nmrp annual report 2009-10

ANNUAL REPORT 2066/67 (2009/10)

Nepal Agriculture Research Council

National Maize Research Program Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

© National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal,

2010

National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan,

Phone: +977-56-591001, Fax: +977-56-592548

Mobile No: 9851074849

Email: [email protected]

Chief Editor: Dr. Dil Bahadur Gurung

Editors: Mr. Jiban Shrestha

Mr. Ishwari Prasad Upadhyay

Mr. Mahendra Prasad Tripathi

Citation: NMRP, 2010. Annual Report 2066/067. National Maize

Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

Cover page designed by: Mr. Ghanashyam Bhandari

mailto:[email protected]

Foreword

It is my pleasure to present a brief overview of research and production activities carried out

by the National Maize Research Program (NMRP) during the fiscal year 2066/067 (2009/10)

through this Annual Report. The main purpose of the publication is to share the research

findings with researchers, development partners as well as other stakeholders, who are

directly or indirectly involved in agricultural research and development in Nepal. The

NMRP is mandated to develop appropriate technologies on maize and maize based cropping

systems in Nepal for improving the livelihoods of the rural farming communities. A number

of agricultural research stations located in different production environments, District

Agricultural Development Offices (DADOs), I/NGOs and farmers’ groups/organizations

have been involved in the development of maize and maize based technologies and rolling

out the developed technologies into farming communities. Development of open pollinated

varieties (OPVs), conventional and non- conventional hybrids suitable for different maize

production environments is the major focus area of NMRP. The challenge ahead us is how

best we could meet the national requirements of maize seed and grain. By enhancing

availability and accessibility of quality seed, production and productivity of maize will be

increased that ultimately makes the nation self-dependent on food and feed.

Commercialization of maize farming is another important priority area for making maize

farming more prestigious and remunerative business, which will ultimately lead the country

towards self-sufficiency in seed, food, feed, and energy.

After three decades of endeavors, we have now developed a new working mechanism by

which 21 OPVs, 1 hybrid and 1 QPM varieties have been released. A number of improved

crop management technologies for maize based cropping systems have also been made

available to the farmers. We are always looking for new innovations in our day to day

activities. We have also tried to highlight particular challenges, opportunities and successes

in this report.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Executive Director, Dr. B. Mishra, for his

guidance and support to improve the quality of maize research. Director for Crops and

Horticulture Research, Dr. N. P. Adhikari, Director for Planning and Coordination, Mr. D.

Pariyar, Director for Administration, Dr. R.B. Prasad, Director for Finance Mr. N.K. Yadav

and Director for Livestock and fisheries Dr. T.B. Gurung are thankful for providing

technical guidance and support to improve the overall performance of maize research

program. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation is duly acknowledged for funding

the maize research and production programs through the Hill Maize Research Project

(HMRP), which is being implemented in mid hills of Nepal. I would also like to thank the

HMRP and Cereal Systems Initiatives for South Asia (CSISA) for technical and logistic

supports. My heartfelt appreciations are to collaborators and disseminating partners;

Agricultural Research Stations (ARSs), DADOs, CBOs, NGO/INGO and farmers for their

active participation and cooperation while conducting the research and seed production

activities across the country. My Special thanks go to the scientists and technical officers for

their meticulous works in conducting the number of field experiments, analyzing data, and

preparing reports. I would also like to thank all the technical, administrative and financial

staffs of the NMRP for their hard works and untiring efforts in accomplishing the maize

research and production activities.

Finally, I request the readers for their positive comments and valuable suggestions for

further improving the quality of our works in the future and to convert it into an instrument

of active communication with all the concerned stakeholders.

………………………….

Dil Bahadur Gurung, Ph.D.

National Maize Coordinator

National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content Page

Foreword

Table of contents

List of tables

List of figures

List of annexes

Acronyms

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Executive Summary

1 Background Information

2 Status of maize production in Nepal

3 PLANT BREEDING

3.1 Research activities on maize hybrid development

3.1.1 CIMMYT Hybrid Trials

3.1.1.1 CIMMYT Hybrid trial (CASCALYQ0915)

3.1.1.2 CIMMYT Hybrid trial (CASCAEY0917)

3.1.2 NMRP Hybrid trials

3.1.2.1 Coordinated Varietal Trial on hybrid (CVTH-1)

3.1.2.2 Coordinated varietal Trial on hybrid (CVTH-2)

3.1.2.3 Test cross hybrid-1




3.1.3 Evaluation of multinational company’s maize Hybrids

3.2 Improvement work on pre-released and pipeline maize varieties for

mid hills

3.3 Maize open pollinated variety development for hills

3.3.1 Intermediate Yield Trial (IYT)

3.3.1.1 IYT Early set for hills

3.3.1.2 IYT Full season set for hills

3.3.1.3 IYT QPM set for hills

3.3.2 Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT)

3.3.2.1 CVT Early for hills

3.3.2.2 CVT Full season for hills

3.3.2.3 CVT QPM for hills

3.3.3 Coordinated Farmer's Field Trial (CFFT)

3.3.3.1 CFFT Early set for hills

3.3.3.2 CFFT Full season for hills

3.3.3.3 CFFT QPM for hills

3.4 Maize OPVs (early, full season and QPM) Development for Terai Inner

Terai and Foot hill valley

3.4.1 IYT Terai Set


3.4.3 CVT QPM

3.4.4 IYT Early set

3.4.5 CVT Early set

3.5 Agro-morphological characterization of maize inbred lines

3.6 Performance of promising maize hybrids and OPVs in FLD

3.7 Development, maintenance and evaluation of maize inbred lines

3.8 Performance of maize genotypes under heat stress screening trials

4 AGRONOMY

4.1 Seed production and distribution of maize and other crops

4.2 Response of promising maize hybrids to different population levels at

NMRP during summer season of 2066

4.3 Response of promising maize inbreds to different nitrogen levels at


4.4 Response of promising maize OPVs to different population levels, at


4.5 Participatory Technology Development and Dissemination Support for

HMRP R & D Partners

5 SOIL SCIENCE

5.1 Effects of manures and fertilizers on different maize genotypes

5.2 Effects of different rates of nitrogen and plant densities on hybrid maize

5.3 Effects of micronutrients on maize production

6 ENTOMOLOGY

6.1 Relative susceptibility of maize genotypes to Maize Stem Borer, Chilo

partellus Swinhoe in field

6.2 Management of maize stem borer through conventional insecticides

6.2 Management of maize stem borer through conventional insecticides

6.3 Storage pest management in maize

6.3 Storage pest management in maize

7 PLANT PATHOLOGY

7.1 Screening of maize genotypes against Southern leaf blight 2009, summer

7.2 Screening of OPVs, and Synthetic varieties against Northern leaf blight

7.3 Evaluation of maize genotypes for resistance against ear rot and BLSB

8 AGRI-ENGINEERING AND POSTHARVEST RESEARCH

8.1 Evaluation of some resource conservation technologies for maize

8.2 Storability of lentil seed in locally available storage structures under

ambient condition

8.3 Evaluation of different non-chemical grain protectants for lentil seeds

9 OUTREACH RESEARCH

9.1 Outreach research activities of NMRP

9.1.1 Maize

9.1.1.1 FFT-Full Season Set

9.1.1.2 FFT Early set

9.1.2 Rice

9.1.2.1 Rice RFFT-Normal set

9.1.2.2 Rice CFFT-Rainfed lowland early set

9.1.2.3 CFFT-Normal set

9.1.2.4 CFFT-Fine and Aromatic Rice (FAR)

9.1.2.5 Farmer’s Acceptance Test (FAT)

9.1.3 Wheat

9.1.3.1 Regional Farmers Field Trial (RFFT)

9.1.3.2 Coordinated Farmer’s Field Trial (CFFT)

9.1.3.3 Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) on wheat

9.1.3.4 Farmer’s acceptance test on wheat

9.2 Station support to out-reach research program

9.2.1 Joint monitoring tour/farmers visit at OR sites

9.2.2 Farmer's training on maize production and DSR

9.2.3 Village level planning/Research planning workshop/

9.2.4 Participation in the Ratnanagar Mahotsav

9.3 Research highlights on collaborative experiments

9.3.1 Rice

9.3.1.1 CVT- Normal set

9.3.1.2 CVT-Fine and Aromatic Rice

9.3.1.3 CVT-Rainfed lowland early set rice

9.3.1.4 Evaluation of Chinese Hybrids

9.3.2 Wheat

9.3.2.1 25th Nepal rainfed nursery

9.3.2.2 Initial Evaluation Trial (IET)

9.3.2.3 Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT)

9.3.2.4 Wheat Varietal Display (WVD)

9.3.2.5 Wheat Climate Change Adaptation Trial (WCCAT-I)

9.3.2.6 Wheat Climate Change Adaptation Trial (WCCAT-II)

9.3.2.7 First CSISA spot blotch experiment on wheat

9.4 Determination of heterotic groups of Nepalese maize inbred lines

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Monthly mean meteorological data of last ten years (2000 - 2010)

2 Maize production statistics of Nepal in 2008/09

3 Performance of CIMMYT Hybrids (CASCALYQ0915) at NMRP, Rampur

in winter 2009

4 Performance of CIMMYT (CASCAEY0917) hybrids at ARS, Belachhapi

in winter 2009

5 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of Coordinated Varietal Trial on

Hybrid-1 (CVTH-1) at NMRP, Rampur in winter 2009/10

6 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of hybrid maize under coordinated

varietal trial on hybrid-2 (CVTH-2) at NMRP, Rampur in winter 2009/10

7 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of hybrid maize under coordinated

varietal trial on hybrid-2 (CVTH-2) at ARS, Belachhapi in winter 2009/10

8 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of Test Cross Hybrid-1 at NMRP,

Rampur in winter 2009




Rampur, in winter 2009


Rampur, in winter 2009

12 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of multinational Hybrids-1 at

NMRP, Rampur in winter 2009

13 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of multinational hybrids-2 at NMRP,


14 Results of IYT-Early set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in summer 2009

15 Results of IYT-Early set tested at RARS, Lumle in summer 2009

16 Grain yield of IYT-Full season set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and

Khumaltar in summer 2009

17 Combined Result of IYT-Full season set (Pakhribas & Kabre) in summer

2009

18 Results of IYT-Full season set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in summer 2009

19 Results of IYT-Full season set tested at RARS, Lumle in summer 2009

20 Results of IYT-Full season set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer

21 Results of IYT-Full season set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer

22 Grain yield of IYT-QPM set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and

Khumaltar in 2009 summer

23 Combined Result of IYT-QPM set (Pakhribas, Lumle & Kabre) in 2009

summer

24 Results of IYT-QPM set tested at Pakhribas in 2009 summer

25 Results of IYT-QPM set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer

26 Results of IYTQ set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer

27 Results of IYTQ set at ABD Khumaltar in 2009 summer

28 Results of CVT-Early set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer

29 Results of CVT-Early set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer 30 Grain yield of CVT full season set tested at Pakhribas, Lumle, Kabre and


31 Combined Result of CVT-Full season set (Pakhribas, Lumle and Kabre) in

2009 summer

32 Results of CVT-Full season set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer

33 Results of CVT-Full season set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer

34 Results of CVT-Full season set at HCRP, Kabre during 2009 summer

35 Results of CVT-Full season set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer

36 Grain yield of CVT QPM set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and


37 Combined Result of CVT-QPM set (Pakhribas, Lumle & Kabre) in 2009

summer

38 Results of CVT-QPM set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer

39 Results of CVT-QPM set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer

40 Result of CVT-QPM set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer

41 Result of CVT-QPM set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer

42 Result of CFFT early set tested at Pakhribas in 2009 summer

43 Result of CFFT early set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer

44 Result of CFFT-Full season set tested at Pakhribas in 2009 summer

45 Result of CFFT-Full season set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer

46 Results of CFFT-Full season set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer

47 Results of CFFT-Full season set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer

48 Grain yield of CVT Full season set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and


49 Combined Result of CFFT-Full season set (Pakhribas, Lumle & Kabre) in

2009 summer

50 Grain yield of CFFT QPM set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and


51 Combined Result of CFFT-QPM set (Pakhribas, Lumle & Kabre) in 2009

summer

52 Results of CFFT-QPM set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer

53 Results of CFFT-QPM set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer

54 Results of CFFT-QPM set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer

55 Results of CFFT-QPM set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer

56 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of maize genotypes under IYT Terai

set in 2066 winter

57 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of maize genotypes under CVT Terai

set in 2066 winter

58 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of QPM genotypes under CVT

Terai at NMRP, Rampur in 2066 winter

59 Grain yields and other agronomic traits of maize genotypes under IYTE at

NMRP, Rampur in 2066 winter

60 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of maize genotypes evaluated under

CVTE at NMRP, Rampur in 2066 winter

61 Descriptive statistics of average agro-morphological characters of 106

maize inbred lines at NMRP, Rampur in 2010 summer

62 Descriptive statistics of average agro-morphological characters of 62 maize

inbred lines at NMRP, Rampur in 2010 winter

63 Performance of different maize varieties grown under varietal display (frontline

demonstration) at NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter

64 Combined analysis for grain yield and agronomic traits of maize genotypes

under heat stress screening trials conducted at three different locations

(Rampur, Nepalgunj and Parwanipur) in 2010 summer

65 Analysis for grain yield and agronomic traits of maize genotypes under

heat stress screening trials conducted at Parwanipur in 2010 summer


heat stress screening trials conducted at Nepalgunj in 2010 summer


heat stress screening trials conducted at Rampur in 2010 summer

68 Combined analysis on pest infestation of maize genotypes under heat stress

screening trials conducted at three different locations (Rampur, Nepalgunj

and Parwanipur) in 2010 summer

69 Maize seed production (metric tons) statistics in 2066/067

70 Seed production of maize OPVs in 2066/67

71 Seed production of different types of maize seeds and other crops at NMRP,

Rampur in 2066/67

72 Interaction effect of hybrid and spacing on grain yield (kg ha-1

)

73 Interaction effect of inbred and nitrogen on grain yield (kg ha-1

)

74 Interaction effect of OPV and spacing on grain yield (kg ha-1

)

75 Details of the seeds and sets distributed to the HMRP partners

76 Treatments used in the experiment on effects of manures and fertilizers on

different maize genotypes

77 Effect of different doses of manures and fertilizers on the grain yield and

yield attributing characters of maize genotypes at NMRP, Rampur in

2009/10

78 Treatment combination for N x D experiment

79 Effect of nitrogen rates on the growth and yield characters of maize planted

at varying densities (N x D) at NMRP farmland, Rampur in 2009/10

80 Response of different micronutrients on maize growth and yield

components for the year 2009/10

81 Response of maize genotypes to maize stem borer (C. partellus Swinhoe)

82 Response of pesticides to maize stem borer management

83 Change in moisture content of maize grains in the storage periods

84 Monthly emergence of adult weevils in various storage systems

85 Percent grains damage by maize weevils in storage after five months of

storage period

86 Insect's infestation under Suli method of storage.

87 Severity of Southern leaf blight at Rampur in 2008/09 summer

88 Reaction of 21 full season maize varieties to Northern leaf blight in at

NMRP field of Rampur, Chitwan in 2009 winter

89 Reaction of 19 early maturing maize varieties to Northern leaf blight at

NMRP field of Rampur, Chitwan in 2009 winter

90 Response of maize genotypes against major diseases at NMRP, Rampur in

2009 summer

91 Change in moisture content, 1000 grain weight, bulk density, germination

percent and insect infestation percent of lentil seeds variety Khajura-2 as

affected by storage structures after 160 days

92 Effect of Different Non-Chemical Grain Protectants on Lentil Seed Quality

of Variety ILL 7723 at RARS Khajura after 160 days storage

93 Summary of materials and methods followed at OR sites of NMRP,

Rampur on Maize research in 2009

94 Maize FFT full season set at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur in 2009 summer

95 Result of Maize FFT Early set at OR sites Shukranagar conducted in 2009


Rampur on Rice research in 2009 (066/67)

97 Result of RFFT Rice conducted at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur in 2009

summer

98 Result of CFFT Rainfed Lowland Early Set Rice Conducted at OR sites of

NMRP, Rampur in 2009 summer

99 Result of CFFT Normal Rice Conducted at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur in

2009 summer

100 Result of CFFT Fine and Aromatic Rice Conducted at OR sites of NMRP,

Rampur in 2009 summer

101 Results of Farmer’s acceptance test on BR 4684 rice genotypes conducted

at OR site Sukranagar and Rajahar in 2009


Rampur on Wheat research in 2009 (066/67) summer

103 Result of RFFT Wheat Tested at OR sites of NMRP in 2009 winter

104 Result of CFFT Wheat Conducted at OR sites of NMRP in 2009 winter

105 PVS on Wheat Tested at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter

106 Farmer’s acceptance test on BL-3128 wheat genotypes conducted at OR

site Sukranagar and Rajahar in 2009 winter

107 Summary of materials and methods followed in multi-location rice research

activities in 2009/10 summer

108 Result of CVT-normal set of rice conducted at NMRP, Rampur in 2009

summer

109 Result of CVT Fine and Aromatic Rice conducted at NMRP. Rampur in

2009 summer

110 Result of CVT Rice Rain Fed Lowland early set Conducted at NMRP


111 Grain yield and other yield attributes of Chinese Hybrid Rice tasted at

NMRP, Rampur in 2009 summer

112 Summary of materials and methods followed at NMRP, Rampur on multi-

location Wheat research in 2009/10 winter

113 Result of CVT-Wheat Conducted at NMRP, Rampur in 2009/10 winter

114 Result of IET wheat conducted at NMRP, Rampur in 2009/10 winter

115 Wheat Varietal Display Conducted at NMRP, Rampur in 2009/10 winter

116 Result of 25th

Nepal Rainfed Nursery at NMRP, Rampur in 2009/10 winter

117 Result of Variety, Planting date & Fungicide spray on the occurrence of

Black rust of wheat (WCCAT-1) at NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter

118 Result of wheat varieties under fungicide spray and varietal mixture on

black rust of wheat (WCCAT-II) at Rampur in 2009 winter

119 Details of experiments conducted in different years (2004-08) at different

locations

120 Standard heterosis of maize inbred crosses evaluated at Rampur under CVT

hybrid trial, Diallel cross trial, Test cross trial and Diallel Cross (Early) trial

in 2007/08

121 Standard heterosis of maize inbred crosses tested at Rampur under

Observation Nursery trials (OBN-1, OBN-2 and OBN-3), Top cross trial

and CVT hybrid trial in 2006/07

122 Standard heterosis of crosses tested at Rampur under Observation Nursery

trial, TTWSCYL trial Diallel cross trials (Early-Medium and Medium-Late)

(OBN-1, OBN-2 and OBN-3) and CVT hybrid trial in 2005/06

123 Standard heterosis of crosses evaluated at Rampur and Parwanipur under

Diallel cross trials, Diallel late trials and CVT hybrid trials in 2004/05

124 Classification of inbred into different heterotic groups and heterotic partners

based on their standard heterosis and grain yield.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Weather data during the growing period of maize at NMRP, Rampur in

2009/10

2 Stability pattern for grain yield of maize genotypes under CFFT early set at

Lumle and Pakhribas environments in 2009 summer

3 Ranking of maize genotypes with reference to ideal maize genotype for

grain yield at Lumle and Pakhribas environments in 2009 summer

4 Stability pattern for grain yield of maize genotypes at Kabre, Lumle,

Khumaltar and Pakhribas environments in summer season of 2009


grain yield at Kabre, Lumle, Khumaltar and Pakhribas environments in

summers seasons of 2009

6 Stability pattern for grain yield of maize genotypes at Kabre, Lumle,




summer season of 2009

8 Scenario of different types of maize seed production (metric tons) in

2066/67

9 Interaction between different levels of fertilizers and varieties on grain

yield

10 Interaction between different levels of nitrogen and plant density on grain

yield

11 Severity of Northern leaf blight to full season maize varieties

12 Severity of Northern leaf blight to early maturing maize varieties

ANNEXES

Annex Pages

1 Agro-morphological characterization of 106 maize inbred lines at NMRP,


2 Agro-morphological characterization of 62 maize inbred lines at NMRP, Rampur

in 2010 winter

3 Result of 1st spot blotch experiment in 2009\10 (CSISA \CIMMYT)

4 Grain yield and agronomic traits of early maturity group maize genotypes under

front line demonstration at NMRP, Rampur in 2066 winter

5 Grain yield and other agronomic traits of intermediate maturity group maize

genotypes in front line demonstration at NMRP, Rampur in 2066 winter

6 Grain yield and agronomic traits of full season maturity group maize genotypes

in front line demonstration at NMRP, Rampur in 2066 winter

7 Statement of expenditures at NMRP Rampur in FY 2066/67

8 Statement of expenditure of HMRP funded project in FY 2066/67

9 Statement of revenue collection in FY 2066/2067

10 List of staff with their designations and qualifications

11 Meteorological records of NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from July 2000 to

June 2010 (Monthly mean data over ten years )

12 List of Publications of NMRP

ACRONYMS

ARS Agriculture Research Station

ABD Agriculture Botany Division

ASI Anthesis Silking Interval

BS Breeder Seed

CFFT Co-ordinated Farmer's Field Trial

CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

CV Coefficient of Variation

CVT Coordinated Variety Trial

DADO District Agricultural Development Office

DAS Days after sowing

FAT Farmers Acceptance Test

FS Foundation seed

FY Fiscal year

GGE Genotype and Genotype and Enviroment

GY Grain yield

HC Husk Cover

HCRP Hill Crops Research Program

HMRP Hill Maize Research Project

IET Initial Evaluation Trial

INGO International Non-governmental Organization

IS Improved Seed

IYT Intermediate Yield Trial

LSD Least Significant Difference

MoAC Ministry of Agriculture & Co-operatives

NARC Nepal Agriculture Research Council

NGO Non Governmental Organization

NLB Northern Leaf Blight

NMRP National Maize Research Program

NS Non-significant

NSB Nepal Seed Board

OPV Open Pollinated Varieties

OR Outreach Research

P Probability

PVS Participatory Varietal Selection

RCBD Randomized Complete Block Design

SD Standard Deviation

SE Standard Error

SLB Southern Leaf Blight

TIT Terai and Inner Terai

WVD Wheat Varietal Display

WCCAT Wheat Climate Change Adaptation Trial

* Significant at 5% level of significance

** Significant at 1% level of significance

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ds}sf] ;dGjofTds hftLo k/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] h;df ;a}eGbf al9 pTkfbg b]ptL

n] %(&^ lsnf]÷x]= lbof] eg] RampurSO3FO4 n] %(%( lsnf]÷x]= / SOOTLYQ-B

n] ##!) lsnf]÷x]= pTkfbg lbPsf lyP . kxf8sf] nflu u'0f:t/Lo k|f]l6go'St ds}sf]

;dGjofTds hftLo k/LIf0f cGt{ut kflv|jf;, n'Dn] / sfa|]df ul/Psf] kl/If0faf6

;a}eGbf al9 pTkfbg lbg] ds}sf hftx?df s|dzM :yflgo s[ifssf] hft -#$%&

lsnf]÷x]=_, S99TLWQ-HG-A -##*( lsnf]÷x]=_ / SOOTLYQ-B -##!) lsnf]÷x]=_

e]l6Psf 5g\ .

kxf8sf] nflu rf+8f] kfSg] ds}sf] ls;fgsf] v]tdf ;dGjofTds hftLo k/LIf0f

(CFFT) kflv|jf;df ul/Psf] lyof] h;df c?0f–@ sf] ;a} eGbf al9 pTkfbg %!!$

lsnf]÷x]= kfO{of] eg] To;kl5 Pool-17 sf] $&&^ lsnf]÷x]= / c?0f–! O{=le=sf] $&!$

lsnf]÷x]= /x]sf] kfO{of] . n'Dn]df ul/Psf] kl/If0fdf ;a} eGbf al9 pTKffbg lbg] Pool-

17 -@%!! lsnf]÷x]=_ e]l6of] eg] To;kl5 c?0f–@ -@$)& lsnf]÷x]=_ / c?0f–! O{=le=

-@#(% lsnf]÷x]=_ e]l6of]] . n'Dn] / sfa|]df v'nf k/;]lrt ds}sf] hftx?sf] ;+o'Qm

kl/If0fdf Across 9942/Across 9944 sf] pTkfbg %$$* lsnf]÷x]=, BGBYPOP sf]

%!#$ lsnf]÷x]= / dgsfdgf–$ sf] %!!% lsnf]÷x]= /x]sf] lyof] .

/fdk'/, lrtjgdf ;g\ @)^^ sf] hf8f] df};ddf laleGg a0f{z+s/ hftx?sf] kl/If0f

ul/Psf] lyof] h;df RML-19/NML-2 -&((( lsnf]÷x]=_, Putu-17/AG-111 -&$**

lsnf]÷x]=_, RL-25/RL-111 -!!#!) lsnf]÷x]=_, RL-180/RL-105 -^#$& lsnf]÷x]]_,

RML-8/RML-62 -()#) lsnf]÷x]=_ / Jaykisan6485 -!@%% lsnf]÷x]=_ j0f{z+s/

hftx? pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df pTs[i7 b]lvPsf 5g\ . Agro-morphological

Characterization af6 udL{ df};ddf RL-80, RL-85, RL-116, RML-6, RL-1, RML-17,

RML-74, RL-189, PUTU-19, L-1 / RML-7 Oga]|8 nfOgx? /fd|f kfO{Psf 5g eg]

hf+8f] df};ddf RML-4, RML-32, R-112, PUTU-20, RL-25 / RL-153 Oga]|8 nfOgx?

/fd|f b]lvPsf 5g .

tftf] ca:yfdf klg pTkfbg lbg ;Sg] hftx?sf] kl/If0faf6 tftf] ;xg ;Sg] hftx?

sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . o:t} lsl;dsf] kl/If0f k/jfgLk'/, /fdk'/ / g]kfnuGhdf

ul/Psf] lyof], o;af6 tftf] ;xg ;Sg] pTkfbgzLn hftx? dgsfdgf–$, Upahar,

TLBRSSO7F16 / BGBY POP e]l6Psf 5g\ . sfof{no kl/;/ cufl8 ul/Psf] k|bz{g

kl/If0f af6 Across-9942÷Across-9944 -&&@! lsnf]÷x]=_, RML-4/NML-2 -&!*&

lsnf]÷x]=_ / CP666 -&)() lsnf]÷x]=_ nfO{ ;a}eGbf al9 pTKffbg lbg] hftx?sf]

?kdf kfO{Psf] 5g\ .

afnL lasf;

cf/PdPn–$÷PgPnPn–@ hftsf] a0f{z+s/ ds}nfO{ &%×@) ;]=dL -^^,^^^ la?jf÷x]=_

sf] b'/Ldf nufpFbf ;a}eGbf al9 pTkfbg -^&)) lsnf]÷x]=_ lbof] eg] To;}hftn] &%×!%

;]=dL -**,*** la?Jff÷x]=_ sf] b'/Ldf nufpFbf] pTkfbg ^!() lsnf]÷x]= lbof] . c?

a0f{z+s/ hftsf] t'ngfdf pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df cf/PdPn–$÷PgPdPn–@ n] al9

pTKffbg -^@$) lsnf]÷x]=_ lbPsf] 5 .

laleGg txsf] gfO6«f]hg kl/If0fdf !%)M^)M$) gf=km=kf]= lsnf]÷x]=df cf/Pn–!!! n]

;a}eGbf al9 pTkfbg -!^%) lsnf]÷x]=_ lbPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 @))M^)M$) gf=km=kf]=

lsnf]÷x]=sf] b/df PgPdPn–@ sf] pTKffbg !$$) lsnf]÷x]= /x]sf] kfO{of] .

!%)M^)M$) gf=km=kf]= lsnf]÷x]=b/df cf/PdPn–$ gfds OGa|]8df;a}eGbf sd

pTkfbg -*)# lsnf]÷x]=_ kfO{of] . To;}u/L c? gfO6«f]hg b/sf] t'ngfdf !@)M^)M$)

gf=km=kf]= lsnf]÷x]= df ;a}eGbf al9 pTkfbg kfO{of] . To;}n] !@)M^)M$) gf=km=kf]=

lsnf]÷x]= sf b/n] k|of]u ubf{ / pko'Qm dfqfdf ;'Id vfBtTj lbbf ;a}eGbf al9

pTkfbg lbg] Oga]|8 nfOg PgPdPn–@ kfO{of] .

To;}u/L ds}sf] v'nfk/;]lrt hftx?sf] laleGg af]6 ;+Vof ^^,^^^ la?jf÷x]= -af]6

b'/L &%×@) ;]=dL=_ sf] kl/If0fdf Across 9942/Across 9944 n] ;a}eGbf al9 pTKffbg

%%#) lsnf]÷x]= lbPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L S97TLYGHA”YB (3)” n] af]6 ;+Vof %####

la?jf÷x]= -af]6 b'/L &%×@% ;]=dL=_ sfod u/LPsf] cj:Yffdf pTkfbg %$$) lsnf]÷x]=

lbPsf] kfO{of] . af]6 ;+Vof **,*** la?jf÷x]= -af]6 b'/L &%×!% ;]=dL=_ df c?0f–@ n]

;a}eGbf sd pTkfbg -#^() lsnf]÷x]=_] lbPsf] lyof] . af]6 ;+Vof %#,### la?jf]÷x]=

-af]6 b'/L -&%×@% ;]=dL=_ sfod ubf{ Across 9942/Across 9944, Arun-4 /

S97TLYGHA"YB(3)" sf] cf};t pTkfbg ;a}eGbf al9 $^!) lsnf]÷x]= lbPsf] kfO{of] .

;|f]t aLp pTkfbg

@)^^÷@)^& ;fndf /fdk'/df s'n ds}sf] aLp pTkfbg %),*)# s]=hL= /x]sf] lyof] .

lap pTkfbgdf ;dfa]z ePsf ds}sf hftx?df /fdk'/ sDkf]lh6sf] $)) s]=hL]

k|hgg aLp, ^%&) s]=hL] d'n aLp, #$%) s]=hL pGgt aLp, c?0f–@ sf] &*) s]=hL

k|hgg aLp, #(&) s]=hL d'n aLp / #^^^ s]=hL pGgt aLp, b]ptLsf] %*) s]=hL

k|hgg aLp, %(^) s]=hL d'n aLp / $%%) s]=hL pGgt aLp, dgsfdgf–# sf] %%)

s]=hL k|hgg aLp, *!%) s]=hL d'n aLp / %%*) s]=hL pGgt aLp, dgsfdgf– $

sf] $) s]=hL k|hgg aLp, *)) s]=hL d'n aLp / !)) s]=hL pGgt aLp, kf]lifnf]

ds}–! sf] !%) s]=hL] k|hgg aLp, ##)) s]=hL d'n aLp / %)) s]=hL pGgt aLp_,

Across 9942/Across 9944 sf] $)) s]=hL d'n aLp, d'/nL ds}sf] !#) lsnf] lap,

S99TLYQ-B sf] *) s]=hL d'n aLp, BGBYP sf] @ s]=hL d'n aLp, Z9EWBF2 sf] @

s]=hL k|hgg\ aLp, SO1S1WQ-02 sf] @ s]=hL k|hgg\ aLp, lztnfsf] !@@) s]=hL

d'n aLp pTkfbg ul/of] . ToxL df};ddf hDdf ldl>t ds} !&,)%) s]=hL] pTKffbg

ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} wfgsf] aLp pTkfbg !^,!!# s]=hL], ux'+sf] aLp pTkfbg !,%))

s]=hL= / 9}rfsf] aLp pTkfbg !@)) s]=hL= /x]sf] lyof] .

lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfof{no afx]s /f=d=af=c=sf= /fdk'/n] kxf8L ds}afnL cg';Gwfg

sfo{qmd (HMRP) ;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Lx?sf nflu d'Vo u/]/ k|dfl0ft aLpsf] k|of]hgsf]

nflu ##,$)% s]=hL= d'n aLp ljt/0f u/]sf] lyof] . To;} u/L l;kmfl/;sf] qmddf

/x]sf hftx?sf] j[l4 / lasf; ug]{ p2]Zosf nflu !@) j6f dft[ k/LIf0f ;]6

(Mother Trial Set), @!)) j6f lzz' k/LIf0f ;]6 (baby trial set), !*,@%) j6f IRD

;]6 / &)) j6f diamond trial set lat/0f u/]sf] lyof] . cfpFbf] aif{df sl/a #)))

d]l6«s 6g k|dfl0ft aLp pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] To;n] yk

!,%),))) x]S6/ hldg cf]u6\g] b]lvG5 .

