north american free trade agreement
DESCRIPTION
NAFTA is a trilateral trade bloc. Member countiers are USA, Canada and Mexico.TRANSCRIPT
NORTH AMERICAN FREE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENT
(NAFTA)(NAFTA)
PRESENTED BY:
1)SAKET RARA
2)JITESH BHILARE
3)MUKESH KOTHARI
4)GAURAV KUMAR
5)PANKAJ DASHMUKHE
6)MITHUN SADAVARTE
7)DEEPAK DODDAMANI
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONNAFTA is an agreement signed by the
governments of the United states, Canada and Mexico creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
Members: Canada, Mexico & United States Official languages: English, French and Spanish Secretariats: Mexico city, Ottawa, Washington
D.C. Establishment: 1 January 1994 GDP of NAFTA alliance: USD 12 trillion NAFTA supplements: NAAEC & NAALC
BACK GROUNDBACK GROUNDIn 1988 Canada & the United States signed the
Canada-United states Free Trade Agreement
The American government then entered into negotiations with the Mexican government for a similar treaty
Canada asked to join the negotiations in order to preserve its perceived gains under the 1988 deal
The agreement NAFTA was signed by U.S. president - George H. W. Bush, Canadian prime minister - Brian Mulroney and
Mexican president - Carlos Salinas in San Antanio, Texas on December 17,1992.
OBJECTIVES OF NAFTAOBJECTIVES OF NAFTA To eliminate trade barriers & facilitate the cross-
border movements of goods and services between the parties
To promote conditions of fair competition
To substantially increase investment opportunities
To provide adequate and effective protection & enforcement of intellectual property rights in each territory
To create effective procedures for the implementation and application of this agreement ,for its joint administration & for resolution of disputes
To establish a framework for further trilateral, regional and multilateral co-operation to expand and enhance benefits of this agreement
North American Agreement on North American Agreement on
Environmental Co-operation (NAAECEnvironmental Co-operation (NAAEC))NAAEC created Commission for Environmental
Co-operation (CEC) in 1994
Development of common priorities for the protection of certain species
Developing North American Conservation Action Plans for three shared marine species
Provide tools such as map of terrestrial eco-regions which management agencies are using in this programs
Setting out common mechanism for planning and monitoring bird conservation programs
North American Agreement on Labor Co-North American Agreement on Labor Co-
operation (NAALCoperation (NAALC)) NAALC members work together to protect,
enhance and enforce the basic rights of workers.
Establishment of institutions & creation of formal process to raise concerns related to labor law enforcement directly with government
Undertaken a wide range of co-operative programs and technical exchanges on industrial relations,
occupational safety and health, child labor, gender equality, protection of migrant workers
Trade and Investment Effects
NAFTA is a broad agreement, but improved market access, including tariff reductions on merchandise trade, was the major U.S. goal.
After ten years, most tariffs have gone to zero, except for some very sensitive (mostly agricultural) goods that have limited protection for up to 15 years. Clearly, U.S.-Mexico trade and investment have grown sharply over the past decade.
From 1994 to 2003, U.S. exports to Mexico rose 91%, compared to 41% to the world. U.S. imports increased by 179%, compared to 89% from the world.
EFFECTS OF NAFTA EFFECTS OF NAFTA BENEFITS
Benefit’s the importers by reduced or duty free goods.
Can make the exporter more competitive then other non-participating countries
There has been great increase in trade among the three countries and market access within each country also increased considerably.
Mexico’s poverty rate decreased and real income increased, even after economic crisis 1994-1995
NAFTA had been beneficial to business owners and elites in all three countries
ADVERSE EFFECTSADVERSE EFFECTS INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH IS NOT
VERY HIGH
NAFTA RESULTED IN A NET LOSS OF 394,834 JOBS IN FIRST THREE YEARS ITSELF
MANY CANADIAN AND MEXICAN PEOPLE MIGRATED TO USA UNDER TEMPORARY STATUS (TS) & TREATY’S NATIONAL DEPENDENT STATUS (TDS)
YET THERE IS NO NET INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT LEVEL
LIMITATIONS
It has negative impacts on farmers in Mexico who saw food prices fall based on cheap imports from U.S. agribusiness
It has negative impacts on U.S. workers in manufacturing and assembly industries who lost jobs.
