noadswood science, 2014. to understand the flow procedure when writing programs thursday, january...
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Noadswood Science, 2014
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To understand the flow procedure when writing programs
Tuesday, April 11, 2023
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Input > Output
A program takes input (information in), processes it (or changes it) and then gives back the results (output)
Input > Processing > Output
Input (input command, keyboard, mouse) Processing (variables, mathematicise, loops, branches,
functions) Output (print command, screen, graphics)
Take a look at the script for the Ghost game previously written: identify the input, processing and output functions
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Ghosts
#Ghost Gamefrom random import randintprint('Ghost Game')feeling_brave = Truescore = 0 while feeling_brave: ghost_door = randint(1, 3) print('Three doors ahead...') print('A ghost behind one.') print('Which door do you open?') door = input ('1, 2, or 3?') door_num = int(door) if door_num ==ghost_door: print('GHOST!') feeling_brave = False else: print('No ghost!') print('You enter the next room.') score = score + 1print('Run away!')print('Game over! You scored' , score)input("\n\nPress the enter key to exit.")
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Ghosts
#Ghost Gamefrom random import randintprint('Ghost Game') Output > print is used to display informationfeeling_brave = Truescore = 0 Processing > variables keep track of the scorewhile feeling_brave: ghost_door = randint(1, 3) Processing > variables keep track of the score print('Three doors ahead...') print('A ghost behind one.') print('Which door do you open?') door = input ('1, 2, or 3?') Input > taken from the keyboard door_num = int(door) if door_num ==ghost_door: print('GHOST!') feeling_brave = False else: print('No ghost!') print('You enter the next room.') score = score + 1print('Run away!')print('Game over! You scored' , score)input("\n\nPress the enter key to exit.")
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Simple Commands
Here are some basic commands that will be useful when using Python…
Command Python
Run program “Run” menu
Stop program “CTRL-C” in shell
Text to screen print(‘Hello!’)
Set variable to number
magic_number = 123
Set variable to text string
word = ‘Noadswood’
Read text from keyboard into a variable
age = input(‘age?’)print(‘I am ‘ + age)
Command Python
Add a number to a variable
cats = cats + 1
Add a + 2
Subtract a - 2
Multiply a * 2
Divide a / 2
Forever loopwhile True: jump ()
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Simple Commands
Here are some basic commands that will be useful when using Python…
Command Python
Loop 10 timesfor i in range (10): jump ()
Is equal to? a == 2
Is less than? a < 2
Is more than? a > 2
NOT not
Command Python
OR or
AND and
If thenif a == 2: print(‘Hello!’)
If then else
if a == 2: print(‘Hello!’)Else print(‘Goodbye!’)
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More Complex Commands Here are some more complex commands
Command Python
Loops with conditions
while roll != 6: jump ()
Waitfrom time import sleepsleep(2)
Random numbersfrom random import randintroll = randint(1, 6)
Define a function or subprogram
def jump(): print(‘Jump!’)
Call a function or subprogram
jump()
Define a function or subprogram with input
def greet(who): print(‘Hello ‘ + who)
Command Python
Call a function or subprogram
greet(‘chicken’)
Join stringsprint(greeting + name)
Get one letter of a string
name[0]
Length of a string len(name)
Create an empty list menu = list()
Add an item to end of list
menu.append(thing)
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More Complex Commands Here are some more complex commands
Command Python
How many items on list?
len(menu)
Value of 5th item on list
menu[4]
Delete 2nd item on list
del menu[1]
Is item on a list?if ‘olives’ in menu: print(‘Oh no!’)
Command Python
Turtle graphics
from turtle import *clear()pendown()forward(100)right(90)penup()
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Code & Shell Windows
Within the IDE there are two windows to choose from: the code window (used to write and save programs) and the shell window (run the Python instructions)
*Programs must always be saved before they can be run
Enter a program into the code window, save it and run…
#Simple Matha = 10b = 4print(a + b)print(a - b)
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Simple Maths: Code
In the code window a simple code can be used to add or subtract some numbers
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Simple Maths: Shell
In the shell window the code is run, however Python can also understand commands that are typed within the shell window – they run as soon as they are typed
This features allows testing: it gives an immediate response…
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More Turtle
Run the turtle square program
#Turtle Squarefrom turtle import *forward(100)left(90)forward(100)left(90)forward(100)left(90)forward(100)left(90)
done() *add this new line to keep the screen open
Using this basic code see if you can get turtle to draw some other shapes (and with some other pen colours / pen sizes)…
Remember, save each new shape as something specific!
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Colour
Colour can be chosen before the line is drawn using the color command…
color(“red”) color(“blue”) Etc…
Make a multi-coloured square…
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Colour
#Turtle Squarefrom turtle import *color("red")forward(100)left(90)color("blue")forward(100)left(90)color("green")forward(100)left(90)color("yellow")forward(100)left(90)done()
This will change the colour of the pen before each forward move…
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Pensize
#Turtle Squarefrom turtle import *pensize(5)color("red")forward(100)left(90)color("blue")forward(100)left(90)color("green")forward(100)left(90)color("yellow")forward(100)left(90)done()
pensize(3) > this makes the pen thicker
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Turtle Triangle
Make turtle produce a triangle...
The turtle square program may help…
#Turtle Squarefrom turtle import *forward(100)left(90)forward(100)left(90)forward(100)left(90)forward(100)left(90)done()
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Turtle Triangle
For turtle triangle it is important to work out your angles!
#Turtle Trianglefrom turtle import *forward(50)left(120)forward(50)left(120)forward(50)done()
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Turtle Friends
Try and have two turtles!
You’ll need to assign them names using the command: name = Turtle()
See if you can have one draw a triangle then go to the side, followed by another starting in the same place drawing a square…
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Turtle Friends
#Turtle Trianglefrom turtle import *david = Turtle()david.color("lightgreen")david.pensize(5)steven = Turtle()steven.color("hotpink")steven.pensize(5)david.forward(80)david.left(120)david.forward(80)david.left(120)david.forward(80)david.left(120)david.right(180)david.forward(80)steven.forward(50)steven.left(90)steven.forward(50)steven.left(90)steven.forward(50)steven.left(90)steven.forward(50)steven.left(90)done()
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Turtle Shapes
See what other turtle shapes and designs you can make…