6033 (919) 441-4056

RONALD DECKER – 01 J. HARMON BYRD, P.E. – 99 (Electrical Contractor) (State Agency) Edman Electrical Company Division of State Construction 130 Backforty Drive NC Dept. of Administration Winston-Salem, NC 27127 300 N. Salisbury St. (910) 788-8388 Raleigh, NC 27611 (919) 733-7962

STEPHEN B. PEAY – 99 EDWARD WOODS, P.E. – 97 (Public Representative) (Building Inspector) P.O. Box 25511 107 Chadmore Drive Raleigh, NC 27611-5511 Charlotte, NC 28270 (919) 233-0711 (704) 364-3208

BARRY GARDNER – 97 ROBERT C. PIERCE – 01 (General Contractor) (Gas Industry) Shelco, Inc. Piedmont Natural Gas Company P.O. Box 25747 P.O. Box 33068 Winston-Salem, NC 27114-5747 Charlotte, NC 28233 (910) 760-5005 (704) 364-3126

CLIFTON N. BISHOP, P.E. – 97 JIM SMITH, II – 97 (Mechanical Engineer) (Fire Services) Craftmen Fabrics Indust., Inc. Fire Chief P.O. Box 1329 P.O. Box 2509 Concord, NC 28026 Asheboro, NC 27204 (704) 786-1157 (910) 629-1236

LARRY C. HAYES – 98 ARVIND SHAH – 01 (County Representative) (Electrical Engineer) Route 4, Box 165 1010 Oxen Place Mocksville, NC 27028 Cary, NC 27127 (704) 284-4471 (919) 467-8237

JACK F. NEEL, P.E. – 99 (Municipal Representative) 1007 Colonial Drive Albemarle, NC 28001 (704) 983-2974

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions v

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT

OF INSURANCE

By Statute the Commissioner of Insurance has general supervision of the administration and

enforcement of the North Carolina State Building Code and the Engineering Division serves as

the staff for the Building Code Council. Officials of the Insurance Department are:

JIM LONG

Commissioner

LEE HAUSER, P.E. ELAINE R. BROWN, P.E.

Senior Deputy Commissioner Chief Code Council Engineer

Secretary to Council Code Council Section

GROVER L. SAWYER BARRY GUPTON

Deputy Commissioner Chief Code Consultant

And Chief Engineer Plan Review Section

COMMITTEES OF THE COUNCIL

June 11, 1996

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURAL

Ed Woods, P.E. – Chairman Harmon Byrd, P.E. – Chairman

Mark Trollinger Sam Snowdon, AIA

Barry Gardner Ed Woods, P.E.

Larry Hayes

Stephen Peay ELECTRICAL

Sam Snowdon, AIA Arvind Shah – Chairman

Cliff Bishop, P.E.

RESIDENTIAL Ronald Decker

Mark Trollinger – Chairman

Jack Neel, P.E. MECHANICAL

Harmon Byrd, P.E. Cliff Bishop, P.E. – Chairman

Barry Gardner, P.E. Bob Pierce

Jim Smith

Brian Runnells

FIRE PREVENTION

Jim Smith – Chairman ADMINISTRATION

Stephen Peay John Andrew, P.E. – Chairman

Bob Pierce Arvind Shah

Larry Hayes Cliff Bishop, P.E.

Jack Neel Mark Trollinger

Harmon Byrd, P.E.

Jim Smith

Ed Woods, P.E.

vi 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

NORTH CAROLINA STATE THE STANDARD CODES BUILDING CODE PUBLICATIONS Standard Amusement Device Code Standard Building Code Volume I – GENERAL CONSTRUCTION Standard Existing Buildings Code

Standard Fire Prevention Code

Volume IA – ADMINISTRATION & Standard Gas Code

ENFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS Standard Housing Code

Standard Mechanical Code

Volume IC – ACCESSIBILITY Standard Plumbing Code

Standard Swimming Pool Code

Volume II – PLUMBING Standard Unsafe Building Abatement Code

Volume III – MECHANICAL

CODE-RELATED PUBLICATIONS Volume IV – ELECTRICAL

Standard for Proscenium Curtains

Volume V – FIRE PREVENTION Standard for Existing High Rise Buildings

Standard for Flood Plain Management

Volume VI – GAS Standard for Soil Expansion

Standard for Sound Control

Volume VII – RESIDENTIAL Standard for Textile Wall Covering Test

Standard for Roof Tile Test

Volume VIII – MODULAR Standard for Hurricane Resistant Residential

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS Construction

Standard Building Code Commentary

Volume IX – EXISTING BUILDINGS Standard Gas Code Commentary

Standard Mechanical Code Commentary

Volume X – ENERGY Standard Plumbing Code Handbook

One and Two Family Dwelling Code

Commentary

Available from:

North Carolina EDUCATION PUBLICATIONS Department of Insurance

Code Council Section Building Official Management

P.O. Box 26387 Building Principles and Code Application

Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 Electrical Inspections and Plans Examination

(919) 733-3901 Electrical Principles and Code Applications (Residential)

Fire Prevention Principles and Code Applications

Hurricane Resistant Construction

Legal Aspects of Code Administration

Mechanical Principles and Code Applications

One and Two Family Dwelling Inspection

Plumbing Principles and Code Applications

Rehabilitation and Housing Principles and

Code Applications

Structural Principles and Code Applications

Available from:

SBCCI

900 Montclair Road

Birmingham, Alabama 35213

(205) 591-1853

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions vii

RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW

TO USE THE STANDARD BUILDING CODE

1. Determine Occupancy Classification of the structure. Select occupancy classification which most accurately fits the use of the building. (Chapter 3)

2. Determine actual physical properties of building.

(a) Determine building area each floor. (Area definition Chapter 2)

(b) Determine grade elevation for building. (Grade definition Chapter 2)

(c) Determine building height in feet above grade. (Height definition Chapter 2)

(d) Determine building height in stories. (Story definition Chapter 2)

(e) Determine separation distance from exterior walls to assumed and common property lines. (Property line definition Chapter 2)

(f) Determine percent of exterior openings per floor.

3. Determine minimum Type of Construction necessary to accommodate proposed structure. (Chapter 6)

(a) Determine maximum allowable heights and floor areas for Types of Construction and Occupancy classification. (Table 500)

(b) Check allowable height and area increases permitted. (Chapter 5)

4. Check detailed Occupancy requirements. (Chapter 4)

5. Check detailed Construction requirements.

(a) Fire Protection of Structural Members (Chapter 6 and Table 600)

(b) Fire Protection Requirements (Chapter 7 and Table 700)

(c) Means of Egress Requirements (Chapter 10)

(d) Special restrictions if in Fire District. (Appendix F. The provisions of Appendix F are applicable only where specifically adopted by ordinance.)