/f]u Aoa:Yffkg

@)^^ ;fnsf] udL{ df};ddf ds}sf] kftdf nfUg] blIf0fL kftsf] 89'jf (SLB) / pQ/L

kftsf] 89'jf (NLB) sf] ca/f]ws hftsf] 5gf}6 sfo{ o; cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdn] u/]sf]

lyof] . o;af6 kf]l;nf] ds}–!, RampurSO3FO6, TLBRSO7F16, RampurSO3FO2,

BLSBRSO7F10 blIf0fL kftsf] 89'jf (SLB) /f]u ;xg ;Sg] hftsf] ?kdf klxrfg

ul/Psf] lyof]] . To;}u/L SO2SADVIF2, EEYCI, S97TEY GHAXB (3) /

SO1SYNZIME nfO{ pQ/L kftsf] 89'jf (NLB) /f]u ca/f]ws hftx?sf] ?kdf

klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/If0f u/LPsf Oga|]8x? dWo] RML-4, RML-5, RML-8, PUTU-13, AG-27, L-1, L-7

/ L-3 d'Vo /f]ux? (BLSB, 3f]uf s'lxg] / k5f}6] cf]Onfpg]) ca/f]ws pTs[i6

hftx? b]lvof] . AG-27 hftsf] ds} 3f]uf s'lxg] /f]u ca/f]ws kfO{of] . kl/If0f

ul/Psf v'nf k/;]lrt hftx? dWo] RampurSO3FO2, RampurSO3FO4,

BLSBRSO7F110, BLSBRSO7F12, TLBRSO7F14, TLBRSO7F16 / R POP-3 hftx? ds}sf d'Vo /f]ux? ;Fu ca/f]ws kfOof] . a0f{z+s/ hftx?df NML-1/NML-2

(Gaurav), RML-4/NML-2 and RML-8/ Rampur Composite s|dzM ca/f]ws kfO{of] .

sL/f Aoa:Yffkg

@)^^ ;fndf /fdk'/df ujf/f] ca/f]ws hftx?sf] 5gf}6 ug{ ds}sf laleGg

hftx?sf] kl/If0f ul/Psf] lyof] h;dWo] /fdk'/ sDkf]lh6, cf/PdPn–$, SOOTLYQ-B,

SO3TLYQ-AB-01 / POP44÷POOL 15 df ujf/f]sf] Iflt sd kfOof] . To;} ul/

ds}sf] uaf/f] lgoGq0fsf] nflu ul/Psf] kl/If0faf6 u]8f ?kdf kfOg] /f;folgs laiffbL

-6dL{g]6/–%)%_ df6f]df @ k6s ;Dd k|of]u ubf{ ujf/f]sf] lgoGq0f k|efjsf/L kfOof] .

ds} e08f/0fdf nfUg] 3'gsf] Aoa:Yffkgsf] cg';Gwfg ubf{ ;'nLdf /flvPsf] ds}sf

hftx? dWo] dgsfdgf–$, dgsfdgf–# / b]ptL hftdf 3'gsf] Iflt s|dz !=&Ü,

%=&Ü / !$=(Ü /x]sf] kfO{of] eg] c?0f–@ df ;a} eGbf al9 Iflt -$#=$Ü_ u/]sf]

e]l6of] .

Dff6f] Aoa:yfkg

@@) lsnf] gfO6«f]hg÷x]= ;Fu !) 6g÷x]= uf]7]dn ldnfP/ /fv]sf] kl/If0fdf Across

9942/Across 9944 sf] pTkfbg ;a}eGbf al9 -^@*) lsnf]÷x]=_ kfO{of] . ds}sf]

j0f{z+s/ hft RML-4/ NML-2 df gfO{6«f]hgsf ljleGg b/x? / lj?jfsf] 3gTj

;DaGwdf ul/Psf] k/LIf0fdf gfO{6«f]hg () s]=hL]=÷x]= / lj?jfsf] 3gTj *#,#*#

lj?jf ;+Vof÷x]= -nufpg] b'/L @)×^) ;]=dL]=_ sf] k|of]u ubf{ pTkfbg ;a}eGbf a9L -

^@*)÷x]= s]=hL=_ lbPsf] kfO{of] .

ds}df ;'Id tTjx?sf] c;/ ktf nufpg ltg aif{ -@))&÷)*, @))*÷)(,

@))(÷!)_ ;Dd /fdk'/df lx+pb] ds} /fdk'/ sDkf]lh6 hftdf ul/Psf] k/LIf0fsf]

;+o'Qm tYof+s cg';f/ ;'Id vfBtTjx? % lsnf] lh+s ± )=% lsnf] df]lnA8]gd ±

@) lsnf] ;Nkm/ ± !@ lsnf] DofUg];Lod÷x]= sf] k|uf]uaf6 ;a}eGbf w]/} pTkfbg

-%@#) lsnf]÷x]=_ kfO{of] . To;}u/L % lsnf] af]/g ± % lsnf] lh+s ± )=% lsnf]

;Nkm/ ± !@ lsnf] DofUg];Lod÷x]= sf] k|of]u ubf{ pTkfbg -%!*) lsnf]÷x]=_ kfO{of] .

o; kl/If0faf6 dfly pNn]lvt b'O{ dfqfdf pTkfbgdf vf;} km/s kfO{Pg .

s[lif OlGhlgol/Ë tyf pTkfbgf]k/fGt cg';Gwfg

s[ifsx?sf]] k/Dk/fut ds} nufpg] t/Lsfsf]] t'ngfdf ds} nufpbf 8\ofª÷a]8

(FIRB) lalwsf] k|of]u al9 gfkmfd'ns /x]sf] kfO{of] . s[ifssf] k/Dk/fut v]tL k|lalw

eGbf of] k|lalwaf6 $=%#Ü al9 pTkfbg lbPsf] / @*Ü l;+rfO{ ug]{ ;do arfpg

;lsg] b]lvPsf] 5 . of] gfkmfd'ns k|lalwnfO{ s[ifssf] v]tdf k|of]u u/L k|dfl0ft ug{

cfaZos b]lvG5 .

e08f/0f ;DalGw kl/If0f ubf{ ;'tnLsf] af]/f leq Knfli6s ePs]f, %)) / !)))

u]hsf] Knfli6s af]/f / Knfli6ssf] efF8f ;a} eGbf /fd|f] / nfdf] ;do;Dd e08f/0f

ug{ ;lsg] lalwsf] ?kdf kfOof] . of] kl/If0fdf d';'/f]sf] aLp /flvPsf] lyof] . o;df

ul/Psf] e08f/0faf6 !^) lbg kl5 klg lapdf *%Ü pdf/ zlSt ePsf] kfO{of] .

To;}u/L oL ef8fx?df sL/f sd nfu]sf], lr:ofgsf] dfqf yf]/} sfod ePsf] / yf]/}

tf}n 36]sf] kfO{of]] . d';'/f]sf] aLp nfdf] ;do ;Dd e08f/0f ug{sf] nflu ul/Psf]

cg';Gwfgdf /f;folgs lalw afx]s sf7sf] w'nf]±aLp -!M!_ / v/fgL±aLp -!M@_

af6 pkrf/ ul/Psf] aLp !^) lbg ;Dd /fVbf /f]u ls/f klg sd nfu]sf] / pdf/

zlQm klg /fd|f] /x]sf] kfOof] . t/ 3/df k|of]u u/Lg] r'gfdf eg] /fd|f] b]lvPg .

;dGjfofTds wfg / uxF' afnL kl/If0f

;fwf/0f wfgdf ;dGjofTds hftLo k/LIf0f (CVT) ubf{ pTkfbgsf b[li6n] IR-77721 -%^)& lsnf]÷x]=_, ;'ulGwt wfgdf IR-72869-5-2-1-1 -%)*@ lsnf]÷x]=_, 3f]nIf]qdf

x'g] cuf}6] wfgdf Nanjing-70272 -%@&# lsnf]÷x]=_ / rfO{lgh a0f{z+s/ hftx?df

LP-458 -%^&$ lsnf]÷x]=_ pTs[i7 kfO{Psf lyP .

uxF' afnLdf ul/Psf] ;dGjofTds hflto kl/If0f (CVT) df BL-3623 sf] pTkfbg

@^#% lsnf]÷x]=, k|f/lDes pTKffbg kl/If0f (IYT) df BL-4012 sf] pTkfbg @&#%

lsnf]÷x]=, uxF'sf] hflto k|b{zgL (WVD) df Nepal-971 sf] pTkfbg @%*! lsnf]÷x]=

/x]sf] kfOof] . @% cf}+ g]kfn ;'Vvf g;{/L -89'jf /f]usf] 5gf}6_ df uxF'sf] BL-4193

hftn] ;a}eGbf al9 pTKffbg -@$^( lsnf]÷x]=_ lbPsf] lyof] . uxF'afnLdf uxF'sf]

hnafo' kl/jt{g;Fu cg's'ng kl/If0f (WCCAT-I) df uf}td hftsf] pTkfbg -@!))

lsnf]÷x]=_ / (WCCAT-II) df Francolin sf] pTkfbg -@%)@ lsnf]÷x]=_ al9 lbPsf]

kfOPsf] lyof] .

afX\o cg';Gwfg

@)^^ ;fnsf] udL{ df};ddf z'qmgu/, lrtjgdf s[ifssf] v]tdf ul/Psf] ds}sf]

kl/If0f (FFT) af6 nfdf] ;dodf kfSg]] hftx? -pkxf/ / Across 9933 RE), cuf}6]

hft (POOL-17) sf] ;a}eGbf al9 pTkfbg s|dzM #)$^ lsnf]÷x]= / ##%@

lsnf]÷x]=/x]sf] kfOof] . To;} u/L ;f]lx ;dodf z'qmgu/, /hx/ / dgx/Ldf s[ifssf]

v]tdf ul/Psf] wfgsf] kl/If0faf6 ;fdfGo wfgdf -la=cf/=$^*$_, cuf}6] wfgdf -

/fwf–$_, ;'uGwLt wfgdf (cfO{=cf/=&@*#&–#–!–@_ sf] pTkfbg s|dz ^#@*, #^)^,

#&)& lsnf]÷x]= kfO{of] . To;} u/L la=cf/–$^*$ sf] pTkfbg s[ifssf] :jLsfo{

kl/If0f (FAT) df ;a}eGbf al9 b]lvof] h;nfO{ z'qmgu/ / /hx/df ;+rfng u/LPsf]

lyof] .

dgx/L, /hx/ / z'qmgu/df u/LPsf] uxF'sf] kl/If0faf6 PgPn–(&!, PgPn–!)&# /

laPn–#!@* hftx?sf] pTKffbg s|dz @@%$, @((@ / #))^ lsnf]÷x]=kfO{of] .

z'qmgu/df ul/Psf] ;xeflutfTds hflto 5gf}6 (PVS) k/LIf0faf6 laPn–#^@#

hftsf] pTkfbg -$#%$ lsnf]÷x]=_ / /hx/df ul/Psf] kl/If0faf6 uf}td hftsf]]

pTKffbg -$!@# lsnf]÷x]=_ kfO{of] . z'qmgu/ / /hx/df ul/Psf] s[ifssf] :jLsfo{

kl/If0f (FAT) df laPn–#!@* ux'+sf] hftn] ;a}eGbf al9 pTkfbg lbPsf] lyof] .

Executive Summary

Plant Breeding

Different kinds of trial sets namely IYT, CVT and CFFT were conducted in multi-

locations for developing early, full season and QPM varieties for hills in 2009

summer. The most promising genotypes based on grain yield and other important

traits have been summarized as follows;

In IYT early set, the highest yield was given by S03TEYSEQ (3992 kg ha-1

) and the

yields of other genotypes were Rampur-S03E02 (3595 kg ha-1

) and Across-2401

(3574 kg ha-1

) respectively at Rampur location. At Lumle, the yield of Across-

2401/Across-2402 was highest (3206 kg ha-1

) followed by Across-2401 (3156 kg ha-1

)

and Farmer’s variety (3155 kg ha-1

). In IYT full season, Combined analysis across the

locations (Pakhribas and Kabre) showed that Deuti produced the highest grain yield

(6516 kg ha-1

) among the tested genotypes and other high yielding genotypes were

S00TLY-1AB (6159 kg ha-1) and COTAXLA0024 (6119 kg ha-1

) respectively. When

combined analysis across the locations (Pakhribas, Lumle and Kabre) was done in

QPM set for hills, Farmer’s variety gave the highest grain yield (5766 kg ha-1

)

followed by S00TLWQ-B (5575 kg ha-1

) and S99TLYQ-HG-AB (5533 kg ha-1

).

In CVT early for hills, the highest yield was produced by POP-44/Pool-15 (4455 kg

ha-1

) and other high yielders were KY/Pool-17 (4266 kg ha-1

) and Arun-2 (4232 kg ha-

1) at Pakribas but S97TEYHG-AyB produced the highest grain yield (2939 kg ha

-1)

followed by POP- 445 (2807 kg ha-1

) and POP-446 (2777 kg ha-1

) respectively at

Lumle. In CVT full season, yield of Deuti was observed highest (5976 kg ha-1

)

followed by Rampur S03F04 (5959 kg ha-1

) and Rampur S03F06 (5884 kg ha-1

)

respectively when the data were analzed across the locations (Pakhribas, Lumle and

Kabre). In CVT QPM for hills, Farmer’s variety produced highest grain yiled (3457

kg ha-1

) and then by S99TLWQ-HG-A (3389 kg ha-1

) and S00TLYQ-B (3310 kg ha-1

)

across the locations (Pakhribas, Lumle and Kabre).

When genotypes were evaluated in CFFT early set for hills, Arun-2 (5114 kg ha-1

)

gave highest grain yield followed by Pool-17 (4776 kg ha-1

) and Arun-1 EV (4714 kg

ha-1

) at Pakhribas and Pool-17 (2511 kg ha-1

) produced highest and then by Arun-2

(2407 kg ha-1

) and Arun-1 EV (2395 kg ha-1

) at Lumle. Combined analysis of CFFT

full season for hills across locations (Pakhribas, Lumle and Kabre) revealed that

Across-9942/Across-9944 (5448 kg ha-1

), BGBYPOP (5134 kg ha-1

) and

Manakamana-4 (5115 kg ha-1

) were found high yielders.

In hybrid trials CVTH-1, CVTH-2 test crosses and hybrids developed by different

multi-national seed companies based in India and other Asian countries were

evaluated at Rampur and its collaborating stations in 2009/10 winter. In CVTH set 1,

the highest yield was given by RML-19/NML-2 (7999 kg ha-1

) among the hybrids

tested. The other high yielding hybrids were RL-137/RL-168 (7386 kg ha-1

) and

RML-4/RML-17 (7158 kg ha-1

) respectively. In CVTH set 2, cross from PUTU-

17/AG-27 gave highest grain yield (7488 kg ha-1

) followed by RL-182/RL-174 (7320

kg ha-1

) and PUTU-20/AG-27 (7240 kg ha-1

) respectively

In Test Cross-1, the highest grain yields were observed in RL-25/RL-111 (11310 kg

ha-1

), RL-149/RL-111 (10800 kg ha-1

) and RL-157/RL-111 (10360 kg ha-1

)

respectively while in Test Cross 2, hybrid from RL-180/RL-105 gave the highest

grain yield (6347 kg ha-1

), followed by L-10/RL-105 (6107 kg ha-1

) and RML-32/RL-

105 (5840 kg ha-1

) respectively.

Hybrid from RML-8/RML-62 produced the highest grain yield (9030 kg ha-1

) and

other high yielding hybrids were RML-4/RML-62 (8920 kg ha-1

) and RL-174/RML-

62 (8750 kg ha-1

) when evaluated in Test Cross-3. In Test Cross-4, 16 hybrids

outyielded Gaurav and Pioneer hybrids. BIO-S1-5-1-4/RL-84 was the highest yielder

(10440 kg ha-1) and other high yielder was PIO-S1-5-3-3/RL-84 (10180 kg ha-1

) and

BIO-S1-5-2-2/RL-84 (10150 kg ha-1

). In multi-national company hybrid evaluation,

Jaya Kisan 6485 was top yielder (1255 kg ha-1

) and Thunder was second top yielder

(1203 kg ha-1

).

Husk cover and other agronomic traits of Across9942xAcross9944, Deuti, Shitala,

Manakamana-4, Arun-4, Arun-1EV, Pool-17 were improved using ear to row with

Stratified Mass Selection (SMS) technique.

Inbred lines were morphologically characterized based on qualitative and quantitative

traits in 2010 summer and winter. Inbred lines namely RL-80, RL-85, RL-116, RML-

6, RL-1, RML-17, RML-74, RL-189, PUTU-19, L-1 in summer and RML-7 RML-4,

RML-32, RL-111, PUTU-20, RL-25, RL-153 in winter were found promising.

Heat stress trials consisting 44 maize genotypes tested in RARS, Parwanipur,

Nepalgunj and at NMRP, Rampur in 2010 summer showed that Manakamana-4,

Upahar, TLBRSSO7F16 and BGBY POP had good grain setting under heat stress

condition and thus identified as promising genotypes.

In frontline demonstration, Across-9942/Across-9944 had the highest grain yield 7721

kg ha-1

) and NMRP developed hybrid RML-4/NML-2 (7187 kg ha-1

) and CP 666

(7090 kg ha-1

) were also high yielders.

Agronomy

The highest mean grain yield (6700 kg ha-1

) was given by RML-4/NML-2 at 66,666

plants/ha (75×20 cm spacing) and the yield of the same hybrid (6190 kg ha-1

) at was

also higher at 88,888 plants/ha (75×15 cm spacing). The average yield of RML-

4/NML-2 is higher (6240 kg ha-1

) than the other hybrids tested in the experiment. The

appropriate plant population is found 66,666 plant/ha for maize hybrids.

At nitrogen level trial, conducted in 2066 summer, the maximum yield was obtained

in RL-111 (1650 kg ha-1) at 150:60:40 NPK kg ha-1

and then by NML-2 (1440 kg ha-

1) at 200:60:40 NPK kg ha

-1. The yield was lowest in RML-4 (803 kg ha

-1) when

fertilized with 150:60:40 NPK kg ha-1

. The average yield was higher in NML-2 (1370

kg ha-1

) than the inbred lines tested. Similarly, at 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1

, NML-2 had

highest yield than other inbred lines.

At different plant density trial on OPVs the yield Across-9942/Across-9944 (5530 kg

ha-1

) was higher at 66,666 plants/ha (75×20 cm spacing) and the yield of

S97TLYGHA"YB (3)" was also higher (5440 kg ha-1

) at 53,333 plants/ha (75×25 cm

spacing). The yield was lower in Arun-4 (3690 kg ha-1

) at 88,888 plants/ha (75×15 cm

spacing). The average yield AC 9942/AC 9944, Arun-4 and S97TLYGHA"YB(3)"

was 4610 kg ha-1

at 53,333 plants/ha (75×25 cm spacing).

Source Seed production

A total of 50803 kg of maize seeds was produced in 2009/10. Varieties included in seed

production were Rampur Composite with production of (400 B/S, 6570 F/S and 3450

kg I/S), Arun-2 (780 B/S, 3970 F/S and 3666 kg I/S), Deuti (580 B/S, 5960 F/S and

4550 kg I/S), Manakamana-3 (550 B/S, 8150 F/S and 5580 kg I/S), Manakamana-4

(40 B/S, 800 F/S and 100 kg I/S), Poshilo Makai-1 (150 B/S, 3300 F/S and 500 kg of

I/S), Across 9942/Across9944 (400 kg F/S), Popcorn (130 kg grain), S99TLYQ-B (80

kg F/S), BGBYP (2 kg F/S), Z97EWBF2 (2 kg B/S), SO1S1WQ-02 (2 kg B/S), Shitala

(1220 kg F/S). The total amount of mixed maize production was 17050 kg grain during

the same season. Rice seeds produced in the same year were 16113 kg and 1500 kg of

wheat seeds. A total of sunhemp seeds for green manuring purpose were 1200 kg.

DADOs and NMRP have distributed 33405 kg of foundation seeds to the HMRP

partners for production of the certified seeds. In addition 120 sets of mother trial,

2100 sets of baby trial, 18250 sets of IRDs and 600 sets of diamond trial were

distributed for participatory varietal selection purpose and promotion and

popularization of developed and promising genotypes. At least 3000 metric ton of

certified seeds are expected to produce from the distributed seeds that will be

sufficient to cover additional 150000 hetares of land in the next year.

Plant Pathology

In disease screening experiment against Southern Leaf Blight (SLB) and Northern

Leaf Blight (NLB) conducted in 2009, Poshilo Makai-1, RamSO3FO6, TLBRSO7F16

(R) RamSO3FO2, BLSBRSO7F10 had shown tolerance aginst SLB and NLB

tolerance genotypes were SO2SADVIF2, EEYC1, S97TEYGHAXB (3) and NLB

tolerance S01SYNZIME was identified as moderately resistant against NLB.

Under screening of inbred lines against major diseases namely BLSB, ear rot H.

maydis and late wilt, the inbreds RML-4, RML-5, RML-8, PUTU-13, AG-27, L-1, L-

7 and L-3 were resistance against BLSB and ear rot. AG-27 was found resistant

against ear rot and H. maydis. Rampur SO3FO2, Rampur SO3FO4, Rampur

SO3FQ2, BLSBRSO7F110, BLSBRSO7F12, TLBRSO7F14, TLBRSO7F16 and R

Pop-3, had shown resistance against major diseases among the tested OPVs. In

hybrids, NML-1/NML-2 (Gaurav), RML-4/NML-2 and RML-8/ Rampur composite

were identified resistance against major diseases.

Entomology

In a trial conducted on the susceptibility of maize genotypes to maize stem borer,

genotypes Rampur Composite/RML-4, one Bioseed hybrid, two QPMs namely;

SOOTLYQ-B and SO3TLYQ-AB, Narayani and POP44/POOL15 recorded minimum

borer infestations and found moderately resistant against this insect. The stem borer

can be well managed with soil application or whorl placement of granular insecticides

or two sprays with Terminator 505.

Manakamana-4, Manakamana-3 and Deuti recorded 1.7, 5.7 and 14.9% weevil

infestation, respectively when maize was stored with suli system and Arun-4 had

highest weevil infestation (43.4%) under the same system.

Soil Science

Across 9942/Across 9944 produced the highest grain yield (6280 kg ha-1

) with

application of 220 N kg ha-1

along with FYM 10 t ha-1

when the trial was conducted

to investigate the effects of manures and fertlizers at NMRP, Rampur in 2009

summer. The grain yield was higher in RML-4/NML-2 (12160 kg ha-1

) when 90 kg

nitrogen was applied and maintained 83383 plant population per ha (20 cm x 60 cm

spacing) and the grain yield was also higher at the same dose of nitrogen with 66666

plant population per hectares (25 cm x 60 cm spacing).

Three years data (2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10) on effects of micronutrients on

maize production at Rampur have shown that the grain yield was recorded higher

(5230 kg ha-1

) in Rampur Composite, when micronutrients were applied at the rate of

5 kg Zn + 0.5 kg Mo + 20 kg S + 12 kg Mn/ha and grain yield recorded 5180 kg ha-1

with the application of micronutrients at the dose of 5 kg B+ 5 kg Zn + 0.5 kg Mo +

20 kg S + 12 kg Mn/ha) respectively, which is not significantly difference between

the two doses.

Agriengineering and postharvest research

In maize Resource Conservation Technologies (RCT) experiment carried out in

2009/10 at Rampur, the Furrow irrigated Raised Bed (FIRB) method for maize crop

establishment was observed to be the most profitable RCT as it recorded 4.5% higher

production and saved 28% irrigation time over farmers practice. This finding needs to

be verified in the farmers’ field before up scaling this practice.

In storability trial on lentil, polylined jute bags, plastic sacks of 500 and 1000 gauge

and plastic jars were found to be the best storage structures since these structures

maintained above 85% germination for 160 days. There was less insect infestation,

less rise of moisture content and lower reduction in 1000 grain in these structures. In

another experiment on effects of different non-chemical grain protectants against

lentil seeds, mixing of equal parts of sawdust and seed; one part ash and two parts

seed were found to be the best treatments, which maintained highest germination and

the least insect infestation when stored for 160 days. Use of household lime and

control treatment had least germination and highest insect infestation and thus found

unsuitable for lentil seed storage.

Collaborative experiments on Rice and wheat

In CVT normal rice, IR-77721, IR-72869-5-2-1-1 a fine and aromatic rice lowland

early rice and Chinese rice hybrids; Nanjing-70272, LP-458 gave higher grain yields

(5607, 5082, 5273 and 5674 kg ha-1

) respectively when evaluated normal rice in CVT

and hybrids under preliminary observation trial.

The yield of BL-3623 was higher (2635 kg ha-1

) in CVT and in IET BL-4012 gave

higher yield (2750 kg ha-1

) and Nepal-971 had higher yield 2581 kg ha-1

in wheat

varietal demonstration. The the yield of BL-4193 was the highest (2469 kg ha-1

) in

25th Nepal Rainfed Nursery (Screening nursery for blight diseases). Gautam from

WCCAT-I and Francolin from WCCAT-II gave the highest grain yield (2100 and

2502 kg ha-1

) respectively.

Outreach research Activities

Maize genotypes Upahar and Across 9933 RE in full season and Pool-17 in early

maturing had produced higher grain yields 3046 kg ha-1

and 3352 kg ha-1

respectively

when these genotypes were tested under FFT at Sukranagar in Chitwan.

Normal rice genotype BR-4684, early rice (Radha-4), fine and aromatic rice (IR

72837-3-1-2) were promising and produced grain yields 6328, 3606 and 3707 kg ha-1

respectively when evaluated across the OR sites Sukranagar, Rajahar and Manahari.

The rice variety BR-4684 was liked very much by the farmers owing to its good yield

and eating qulity at Shukranagar, Chitwan under FAT.

The wheat genotypes NL-971, NL-1073 and BL-3128 were high yielder (2254, 2992

and 3006 kg ha-1

) at Manahari, Rajahar and Shukranagar, respectively. Under PVS,

BL-3623 at Sukranagar and Gautam at Rajahar had highest yields (4354 and 4123 kg

ha-1

). At Sukranagar and Rajahar, BL-3128 gave the highest yield under FATs.

1. Background Information

1.1 History

The National Maize Research Program (NMRP) was evolved as a part of the Rapti

Valley Development Project (RVDP) in the year 2013 B.S. (1956 AD) with a view to

rehabilitate the flood victims of 2011 B.S. (1954 AD) and to test, develop and

recommend a package of farming system technologies to newly settled farmers.

However, the systematic research activities were initiated from the year 2020 B.S.

(1963). With the inception of commodity research program in 2029 B.S. (1972 AD),

this office was mandated for the research and development of maize and maize based

cropping system. After the establishment of Nepal Agricultural Research Council

(NARC) in 2048 B.S. (1991 AD), this station was renamed as the National Maize

Research Program (NMRP) and mandated to develop appropriate maize and maize

based technologies for various agro-ecological zones of the country.

1.2 Site description

NMRP, Rampur is located about 10 km west of Bharatpur, the district headquarter of

Chitwan, in inner terai (Siwalik Dun Valley) region of Nepal. The geographical

location is 27o 40' N latitude, 84

o 19' E longitude at an altitude of 228 meter above sea

level.

1.3 Goal: Increase production and productivity of maize and maize based cropping

system for improving national food, feed and nutritional security.

1.4 Mandate

To collect, characterize, utilize and conserve different local and exotic maize

germplasms.

To develop high yielding, disease and insect resistant early, extra early and full

season OPVs of maize suitable for different agro-environments

To develop high yielding disease and insect tolerant single cross, double cross

and top cross hybrids for terai and foot hill valleys

To undertake basic, applied and adaptive research work on maize and maize

based cropping system

To conduct different outreach research activities on maize based cropping system

in command districts (Chitwan, Makawanpur and Nawalparasi) with active

participation of related stakeholders.

To develop/test different agriculture implements/machineries in order to increase

maize production with reduced cost and drudgery.

To generate maize based conservation agriculture technologies for improving

soil health/fertility and increasing maize productivity in a sustainable manner.

To work as national institute for research, training and education in maize and

maize based cropping system

To work as repository of information on maize and maize based technologies

To disseminate maize and maize based technologies to the different stakeholders

through electronic media, booklets, folders, leaflets and posters

To establish and strengthen national and international linkages for exchange of

knowledge, research materials and collaborative research works

To produce source seeds of maize (BS, FS & IS), rice and wheat (FS & IS) and

distribute to different clients/stakeholders according to their demands (balance

sheet of NSB)

To publish research findings, recommend verified technologies and collaborate

with disseminating partners for its wider dissemination

1.5 Human Resource Level Approved Fulfilled Vacant

Scientist 17 11 6 Technical Officers 13 8 5 Technicians 16 10 6 Admin & Account 4 4 0 Assistants 15 14 1 Total 65 47 18

1.6 General climate

It has humid and subtropical climate with cool winter and hot summer. The winter

starts from November to February, the coolest months are December and January,

with temperatures dropping to 2-30C while the hot summer begins from March to

May where maximum temperature reaches up to 430C. The total annual rainfall is

over 3000 mm with monsoon (>75% of rainfall) period is from mid-June to mid-

September.

Table 1. Monthly mean meterological data of last ten years (2000-2010) Month Max. tem (0C) Min. tem (0C) Total rainfall (mm) RH (%)

July 33.41 25.97 5381.5 86.33 August 33.80 26.21 4662.5 86.39

September 33.22 24.68 3340 86.64

October 31.76 19.89 824.9 87.36

November 28.98 16.01 92 92.74

December 24.48 10.26 31.9 99.04

January 22.24 8.52 186.8 95.51

February 26.46 10.35 195.8 95.24

March 32.95 14.49 231.85 79.01 April 35.72 19.43 868.5 64.55

May 35.20 22.83 1981.9 73.15

June 34.76 24.44 3796.5 80.15

Average/Total 31.08 18.59 21594.15 85.51

1.7 Meteorological data (2009/10)

Monthly mean weather data was recorded during the crop growing season from

September 2009 to February 2010. The mean maximum temperature 30.790C and

minimum temperature 22.450C were recorded. Maximum temperature ranged from

20.00C (January 2010) to 38.1

0C (April 2010). The minimum temperature ranged

from 10.30C (January 2010) to 29.7

0C (July, August 2009). Similarly, relative

humidity ranged from 75.4% during April 2010 to 99.7% during November,

December 2009. There was the highest rainfall (455 mm) during August 2009, the

lowest rainfall (2.2 mm) during December 2009 and no rainfall during November

2009 and

January,

February and

March 2010.

The total

rainfall during

crop growing

season was

2167.2 mm

(Annex 11).

0

510

15

2025

30

3540

45

July

, 2009

Aug

ust

Septem

ber

Oct

ober

Nov

ember

Dec

ember

Janua

ry, 2

010

Febru

ary

Mar

chA

pril

May

June

Months

Max

imu

m a

nd

Min

imu

m T

emp

erat

ure

(0C

)

-100

0100

200

300400

500

600700

800

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

) an

d R

elat

ive

Hu

mid

ity

(%)

Maximum Temperature Minimum Temperature

Rainfall Relative Humidity

Figure1. Weather data during the growing period of maize at NMRP, Rampur in 2009/10

1.8 Soil information The soil is generally acidic (pH 4.6-5.7), light textured and sandy loam.

2. Status of maize production in Nepal Maize is the second most important staple food crop in Nepal in terms of both area and

production after rice. It is the principle food crop in the hills of Nepal. It is cultivated in

terai and inner terai (<900 m), mid hills (900-1800 m), and in high hills (>1800 m). Maize plays significant role in national economy. It contributes 3.15% in national GDP and

9.5% in AGDP. It contributes 26.06% to total cereal crop production in the country. It is

used for food, feed, fodder, and fuel. In Nepal, 86.7% of the total maize production is

used for food, 12.8% for poultry, 0.4% for cattle and 1% for others. It is grown in

875428 hectare of land with average yield of 2.1 t ha -1

(MoAC, 2009/10).

Table 2. Maize production statistics of Nepal in 2008/09

Agro-ecozones Area (ha) Production (ton) Yield (kg ha-1

)

1. High hills 91496 (10.45%) 200982.64 1848

2. Mid hills 614843 (70.23%) 1359577.11 2106

3. Terai and Inner Terai 169089 (34.48%) 370109.25 2206

National Average 875428 (100%) 1930669 2210

(Source: MoAC, 2008/09)

The statistics of Ministry showed that the area under maize cultivation expanded

marginally by 7% while production and productivity increased 28% and 20%

respectively in the last decade. Areas under improved and local maize are 99.4% and

0.57% in Terai, 87% and 12.9 % in Hills and 86.2% and 13.8% in Mountains,

respectively. In total 23 maize varieties are available in Nepal, the varietal option are

2 for high hills, 8 for mid hills, 6 for terai and 7 are denotified. The experimental yield

of maize is 6.7 t ha-1

, national average yield 2.2 t ha-1

and attainable yield 5.7 t ha-1

and the yield gap is 3.5 t ha-1

in Nepal. Low seed replacement rate, insufficient seed

supply, low fertilizer use, lack of irrigation facilities and pest attack are the major

factors behind the slow growth in maize production. The maize seed replacement rate

is 6% per year.

According to Kathmandu Post (May 18, 2011), the import of maize has jumped 5

times due to low domestic production and increasing demand. MoAC reports showed

that Nepal imported maize worth Rs 1.45 billion in fiscal 2009-10 compared to Rs

285 million in the previous fiscal year. Maize grain imports increased to 132,213 tons

in 2009-10 against 32,861 tons in 2008-09. The expanding numbers of poultry and

livestock had also contributed to the increase in demand for maize. Meanwhile,

imports of maize seeds have also risen. Maize seed imports soared to 9,778 tons in

2009-10 from 458 tons during the previous fiscal year.

Declining production and increasing imports of maize grain and seed have become a

serious threat to the country. The country’s agriculture sector is waiting for a much-

needed transformation of the traditional farming to a commercial farming system. To

meet the above mentioned challenges, NMRP has given more thrust on hybrid maize

development research activities for the commercialization of maize farming in terai

and high yielding open pollinated varieties along with non-conventional hybrid for

mid and high hills environments. In this effort, National Seed Board (NSB) released

two maize varieties namely; Poshilo Makai-1 and Manakamana-4 in 2008 and

Manakamana-5 and Manakamana-6 in 2009 developed by NARC/NMRP.The total

number of maize varieties released so far has reached upto 23 of which one is Poshilo

Makai-1 (QPM) and another is 'Gaurav' hybrid and rest are open pollinated varieties.

All the OPVs and hybrid released so far are of normal type and their nutritional

quality is comparatively poor as compared to Poshilo Makai-1. It contains notable

levels of tryptophan (0.11%), lysine (0.475%), and protein (11.0%) of the whole

grain, which is far beyond those contained in normal maize (0.05%, 0.23%, and

8.5%). This has made the QPM synthetics very attractive to farmers (Cordova, 2000).

QPM had significantly higher nitrogen retention than those of normal maize

(Bressani, 1991) indicating that QPM protein is more "bio-available" (NRC, 1988).

The biological value of QPM protein is about 80%, where it is 90% in milk and about

45% in normal maize (FAO, 1992).

There are many promising genotypes of different maturity periods, which are in the

pipeline. Some of them are in the process of release. These genotypes are Arun-4,

Arun-1 EV, Across 4444/Across 4442, QPM; S99TLYQ-B, and Pool-17. In addition,

S99TLYQ-AB, and S01SIWQ-3 have been found most promising in farmers’ fields

and need to put at least one yellow QPM into process for release.

