nmun booklet

7/28/2019 NMUN Booklet

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NMUN

NMUN

NUML-MODEL UNITEDNATIONSGUIDE BOOK

Pashmina Mughal[Pick the date]

National university of Modern Languages, Islamabad


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Preface2. About the United Nations3. Rules and Procedures4. Steps towards Model United Nations5. MUN- Code of Conduct6. MUN Vocabulary7.Appendices

a. Sample Position Paperb. Sample Draft Resolutionc. Online Resources

8. Contacts


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Preface

Degree alone is not indicative of a well-rounded graduate. Skills development through

extracurricular activities are usually embedded in academic programmes, to give students thebest chance to shape their future and to provide further development opportunities to

complement the academic curriculum. While recognizing the importance and value of bothacademic curriculum and co-curricular activities, the National University of Modern

Languages (NUML)Islamabad is planning to organize a Model United Nations (MUN)Conference which would contribute in developing the range of skills and attributes that are

important for graduates as a transformative experience in their future lives. Model UnitedNations has greatly matured and expanded. Model Uni ted Nations(also Model UNorMUN) is

an academic simulation of the United Nations that aims to educate participants about current

events, topics in international relations, diplomacy and the United Nations agenda. It provides a

platform to the youth to get together, share their knowledge, argue on most overwhelming

problems and come up with best possible solutions. It is a competition in which participants haveto simulate the United Nation and its committees while being the diplomats/ delegates of

particular country which is usually assigned by the host team. MUNs stimulate the youngstudents to navigate their talent and knowledge through public speaking, group communication,

research, policy analysis, active listening, negotiating, conflict resolution, note taking, and

technical writing and put them with the flavor of diplomacy to reach up to a consensuspeacefully. Model United Nations participants learn how the international community acts on its

concerns about topics including peace and security, human rights, the environment, food and

hunger, economic development, and globalization. Model United Nations delegates also look

closely at the needs, aspirations, and foreign policy of the countries they will represent at the

event.

Pashmina Mughal

Assisstant Pr ofessor-I R

Focal Person-NM UN
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations


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What is Model United Nations (MUN)?

Model United Nations- MUNs are vastly benefiting academic events for the youth on the

pattern of UN General Assembly talks and debates among the delegates from different

institutions with feeling the pressure and controlling emotions but to end diplomatically on a

positive high note. In Model United Nations, students step into the shoes of Ambassadors from

U.N. member states to debate current issues on the organization's vast agenda. Student called

"delegates" in Model United Nations prepare draft resolutions, plot strategies and negotiate with

supporters and adversaries, resolve conflicts, and intensely navigate the United Nations rules of

procedures, as applied in the respective United Nations bodies. The focus of all debates is in the

interest of mobilizing "international cooperation" to resolve problems. It provides a platform to

the youth to get together, share their knowledge, argue on most overwhelming problems and

come up with best possible solutions. It is a competition in which participants have to simulate

the United Nation and its committees while being the diplomats/ delegates of particular country

which is usually assigned by the host team. MUNs stimulate the young students to navigate their

talent and knowledge and put them with the flavor of diplomacy. The participants role-play as

diplomats representing a country or NGO in a simulated session of a committee of the United

Nations, such as the Security Council or the General Assembly. Participants research a country,

take on roles as diplomats, investigate international issues, debate, deliberate, consult, and then

develop solutions to world problems. It gave them an agenda to be followed that is,

Let Diplomacy be your argument.


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What is United Nations Organization (UNO)?

Established in 1945 after the end of the Second World War, the United Nations is the largest,

international organization with multidimensional tasks in the world. The two world wars and

their devastating consequences needed a platform for collective security and as a forum for

dialogue, maintenance of world peace, and development of social progress. The UN now has 193

member states representing the vast majority of the worlds population.