6. Review design as related to standards. (Chapters 16-26)

7. Check other requirements as necessary.

(a) Construction projecting into public property (Chapter 32)

(b) Elevators and conveying systems (Chapter 30)

(c) Sprinklers, standpipes and alarm systems (Chapter 9)

(d) Use of combustible materials on the interior (Chapter 8)

(e) Roofs and roof structures (Chapter 15)

(f) Light, ventilation and sanitation (Chapter 12)

(g) Other

These steps are naturally varied in sequence by individual preferences; however, the first three are standard steps which should be followed in proper order to assist in design or review of buildings.

viii 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

1994 STANDARD BUILDING CODE REORGANIZATION SUMMARY

The 1994 Standard Building Code has been reformatted into the common code format that was developed cooperatively by SBCCI, BOCA, ICBO, AIA and SFPE under the auspices of the Council of American Building Officials.

To aid previous users of the Standard Building Code, the following list shows the reorganization by listing the chapter/section of the 1991 edition and the corresponding chapter/section of the reformatted 1994 edition.

1991 1994

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION 101 Title and Scope …………………………………………………………………………….... 101

101.3.5 Maintenance …………………………………………………………………. 3401.6 (deleted)

101.4 Building Department …………………………………………………………………..……. 102

101.5 Existing Buildings …………………………………………………………..…..…. Chapter 34

101.6 Special Historic Buildings ………………………………………………….… 3401.5 (deleted)

102 Powers and Duties of the Building Official ………………………………..…… 103 (deleted)

103 Permits …………………………………………………………………………….. 104 (deleted)

103.9 Certificates ……………………………………………………………...…………. 106 (deleted)

103.10 Posting Floor Loads ……………………………………………….…………… 106.4 (deleted)

104 Tests …………………………………………………….……….………………… 107 (deleted)

105 Construction Board of Adjustment and Appeals .……………………………… 108 (deleted)

106 Severability …………………………………………………………….………….. 109 (deleted)

107 Violations and Penalties …………………………………………………………. 110 (deleted)

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS ………………………….……………………………………...….. Chapter 2

CHAPTER 3 REFERENCE STANDARDS ………………………….………………..….. Chapter 35

CHAPTER 4 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING BY OCCUPANCY 401 General ………………………………………………………………………………………. 301

402 Height and Area …………………………………………………………………….………. 503

402.1.4 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3401.4 (deleted)

403 Separation Requirements

403.1.1 ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………. 303.1

403.1.2 ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………. 303.2

403.1.3 ……………………………………………………………………………………..………. 704.1.1

403.2 Accessory Occupancies ……………………………………………………….………. 704.1.2

403.3 Special Occupancy Separation ………………………………….…………………….. 704.1.3

403.4 Tenant Separation ………………………………………………..………………………. 704.3

403.5 Separation Between Townhouses ………………………………………………………. 704.4

404 Assembly Occupancy – Group A

404.1 Scope ……………………………………………………….……………………………… 304.1

404.1.3 ………………………………………………………………..……………………………. 403.1.1

404.2 Subclassifications ………………………………………….…………………………… 403.1.2

404.3 Occupant Capacity ……………………………………………………………………….. 304.2

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions ix


1991 1994 404.4 Special Construction Requirements …………………………………………………. 403.1.3

404.4.5 ………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 704.1.2.2(1)

404.5 Interior Finish ……………………………………………………...………… 803.3.2 & 803.3.3

404.6 Supplementary Lighting System …………………………………………………………………

404.7 Stages and Platforms …………………………………………………………….………. 403.2

404.8 Stages ……………………………………………………………………………………. 403.2.5

404.9 Flame Retardant Requirements ………………………………………………..…… 403.2.10

404.10 Motion Picture Projection Rooms ……………………………………………………….. 403.3

404.11 Tents for Public Assembly ……………………………………………………….……….. 3103

404.12 Amusement Park Buildings ……………………………………………………………… 403.4

405 Business Occupancy – Group B

405.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………………………………. 305.1

405.1.4 ………………………………………………………………………………..………………. 404.1

405.2 Automotive Service Station ………………………………………………………………. 404.2

405.3 Bowling Alleys …………………………………………………………………………….. 404.3

405.4 Automotive Lubrication Service Facility ………………………………………………… 404.4

406 Education Occupancy – Group E

406.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………………. 306

406.2 Special Protective Requirements ……………………………………………………….. 405.1

407 Factory-Industrial Occupancy – Group F …………………………………………………. 307

408 Hazardous Occupancy – Group H

408.1.1 General …………………………………………………………………………….………. 308.1

408.1.2 Classification ……………………………………………………………………….……… 308.2

408.1.3 Mixed Occupancies ………………………………………………………………..…… 704.1.4

408.2.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………..……… 407.1

408.2.2 Automatic Protection Systems …………………………………………………….….. 407.1.3

408.3 Storage and Dispensing Areas …………………………………………………….……. 407.2

408.4 Dispensing, Use and Handling …………………………………………………………… 407.3

408.5 Explosives and Blasting Agents – Indoor Storage ………………………………..…… 407.4

408.6 Highly Toxic and Toxic Compressed Gases – Indoor Storage ………………….…… 407.5

408.7 Flammable/Combustible Liquids – Indoor Storage ……………………………….…… 407.6

409 Institutional Occupancy – Group I ………………………………………………………… 409

409.1.1.1 ……...………………………………………………………………………………………… 309.1

409.2.1.1 …………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 309.2

410 Mercantile Occupancy – Group M …………………………………………………………. 310

411 Residential Occupancy – Group R ………………………………………………..………. 311

412 Storage Occupancy – Group S …………………………………………………………….. 411

412.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………………. 312

CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL OCCUPANCY REQUIREMENTS 501 Temporary Structures …………………………………………………..…… 104.1.2 (deleted)

502 Greenhouses ……………………………………………………………………….……. 411.10

503 Reviewing Stands, Grandstands and Bleachers ……………………………………… 403.6

504 Farm Buildings …………………………………………………………………..………. 411.11

505 Covered and Enclosed Walkways and Tunnels ………………………………..………. 3104

506 Special Provisions for Group B and R High Rise Buildings ………………….………… 412

507 Covered Malls ……………………………………………………………………………….. 413

x 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE


1991 1994 508 Accessibility for the Physically Handicapped ……….…………. Chapter 11, 1004.3, 3403

509 Atriums ……………………………………………………………………………….………. 414

510 Underground Buildings ……………………………………………………………….……. 415

511 Hazardous Production Material Facilities …………………………………………..…….. 408

512 Membrane Structures ………………………………………………………………..……. 3105

513 Special Amusement Buildings …………………………………………………………… 403.5

CHAPTER 6 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BY CONSTRUCTION 601-607 ……………………………………………………………………………….........……… 601-607

608 Exception to Fire Protection ………………………………………………………….….. 701.5

610 Buildings Located on the Same Lot ………………………………………………….……. 504

CHAPTER 7 FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 701 Protection of Floor Openings …………………………………………………………….. 705.2