The released and promising genotypes must be popularized and promoted for wider

dissemination in the respective production environments to increase access of seeds to

the farmers. Private sectors and farmers groups must come forward actively for seed

production to increase the supply of seeds at local level. Keeping this into

consideration, community based seed production program (CBSP) has been

implemented since 2000 across the mid hills and continuing. CBSP is a successful

model and a tangible output of HMRP. CBSP is thus a reliable option for faster

dissemination of the seeds of high yielding varieties to a larger number of farmers.

3. PLANT BREEDING

3.1 Research Activities on Maize Hybrid Development DB Gurung, CB Kunwar, TR Rijal and JB Chhetri

Maize (Zea mays L.) is second staple food crop of Nepal and the principal food, feed,

fodder, fuel crop and source of energy in hills. It is widely grown in all the three agro

zones of Nepal: Terai and Inner Terai (below 900 msl), the mid hills (900-1800 msl)

and high hills (above 1800 msl). Hybrid maize technology has made significant yield

advances and increased profitability and to some extent provided employment

opportunity. There is lack of locally developed hybrid varieties in Nepal. National

Maize Research Program has so far released one single cross hybrid namely "Gaurav"

but it could not reach in farmer's field due to some technical problems. Farmers have

been demanding F1 hybrid seeds and a number of hybrid varieties are being marketed

every year across the Terai & Inner Terai regions of Nepal. Farmers are being cheated

every year by local dealers of multi-national hybrid seed companies based in India

while purchasing hybrid seeds due to open boarder. National Maize Research

Program (NMRP) has been conducting research activities to develop locally adapted,

disease resistant and high-yielding maize hybrids. A number of hybrids were

evaluated in a series of experiments during 2009/10. The objective of the study was to

develop and identify high yielding hybrids for terai and inner terai of Nepal. The

details of hybrid experiments are followings;

List of Hybrid Maize Research Experiments conducted during 2009/10 Name of experiments Locations No of

entries

1) CIMMYT Hybrid trial (CASCAEY0917) Belachhapi 23

2) CIMMYT Hybrid trial (CASCALYQ0915) Rampur 10 3) Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVTH-1) Rampur 21

4) Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVTH-2) Rampur & Belachhapi 21

5) Test Cross Hybrid-1 (TC-1) Rampur 42

6) Test Cross Hybrid-2 (TC-2) Rampur 45 7) Test Cross Hybrid-3 (TC-3) Rampur 40

8) Test Cross Hybrid-4 (TC-4) Rampur 70

9) Evaluation of multinational company Hybrids-1 Rampur 9 10) Evaluation of multinational company Hybrids-2 Rampur 26

3.1.1 CIMMYT Hybrid Trials

3.1.1.1 CIMMYT Hybrid trial (CASCALYQ0915)

The experiment was conducted at NMRP, Chitwan. Planting was done on September

9, 2009 in a single row plot with 5 meter length. The trial was laid out in randomized

complete block design with 2 replications and all other agronomic practices were

performed as per recommendation. Ten genotypes were included in this experiment

including four checks. Data were recorded on plant height, ear height, plant aspect,

ear aspect, no. of plants/ha, no. of ears/ha, 50% tasseling, silking, and grain yield etc.

The experimental results showed that the tested genotypes were statistically

significant for days to flowering, plant aspect, ear aspect, number of plants/ha,

number of ears/ha and grain yield. Among them, genotype (CML 165 × K 145)-B-14-

1-B-B-B-B-1/CML161-1-B-B produced the highest grain yield (6210 kg ha-1

)

followed by Bioseed 9681 (local check) (5900 kg ha-1

), (CML 161 × CML 451)-B-23-

1-B-B-B-B-1/CML 163-B-B-B-1) (5450 kg ha-1

) and (CML 161 × (CL 02821 *

CML285)-B-6-2-1-B-B-B-B-1/CML163-B-B-1 (5260 kg ha-1

). The findings also

showed that plant and ear heights were statistically non-significant while the data on

ear scores were highly significant (Table 3).

Table 3. Performance of CIMMYT Hybrids (CASCALYQ0915) at NMRP Rampur in winter 2009 SN Pedigree 50 %

flowering

Height

(cm)

Scores (1-5) No. of pants

/ha

Grain

yield

(kg

ha-1

) Male Female Plant Ear Pl

asp

Ear

asp

ES plants ears

1 (CML 161 × CML 451)-B-23-

1-B-B-B-B-1/CML 163-B-B-B-

1)

71 74

165 73

1.5 1.5 2.3 44000 66667 6210

2 [CL-G250 × CML 170]-B-24-

1-1-2-B-B-B-B-1 78 82

208 85

2.3 2 2.8 34667 38667 4240

3 CLQ-RCYQ40 + {CML 165 ×

CLQ-6203}-B-9-1-1-B-2-B-B-

B-B-1/CML 163

82 86

154 59

2.5 3.3 3.5 34667 29333 2980

4 (CML 161 × ( CL 02821 *

CML 285 )-B-6-2-1-B-B-B-B-

1/CML 163 –B-B-1

81 84

178 73

2.3 2 2.8 45333 44000 5260

5 (CML161 × CML 451)-B-23-1-

B-B-B-B-1/CML 163-B-B-B-1 86 89

170 75

1.8 2 3 45333 49333 5450

6 HQPM-7 84 87 128 60 3 2.8 5 16000 14667 960

7 LOCAL CHECK 1 (Rampur

Composite) 74 78

174 75

1.8 2 2.3 42667 50667 4850

8 LOCAL CHECK 2 (Arun-2) 52 55 163 58 3.5 3.5 3.5 54667 50667 4670

9 LOCAL CHECK 3 (Gaurav) 68 69 158 78 2.5 2 2.3 44000 42667 4410

10 LOCAL CHECK 4 (Bioseed

9681) 71 75

188 78

2 1.5 2 46667 54667 5900

Grand mean 75 78 168 71 2.3 2.3 2.9 40800 44133 4493

F-test * * NS NS * * ** * * *

CV (%) 9.7 9.8 13.0 23.9 17.5 19.9 18.1 19.9 20.2 22.6

Pl: plant, asp: aspect, ES: ear score

3.1.1.2 CIMMYT Hybrid trial (CASCAEY0917)

This experiment composed of 24 hybrids including three check varieties and planted

at Rampur and ARS, Belachhapi in single row of 5m length in RCB design with two

replications during winter season of 2009. At Rampur condition, except days to male

and female flowering, all other traits were found statistically non-significant (Table

4). The grain yield varied from 1800 kg ha-1

to 5600 kg ha-1

. The highest grain yield

was obtained from CA03139-B/P31C4SS5B-6*-*3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B-4 (5600 kg ha-1

),

while at Belachhapi, the tested genotypes differed significantly for grain yield (Table

4). The highest grain yield was obtained with P31c4s5b-23-#-#-4-BBB-B-B-B-

3/P31CS5B-6*-6*-3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B (6720 kg ha-1

).

Table 4. Performance of CIMMYT (CASCAEY0917) hybrids at ARS, Belachhapi in winter

2009

SN Genotypes

50 %

Flowering

Height (cm) No. of Grain

yield

(kg ha-

1)

Male Femal

e

Plant Ear Plants/ha Ears/h

a

1 CML 470-B-B-B-B/POP.31C4S5B-85-#-#-1-2-B-B-

B-B-B-B2-B-B-1

107 110 139 45 45333 28000 3250

2 POP.31C4S5B-6-#-#-1-2-B-B-B-B-B-B1-B-B-

1/CML472-B-B-B

107 111 179 48 41333 41333 5940

3 SW92145-2EV-7-3--B-B-B-B-B-B-B/P31C4S5B-6-

*-*-3-1--B-B-B-B-B-B

107 111 183 67 41333 49333 5580

4 CA00102-B-B-B-1/CML472-B-B 107 110 176 54 45333 42667 5450

5 CML472-B-B-B/Pop.31C4S5B-6-*-*-3-1-B-B-B-B-

B-B

107 111 154 51 41333 50667 4170

6 P147-F2#105-2-1-B-1-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-1/CML427-

3-B-1

104 109 161 61 37333 37333 4380

7 CML 470-B-B-B-B/CML472-B-B 106 110 163 40 45333 38667 5250

8 CML427-3-B-2/CML 470-B-B-B-B 112 111 158 48 33333 30667 3040

9 P31C4S5B-33-#-#-11-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-

2/POP.31C4S5B-85-#-#-1-2B-B-1

104 109 159 60 42667 44000 5960

10 P147-F2#105-2-1-B-1-B-B-B-B-B-B-B/P31C4S5B-

23-#-#-4-BBB-B-B-B-B

107 111 167 60 34667 32000 4250

11 CML 470-B-B-B-B/CML-474-B-B-B 105 110 128 32 34667 32000 2310

12 P31C4S5B-23-#-#-4-BBB-B-B-B-3/P31CS5B-6*-

6*-3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B-B

106 110 178 61 41333 46667 6720

13 CA03118-1-B-1/P31C4S5B-6-*-*-3-1-B-B-B-B-B-

B-B-4

105 109 180 60 40000 48000 6080

14 P147-F2#105-2-1-B-1-B-B-B-B-B-B-B/P31C4S5B-

6-*-*-3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B

107 111 167 63 44000 62667 5950

15 CA03139-B/P31C4S5B-6*-*3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-4 107 109 182 64 42667 49333 6180

16 CAO3139-B-B/P31C4S5B-6-*-*-3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B-

B-B-4

109 112 175 60 44000 54667 4800

17 CA14514-4/P31C4S5B-6-*-*-3-1-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-

B-4

109 112 175 64 44000 46667 6650

18 CML425-1/CML472 107 111 166 42 44000 42667 5170

19 CML426-1/CML472 104 109 191 73 41333 44000 6190

20 CA00106-9-B-1/CML472 109 112 166 44 41333 44000 5200

21 CML 470-B-B-B-B/CML472-B-B 104 109 175 45 37333 41333 5430

22 LOCAL CHECK (Rampur Composite) 105 111 187 76 46667 52000 6690

23 LOCAL CHECK (ARUN-2) 108 108 168 57 48000 48000 4420

Grand mean 106 110 168 55 41623 43768 5180

F-test NS NS ** ** NS ** **

CV (%) 2.9 1.6 6.3 14.

8

12.7 14.4 19.3

LSD (0.05) 6.4 3.65 22.1

3

16.

9

10962 13074 2070

3.1.2 NMRP Hybrid Trials

3.1.2.1 Coordinated Varietal Trial on Hybrid (CVTH-1)

This experiment was conducted at Rampur consisting 21 single cross hybrids with

the inclusion of one Indian hybrid (Pioneer) as a check.

The standard heterosis in grain yields were calculated using following formula;

Standard Heterosis (%) = [(F1– SH)/SH] × 100

Where, SH is the mean value over replications of the standard (local commercial)

hybrid or cultivar.

Except grain yield, all the traits of the tested hybrids were statistically significant

(Table 5). The hybrid RML-19/NML-2 produced highest grain yield (7999 kg ha-1

)

followed by RL-137/RL-168 (7386 kg ha-1

). The standard heterosis of RML-

19/NML-2 and RL-137/RL-168 were 8.9 and 0.6 %, respectively.

Table 5. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of Coordinated Varietal Trial on Hybrid-1

(CVTH-1) at NMRP, Rampur in winter 2009/10 SN Genotypes Height

(cm)

Aspect

(1-5)

Husk

cover (1-5)

No. of Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

Standard

heterosis % Plant Ear Plant Ear Plants/ha Ears/ha

1 RML-55/RML-40 240 128 3.7 3.2 2.3 35556 43704 4175 -43.2

2 RML-55/RL-29 223 122 3 2.8 3 48889 53333 6523 -11.2

3 RL-137/RL-168 222 120 2.5 2.8 3.3 44444 47407 7386 0.6

4 RML-40/RL-168 223 102 4 3.3 3.3 35556 43704 4942 -32.7

5 RL-183/RML-8 183 75 2.7 3 1.7 47277 46990 5299 -27.9

6 RML-32/RML-17 210 103 2 1.7 1.7 54074 65185 6184 -15.8

7 RL-86/RML-18 235 121 2.5 2.5 2.8 17818 21177 4150 -43.5

8 RML-4/RML-17 208 110 2 2.2 2.3 48889 48889 7158 -2.5

9 RL-165/RML-17 243 135 3.7 3.2 3.8 24444 28889 4340 -40.9

10 RL-172/RML-18 233 108 2 2.5 2 40000 37778 5512 -25.0

11 RL-111/RL-189 238 127 3 2.8 3.7 45185 40000 5655 -23.0

12 ARUN-2/RML-8 200 102 3.3 3.2 2.2 48148 51111 6027 -17.9

13 RC/RML-8 242 138 2.5 2.8 2.3 48148 46667 6215 -15.4

14 RC/RL 30-1 235 122 2.5 2.5 2.3 41481 51111 6625 -9.8

15 RL-176/RL-84 218 118 2.7 2.5 3 45926 44444 6743 -8.2

16 RL-195/RL-184 213 122 2.2 2.2 2 40000 43704 6509 -11.4

17 RL-106/RL-161 245 117 2.5 2.7 2.7 54074 50370 5856 -20.3

18 RL-99/RL-161 218 97 2.7 3.5 2.5 54074 46667 6954 -5.3

19 RML-19/NML-2 228 115 1.5 2.3 1.7 46667 53333 7999 8.9

20 RML-6/RML-19 250 118 2 1.8 2 38519 45185 6457 -12.1

21 Pioneer (Check) 230 102 2.5 2 2.7 45926 51111 7345 0.0

Grand mean 226 114 2.6 2.6 2.5 43100 45750 6098

F-test * * ** ** ** * ** NS

CV (%) 8.3 14.4 18.1 18.9 23.8 21.2 19.6 26.1

3.1.2.2 Coordinated Varietal Trial on Hybrid (CVTH-2)

This experiment was conducted at Rampur including 20 promising hybrids and was

compared with Gaurav and Indian hybrids. At Rampur condition the tested hybrids

showed significant difference for all the traits except plant height and ear height. The

grain yield ranged from 2193 kg ha-1

to 7488 kg ha-1

among the tested genotypes.

PUTU-17/AG-27 produced significantly highest grain yield (7488 kg ha-1

) followed

by RL-182/RL-174 (7320 kg ha-1

) and PUTU-20/AG-27 (7240 kg ha-1

), respectively.

The standard heterosis of PUTU-17/AG-27, RL-182/RL-174 and PUTU-20/AG-27

were 22.1, 19.4 and 18.1%, respectively (Table 6).

At Belachhapi condition except plant and ear heights, all the other traits of the tested

hybrids differed significantly (Table 7). In this station the tested hybrids showed

comparatively lower grain yield than Rampur condition. PUTU-17/AG-27 was

observed for significantly superior for grain yield production (8910 kg ha-1

).

Rajkumar, the Indian check hybrid produced 6179 kg ha-1

. Most of the other NMRP

hybrids produced less than 5000 kg ha-1

grain yield.

Table 6. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of hybrid maize under coordinated varietal

trial on hybrid-2 (CVTH-2) at NMRP, Rampur in winter 2009/10 SN Genotypes Height (cm) Aspect (1-5) Husk

cover (1-5)

Ear

score (1-5)

No of Grain

yield (kg ha-1)

Standard

heterosis %

Plant Ear Plant Ear Plants/ha Ears/ha

1 RL-36/RL-198 238 115 2 2.3 2.3 2 40741 44444 7059 15.1 2 RML-62/NML-1 202 98 3 2.8 2.2 2.2 28889 30370 5836 -4.8

3 RML-62/RL-36 188 82 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.2 20000 25185 4286 -30.1

4 RL-105/RL-197 215 102 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.3 47407 50370 6910 12.7

5 RL-175/RL-197 207 112 3 2.3 2.5 2 45926 46667 6300 2.8

6 RL-180/RL-5 174 74 2.5 2.2 2.7 1.4 32704 34205 5512 -10.1

7 RL-194/RL-5 184 85 3 3 4.2 2 17778 25926 3862 -37.0

8 RL-5/RL-175 160 90 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.2 40000 46667 5954 -2.9

9 RML-6/RML-36 192 90 2.8 2.8 3.2 2.2 3704 7407 2193 -64.2

10 RL-174/RML-36 184 102 2 2.3 2 1.8 43704 48889 6958 13.5

11 RML-74/RML-6 203 88 3.2 3.2 4.2 2.5 26667 26667 3852 -37.2

12 RML-75/RML-6 212 87 2.7 2.7 3.3 2.7 38519 48889 6571 7.2

13 RML-52/RML-8 224 113 2.3 2.7 3.3 2.5 40741 49630 6345 3.5

14 RL-182/ RL-174 218 107 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.8 48889 48889 7320 19.4

15 PUTU-13/L-20 186 102 2.8 3 3.8 2.8 53333 49630 5962 -2.8

16 PUTU-20/AG-27 194 105 2.3 2.2 3 2.2 51852 64444 7240 18.1

17 PUTU-17/L-1 180 103 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.3 45926 45926 5929 -3.3

18 L-4/L-2 200 107 2.7 3.2 3.3 2.3 52593 62963 6046 -1.4

19 PUTU-17/AG-27 193 97 2.5 3 3.2 2.7 50370 75556 7488 22.1

20 L-19/L-20 200 117 3.3 3.5 3.8 2.8 37778 40000 4243 -30.8

21 Pioneer (CK) 210 103 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 50370 53333 6131 0.0

Grand mean 198 99 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.3 38947 44098 5809

F-test NS NS * * ** ** ** ** **

CV (%) 14.1 16.8 19.0 16.9 20.7 15.7 19.4 19.7 18.9

LSD (0.05) 46 28 0.81 0.74 0.98 0.57 12470 14366 1822

Table 7. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of hybrid maize under coordinated varietal

trial on hybrid-2 (CVTH-2) at ARS, Belachhapi in winter 2009/10 SN Genotypes 50 % flowering Height (cm) No of Grain

yield (kg ha-1)

male female Plant Ear Plants/ha Ears/ha

1 RL-36/RL-198 118 123 136 48 16377 16772 1731

2 RML-62/NML-1 117 121 142 55 30081 26446 2121

3 RML-62/RL-36 115 120 133 52 29711 22327 1711

4 RL-105/RL-197 115 120 161 51 17778 21481 1976

5 RL-175/RL-197 113 119 140 50 12593 14815 1987

6 RL-180/RL-5 115 119 140 48 38519 33333 3430

7 RL-194/RL-5 113 118 140 45 25266 27883 2902

8 RL-5/RL-175 114 120 150 50 34815 40000 3383

9 RML-6/RML-36 119 123 137 46 48474 48659 3823

10 RL-174/RML-36 117 122 149 52 46667 40000 3711

11 RML-74/RML-6 116 122 135 37 39588 35328 3267

12 RML-75/RML-6 117 122 145 45 33333 40741 3994

13 RML-52/RML-8 112 117 158 58 33044 68994 4383

14 RL-182/RL-174 113 120 150 63 60741 55556 3720

15 PUTU-13/L-20 115 122 154 61 51111 56296 5992

16 PUTU-20/AG-27 117 122 139 50 66667 57778 4620

17 PUTU-17/L-1 112 117 155 67 48148 45185 3931

18 L-4/L-2 115 120 127 50 41319 61227 3314

19 PUTU-17/AG-27 111 115 154 51 72430 91227 8910

20 L-19/L-20 116 122 144 61 29097 33449 2831

21 Gaurav (Ck) 116 119 157 64 41319 42338 3827

22 Rajkumar(Ck) 113 115 166 64 69097 54561 6179

Grand mean 115 120 146 53 40281 42473 3716

F-test * * NS NS * ** *

CV (%) 2.17 2.36 13.89 19.6 46.5 41.7 36.5

LSD (0.05) 4.18 4.74 33.9 17.4 31344 29637 120

3.1.2.3 Test Cross Hybrid-1

A total of 42 test cross hybrids were evaluated at Rampur with two check hybrids;

Gaurav and Pioneer. The testers used were RL-111 and RL-189 for developing the

hybrids. The detail result has been presented in Table 8. All the traits of tested

hybrids differed significantly. Among the tested hybrids, 22 hybrids outyielded the

local checks; Gaurav and Pioneer. The highest grain yield was obtained from RL-

25/RL-111 (11310 kg ha-1

) followed by RL-149/RL-111 (10800 kg ha-1

) and RL-

157/RL-111 (10360 kg ha-1

).

Table 8. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of Test Cross Hybrid-1 at NMRP,

Rampur in winter 2009 SN Genotypes Height (cm) Husk

cover (1-5)

No of Grain yield kg ha-1 Plant Ear Plants/ha Ears/ha

1 RL-102/RL-111 242 131 2 50370 56296 9890

2 RL-113/RL-111 183 115 1 51852 54815 9230

3 RL-114/RL-111 200 106 1 56296 63704 9340

4 RL-149/RL-111 219 117 0 54815 82963 10800

5 RL-153/RL-111 203 103 0 50370 53333 9480

6 RL-154/RL-111 221 114 1 51852 56296 10260

7 RL-155/RL-111 238 120 1 50370 50370 9040

8 RL-157/RL-111 228 115 2 47407 48889 10360

9 RL-170/RL-111 203 96 0 50370 62222 10320

10 RL-180/RL-111 227 107 0 54815 50370 8000

11 RL-183/RL-111 197 86 2 50370 51852 9010

12 RL-186/RL-111 210 105 1 48889 53333 8390

13 RL-21/RL-111 186 97 2 44444 60741 8030

14 RL-21-2/RL-111 185 82 0 28148 29630 5410

15 RL-25/RL-111 209 106 1 50370 69630 11310

16 RL-27/RL-111 200 100 3 48889 48889 8400

17 RL-67/RL-111 228 121 1 34074 57778 8730

18 RL-86/RL-111 218 111 0 40000 47407 9070

19 RL-96/RL-111 217 110 1 50370 54815 10000

20 RL-97/RL-111 220 109 1 48889 57778 9970

21 RML-21/RL-111 185 135 1 50370 53333 8410

22 AG-27/RL-189 202 103 0 38519 37037 6920

23 AG-29/RL-189 173 79 0 45926 45926 6520

24 RL-101/RL-189 211 113 0 48597 37562 5040

25 RL-102 /RL-189 223 110 1 45926 44444 6910

26 RL-114/RL-189 208 103 0 45926 42963 6830

27 RL-145/RL-189 205 97 1 40000 25185 5080

28 RL-149/RL-189 192 94 0 42963 40000 4880

29 RL-150/RL-189 212 110 1 50370 50370 8480

30 RL-154/RL-189 145 72 1 47407 29630 2070

31 RL-159/RL-189 238 121 0 48889 44444 6400

32 RL-180/RL-189 200 95 1 50370 45926 5500

33 RL-21/RL-189 170 78 1 48889 48889 6250

34 RL-21-2/RL-189 191 90 2 45926 51852 6650

35 RL-25/RL-189 242 109 1 44444 50370 6570

36 RL-25/RL-189 205 103 2 42963 48889 7560

37 RL-37/RL-189 197 96 0 20998 17778 2690

38 RL-76/RL-189 202 100 3 53333 56296 5970

39 RL-96/RL-189 227 110 0 35556 34074 5110

40 RML-67/RL-189 235 112 0 45926 42963 7720

41 Gaurav 233 105 1 23704 29630 5740

42 Pioneer 210 98 0 45926 44444 6480

Grand mean 208 104 0.857

45855 48408 7590

F-test ** ** - ** ** **

CV (%) 11.7 25.7 98.36 19.7 22.8 18.1

LSD (0.05) 39 26 - 14684 17949 2240


This test cross hybrid trial consisted of 45 entries along with Gaurav as check and

was conducted at Rampur during winter 2009. RL-105 was used as the tester for the

identification of best heterotic partner. Table 9 shows the detail performance of the

tested hybrids. This experiment was not so good because of continuous drought at

growing stage of the crop. The hybrids RL-180/RL-105 produced highest grain yield

(6347 kg ha-1

) followed by L-10/RL-105 (6107 kg ha-1

) and RML-32/RL-105 (5840

kg ha-1

) respectively. The standard heterosis for RL-180/RL-105, L-10/RL-105 and

RML-32/RL-105 was 71.2, 64.7, and 57.5 %, respectively.

Table 9. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of Test Cross Hybrid-2 at Rampur in winter 2009 SN Genotypes Height (cm) No./plot Aspects (1-5) Husk

cover 1-5)

Ear score (1-5)

Grain yield (kg ha-

1)

Standard Heterosis %

Plant Ear Plants Ears Plant Ear

1 L-1/RL-105 167 85 6 7 2.8 2.7 2.2 2.3 2080 -43.9

2 L-10/RL-105 192 92 10 15 2 1.7 1.8 1.5 6107 64.7

3 L-19/RL-105 198 87 10 9 2.2 2.5 2.2 1.8 4240 14.4

4 L-13/RL-105 180 78 7 10 2.5 2.2 2.2 2 4240 14.4

5 L-16/RL-105 202 115 4 6 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.2 2533 -31.7

6 L-17/RL105 163 74 11 11 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.5 3947 6.5

7 L-18/RL-105 175 80 8 10 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.5 3227 -12.9

8 L-19/RL-105 157 83 11 12 3.3 3.2 2.5 2.5 2800 -24.5

9 L-2/RL-105 160 78 6 8 2 2.7 2.5 1.8 3547 -4.3

10 L-2/RL-105 178 82 10 12 2.3 2.5 3.3 2.3 4453 20.1

11 L-3/RL-105 148 75 7 12 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7 5093 37.4

12 L-4/RL-105 187 100 4 6 2.2 2.3 2.8 1.8 2693 -27.4

13 L-8/RL-105 190 97 5 7 2.5 2.3 2.3 1.8 3360 -9.4

14 PIO30G10/RL-105 200 108 9 11 2.3 2.8 1.8 2.5 5147 38.8

15 PU TU-12/RL105 178 83 10 12 2.5 2.2 2.8 1.8 5147 38.8

16 PUTU-13/RL-105 165 78 6 10 3 2.7 2.7 2.3 2987 -19.4

17 PUTU-14/RL105 173 87 11 12 2 2.7 2.5 2 4107 10.8

18 TUTU-16/RL-105 218 100 2 3 2.5 2.3 2.5 1.8 2107 -43.2

19 PUTU-17/RL-105 150 75 9 14 2.8 3 3.2 2.3 4133 11.5

20 PUTU-18/RL-105 197 93 8 11 2.7 2 2.7 1.8 4880 31.6

21 PUTU-19/RL-105 167 88 7 9 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 3333 -10.1

22 PUTU-20/RL-105 170 87 7 11 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.7 3813 2.9

23 PUTU-21/RL105 162 78 8 8 2.5 2.7 2.8 2 2853 -23.0

24 PUTU-22/RL-105 148 75 8 10 3.3 2.3 2 2.2 3467 -6.5

25 PUTU-4/RL-105 127 58 4 5 2.5 3 2 2.2 1787 -51.8

26 RC/RL-105 193 98 3 5 2 2.3 2.5 2.2 2107 -43.2

27 RL-106/RL-105 193 90 6 9 2.2 2.5 2.2 1.8 4400 18.7

28 RL-137/RL-105 182 87 7 9 2.3 2 2.2 2.3 3547 -4.3

29 RL-165/RL105 175 90 6 9 2.5 2.2 2 1.8 2987 -19.4

30 RL-180/RL-105 208 103 11 11 2.3 2.5 2.7 1.8 6347 71.2

31 RL-182/RL105 177 80 6 8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2 3307 -10.8

32 RL-194/RL-105 215 123 7 9 2.2 2.8 2.2 1.8 4160 12.2

33 RL-30-1/RL-105 210 102 7 11 2.2 2 1.8 2.2 4667 25.9

34 RL-74/RL-105 173 78 9 11 2.2 2.5 2 1.8 4480 20.9

35 RL-85/RL-105 200 92 7 9 2.5 2.2 2.2 1.7 3333 -10.1

36 RL-99/RL-105 190 80 11 12 2 2.3 2 2 5013 35.2

37 RML-17/RL-105 170 67 9 11 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 4827 30.2

38 RML-18/RL-105 165 77 4 4 2 2.2 1.5 2.2 2480 -33.1

39 RML-19/RL-105 138 48 8 5 2.5 2.7 2.3 2 2187 -41.0

40 RML-32/RL-105 185 72 10 13 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 5840 57.5

41 RML-4/RL-105 188 85 6 8 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.5 2667 -28.1

42 RML-54/RL-105 167 90 5 6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.2 2880 -22.3

43 RML-55/RL-105 182 92 6 3 2 1.8 1.8 2.3 3760 1.4

44 RML-52/RL-105 190 97 7 9 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 3813 2.9

45 Gaurav 175 73 12 13 3.2 2.7 3 2.5 3707 0.0

Grand mean 178 86 7.4 9 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 3746

F-test * NS ** * NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 14.8 24 34.4 40 25.3 20.8 26.1 19.6 30

LSD (0.05) 43 34 4.15 6 0.99 0.82 0.98 0.66 828.6

3.1.2.5 Test Cross Hybrid-3 This test cross hybrid trial was conducted at NMRP including 45 entries with three

checks namely Arun-2, Gaurav and Pioneer for developing the hybrids. The RML-62

was used as the tester for the identification of best heterotic partner. Table 10 shows the

detail performance of the tested genotypes. Except ear score, all the other traits were

found significantly different among the tested genotypes. Seventeen hybrids outyielded

the checks; Gaurav and Pioneer. Among the tested hybrids RML-8/RML-62 produced

highest grain yield (9030 kg ha-1) followed by RML-4/RML-62 (8920 kg ha-1) and RL-

174/RML-62 (8750 kg ha-1). The standard heterosis of RML-8/RML-62, RML-4/RML-

62 and RL-174/RML-62 with Pioneer was 33.8, 32.1 and 29.6 %, respectively.

Table 10. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of Test Cross Hybrid-3 at NMRP, Rampur in

winter 2009 SN Genotypes Height (cm) Ear

score (1-5)

No of Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

Standard heterosis %

(with Pioneer) Plant Ear Plants/ha Ears/ha

1 RML-6/RML-62 175 97 2 34074 35556 5670 -16.0

2 RL-105/RML-62 237 123 2.3 54815 51852 8070 19.6

3 RL-111/RML-62 225 112 1.7 53333 44444 8410 24.6

4 RML-54/RML-62 233 123 2.8 48889 54815 8130 20.4

5 RML-74/RML-62 210 108 3 42963 47407 7140 5.8

6 PUTU-20/RML-62 211 105 2.3 51852 53333 8420 24.7

7 RML-4/RML-62 204 118 2.5 54815 51852 8920 32.1

8 RL-165/RML-62 255 133 2.5 47407 50370 7480 10.8

9 RL-174/RML-62 202 135 1.7 54815 50370 8750 29.6

10 RL-176/RML-62 227 117 2.5 48889 50370 7150 5.9

11 L-17/RML-62 195 97 2.3 54815 54815 8160 20.9

12 RL-182/RML-62 215 103 2.3 48889 48889 6450 -4.4

13 NML-1/RML-62 207 100 2.2 48889 54815 7690 13.9

14 RL-5/RML-62 198 100 2.5 51852 53333 7480 10.8

15 PIO-30G10/RML-62 218 110 3 53333 51852 7510 11.3

16 RL-106/RML-62 209 116 2 47407 45926 8310 23.1

17 RML-8/RML-62 217 100 1.8 54815 48889 9030 33.8

18 RL-161/RML-62 205 107 2.3 29630 29630 4010 -40.6

19 RL-194/RML-62 212 103 2.5 50370 48889 7890 16.9

20 RML-19/RML-62 230 118 2.5 41481 41481 7210 6.8

21 RL-86/RML-62 208 107 2.3 5926 5926 1210 -82.1

22 RL-99/RML-62 222 117 2.7 20741 19259 2860 -57.6

23 RML-32/RML-62 200 88 2.7 53333 50370 6400 -5.2

24 RL-85/RML-62 200 92 2 63704 62222 7870 16.6

25 RL-172/RML-62 224 112 3 42963 44444 5210 -22.8

26 RL-182/RML-62 215 113 2.7 51852 54815 6360 -5.8

27 RL-175/RML-62 207 113 2.7 44444 50370 7020 4.0

28 RL-30-1/RML-62 211 108 2.2 53333 56296 7490 11.0

29 PUTU-17/RML-62 207 111 2.3 51852 51852 7040 4.3

30 RML-57/RML-62 220 115 2 31111 28148 4450 -34.1

31 RML-55/RML-62 238 128 2.3 48889 50370 8320 23.3

32 RML-18/RML-62 195 82 2.7 48889 47407 6720 -0.4

33 RL-180/RML-62 225 105 2 53333 42963 7240 7.3

34 RL-84/RML-62 206 96 2.2 45926 53333 8250 22.2

35 PUTU-13/RML-62 212 112 2 48889 57778 6850 1.5

36 RML-52/RML-62 217 115 2.2 48889 54815 8250 22.2

37 RL-137/RML-62 233 108 2.8 53333 54815 7940 17.6

38 Arun-2 182 88 2.8 19259 19259 1850 -72.6

39 Gaurav 206 100 2.2 29630 29630 4770 -29.3

40 Pioneer 219 78 2.8 53333 51852 6750 0.0

Grand mean 213 108 2.4 46074 46370 6868

F-test * ** NS ** ** **

CV (%) 9.9 10.4 27.12 15.9 16.11 20

LSD (0.05) 34 18 1 11959 12142 1095


This test cross hybrid was also planted at Rampur during 2009 winter season. The

RL-84 was used as the tester for finding the best heterotic partner. The performance

of the tested hybrids is presented in the Table 11. A total of 70 genotypes including

Gaurav and Pioneer were included in this experiment. Except ear aspect and husk

cover, all other traits of the tested hybrids were statistically significant. Among the

tested hybrids, 16 hybrids surpassed the checks; Gaurav and Pioneer. BIO-S1-5-1-

4/RL-84 was the highest yielder (10440 kg ha-1

) followed by PIO-S1-5-3-3/RL-84

(10180 kg ha-1

) and BIO-S1-5-2-2/RL-84 (10150 kg ha-1

).