The United Nations is led by the Secretary General, who oversees the working of the entire

organization. There are five main principal organs of the United Nations system:

Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council International Court of Justice Secretariat Trusteeship Council


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In addition to these organs, there are numerous subsidiary organizations and committees that are

focused in specialized areas. The more popular of these include the UN Environment

Programme, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization, the

World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

Many MUN conferences are modeled after the United Nations system by offering committee

choice to the delegations that mimic those of the actual United Nations structure, procedure and

framework.

What are MUN Rules and Procedures?

Rules and procedures of Model United Nations are the way of conduct and formalities of United

Nations diplomatic sessions. All MUN delegates have to obey these Rules of Procedure, which

are a simplified version of those used in the real United Nations conferences. Model UN

Committees have lengthy agendas. To help maintain order, Model UN Conferences adopt rules

of procedure to establish when a delegate may speak and what he or she may address. Some

conferences adopt a few simple rules while others use lengthy and complex rules of procedure.

The sessions of the committees are led by Chairs and Co-Chairs.

At a Model UN conference, there is formal debate as well as informal debate,

calledcaucusing.

Formal Debate: During formal debate, the staff (Chair, Co-Chair) maintains a speakers list and

delegates speak in the order they are listed. At this time, delegates have an opportunity to share

their views with the entire Committee. Delegates make speeches, answer questions and introduce

and debate resolutions and amendments. Formal debate is important to the Committee's

work/session.

Moderated Caucus: During a caucus, which is a temporary recess, the rules of procedure are

suspended. To go to a moderated caucus, a delegate makes a motion to suspend debate and the

committee votes. Caucusing helps to facilitate discussion, especially when there is a long

speakers list. A moderated caucus is a mixture of both formal and informal debates. Anyone may

speak if they raise their placard and are called on by the Chair.
http://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/caucusinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/caucusinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/caucusinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/public-speakinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/resolutionshttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/resolutionshttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/public-speakinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/caucusing


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Unmoderated Caucus: In an unmoderated caucus, delegates meet informally with one another

and the committee staff to discuss and negotiate draft resolutions, amendments and other issues.

Position Paper: A position paperis an essay that is written by participants of some models. It

describes the detailed position of a certain country on a topic or issue that the writer will debate

in his or her committee. It is also known as the (Foreign) Policy Statement. Conferences have

different format and styles for position papers. Most position papers consist of a heading with

Committee, topic, country and delegate information and body which explains in detail the

position of the author's country. The position paper usually includes several pages outlining:

1. Background of the Topic2. UN Involvement3. Country's Position4. Possible Solution

The Speaker List: The Speakers List determines the order in which delegates address the

committee. The dais calls on delegates to speak according to the order of the list for a set

speaking time (usually one to two minutes). When the Speakers List is first opened, one may add

oneself to the list by raising the placard. During debate, you may add yourself by sending a note

up to the dais. Each country may only appear on the Speakers List once.

Things to Care about:

Avoid using personal pronouns when making a formal address. Dont say things like Ibelieve... or I urge you... Instead, you should use phrases like Italy believes... or

The Delegation of China urges that this Committee... you are here to represent your

countrys views, not your own.

You will have a strict time limit for speaking. The Chair may or may not warn you ofwhen your time is coming to an end. Try to keep track of the time limit and pace yourself

wisely.

If you finish your speech before your time limit is up, you have the opportunity to yieldthe remainder of your time in three ways:

Yield to Another Delegate: You may give the remainder of your valuablespeaking time to another delegate. This can be useful if you have an ally
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_paperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_paper


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Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus: If you want to have an unmoderated cacusyou must specify the duration of the unmoderated caucus when raising this

motion.

Motion for a Moderated Caucus: You must specify the topic, duration, andspeaking time for the caucus when raising this motion.

Resolutions: A resolution is a formal document that reflects the decisions and future direction of topics

within a committee. The main goal of each committee is to successfullypass or agree well-written

and useful resolutions. After a topic has beenbrought up, discussed, and examined extensively, it

may be timeto work on a resolution to compile the committees thoughtsand suggested courses

of action. A resolution paper passes through following stages:

Working PapersEach resolution starts out as a working paper. There is no specificguideline as to how a working paper should be written. The idea behind a working paper

is to express and summarizekey points for discussion. The format is less important than

the content. Once you have completed a working paper, you may submit it to the

Director for approval. When approved, it will be distributed to all members of the

Committee for further discussion.