702 Interior Wall and Partition Fire Separation Requirements ……………………………. 704.2

702.2 Partition Requirements by Type of Construction ………………………………………… 609

703 Protection of Wall and Floor Openings …………………………………………………. 705.1

703.3.3 …………………………………………………………………………..…..… 705.1.2, 705.2.1.4

704 Restrictions on Interior Finishes …………………………………………………….…….. 803

704.9 Plumbing, Electrical and Air Handling Systems in Rated Assemblies ………………. 707.1

704.10 Plenums …………………………………………………………………………………… 707.2

705 Firestopping and Draft Stopping ………………………………………………………… 705.3

706 Roof Coverings …………………………………………………………………………….. 1509

707 Sloped Glazing ………………………………………………………………..…………… 2407

708 Dormer Windows ………………………………………………………………….. 1503.2.1(5)

709 Architectural Trim, Balconies, Bay Windows …………………………………………… 1404

710 Canopies on Exterior Walls ……………………………………………………………….. 3106

711 Gutters and Leaders ………………………………………………………….…………… 1508

712 Towers, Spires, Cupolas, Aerial Supports, Poles, Domes ……………….…………… 1506

713 Tanks …………………………………………………………………………..…………… 1504

714 Cooling Towers …………………………………………………………………………….. 1505

715 Drying Rooms ………………………………………………………………..……………… 416

716 Penthouses and Roof Structures ………………………………………….…………….. 1503

717 Foam Plastic Insulation ……………………………………………………..…………….. 2603

718 Fireman’s Access Panels in Windowless Walls ………………………………………… 1405

719 Thermal Insulating Material ………………………………………………………………… 708

CHAPTER 8 APPURTENANCE REQUIREMENTS 801 Heating, Air Conditioning, Refrigeration and Ventilation ………………………………. 2803

802 Chimneys …………………………………………………………………………………… 2804

803 Masonry Chimneys ……………………………………………………………….……….. 2113

804 Fireplaces

804.1 Factory Built Fireplaces ………………………………………………………………… 2806.1

804.2 Factory Built Fireplace Stoves and Solid Fuel Room Heaters ……………….…….. 2806.2

804.3 Masonry Fireplaces ……………………………………………………………………… 2114.3

804.4 False Fireplaces ……………………………………………………………………………. 2807

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions xi


1991 1994 805 Barbecues

805.1 Factory Built …………………………………………………………….………………….. 2808

805.2 Masonry Built …………………………………………………………………………….. 2114.4

806 Boiler Rooms ……………………………………………………………..…………… 704.1.3.3

807 Gas Appliances ………………………………………………………….………………… 2809

808 Plumbing Installations …………………………………………………………………… 2901.2

809 Fresh Air Intakes ………………………………………………………….…… 705.1.1.4, 2810

810 Plenum Floor Systems …………………………………………………………………….. 2811

811 Veneered Walls …………………………………………………………….……………… 1403

812 Computer/Data Processing Equipment Rooms ……………………….………………… 417

CHAPTER 9 SPRINKLERS, STANDPIPES AND ALARM SYSTEMS 901 Sprinklers …………………………………………..………………………………………… 903

902 Standpipes …………………………………………..……………………………………….. 904

903 Fire Alarms …………………………………………..………………………………………. 905

CHAPTER 10 FIRE RESISTANCE STANDARDS FOR

MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION 1001 General …………………………………………………………………………………….. 701.2

1001.3 Penetrations of Fire Resistant Assemblies ………………………………….………. 705.4.3

1002 Materials for Fire Protection …………………………………………………….………….. 703

1002.11 Sprayed Fire Resistant Materials …………………………………………………….. 1709.1.1

1003 Fire Resistance References …………………………………………………….……….. 701.4

CHAPTER 11 MEANS OF EGRESS ……………………………………………………..… Chapter 10 1120.10.2.5 ………………………………………………………………………………………..……….. 3404

1120.11.5.5 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3404

CHAPTER 12 MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS ………..…………………………………..… Chapter 16 1201.3 Occupancy Permits for Changed Loading ……………………………………………. 1601.4

1209 Floodplain …………………………………………………………………………………… 3107

CHAPTER 13 FOUNDATIONS ………..…………………………………….……………..… Chapter 18

CHAPTER 14 MASONRY CONSTRUCTION ………..………………………………..… Chapter 21

CHAPTER 15 STEEL CONSTRUCTION ………..……………………………………..… Chapter 22

CHAPTER 16 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION ………………………………………..… Chapter 19 1610 Parapet Walls …………………………………………………………………..………….. 1507

CHAPTER 17 WOOD CONSTRUCTION ……………………..………………………..… Chapter 23 1709 Parapet Walls …………………………………………………………………..………….. 1507

CHAPTER 18 LATHING, PLASTERING AND GYPSUM CONSTRUCTION … Chapter 23 1806 Reinforced Gypsum Concrete ……………………………………………………………. 1914

CHAPTER 19 RODENT-PROOF CONSTRUCTION ……..………………………………..… 1205

xii 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 20 LIGHT, VENTILATION AND SANITATION …….………………………..… 1203

CHAPTER 21 SAFEGUARDS DURING CONSTRUCTION ……………………..… Chapter 33

CHAPTER 22 USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY ……………..………………………….… Chapter 32 2204 Moving of Buildings ……………………………………………………………..…………. 3313

CHAPTER 23 SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAYS ……..………………………….……..… 3108

CHAPTER 24 ELEVATORS, DUMBWAITERS, ESCALATORS,

MOVING WALKS ……..…………………………………………………….………………..… Chapter 30

CHAPTER 25 STRUCTURAL TESTS …….……………………………………………..… Chapter 17

CHAPTER 26 LIGHT-TRANSMITTING PLASTICS ……..………………………….……..… 2604

CHAPTER 27 GLASS……………………………..……………………………………………..… Chapter 24

CHAPTER 28 ALUMINUM COSNTRUCTION ………..……………………………………..… 2003

CHAPTER 29 ACOUSTICAL CEILING SYSTEMS ……..…………………………………..… 804

CHAPTER 30 FIRE DISTRICT …………………….……………………………………………..… App. F

CHAPTER 31 CALCULATED FIRE RESISTANCE …….…………………………………..… 709

CHAPTER 32 INSTALLATION OF ROOF COVERINGS ………………………………..… 1509

APPENDIX A WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS ……..…………………………..… App. A

APPENDIX B RECOMMENDED SCHEDULE OF PERMIT FEE ..…………………..… App. B

APPENDIX C ONE AND TWO FAMILY DWELLINGS ……..…………………………..… App. C

APPENDIX D STANDARDS FOR DEMOLITION …….…………………………………..… App. D

APPENDIX E ENERGY CONSERVATION …..……………………………………………..… App. E

APPENDIX F RECOMMENDED GUIDE FOR

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A FIRE DISTRICT ……..…………………………………..… App. F