Table 11. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of Test Cross Hybrid-4 at NMRP, Rampur in

winter 2009 SN Genotypes Height (cm) No. of

plants/plot Aspects (1-5) Husk cover Grain yield

(kg ha-1) plant ear plant ear

1 A-2 S1-2-1-1/RL-84 193 103 3 3 2.3 2.7 5270

2 PIO-S1-8-1-2/RL-84 217 108 5 2.2 2.5 2.7 8820

3 PIO-S1-9-1-1/RL-84 200 100 8 2.7 2.5 2.3 9040

4 PIO-S1-9-1-3/RL-84 185 97 9 2 2.2 2.3 9610

5 PIO-S1-9-2-1/RL-84 198 98 4 3.2 2.5 1.8 4440

6 PIO-S110-2-2/RL-84 202 100 4 2.7 2.7 2 6040

7 PIO-S1-10-2-4/RL-84 183 100 4 2.8 2.7 2.7 5840

8 PIO-S1-1-1-1/RL-84 175 83 8 2.8 2.7 2.7 7910

9 PIO-S1-1-2-4/RL-84 187 93 9 2.4 2.5 1.7 8230

10 PIO-S1-5-1-2/RL-84 157 70 8 3.2 2.7 1.7 7980

11 PIO-S1-5-2-2/RL-84 197 97 3 3.2 3 2.2 4530

12 PIO-S1-5-3-2/RL-84 200 98 6 2.9 2.3 2.2 10180

13 PIO-S1-5-3-3/RL-84 200 105 4 3.2 2.7 2.5 4300

14 GRGT-S1-5-1-3/RL-84 172 90 7 2.2 2.5 2 9620

15 GRGT-S1-6-1-3/RL-84 198 103 3 3 2.8 2.8 3560

16 GRGT-S1-6-2-2/RL-84 178 112 8 2.5 2.2 2.3 8710

17 GRGT-S1-6-2-4/RL-84 184 92 4 2.8 2.8 2.7 6810

18 GRGT-S16-3-2/RL-84 235 123 6 3.2 3.2 2 7340

19 GRGT-S1-9-1-1/RL-84 168 92 5 3.8 3.7 3 5680

20 GRGT-S19-1-3/RL-84 190 95 4 2.8 2.5 2.8 6640

21 GRGT-S1-9-3-1/RL-84 183 92 7 2.7 2.7 2.2 8140

22 GRGT-S1-9-3-4/RL-84 157 75 6 3.2 2.5 1.8 6770

23 GRGT-S1-10-1-1/RL-84 140 65 4 3.5 3 1.8 6010

24 GRGT-S1-10-1-2/RL-84 190 103 8 2 2.3 1.7 9860

25 GRGT-S1-6-4-3/RL-84 212 115 10 3.2 2.8 2.5 10100

26 GRGT-S1-7-1-1/RL-84 212 120 8 2.7 2.7 2.8 6260

27 GRGT-S1-8-2-3/RL-84 188 73 5 3.2 3 1.7 5140

28 RC-S1-5-2-4/RL-84 215 103 2 3.7 3.2 2.8 3090

29 RC-S1-6-1-1/RL-84 170 83 5 3 2.2 3.2 5620

30 RC-S1-7-1-5 182 88 6 2.5 2 2.3 7600

31 RC-S1-8-1-1/RL-84 183 88 5 3 2.8 3 4470

32 RC-S1-9-2-3/RL-84 197 100 7 2.5 2.2 2.3 9770

33 RC-S1-9-4-1/RL-84 197 97 8 2 2.7 2.5 9900

34 RC-S1-9-4-5/RL-84 187 98 5 2.7 2.8 2.3 4560

35 RC-S1-4-2-1/RL-84 185 107 8 2.7 2.5 2 9650

36 RC-S1-4-3-2/RL-84 202 103 6 2.5 2.8 1.5 8880

37 RC-S1-5-2-2/RL-84 172 82 6 2.8 2.8 2.2 6600

38 RC-S1-5-2-3/RL-84 188 93 6 3.5 3.3 2.2 5820

39 RC-S1-2-1-4/RL-84 203 97 2 3.2 2.3 2.3 4040

40 RC-S1-2-1-5/RL-84 222 117 6 2.5 2.2 2.2 7600

41 RC-S1-4-1-3/RL-84 185 97 4 3.3 3 2.7 5850

42 RC-S1-4-1-5/RL-84 187 103 3 2.5 2.7 2.7 5510

43 BIO-S1-8-1-2/RL-84 177 92 7 3.2 2.8 2.7 6720

44 BIO-S1-8-1-3/RL-84 192 65 6 2.8 2.5 2.5 5680

45 BIO-S1-8-1-4/RL-84 187 95 6 2.2 2.3 2 8190

46 BIO-S1-1-2-1/RL-84 178 95 8 3.5 2.8 3 5920

47 BIO-S1-3-1-1/RL-84 208 87 9 2.5 2.7 2.3 9460

48 BIO-S1-3-1-3/RL-84 163 75 9 2.8 2.5 2 8940

49 BIO-S1-3-2-2/RL-84 170 75 3 3.5 2.8 2.5 3820

50 BIO-S1-3-2-3/RL-84 172 87 8 2.3 2.2 2.5 8040

51 BIO-S1-8-2-1/RL-84 165 87 6 4 2.8 2.2 7430

52 BIO-S1-5-2-2/RL-84 185 108 8 2.4 2.7 3 10150

53 BIO-S1-5-2-3/RL-84 197 88 4 2.8 2.7 2.5 6310

54 BIO-S1-5-3-2/RL-84 165 67 7 2.7 2.5 2.2 9110

55 BIO-S1-5-3-4/RL-84 207 97 3 3.2 3 2.7 4380

56 BIO-S1-5-1-2/RL-84 200 95 8 2 1.8 1.8 8980

57 BIO-S15-1-3/RL-84 192 92 4 3 2.5 2.7 4100

58 BIO-S1-5-1-4/RL-84 228 102 8 2.3 2.5 2.8 10440

59 BIO-S1-3-2-4/RL-84 170 68 5 3.8 3.2 2 4880

60 BIO-S1-3-2-5/RL-84 182 93 3 3 2.3 2.2 4630

61 BIO-S1-4-2-1/RL-84 197 108 3 2.8 2.8 2.8 4730

62 BIO-S1-4-1-4/RL-84 190 88 4 2.7 2.2 2.2 6510

63 BIO-S1-9-3-3/RL-84 163 103 3 3 2.8 2.3 6350

64 BIO-S1-4-1-5/RL-84 203 97 5 3 3 2.5 5800

65 BIO-S1-8-3-2/RL-84 183 85 6 2.5 2.5 2.7 7020

66 BIO-S1-8-3-3/RL-84 183 88 6 3.2 2.5 2.2 7430

67 BIO-S1-9-1-5/RL-84 203 102 7 2.2 1.8 2.3 6880

68 BIO-S1-9-2-3/RL-84 187 80 5 3.5 3 2.3 4200

69 Gaurav 215 102 2 2 1.8 2 5790

70 Pioneer 194 83 7 2.5 2.8 2.3 8430

Grand mean 189 93 5.6 2.9 2.64 2.4 6750

F-test * ** ** * NS NS **

CV (%) 12.9 17.9 29.5 24.3 22.2 26.8 31.7

LSD (0.05) 39.2 26.9 2.7 1.12 0.95 1.03 3450

3.1.3 Evaluation of Multinational Company’s Hybrids

The planting date of both the experiments was late which suffered continuous

drought at the flowering time; hence the experimental yields of tested hybrids are

quite low. Unfortunately at that time the water pump was also not in normal running

condition.

Table 12 shows the detail performance of 26 Indian hybrids including Gaurav tested

at Rampur. Traits like plant aspect, ear aspect, husk cover, number of plants and ears

of the tested hybrids differed significantly where as both plant and ear heights and

grain yields were statistically non- significant. The highest grain yield was recorded

to Jaya Kisan 6485 (1255 kg ha-1

) followed by Thunder (1203 kg ha-1

) and Bioseed-

9681 (1191 kg ha-1

). The lowest grain yield was recorded to Sahara (466 kg ha-1

). In

case of plant heights, the maximum value recorded was 160 cm for B-49 and

minimum value 128 cm for Keshar King-919 and Aditya. The standard heterosis of

Jaya Kisan 6485, Thunder and Bioseed-9681 was 27, 21.8 and 20.5 respectively.

Table 12. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of multinational Hybrids-1 at Rampur, in winter

2009

Table 13. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of multinational hybrids-2 at Rampur in winter 2009

SN Genotypes Height (cm) Aspect (1-5)

Husk cover (1-5)

Numbers./ha Grain yield (kg ha-1)

Plant Ear Plant Ear Plants Ears

1 Premium 143 78 2.3 2.5 3 33000 34000 2975

2 Saharsh 150 87 1.8 1.5 2.3 34000 38333 3319

3 Challenger 123 56 2.3 2 2.5 37333 34333 2317

4 Rukarpio 153 75 2.3 1.8 1.8 41667 38667 1994

5 Prince 138 58 1.8 1.8 1.8 38000 35000 2857

6 Seed Tech 748 135 68 1.8 2 2 34333 30000 1820

7 Pisco 940 130 68 2.3 2.5 1.8 38667 32000 1756

8 Hira Delux 130 73 1.5 1.8 2.3 39000 29333 1400

9 Pioneer 30V92 160 69 2 2.3 2.5 30333 30333 1154

Grand mean 140 70 2.0 2.0 2.2 36259 33556 2177

F-test NS NS NS * * NS NS NS

CV (%) 8.38 13.56 15.5 12.5 12.6 12.55 18.22 37.67

LSD (0.05) 27.04 21.86 0.71 0.58 0.64 10489 14102 1891

Table 13 showed the performance of 9 Indian hybrids tested in NMRP, Rampur.

Except ear aspect and husk cover, all other traits of the tested hybrids were non

significant. Only one hybrid, Saharsh produced more than three ton per hectare yield

under stress condition. The mean grain yields of the tested hybrids ranged from 1154

SN Genotypes Height (cm) Aspect (1-5) Husk cover (1-5)

No. of Grain yield (kg ha-1)

Standard heterosis %

Plant Ear Plant Ear Plants /ha Ears /ha

1 C-1921 157 63 2.7 3.2 2.2 22667 3556 864 -12.6

2 C-1950 150 78 2.7 2.7 1.8 28889 3556 1007 1.9

3 C-6485 143 76 2.8 3.3 2 34222 3778 1151 16.5

4 CP-808 148 70 2.3 2.2 2.3 28444 3111 603 -39.0

5 CP-666 152 83 2.2 2.3 2.2 35556 2889 888 -10.1

6 Bioseed-9681 153 78 2.2 1.8 2.5 25333 2889 1191 20.5

7 Rajkumar 153 77 2.7 2.2 1.8 20889 3556 567 -42.6

8 Pioneer 30B07 138 72 3 3.3 2.5 34667 4000 740 -25.1

9 Keshar King 919 128 63 2.2 1.8 2 22222 2889 876 -11.3

10 Aditya 929 128 74 3.2 3.7 3.2 23556 4222 870 -11.9

11 Godawari 989 153 80 2.5 2.3 2.2 31556 3333 1141 15.5

12 B-49 160 84 3 2.5 2.7 29333 4000 851 -13.9

13 Jaya Kisan C1921 130 77 2.3 2.7 1.7 30667 3111 698 -29.4

14 Jaya Kisan 6485 142 77 1.8 2 1.5 46667 2444 1255 27.0

15 Samrat 1145 153 77 2.2 2.3 2 44889 2889 1098 11.1

16 Premium 142 73 1.7 2.2 2 37778 2222 1062 7.5

17 Sahara 130 75 2.3 2.3 2 27556 3111 466 -52.8

18 Challenger 137 69 2 2.3 1.8 34222 2667 1044 5.7

19 Rufa Pipo 143 82 2.5 2.7 2.2 30222 3333 1028 4.0

20 Prince 148 74 2.2 2.5 2.8 32000 2889 562 -43.1

21 Seed Tech Makai-748 152 77 2.2 2.2 2 40889 2889 1020 3.2

22 Pisco 940 132 80 2.5 2.8 2.5 41333 3333 659 -33.3

23 Hira Delux 156 80 2.2 2 2 38222 2889 1020 3.2

24 Pioneer 30B07 155 75 2.7 2.3 2.3 28000 3556 683 -30.9

25 Thunder 157 75 1.7 1.8 2 41778 2222 1203 21.8

26 Gaurav 140 72 2.7 2.8 2.2 16000 3556 988 0.0

Grand mean 145 75 2.4 2.5 2.2 31829 3188 905

F-test NS NS * ** ** ** * NS

CV (%) 12.1 14.9 20.6 21.1 19.2 22.2 20.8 38.60

LSD (0.05) 28.8 18.4 0.81 0.86 0.68 11577 1078 572.73

to 3319 kg ha-1

. The plant populations in the field were quite low which also affected

the grain yield.

3.2 Improvement work on pre-released and pipeline maize varieties for mid

hills

Improvement work on husk cover and some agronomic traits of Poshilo Makai-1,

S01SIWQ-3, S99TLYQAB, S99TLYQ-B was carried out at NMRP, Rampur in

2009 winter using stratified mass selection (SMS) method. Seeds of released and

experimental varieties were planted in isolation to avoid cross pollination. The plant

population maintained for each population was more than 8000 plants per plot.

The whole plot was divided into small grids and from this grid, uniform, tight husk

covered disease and insect free plants were selected and harvested from that selected

plants only. After harvest, the seed was used for composing trials for multi-location

testing as CVT, CFFT, PVS, IRD and CBSPs groups. Remaining seeds are kept in

cold store. These seeds will be used for the FS production in next season.

Improvements were made on husk cover, plant height and ear placement, maturity

and 1000 seed weight. Positive selection was done for breeder seed production.

Breeder seed will be used for foundation seed production for the next season and

also for PVS and IRD experiments and CBSP activities of HMRP partners.

The amounts of seed produced from these genotypes were as follows:

Variety/genotype Seed produced (kg) Remarks

1. Poshilo Makai-1 150 husk cover improved considerably

2. S01SIWQ-3 7 -

3. S99TLYQ-AB 10 In the process of release

4. S99TLYQ-B 8 -

Improvement on husk cover and agronomic traits of Across 9942xAcross 9944 (ear

to row cum SMS), Deuti, Shitala, Mana-4, Arun-4, Arun-1EV and Pool-17 were

accomplished using SMS and their breeder seeds were increased for FS, CFFT, PVS

for next season.

3.3 Maize Open Pollinated Variety Development for Hills

SR Upadhyay, KB Koirala, RB Katuwal, S Thapa, SK Budhathoki, CB Kunwar,

TR Rijal and JB Chhetri

Maize in Nepal is the second staple food crop in terms of area and production, while

in hills it is principle crop for food, feed, fodder and fuel. The productivity of maize

in the hill is low. Because of rapidly growing population and decreasing food

productivity, food crisis in Nepal especially in hilly regions is rising day by day.

There is a need to improve the productivity of maize in order to improve food

security in the hills. Improved high yielding open pollinated maize varieties need to

be developed for hills for providing varietal options to the farmers/stakeholders.

Therefore, the objective of this project was to develop and or improve and identify

the suitable maize OPVs for hills. Different experiments, i.e., Intermediate Yield

Trial (IYT), Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Coordinated Farmers Field Trial

(CFFT) of early maturing, full season and quality protein maize genotypes, were

carried out at ARS Pakhribas, RARS Lumle, HCRP Kabre and Agriculture Botany

Division, Khumaltar and their Outreach Research Sites representing the hill

environments of Nepal. The trials were conducted during 2009 summer and grain

yields were calculated at 15% moisture content.

3.3.1 Intermediate Yield Trial (IYT)

3.3.1.1 IYT Early Set for hills

Nine genotypes were evaluated at Pakhribas during summer, 2009. Statistically all

the genotypes were non significant for grain yield. The genotype S03TEYSEQ

produced the highest grain yield (3992 kg ha-1

), followed by RampurS03E02 (3595

kg ha-1

) and ACROSS-2401 (3574 kg ha-1

). Genotypes varied from 66 days

(Farmer’s variety and PO445/POP 446) to 72 days (Across-2401/Across-2402 and

S03TEY-FMRE) for tasseling and 68 days (Farmer’s variety) to 75 days (S03TEY-

FMRE, Across-2401, Across-2401/Across-2402 and Arun-1) for silking. Similarly,

plant height ranged from147 cm (PO445/POP 446) to 200 (Farmer’s variety) and ear

height from 66 cm (PO445 /POP 446) to 103 cm (Arun-1).

Table 14. Results of IYT-Early set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in summer 2009 SN Genotypes Days to 50% flowering Height (cm) Disease (1-5) Husk

cover (1-5)

Aspect (1-5) Grain

yield (kg ha-1)

male female plant ear GLS TLB plant ear

1 S03TEY-FMRE 72 75 166 97 2.3 2.8 2821 1.7 2 2821

2 S03TEYSEQ 67 69 198 92 2.5 3 3992 1.3 1.8 3992

3 Across-2401 71 75 164 74 1.7 2.2 3574 1.7 2.3 3574

4 Across-2402 69 71 182 75 2.2 2.5 3560 1.5 2 3560

5 Across-2401/Across-2402 72 75 186 85 1.8 2 2392 1.7 1.5 2392

6 PO445/POP 446 66 69 147 66 3.2 3.2 1857 2.7 3 1857

7 Rampur-S03E02 71 74 187 92 2 2.2 3595 1.3 1.7 3595

8 Arun-1 70 75 194 103 2.8 3.2 2238 2 2.2 2238

9 Farmer’s variety 66 68 200 98 2.8 3.3 3129 1.3 1.5 3129

Grand mean 69 72 181 87 2.4 2.7 3018 1.7 2 3018

F-test ** ** * * ** ** NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 2.5 3.2 10.4 15.4 10.7 9.4 37.5 42.8 27.9 37.5

LSD (0.05) 2.9 3.9 32.4 23.1 0.44 0.44 0.85 1.2 0.97 1961

Table 15. Results of IYT-Early set tested at RARS, Lumle in summer 2009 SN Genotypes Days to 50% flowering Height (cm) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) male female plant Ear

1 S03TEY-FMRE 50 52 190 106 2596

2 S03TEYSEQ 51 53 191 105 2596

3 Across-2401 53 56 168 79 3156

4 Across-2402 52 54 182 98 2850

5 Across-2401/AC 2402 52 54 188 106 3206

6 PO445/POP 446 48 50 163 71 2901

7 Rampur-S03E02 48 50 200 113 2799

8 Arun-1 54 56 220 127 2799

9 Farmer’s variety 54 56 206 119 3155

Grand mean 52 54 190 103 2895

F-test * * * ** NS

CV (%) 4.4 4.4 9.7 8.9 19.8

LSD (0.05) 3.9 4.1 32 15.8 991

Statistically all the genotypes were non significant for grain yield in Lumle condition

(Table 15). Genotype Across-2401/Across 2402 produced the highest grain yield

(3206 kg ha-1

), followed by Across-2401 (3156 kg ha-1

) and Farmer’s variety (3155

kg ha-1

). Genotypes varied from 48 days (RampurS03E02 and PO445/POP 446) to

54 days (Arun-1 and Farmer’s variety) for tasseling and 50 days (Arun-1 and

PO445/POP 446) to 56 days (Arun-1 and Farmer’s variety) for silking (Table 15).

Similarly, plant height ranged from 163 cm (PO445/POP 446) to 220 (Arun-1) and

ear height from 71 cm (PO445/POP 446) to 127 cm (Arun-1).

3.3.1.2 IYT Full Season set for hills

In total ten genotypes were evaluated at Pakhribas during summer season of 2009,

the genotype S00TLY-1AB produced the highest grain yield (5670 kg ha-1

),

followed by COTAXLA0024 (5567 kg ha-1

) and Deuti (5558 kg ha-1

). Other details

are presented in Table 18. In Lumle BLSBRS07F10 produced the highest grain yield

(4880 kg ha-1

), followed by Farmer’s variety (4446 kg ha-1

) and COTAXLA0024

(3889 kg ha-1

). Other details are presented in Table 19.

In Kabre Deuti produced the highest grain yield (7473 kg ha-1

), followed by

COTAXLA0024 (6670 kg ha-1

) and S00TLY-1AB (6648 kg ha-1

). Other details are

presented in Table 20. In Khumaltar Deuti produced the highest grain yield (6915 kg

ha-1

), followed by BLSBRS07F12 (6582 kg ha-1

) and COTAXLA0024 (6185 kg ha-

1) respectively. Other details are presented in Table 21.

All the tested genotypes were non significant for grain yield in Pakhribas, Lumle and

Kabre but significant in Khumaltar. The grain yield of maize varieties tested under

IYT (Full season) at different locations are given in Table 16

The combined analysis across location (Pakhribas and Kabre) revealed that the

genotype Deuti produced the highest grain yield (6516 kg ha-1

), followed by

S00TLY-1AB (6159 kg ha-1

) and COTAXLA0024 (6119 kg ha-1

). The check

Farmer’s variety produced the 4443 kg ha-1

grain yield. The genotype × location

interaction (G×L) was non significant for grain yield. Genotypes varied from 67

days (Farmer’s variety) to 85 days (S00TLY-1AB) for tasseling and 70 days

(Farmer’s variety) to 88 days (S00TLY-1AB) for silking. Similarly, plant height was

ranged from189 cm (BLSBS07F12) to 268 (Deuti) and ear height from 104 cm

(S97TLYGHAYB-3) to 124 cm (Resunga Composite). Other details are presented in

Table 17.

Table 16. Grain yield of IYT-Full season set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and Khumaltar in summer 2009

SN Genotypes Grain yield (kg ha-1)

Lumle Pakhribas Kabre Khumaltar

1 CELAYA00HGYAX00HGYB 3384 4920 6205 4896

2 RESUNGA COMPOSITE 3648 5076 6593 6185

3 COTAXLA0024 3889 5567 6670 5150

4 S97TLYGHAyB-3 3084 4897 5140 4133

5 S00TLY-1AB 3777 5670 6648 5289

6 POZARICA-S9627 2373 4550 6554 3704

7 BLSBRS07F10 4880 5341 5653 5914

8 BLSBS07F12 3438 4552 5590 6582

9 Deuti 3344 5558 7473 6915

10 Farmer’s variety 4446 5303 3583 4210

Grand mean 3626 5143 6011 5298

F-test NS NS NS *

CV (%) 22.9 24.8 20.7 20.03

LSD (0.05) 1426 2189 2131 1820

Table 17. Combined Result of IYT-Full season set (Pakhribas & Kabre) in summer 2009

Table 18. Results of IYT-Full season set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in summer 2009 SN Genotypes Days to 50%

flowering

Height

(cm)

Disease

(1-5)

HC

(1-5)

Aspect

(1-5)

Grain

yield

(kg ha-

1)

male fema

le

plant ear GLS TLB pla

nt

ear

1 CELAYA00HGYAX00HGYB 73 77 209 96 2 2.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 4920

2 RESUNGA COMPOSITE 70 76 224 124 2.3 2.7 1.7 2.8 2.3 5076

3 COTAXLA0024 69 72 217 104 2 2.8 2 2 2 5567

4 S97TLYGHAyB(3) 71 74 194 100 2.5 3 2.2 1.3 1.5 4897

5 S00TLY-1AB 79 82 212 121 1.7 2.3 1.7 2.3 2 5670

6 POZARICA-S9627 76 80 198 98 2.3 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 4550

7 BLSBRS07F10 68 71 209 113 2.2 2.7 1.2 2 1.8 5341

8 BLSBS07F12 71 75 203 105 1.8 2.5 1.3 2.2 2.2 4552

9 Deuti 75 78 213 114 2 2.5 1.8 2.3 1.8 5558

10 Farmer’s variety 73 77 242 130 1.5 2 1.3 2 1.8 5303

Grand mean 72 76 212 111 2.03 2.6 1.6 2.1 1.9 5143

F-test ** ** NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 2.5 4 9.8 13.2 21 18 33.2 26.3 17.6 24.8

LSD (0.05) 3.1 5.3 36 25 0.73 0.8 0.93 0.92 0.57 2189

Table 19. Results of IYT-Full season set tested at RARS, Lumle in summer 2009 SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height, (cm) TLB

Disease (1-5)

Husk cover (1-5)

Aspect (1-5)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

male female plant ear plant ear

1 CELAYA00HGYAX00HGYB 86 91 203 94 1.3 2.3 1.6 1.3 3384 2 RESUNGA COMPOSITE 83 87 227 113 1.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 3648

3 COTAXLA0024 82 84 185 91 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 3889

4 S97TLYGHAyB(3) 83 87 177 92 1.0 2.0 1.6 2.0 3084

5 S00TLY-1AB 89 95 201 107 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 3777

6 POZARICA-S9627 89 94 213 110 1.3 1.6 2.3 1.3 2373

7 BLSBRS07F10 81 83 200 111 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.3 4880

8 BLSBS07F12 84 88 191 104 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.0 3438

9 Deuti 86 92 209 110 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 3344

10 Farmer’s variety 81 83 230 130 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 4446

Grand mean 84 88 204 106 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 3626

F-test ** ** NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 2.8 2.8 9.7 14 39.6 39.5 35.7 31.8 22.9

LSD (0.05) 4 4.3 34 25 0.93 1.1 0.94 0.75 1426

SN Genotypes Days to 50% flowering Height (cm) Grain yield (kg ha-1) male female plant ear

1 CELAYA00HGYAX00HGYB 78 81 215 106 5563

2 RESUNGA COMPOSITE 74 79 245 124 5835

3 COTAXLA0024 73 76 220 106 6119

4 S97TLYGHAyB(3) 76 79 200 102 5019

5 S00TLY-1AB 82 85 224 115 6159

6 POZARICA-S9627 79 83 221 105 5552

7 BLSBRS07F10 73 75 219 115 5497

8 BLSBS07F12 76 79 196 109 5071

9 Deuti 79 82 241 118 6516

10 Farmer’s variety 70 74 252 122 4443

Grand mean 75.9 79.2 223.15 112.2 5577

Genotypes (G) ** ** ** * NS

Environment (E) ** * NS NS NS

G × E ** * NS NS NS

CV (%) 3.82 4.3 11.57 10.99 22.5

LSD (0.05) 3.38 3.99 30.22 14.43 1474

Table 20. Results of IYT-Full season set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) TLB

(1-5) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) male female plant ear

1 CELAYA00HGYAX00HGYB 83 85 221 116 1.5 6205

2 RESUNGA COMPOSITE 79 81 266 124 1.5 6593

3 COTAXLA0024 77 80 224 107 1.2 6670

4 S97TLYGHAyB(3) 81 84 205 104 1.3 5140

5 S00TLY-1AB 85 88 236 110 1.5 6648

6 POZARICA-S9627 82 85 243 112 1.5 6554

7 BLSBRS07F10 77 80 229 116 1.5 5653

8 BLSBS07F12 80 84 189 112 1.2 5590

9 Deuti 83 85 268 122 1.3 7473

10 Farmer’s variety 67 70 261 115 1.5 3583

Grand mean 79 82 234 114 1.4 6011

F-test ** ** NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 4.6 4.5 12.8 8.3 13.2 20.7

LSD (0.05) 6.3 6.3 51 16 0.32 2131

Table 21. Results of IYT-Full season set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Male

flowring (days)

Plant height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Husk Cover

Plant aspects

Ear aspects

Grain yield (kg ha-1)

1 CelayaooHGYA*HGYB 65 218 98 2 3 3 4896

2 Resunga composite 64 243 127 2 2 2 6185

3 Cotaxtla 0024 62 215 100 3 3 3 5150

4 S99TLYGH"AyB"(3) 64 206 98 2 3 3 4133

5 S00TLY-1AB 69 227 114 2 2 3 5289

6 Pozarica S 9627 68 225 106 2 3 3 3704

7 BLSB R S07 F10 63 211 113 2 2 3 5914

8 BLSB R S07 F12 65 224 113 2 2 3 6582

9 Deuti (Std. chk) 68 247 118 3 2 3 6915

10 Farmer’s variety (local chk) 64 231 115 2 2 2 4210

Grand mean 65.2 225 110.2 2.27 2.5 2.83 5298

F test ** ** ** NS NS ** *

CV (%) 2.45 3.8 7.13 21.3 19.9 13.1 20.03

LSD(0.05) 2.7 14.5 13.5 - - 0.63 1820

3.3.1.3 IYT QPM set for hills

The grain yield of maize genotypes tested under IYT (QPM) at different locations is

given in Table 22. The combined analysis across location (Pakhribas, Lumle and

Kabre) revealed that the genotype × location interaction (G × L) was non significant

for grain yield (Table 23). The Farmer’s variety produced the highest grain yield

(5766kg ha-1

), followed by S00TLWQ-B (5575 kg ha-1

) and S99TLYQ-HG-AB

(5533 kg ha-1

). Genotypes varied from 76 days (Farmer’s variety) to 83 days

(S99TLWQW-B, S00TLWQ-B and Poshilo Makai-1) for tasseling and 79 days

(Farmer’s variety) to 88 days (Poshilo Makai-1) for silking. Similarly, plant height

ranged from 191 cm (S01SIWQ-1) to 230 cm (Farmer’s variety) and ear height from

98 cm (S01SIWQ-1) to 122 cm (S99TLYQ-HG-AB).

Statistical analysis of the eight genotypes evaluated at Pakhribas during summer,

2009 showed that the genotypes were non significant for grain yield (Table 24).

Genotype S99TLYQ-HG-AB produced the highest grain yield (6348 kg ha-1

),

followed by Farmer’s variety (5841 kg ha-1

) and CORRELEJO-02SIYQ (5575 kg

ha-1

). In Lumle, there was highly significant difference among the tested genotypes

for grain yield (Table 25). The genotype Farmer’s variety produced the highest grain

yield (2575 kg ha-1

), followed by CORRELEJO-02SIYQ (2102 kg ha-1

) and

S01SIWQ-1 (1811 kg ha-1

). Statistically, the genotypes were non significant for

grain yield in Kabre (Table 26). The genotype S00TLWQ-B produced the highest


), followed by S99TLYQ-HG-AB (7076 kg ha-1

) and

S99TLWQW-B (6806 kg ha-1

). There was a significant difference among the

genotypes for grain yield in Khumaltar (Table 27). The genotype khumal Yellow


), followed by S03TLWQ-AB-01

(3868 kg ha-1

) and S00TLWQ-B (3767 kg ha-1

) respectively.

