node voltage,thevenin's theorem, ac fundamentals
TRANSCRIPT
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Welcome to the Presentation
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presentation topic :
>>Node voltage >>Norton Theorem >>Ac Fundamental
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Group members
Name ID
Bayezid Bostami 151-15-4681
Manisha Barman 151-15-4682
Ashaduzzaman kanon
131-15-2392
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>>Agenda:>>procedure of node voltage and explanation .>>procedure of Norton theorem and explanation .>>Ac Fundamental Basic.
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Nodal Analysis
Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node voltages as the circuit variables.
r e fe r e n c e n o d e
v 1v 2 v 3
R 2
R 1 R 3
R 4
I
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Steps to Determine Node Voltages:
1. Determine the number of nodes within the network.2. Pick a reference node, and label each remaining node with a subscript value of voltage: V1, V2, and so on.3. Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at each node except the reference. 4. Solve the resulting equation for the nodal voltages.
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Example Applying KCL at V1:
Applying KCL at V2
v1v2
1 0
5
2 0 4 A
2 A
2521
101
VVVEq 1
6205
212 VVV
Eq 2
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Nodal Analysis: Clearing Equations From Eq 1:
V1 + 2V1 – 2V2 = 20or
3V1 – 2V2 = 20From Eq 2:
4V2 – 4V1 + V2 = -120or
-4V1 + 5V2 = -120
Eq 3
Eq 4
Solution: V1 = -20 V, V2 = -40 V9
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Edward Lawry Norton was an accomplished Bell Labs engineer and scientist famous for developing the concept of the Norton equivalent circuit.
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NORTON’S THEOREM
Any two-terminal linear bilateral dc network can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a current source and a parallel resistor.
FIG. 2.1 Norton equivalent circuit.
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Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.2 Converting between Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits.
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Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.3 Fig:2.3.1 Identifying the terminals of particular importance when applying Thévenin’s theorem.
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Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.3.2 Determining RN for the network in Fig. 9.62.
RN= = =2 Ω
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Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.3.3 Determining IN for the network in Fig. 2.3.2
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Norton’s Theorem Procedure
FIG. 2.4 Substituting the Norton equivalent circuit for the network external to the resistor RL in Fig. 2.3.
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War of current
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Ac waveform:
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Peak: Maximum Positive or Negative Voltage
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Peak to Peak: 2 x peak value
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Period or Wavelength: length of one complete cycle
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General form of ac current or voltage
y = A sin (t )Here ,A = amplitude
= angular frequency
t = time y = instantaneous
value
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V = 15sin (t +50)I = 10sin (t -70)
50
15
70
10
V I
V leads I by 120
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Advantage :>>AC current can be transformed and DC current cannot be transformed. >>It can be controlled by a wide range of components e.g. resistors ,capacitors and inductors. >>This allows high-voltage electrical power to be distributed with smaller wires and lower amperage.
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Acknowledgement :S.M.Safayet UllahLecturerDepartment of Natural SciencesDaffodil International University
References:1.Introductory Circuit Analysis by Robert L. Boylesterd2.Fundemantal of Electric circuit by Alexander & sadiku.3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lawry_Norton.
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Thank you