Critics also argue that NAFTA has contributed to the rising levels of inequality in both the U.S. and Mexico.
Some economists believe that NAFTA has not been enough (or worked fast enough) to produce an economic convergence, nor to substantially reduce poverty rates
PUBLIC OPINION
Public opinion toward NAFTA in the United States, Canada, and Mexico is mixed. A survey conducted by CIDE and COMEXI in Mexico showed that 64 percent of the Mexican public favored NAFTA.
The Program on International Policy Attitudes reported in a poll that 47 percent of Americans thought that NAFTA has been good for the United States, while 39 percent thought it had been bad for the country
CONTRIBUTION TO NAFTA CONTRIBUTION TO NAFTA
MEMBER COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION / SUPPLY
UNITED STATES
Technology, Services, and data processing, medical and space research and capital
CANADA Mineral, forest products, energy and technological expertise
MEXICO Labors, Petroleum and agricultural products
INDIA’S TRADE WITH INDIA’S TRADE WITH NAFTANAFTA
INDIA’S EXPORT TO NAFTA in 2005-2006
Total USD 18,817.71 millions
INDIA’S IMPORT FROM NAFTA in 2005-2006
Total USD 10472.22 millions
INDIA’S TRADE WITH INDIA’S TRADE WITH USA USA
INDIA’S MAJOR EXPORTS ITEMS
INDIA’S MAJOR IMPORT ITEMS
PRECIOUS STONES
DIAMONDS & GOLD JEWELLARY
WOVEN APPAREL
KNIT APPAREL
FISH & SEAFOOD
IRON/STEEL PRODUCTS
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
SOPHISTICATED MACHINERY
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY
MEDICAL & SURGICAL EQUIPMENTS
AIRCARFTS, SPACE CRAFTS
PLASTIC
WOOD PULP
METALS
INDIA’S TRADE WITH INDIA’S TRADE WITH CANADACANADA
INDIA’S MAJOR EXPORT ITEMS INDIA’S MAJOR IMPORT ITEMS
READYMADE GARMENTS
GEMS,JEWELLARY & PRECIOUS STONES
ENGINEERING GOODS
IRON & STEEL ARTICLES
COFFEE
SPICES
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
NEWSPRINT – IN ROLLS OR SHEETS
COPPER ORES AND CONCENTRATES
PEAS – DRIED AND SHELLED
IRON SCRAP,POTASH, COPPER
WOOD PULP
MINERALS
INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
INDIA’S TRADE WITH INDIA’S TRADE WITH MEXICOMEXICO
INDIA’S MAJOR EXPORT ITEM INDIA’S MOJOR IMPORT ITEM
TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
DRUGS, PHARMACEUTICAL
READYMADE GARMENTS
INORGANIC/ORGANIC CHEMICALS
MACHINERY & INSTRUMENTS
ELECTRONIC GOODS
DYES & INTERMEDIARIES
ARTICLES OF IRON OR STEEL
IRON & STEEL
PLASTIC & ARTICLES THEREOF
NUCLEAR REACTOR
MEDICAL OR SURGICAL EQUIPMENTS
ORES,SLAG AND ASH
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
FUTURE OF NAFTAFUTURE OF NAFTA Clearly not about cheap labor It is about integration of the North
American marketplace It is about moving up the value-added
chain It is about maintaining and increasing
competitiveness and productivity Mexico, like the U.S., fears losing its
manufacturing sector to other countries – why? Over the last 5 years:◦China’s exports to the U.S. grew 300%◦Mexico’s exports to the U.S. grew 30%
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
NAFTA has played an important role in the overall development of the three nations
- the progressive elimination of tariffs & trade barriers,
- Dispute resolution- Commitment to intellectual property &
environment legislation- Mutual entry into governmental bidding
& the financial and other service sector
But on the other hand it is also responsible for causalities like loss of jobs, migration, rising level of inequality and many others.