Table 22. Grain yield of IYT-QPM set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and Khumaltar in

2009 summer SN Genotypes Grain yield (kg ha-1)

Pakribas Lumle Kabre Khumaltar

1 S99TLYQ-HG-AB 6348 1130 7066 2223 2 S99TLWQW-B 5240 1336 6806 3137

3 CORRELEJO-02SIYQ 5575 2102 5189 3089 4 S03TLWQ-AB-01 4673 1229 6743 3868 5 S00TLWQ-B 5291 1383 8041 3767 6 S01SIWQ-1 5019 1811 5880 2715 7 Poshilo Makai-1 4848 1382 5530 2696 8 Farmer’s variety 5841 2575 6434 4379

Grand mean 5354 1618 6461 3234

F-test NS ** NS * CV (%) 19 23 4 20.9 LSD (0.05) 652 5.5 1187

Table 23. Combined Result of IYT-QPM set (Pakhribas, Lumle & Kabre) in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Days to 50% flowering Height (cm) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) male female plant Ear

1 S99TLYQ-HG-AB 82 86 218 122 5533

2 S99TLWQW-B 83 86 214 121 5009

3 CORRELEJO-02SIYQ 80 85 206 110 4796

4 S03TLWQ-AB-01 82 85 208 104 5014

5 S00TLWQ-B 83 87 217 115 5575

6 S01SIWQ-1 79 83 191 98 4682

7 Poshilo Makai-1 83 88 213 111 4372

8 Farmer’s variety 76 79 230 118 5766

Grand mean 81 85 212.1 112.15 5093

Genotype (G) ** ** * * NS

Environment (E) * * NS NS **

G × E ** ** NS NS NS

CV (%) 4.32 4.66 9.89 14.27 20.84

LSD (0.05) 3.3 3.8 20 15.2 1010

Table 24. Results of IYT-QPM set tested at Pakhribas in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Disease (1-5) HC

(1-5)

Aspect (1-5) Rotten ears

Grain yield

(kg ha-

1)

male female plant ear GLS TLB Plant Ear

1 S99TLYQ-HG-AB 76 79 214 108 2 2.3 1.7 2 1.7 1 6348

2 S99TLWQW-B 80 84 240 137 2.2 2.3 1.5 2.2 2.3 2 5240

3 CORRELEJO-02SIYQ 80 83 212 116 1.8 2.2 1.7 2 2.2 1 5575

4 S03TLWQ-AB-01 79 82 212 112 2.3 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.3 2 4673

5 S00TLWQ-B 83 90 225 126 2.2 2.5 1.8 2.5 2.3 2 5291

6 S01SIWQ-1 75 78 216 114 2.2 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.5 3 5019

7 Poshilo Makai-1 79 86 212 112 2.8 2.7 2 1.8 1.7 2 4848

8 Farmer’s variety 82 85 226 117 2 2.5 1.5 2.3 2.2 1 5841

Grand mean 79 83 220 118 2.2 2.4 1.7 2.1 2 1.6 5354

F-test NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 5.9 6.8 7.2 13.2 29.3 20.3 21.7 32.6 28.5 73.7 19

LSD (0.05) 8 9.9 27.6 27.1 1.1 0.87 0.63 1.2 1 2.1 1783

Table 25. Results of IYT-QPM set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) HC

(1-5) Aspects (1-5) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) male female plant ear plant ear

1 S99TLYQ-HG-AB 90 95 164 79 2.3 3.3 3 1130 2 S99TLWQW-B 91 96 164 76 2 3 2 1336 3 CORRELEJO-

02SIYQ 82 87 153 67 1.7 2.7 2.3 2102

4 S03TLWQ-AB-01 89 94 154 69 1.7 2.7 3 1229

5 S00TLWQ-B 94 100 149 77 1.7 2.3 2.3 1383 6 S01SIWQ-1 93 99 146 69 2.7 3.3 2.7 1811 7 Poshilo Makai-1 91 95 177 93 1.7 2.3 2 1382 8 Farmer’s variety 82 87 177 101 1 1.3 1.3 2575

Grand mean 89 94 161 79 1 2.6 2.3 1618 F-test ** ** NS ** NS NS ** ** CV (%) 3 3.6 8.6 7.3 19.6 38 20.1 23 LSD(0.05) 4.7 6 24 10 0.4 1.7 0.81 652

Table 26. Results of IYTQ set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Heigth (cm) Disease score (1-

5)

Aspects(1-5) Grain

yield

(kg

ha-1

)

male female Plant Ear BLSB TLB Plant Ear

1 S99TLYQ-HG-AB 81 85 211 114 1.5 1.3 2 2 7066

2 S99TLWQW-B 81 84 212 111 1.7 1.5 1 2 6806

3 CORRELEJO02SIYQ 74 78 195 104 3.2 1.3 2 2 5189

4 S03TLWQ-AB-01 80 83 189 106 1.7 1.3 1 2 6743

5 S00TLWQ-B 81 84 226 111 1.7 1.5 2 2 8041

6 S01SIWQ-1 78 81 177 92 2.2 1.3 2 3 5880

7 Poshilo Makai-1 80 83 225 116 1.5 1.5 2.7 1 5530

8 Farmer’s variety 65 66 225 107 1.7 1.5 2.3 2 6434

Grand mean 78 81 208 108 1.88 1.4 1.88 2 6461

F-test ** ** * NS NS NS ** NS NS

CV (%) 4 3.9 9.3 9 34.2 10.9 16.5 28.9 17.8

LSD (0.05) 5.5 5.5 33.7 16.9 1.12 0.27 0.54 0.999 2017

Table 27. Results of IYTQ set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Plant height

(cm)

Ear height

(cm)

Husk cover (1-5)

ER (1-5)

PA (1-5)

EA (1-5)


1 S99 TLYQ-HG-AB 199 115 2 2 3 4 2223

2 S99 TLWQ-B 213 127 3 3 3 3 3137

3 CORRALEJO-02-SIYQ 203 98 4 2 3 3 3089

4 SO3 TLWQ-AB-01 203 90 3 2 2 4 3868

5 S00 TLWQ-B 225 115 3 2 3 3 3767

6 SO1 SIQWQ-1 204 104 4 3 2 4 2715

7 Poshilo Makai-1 (Sd. Ck) 211 107 2 2 3 3 2696

8 Khumal Yellow 222 124 2 2 2 3 4379

Grand mean 210 110 3 2 3 3 3234

Ftest * ** NS NS NS NS *

CV (%) 4.6 8.8 20.8 25.2 15.3 18.8 20.9

LSD (0.05) 16.85 16.9 1.49 1.17 0.73 1.12 1187


3.3.2.1 CVT Early for hills

Ten genotypes were evaluated at Pakhribas and Lumle during summer, 2009. Mean

grain yields of the tested genotypes were statistically non significant at both

locations (Table 28 and 29). The genotype Pop-44/Pool-15 produced the highest


), followed by KY/POOL-17 (4266 kg ha-1

) and Arun-2

(4232 kg ha-1

) at Pakhribas where as in Lumle, the genotype S97TEYHG-AyB (3)


), followed by POP-445 (2807 kg ha-1

)

and POP-446 (2777 kg ha-1

).

Genotypes varied from 63 days (Arun-2, Farmer's variety, POP-445 and

S97TEYHG-AyB(3)) to 68 days (Pop-45/Pool-17) for tasseling and 67 days (Arun-

2, Farmer’s variety , POP-445 , Pop-446 and S97TEYHG-AyB(3)) to 72 days (Pop-

45/Pool-17) for silking. Similarly, plant height ranged from161 cm (Pop-445 and

RC/Pool-17) to 198 (Arun-1) and ear height from 68 cm (97TEYHG-AyB(3)) to 107

cm (Arun-2) at Pakhribas, while in Lumle, genotypes varied from 41 days

(S97TEYHG-AyB(3)) to 46 days (Pop-45 /Pool-15) for tasseling and 43 days

(S97TEYHG-AyB(3)) to 48 days (RC/Pool-17) for silking. Similarly, plant height

was ranged from193 cm (Arun-1) to 224 (RC/Pool-17) and ear height from 110 cm

(Pop-445) to 147 cm (Pop-446).

Table 28. Results of CVT-Early set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Disease (1-5) HC

(1-5) Aspect (1-5)

Grain yield (kg ha-1) male female plant ear GLS TLB plant ear

1 Pop-445 63 67 161 85 2.8 2.8 2.2 1.3 2.2 4098

2 Pop-446 64 67 175 86 2.8 3.2 2.5 1.7 2 3418

3 S97TEYHG-AyB(3) 63 67 162 68 2.8 3 2.3 1.3 1.7 2831

4 Ky/ Pool-17 66 69 168 84 2.7 3.2 2 1.7 2 4266

5 Pop-45/Pool-17 68 72 182 89 1.8 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.3 4067

6 Farmer’s variety 63 67 182 94 2.8 3.2 1.7 1.3 1.5 3969

7 RC/Pool-17 66 69 161 93 2.3 2.8 2 1.2 1.3 3779

8 Pop-44 /Pool-15 67 70 188 90 2 2.5 1.7 1.8 1.5 4455

9 Arun-2 63 67 194 107 3 3.3 2 1.3 1.5 4232

10 Arun-1 66 69 198 99 2.8 3.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 2928

Grand mean 65 68 177 89 2.6 2.95 2 1.5 1.7 3804

F-test NS NS NS NS * * NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 3.6 3.4 10.6 14 15.3 11.8 19.3 36.2 27.6 37.5

LSD (0.05) 4 3.9 32 21.6 0.68 0.59 0.68 0.93 0.79 2448

Table 29. Results of CVT-Early set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Grain yield


1 Pop-445 42 44 198 110 2807 2 Pop-446 43 45 214 147 2777 3 S97TEYHG-AyB(3) 41 43 206 112 2939 4 Ky/Pool-17 45 47 215 121 2245 5 Pop-45 /Pool-17 45 47 223 130 1980

6 Farmer’s variety 43 45 213 123 2324 7 RC/Pool-17 44 47 224 134 2340 8 Pop-44/Pool-15 46 48 208 115 2430 9 Arun-2 45 47 217 121 2588 10 Arun-1 44 47 193 121 2548

Grand mean 44 46 211 123 2498 F-test NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 5.4 4.9 12.6 19.5 18.5 LSD (0.05) 4 3.9 46 41 791

3.3.2.2 CVT Full season for hills

Under this trial, nine genotypes were evaluated at Pakhribas during summer, 2009.

All the tested genotypes were non significant for grain yield (Table 32). The

genotype Deuti produced the highest grain yield (5903 kg ha-1

) followed by Rampur

S03F02 (5796 kg ha-1

) and Farmer’s variety (5680 kg ha-1

).

At Lumle and Kabre, there was highly significant difference among the tested

genotypes for grain yield (Tables 33and 34). The genotype Rampur S03F06


), followed by Deuti (4553 kg ha-1

)

and Gulmi-2 (4253 kg ha-1

) at Lumle, while genotype Rampur S03F04 produced the

highest grain yield (8626 kg ha-1

) followed by Gulmi-2 (8576 kg ha-1

) and Deuti

(7473 kg ha-1

) at Kabre.

All the tested genotypes differed significantly for grain yield at Khumaltar (Table

35). The genotype Rampur S03F02 produced the highest grain yield (5536 kg ha-1

),

followed by Gulmi-2 (5297 kg ha-1

) and RampurS03F08 (4818 kg ha-1

). The grain

yield of maize varieties tested under CVT (Full season) at different locations are

given in Table 30.

The combined analysis across location (Pakhribas, Lumle and Kabre) revealed that

Deuti produced the highest grain yield (5976 kg ha-1

), followed by RampurS03F04

(5959 kg ha-1

) and RampurS03F06 (5884 kg ha-1

). The genotype × location

interaction (G × L) was highly significant for grain yield (Table 31). Genotypes

varied from 73 days (Farmer’s variety) to 82 days (Deuti and Rampur S03F02) for

tasseling and 76 days (Farmer’s variety) to 85 days (Deuti, Rampur S03F02 and

Lamaquina0027) for silking. Similarly, plant height ranged from 207 cm

(RampurS03F04) to 250 (Gulmi-2) and ear height from 111 cm (RampurS03F04) to

138 (Gulmi-2).

Table 30. Grain yield of CVT full season set tested at Pakhribas, Lumle, Kabre and

Khumaltar in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Grain yield (kg ha-1)

Pakhribas Lumle Kabre Khumaltar

1 RampurS03F06 5276 5623 6752 4068

2 Gulmi-2 4422 4253 8576 5297

3 OEHPW 3335 3027 2068 1759

4 RampurS03F08 4459 4021 7055 4818

5 RampurS03F02 5796 3421 7451 5536

6 RampurS03F04 5195 4055 8626 4526

7 Lamaquina0027 5228 3151 6413 4304

8 Deuti 5903 4553 7473 3885

9 Farmer's variety 5680 3668 5992 3983

Grand mean 5033 3975 6712 4242

F-test NS ** ** *

CV (%) 18.5 14.8 20.09 24

LSD (0.05) 1608 1015 2334 1760

Table 31. Combined Result of CVT-Full season set (Pakhribas, Lumle and Kabre) in 2009

summer

SN Genotypes

Grain Yield

(kg ha-1)

50% flowering Height (cm)

male female plant Ear

1 RampurS03F06 5884 78 82 229 124 2 Gulmi-2 5750 76 81 250 138 3 OEHPW 2810 80 83 229 116 4 RampurS03F08 5179 76 79 218 114 5 RampurS03F02 5556 82 85 220 118 6 RampurS03F04 5959 77 80 207 111 7 Lamaquina0027 4931 81 85 231 121

8 Deuti 5976 82 85 235 127 9 Farmer’s variety 5113 73 76 240 132

Grand mean 5240 78 82 229 122 Genotype(G) ** ** ** - - Environment (E) ** ** ** ** ** G × E ** ** ** - NS CV (%) 19.17 2.06 2.25 7.2 11.1

LSD (0.05) 1003 0.51 0.58 5.22 4.29

Table 32. Results of CVT-Full season set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Disease(1-5) HC

(1-5)

Aspects(1-5) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) male female plant ear GLS TLB plan ear

1 RampurS03F06 70 74 237 131 3 3.2 1.8 2.8 2.5 5276

2 Gulmi-2 68 72 242 144 2.8 3.2 2.2 3.5 3 4422

3 OEHPW 70 73 234 117 1.8 2.3 1.5 2.8 2.5 3335

4 RampurS03F08 69 72 212 114 3 3.7 2.2 2.3 2.2 4459

5 RampurS03F02 71 75 231 124 2.3 3 1.8 2.7 2.2 5796

6 RampurS03F04 69 71 221 116 2.5 3 1.5 2.2 1.7 5195

7 Lamaquina0027 72 75 243 126 2.5 3 1.7 2.5 2 5228

8 Deuti 72 76 236 128 2.3 3 1.7 2.7 2.2 5903

9 Farmer’s variety 71 75 228 128 2.2 3 1.3 2.5 2.2 5680

Grand mean 70 74 231 125 2.5 3 1.7 2.7 2.3 5033

F-test ** ** NS NS ** ** NS ** * NS

CV (%) 1.3 1.6 9.9 14 10.8 8.4 22.6 11.3 18.2 18.5

LSD (0.05) 1.6 2 39.9 30.6 0.47 0.44 0.68 0.52 0.71 1608

33. Results of CVT-Full season set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Disease (1-5) HC

(1-5) Aspects (1-5) Grain

yield (kg ha-1)

male female plant ear TLB plant ear

1 RampurS03F06 84 88 224 120 2.16 2.00 1.33 1.00 5623

2 Gulmi-2 83 88 251 144 1.33 1.33 2.66 1.66 4253

3 OEHPW 88 91 221 109 1.00 1.33 1.33 1.00 3027

4 RampurS03F08 82 86 211 121 1.33 2.33 2.33 2.00 4021

5 RampurS03F02 90 95 213 120 1.50 1.66 1.00 1.66 3421

6 RampurS03F04 84 87 196 106 2.00 2.33 1.66 1.66 4055

7 Lamaquina0027 89 93 221 108 1.66 2.00 2.00 1.66 3151

8 Deuti 89 93 241 125 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.66 4553

9 Farmer's variety 82 86 243 150 1.00 1.33 1.66 1.66 3668

Grand mean 86 90 225 123 1.33 1.7 1.7 1.6 3975

F-test ** ** ** ** NS NS NS NS **

CV (%) 2 2.5 6.5 7.9 38.6 34 35 46.7 14.8

LSD (0.05) 3 3.9 25 16.7 1 1 1 1.3 1015

Table 34. Results of CVT-Full season set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) TLB

(1-5) BLSB (1-5)

Aspects (1-5) Grain yield (kg ha-1) male female Plant Ear plant ear

1 RampurS03F06 79 83 226 121 1.5 3 2 2 6752

2 Gulmi-2 78 82 258 125 1.3 1.7 3 2 8576

3 OEHPW 82 84 233 121 1.5 1.5 2 2 2068

4 RampurS03F08 76 79 231 107 1.3 2.5 2 1 7055

5 RampurS03F02 83 85 217 111 1.3 2 2.3 2 7451

6 RampurS03F04 79 82 204 111 1.3 2.8 2 1 8626

7 Lamaquina0027 83 86 230 130 1.5 2.7 2 2 6413

8 Deuti 84 86 228 129 1.5 2.5 2 2 7473

9 Farmer's variety 67 67 251 120 1.5 1.7 3 2 5992

Grand mean 79 82 231 119 1.43 2.3 2.3 1.78 6712

F-test ** ** ** NS NS NS ** NS **

CV (%) 2.54 2.32 3.71 10.14 14.1 50.9 8.5 24.8 20.09

LSD (0.05) 3.47 3.28 15 21 0.35 2 0.33 - 2334

Table 35. Results of CVT-Full season set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Plant

height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Husk cover (1-5)

Ear score (1-5)

Plant aspect (1-5)

Ear aspect (1-5)


1 Rampur S03F06 225 116 2 2 3 3 4068

2 Gulmi-2 248 130 2 2 3 3 5297

3 Open ended HPW 216 98 3 1 2 3 1759

4 Rampur S03F08 217 109 2 2 3 3 4818

5 Rampur S03F02 230 122 3 3 2 3 5536

6 Rampur S03F04 202 93 2 3 2 3 4526

7 Lamaquina0027 220 99 2 2 3 4 4304

8 Deuti (std. chk) 240 117 2 2 3 3 3885

9 Farmer’s variety (local check) 226 109 2 2 3 3 3983

Mean 225 110 2.3 2.3 2.6 3.1 4242

F test ** ** NS NS NS NS *

CV (%) 5 10 21 37 20 12 24

LSD (0.05) 19.72 18.16 1760

3.3.2.3 CVT QPM for hills

Eight genotypes were evaluated at Pakhribas, Lumle, Kabre and Khumaltar during

summer, 2009 in this experiment. The grain yields of maize varieties tested under

CVT (QPM) at different locations are presented in Table 36.

At Pakhribas, all the genotypes were statistically non significant for grain yield

(Table 38). The genotype SS00TLYQ-B produced the highest grain yield (5992 kg

ha-1

), followed by S99TLWQ-HG-A (5670 kg ha-1

) and Rampur-S03FQ02 (5253 kg

ha-1

). In Lumle, all the tested genotypes were non significant for grain yield (Table

39). The genotype Farmer’s variety produced the highest grain yield (5021 kg ha-1

),

followed by S00TLYQ-B (3626 kg ha-1

) and S99TLWQ-HG-A (3624 kg ha-1

).

In Kabre, all the tested genotypes were non significant for grain yield (Table 40).

The genotype Farmer’s variety produced the highest grain yield (3180 kg ha-1

),

followed by S99TLYQ-A (3033 kg ha-1

) and S00TLYQ-B (2709 kg ha-1

). In

Khumaltar, all the tested genotypes were non significant for grain yield (Table 41).

The genotype S99TLYQ-A produced the highest grain yield (7378 kg ha-1

), followed

by S99TLWQ-GH-A (5185 kg ha-1

) and S01SIYQ (4258 kg ha-1

).

The combined analysis across location (Pakhribas, Lumle, Khumaltar and Kabre)

revealed that the genotype × location interaction (G×L) was non significant for grain

yield (Table 37). The Farmer’s variety produced the highest grain yield (3457 kg ha-

1), followed by S99TLWQ-HG-A (3389 kg ha

-1) and S00TLYQ-B (3310 kg ha

-1)

respectively. Genotypes and interaction effect (G×E) were highly significant for

plant height. Plant heights of the tested genotypes varied from 184 cm

(RampurS03FQ02) to 225 cm (Farmer’s variety) and ear heights varied from 91 cm

(RampurS03FQ02) to 117 cm (Farmer’s variety).

Table 36. Grain yield of CVT QPM set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and Khumaltar in 2009

summer SN Genotypes Grain yield (kg ha

-1)


1 OBATAMPA 5122 3186 2568 3797

2 S99TLYQ-A 4996 2982 3033 7378 3 S99TLWQ-HG-A 5670 3624 2395 5185 4 S00TLYQ-B 5992 3626 2709 3403 5 SO1SIYQ 5102 3394 2281 4258 6 RampurS03FQ02 5253 3146 2005 2964 7 Poshilo Makai-1 4516 2737 1562 1736 8 Farmer’s variety 4617 5021 3180 1437

Grand mean 5159 3465 2466 3770 F-test NS NS NS NS CV (%) 13.3 29.1 49 33 LSD (0.05) 1199 1765 2133 2170

Table 37. Combined Result of CVT-QPM set (Pakhribas, Lumle & Kabre) in 2009

summer SN Genotypes Height (cm) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) plant ear

1 OBATAMPA 201 100 2940

2 S99TLYQ-A 192 99 3122

3 S99TLWQ-HG-A 190 99 3389

4 S00TLYQ-B 188 92 3310

5 SO1SIYQ 189 100 2922

6 RampurS03FQ02 184 91 3023

7 Poshilo Makai-1 191 100 2487

8 Farmer’s variety 225 117 3457

Grand mean 194.9 99.7 3081.17

Genotypes(G) ** ** NS

Environment(E) ** * **

G × E ** ** NS

CV (%) 8.27 9.9 26.3

LSD (0.05) 18.8 11.6 943

Table 38. Results of CVT-QPM set tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer SN

Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Disease (1-5) HC

(1-5)

Aspects (1-5) No of rotten ears

Grain

yield

(kg

ha-1

) male female plant ear GLS TLB plant ear

1 OBATAMPA 75 81 207 109 2.7 3 1.5 2.3 2.3 3 5122

2 S99TLYQ-A 75 79 216 123 2.7 2.7 1.3 2 2.3 2 4996

3 S99TLWQ-HG-A 74 78 215 124 2.2 2.8 1.3 2.5 2.2 1 5670

4 S00TLYQ-B 75 80 223 121 3 3 2 2.3 2.2 2 5992

5 SO1SIYQ 76 79 219 125 2.7 2.8 1.5 2.5 2 2 5102

6 RampurS03FQ02 75 80 223 116 2.7 2.8 1.8 2.2 2.3 1 5253

7 Poshilo Makai-1 76 80 212 120 2.8 3 1.2 1.7 1.8 1 4516

8 Farmer’s variety 75 79 223 125 2.8 3 1.7 2 2.2 2 4617

Grand mean 75 80 217 121 2.7 2.9 1.5 2.2 2.2 1.8 5159

F-test NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 2.8 2.3 8.8 11.7 15.5 10.4 33.9 33.3 17 69 13.3

LSD (0.05) 3.7 3.2 33 25 0.73 0.53 0.91 1.3 0.64 2.2 1199

Table 39. Results of CVT-QPM set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) TLB

Disease (1-5)

HC

(1-5)

Aspects (1-5) Grain

yield (kg ha-1)

male female plant ear plant ear

1 OBATAMPA 87 92 229 143 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.0 3186

2 S99TLYQ-A 87 91 199 114 2.3 2.3 3.6 2.6 2982

3 S99TLWQ-HG-A 88 92 212 109 2.0 2.3 1.6 2.0 3624

4 S00TLYQ-B 87 92 221 95 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0 3626

5 SO1SIYQ 84 88 201 107 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.0 3394

6 RampurS03FQ02 85 90 181 87 3.0 2.3 3.0 2.6 3146

7 Poshilo Makai-1 89 94 201 104 2.6 2.0 2.6 3.0 2737

8 Farmer’s variety 81 86 238 130 2.3 1.0 2.0 1.0 5021

Grand mean 86 91 209 111 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.2 3465

F-test * * NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 2.7 2.5 12.7 18.7 24.1 33.3 32 39.5 29.1

LSD (0.05) 4 4 46 37 1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1765

Table 40. Result of CVT-QPM set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Height (cm) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) Plant Ear

1 OBATAMPA 231 111 2568

2 S99TLYQ-A 196 99 3033

3 S99TLWQ-HG-A 202 106 2395

4 S00TLYQ-B 187 87 2709

5 SO1SIYQ 199 97 2281

6 RampurS03FQ02 182 88 2005

7 Poshilo Makai-1 183 85 1562

8 Farmer’s variety 273 124 3180

Grand mean 207 100 2466

F-test ** ** NS

CV (%) 7.5 8.2 49

LSD (0.05) 27 14.4 2133

Table 41. Result of CVT-QPM set at ABD Khumaltar in 2009 summer SN Entries 50%

Flowering days

Plant height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

P/p E/plot HC ER EA Grain yield (kg

ha-1)

1 OBATAMPA 65 240 118 23 21 3 2 3 3797

2 S99TLYQ-A 66 201 101 23 19 3 2 4 7378

3 S99TLWQ-GH-A 67 211 99 22 20 2 2 3 5185

4 S00TLYQ-B 64 192 96 24 20 2 2 4 3403

5 S01SIYQ 65 208 105 21 19 3 2 4 4258

6 Rampur S03 F 02 65 208 102 23 21 3 2 4 2964

7 Poshilo Makai-1 (Sd.Ck) 66 210 95 21 19 2 3 4 1736

8 Khumal Yellow (L.Ck.) 65 234 97 23 21 2 2 3 1437

Mean 65.3 213 102 22.5 20 2.5 2.3 3.5 3770

F-test NS ** NS NS NS NS NS ** NS

CV (%) 5 14 8 21 24 27 11 33

LSD (0.05) 3.4 21.5 27.9 3.62 7.9 1.2 1 0.7 2170

3.3.3 Coordinated Farmer's Field Trial (CFFT)

3.3.3.1 CFFT Early Set for hills

At Pakhribas, all the tested genotypes were statistically non significant for their grain

yields but highly significant for plant heights (Table 42). The genotype Arun-2

Produced the highest grain yield (5114 kg ha-1

), followed by Pool-17 (4776 kg ha-1

)

and Arun-1 EV (4714 kg ha-1

). The plant heights ranged from 179 cm (Pool-17) to

206 cm (Farmer’s variety) and ear heights from 129 cm (Arun-4) to 145 cm

(Farmer’s variety).

In Lumle, the tested genotypes were non significant for grain yield (Table 43). The

genotype Pool-17 Produced the highest grain yield (2511 kg ha-1

), followed by

Arun-2 (2407 kg ha-1

) and Arun-1 EV (2395 kg ha-1

) respectively. Genotypes varied

from 50 days (Pool-17) to 56 days (Farmer’s variety and Arun1-EV) for tasseling

and 53 days (Pool-17 and Arun1-EV) to 57 days (Farmer’s variety) for silking.

Similarly, plant height ranged from 174 cm (Pool-17) to 244 cm (Farmer’s variety)

and ear height from 88 cm (Pool-17) to 130 (Farmer’s variety and Arun-4).

Table 42. Result of CFFT early set tested at Pakhribas in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Height (cm) Disease scoring (1-5) HC

(1-5) Aspect (1-5) Grain

yield (kg ha-1)

Plant Ear GLS TLB Plant Ear

1 Pool-17 179 133 1 2 2 2 2 4776

2 Arun-1EV 192 138 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.8 4714

3 Arun-4 183 129 1.1 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.8 4275

4 Arun-2 196 140 1 2.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 5114

5 Farmer's variety 206 145 1.3 2.6 1.1 2.4 2.4 4461

Grand mean 191 137 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.9 4668

F-test ** NS NS NS * NS * NS

CV (%) 2.9 7.6 19 14.5 19.7 24.7 15.8 13.7

LSD (0.05) 8.6 16 0.32 0.51 0.53 0.71 0.46 983

Table 43. Result of CFFT early set tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer

SN Genotypes Height (cm) 50% flowering Grain Yield

(kg ha-1) Plant Ear male female

1 Pool-17 174 88 50 53 2511

2 Arun-1EV 200 129 56 53 2395

3 Arun-4 222 130 54 56 2342

4 Arun-2 187 127 52 54 2407

5 Farmer's variety 244 130 56 57 2003

Grand mean 205 121 53 54 2332

F-test ** ** ** ** NS

CV (%) 10.8 7.2 0.9 1.71 17.3

LSD (0.05) 29.8 11.6 0.62 1.2 540

Figure 2. Stability pattern for grain yield of maize genotypes under CFFT early set at

Lumle and Pakhribas environments in 2009 summer To determine stability and identify superior genotypes across environments, genotype and

genotype x environment (GGE) bi-plot analysis was conducted using GGE bi-plot software.

A genotype closer to the performance line is considered to be more stable than the one

placed farther. So, here genotype Arun-1EV was more stable than other genotypes based on one year data with two locations (Figure 2)

Figure 3. Ranking of maize genotypes with reference to ideal maize genotype for

grain yield at Lumle and Pakhribas environments in 2009 summer

Stability line

Point of ideal

genotype Performance line

In GGE biplot analysis a genotype closer to the centre is more stable than the one

placed farther from the centre. So, here genotype Arun 1-EV was more stable than

other genotypes based on data of single year with two locations (Figure 3)

3.3.3.2 CFFT Full Season for hills

There were six genotypes in this experiment and tested at Pakhribas, Kabre,

Khumaltar and Lumle during summer season of 2009. The grain yields of maize

varieties tested at different locations are presented in Table 48. The grain yields of

tested genotypes were non significant at all locations except Khumaltar. The

genotype BGBYPOP produced the highest grain yield both at Khumaltar and

Pakhribas (Tables 44 and 47), while the genotype Across 9942/Across 9944

produced the highest grain yield both at Lumle and Kabre (Tables 44 and 45).

The combined analysis across location (Pakhribas, Lumle and Kabre) revealed that

the genotype × location interaction (G × L) was non significant for grain yield (Table

49). Genotype Across 9942 /Across9944 produced the highest grain yield (5448kg

ha-1

), followed by BGBYPOP (5134 kg ha-1

) and Manakamana-4 (5115 kg ha-1

).

Days to tasseling of the tested genotypes varied from 66 days (Farmer’s variety) to

73 days (OEHPW) and days to silking ranged from 69 days (Farmer’s variety) to 75

days (OEHPW and BGBYPOP) for silking. Similarly, plant height ranged from 220

cm (BGBYPOP and Across9942/Ac 9944) to 260 cm (Farmer’s variety) and ear

height from 105 cm (P501SRCO/P502SRCO) to 139 (Farmer’s variety).

Table 44. Result of CFFT-Full season tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Disease (1-5) HC

(1-5)

Aspects (1-5) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) Male Female Plant Ear GLS TLB Plant Ear

1 Across 9942 /Ac 9944 69 72 220 108 1.6 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.4 5194

2 OEHPW 73 75 235 119 1.9 2.4 1.7 2 1.8 4525

3 P501SRCO/P502SRCO 71 71 211 96 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.5 5310

4 Manakamana-4 68 70 221 101 2.4 2.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 5164

5 BGBYPOP 70 73 205 111 2.1 2.8 1.8 1.5 1.4 5852

6 Farmer's variety 60 65 259 147 3.2 3.5 1 3.1 2.9 4700

Grand mean 68 71 225 114 2.2 2.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 5124

F-test * NS * ** ** * ** ** ** NS

CV (%) 7.5 7.3 10.4 10.7 26.5 18.7 25.4 24.2 24.5 14.3

LSD (0.05) 6.7 6.8 30.7 16 0.8 0.68 0.55 0.61 0.63 966

Table 45. Result of CFFT-Full season tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer

SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Grain yield (kg ha-1) male male Plant Ear

1 Across 9942/ Across 9944 72 76 232 117 4308

2 OEHPW 74 77 237 118 3599

3 P501SRCO/P502SRCO 75 79 239 107 3454

4 Manakamana-4 74 78 241 113 3865

5 BGBYPOP 74 78 231 115 3253

6 Farmers’ variety 76 79 283 154 4038

Grand mean 74 78 244 121 3753

F-test NS NS * * NS

CV (%) 4.8 5 10.5 19.3 19.8

LSD (0.05) 4.7 5.1 33.7 31 978

Table 46. Results of CFFT-Full season set at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) No/plot Grain yield

(kg ha-1) male female plant ear plants ears

1 Across 9942/Across 9944 74 76 201 106 42 40 6211

2 OEHPW 72 74 228 116 33 30 3971

3 P501SRCO/P502SRCO 68 71 209 110 38 35 5259

4 Manakamana-4 67 70 213 108 38 36 5756

5 BGBYPOP 75 77 218 110 36 36 5606

6 Farmers’ variety 64 67 225 118 39 35 4510

Grand mean 70 72 215 111 37 35 5219

F-test ** ** NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 2.2 2.2 24.4 8.5 10.5 11.9 20.91

LSD (0.05) 2.31 2.36 14.15 5.9 6.3 7.5 1644

Table 47. Results of CFFT-Full season set at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer SN Genotype Plant

height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Husk cover

ER Plant aspect

s

Ear aspect

s


1 Across 9942/Across9944 195 93 2.5 3 2 2 4947

2 Open ended HPW 198 93 2 1 3 3 3904

3 P501SRC0/P502SRCO 209 94 2 3 2 3 4480 4 Manakamana-4 (Sd.

Check) 208 90 2 2 2 3 4756

5 BGBYP 219 119 2 3 2 2 6356

6 Farmers’ variety 213 109 2 2 3 2 4769

Table 48. Grain yield of CFFT Full season set tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and

Khumaltar in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Grain yield (kg ha-1)


1 Across 9942/Ac 9944 5194 4308 6211 4947 2 OEHPW 4525 3599 3971 3904 3 P501SRCO/P502SRCO 5310 3454 5259 4480 4 Manakamana-4 5164 3865 5756 4756 5 BGBYPOP 5852 3253 5606 6356 6 Farmers’ variety 4700 4038 4510 4769

Grand mean 5124 3753 5218 4869 F-test NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 14.3 19.8 20.91 16.7

Figure 4. Stability pattern for grain yield of maize genotypes at Kabre, Lumle,


In GGE bi-plot analysis, a genotype closer to the performance line is considered more stable

than the one placed farther. So, here genotype P501SRCO/P502SRCO is more stable than other genotypes based on data of single year with four locations (Figure 4.)

Figure 5. Ranking of maize genotypes with reference to ideal maize genotype for


summer season of 2009


placed farther from the centre. So, here genotype P501SRCO/P502SRCO was more stable than

other genotypes based on data of single year with four locations (Figure 5).

Table 49. Combined Result of CFFT-Full season set (Pakhribas, Lumle & Kabre) in 2009

summer SN Genotypes Days to 50% flowering Height (cm) Grain yield


1 Across 9942/Across9944 71 74 220 110 5448

2 OEHPW 73 75 235 118 4227

3 P501SRCO/P502SRCO 71 73 224 105 4805

4 Manakamana-4 69 72 229 107 5115

5 BGBYPOP 72 75 220 112 5134

6 Farmer's variety 66 69 260 139 4436

Grand mean 70 73 231 115 4861

Genotype (G) ** ** ** ** *

Environment (E) NS NS NS NS *

G × E ** * NS NS NS

CV (%) 5.4 5.4 10.1 15.4 17.8

LSD (0.05) 3.13 3.28 19.2 14.5 709

3.3.3.3 CFFT QPM for hills

Among the six genotypes evaluated at Pakhribas during summer, 2009, all the tested

genotypes were statistically non significant for grain yield (Table 52). The genotype

Poshilo Makai-1 produced the highest grain yield (6776 kg ha-1

), followed by

S99TLYQ-AB (6474 kg ha-1

) and S99TLYQ-GH-B (5906 kg ha-1

).

In Lumle, the genotype S01SIWQ-3 produced the highest grain yield (4270 kg ha-1

),

followed by Farmer’s variety (4239 kg ha-1

) and S99TLYQ-AB (4182 kg ha-1

)

respectively. All the tested genotypes were non significant for grain yield (Table 53).

In Kabre, the genotype S99TLYQ-AB produced the highest grain yield (5058 kg ha-

1), followed by S99TLYQ-B (5043 kg ha

-1) and S99TLYQ-GH-B (4620 kg ha

-1). All

the tested genotypes were non significant for grain yield (Table 54).

In Khumaltar, the genotype S99TLYQ-GH-B produced the highest grain yield (6409

kg ha-1

), followed by S01SIWQ-3 (5756 kg ha-1

) and S99TLYQ-AB (4454 kg ha-1

).

Mean values of agronomic and yield traits are presented in the Table 55.