Draft Resolutions:Once a working paper has been introduced to the Committee,discussed among the delegates, and examined in detail, its the time to write a draft

resolution. This document should sum up the key ideas and recommendations discussedin the working paper and by the Committee. Draft resolutions must be written in proper

resolution format. The draft resolution needs to be approved by the Chair.

Passing a Resolu tion:After your draft resolution has been approved by the Chair, itneeds to be formally introduced to the Committee with a motion (usually done by a

sponsor). The sponsor/sponsors is/are required to read aloud the document to the

committee for deliberation. After it has been introduced, a question and answer session

may be motioned for. Here, sponsors will answer any questions the Committee might

propose. After this, debate will resume on the contents of the resolution. During this

stage, changes may be proposed and passed in what are known as amendments. There are

two types of amendments:

o Friendly: When a proposed change is supported by all sponsors of the resolution,it is a friendly amendment. The change is made without a vote of the committee.


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o Unfriendly: When a proposed change is not supported by all the sponsors of theresolution, it is known as an unfriendly amendment. These must be submitted in

writing to the Chair with the signatures of one-fifth of the delegates present.

Unfriendly amendments are voted upon by the entire committee before the vote

on the resolution.

What are the Steps to participate in MUN?

Research: The first step to participate in Model UN preparation is research. The participants

needed a thorough research and various resources for gathering information on their

allotted country and its positions, the topics to be discussed at the conference, and the UN

system.

Country Assignment: After registration to MUN, the delegation is assigned a country. The

participants must be equipped with all the information and policy objectives of their allotted

countries in order to best represent the foreign policy of relevant country. The delegates must be

clear about the profile, facts and general knowledge about the country and should have a proper

understanding of political, social, economic, strategic and cultural orientation of their allotted

countries.

Position Paper: Position paper is a written document by the delegates containing the

background and current status of issues being discussed in the sessions from their respective

countries perspective. It allows the participant to explain their country's position on an issue and

to provide ideas on how the Committee should address the issue.

Public Speaking: Public speaking is one of the most important skills that a participant will need

as a Model UN delegate. Usually, English is an official language of Model UN Conferences. The

delegate should have fluency as well as clarity of the language during all the UN proceedings.

The delegates need to be vigilant of his/her speaking, statements and views and must be efficient

to respond to the opponents in very diplomatic manners.

Caucusing: Caucusing, or informal negotiation, is one of the most significant parts of a Model

UN Conference. Much of the problem-solving, collaboration and compromising happens in these

important sessions. Many delegates prefer to speak during a moderated caucus rather than being

placed on the Speaker's list. In a moderated caucus, speakers are usually able to convey one or
http://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/country-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/topic-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/un-system-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/un-system-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/un-system-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/un-system-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/topic-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/country-research


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two key points to the entire Committee or share new ideas that have developed through the

course of debate.Writing Resolutions: The final results of discussion, writing and negotiation are resolutions

written suggestions for addressing a specific problem or issue. Resolutions, which are drafted bydelegates and voted on by the Committee, normally require a simple majority to pass (except in

the Security Council).

What is the Code of Conduct in MUN?

Rules: The rules are not subject to change. Language: English shall be the working language of the General Assembly and

Committee Sessions.

Courtesy: All delegates must show courtesy and respect to the Secretary General,President of the General Assembly, Committee Staff, Advisors and fellow delegates.

o The Secretary-General must be addressed as Madame or Mr. Secretary-General; o The President of the General Assembly must be addressed as Madame or Mr.