APPENDIX G ADOBE CONSTRUCTION …….……………………………………………..… App. G

APPENDIX H MANUFACTURED HOMES TIE DOWN STANDARDS ………..…..… App. H

APPENDIX I ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE PHYSICALLY

DISABLED AND/OR HANDICAPPED ………………………………………………..… Chapter 11

APPENDIX J HURRICANE REQUIREMENTS ………………………………………..…… Deleted

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions xiii

APPENDIX K RECOMMENDED GUIDE FOR SOUND

ISOLATION IN MULTI-FAMILY DWELLINGS ……………………………………..…..… Deleted

APPENDIX L FALLOUT SHELTER CONSTRUCTION …………………….……..…..… Deleted

APPENDIX M COMMENTARY ON CALCULATED FIRE RESISTANCE ….…..… Deleted

xiv 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION

101 TITLE AND SCOPE …………………….……………………………………………………………… 1 102 APPLICABILITY ……………………………………..………………………………………………….. 1 103 EXCEPTIONS TO APPLICABILITY ………….…..…………………………………………………. 1 104 CROSS REFERENCE …………….………………..………………………………………………… 1 105 POSTING OF FLOOR LOADS ……….……………………….……………….……………………… 1

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

201 GENERAL ……………….……………...………………………………………………………………. 3 202 DEFINITIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

CHAPTER 3 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

301 GENERAL …………………………..………….………………………………………………………… 12 302 DEFINITIONS ……………………………..……………………………………………………………… 12 303 MIXED OCCUPANCIES ………………………..……………………………………………………… 12 304 ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY- GROUP A …….…………………….………………………………… 13 305 BUSINESS OCCUPANCY - GROUP B …………..………………………………………………….. 13 306 EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCY – GROUP E ……...…………………………………………………. 14 307 FACTORY-INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCY - GROUP F ……..…………………………………………. 14 308 HAZARDOUS OCCUPANCY - GROUP H ……………..……………………………………………. 15 309 INSTITUTIONAL OCCUPANCY - GROUP I ……...…………………………………………………. 19 310 MERCANTILE OCCUPANCY - GROUP M …………………………………………………………. 20 311 RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY - GROUP R …………………………………………………………. 20 312 STORAGE OCCUPANCY – GROUP S ………………..……………………………………………. 20

CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL OCCUPANCY

401 GENERAL ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 402 DEFINITIONS……………….…………………………………………………………………………….. 22 403 SPECIAL ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES ……..….……………………………………………………. 22 404 SPECIAL BUSINESS OCCUPANCIES ……..………………………………………………………... 27 405 SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCIES …….…………………………………………………... 29 406 SPECIAL FACTORY-INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCIES …….………………………………………... 29 407 SPECIAL HAZARDOUS OCCUPANCIES …….……………………………………………………... 29 408 HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL FACILITIES ……….…………………………………... 50 409 SPECIAL INSTITUTIONAL OCCUPANCIES ……………………..…………………………………. 56 410 SPECIAL RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES ……..………………..…………………………………... 65 411 SPECIAL STORAGE OCCUPANCIES ………………….…………………………………………… 66 412 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS ………….………………………………... 70 413 COVERED MALL BUILDINGS …………………………………………………………………………. 87 414 ATRIUMS …..……………………………………………………………………………………………. 90 415 UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS ……………………………………………………………………….. 92 416 DRYING ROOMS ……..………………………………………………………………………………… 95 417 COMPUTER/DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT ROOMS ……..………………………………… 95

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions xv

418 DAY CARE STANDARDS …..…………………………………………………………………………. 95 419 RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITIES ……………………………………………………………………. 97 420 SPECIAL OCCUPANCY REQUIREMENTS ………………………………………………………… 99

CHAPTER 5 GENERAL BUILDING LIMITATIONS

501 GENERAL ……...………………..………………………………………………………………………. 100 502 DEFINITIONS ……….…………………………………………………………………………………… 100 503 HEIGHT AND AREA ……………………………………………………………………………………. 100 504 BUILDINGS LOCATED ON THE SAME LOT ……………………………………………………….. 103 505 BUILDINGS LOCATED WITHIN A FIRE DISTRICT ………………………………………………… 103 TABLE 500 – ALLOWABLE HEIGHTS IND BUILDING AREAS ……………………………………….. 104

CHAPTER 6 CONSTRUCTION TYPES

601 GENERAL …..…...………………..………………………………………………………………………. 108 602 DEFINITIONS ……….…………………………………………………………………………………… 108 603 TYPE I CONSTRUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………… 109 604 TYPE II CONSTRUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………… 109 605 TYPE III CONSTRUCTION…………………..…………………………………………………………… 109 606 TYPE IV CONSTRUCTION …………….……………………………………………………………… 111 607 TYPE V CONSTRUCTION ……………..……………………………………………………………… 111 608 TYPE VI CONSTRUCTION ………….………………………………………………………………… 111 609 PARTITIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 111 610 MIXED TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION ………………………………………………………………... 112 TABLE 600 FIRE RESISTANCE RATINGS ……………………………………………………………….. 113

CHAPTER 7 FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

701 GENERAL ……...………………..………………………………………………………………………. 115 702 DEFINITIONS ……….…………………………………………………………………………………… 116 703 MATERIALS FOR FIRE RESISTANCE ………………………………………………………………. 116 704 FIRE RESISTANT SEPARATIONS …………………………………………………………………….. 118 705 PROTECTION OF OPENINGS ……………………………………………………………………….. 122 TABLE 700 MINIMUM FIRE RESISTANCE OF WALLS, PARTITIONS AND

OPENING PROTECTIVES ……………………………………………………………………………….. 126 706 COMBUSTIBLES IN FIRE RATED ASSEMBLIES ………………………………………………….. 131 707 COMBUSTIBLES IN CONCEALED SPACES ……………………………………………………….. 131 708 THERMAL INSULATING MATERIALS ………………………………………………………………. 132 709 CALCULATED FIRE RESISTANCE ………………………………………………………………….. 133

CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISHES

801 GENERAL ……...………………..………………………………………………………………………. 183 802 DEFINITIONS ……….…………………………………………………………………………………… 183 803 RESTRICTIONS ON INTERIOR FINISHES ………………………………………………………….. 183 804 ACOUTICAL CEILING SYSTEMS …………………………………………………………………… 186

xvi 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

901 GENERAL ……...………………..………………………………………………………………………. 187 902 DEFINITIONS…..…….…………………………………………………………………………………… 187 903 SPRINKLERS ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 188 904 STANDPIPES ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 191 905 FIRE ALARMS …………………………………………………………………………………………… 193

CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS

1001 GENERAL ……...………………..…………..…………………………………………………………. 196 1002 DEFINITIONS ..…….…………………………………………………………………………………… 196 1003 OCCUPANT LOAD AND MEANS OF EGRESS CAPACITY ……………………………………... 197 1004 ARRANGEMENT AND NUMBER OF EXITS ………………………………………………………. 200 1005 SPECIAL EXIT REQUIREMENTS. …………………………………………………………………… 203 1006 STAIRWAY PROTECTION …………………………………………………………………………… 207 1007 STAIRWAY CONSTRUCTION ……………………………………………………………………….. 208 1008 ACCESS TO ROOF……………………………………………………………………………………… 211 1009 HORIZONTAL EXITS …………………………………………………………………………………. 211 1010 EXIT DISCHARGE………………………………………………………………………………………. 212 1011 FIRE ESCAPES ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 213 1012 DOORS ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 214 1013 RAMPS …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 219 1014 BALCONIES, PORCHES, GALLERIES …………………………………………………………….. 219 1015 GUARDRAILS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 220 1016 EXIT ILLUMINATION AND SIGNS ………………………………………………………………….. 220 1017 EXIT OBSTRUCTIONS ………………………………………………………………………………. 222 1018 SPECIAL EGRESS REQUIREMENTS BY OCCUPANCY ………………………………………… 222 1019 ASSEMBLY …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 222 1020 BUSINESS ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 232 1021 EDUCATIONAL ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 232 1022 FACTORY-INDUSTRIAL ……………………………………………………………………………… 233 1023 HAZARDOUS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 234 1024 INSTITUTIONAL ………………………………………………………………………………………. 234 1025 MERCANTILE ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 238 1026 RESIDENTIAL ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 238 1027 STORAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 239