The grain yields of maize genotypes tested under CFFT (QPM) at different locations

are presented in Table 50. The combined analysis across location (Pakhribas, Lumle,

Khumaltar and Kabre) revealed that S99TLYQ-AB produced the highest grain yield

(5205 kg ha-1

), followed by S99TLYQ-GH-B (4785 kg ha-1

) and S99TLYQ-B (4764

kg ha-1

). The interaction between genotype × location (G × L) was non significant

for grain yield (Table 51). Genotypes varied from 72 days (Farmer’s variety,

S99TLYQ-B AND S99TLYQ-AB) to 75 days (S01SIWQ-3) for tasseling and 75

days (Farmer’s variety) to 79 days (S01SIWQ-3) for silking. Similarly, plant height

was ranged from 210 CM (S99TLYQ-B) to 270 cm (Farmer’s variety) and ear

height from 104 cm (S99TLYQ-B) to 123 (S99TLYQ-AB).

Table 50. Grain yield of CFFT QPM tested at Lumle, Pakhribas, Kabre and Khumaltar in 2009 summer

SN Genotypes Grain yield (kg ha-1)


1 S99TLYQ-AB 6474 4182 5058 4454

2 S99TLYQ-GH-B 5906 3881 4620 6409 3 S01SIWQ-3 5893 4270 3762 5756 4 S99TLYQ-B 5747 3264 5043 3770 5 Poshilo Makai-1 6776 3990 3472 4285 6 Farmer’s variety 5434 4239 4048 5025

Grand mean 6038 3971 4334 4950 F-test NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 23.4 26.8 24.2 19.93 LSD (0.05) 21.31 1404 1580 -

Table 51. Combined Result of CFFT-QPM set (Pakhribas, Lumle & Kabre) in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) male female plan ear

1 S99TLYQ-AB 72 77 224 123 5205

2 S99TLYQ-GH-B 74 77 220 107 4785

3 S01SIWQ-3 75 79 222 110 4684

4 S99TLYQ-B 72 76 210 104 4764

5 Poshilo Makai-1 74 78 221 109 4726

6 Farmer’s variety 72 75 270 155 4530

Grand mean 73 77 227.92 117.89 4782

Genotypes (G) NS NS ** ** NS

Environment (E) NS NS NS NS NS

G × E ** ** * * NS

CV (%) 4.71 3.79 8.08 15.74 25.52

LSD (0.05) 2.84 2.4 15.15 15.26 1003

Figure 6. Stability pattern for grain yield of maize genotypes at Kabre, Lumle,


In GGE biplot analysis, a genotype closer to the performance line is considered more stable than the one placed farther. So, here genotype S99TLYQ-AB was found more stable than other

genotypes based on data of single year with four locations (Figure 6)

Figure 7. Ranking of maize genotypes with reference to ideal maize genotype for grain

yield at Kabre, Lumle, Khumaltar and Pakhribas environments in summer season of 2009


placed farther from the centre. So, here genotype S99TLYQ-AB was more stable than other

genotypes based on data of single year with four locations (Figure 7).

Table 52. Results of CFFT-QPM tested at ARS, Pakhribas in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Disease

(1-5)

HC

(1-5)

Aspect (1-5) Grain

yield

(kg ha-1

) male female plant ear GL

S

TLB plan

t

ear

1 S99TLYQ-AB 74 78 207 111 1.6 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.2 6474

2 S99TLYQ-GH-B 74 77 198 99 2.3 2.8 2.3 1.3 1.7 5906

3 S01SIWQ-3 77 81 210 101 1.6 2.8 2.2 1.8 1.8 5893

4 S99TLYQ-B 73 78 190 95 2 2.9 2.8 1.8 1.8 5747

5 Poshilo Makai-1 76 81 225 117 1.9 2.9 2 1.8 1.7 6776

6 Farmer’s variety 75 80 271 160 2.8 3.1 1.7 3.2 2.8 5434

Grand mean 75 79 217 114 2 2.8 2.2 1.9 1.8 6038

F-test NS NS

** ** NS NS NS

** ** NS

CV (%) 2.4 2.5 9

13.

7

27.

9 19.7 31.2 19.4 15.8 23.4

LSD (0.05) 2.7 2.9 29.5

23.

5

0.8

5 0.82 1 0.6 0.46 21.31

Table 53. Results of CFFT-QPM tested at RARS, Lumle in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Grain yield


1 S99TLYQ-AB 70 77 236 133 4182

2 S99TLYQ-GH-B 73 78 239 116 3881

3 S01SIWQ-3 73 77 235 117 4270

4 S99TLYQ-B 73 77 234 115 3264

5 Poshilo Makai-1 72 77 225 103 3990

6 Farmer’s variety 77 79 296 174 4239

Grand mean 73 78 244 126 3971

F-test NS NS ** ** NS

CV (%) 7.4 5.7 8.6 19.2 26.8

LSD (0.05) 7.1 5.9 28 32 1404

Table 54. Results of CFFT-QPM at HCRP, Kabre in 2009 summer SN Genotypes 50% flowering Height (cm) Aspects (1-5) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) male female plant ear PA EA

1 S99TLYQ-AB 76 78 211 113 2 1.5 5058

2 S99TLYQ-GH-B 76 77 209 105 1.5 2 4620

3 S01SIWQ-3 79 81 210 103 2 1.5 3762

4 S99TLYQ-B 73 75 191 99 2 1.5 5043

5 Poshilo Makai-1 78 81 205 106 1.5 1.8 3472

6 Farmer’s variety 66 68 224 116 3 2.8 4048

Grand mean 75 77 208 107 2 1.8 4334

F-test ** ** NS NS ** * NS

CV (%) 0.84 1.1 6.4 12.3 18.3 26.4 24.2

LSD (0.05) 0.94 1.3 20.1 19.8 0.55 0.73 1580

Table 55. Results of CFFT-QPM at ABD, Khumaltar in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Days to

tasseling

Plant height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Husk cover

ER GLS E. tur

BLSB PA EA Grain yield (kg ha-1)

1 S9QTLXQ-AB 66 189 102 2 3 3 2 0 3 3 4454

2 S9QTLYQ-HQ 64 200 97 3 3 4 2 0 2 3 6409

3 S01STWQ-3 66 182 72 2 2 3 2 0 4 2 5756

4 S9QTLXQ-B 63 203 97 3 2 4 0 2 2 3 3770

5 Posilo Makai-1 65 215 99 3 2 5 0 2 2 3 4285

6 Khumal (L. Ck) 63 209 92 2 2 4 0 2 2 3 5025

3.4 Maize OPVs (early, Full Season and QPM) Development for Terai, Inner

Terai and Foot Hill Valley

CB Kunwar, DB Gurung and JB Chhetri

In order to develop suitable high yielding open pollinated varieties for Terai, Inner

Terai and Foot hill valley, following varietal development activities were carried out.

3.4.1 IYT Terai Set

This experiment consisted of 18 genotypes including one local and one standard

check. Evaluation was done during winter season of 2066. The result showed that

the mean grain yields, days to tasseling and silking of the tested genotypes were

found highly significant, while the plant and ear heights were non significant (Table

56). The genotype Farmer’s variety (Check) produced the highest grain yield (3219

kg ha-1

), followed by BLSB SO7F12 (2705 kg ha-1

) and RPOP-1 (2693 kg ha-1

).

Table 56. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of maize genotypes under IYT Terai set in

2009 winter SN Genotypes Days to 50% flowering Plant

height (cm)

Ear height

(cm)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1) Male Female

1 TERAI POOL YELLOW 70 73 165 77 1987 2 COTAXTLA S 9627-(1) 79 81 161 70 1698 3 TAKFA- S 9624 80 84 168 80 1142 4 Rampur S03F02 78 82 174 82 1898 5 Rampur S03F04 71 75 166 72 2321

6 Rampur S03 F06 75 78 173 76 2128 7 Rampur S03 F08 72 76 163 73 1875 8 CEL-0HGYA /CEL-0HGYB 73 76 154 67 2161 9 POZARICA-S 9627 (RE) 78 82 166 70 2387 10 S 0128 71 75 175 76 2574 11 Across -9531 (RE) 68 71 159 72 2625 12 AGUA FRIA S 0031 75 78 147 60 1596 13 PHRA PHUTTABAT- S0031 72 76 166 70 2078 14 Rampur Composite 72 75 165 85 2563

15 Farmer’s vaariety 70 73 175 77 3219 16 RPOP-1 74 78 162 72 2693 17 RPOP-2 71 74 191 93 2467 18 BLSB SO7F12 73 76 149 72 2705

Grand mean 74 77 166 75 2229 F-test * * NS NS ** CV (%) 5.1 5.1 10.3 16.4 19.50

LSD (0.05) 6.2 6.5 28.4 20.4 721


Under this activity, twelve genotypes were tested including one standard and one

local check during winter season of 2066. The ANOVA of the tested genotypes

showed that the days to silking were highly significant, whereas days to tasseling,

mean grain yields, plant and ear heights were non significant (Table 57). The

genotype BLSB SO7F12 gave the highest grain yield (2938 kg ha-1

), followed by

Rampur Composite (Standard Check) 2629 kg ha-1

and farmers varieties (Local

Check) 2616 kg ha-1

.

Table 57. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of maize genotypes under CVT Terai set in

2009 winter SN Genotypes Days to 50 % flowering Plant height

(cm)

Ear height

(cm)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1) Male Female

1 BANGALORE 9745 67 71 164 78 1838 2 IQUITOS 9328 RE 73 77 173 85 2085 3 POZARICA 9531 69 72 182 85 2592 4 TAKFA-S- 9536 74 77 168 75 1794 5 SIN-IBP-UTYF 68 68 173 77 1445 6 S97TLYGH "AyB" (3) 69 72 176 72 2312

7 Across 9331 RE 66 69 174 74 2147 8 Rampur Composite 70 74 200 101 2629 9 Farmer’s variety 68 71 176 83 2616 10 RPOP-1 62 65 162 73 1887 11 RPOP-2 67 70 171 82 2474 12 BLSB SO7F12 73 77 165 66 2938

Grand mean 69 72 174 79 2230

F-test * ** NS NS * CV (%) 4.91 4.33 8.98 18.76 20.09 LSD (0.05) 5.72 5.26 26.41 25.15 759.2

3.4.3 CVT QPM

The CVT trial of QPM was carried out with 18 genotypes including one local and

one standard check during winter season of 2066. Mean grain yields of all the tested

genotypes were highly significant. The result also showed that the genotypes

differed significantly for days to tasseling and silking but there was a non-

significant difference for plant and ear heights (Table 58). The genotype S99 TLYQ-

AB was the highest grain yielder (3029 kg ha-1

) followed by S99 TLYQ-GH-AB

(2359 kg ha-1

), and Farmers' Local (2071 kg ha-1).

Table 58. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of QPM genotypes under CVT Terai at

NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter SN Genotypes Days to 50 % flowering Plant

height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Grain yield (kg ha-1) Male Female

1 S03 TLYQ-AB-01 74 77 167 56 1648 2 S03 TLYQ-AB-02 67 71 128 59 1306 3 Rampur S03 FQ 02 71 74 142 62 1426 4 S99 TLYQ-AB 69 72 147 64 3029

5 S00 TLYQ-AB 73 77 139 62 1637 6 S00 TLYQ-B 70 73 122 52 1446 7 S01 SIYQ 69 72 133 68 1580 8 S99 TLYQ-GH-AB 70 73 149 71 2359 9 S99 TLYQ-A 73 77 148 70 1759 10 S99 TLYQ-GH-B 70 73 148 66 1938 11 S02 G29 YQ 54 57 122 45 795 12 Rampur Composite 62 66 151 72 2034

13 Farmer’s variety 63 66 154 51 2071

Grand mean 68 71 142 61 1772 F-test ** ** NS NS ** CV (%) 3.32 3.01 13.65 23.86 25.76 LSD (0.05) 3.80 3.62 32.77 24.68 769

3.4.4 IYT Early set

Intermediate Yield Trial of early set, comprised of 10 maize genotypes, was

conducted during winter season of 2009. From the findings of the experiment, the

genotype Farmer’s variety produced significantly highest grain yield (2816 kg ha-1

),

followed by RampurSO3EO2 (1905 kg ha-1

) and Across-2401/Across-2402 (1859 kg

ha-1

). The ear heights and male flowering (days) were found significant among

genotypes but female flowering (days) and plant height were found non significant

among the tested genotypes (Table 59.)

Table 59. Grain yields and other agronomic traits of maize genotypes under IYTE at NMRP,

Rampur in 2009 winter SN Genotypes 50% tasseling

days 50% silking days

Plant height (cm)

Ear height (cm)


1 SO 3 TEY-FM (RE) 107 112 134 38 1024 2 SO 3 TEY-SEQ 108 123 138 32 1958 3 Across-2401 109 113 131 28 3474 4 W97 EWB F2 107 112 136 35 9031 5 Across -2401/Acrs-2402 108 113 153 41 1859

6 POP 445/POP 446 102 106 119 17 1920 7 Rampur SO3 EO2 107 111 151 43 1905 8 Arun-1 EV 112 117 146 50 89.6 9 Arun-1 102 106 163 57 1710 10 Farmer’s variety 99 103 169 57 2816

Grand mean 106 112 144 40 1071 F-test ** NS NS ** ** CV (%) 2.82 5.67 12.13 25.06 44.08

LSD (0.05) 5.13 10.86 29.99 17.05 810.1

3.4.5 CVT Early set

Ten maize genotypes were tested in CVT during winter season of 2066. The result of

this experiment showed that the genotype POP-44/Pool-15 produced significantly

the highest grain yield (2565 kg ha-1

), followed by Arun-2 (2431 kg ha-1

standard

check) and POP-45/Pool-17 (2115 kg ha-1

). The ear height and male flowering

(days) were found significant among the tested genotypes but tasseling and silking

days were found highly significant among the genotypes (Table 60)

Table 60. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of maize genotypes evaluated under CVTE

at NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter SN Genotypes Days to 50 % Height (cm) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) tasseling silking Plant Ear

1 POP-445 97 101 163 44 2084 2 POP-446 100 105 128 33 1325 3 S97TLYGHAYB (3) 98 103 135 32 1232 4 KY/Pool-17 100 106 160 43 1727 5 POP-45/Pool-17 101 105 160 46 2115

6 ZM-621/Pool-15 98 102 140 47 1918 7 POP-44/Pool-15 104 109 158 50 2565 8 Arun-2 98 102 169 69 2431 9 Arun-1 100 105 149 45 1277 10 Farmer’s variety 101 107 158 54 1584

Grand mean 100 104 152 46 1826 F-test ** ** * * **

CV (%) 1.81 2.16 8.23 22.23 20.64 LSD (0.05) 3.10 3.87 21.47 17.60 646.4

3.5 Agro-morphological Characterization of Maize Inbred Lines DB Gurung, CB Kunwar and KP Dhital

Inbred lines possessing good agro-morphological characters are necessary for

development of maize hybrid and open-pollinated varieties (OPVs). Tassel and ear

characters are important for using inbreds as parents in hybrid seed production. 106

inbred lines during summer and 62 inbred lines during winter season of 2010 were

tested at NMRP to assess their morphological characterization in terms of days to 50

% tasseling, days to 50% silking, anthesis silking interval (ASI), plant height, plant

aspect, ear aspect, tassel length, tassel branch number, tassel structure, tassel color,

ear position, silk color, leaf orientation and number of leaves. Each inbred lines were

planted in 4 rows and all intercultural operations were carried out as per NMRP

recommendations. Data were recorded and assigned accordingly as followings;

Tassel structure: (Compact C=1, Semi Compact SC=2 and Open O=3)

Silk/tassel color score: (above 90% Purple P=1, above 90% Semi purple SP=2

and above

90% White W=3)

Plant aspect/Ear aspect: (Best B=1-2, Fair F=2.1-3, Poor P=3.1-4 and worst

W=4.1-5)

Leaf orientation: (1= erect, 2=semi erect and 3= horizontal)

Data of two seasons were averaged separately and variability is presented in terms of

coefficient of variation, range, mean and standard deviation of each traits. The mean

values of days to 50% tasseliing, days to 50% silking, ASI, plant height, ear height

(ear position), tassel branches and tassel length were 61.9, 63.9, 2.0, 111.9, 49.9, 9.2

and 25.6, respectively in summer season (Table 61). Similarly in winter season the

mean values of days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, ASI, number of leaves,

plant height, ear height, tassel branches and tassel length were 60.5, 64.0, 3.5, 11.0,

144.5, 66.7, 10.3 and 37.3 respectively (Table 62). The largest phenotypic variability

was observed in anthesis-silking interval (coefficient of variation 170.9% in summer

and 57.8% in winter). Anthesis and silking had relatively less variation (10.5 and

12.0% in summer and 11.4 and 11.1% in winter coefficient of variation,

respectively).

Table 61. Descriptive statistics of average agromorphological characters of 106

maize inbred lines at NMRP, Rampur in 2010 summer Items Days to

50 %

tasseling

Days to

50 %

silking

ASI Leaf

orientation

(score 1-

3)

Plant

height

(cm)

Pant

Aspect

(score

1-5)

Ear Aspect

(score

1-5)

Ear

position

(cm)

Tassel

structure

(score

1-3)

Tassel

branch

number

Tassel

Length

(cm)

Mean 61.9 63.9 2.0 2.0 111.9 2.6 2.8 49.9 2.0 9.2 25.6

SE* 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.0 3.0 0.1 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.4 0.6

SD 6.5 7.7 3.4 0.5 31.2 1.2 1.1 17.0 0.7 4.1 6.4

Variance 42.0 59.0 11.5 0.2 973.3 1.4 1.3 288.1 0.4 16.6 41.3

Range 35.0 34.0 23.0 2.0 151.0 4.0 4.0 71.5 2.0 20.0 28.0

CV (%) 10.5 12.0 170.9 25.4 27.9 44.4 40.4 34.0 33.3 44.2 25.1

*SE=Standard error, SD=standard deviation and CV=Coefficient of variation

Table 62. Descriptive statistics of average agro-morphological characters of 62

maize inbred lines at NMRP, Rampur in 2010 winter Items Days

to 50

%

tasseli

ng

Days

to

50%

silki

ng

ASI No.

of

leaf

Leaf

orient

ation

(score

1-3)

Plant

height

(cm)

Pla

nt

Asp

ect

(sco

re

1-5)

Ear

Aspec

t

(score

1-5)

Ear

positio

n

(cm)

Tassel

structu

re

(score

1-3)

Tassel

branc

h

numb

er

(no.)

Tassel

Length

(cm)

Tass

el

color

(scor

e 1-

3)

Silk

color

(score

1-3)

Mean 60.5 64.0 3.5 11.0 2.1 144.5 2.1 2.1 66.7 2.5 10.3 37.3 2.6 2.0

SE* 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 3.6 0.1 0.0 2.5 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1

SD 6.9 7.1 2.0 1.1 0.9 28.6 0.6 0.4 19.7 0.6 3.6 4.5 0.7 0.7

Varia

nce

47.6 50.6 4.1 1.2 0.8 818.1 0.3 0.1 388.6 0.3 12.7 20.2 0.5 0.5

Range 27.0 27.0 15.0 5.0 2.0 116.0 1.5 1.5 86.0 2.0 15.3 18.3 2.0 2.0

CV

(%)

11.4 11.1 57.8 9.9 42.9 19.8 27.9 18.0 29.6 22.3 34.5 12.0 28.

5

35.1

*SE=Standard error, SD=standard deviation and CV=Coefficient of variation

From the experiments, in summer season the inbred lines namely RL-80, RL-85,

RL-116, RML-6, RL-1, RML-17, RML-74, RL-189, PUTU-19, L-1 and RML-7 and

in winter season inbred lines namely RML-4, RML-32, RL-111, PUTU-20, RL-25

and RL-153 were visually observed better and found promising.

The genotypes with minimum ASI can be selected to identify drought tolerance

therefore the variation in anthesis-silking interval (ASI) gives an opportunity to

select inbred lines for developing drought tolerant varieties. Inbred lines having

similar plant height, ear height and ear position can be used for development of

synthetic varieties. The inbred lines consisting of characters like long tassel having

large number of branches can be selected as parents of hybrid development.

3.6 Performance of Promising Maize Hybrids and OPVs in Front Line

Demonstration (FLD)

Table 63. Performance of different maize varieties grown under varietal display (frontline demonstration) at NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter

SN Varieties Days to

50 %

tasselling

Days to

50 %

silking

Plant

height

(cm)

Ear

height

(cm)

Maturity

date

(days)

Plant

aspect

(1-5)

Ear

aspect

(1-5)

Grain

yield

(kg ha-1

)

1 Gaurav 92 95 160 90 165 1.5 1.5 5324

2 RML-4/NML-2 91 95 140 80 154 2 2 7188

3 RML-3/NML-2 89 93 180 110 156 1.5 2 3557

4 Arun-2/RML-8 62 66 200 110 164 3 3 4708

5 C-1950 80 84 220 100 165 3.5 3 3393

6 C-1921 79 83 190 98 167 3 3.5 5142

7 C-6485 80 84 220 116 167 2.5 2 6293

8 Poshilo Makai-1` 85 88 210 105 164 2.5 2.5 5731

9 Shitala 79 83 200 105 155 2 2 5857

10 Narayani 71 74 180 115 145 3 4 3959

11 Upahar 69 72 230 130 151 2.5 2 6749

12 Ramur Composite 70 74 200 130 149 2 2 4710

13 Arun-2 55 58 230 120 130 2 2 3759

14 Pool-17 50 53 180 70 128 3 3 3473

15 Arun-1 EV 54 58 230 122 125 3 3.5 3543

16 Manakamana-1 56 58 210 98 133 2.5 2 3801

17 Rampur SO3 FO6 76 80 200 110 135 2 2 5323

18 Across 9942/Across 9944 76 80 190 118 154 2 1.5 7721

19 Khumal yellow 65 69 200 110 150 2 3 3970

20 Deuti 75 79 205 102 158 1.5 2 4402

21 PoP 445 C1 55 59 210 99 137 3 2.5 2670

22 Pool-16 62 65 230 130 139 2 2.5 2403

23 S99TLYQ-A 74 78 220 130 152 2 2 4690

24 SOOTLYQ-1AB 75 78 170 110 155 1.5 1.5 5287

25 Rampur SO3 FO2 82 86 170 100 149 2.5 3 4758

26 Arun-4 65 69 200 108 135 2.5 3 3525

27 Gulmi-2 81 85 180 100 160 3 2.5 2129

28 CP 666 79 83 182 97 146 2 2 4282

29 CP 808 78 81 142 70 148 1.5 2 5101

30 RC/RML-8 72 76 190 98 154 2.5 3 4930

31 RL-176/RL-84 77 81 170 99 159 2 2.5 3893

32 RL-111/RL-189 86 90 154 80 161 1.5 1.5 5911

33 RML-62/RL-36 84 88 160 80 160 1.5 1.5 4253

34 RML-55/RML-40 69 74 198 107 164 2.5 2.5 4051

35 RC/RL-30-1 74 78 190 88 166 3 2.5 4642

36 Bioseed 9681 70 74 150 80 155 1.5 3 5751

37 Bioseed 76 80 172 92 158 2 2 6154

38 Manakamana-4 75 78 170 81 159 2 2 4796

39 Rampur-2 61 64 160 92 142 3.5 3 3851

40 S99TLYQ-A 76 79 198 92 149 2 2.5 3152

41 Across 9331 67 71 210 108 153 2.5 3 5429

42 Arun-1 59 63 250 70 138 2.5 3 2673

43 Manakamana-3 88 91 210 87 150 2 2 5036

44 Rampur SO3 FO4 84 88 135 82 156 1.5 1.5 4156

45 S99 TLYGHAYB (3) 78 84 175 100 149 2 2.5 4307

46 POP 45/Pool-17 67 70 160 80 130 3 3 3291

47 Gaurav 89 92 140 82 165 1.5 1.5 5250

48 CP 666 82 85 150 81 152 1.5 1.5 7090

49 Bioseed 85 89 150 70 152 2 1.5 5293

Mean 73.96 77.65 187.16 98.61 151.18 2.23 2.35 4640

In this activity, 49 different maize genotypes were tested under front line

demonstration. The tested varieties were categorized in three groups (early,

intermediate and full season) on the basis of their flowering times. The genotypes

which tasseled in between 61 to 70 days were grouped as “early” and the genotypes

which tasseled in between 71 to 80 days were categorized as “intermediate”. The

third group included those genotypes that tasseled in between 81 to 91 days. Among

the tested genotypes, 15 genotypes were grouped as early, 19 as intermediate and 15

as full season, respectively. The grain yields of early, intermediate and full season

genotypes varied from 5400 to 10790 kg ha-1

, 7090 to 11810 and 4790 to 12070 kg

ha-1

, respectively (Table 63). The result of frontline demonstration showed that

Across 9942/Across 9944 produced the highest grain yield (7721 kg ha-1

) followed

by RML-4/NML-2 (7188 kg ha-1

) and CP 666 (7090 kg ha-1

) respectively.

The performance of early maturity group, intermediate maturity group and full

season maturity group maize under frontline demonstration (display plot) are

presented in Annex 4-6 respectively.

3.7 Development, Evaluation and Maintenance of Maize Inbred Lines

Under this activity, 264 different fixed maize inbred lines were planted at NMRP

Rampur during winter season of 2009. Due to some technical reason, few inbred

lines did not germinate in the field. Selfing of germinated inbred lines were done for

the purpose of seed increase for next year planting. The crossings of some inbreds

were done for the purpose of evaluation of hybrids. In this way, 151 lines were

maintained and crossed.

In this experiment, 476 newly developed (S1, S2, S3….) different maize inbred lines

were planted. Many of them were rejected during field evaluation. Some good inbred

lines were selfed for next year advancement.

3.8 Performance of Maize Genotypes under Heat Stress Screening Trials DB Gurung, KP Dhital, CB Kunwar, CL Chaudhary and RK Rajak

Heat stress is one of the major abiotic factors limiting maize yields in Nepal. An

experiment was conducted at National Maize Research Program (NMRP) farm,

Rampur, Chitwan during the summer season of 2010 to identify and select the heat

tolerant maize genotypes. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block

design with two replications. Fourty four genotypes were evaluated. Observations on

days to tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, plant

aspect, ear aspect, unfilled ear, non grain ear, stem borer, wilt and grain yield were

taken. Organic matter @ 10 ton FYM /ha was applied during the field preparation.

Planting was done in 14th

May, 2010 (Baisakh 31, 2067). Row to row 75 cm and

plant to plant 25 cm was maintained. Plot size was two rows of 3 meter length.

Fertilizer dose at 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1

was applied in the experimental field.

Nitrogen half dose, P2O5 and K2O in full doses were used in the planting time.

Remaining half doses of nitrogen again divided into two equal parts, first half dose

applied on 3th

June 2010 (21 days after sowing) at time of weeding and second dose

was applied as side dressing on 1st July, 2010 (45 day after sowing). All intercultural

operations were done as usual.

The results showed that grain yield was significant at Rampur and Parwanipur but

highly significant at Nepalgunj. Data on days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking,

plant height and ear height were found highly significant at each location where as

plant aspect and ear aspect were highly significant at Rampur and Nepalgunj but non

significant at Parwanipur. Similarly, ear diameter was found non significant at each

location.The findings of the Parwanipur trial (Table 65) showed that grain yield

ranged from 1426 kg ha-1

(RL-84) to 4400 kg ha-1

(NML-1/NML-2). The genotypes

varied from 2507 kg ha-1

(PUTU-13) to 7376 kg ha-1

(Upahar) for grain yield at

Nepalgunj (Table 66). Similarly, in Rampur (Table 67), the grain yield varied from

1164 kg ha-1

(POP-446) to 6231 kg ha-1

(Manakamana-4).

The combined statistical analysis (Tables 64 and 68) of the 44 genotypes evaluated

at Parwanipur, Rampur and Nepalgunj during summer, 2010 showed that the

parameters such as 50 % tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, ear length,

plant aspect, ear aspect and grain yield were highly significant but non significant for

ear diameter.The genotype Manakamana-4 produced the highest grain yield

(5298.61 kg ha-1

), followed by Upahar (5228 kg ha-1

) and TLBRS SO7F16 (5144 kg

ha-1

). The results of the experiment indicated that maize genotype RML-4/NML-2,

SO1SIWQ-3 and Rampur SO3 required 64, 67 and 61.8 days, respectively for days

to 50% tasseling. The mean value of days to 50 % tasseling was 54.88 day. The

earliness in tasseling days was occurred because of water stress during crop growing

period. The highest days to 50 % silking was observed on PUTU-13 (67.0) followed

by RML-4/NML-2 (66.67) and S99TLYQ-B (65.83). The anthesis-silking interval

was longest in BGBYPOP (6.167 days) followed by Deuti (5.167 days) and

BLSBS07F10 (4.500 days). The average values of plant height (179.65 cm), ear

height (86.34 cm), ear length (13.69 cm), ear diameter (3.93), plant aspect (2.15), ear

aspect (2.57), unfilled ear (16.4 %), and non grain ear (4.24 %) were achieved. The

average values of biotic infestation i.e. wilt infestation was found only 7.11 % and

stem borer attack was 1.94 %. The less attack of pests was due to moisture stress

resulting in low humidity during crop growing period. Statistically the combined

analysis showed that all the genotypes were highly significant for days to 50 %

tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, plant aspect, ear aspect and

grain yield but non significant for ear diameter and stem borer. Data on wilt % was

found also significant.

Superior yield performance under heat stress conditions is an important and reliable

index of heat tolerance. The maize genotypes namely Manakamana-4, Upahar,

TLBRSSO7F16 and BGBYPOP performed equally well in all locations and their

grain yields were also higher. Based on findings of this research, it could be

concluded that maize genotypes namely Manakamana-4, Upahar, TLBRSSO7F16

and BGBY POP were useful materials under heat stress growing conditions.

Table 64. Combined analysis for grain yield and agronomic traits of maize genotypes under

heat stress screening trials conducted at three different locations (Rampur, Nepalgunj and Parwanipur) in 2010 summer

SN Genotypes Days to 50

%

ASI

(days)

Pl. ht.

(cm)

Ear ht.

(cm)

Ear

Len.

(cm)

Ear

dia.

(cm)

Pl.

Asp.

(1-5)

Ear

As

p.

(1-

5)

Grain

yield

(kg ha-1

) tasse

ling

silk

ing

1 RML-7 59 64 4 188 89 11 4 3 4 2719

2 RL-84 56 59 3 166 79 13 3 3 4 3675

3 RL-30-1 57 61 3 165 89 14 4 3 4 2890

4 PUTU-13 61 67 3 139 66 11 3 4 4 2671

5 Pool-17 45 47 3 161 70 11 3 3 4 3221

6 Arun-1EV 47 50 3 167 79 13 4 2 3 2943

7 Arun-4 57 62 3 171 75 15 4 2 3 3564

8 POOl -16 51 55 3 165 78 13 4 3 3 2927

9 Narayani 50 52 2 170 86 14 4 2 2 4110

10 Upahar 61 62 5 190 90 14 4 2 2 5228

11 Across-9331 53 56 2 173 90 14 4 2 2 3888

12 S 97 TLYHGA YB (3) 52 54 2 173 77 12 4 2 3 3069

13 RC 55 57 3 186 88 13 4 2 3 4086

14 Manakamana-4 56 57 4 182 87 14 4 3 3 5299

15 Arun-2 49 53 1 173 85 13 4 2 3 3409

16 OEHPW 58 61 2 203 97 15 4 2 2 4451

17 P501/RCO/P 502 SRCO 60 64 3 172 69 13 4 2 3 3419

18 BGBY POP 60 65 6 184 93 16 4 2 2 5110

19 S99TYQ-HGB 56 58 1 175 84 13 4 2 2 4194

20 Posilo Makai-1 59 64 4 187 90 15 4 2 2 4636

21 SO 1 SIWQ-3 64 66 3 164 67 13 4 3 3 3498

22 S 99 TLYQ-B 61 66 2 177 78 13 4 2 3 3419

23 Rampur SO 3 FO2 56 59 3 190 96 15 4 2 2 4345

24 Rampur SO 3 FO4 56 59 3 169 78 14 4 2 3 3982

25 Rampur SO3 FO6 57 60 4 192 92 14 4 2 2 4069

26 Rampur SO3 FQ-02 62 65 4 183 82 14 4 2 3 3910

27 BLSB SO7 F 10 54 56 5 174 87 14 4 2 2 4104

28 BLSB SO 7 F12 57 60 3 183 89 14 4 2 2 4466

29 TLBRS SO 7 F 14 55 58 2 190 87 14 4 1 2 4727

30 TLBRS SO 7 F16 56 60 1 188 102 14 4 1 2 5144

31 R POP-1 55 57 2 191 93 13 4 1 2 4411

32 R POP-2 50 53 2 196 101 13 4 2 3 4453

33 R POP-3 53 56 4 178 93 14 4 2 3 4194

34 R POP-4 51 53 3 191 99 14 4 1 2 4799

35 NML-1/NML-2 56 57 1 187 97 15 4 2 3 4780

36 RML-4/NML-2 64 67 2 166 78 14 4 3 3 3555

37 RML-8/RC 49 51 2 184 86 14 6 3 3 4958

38 Mana-3 58 60 4 191 98 15 4 2 2 4206

39 Rampur-2 51 53 3 171 76 14 4 3 2 3375

40 Deuti 57 60 5 192 98 16 4 1 3 4185

41 Pop-446 50 53 3 154 62 12 4 3 4 1883

42 Khumal Yellow 51 55 4 177 86 13 4 2 2 4366

43 Gulmi 54 56 2 234 122 15 4 2 3 3734

44 Resunga Composite 54 57 4 200 94 14 4 2 2 4631

Grand mean 55 58 3 180 86 14 4 2 3 3971

CV (%)

5.40 5.7

0

44.02 9.56 14.05 13.32 20.7 42.86 27.