President.

o The Committee Chairperson must be addressed as Madame/Mr. Chairperson.o Fellow delegates must be referred to as Madame/Mister Delegate or the

Honorable Delegate from.

o All speeches in the General-Assembly must begin Madame Secretary-General,Madame President

o All speeches in Committee Session must begin Madame / Mr. Chairperson Quorum: The President of the General Assembly or the Committee Chairperson may

declare the General Assembly or Committee Session open when at least 1/4 of its

members are present. A member is a state which is officially registered at the Conference. Quorum is necessary for any vote to be taken. Agenda- The order in which the issues shall be debated and which the resolution shall be

introduced is at the discretion of the President/Chairperson.


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Parliamentary Procedure:

Point of Order: During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may rise on a Point ofOrder to complain about departure from parliamentary procedure (i.e. these rules).

This point may interrupt a speaker. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry: When the floor is open, a delegate may rise on a Point

of Parliamentary Inquiry to ask the President/Chairperson a question about the rules of

procedure.

This point may NOT interrupt a Speaker. Right of Reply If a delegate feels that her/his personal or national integrity has been

injured, she/he may rise on a Right of Reply.

The Presidents/Chairpersons decision whether or not to grant the Right of Reply is finaland not open to appeal.

A delegate may not reply to a Right of Reply. A request for a Right of Reply may interrupt a Speaker. However, the reply shall not be

granted until the conclusion of the speech presently being made. The reply shall be

limited to one (1) minute only.

Debates and Speeches:

Debate: In both the General Assembly and the Committee Session, a Speakers list will becreated for the purpose of general debate.

Once a resolution is introduced, it will remain on the floor until it passes, fails or ispostponed.

Speeches: No delegate may address the General Assembly or the Committee Sessionwithout first having obtained the permission of the President/Chairperson.

Permission may be obtained by raising ones placard or sending the name of ones stateto the President/Chairperson.

A time limit of three (3) minutes applies to all speeches in the General Assembly andCommittee Sessions. This limit is debatable and a motion to change it shall be entertained

at the Presidents/Chairpersons discretion.

Moderated Debate: While in Committee Session, a motion to enter into ModeratedDebate shall be in order.


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While in Moderated Debate, discussion continues to be controlled by the Chairperson,but the procedures are more relaxed.

Amendments: Delegates may amend any resolution which has been introduced. Prior to being introduced, amendments must be approved by the President/Chairperson.

Voting:

Voting: Each Member State of the United Nations shall have one vote. States withObserver Status are not permitted to vote.

Each state may vote yes, no or abstain. On procedural matters, members may not abstain. Resolutions require a majority (50% + 1) to pass. Amendments require a 2/3rd majority

to pass.

Voting shall be conducted by placard.Procedural Issues:

Closure of Debate: When the floor is open, a delegate may move to close debate on thematter being discussed.

The President/Chairperson may choose not to accept this motion. The President/Chairperson shall allow up to two (2) Speakers against this motion. There

shall be no Speakers in favor. If Closure of Debate passes, the General Assembly/Committee Session shall move into

immediate voting on the resolution or amendment being discussed. AdjournmentWhile in the General Assembly, and when the floor is open, any

delegate may move to adjourn the conference. The President may choose not to accept this motion


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MUN Vocabulary

Abstain. During a vote on a substantive

matter, delegates may abstain rather than

vote yes or no. This generally signals that a

state does not support the resolution beingvoted on, but does not oppose it enough to

vote no. Frequently abstaining is banned in

Model UN sessions for minor substantive

matters, such as amendments or

amendments to the 2nd degree, in order to

force progress in a resolution.

Adjourn. All UN or Model UN sessions end

with a vote to adjourn. This means that the

debate is suspended until the next meeting.

This can be a short time (e.g., overnight) or

a long time (until next year's conference).

Agenda. The order in which the issues

before a Committee will be discussed. The

first duty of a Committee following the roll

call is usually to set the agenda.

Amendment. A change to a draft resolution

on the floor. Can be of two types: a "friendly

amendment" is supported by the original

draft resolution's sponsors, and is passed

automatically, while an "unfriendlyamendment" is not supported by the original

sponsors and must be voted on by the

Committee as a whole.