CHAPTER 11 ACCESSIBILITY FOR PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES

1101 GENERAL ……...………………..………..……………………………………………………………. 241

CHAPTER 12 INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

1201 GENERAL ……...………………..……..………………………………………………………………. 242 1202 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 242 1203 LIGHT AND VENTILATION …………………………………………………………………………… 242 1204 SANITATION …………………………………………………………………………………………… 243 1205 RODENT-PROOFING …………………………………………………………………………………. 244

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions xvii

CHAPTER 13 ENERGY CONSERVATION

1301 ALL BUILDINGS …..…………..………………………………………………………………………. 246 1302 PRESCRIPTIVE CRITERIA FOR APARTMENTS AND CONDOMINIUMS …………………….. 248 1303 PRESCRIPTIVE CRITERIA FOR COMMERCIAL AND OTHER RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ... 252

CHAPTER 14 EXTERIOR WALL COVERING

1401 GENERAL ……...………………..…..…………………………………………………………………. 255 1402 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 255 1403 VENEERED WALLS …………………………………………………………………………………… 255 1404 ARCHITECTURAL TRIM, BALCONIES, BAY WINDOWS ………………………………………… 262 1405 FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS IN EXTERIOR WALLS …………………………………………... 263

CHAPTER 15 ROOFS AND ROOF STRUCTURES

1501 GENERAL ……...………………..…..…………………………………………………………………. 264 1502 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 264 1503 PENTHOUSE – TYPE ROOF STRUCTURES ……………………………………………………... 264 1504 TANKS ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 265 1505 COOLING TOWERS …………………………………………………………………………………… 265 1506 OTHER ROOF STRUCTURES ………………………………………………………………………. 265 1507 PARAPET WALLS …………………………………………………………………………………….. 266 1508 GUTTERS AND LEADERS …………………………………………………………………………… 266 1509 ROOF COVERINGS …………………………………………………………………………………… 267

CHAPTER 16 STRUCTURAL LOADS

1601 GENERAL ……...………………..………………………………………………………………………. 294 1602 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 294 1603 DEAD LOADS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 295 1604 LIVE LOADS ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 295 1605 SNOW LOADS …………………………………………………………………………………………. 300 1606 WIND LOADS …………………………………………………………………………………………… 301 1607 EARTHQUAKE LOADS ……………………………………………………………………………….. 305 1608 SPECIAL LOADS ………………………………………………………………………………………. 335 1609 LOAD COMBINATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………. 336 1610 DEFLECTIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………… 338 1611 MANUFACTURED HOMES…………………………………………………………………………….. 338

CHAPTER 17 STRUCTURAL TESTS AND INSPECTIONS

1701 GENERAL ……...………………….……………………………………………………………………. 339 1702 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 339 1703 TEST REPORTS ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 339 1704 ALLOWABLE LOADS AND ALLOWABLE STRESSES …………………………………………... 339 1705 LOAD AND DEFLECTION ………………………………………………………………………….. 340 1706 TEST PROCEDURE …………………………………………………………………………………… 340 1707 MATERIALS AND ASSEMBLY TESTS ……………………………………………………………… 341 1708 SEISMIC INSPECTIONS AND TESTING …………………………………………………………… 342 1709 INSPECTION OF SPRAYED MATERIALS FOR FIRE RESISTANCE ………………………….. 343

xviii 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 18 FOUNDATIONS AND RETAINING WALLS

1801 GENERAL ……...………………..………………………………………………………………………. 345 1802 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 346 1803 EXCAVATION ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 347 1804 FOOTINGS, FOUNDATIONS AND FOUNDATION WALLS ……………………………………… 348 1805 PILES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 354 1806 ALLOWABLE PILE LOAD …………………………………………………………………………….. 357 1807 STRUCTURAL STEEL PILES ………………………………………………………………………… 360 1808 CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL PIPE AND TUBE PILES ……………………………………………. 360 1809 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE PILES ……………………………………………………………… 361 1810 PRECAST CONCRETE PILES ………………………………………………………………………. 364 1811 TIMBER PILES …………………………………………………………………………………………. 365 1812 COMPOSITE PILES …………………………………………………………………………………… 366 1813 CAISSON PILES ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 367 1814 DRILLED PIERS OR CAISSONS …………………………………………………………………….. 367 1815 WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING ………………………………………………………. 369

CHAPTER 19 CONCRETE

1901 GENERAL ……...……………….………………………………………………………………………. 371 1902 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 371 1903 MATERIALS ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 371 1904 DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS ……………………………………………………………………… 373 1905 CONCRETE QUALITY ………………………………………………………………………………… 378 1906 MIXING AND PLACING CONCRETE ……………………………………………………………….. 383 1907 FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS …………………………… 384 1908 DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT …………………………………………………………………….. 386 1909 SLAB ON GROUND …………………………………………………………………………………… 388 1910 GFRC EXTERIOR WALL PANELS ………………………………………………………………….. 389 1911 PARAPET WALLS ……………………………………………………………………………………… 389 1912 SEISMIC PROVISIONS ………………………………………………………………………………. 389 1913 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PLAIN CONCRETE ……………………………………………. 394 1914 REINFORCED GYPSUM CONCRETE ……………………………………………………………… 395

CHAPTER 20 LIGHT METAL ALLOYS

2001 GENERAL ……...……………….………………………………………………………………………. 396 2002 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 396 2003 STRUCTURAL ALUMINUM …………………………………………………………………………… 396

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions xix

CHAPTER 21 MASONRY

2101 GENERAL ……...………………..……………………………………………………………………… 397 2102 DEFINITIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………... 397 2103 DESIGN …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 399 2104 MATERIALS ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 399 2105 LATERAL STABILITY ………………………………………………………………………………….. 404 2106 COMPRESSIVE STRESS REQUIREMENTS ………………………………………………………. 405 2107 LATERAL SUPPORT ………………………………………………………………………………….. 407 2108 THICKNESS OF MASOI\RY ………………………………………………………………………….. 408 2109 BOND ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 408 2110 ANCHORAGE ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 410 2111 MASONRY CONSTRUCTION ………………………………………………………………………… 411 2112 GLASS BLOCK WALLS ………………………………………………………………………………. 413 2113 MASONRY CHIMNEYS ………………………………………………………………………………. 414 2114 MASONRY FIREPLACES AND BARBECUES ………..…………………………………………… 415 2115 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS ………………………………………………………………………….. 418 2116 ADOBE CONSTRUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………. 420