86

28.70

SD

4.39 4.8

3

1.12 15.29 11.25 1.19 0.40 0.61 0.6

6

771

LSD (0.05)

3.36 3.7

4

1.52 20.63 14.33 2.12 0.93 1.06 0.8

3

1299

F-test Genotypes (G) ** ** ** ** ** ** NS ** ** **

Location (L) ** ** * NS * * NS NS * **

Interaction (G × L) ** ** NS NA NA * NA * ** NS

ASI: anthesis-silking interval, pl:plant, ht: height, Len.: length,dia: diameter,Asp.:aspect and Gr:grain,

Table 65. Analysis for grain yield and agronomic traits of maize genotypes under

heat stress screening trials conducted at Parwanipur in 2010 summer SN Genotypes Days to

50 % tasselling

Days to 50 % silking

Plant Height (cm)

Ear Height (cm)

Ear Length (cm)

Ear diameter

(cm)

Plant aspe

ct (1-5)

Ear aspect (1-5)


1 RML-7 58 63 179 92 9 3 2 4 1839

2 RL-84 64 70 154 79 10 3 3 5 1426

3 RL-30-1 62 64 161 90 13 3 4 3 1889

4 PUTU-13 57 65 139 71 10 3 3 3 3834

5 Pool-17 46 47 150 65 12 3 2 4 2599

6 Arun-1EV 49 52 170 79 12 4 2 3 2739

7 Arun-4 48 50 175 84 13 4 2 3 2972

8 POOl -16 51 53 150 70 11 3 2 4 2046

9 Narayani 55 60 175 92 11 4 3 3 2847

10 Upahar 56 60 179 85 12 3 3 3 3509

11 Across-9331 52 55 185 101 13 4 1 2 3990

12 S 97 TLYHGA YB (3) 54 57 152 70 10 3 3 4 2014

13 RC 54 56 192 101 11 4 3 3 3262

14 Manakamana-4 58 61 177 102 12 3 3 2 3287

15 Arun-2 51 55 157 81 12 4 2 3 3666

16 OEHPW 56 59 213 108 15 4 1 2 3958

17 P 501/RCO/P 502 SRCO

59 64 157 60 10 3 3 4 1482

18 BGBY POP 60 65 178 98 16 4 2 2 4265

19 S 99 TYQ-HGB 56 58 156 80 10 3 3 3 2311

20 Posilo Makai-1 58 63 174 91 13 4 2 3 3265

21 SO 1 SIWQ-3 66 68 148 59 10 4 4 3 1881

22 S 99 TLYQ-B 64 69 177 79 10 3 2 4 1943

23 Rampur SO 3 FO2 57 60 188 87 15 3 2 3 3213

24 Rampur SO 3 FO4 58 61 154 75 12 3 3 3 2715

25 Rampur SO 3 FO6 58 61 192 96 12 4 2 3 3079

26 Rampur SO 3 FQ-02 68 71 164 75 11 3 3 4 2004

27 BLSB SO7 F 10 54 56 185 96 14 4 3 2 3908

28 BLSB SO 7 F12 58 59 181 90 13 3 2 2 3459

29 TLBRS SO 7 F 14 55 58 185 91 12 4 2 2 3629

30 TLBRS SO 7 F 16 57 60 205 114 16 4 1 2 4036

31 R POP-1 54 56 188 103 11 4 1 2 2339

32 R POP-2 53 54 198 110 13 4 1 2 4318

33 R POP-3 53 56 180 94 11 4 1 3 3845

34 R POP-4 52 53 201 113 13 3 1 2 3741

35 NML-1/NML-2 57 58 192 98 13 4 2 3 4400

36 RML-4/NML-2 68 71 153 75 13 4 3 4 2308

37 RML-8/RC 49 52 188 91 13 4 3 3 4336

38 Manakamana-3 58 60 195 110 14 3 2 2 4133

39 Rampur-2 51 54 165 76 11 3 2 3 2876

40 Deeuti 56 59 204 116 14 4 1 3 2960

41 Pop-446 50 53 139 62 9 3 3 5 1644

42 Khumal Yellow 51 55 159 83 12 4 1 2 3986

43 Gulmi 54 56 243 137 13 4 2 4 2880 44 Resunga Composite 52 56 193 95 11 4 2 3 3159

Grand mean 56 59 176 89 12 4 2 3 3045

CV (%) 6.7 7.4 11.5 15.9 14.9 510.1

42.3

31.2 28.8

SD 4.996 5.630 21.39 16.57 1.687 0.3438

0.758

0.748 874

LSD (0.05) 7.565 8.751 40.783 28.604 3.658 79.548

1.811

1.793 1771

F-test ** ** ** ** * NS NS NS *


heat stress screening trials conducted at Nepalgunj in 2010 summer SN Genotypes Days to

50 % tasselling


Plant height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Ear length (cm)

Ear Diameter (cm)

Plant As

pect (1-5)

Ear aspe

ct (1-5)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

1 RML-7 60 66 191 78 11 3 3 3 2781

2 RL-84 56 60 171 73 13 4 4 4 3523

3 RL-30-1 62 64 155 73 16 4 3 4 4120

4 PUTU-13 64 72 126 54 10 4 4 4 2507

5 Pool-17 46 47 157 63 7 2 4 4 3882

6 Arun-1EV 49 52 169 72 14 4 2 4 4263

7 Arun-4 49 51 161 67 17 4 2 2 4453

8 POOl -16 56 58 174 82 15 4 3 3 4407

9 Narayani 54 58 181 73 16 4 1 2 5718

10 Upahar 56 60 190 85 17 4 1 1 7376

11 Across-9331 55 58 170 78 15 4 1 2 5163

12 S 97 TLYHGA YB (3) 54 57 173 65 15 4 1 2 4590

13 RC 54 56 184 79 14 4 1 1 5209

14 Manakamana-4 62 63 176 72 16 4 2 2 6377

15 Arun-2 52 55 181 78 13 4 2 2 3734

16 OEHPW 56 59 189 82 16 4 2 1 5921

17 P 501/RCO/P 502 SRCO 58 64 178 66 15 4 1 2 5362

18 BGBY POP 58 63 190 86 17 4 1 2 7370

19 S 99 TYQ-HGB 57 58 192 85 14 4 1 2 5642

20 Posilo Makai-1 58 63 189 78 17 5 2 2 5118

21 SO 1 SIWQ-3 66 68 170 63 17 4 2 3 7174

22 S 99 TLYQ-B 61 66 171 69 14 4 1 2 4619

23 Rampur SO 3 FO2 57 60 179 84 16 4 1 1 6379

24 Rampur SO 3 FO4 59 63 173 70 16 4 1 3 5574

25 Rampur SO 3 FO6 59 64 190 82 17 5 3 2 6127

26 Rampur SO 3 FQ-02 68 71 190 74 16 4 1 2 6305

27 BLSB SO7 F 10 53 56 160 76 15 4 2 2 4482

28 BLSB SO 7 F12 58 59 172 77 14 4 1 2 6188

29 TLBRS SO 7 F 14 55 59 192 79 16 4 1 2 5594

30 TLBRS SO 7 F 16 56 60 182 85 15 4 1 2 6158

31 R POP-1 54 56 180 79 15 4 2 2 6203

32 R POP-2 52 55 200 90 11 4 3 4 4371

33 R POP-3 53 56 173 90 16 4 3 3 5202

34 R POP-4 52 53 184 82 15 4 2 2 6339

35 NML-1/NML-2 57 58 185 95 18 4 1 3 6318

36 RML-4/NML-2 66 70 164 68 16 4 4 3 4802

37 RML-8/RC 49 52 184 81 16 4 1 2 6356

38 Manakamana-3 58 60 185 81 15 4 2 3 5134

39 Rampur-2 51 54 171 72 16 4 3 1 3880

40 Deuti 56 60 185 87 18 4 2 3 5788

41 Pop-446 50 53 150 51 11 4 3 4 2840

42 Khumal Yellow 50 55 181 80 14 4 1 1 5439

43 Gulmi 54 58 221 98 17 4 3 2 5309

44 Resunga Composite 52 55 214 90 17 4 3 3 5734

Grand Mean 56 59 178 77 15 13 2 2 5223

CV (%) 5.7 5.8 6.2 12.1 13.7 462.2 19.9

24 14.8

SD 4.88 5.49 16.07 9.76 2.21 0.458 1.00

0.94

1175

LSD (0.05) 6.43 6.85 22.17 18.80 4.14 120.53

0.76

1.03

1562.36

F-test ** ** ** ** ** NS ** ** **


heat stress screening trials conducted at Rampur in 2010 summer SN

Genotypes Days to 50 % tasselling


Plant height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Ear length (cm)

Ear Diameter (cm)

Plant aspect (1-5)

Ear aspect (1-5)


1 RML-7 54 56 194 97 13 4 3 4 3538

2 RL-84 51 54 173 87 15 4 2 3 6075

3 RL-30-1 60 60 179 104 13 4 3 4 2663

4 PUTU-13 62 65 153 74 14 4 4 4 1671

5 Pool-17 44 47 176 83 13 4 4 4 3181

6 Arun-1EV 44 47 162 85 13 4 3 3 1826

7 Arun-4 43 43 179 74 14 4 3 3 3269

8 POOl -16 44 46 171 82 12 4 4 4 2329

9 Narayani 43 47 155 92 15 4 1 3 3766

10 Upahar 55 58 201 101 14 5 3 2 4799

11 Across-9331 53 55 165 93 13 4 3 3 2510

12 S 97 TLYHGA YB (3) 48 50 196 97 12 4 3 3 2603

13 RC 58 60 182 84 14 4 3 5 3786

14 Manakamana-4 49 50 193 87 14 4 3 4 6231

15 Arun-2 44 49 181 95 12 4 4 4 2827

16 OEHPW 61 65 208 103 15 4 3 4 3476

17 P 501/RCO/P 502 SRCO

62 64 180 80 13 4 3 4 3414

18 BGBY POP 63 66 184 96 14 4 2 3 3694

19 S 99 TYQ-HGB 55 55 177 88 15 4 1 2 4629

20 Posilo Makai-1 61 65 199 101 15 4 2 2 5527

21 SO 1 SIWQ-3 60 62 173 80 11 4 4 4 1439

22 S 99 TLYQ-B 59 63 185 86 14 4 2 4 3694

23 Rampur SO 3 FO2 56 59 204 118 15 4 3 2 3443

24 Rampur SO 3 FO4 51 55 181 88 14 4 2 2 3657

25 Rampur SO 3 FO6 54 56 193 97 13 4 2 2 3001

26 Rampur SO 3 FQ-02 51 54 195 99 14 4 2 3 3421

27 BLSB SO7 F 10 54 56 178 88 14 4 2 2 3922

28 BLSB SO 7 F12 57 61 197 102 14 4 2 3 3750

29 TLBRS SO 7 F 14 54 56 195 91 15 4 1 1 4958

30 TLBRS SO 7 F 16 57 60 177 108 13 4 2 1 5239

31 R POP-1 57 60 205 99 14 5 1 1 4693

32 R POP-2 46 49 191 102 15 4 2 3 4672

33 R POP-3 54 56 181 97 17 5 2 3 3535

34 R POP-4 50 53 188 102 14 4 2 2 4315

35 NML-1/NML-2 54 56 185 99 14 4 3 3 3623

36 RML-4/NML-2 58 59 181 91 14 4 2 3 3554

37 RML-8/RC 49 51 180 85 14 5 4 4 4183

38 Manakamana-3 58 60 192 104 15 4 1 1 3350

39 Rampur-2 51 52 178 81 16 4 3 3 3369

40 Deuti 59 62 187 92 15 4 2 2 3807

41 Pop-446 51 53 172 74 15 4 3 4 1164

42 Khumal Yellow 52 54 190 97 13 4 3 2 3673

43 Gulmi 54 56 237 132 15 4 2 3 3013

44 Resunga Composite 57 61 195 97 16 4 1 2 5000

Grand mean 53 56 185 93 14 4 2 3 3643

CV (%) 6.8 7.1 9.7 16.

3 17.4

6.28 48.5 35.

5 39.2

SD 5.657 5.768 14.77 11.27

1.125 0.2470 0.932

0.937

1111

LSD (0.05) 4.23 4.67 19.85 16.01

2.70 0.493 1.18 1.04

1769.7

F-test ** ** ** ** * NS ** ** *

Table 68. Combined analysis on pest infestation of maize genotypes under heat stress

screening trials conducted at three different locations (Rampur, Nepalgunj and Parwanipur) in 2010 summer

SN Genotypes Wilt % Stem borer %

SN Genotypes Wilt % Stem borer %

1 RML-7 20.17 3.83 26 Rampur SO3FQ-02 2.33 0.0 2 RL-84 6.0 0.00 27 BLSB SO7F10 3.17 1.50 3 RL-30-1 1.17 5.0 28 BLSB SO7F12 6.0 0.83 4 PUTU-13 11.0 2.17 29 TLBRS SO7F 14 2.0 0.0 5 Pool-17 12.83 8.33 30 TLBRS SO7F16 7.17 0.0 6 Arun-1EV 6.17 1.67 31 R POP-1 8.33 0.0 7 Arun-4 2.0 3.17 32 R POP-2 9.0 0.0 8 POOL-16 9.0 2.67 33 R POP-3 18.33 1.17 9 Narayani 3.83 0.83 34 R POP-4 8.33 0.83

10 Upahar 1.67 6.83 35 NML-1/NML-2 14.50 2.50 11 Across-9331 2.50 0.0 36 RML-4/NML-2 4.17 8.0 12 S 97 TLYHGA YB (3) 7.0 1.83 37 RML-8/RC 3.0 0.0 13 RC 8.50 0.0 38 Mana-3 7.0 0.0 14 Manakamana-4 1.50 7.17 39 Rampur-2 4.0 2.17 15 Arun-2 6.33 1.17 40 Deeuti 4.67 0.0 16 OEHPW 7.0 0.72 41 Pop-446 10.33 0.0 17 P 501/RCO/

P 502 SRCO 8.83 5.83

42 Khumal Yellow 6.33 0.0

18 BGBY POP 6.00 0.83 43 Gulmi 1.50 2.0 19 S 99 TYQ-HGB 1.83 2.0 44 Resunga Composite 11.17 0.0

20 Posilo Makai-1 5.50 4.0 Grand mean 7.11 1.94 21 SO 1 SIWQ-3 11.17 0.0 CV (%) 131.67 266.64 22 S 99 TLYQ-B 19.0 0.83 SD 4.687 2.313 23 Rampur SO 3 FO2 6.33 2.33 LSD (0.05) 10.89 5.827

24 Rampur SO 3 FO4 10.83 2.33 F-test Genotypes (G) * NS 25 Rampur SO 3 FO6 5.17 2.67 Location (L) NA NS Interaction (G × L) NA NA

4 AGRONOMY

4.1 Seed Production and Distribution of Maize and Other Crops BR Regmi and G Sunar

Seed is the easiest and cheapest means for increasing the crop productivity. Quality

seed has great importance in agriculture. It increases the productivity of crop by 10-

30%. It reduces the seed rate by 10-30%. The Nepalese formal seed supply system

and institutional arrangement include three types tire of seed productions. They are

Breeder Seed (BS), Foundation Seed (FS) and Improved Seed (IS). The research

stations of NARC and few production farms under the Department of Agriculture

(DOA) are mandated to produce breeders and foundation seeds whereas the certified

seeds are produced by the private sectors such as National Seed Company (NSC),

I/NGOs, Farmers Association, CBOs and individual farmer in different parts of the

country. They are provided required amounts of FS seeds. For the purpose of breeder

seed production, Rampur Composite, Arun-2, Manakamana-3, Deuti, Shitala,

Manakamana-4 and Poshilo Makai-1 were grown in isolation during winter 2009/10.

Stratified mass selection was followed for the purpose.

In total 50 metric tones of maize seed was produced by NMRP. Seeds production

statistics is presented in the Figure 8.

Table 69. Maize seed production (metric tons) statistics in 2066/067

Commodities Unit Annual Target Annual

production

Maize FS MT 31 30.45

Maize BS MT 0.77 2.50

Maize improved seed MT 10 17.84

Total MT 41.77 40.80

Maize mixed MT 0 17.17

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Maize FS Maize BS Maize improved

seed

Maize mixed

Different types of maize seed

Pro

du

cti

on

(t/

ha)

Annual production

Figure 8. Scenario of different types of maize seed production (metric tons) in 2066/67

Released varieties and some experimental varieties were planted in 2009 September

at the farm lands of NMRP, Rampur. Both time and space isolations were followed.

About 500 ears were selected from each population. Three hundred ears were

selected finally and seeds from each ear were planted in rows as female rows and

male rows were made from balance composite of all ears. Seeds were planted in 4:1

ratio. The whole plot was divided into small grids and from each grid, uniform, tight

husk covered disease and insect free plants were selected and harvested keeping in

view that those desirable characters should not be escaped. Seeds from these

harvests, trial sets were composed for multi-location testing under CVT, CFFT,

PVS, IRD and seed production under CBSP groups. Remaining seeds are kept in

cold store. These seeds will be used in next season for foundation seeds. Seeds are

produced in the following quantities (Table 70). Table 70. Seed production of maize OPVs in 2066/67

SN Genotypes Seed produced ( kg) Remarks

1. Deuti

580 Husk cover improved and still need to continue

2. Shitala

185

3. Manakamana-4

40

4. Arun-4

50 In the process of release

5. Arun-1EV

10 In the process of release

6. Pool-17

40

7. Across 9942/Across 9944

15

Total 920

Table 71. Seed production of different types of maize seeds and other crops at NMRP,

Rampur in 2066/67

4.2 Response of Promising Maize Hybrids to Different Population Levels

at NMRP during Summer Season of 2066 BB Pokharel, JB Chhetri and N Dhakal

Maize demand is increasing day by day due to requirement of maize for both human

food and animal feed. To fulfill the high demand, hybrid cultivation is the only way.

Due to lack of tillering behavior in maize, optimum plant population needs to be

known to get maximum yield. Three hybrids were tested in this experiment to know

the optimum plant population level. Design was two factors RCBD with 3

replications. First factor consist of three promising maize hybrids such as NML-

1/NML-2, RML-8/RC and RML-4/NML-2. Similarly, second factor consist of four

levels of population such as 88,888 (75x15 cm), 66,666 (75×20 cm), 53,333 (75×25

cm) and 83333 (60× 20 cm). In each plot, there were 4 rows of 5 meter long but net

harvested area includes only middle two rows. The parameters recorded were plant

height (cm), ear height (cm), plant number, no. of lodged plant, ear number, no. of

barren plant, no. of rotten ear, no. of insect affected ear, ear score, field weight (kg),

moisture at harvest (%), stover yield (kg), ear circumference (cm), ear length (cm),

Maize varieties Grade Production (kg) Rice varieties Grade Production (kg)

Rampur Composite

Breeder 400 Ramdhan Foundation 8883

Foundation 6570 Sabitri Foundation 6240

Improved 3450 Hardinath-1 Foundation 990

Arun-2

Breeder 780 Mixed (fine) Mixed 4650

Foundation 3970 Mixed (coarse) Mixed 2704

Improved 3666 Total Rice seed 16113

Deuti

Breeder 580

Foundation 5960 Wheat varieties Grade Production (kg)

Improved 4550 NL-297 Foundation -

Manakamana-3

Breeder 550 Gautam Foundation 500

Foundation 8150 BL-3063 Foundation 1000

Improved 5580 Mixed Wheat Mixed 740

Shitala Breeder 0 Total wheat seed 1500

Foundation 1220

Manakamana4

Breeder 40 Sunhemp Seed 1200

Foundation 800

Improved 100

Poshilo Makai-1 (QPM)

Breeder 150

Foundation 3300

Improved 500

Manakamana-1 Breeder 0

Foundation 0

Pool-17 Breeder 0

Foundation 0

Pool-15 Breeder 0

Foundation 0

Arun-1 EV Breeder 0

Foundation 0

Across 9942/Across 9944 Breeder 0

Foundation 400

Arun-4 Breeder 0

Foundation 0

Arun-1 Breeder 0

Upahar Foundation 0

Across 9331 Foundation 1

Popcorn Grain 130

S99TLYQ-B Foundation 80

BGBYP Foundation 2

Z97EWBF2 Breeder 2

SO1S1WQ-02 Breeder 2

Mixed Mixed 17043

Total Maize seed 50803

no. of rows per ear, no. of grain per row per ear, thousand grain weight (gm) and

grain yield (t ha-1

). Data were entered in Excel and analysed through GENSTAT.

In the above experiment, hybrid produced very highly significant (P<0.001) effect

on ear height, plant number, lodged plant and moisture at harvest. It produced highly

significant on ear number, field weight, ear circumference, rows per ear and grain

yield. It produced significant effect on plant height and ear length. Hybrid produced

non significant effect on all other traits. Population levels produced highly

significant (P<0.01) effect on plant number and significant effect on ear number,

moisture at harvest and grain per row per ear. Population levels produced non

significant effect on all other traits. Interactions produced highly significant effect on

plant number and significant effect on ear length. Interactions were not significant in

all other traits. Grain yield was non-significantly affected by the interaction effect of

hybrid and spacing. The highest mean grain yield (6700 kg ha-1

) was given by RML-

4/NML-2 with 75×20 cm (66,666 plant/ha) spacing followed by the same hybrid at

75×15 cm (88,888 plant/ha) (Table 72). On an average, RML-4/NML-2 (6240 kg ha-

1) gave the highest grain yield than other hybrids. Similarly, 75×20 cm (66,666

plant/ha) gave the highest grain yield than other spacings.

Table 72. Interaction effect of hybrid and spacing on grain yield (kg ha-1

) Factor A (Hybrid)

Factor B (Population levels) Grain yield (kg ha-1) 75 × 15 cm

(88,888 plant/ha)

75 × 20 cm (66,666 plant/ha)

75 × 25 cm (53,333 plant/ha)

60 × 20 cm (83,333 plant/ha)

NML-1/NML-2 4590 5490 5430 5060 5140

RML-8 /RC 4350 5390 5050 3750 4640

RML-4 /NML-2 6190 6700 6050 6030 6240

Average 5040 5860 5510 4950 5340

4.3 Response of Promising Maize Inbreds to Different Nitrogen Levels

during Summer Season of 2066 BB Pokharel, JB Chhetri and N Dhakal

Inbreds are the basic materials to produce hybrid. Fine tuned evaluations of inbreds

are necessary for appropriate parent selection to make hybrid. Four inbreds were

tested in this experiment to know the optimum nitrogen level. The design was two

factors RCBD with 3 replications. First factor consist of four inbred lines such as

NML-2, RL-105, RL-111 and RML-4. Similarly, second factor consist of three

levels of nitrogen such as 120:60:40, 150:60:40 and 200:60:40 NPK kg ha-1

. The

parameters recorded were plant height (cm), ear height (cm), plant number, no. of

lodged plant, ear number, no. of barren plant, ear score, field weight (kg), moisture

at harvest (%), stover yield (kg), ear circumference (cm), ear length (cm), no. of

rows per ear, no. of grain per row per ear, thousand grain weight (gm) and grain

yield (kg ha-1

). Data were entered in excel and analysed through GENSTAT.

In the above experiment, inbreds produced highly significant (P<0.01) effect on

plant height and ear height. Inbreds produced non significant effect on all other

traits. In case of ear circumference, ear length, rows per ear, grain per row per ear

and thousand kernel weight, data of one replication was only obtained so statistical

analysis was not possible. Nitrogen levels and interactions produced non significant

effect on all traits. Interaction effect of inbred lines and nitrogen on grain yield was

non significant. But maximum yield (1650 kg ha-1

) was given by RL-111 at

150:60:40 NPK kg ha-1

followed by NML-2 (1440 kg ha-1

) at 200:60:40 NPK kg ha-

1. The least yield was given by RML-4 (803 kg ha

-1) at 150:60:40 NPK kg ha

-1. On

an average, NML-2 (1370 kg ha-1

) gave the highest yield than other inbreds.

Similarly, 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1

gave the highest yield than other doses of

nitrogen. Thus, NML-2 is the high yielding inbred line and 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1

is

the optimum dose of macro nutrients fertilizer for maize.

Table 73. Interaction effect of inbred and nitrogen on grain yield (kg ha-1

)

Factor A (Inbred line)

Factor B (Nitrogen level) Average grain yield (kg ha-1) 120:60:40 NPK

(kg ha-1) 150:60:40 NPK (kg ha-1)

200:60:40 NPK ( kg ha-1)

NML-2 1420 1250 1440 1370 RL-105 1190 820 1170 1060 RL-111 1380 1650 1040 1360 RML-4 1220 800 1200 1070

Average 1300 1130 1220 1220

4.4 Response of Promising Maize OPVs to Different Population Levels at

NMRP during Summer Season of 2066 BB Pokharel, JB Chhetri and N Dhakal

Highly successful hybrid have not yet released by NARC, so just now we have to

focus on OPVs. Maize plant lacks tillering behavior, so, optimum population is very

necessary to get maximum yield. Three OPV maize varieties were tested in this

experiment to know the optimum population level. Design was two factors RCBD

with 3 replications. First factor consist of three promising OPV maize varieties such

as AC 9942/AC 9944, Arun 4 and S97TLYGHA"YB(3)". Similarly, second factor

consist of four levels of population such as 75 cm × 25 cm, 75 cm × 20 cm, 60 cm ×

20 cm and 75 cm × 15 cm. In each plot, there were 4 rows of 5 meter long but net

harvested area includes only middle two rows. The parameters recorded were plant

height (cm), ear height (cm), plant number, no. of lodged plant, ear number, ear

score, field weight (kg), moisture at harvest (%), stover yield (kg), ear circumference

(cm), ear length (cm), no. of rows per ear, no. of grain per row per ear, thousand

grain weight (gm) and grain yield (t ha-1

). Data were entered in excel and analysed

through genstat.

In the above experiment, OPV produced highly significant (P<0.01) effect on plant

number, moisture at harvest, stover yield, ear circumference and thousand kernel

weight. It produced significant effect on ear height and grain per row per ear. OPV

produced non significant effect on all other traits. Population levels produced highly

significant (P<0.01) effect on plant number and significant effect on lodged plant,

stover yield, ear circumference, ear length and grain per row per ear. Population

levels produced non significant effect in all other traits. Interactions produced

significant effect on thousand kernel weight. Interactions were not significant in all

other traits. Interaction effect of OPV and spacing on grain yield was non significant.

But maximum yield was given by AC 9942/AC 9944 (5530 kg ha-1

) at 75 × 20 cm

(66,666 plants/ha) followed by S97TLYGHA"YB(3)" (5440 kg ha-1

) at 75 × 25 cm

(53,333 plants/ha). The least yield (3690 kg ha-1

) was produced by Arun-4 at 75 × 15

cm (88,888 plant/ha). On an average, AC 9942/AC 9944 (4610 kg ha-1

) gave the

highest yield than other OPVs. Similarly, 75 × 25 cm (53,333 plant/ha) gave the

highest yield (4610 kg ha-1

) than other spacings. Thus, 53,333 plant/ha is optimum

for OPV.

Table 74. Interaction effect of OPV and spacing on grain yield (kg ha-1

)

Factor A (OPV)

Factor B (Population levels) Average

grain yield (kg ha-1)

75 × 25 cm (53,333 plant/ha)

75 × 20 cm (66,666 plant/ha)

60 × 20 cm (83,333 plant/ha)

75 × 15 cm (88,888 plant/ha)

AC 9942/AC 9944 4310 5530 3940 4670 4610 Arun-4 4070 4210 4230 3690 4050 S97TLYGHA"YB(3)" 5440 4020 4070 4740 4570

Average 4610 4590 4600 4600 4600

4.5 Participatory Technology Development and Dissemination Support for

HMRP Research & Development Partners

NMRP had composited experimental sets for PVS (mother-baby trial) IRDs,

diamond for DoA and CBO and NGOs. NMRP distributed 33405 kg of foundation

seeds to the HMRP partners mainly for certified/improved seed production purpose

through HMRP partners. Also 120 sets of mother trial, 2100 sets of baby trial, 18250

sets of IRDs and 600 sets of diamond trial were distributed with the objective of

scaling up and promotion of developed and promising genotypes.

Table 75. Details of the seeds and sets distributed to the HMRP partners Particulars kg/sets Remarks

Seeds for CBSP groups 33405 kg Distributed seed covers about 1670 hectares and expected a minimum of 2505 metric tons of seeds.

Mother trial 120 sets

Baby trials 2100 sets IRDs 18250 kg Diamond trial 600 sets

5 SOIL SCIENCE

5.1 Effects of Manures and Fertilizers on Different Maize Genotypes BH Adhikary and BR Baral

Four improved maize varieties (Rampur Composite, Manakamana-4, S99TLYQ-B

and Across 9942/Across 9944) were tested for the fertilizer nutrients at different

levels of NPK (Table 76) The experiment was conducted in a factorial RCB design

with 3 replications during the years 2009/10 in the farmland of NMRP, Rampur. The

crop was planted in the month of September in the plot size of 12 sq. m. (4m × 3m).

Fertilizer response to yield and yield components were studied and analysed

statistically. All amounts of P and K fertilizers were applied basally but N was

applied half as basal and the other half as top dressing. Soil samples were collected

before crop planting and after crop harvest and analysed for their nutrient content.

Soil pH was measured in soil water paste ratio of 1: 2.5 and measured with

combined glass electrode. Nitrogen (N) was analysed by Micro-kjeldahl method.

Table 76. Treatments used in the experiment on effects of manures and fertilizers on

different maize genotypes Factor A Factor B

Varieties (genotypes) (V) Fertilizer and manures (F)

V1 V2 V3 V4

Rampur Composite Manakamana-4 S99TLYQ-B Across-9942/Across 9944

F1 F2 F3 F4

F5 F6

Control FYM @ 10 t/ha (FYM containing 0.5% N, 0.3% P and 0.5 % K) FYM @ 10 t plus 110 kg NPK nutrients (60:30:20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ ha) FYM @ 10 t plus 220 kg NPK nutrients (120:60:40 kg N,

P2O5 and K2O /ha). 330 kg NPK nutrients (180:90:60 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha) 220 kg NPK nutrients (120:60: 40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha)

Table 77. Effect of different doses of manures and fertilizers on the grain yield and yield attributing characters of maize genotypes at NMRP, Rampur in 2009/10

Ttreatments name

Treatments combinations

Plant height (cm)

Ear height

(cm)

Ear length

(cm)

Kernel rows/

ear (no.)

Kernel/ row

(no.)

Stover wt (kg

ha-1)

1000 grain

wt (g)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

T1 V1F1 128 63 11.4 10.7 22.6 2230 314 2860 T2 V1F2 155 75 12.2 12.0 24.2 2900 350 3740

T3 V1F3 178 81 13.8 12.8 31.1 4160 406 4960

T4 V1F4 185 87 14.1 13.1 31.9 5100 453 5840

T5 V1F5 184 87 14.2 13.0 30.5 4660 426 6260

T6 V1F6 180 83 13.8 12.6 29.1 4460 428 5630

T7 V2F1 105 51 10.4 11.5 21.1 2430 316 2240

T8 V2F2 154 70 11.7 13.3 25.3 3200 396 3830

T9 V2F3 175 80 13.8 15.2 28.5 3930 418 5340

T10 V2F4 189 81 14.9 15.5 31.7 4630 466 5990

T11 V2F5 185 88 14.3 15.3 30.2 4300 451 5960

T12 V2F6 174 82 14.2 15.1 30.7 4260 446 5280

T13 V3F1 112 57 9.7 11.7 19.7 2500 314 2300

T14 V3F2 143 67 11.6 13.7 25.5 3800 357 3360

T15 V3F3 173 86 12.6 15.7 29.3 4160 424 5120

T16 V3F4 182 90 13.4 16.3 30.9 4660 477 6280

T17 V3F5 181 85 13.3 15.7 28.8 4360 455 6190

T18 V3F6 169 84 13.2 15.1 29.1 4130 441 5770

T19 V4F1 106 56 9.9 11.6 20.7 3030 323 2750

T20 V4F2 153 68 11.7 13.5 25.0 3730 370 3920

T21 V4F3 171 80 14.3 14.9 28.3 4330 413 4990

T22 V4F4 176 84 14.9 15.2 32.5 4630 438 5760

T23 V4F5 172 80 13.9 14.9 30.5 4660 402 5740

T24 V4F6 167 75 14.1 14.9 29.1 4500 408 5280

Grand mean

162 77 13.0 13.9 27.8 3950 404 4810 F-test Variety (a) ** * ** ** NS ** ** NS

Fertilizer (b) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

a x b NS NS NS NS NS * - NS

CV (%) 7.17 6.99 4.62 7.52 6.25 7.04 6.94 15.32

LSD (0.05) a 7.818 3.594 0.402 0.701 - 186 18.79 -

b 9.574 4.402 0.493 0.858 1.428 228 23.02 605

a x b - - - - - 456 - -

The findings of the experiment illustrated by figure 9 showed that the interaction

between fertilizer @ 10 t FYM plus 120:60:40 NPK kg/ha and variety namely

S99TLYQ-B produced the highest grain yield (6280 kg/ha) followed by interaction

between fertilizer @ 180:90:60 NPK kg/ha and variety namely Rampur Composite

(6260 kg/ha).

Var

iety

Fer

tiliz

er

F6F5F4F3F2F1

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

V4V3V2V1

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

Variety

V3

V4

V1

V2

Fertilizer

F3

F4

F5

F6

F1

F2

Figure 9. Interaction between different levels of fertilizers and varieties on grain yield

The results (Table 77) revealed that the highest stover yield of 5100 kg ha-1

was

produced by V1F4 treatment followed byV1F5, V3F4 and V4F5 (4660 kg ha-1

each).

Similarly, highest grain yield of 6280 kg ha-1

was produced by V3F4 treatment

followed by V1F5 treatment (6260 kg ha-1

). The lowest grain yield (2240 kg ha-1

)

was obtained from V2F1 treatment in the year 2009/10 in NMRP field at Rampur,

Chitwan. The effect of variety was non-significant where as the effect of fertilizers

was highly significant.