Amendment to the 2nd Degree. A change

to the draft amendment on the floor. Can

also be either a "friendly" or an "unfriendly"

amendment. In some formats of debate,

passing the amendment to the 2nd degree is

equivalent to passing the original

amendment; in others it merely means

debate continues on the now altered

amendment. In the Security Council

amendments can be permitted to multiple

degrees in order to allow an amendment to

be designed to be acceptable to all countries.

Background guide. A guide to a topic being

discussed in a Model UN Committee usually

written by conference organizers and

distributed to delegates before the

conference. The starting point for any

research before a Model UN conference.

Binding. Having legal force in UN member

states. Security Council resolutions are

binding, as are decisions of the International

Court of Justice; resolutions of the General

Assembly and Economic and Social Council

are not.

Bloc. A group of countries in a similar

geographical region or with a similar

opinion on a particular topic.

Caucus. A break in formal debate in which

countries can more easily and informally

discuss a topic. There are two types:

moderated caucus and unmoderated caucus.

Chair. A member of the dais that moderates

debate, keeps time, rules on points and

motions, and enforces the rules of

procedure. Also known as a Moderator.

Committee. Participants choose to be in

different committees, and discuss with

others on topics related to the Committee.

For example, 'Economics and Social'committee will debate the question of

'Refugee Crisis'.

Decorum. The order and respect for others

that all delegates at a Model UN conference

must exhibit. The Chair will call for

decorum when he or she feels that the

Committee is not being respectful of a

speaker, of the dais, or of their roles as

ambassadors.

Delegate. A participant acting as arepresentative of a member state or observer

during a Model UN conference.

Delegation. The entire group of people

representing a member state or observer in

all committees at a particular Model UN

conference.


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Director. A member of the dais that

oversees the creation of working papers and

draft resolutions, acts as an expert on the

topic, makes sure delegates accurately

reflect the policy of their countries, and

ensures that decorum is maintained duringcaucuses.

Division of the question. During voting

bloc, delegates may motion to vote on

certain clauses of a resolution separately, so

that only the clauses that are passed become

part of the final resolution. This is known as

division of the question.

Draft resolution. A document that seeks to

fix the problems addressed by a Model UN

Committee. If passed by the committee, thedraft resolution will become a resolution.

Faculty adviser. The faculty member in

charge of a Model UN team, class or club.

Flow of debate. The order in which events

proceed during a Model UN conference. See

Flow of Debate chart.

Gavel. The tool, shaped like a small wooden

hammer, that the Chair uses to keep order

within a Model UN Committee. Manyconferences give the gavel used in a

Committee to the delegate recognized by the

dais as the best in that Committee; therefore,

the term is frequently used to refer to the

award given to the best delegate, even in

cases where no actual gavel is given.

Formal debate. The "standard" type of

debate at a Model UN conference, in which

delegates speak for a certain time in an order

based on a speakers' list.Head delegate/ambassador. The student

leader of a Model UN club or team.

Responsible for ceremonial actions required

of the delegation at a conference or

answering specific questioning, such as in

the Security Council.

Member state. A country that has ratified

the Charter of the United Nations and whose

application to join has been accepted by the

General Assembly and Security Council.

Currently, there are 193 member states. The

only internationally recognized state that isnot a member state is the Holy See.

Moderated caucus. A type of caucus in

which delegates remain seated and the Chair

calls on them one at a time to speak for a

short period of time, enabling a freer

exchange of opinions than would be possible

in formal debate.

Moderator. See Chair.

Motion.A request made by a delegate that

the Committee as a whole do something.

Some motions might be to go into a caucus,

to adjourn, to introduce a draft resolution, or

to move into voting bloc. See our Charts of

Rules and Motions.

Observer. A state, national organization,

regional organization, or non-governmental

organization that is not a member of the UN

but participates in its debates. Observers can

vote on procedural matters but not

substantive matters. Examples are the Holy

See and the State of Palestine.