CHAPTER 22 STEEL

2201 GENERAL ……...………………..……………………………………………………………………… 421 2202 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 421 2203 STRUCTURAL STEEL CONSTRUCTION ………………………………………………………….. 421 2204 COLD-FORMED STEEL CONSTRUCTION ………………………………………………………... 421 2205 OPEN WEB STEEL JOIST CONSTRUCTION ……………………………………………………… 422 2206 STRUCTURALSTEELCABLES ……….…………………………………………………………….. 422 2207 WELDING ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 423 2208 HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS ……………………………………………………………………………. 423 2209 MATERIAL STANDARDS …………………………………………………………………………….. 423 2210 PARAPET WALLS …………………………………………………………………………………….. 423 2211 COMPOSITE SLABS ………………………………………………………………………………….. 423 2212 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL STRUCI'URES ……………………………………….. 423

CHAPTER 23 WOOD

2301 GENERAL ……...………………..……………………………………………………………………… 425 2302 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 428 2303 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES ……………………………………………………………………… 429 2304 PROTECTION AGAINST DECAY AND TERMITES ……………………………………………… 429 2305 FIRE PROTECTION …………………………………………………………………………………… 433 2306 FASTENINGS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 435 2307 FLOOR FRAMING ……………………………………………………………………………………… 438 2308 VERTICAL FRAMING …………………………………………………………………………………. 442 2309 ROOF AND CEILING FRAMING …………………………………………………………………….. 457 2310 WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL DIAPHRAGMS ……………………………………………………. 460 2311 PARTICLEBOARD DIAPHRAGM ………………………………………………………………….. 466 2312 SEISMIC PROVISIONS ………………………………………………………………………………. 471

xx 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 24 GLASS AND GLAZING

2401 GENERAL ……...………………..……………………………………………………………………… 475 2402 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 475 2403 LABELING ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 475 2404 LOUVERED WINDOWS OR JALOUSIES ………………………………………………………….. 475 2405 IMPACT, WIND, AND OTHER LOADS ……………………………………………………………… 475 2406 GLASS SUPPORTS …………………………………………………………………………………… 481 2407 SLOPED GLAZING ……………………………………………………………………………………. 483

CHAPTER 25 GYPSUM BOARD AND PLASTER

2501 GENERAL ……...………………..………………………………………………………………………. 485 2502 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 485 2503 MATERIALS ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 485 2504 APPLICATION …………………………………………………………………………………………. 487 2505 ALLOWABLE PARTITION HEIGHTS ……………………………………………………………….. 487 2506 VERTICAL GYPSUM BOARD DIAPHRAGMS …………………………………………………….. 488

CHAPTER 26 PLASTIC

2601 GENERAL ……...………………..……………………………………………………………………… 490 2602 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 490 2603 FOAM PLASTIC INSULATION ……………………………………………………………………….. 490 2604 LIGHT-TRANSMITTING PLASTICS ………………………………………………………………… 494

CHAPTER 27 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

2701 GENERAL ……...………………..……………………………………………………………………… 500 2702 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 500

CHAPTER 28 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

2801 GENERAL ……...………..……..………………………………………………………………………. 501 2802 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 501 2803 HEATING, AIR CONDITIONING, REFRIGERATION AND VENTILATION ……………………... 501 2804 CHIMNEYS …………………………………..………………………………………………………… 501 2805 MASONRY CHIMNEYS AND BARBECUES ……………………………………………………….. 502 2806 FIREPLACES-FACTORY-BUILT …….……………………………………………………………… 502 2807 FALSE FIREPLACES …………………………………………………………………………………. 503 2808 BARBECUES-FACTORY-BUILT …………………………………………………………………… 503 2809 GAS APPLIANCES ……………………………………………………………………………………. 503 2810 FRESH AIR INTAKES ………………………………………………………………………………… 503 2811 PLENUM FLOOR SYSTEMS ………………………………………………………………………… 503

CHAPTER 29 PLUMBING SYSTEMS

2901 GENERAL ……...……………..………………………………………………………………..………. 504 2902 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 504

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions xxi

CHAPTER 30 ELEVATORS AND CONVEYING SYSTEMS

3001- GENERAL ……...……………………………………………………………………………………… 505 3002 DEFINITIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………... 505 3003 ELEVATORS …………………………………………………………………………………………… 505 3004 MANLIFTS ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 508

CHAPTER 31 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

3101 GENERAL ……...………………..……………………………………………………………………… 509 3102 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 509 3103 TENTS FOR PUBLIC ASSEMBLY …………………………………………………………………… 509 3104 COVERED AND ENCLOSED WALKWAYS AND TUNNELS …………………………………….. 509 3105 MEMBRANE STRUCTURES …………………………………………………………………………. 510 3106 CANOPIES ON EXTERIOR WALLS ………………………………………………………………… 513 3107 FLOODPLAIN ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 513 3108 SIGNS …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 514

CHAPTER 32 CONSTRUCTION IN THE PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY

3201 GENERAL ……...……………....……………………………………………………………………… 519 3202 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 519 3203 DOORS AND WINDOW …………….……………………………………………………………….. 519 3204 MARQUEES, CANOPIES OR FIXED AWNING …….…………………………………………….. 519 3205 ROOF DRAINAGE REQUIRED ……………………………………………………………………… 520 3206 OTHER PROJECTIONS ………………………………………………………………………………. 520 3207 SPACE UNDER PUBLIC PROPERTY ………………………………………………………………. 520

CHAPTER 33 SITE WORK, DEMOLITION AND CONSTRUCTION

3301 GENERAL …….....……………..………………………………………………………………………. 522 3302 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 522 3303 ALLOWABLE USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY DURING CONSTRUCTION …………………….. 522 3304 WHERE COVERED WALKWAYS ARE REQUIRED ………………………………………………. 523 3305 CONSTRUCTION OF WALKWAYS, FENCES, AND PROTECTIVE COVERINGS ……………. 523 3306 WALKWAYS OVER EXCAVATED AREAS ………..………………………………………………. 524 3307 STORAGE OF MATERIALS OVER WALKWAYS …………………………………………………. 524 3308 WALKWAYS TO BE KEPT IN REPAIR ……………………………………………………………… 524 3309 CLEANING OF SIDEWALKS AND STREETS ……………………………………………………… 524 3310 RED LIGHTS REQUIRED …………………………………………………………………………….. 524 3311 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING CONSTRUCTION …………………………………………. 524 3312 PROTECTION OF ROOFS AND SKYLIGHTS OF ADJOINING BUILDINGS ………………….. 525 3313 MOVING OF BUILDINGS …………………………………………………………………………….. 525 3314 DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS ………………………………………………………………………. 527

xxii 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 34 SAFETY TO LIFE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

3401 SCOPE ……..…………………………………………………………………………………………… 528 3402 DETERMINING AND POSTING OF FLOOR LOADS ……………………………………………… 528 3403 INTERIOR FINISH ………………………………………………………………………………….. 528 3404 ROOF COVERING REPAIRS ………………………………………………………………………… 528 3405 CHIMEYS AND VENTS ……………………………………………………………………………… 528 3406 HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES ………………………………………………………………….. 528 3407 MEANS OF EGRESS …………………………………………………………………………………. 529 3408 SPECIAL SAFETY TO LIFE REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO EXISTING HIGH RISE

