nonwoodfp
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Non-Wood Forest Products
BENEFITS
Sustainability(renewable)
Community
based
Farm income
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FAO Definitions NWFP are products of biological origin other thanwood derived from forests, wooded lands and treesoutside forests.
Examples include products used as food and foodadditives (edible nuts, mushrooms, fruits, herbs,spices and condiments, aromatic plants, game),fibres (used in construction, furniture, clothing or
utensils), resins, gums, and plant and animalproducts used for medicinal, cosmetic or culturalpurposes.(http://www.fao.org/montes/fop/fopw/NWFP/nwfp-e.stm)
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Non-Wood Forest Products IN CANADA
Maple syrup
Christmas trees,wreaths
Balsam gum
Mushrooms
Ginseng
Twig Furniture
Mistletoe
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Non-Wood Forest Products
INTERNATIONAL
Mushrooms
Medicinal plants,herbs
Honey
Nuts/ berries
Bamboo
Rattan
Spices
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Maple syrupHistorically significant
Sap tapped from trees
Mainly from hard orsugar maple
Sap is 1-3 % sugar
Holes drilled, spiles
inserted and Sap is
collected in cans or by
pipeline
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Maple syrup collectionSap is concentrated
by boiling or RO +
boiling
When syrup is ready
(65 % sugar) based
on refractometer or
specific gravityContinued cooking
yields maple sugar
candy
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What is Maple Syrup? 98 % sucrose + other minor sugars
0.2 % organic acids (citric, malleic,fumaric, succinic, glycolic
0.6 % ash
GRADED as AA (very clear extralight - >75% light transmission), A,B, C, D (Dark - < 27% light
transmission
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Syrup ProductionCanada is the main producer, mainly in
Quebec
1998:Quebec - 18 million litres
Rest of Canada (Ont. and Maritimes)
- 2 million litres
In 1998 exports worth C$ 112 Million
USA - 4.5 million litres
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Canada Balsam Yellow oily resinous exudate from
balsam fir
A turpentine Used as an optical mounting resin in
microscopes etc. (RI + glass)
Used in paints, polishes, formerly inmedicines (cold)
Relatively small amounts produced
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Other essential oils Foliage may be steam distilled to
produce essential oils (e.g. cedar)
Yield about 1 % oils Used as perfume base, decongestant,
cough suppressant, miticide,
Contains thujone, camphor etc.
Other examples are eucalyptus oil,wintergreen, camphor, etc.
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Christmas trees, wreaths Trees may be harvested from forest orgrown specifically (pine, fir, spruce)
Wreaths made from tipping branchesfrom trees
Canada more than 4 million trees
($36M); Sweden 3 million, Austria134,000, Switzerland, 400,000
Wreaths a several $millions business in
New Brunswick, Canada
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Furs, pelts Historically important - beaver, mink,fox, wolf, otter, wolverine, weasel,
martin, bear, rabbit, muskrat, Seal, etc. USA: 5,800,000 pelts/a ($41 M)
Canada: 700,000 ($10 M)
Finland: 275,000 ($ 3.5 M) Switzerland: 30,000
Wild + farm raised
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Game Meat Deer, moose, caribou, elk, bear, rabbit,buffalo, boar, kangaroo, ostrich etc.
Sweden: US $ 100 million Austria: 28 million
Switzerland: 10 million
Canada/USA mainly for private use, notsale except farm raised
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Nuts
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BerriesSweden: US$ 22 million
Finland: $ 11 million
Czech Republic $20,000
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Fruits
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Coconut products
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MushroomsGrow wild or can be
cultivated (Oyster,
Shiitake, truffle, etc.)
Sweden: US $ 55 millionSwitzerland: 6 millionUSA: 41 million
Austria: 890,000Finland: 875,000Czech Republic: 25,000
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Shiitake mushroomGrow on logs and
branches (oak)
Can be grown on othermedia (hardwood)
Sterilize substrate then
inoculate with infected
grain
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Cultivated Oyster Mushrooms
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Bamboo
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Sympodial bamboo
Monopodial bamboo
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1. Bamboo culms:
Pulp and paper industry:
2.2 million ton ofbamboo are used in
India for this purpose.
Bamboo culms are widely used as araw
material for many applications:
Uses of bamboo:Uses of bamboo:
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Furniture:
an expandingbusiness. In thePhilippines, between1985-1994, exportsrose from $625,000 to
$1.2 million.
Flooring: bamboo flooringis as good as the flooring
made from hardwood interms of density,hardness, abrasion andcolor changes under UV-radiation.
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House: hundreds ofmillions of people
mainly the poor, livein houses made frombamboo.
Scaffolding: bambooscaffoldings are usedthroughout Asia.
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Plybamboo:
A substitute forplywood as aconstruction materialfor house
Charcoal:
barbeque
purifying water and air
adjusting moisturecontents
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Handicrafts:
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Household utensils:
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provide food formillions of peopleworldwide
are important exportproducts of some
producing countriesand regions, such asChina, Thailand andTaiwan.
2. Bamboo shoots
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Bamboo leaves
forage for pandaand livestock
extraction from
leaves, roots andculms can be usedto make medicine,beer, and vinegar.
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There are about 1,500 documented traditional uses:
over 20 differentmusical instruments bamboo skewer
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Medicinal Plants Tropical Forests a tremendous source India, South America, Africa, China
Finland: US $ 4 million Switzerland: $250,000
Canada/USA minor examples such as
Ginseng, Yew (Taxus)
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Herbal remedies/medicines
Echinacea
Garlic
St. Johns Wart
Finland: US $4 million
Switzerland: 250,000
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Cosmetics
Aloe vera
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Pyrethrum Used as insecticide
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Dyes
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Malaysia rubberindustry
Vast resources of
over maturerubberwood treespreviously burned
Research efforts
led to developmentof massiveindustry for solidwood (furniture)and composites
(MDF)
Example of changes:
Rubberwood to Oil Palm
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Latex
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Labour intensivecollection results
in conversion tooil palm
The industry is indanger of losing
the now valuableresource ofrubber wood
Malaysia:
Rubberwood to Oil Palm
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Oil Palm
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