On the floor. At a Model UN conference,

when a working paper or draft resolution is

first written, it may not be discussed in

debate. After it is approved by the Director

and introduced by the Committee, it is put

"on the floor" and may be discussed.

Operative clause. The part of a resolution

which describes how the UN will address aproblem. It begins with an action verb

(decides, establishes, recommends, etc.).

Page. A delegate in a Model UN Committee

that has volunteered to pass notes from one

delegate to another, or from a delegate to the

dais, for a short period of time.


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Placard. A piece of cardstock with a

country's name on it that a delegate raises in

the air to signal to the Chair that he or she

wishes to speak.

Point. A request raised by a delegate for

information or for an action relating to that

delegate. Examples include a point of order,

a point of inquiry, and a point of personal

privilege. See our Charts of Rules and

Motions.

Position paper. A summary of a country's

position on a topic, written by a delegate

before a Model UN conference.

Preambulatory clause. The part of a

resolution that describes previous actions

taken on the topic and reasons why the

resolution is necessary. It begins with a

participle or adjective (noting, concerned,

regretting, aware of, recalling, etc.).

Procedural. Having to do with the way a

Committee is run, as opposed to the topic

being discussed. All delegates present must

vote on procedural matters and may not

abstain.

Quorum. The minimum number ofdelegates needed to be present for a

Committee to meet. In the General

Assembly, a quorum consists of one third of

the members to begin debate, and a majority

of members to pass a resolution. In the

Security Council, no quorum exists for the

body to debate, but nine members must be

present to pass a resolution.

Rapporteur. A member of the dais whose

duties include keeping the speakers' list andtaking the roll call.

Resolution. A document that has been

passed by an organ of the UN that aims to

address a particular problem or issue. The

UN equivalent of a law.

Right of reply. A right to speak in reply to a

previous speaker's comment, invoked when

a delegate feels personally insulted by

another delegate's speech. Generally

requires a written note to the Chair to be

invoked.

Roll call. The first order of business in a

Model UN Committee, during which the

Rapporteur reads aloud the names of each

member state in the Committee. When a

delegate's country's name is called, he or she

may respond "present" or "present and

voting." A delegate responding "present and

voting" may not abstain on a substantive

vote.

Rules of procedure. The rules by which aModel UN committee is run. See our Charts

of Rules and Motions.

Second. To agree with a motion being

proposed. Many motions must be seconded

before they can be brought to a vote.

Secretariat. The most senior staff of a

Model UN conference.

Secretary-General. The leader of a Model

UN conference.Signatory. A country that wishes a draft

resolution to be put on the floor and signs

the draft resolution to accomplish this. A

signatory need not support a resolution; it

only wants it to be discussed. Usually,

Model UN conferences require some

minimum number of sponsors and

signatories for a draft resolution to be

approved.

Simple majority. 50% plus one of thenumber of delegates in a Committee. The

amount needed to pass most votes.

Speakers' list. A list that determines the

order in which delegates will speak.

Whenever a new topic is opened for

discussion, the Chair will create a speakers'


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list by asking all delegates wishing to speak

to raise their placards and calling on them

one at a time. During debate, a delegate may

indicate that he or she wishes to be added to

the speakers' list by sending a note to the

dais.

Sponsor. One of the writers of a draft

resolution. A friendly amendment can only

be created if all sponsors agree.

Substantive. Having to do with the topic

being discussed. A substantive vote is a vote

on a draft resolution or amendment already

on the floor during voting bloc. Only

member states (not observer states or non-

governmental organizations) may vote on

substantive issues.

Unmoderated caucus. A type of caucus in

which delegates leave their seats to mingle

and speak freely. Enables the free sharing of

ideas to an extent not possible in formal

debate or even a moderated caucus.

Frequently used to sort countries into blocs

and to write working papers and draft

resolutions.

Veto. The ability, held by China, France, the

Russian Federation, the United Kingdom,

and the United States to prevent any draft

resolution in the Security Council from

passing by voting no.