BUILDINGS ……………………………….…………………………………………………………… 534 3409 HISTORIC BUILDINGS ……………………………………………………………………………….. 534

CHAPTER 35 REFERENCE STANDARDS

3501 SCOPE …….…………………………………………………………………………………………… 535 3502 REFERENCED STANDARDS ……………………………………………………………………….. 535 3503 ORGANIZATIONS …………………………………………………………………………………….. 555

CHAPTER 36 PIERS, BULKHEADS, AND WATERWAY STRUCTURES

3601 GENERAL ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 561 3602 PERMITS AND APPROVALS ………………………………………………………………………… 561 3603 MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS ………………………………………………………………………….. 561 3604 ENGINEERED DESIGNS …………………………………………………………………………….. 562 3605 MATERIALS ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 563 3606 CONSTRUCTION OF PIERS, DOCKS, CATWALKS AND FLOATING DOCKS ………………. 563 3607 CONSTRUCTION: BULKHEADS, SEAWALLS AND REVETMENTS …………………………… 564 3608 CONSTRUCTION OF GROINS AND JETTIES …………………………………………………….. 565 3609 DEFINITIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 566

CHAPTER 37 COASTAL & FLOOD PLAINS CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS

3701 PURPOSE, APPLICATION, AND SCOPE ….…..…………………………………………………… 568 3702 DEFINTIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 568 3703 PILING STANDARDS …………………………………………………………………………………. 568 3704 ELEVATION STANDARDS …………………………………………………………………………… 569 3705 ANCHORING AND BRACING STANDARDS ………………………………………………………. 569 3706 CONSTRUCTION, MATERIALS, AND METHODS STANDARDS…………………………………. 569 3707 STABILITY STANDARDS …………………………………………………………………………….. 569 3708 RECORDS AND CERTIFICATIONS ………………………………………………………………… 570 3709 FIRE AND SAFETY STANDARDS FOR TYPES V AND VI CONSTRUCTION………………….. 570

1996 NORTH CAROLINS BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions xxiii

APPENDIX CHAPTERS

APPENDIX A – WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS ….……………………………………………… 571 APPENDIX B – RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE ………………………………………………………… 576 APPENDIX C – ONE AND TWO FAMILY DWELLINGS ….……………………………………………… 577 APPENDIX D – STANDARDS FOR DEMOLITION ….…………………………………………………… 578 APPENDIX E – ENERGY CONSERVATION ……………………………………………………………… 579 APPENDIX F – FIRE DISTRICT ………...…..……………………………………………………………… 580 APPENDIX G – EXTERIOR WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION ….……………………………………… 583 APPENDIX H – MANUFACTURED HOMES TIE DOWN STANDARDS ….…………………………… 586

INDEX …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 597

1996 NORTH CAROLINA BUILDING CODE 1997 Revisions 1

CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION

101 TITLE AND SCOPE

Provisions in the following chapters and sections shall constitute and be known and may be cited as the "North Carolina State Building Code, Volume I, General Construction," hereinafter referred to as "this Code." For Administration requirements, refer to the "North Carolina State Building Code, Volume I-A, Administration and Enforcement Requirements.''

102 APPLICABILITY

The provisions of this Code shall apply to the construction, alteration, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, movement to another site, removal and demolition, or any appurtenances connected or attached to every building or structure.

103 EXCEPTIONS TO APPLICABILITY

The provisions of the code shall not apply to the following: 1. One and two family dwellings. 2. Buildings for the use of any farmer or his immediate family located outside the building

regulation jurisdiction of any municipality when use of the building does not involve the health and safety of the public. If the operation of such can be considered a business endeavor, it shall meet the provisions of the technical codes.

EXCEPTION: All buildings used for sleeping purposes shall conform to the provisions of the technical codes. All electric wiring of houses, buildings, or structures shall conform to the provisions of the North Carolina State Building Code, Volume IV - Electrical.

3. The design, construction, location, installation or operation of equipment for storing, handling, and transporting liquefied petroleum gases for fuel purposes up to the outlet of the first stage pressure regulator, and anhydrous ammonia or other liquid fertilizers.

4. The design, construction, location, installation or operation of equipment or facilities of a public utility, as defined in G.S. 62-3, or an electric or telephone membership corporation, including without limitation poles, towers, and other structures supporting electric or communication lines from the distribution network up to the meter location.

NOTE: All buildings owned and operated by a public utility or an electric or telephone membership corporation shall meet the provisions of the code.

5. The Storage and Handling of Hazardous Chemicals Right to Know Act, North Carolina General Statute 95-173 – 95-318.

104 CROSS REFERENCE

For all cross references which specify the Standard Plumbing, Mechanical, Fire Prevention, Gas Codes, or NFiPA 70, the North Carolina editions shall be the code indicated.

105 POSTING OF FLOOR LOADS

105.1 Occupancy.

An existing or new building shall not be occupied for any purpose which will cause the floors thereof to be loaded beyond their safe capacity.

ADMINISTRATION

2 1997 Revisions 1996 NORTH CAROLINA BUILDING CODE

105.2 Storage and Factory-Industrial Occupancies.

It shall be the responsibility of the owner, agent, proprietor or occupant of Group S and Group F occupancies, or any occupancy where excessive floor loading is likely to occur, to employ an architect or professional engineer in computing the safe load capacity. All such computations shall be accompanied by an affidavit from the architect or professional engineer stating the safe allowable floor load on each floor in pounds per square foot uniformly distributed. The computations and affidavit shall be filed as a permanent record of the Inspection Department.

105.3 Signs Required.

In every building or part of a building used for storage, industrial or hazardous occupancy, the safe floor loads, as reviewed by the Building Official on the plan, shall be marked on plates of approved design which shall be supplied and securely affixed by the owner of the building in a conspicuous place in each story to which they relate. Such plates if lost, removed or defaced shall be replaced by the owner of the building.


CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS

201 GENERAL

201.1 Scope

For the purpose of this code, certain abbreviations, terms, phrases, words, and their derivatives, shall be construed as set forth in this chapter or the chapter to which they are unique.

201.2 Tense, Gender and Number Words used in the present tense include the future. Words in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter. The singular number includes the plural and the plural number includes the singular.

201.3 Words Not Defined

Words not defined herein shall have the meanings stated in the Standard Mechanical Code, Standard Plumbing Code, Standard Gas Code or Standard Fire Prevention Code. Words not defined in the Standard Codes shall have the meanings in Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary as revised.

202 DEFINITIONS

ACCESSIBLE - having access to but which first may require the removal of a panel, door or similar covering of the item described. See READILY ACCESSIBLE.

ADDITION - an extension or increase in floor area or height of a building or structure.

ALLEY - any public space or thoroughfare 20 ft (6096 mm) or less wide which has been dedicated or deeded for public use.

ALTER or ALTERATION - any change or modification in construction or occupancy.

AND/OR - in a choice of two code provisions, signifies that use of both provisions will satisfy the code requirement and use of either provision is acceptable also.

APARTMENT – See DWELLING UNIT.

APARTMENT HOUSE - any building or portion thereof used as a multiple dwelling for the purpose of providing three or more separate dwelling units which may share means of egress and other essential facilities.

APPLICABLE GOVERNING BODY - a city, county, state agency or other political government subdivision or entity authorized to administer and enforce the provisions of this Code, as adopted or amended.

APPROVED - approved by the building official or other authority having jurisdiction.

ARCHITECT - a duly registered and licensed architect.

ARCHITECTURAL TRIM - the ornamental or protective framing or edging around openings or at corners or eaves and other architectural elements attached to the exterior walls of buildings, usually of a color and material different from that of the adjacent wall surface, and serving no structural purpose.

AREA, BUILDING - the area included within surrounding exterior walls, or exterior walls and fire walls, exclusive of courts. The area of a building or portion of a building without surrounding walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above.

AREA, GROSS FLOOR - the area within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls with no deduction for corridors, stairs, closets, thickness of walls, columns or other features, exclusive of areas open and unobstructed to the sky.

DEFINITIONS


AREA, NET FLOOR - the area actually occupied not including accessory unoccupied areas such as corridors, stairs, closets, thickness of walls, columns, toilet rooms, mechanical area or other features.

ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY - defined in 304.

ATRIUM - a space, intended for occupancy within a building, extending vertically though the building and enclosed at the top.

AUTOMATIC - as applied to fire protection devices, is a device or system providing an emergency function without the necessity for human intervention and activated as a result of a predetermined temperature rise, rate of rise of temperature, or combustion products, such as incorporated in an automatic sprinkler system, automatic fire door, automatic fire shutter, or automatic fire vent.

AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM - an approved system of devices and equipment which automatically detects a fire and discharges an approved fire-extinguishing agent onto or in the area of a fire.

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE STATION - defined in 404.2.

AWNING - an architectural projection that provides weather protection, identity and/or decoration and is wholly supported by the building to which it is attached. An awning is comprised of a lightweight, rigid or retractable skeleton structure over which an approved cover is attached.

BALCONY, ASSEMBLY ROOM - that portion of the seating space of an assembly room, the lowest part of which is raised 4 ft (1219 mm) or more above the level of the main floor.

BASEMENT - any building story having a floor below grade.

BLEACHERS - tiered or stepped seating facilities without backrests.

BOILER - a heating appliance intended to supply hot water or steam.

BUILDING - any structure that encloses a space used for sheltering any occupancy. Each portion of a building separated from other portions by a fire wall shall be considered as a separate building.

BUILDING LINE - the line, established by law, beyond which the building shall not extend, except as specifically provided by law.

BUILDING OFFICIAL - the officer or other designated authority, or their duly authorized representative, charged with the administration and enforcement of this code.

BUSINESS OCCUPANCY - defined in 305.

CITY - See APPLICABLE GOVERNING BODY.

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL - a material which cannot be classified as noncombustible in accordance with that definition.

CONSTRUCTION TYPES -

Type I - Sec 603 Type IV - See 606 Type II - See 604 Type V - Sec 607 Type III - See 605 Type VI - See 608

CORRIDOR - a passageway into which compartments or rooms open and which is enclosed by partitions, other than partial partitions, and/or walls and a ceiling or a floor/roof deck above.

DEAD END - a hallway, corridor or space open to a corridor so arranged that it can be entered from an exit access corridor without passage through a door, but does not lead to an exit.

DEAD LOAD - the weight of all permanent construction, including walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, and fixed service equipment, plus the net effect of prestressing.

DEFINITIONS


DORMITORY - a space in a unit where group sleeping accommodations are provided with or without meals for persons not members of the same family group, in one room or in a series of closely associated rooms under joint occupancy and single management, as in college dormitories, fraternity houses, military barracks, and ski lodges.

DWELLING - a building occupied exclusively for residential purposes by not more than two families, unless qualified otherwise in code text.

DWELLING UNIT - a single unit providing complete, independent living facilities for one or more persons including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.

EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCY - defined in 306.

ENGINEER - a duly registered and licensed engineer.

EVALUATION REPORT - a report indicating compliance with the provisions of the Standard Building Code as analyzed by the Evaluation Committee of SBCCI PST & ESI.

EXIT - that portion of the means of egress which is separated from all other spaces of a building or structure by construction and opening protectives, as required for exits, to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge. Exits include exterior exit doors, separated exit stairs, exit passageways and horizontal exits.

EXIT ACCESS - that portion of a means of egress which leads to an entrance to an exit.

EXIT COURT - an outside space with building walls on three or more sides and open to the sky.

EXIT DISCHARGE - that portion of a means of egress between the termination of an exit and a public way.

FAMILY - one or more persons living together, whether related to each other by birth or not, and having common housekeeping facilities.

FARM BUILDINGS - structures, other than residences and structures appurtenant thereto, for on-farm use (barns, sheds, poultry houses, etc.).

FIRE DOOR - a door and its assembly, so constructed and assembled in place as to give the specified protection against the passage of fire.

FIRE RESISTANCE or FIRE RESISTANCE RATING - the period of time a building or building component maintains the ability to confine a fire or continues to perform a given structural function or both, as determined by tests prescribed in 701.2.

FIRE RETARDANT TREATED WOOD - any wood product which, when impregnated with chemicals by pressure process or other means during manufacture, shall have, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84, a flamespread index of 25 or less and show no evidence of significant progressive combustion when the test is continued for an additional 20 minute period. In addition, the flame front shall not progress more than 10 1/2 ft (3200 mm) beyond the center line of the burners at any time during the test. See 2301.8 for acceptance criteria for fire retardant treated wood.

FIRE WALL - a 4-hour fire resistant wall, having protective openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to or through the roof, with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the wall.

FIREBLOCKING - barriers installed to resist the movement of flame and gases to other areas of a building through small concealed passages in building components such as floors, walls and stairs.

FLAMESPREAD - the propagation of flame over a surface.

FLAMESPREAD RATING - that numerical value assigned to a material tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.

DEFINITIONS


FOOTBOARDS - that part of a raised seating facility other than an aisle or cross aisle upon which the occupant walks to reach a seat. Applies to reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers.

GALLERY - that portion of the seating space of an assembly room having a seating capacity of more than ten located above a balcony.

GRADE - a reference plane representing the average of finished ground level adjoining the building at all exterior walls. When the finished ground level slopes away from the exterior walls, the reference plane shall be established by the lowest points within the area between the building and the lot line or between the building and a point 6 ft (1829 mm) from the building, whichever is closer to the building.

GRADE, LUMBER- the division of sawn lumber into quality classes with respect to its physical and mechanical properties as defined in published lumber manufacturer's standard grading rules.

GRANDSTANDS - tiered or stepped seating facilities.

GROUT - mixture of cementitious materials and aggre

north carolina state building code - ncdoi...north carolina state building code volume i general...

Documents