Vote. A time at which delegates indicate

whether they do or do not support a

proposed action for the Committee. There

are two types: procedural and substantive.

Voting bloc. The period at the end of a

committee session during which delegates

vote on proposed amendments and draft

resolutions. Nobody may enter or leave the

room during voting bloc.

Working paper.A document in which the

ideas of some delegates on how to resolve

an issue are proposed. Frequently the

precursor to a draft resolution.

Yielding. The movement that delegate A,

who is standing at the front, make to pass

the right of front speaking to delegate B who

agrees with the idea offered previously by

delegate A and will keep extend the idea to

gain more votes from the floor. It is

moderated by chairs.


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Appendix- a

Sample Position Paper

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Conference: Women Model Uni ted Nati ons 2012

Committee: Uni ted Nations Human Rights Commission-UNHCR

Topic: Women Employment i n Developing Countr ies

Country: Russia

Delegate: Kli Zahra

The Russian Federation appreciates the committee for taking up an important topic for discussion.Women employment is a serious subject that needs sole attention. Worldwide, women constitute 43% of

the agricultural workforce, over 70% in some countries and often run small businesses, dedicating up toall their income on providing for their families.

The Russian legislation provides privileges and guarantees for women. First, the Labor Code whichagrees with the international documents concerning legal regulation of night work and over time bywomen, which pregnant women are not supposed to perform. As the code says "requesting overtime

work from invalids and women who have children below the age of three is allowed only with theirwritten consent." They have even been guaranteed other benefits regarding their jobs.

In Russian federation women have always been on a better seat and have taken some influential positionsin the executive branch. One post of Minister of Social Protection in cabinet has become a "traditional"

women's position; in 1994. Prior to the 1995 elections, women held about 10 percent of the seats inParliament: fifty-seven of 450 seats in the State (Duma) and nine of 178 seats in the upper house of

parliament, the Federation Council. So is the case with the Russian politics, the most prominentmaterialization of women's political success has been the Women of Russia party which won 11 percent

of the vote and twenty-five seats in the 1993 national parliamentary elections and had its say against themilitary campaign in Chechnya, in 1994.

The Federal Employment Service and the Moscow Department of Work and Employment sponsoroccasional seminars and training projects for women and the disabled. By the end of 1992, in joint

seminars with Union of Women of Russia, 15,000 women had been assisted and a retraining program hadtrained 603 women for new professions in accounting, massage therapy, hairdressing, tailoring, and child-

care."

In Russia, 63% of women have jobs. This is more than the OECD average of 59% but less than the

72% employment rate of men in Russia. This 9% difference is lower than the OECD average of 13%

and suggests Russia could further improve employment opportunities for women but has generally beensuccessful in addressing the constraints and barriers women face accessing work.

Russia suggests in the honourable Committee that to counter the problem of inequality in wages

and unemployment of women in the Third world countries, there should be:


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An open competition rule in every state for every administrative and other posts, so thatwomen can come ahead by merit and no discrimination occurs.

Since the jobs like maternity are regarding women and they can understand them betterso such posts should be limited to only women.

Strict laws of equality and women employment should be provided in every stateslegislation.

There should be more skilful trainings of women regarding every post, so they cancompete on merit


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Appendix- b

SAMPLE RESOLUTION

Preambulatory Clauses

Separate Preambulatory Clauses withcommas

Underline (italicize) initiating phrases

Indent 5 spaces

Operative clauses

Number Operative clauses

Use a semicolon to separate operativeclauses

The General Assembly

Recallingits resolution 22/18 k of 24January 1979 and 34/931 L of 12 December1974, as well as Economic and Social Counciresolution 1990/50 of 23 July 1980,

Reaffirmingonce again the specialresponsibility of the United Nations and theinternational community towards the oppress

people of South Africa and their nationalliberation movement,

Notingthe great advance of the movemeagainst apartheid and for initiating phrasesnational liberation and the rise in politicalconsciousness of the oppressed people of So

Africa,

Condemningthe violence and repression

the apartheid regime against all opponents ofapartheid,

Recognizingthe need for increasedhumanitarian and educational assistance to thoppressed people of South Africa as well asdirect assistance to the liberation movementstheir legitimate struggle,

1. Appealsto all States to provide

humanitarian, educational, financial, and othenecessary assistance to the oppressed people South Africa and their national liberationmovement;

2. Urgesthe United Nations DevelopmProgram and other agencies within the United


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Use a period to end aresolution

Nations to expand their assistance to theoppressed people of South Africa and the So

African liberation movements recognized by Organization of African Unity, in consultatio

with the Special Committee Against Aparthei

3. Urgesall agencies within the UnitedNations system to ensure the participation ofSouth African liberation movements recognizby the Organization of African Unity in theirrelevant conferences and meetings, and toprovide financial assistance for that purpose;

4. Decidesto continue the authorizati

of adequate financial provisions in that budgethe United Nations to enable the South Africliberation movements recognized by theOrganization of African Unity - The AfricanNational Congress of South Africa and the P

A Africanist Congress of Azania - to maintainoffices in New York in order to participateeffectively in the deliberations of the SpecialCommittee and other appropriate bodies.


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Appendix- c

Online Resources

Guide Lines to MUNBattlefield Earth,Alnawaz Jiwahttp://www.vmun.com/documents/documents_model_un_guides.html

Guide to WorldMUN, World Model United Nations

http://www.worldmun.org/page/guide-to-model-UN

Model United Nations Headquarters, United Nations

Cyberschoolbus

http://cyberschoolbus.un.org/modelun/over.html

Model United Nations Preparation Guide, UNAUSAhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-toparticipate/model-un-preparation

UNITED NATIONS RESOURCES

Security Council Resolutions Database

Online access to every resolution passed by the United Nations

Security Councilhttp://www.un.org/documents/scres.htm

General Assembly Resolutions DatabaseOnline access to every resolution passed by the General Assembly

http://www.un.org/documents/resga.htm

United Nations Bibliographic Information SystemA wealth of information can be found here, including historical voting

records and transcripts of speeches

http://unbisnet.un.org/

United Nations Documentation: Research Guide

Learn how to navigate through the extensive United Nations

Documentation databasehttp://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/

Member States of the United Nationshttp://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml

RESEARCH RESOURCES


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CIA World FactbookThe bread and butter of country research - start with this site!

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

Info please: Countries of the World

User friendly historical backgrounds on most countrieshttp://www.infoplease.com/countries.html

NEWS & MEDIA

Africa News (Africa)

http://www.africanews.com/

Al-Jazeera (Middle East)

http://aljazeera.com/

Asia News Network(Asia)http://www.asianewsnet.net/

Associated Press (United States)http://www.ap.org/

BBC News (Great Britain)http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/

CBC News (Canada)

http://www.cbc.ca/

China.org.cn (Government of China)

http://www.china.org.cn/

CNN News (United States)

http://www.cnn.com/

Latin American and Mexican News Directory (Latin America)

http://libguides.utsa.edu/latamnews


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For further details Contact: Ms. Pashmina Mughal

Assistant Professor, International Relations, Conflict and Peace Studies

Focal Person- NUMLMUN

Office: +9251-9257646-50 Ext: 260Email:[email protected]

Mr. Arshad MehmoodAssistant Professor, English-GS, NUML, Islamabad

Member- NUMLMUN

Office: +9251-9257646-50 Ext:

Cell: +92333-5160621

Email:[email protected]

Mr. Taj MuhammadDirector Student Affairs

Member- NUMLMUN

Office: +9251-9257646-50 Ext: 336

Cell: +92334-8511688

Email:[email protected]

Website:www.numl.edu.org.pk
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.numl.edu.org.pk/http://www.numl.edu.org.pk/http://www.numl.edu.org.pk/http://www.numl.edu.org.pk/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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