5.2 Effects of Different Rates of Nitrogen and Plant Densities on Hybrid

Maize

BH Adhikary and BR Baral

Hybrid maize RML-4/NML-2, was tested for 3 levels of nitrogen (60, 90 and 120 kg

ha-1

), and 3 plant densities for the grain yield of maize (Table 78). A factorial RCB

design with 3 replications was employed in the experiment. The crop was fertilized

with basal application of 10 t of compost and 60:40 kg ha-1

of P2O5 and K2O,

respectively in all the experimental plots. Three levels of N was applied in the

respective plots, half as basal application and the other half as topdressing at knee

high stage. The crop was planted in September at a spacing of 30×60 cm (55,555

plants); 25×60 cm (66,666 plants) and 20×60 cm (83,333 plants per ha) and

harvested in January at full maturity stage. The crop was sown using 12 m2 (3×4 m)

plot for each treatment, each replication. Soil samples were collected before crop

planting and after crop harvest and analyzed for pH, organic matter, and nitrogen

content. Growth and production parameters were recorded when ever appropriate

and data were analyzed following LSD method. The following treatments

combination as shown below, were used in the experiment. The results revealed that

highest stover yield (9100 kg ha-1

) was recorded with D2N2 treatment followed by

D2N3 (8900 kg ha-1

). Similarly, the highest grain yield (12160 kg ha-1

) was recorded

in D3N2 followed by D2N2 (12100 kg ha-1

). The effect of density on grain yield was

observed to be non-significant where as the effect of nitrogen was found to be highly

significant.

Table 78. Treatment combination for N x D experiment SN Treatments Nitrogen (kg ha-1) Plant population /ha Spacing (cm) Remarks

1 D1N1 60 55,555 plants 30 x 60 10 t of compost and 40: 30 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and K2O were applied basally in all the plots.

2 D1N2 90 55,555 plants 30 x 60

3 D1N3 120 55,555 plants 30 x 60

4 D2N1 60 66,666 plants 25 x 60

5 D2N2 90 66,666 plants 25 x 60 6 D2N3 120 66,666 plants 25 x 60

7 D3N1 60 83,383 plants 20 x 60

8 D3N2 90 83,383 plants 20 x 60

9 D3N3 120 83,383 plants 20 x 60

Table 79. Effect of nitrogen rates on the growth and yield characters of maize planted at varying densities (N x D) at NMRP farmland, Rampur in 2009/10

Treatment

name

Treatment

combination

Plant

height

(cm)

Ear

height

(cm)

Ear

length

(cm)

Kernel

rows/

ear

(no.)

Kernel/

row

(no.)

Stover

wt (kg

ha-1)

1000

grain

wt (g)

Grain

yield (kg

ha-1)

T1 D1N1 148.7 59.7 12.3 13.3 27.5 6060 411 8980 T2 D1N2 168.0 70.4 14.8 16.1 32.5 8760 445 11010 T3 D1N3 168.3 78.0 14.1 15.9 32.8 8700 456 10990 T4 D2N1 162.7 67.3 13.3 15.0 30.1 6830 425 10170 T5 D2N2 174.7 79.7 13.5 16.1 32.2 9100 457 12100 T6 D2N3 173.0 73.3 14.3 16.5 32.6 8900 477 11470 T7 D3N1 165.3 68.3 12.8 15.6 29.1 6900 411 9130 T8 D3N2 170.7 74.0 13.5 16.0 30.6 8800 448 12160 T9 D3N3 177.7 79.7 14.1 16.4 33.1 8660 456 12040 Grand mean 167.7 72.3 13.6 15.7 31.2 8080 443 10890 F-test Density (a) * NS NS * NS NS ** NS

Nitrogen (b) ** * ** ** ** ** ** ** a x b NS NS * * NS - NS NS

CV (%) 4.61 9.46 2.51 3.89 5.86 5.42 2.44 8690 LSD

(0.05)

a 7.76 - - 0.678 - - 10.06 - b 8.46 7 0.355 0.626 1.875 448 10.06 0.846 a x b - - 0.512 1.085 - - - -

Den

sity

lev

el

Nit

roge

n l

evel

N3N2N1

12000

11000

10000

9000

D3D2D1

12000

11000

10000

9000

Density

D3

level

D1

D2

Nitrogen

N3

level

N1

N2

Figure 10. Interaction between different levels of nitrogen and plant density

on grain yield

5.3 Effects of Micronutrients on Maize Production BH Adhikary and BR Baral

Field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of the year 2007/08,

2008/09 and 2009/10 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3

replications in the acidic soils (pH 5.1) of NMRP farmland, Rampur, Chitwan. Some

plots received only compost or NPK fertilizer and some do not (control plots) while

most of the plots were treated with micronutrients along with NPK fertilizers as

indicated in the treatment details, below. The experimental plot size was 4.5 m × 5 m

(22.5 m2) and net harvest area was 15 m

2 for yield estimation. The row to row and

plant to plant spacing was 75 cm and 25 cm, respectively. The maize variety Rampur

Composite was seeded at the rate of 20 kg /ha. Seeds were seeded in the month of

September in all years. There were 9 treatments with various combinations of

micronutrients (B, Mn, S, Zn and Mo), manures and fertilizers. The source of

fertilizers were urea, DAP, MOP, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulphate, borax,

manganese oxide and elemental sulphur. All required micronutrients, compost, P and

K were applied according to the treatments as a basal application but N was splitted

into two. The half N was applied as basal and the remaining half amount was side-

dressed when the maize crop was at knee high stage. The crop was harvested in the

month of February. Composite soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed

for their nutrient content. Growth and grain production parameters were recorded

and analyzed statistically. The results indicated a sharp response of micronutrients in

the growth and grain production of maize. The highest grain yield (5230 kg ha-1

) was

recorded when the crop was supplied with most of the micronutrients but lacked

boron element (Table 80). On the contrary, the highest stover yield (7800 kg ha-1

)

was produced when all of the micronutrients (B, Zn, Mo, S and Mn) were applied.

Table 80. Response of different micronutrients on maize growth and yield

components for the year 2009/10 Treatments Plant

height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Ear length (cm)

Ker nel rows/ear (no.)

Kernel /row

1000 grains wt (g)

Stover yield (kg ha-1)


T1 (control) 118 59 8.4 10.5 16.1 300 3230 1990

T2 (N120:P60:K40) 188 97 13.7 13.6 24.0 362 7160 2710

T3

(T2+B+Zn+Mo+S+Mn)

181 92 14.1 14.4 25.2 342 7800 5180

T4 (T3+no B) 187 91.3 15.0 13.9 25.9 374 7160 5230

T5 (T3+no Zn) 188 91.3 14.1 13.7 22.7 372 6900 4680

T6 (T3+no S) 182 87 13.8 13.2 25.5 356 7330 3590

T7 (T3+no Mn) 175 92 14.1 14.0 22.3 380 6830 5000

T8 (T3+no Mo) 187 92.3 14.7 13.9 23.3 427 7360 5140

T9 (compost20 alone) 160 73 10.5 11.1 19.1 359 5560 2420

Grand mean 174 86.1 13.2 13.2 22.7 363 6590 3990

F-test * * ** ** ** ** ** **

CV (%) 9.91 14.1 10.79 5.71 12.34 5.52 6.86 12.96

LSD (0.05) 29.83 21.1 2.45 1.3 4.84 34.74 783 897

Treatments combinations:

T1=N0P0K0B0Zn0Mo0S0Mn0 (Control);T2=N120P60K40(120:60:40kgN: P2O5:K2O/ha).

T3= N120P60K40+ B5Zn5Mo0.5S20Mn12 (T2+5 kg B/ha+ 5 kg Zn/ha + 0.5 kg Mo/ha +

20 kg S/ha + 12 kg Mn/ha);T4= N120P60K40+ B0Zn5Mo0.5S20Mn12 (T3 but no boron).

T5= N120P60K40+ B5Zn0Mo0.5S20Mn12 (T3 but no Zinc); T6= N120P60K40+ B5 Zn5

Mo0.5 S0 Mn12 (T3 but no sulphur);T7= N120P60K40+ B5 Zn5 Mo0.5 S20 Mn0 (T3 but no

manganese).T8= N120P60K40+ B5 Zn5 Mo0 S20 Mn12 (T3 but no molybdenum).

T9= C20 (Compost @ 20 ton/ha)

6 ENTOMOLOGY

6.1 Relative Susceptibility of Maize Genotypes to Maize Stem Borer,

Chilo partellus Swinhoe in Field P Thakur

Maize stem borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe have been implicated as major one to

maize production throughout the country. It attacks maize plants from whorl stage to

maturity of the plants by creating opening for the entry of disease organisms. Host

plant resistance offers an economic, stable and ecologically sound approach to

reducing damage by Chilo partellus. Resistant materials can be used in breeding

programs in host plant resistance studies or directly in variety testing prior to

recommendation or release.

A total of 32 elite maize genotypes including OPV, QPM, Hybrids and local check

were evaluated in RCB design with three replications at NMRP, Rampur during

2066/67 with a view to find out the resistance source of maize stem borer, Chilo

partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Among the tested varieties, 22 were

OPVs, 6 QPM and 4 hybrids. Trial was seeded on 12 October 2009. Plot size per

entry was 2 rows of 5m length with a spacing of 60 × 20 cm apart. Two rows of

Rampur Composite were seeded all around the trial plot to facilitate the

enhancement of pests. Plant protection measure was totally prohibited through out

the cropping season. All agronomic practices were done for good crop growth as per

recommendation. Pest incidence and their damage like visual score (1-9 scale),

number of healthy and damage plants/plots (twice: at knee high stage and before

tasseling stage), tunnel length inside the stalk and exit holes were recorded as

described by Ampofo and Saxena, 1987, CIMMYT, Mexico. General rating was

done in 1-9 scale where 1 indicated resistant and 9 as a highly susceptible to the

pests. Ten randomly selected stalks from two rows of each genotype were taken for

tunnel length measurement during harvesting time. Each stalk was cut longitudinally

by the help of knife and then length of tunnel and exit holes formed by borer inside

the stalk were measured in centimeter scales.

Result showed that the tested genotypes differed significantly for all the parameters

studied. Rating of damage score for tested genotypes ranged from 1.3 to 6.7 and

none of the tested genotypes were highly resistance to maize stem borer. However,

among the tested genotypes, 13 were found as resistance, 17 as moderately resistant

and 2 as susceptible to maize stem borer A minimum of 2.3 score was recorded in

Rampur Composite/RLM-8 hybrid followed by EEYC-1 (2.0) from OPV and

SOOTLYQ-B (2.0) from QPM. Percentage plant damage at knee high stage were

found comparatively higher but mean of two observations varied from 14.2 to 42.5

%. Maize genotypes like RML-4/NML-2 and Rampur Composite/RML-8 from

hybrids, SO3TLYQ-AB-2 from QPM and Narayani, Across9331 and POP 44/POOL

15 from OPV recorded less damage (between 14.2 - 21.6 %) as compared to others.

Regarding the tunnel length and exit holes made by the borer larvae were found in

similar trend as other parameters mentioned above. The mean tunnel length values

ranged from 0 to 12.2 cm. Majority of the varieties were at par statistically with

respect to tunnel length. Similarly, the exit holes formed by the pests were also

found similar to that of tunnel length. Thus, it is apparent from the data (Table 81)

that Rampur Composite/RML-4 and Bioseed from hybrids, SOOTLYQ-B and

SO3TLYQ-AB-01 from QPMs and Narayani and POP44/POOL 15 from OPVs

showed minimum infestation against maize stem borer damage.

Table 81. Response of maize genotypes to maize stem borer, C.partellus Swinhoe. SN Designations Insect score (0-9

scale)†

Percent insects

damage‡

Tunnel length† Exit holes†

OPV

1 S99TLYQ-AB 4.0 27.7(5.31) 2.2(1.64) 0.3(0.89)

2 R.POP-2 3.7 26.4(5.19) 2.8(1.82) 0.1(0.77)

3 R.POP-1 2.3 31.6(5.66) 5.1(2.37) 0.7(1.09)

4 EEYC1 2.0 23.6(4.91) 0.7(1.09) 0.8(1.14)

5 ARUN 4 3.0 27.9(5.33) 1.1(1.26) 0.3(0.89)

6 S97TLYGH'A×B'(3) 3.7 26.9(5.23) 0.3(0.89) 0.3(0.89)

7 S97TEYGH'A×B'(3) 3.7 21.6(4.70) 1.3(1.34) 0.6(1.05)

8 POP45/POOL 17 4.7 29.5(5.48) 0.7(1.09) 0.2(0.84)

9 RAMPUR SO3FO4 2.7 24.1(4.96) 3.1(1.90) 0.3(0.89)

10 POP44/POOL 15 2.3 21.6(4.70) 1.8(1.52) 0.3(0.89)

11 ARUN-2 3.3 25.6(5.11) 2.0(1.58) 0.7(1.09)

12 POP 446C1 4.3 40.3(6.39) 1.3(1.34) 0.0(0.71)

13 KHUMAL YELLOW/POOL 17 5.7 40.5(6.40) 2.7(1.79) 0.4(0.95)

14 UPAHAR 3.3 32.0(5.70) 1.8(1.52) 0.5(1.00)

15 ACROSS 9331 3.0 20.9(4.63) 0.1(0.77) 0.2(0.84)

16 POP 445C1 3.3 26.9(5.23) 3.3(1.95) 0.5(1.00)

17 POOL 17 4.3 37.3(6.15) 4.5(2.24) 0.5(1.00)

18 RAMPUR SO3FO2 4.0 42.5(6.55) 2.8(1.82) 0.1(0.77)

19 NARAYANI 2.3 20.3(4.56) 1.4(1.38) 0.1(0.77)

20 O2SAVDIF 2 4.3 31.0(5.61) 0.4(0.95) 0.1(0.77)

21 ACROSS 9942/ACROSS 9944 3.0 21.7(4.71) 3.5(2.00) 0.3(0.89)

22 RAMPUR COMPOSITE 3.0 35.0(5.96) 1.3(1.34) 0.1(0.77)

QPM

23 SOOTLYQ-AB 6.7 39.7(6.34) 1.0(1.22) 0.0(0.71)

24 SOISIWQ-1 4.3 36.9(6.11) 8.6(3.02) 0.1(0.77)

25 SO3TLYQ-AB-2 4.0 21.2(4.66) 4.5(2.24) 0.2(0.84)

26 SO3TLYQ-AB-O1 3.7 32.9(5.78) 0.07(0.75) 0.0(0.71)

27 SOISIWQ-3 3.3 23.1(4.86) 0.00(0.71) 0.1(0.77)

28 SOOTLYQ-B 2.0 29.9(5.51) 0.1(0.77) 0.0(0.71)

Hybrids

29 Rampur composite / RML-8 1.3 14.2(3.83) 8.4(2.98) 0.4(0.95)

30 BIOSEED 3.0 26.0(5.15) 12.2(3.56) 0.5(1.00)

31 RML 4 / NML 2 2.3 20.9(4.63) 0.5(1.00) 0.0(0.71)

32 GAURAV 4.7 34.9(5.95) 1.2(1.30) 0.1(0.77)

F test

CV (%)

LSD (0. 0.5)

*

43.54%

2.472

*

19.92

1.719

**

41.26

1.024

**

18.49

0.269

†Means of three replications and ‡means of three replications and two observations.

Value in the parentheses is the transformed value of original value by Square root of (X

+0.5).

6.2 Management of Maize Stem Borer through Conventional Insecticides P Thakur

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate different insecticides against maize

stem borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at NMRP, Rampur

during 2066/67. The trial comprised of ten treatments including control with four

replications. The variety used for the experimentation was Deuti (ZM-621). Plot size

was seven rows of 5m length and spacing were 60 × 20 cms apart. A chemical

fertilizer at the rate of 150: 80: 60 NPK (kg ha-1

) was applied with two split dose of

nitrogen at knee high and before tasselling stages. The trial was seeded on 6 June,

2010. All recommended agronomic practices were followed to achieve good crop

stand. Granular insecticides as Phorat 10G and Furadan 3G were applied first at

seeding time in soil and next at knee high stage in the plants whorl whereas liquid

form of insecticides were applied first at 15 days after emergence and second before

tasseling stage. Observation on damage score (0-9 scale), percentage damage plants

by counting the total plants/m2, tunnel length inside the stalk, exit holes and grain

yield were recorded as described by CIMMYT, Mexico.

Damage score (0-9 scale):

Data of all parameters were analyzed statistically and found that pest incidence and

subsequently their damage in plants were more at vegetative stage (4-5 leaves) as

compared to later stage. Rating of foliar damage at younger stage was ranged from

2.5 to 6.75 score where as 1.25 to 5.0 score at tassel ling stages. The means of two

observations inferred that a minimum of 1.87 score were rated in Phorat 10G soil

treated plots followed by Terminator 505 EC (2.37 score) and Furadan 3G (2.5

score).

Percent plant damage:

Percentage of plant damage was calculated by counting the healthy and infested

plants were observed comparatively less in soil treated with Phorat 10G (17.9%) that

was at par to whorl treatment with the same insecticide (20.0%) and Terminator 505

EC (24.7%) sprayed plots but at later stage, percent damage record was less as

compared to early stage. A mean of two stages recorded that soil and whorl

treatment with Phorat 10G or Furadan 3G and two spraying of Terminator 505 EC

was found effective as compared to other treatments.

Tunnel length measurement:

Data on tunnel length made by the larvae were analyzed and found that out of ten

treatments, five were recorded significantly differ than others. Rating of tunnel

length ranged from 3.18 cms to 16.39 cm. Granular insecticides as Furadan 3G,

Phorat 10G, and Terminator 505 EC were observed comparatively better against

stem borer infestation with respect to tunnel formations.

Exit hole formation:

The mean of four replications revealed that the exit holes made by adult moths after

emergence from pupa varied from 0.55 in soil treated with Furadan 3G to 2.25 holes

in Margosom (Neem product) treated plots but majority of the treatments except

treatment four were at par to each others.

Table 82. Response of pesticides to maize stem borer management Treatments Score (0-9 scale) Means % damage plants Means Tunnel

length (cm)

Exit holes Grain

yield

(kgha-1

)

Whorl

stage

Tassel

stage

Whorl stage Tassel stage

Thiodan 35 EC 4.75 2.75 3.75 37.71 (6.1) 12.83 (3.5) 25.27 11.02 (3.3) 1.50 (1.4) 1986

Chloropyriphos

50 EC

6.00 3.25 4.62 47.76 (6.9) 16.03 (4.0) 31.89 10.81 (3.3) 1.55 (1.4) 2077

Dimethoate 30

EC

3.25 4.0 3.62 25.34 (5.0) 12.68 (3.5) 19.01 8.31(2.9) 1.00 (1.2) 2170

Phorat 10 G

(soil)

2.50 1.25 1.87 17.95 (4.2) 5.53 (2.3) 11.74 4.17 (2.1) 0.60 (1.0) 3346

Furadan 3 G

(soil)

3.25 1.75 2.50 27.53 (5.2) 7.42 (2.7) 17.47 3.56 (2.0) 0.55(1.4) 3174

Phorat 10 G

(whorl)

3.00 3.0C 3.00 20.05(4.4) 9.80(3.1) 14.92 3.18(1.9) 0.80(1.1) 2822

Furadan 3 G

(whorl)

3.25 3.25 3.25 27.04 (5.2) 12.38 (3.5) 19.71 6.13 (2.5) 0.85 (1.1) 3114

Margosom 6.00 4.0A 5.00 54.38 (7.3) 20.28 (4.5) 37.33 16.39 (4.1) 2.25(1.6) 1762

Terminator 505

EC

3.00 1.75 2.37 24.76 (4.9) 10.46 (3.2) 17.61 4.26 (2.1) 0.85 (1.1) 3315

Control 6.75 5.0 5.87 61.31 (7.8) 28.75 (5.3) 45.03 14.77 (3.9) 1.60 (1.4) 2150

F-test

CV (%)

LSD (0.05)

**

19.49

1.181

**

32.94

1.35

**

13.91

1.159

**

21.29

1.11

**

21.07

0.856

**

16.49

0.301

**

20.14

757

Values in parentheses are the square root transformed values of original data.

Grain yield (kg ha-1

):

The grain yield data were analyzed and observed that among the tested insecticides,

about 50 percent treatments performed significantly similar result. The mean grain

yield ranged from 1762 to 3346 kg ha-1

. The highest grain yield (3346 kg ha-1

) was

obtained from plots treated with Phorat 10G followed by Terminator 505 EC (3315

kg ha-1

) and soil treated with Furadan 3G (3174 kg ha-1

). From the result of this

experiment, it could be concluded that soil application or whorl placement of

granular insecticides or two sprays with Terminator 505 were found effective to

control maize stem borer infestation as compared to other tested treatments.

6.3 Storage Pest Management in Maize P Thakur

An attempt was made to find out the suitable receptacles for maize grain storage

along with effectiveness of botanicals and chemical pesticides against maize weevil,

Sitophyllus zeamais Linn in store at NMRP, Rampur during 2066/67. Experiment

was laid out in simple form having two parameters i.e. farmers practices verses

improved practices with 5 various types of conventional receptacles generally used

by the rural families in Terai and hilly regions of Nepal. The varieties of maize used

for the purpose were Manakamna-3, Manakamna-4, Deuti, Posilo Makai-1. The trial

was installed on 26th

March, 2010 (2066/ 12/3). The methods involved in farmers

practices were left as such without any treatments where as for improved practices,

seeds were treated with Bojho, Acorus calamus @ 2% except metal bin in which

grains were treated with Celphos @ one tab/bin only. Furthermore, Suli was made in

open area out side the storage room and divided it into two similar parts for

individual treatment. Maize cobs of six varieties i.e. Deuti, Arun-2, S99TLYQ-B,

Manakamana-3, Rampur composite and Manakamana-4 with fully covered husk tied

together with each others and hanged over it. In improved method, Suli was covered

with 250 gauge white plastic sheet. Maize grains were cleaned thoroughly and sun

dried completely and initial data of grain moisture were taken from each treatment

separately. Subsequently, 100 grains from each treatments were kept in Petridish and

left as such for one month for the emergence of adult weevils and recorded it in

monthly basis. The moisture content of the grains during experimentation was varied

from 12.7 to 13.1%. Furthermore, a sample of one fist from each treatment was

taken randomly and counted the total number of exit holes and converted it into

percent.

The data were taken individually for each treatment, analyzed and presented in

various tables separately. The moisture content of the grains during storage period

was more or less similar in each treatments but it was gradually increased with

storage period. The moisture level at 5th months of storage was observed more as

compared to previous months in each treatment except plastic drum and metal bin.

This increment of moisture might be due to heavy and continuous rain during the

period. A maximum of 15.9 % moisture was recorded in suli storage systems where

as moisture level was almost constant in drum and metal bin (0-2.4%). The

emergence of adult weevils was more or less similar during the first month of

observation ranged 0-7 numbers but it was also gradually increased with time.

Means of those period revealed that a minimum of 2.3 weevils was recorded in metal

bin followed by plastic drum (10.1 weevils). Likewise, percent damage of grains by

maize weevils after 5 months of installment by sampling method observed that metal

bin (2.6%) and plastic drum(3.6%) in air tight conditions were less infestation but in

contrast of this, higher level of damage was recorded in Kothi (41.8%) followed by

Suli (24.9%) and Bhakhari (23.5%). Among the varieties stored under suli methods,

improved practices provided with 250 gauge plastic sheet was less affected (18.2%)

in comparison to local practices (28.8%). Out of six maize varieties tested under IP

procedure, Manakamana-4, Manakamana-3 and Deuti showed minimum weevil

infestation of 1.7, 5.7 and 14.9%, respectively where as Arun-2 (43.4%) was

comparatively more susceptible than others in suli system of storage.

Table 83. Change in moisture content of maize grains during the storage periods Vessels Methods During

installment

1st

month

2nd

month

3rd

month

4th

month

5th

month

Means

of 5 months

Means

of vessels

Response

Bhakhari IP 12.9 11.9 14.0 12.5 13.0 15.1 13.5 13.3 2.3 FP 13.1 9.9 13.2 12.2 13.2 14.6 13.2

Kothi IP 12.7 11.0 13.3 12.8 13.7 15.2 13.4 13.4 5.5 FP 12.7 10.8 14.0 12.2 13.5 14.2 13.3

Gyampo IP 12.7 12.1 14.8 14.5 14.6 15.5 14.3 14.0 102 FP 12.7 10.2 14.2 13.0 13.9 15.2 13.7

Plastic Drum

IP 12.6 10.3 12.9 12.0 12.1 12.9 12.4 12.4 0.0 FP 12.3 9.8 12.7 11.6 12.2 13.1 12.5

Metal Bin

IP 12.7 109 12.7 11.9 12.1 12.4 12.5 12.4 2.4 FP 12.7 10.6 12.5 11.1 11.8 12.2 12.4

Suli IP 12.4 11.9 13.8 14.9 14.8 16.9 14.7 14.6 15.9 FP 12.8 11.3 13.4 14.1 14.9 15.8 14.6

Table 84. Monthly emergence of adult weevils in various storage systems Vessels Methods During

installment

1st month 2

nd month 3

rd month 4

th month 5

th month Means of 5

months

Bhakhari IP 0 6 3 17 15 8.2 18.6

FP 3 25 11 35 71 29.0

Kothi IP 2 4 15 19 18 11.6 14.5

FP 7 8 20 21 31 17.4

Gyampo IP 1 22 9 8 41 16.2 22.4

FP 3 30 11 14 85 28.6

Plastic

Drum

IP 0 0 0 17 15 6.4 10.1

FP 0 5 9 26 29 13.8

Metal Bin IP 0 0 0 1 2 0.6 2.3

FP 0 1 6 4 9 4.0

Suli IP 3 10 16 15 31 15.0 18.3

FP 6 16 22 18 46 21.6

Table 85. Percent grains damage by maize weevils in storage after five months of

storage period Receptacles Methods Total grains infested grains % grains damage Means of receptacles

Bhakhari IP 139 32 23.02 23.5

FP 79 19 24.05

Kothi IP 94 29 30.85 41.8

FP 53 28 52.83

Gyampo IP 66 1 1.51 8.8

FP 99 16 16.16

Plastic Drum IP 75 1 1.33 3.6

FP 103 6 5.82

Metal Bin IP 84 2 2.38 2.6

FP 108 3 2.78

Suli IP 403 63 15.63 24.9

FP 357 122 34.17

Table 86. Insect's infestation under Suli method of storage.

Varieties

Improved methods of storage Farmer's method of storage

Total

grains/cob

Infested

grains/cob

% infested

grains

Total

grains/cob

Infested

grains/cob

% infested

grains

Deuti 456 68 14.90 448 231 51.56

Manakamna-4 235 4 1.70 245 35 14.29

Arun-2 265 115 43.40 434 198 45.62

Rampur

Composite

456 88 19.30 434 90 20.74

S99TLYQ-B 434 105 24.19 456 125 27.41

Manakamna-3 434 25 5.76 456 60 13.16

Means 18.2 28.8

7 PLANT PATHOLOGY

7.1 Screening of Maize Genotypes against Southern Leaf Blight DC Paudel and TR Rijal

Southern leaf blight caused by Dreschlera maydis Synonym: Helminthosporium

maydis is one of the major foliar diseases of maize in Nepal. Field experiments were

conducted to identify the sources of resistance in different open pollinated varieties

and synthetics in 2009 summer in 2 replications in Randomized complete block

design at NMRP farm land, Rampur. Twenty one genotypes including susceptible

check (yellow pocorn) were included in the experiment for NLB and 28 genotypes

were included for SLB experiments.

The following severity scale was used to assess and classify resistant and

susceptible reaction for both diseases: Northern and Southern leaf blight

Severity scale and reaction type: 1 = Resistant, plants with one or two to few scattered lesions on lower leaves 2 = moderately resistant, moderate number of lesions on leaves, affecting less than 25 percent of the area 3 = moderately susceptible, abundant lesions on lower leaves, few on other leaves affecting 26- 50% leaf area 4 = Susceptible, lesions abundant on lower and mid leaves, extending to upper leaves affecting 51- 75% leaf area 5 = Lesions abundant on almost all leaves, plant prematurely dried or killed with 76 - 100% of the leaf area affected.

Table 87. Severity of Southern leaf blight at Rampur in 2008/09 summer SN Genotypes Leaf tissue blighted % a

1st Scoring 2nd Scoring 3rd Scoring

1 Pool-17 8 12.5 31.5

2 Pool-15 8.5 16.5 37.5

3 Pool-16 11 13.5 35

4 Arun-1EV 6.5 11 37.5

5 Arun-4 5 15.5 36

6 Narayani 6.5 11 32

7 Upahar 5.5 9 29

8 Across 9931 6.5 13.5 27.5

9 S99TLGHAYB(3) 4.5 9 22.5

10 Rampur Composite 9 17.5 30

11 Manakamana-4 6.5 18 31

12 Arun-2 9 17.5 37.5

13 Poshilo Makai-1 5.5 10 22.5

14 RampueS03F4 6 15 22.5

15 Rampur S03F02 4.5 9 21.5

16 Rampur S03F06 4 7 20

17 Rampur S03F08 4.5 8.5 20.5

18 BLSB S07F10 4 9 20

19 BLSBS07F12 3.5 11 20

20 TLBRS07F14 (k) 3.5 9 21.5

21 TLBRS07F16 (R) 4 11 20

22 Manakamana-3 5.5 17.5 29

23 Manakamana-1 6.5 17.5 31

24 Deuti 3.5 11 23.5

25 Rampur S03FQ2 5.5 12.5 22.5

26 S99TLYQ-3 5 17.5 29

27 S99TLYQ-AB 6.5 15.5 23.5

28 Yellow Popcorn 11 32.5 69

a Means of two replications

Mean severity of SLB ranged from 20-69. Thirteen genotypes were found moderately

resistant out of 28 evaluated .Some promising genotypes in respect to SLB tolerance

were; Posilo Makai-1, RamSO3FO6, TLBRSO7F16(R), RamSO3FO2,

BLSBRSO7F10 (Table 87).

7.2 Screening of OPVs, and Synthetic Varieties against Northern Leaf

Blight DC Paudel and TR Rijal

Northern leaf blight incited by Exserohilum turcicum (synonym: Helminthosporiu

turcicum) is most important and major disease of maize in Nepal. Field experiments

were conducted to identify the sources of resistance in maize genotypes in 2009 at

National maize Research Program, Rampur in winter. Experiments were conducted

in randomized complete block design with two replications in artificial inoculated

condition. Assessment of disease was done by estimating the percentage leaf damage

in the plants. Two sets: Full Season and Early were evaluated winter. In Full Season

set, a total of Twenty one entries consisted of OPVs, Synthetics and one yellow pop

corn (susceptible variety) were evaluated. Most of the genotypes were found

moderately resistant reaction (less than 25%) leaf areas affected by Turcicum leaf

blight. Most promising genotypes were RampurS03F04, RampurS03F02,

S99TLYQ-B, RampurS03F08, and TLBRS07F16 (Table 88). Similarly, in early

maturing set, a total of nineteen open pollinated and synthetic varieties were

compared including yellow pop corn (susceptible check) against Northern leaf blight

in the same year and season (2009). Among the tested entries, SO2SADVIF2,

EEYC1, S97TEYGHAXB (3) and S01SYNZIME were found promising and

moderately resistant (Tble 89)

Table 88. Reaction of 21 full season maize varieties to Northern leaf blight at NMRP field of

Rampur, Chitwan in 2009 winter SN Genotypes 1st

Scoring SQRT

transformation of 1st Scoring

2nd Scoring

SQRT transformation of 2nd Scoring

3rd Scoring

SQRT transformation of 3rd Scoring

1 S99TLYQ-AB 2.5 1.58 12.5 3.54 25 5 2 Narayani 5 2.24 12.5 3.54 29 5.39

3 Rampur S03F06 2 1.41 9 3.00 19 4.36 4 Manakamana-4 2 1.41 9 3.00 24 4.90 5 Rampur Composite 2.5 1.58 12.5 3.54 25 5 6 Rampur pop-1 9 3.00 13 3.61 39 6.24 7 Rampur S03 FQ-02 5 2.24 12.5 3.54 32 5.66 8 Manakamana-1 5 2.24 13.5 3.67 33 5.74 9 Rampur S03F08 3 1.73 9 3.00 17 4.12 10 BLSBS07F10 2 1.41 9 3.00 24 4.90

11 Posilo Makai-1 2.5 1.58 11 3.32 25 5 12 TLBRS07F14 (K) 2 1.41 9 3.00 20 4.47 13 TLBRS07S16R 2 1.41 9 3.00 19 4.36 14 Upahar 5 2.24 12.5 3.54 29 5.39 15 Rampur S03F02 2.5 1.58 7 2.65 15 3.87 16 Manakamana 3 5 2.24 13.5 3.67 24 4.90 17 S99TLYQ-B 3 1.73 7 2.65 19 4.36 18 Deuti 3 1.73 11 3.32 24 4.90 19 RampurS03F04 2 1.41 9 3.00 17 4.12

20 BLSBS0F12 2 1.41 5 2.24 23 4.80 21 Yellow popcorn 12.5 3.54 25 5.00 69 8.31

Grand mean 1.863 3.278 5.038 SD 0.576 0.554 0.953 CV (%) 30.90 16.90 18.92

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

Full season maize varieties

% lea

f blighte

ned

(fi

nal

sco

re)

.

Figure 11. Severity of Northern Leaf Bligh to full season maize varieties

Figure 11 and figure 12 showed that Yellow Popcorn was the most susceptible to

Northern Leaf Blight. According to figure 11, the most resistant genotypes were

RampurS03F08 and RampurS03F04. The figure 12 showed that the most resistant

genotypes were SO1SYNZIME and S02SADVI.

Table 89. Reaction of 19 early maturing maize varieties to Northern leaf blight at NMRP

field of Rampur, Chitwan in 2009 winter

SN Genotypes 1st Scoring

SQRT transformation of 1st

scoring

2nd Scoring

SQRT transformation of

2ndscoring

3rd Scoring SQRT transformation of 3rd scoring

1 Arun-4 3 1.73 9 3 30 5.48 2 EEYC1 2 1.41 9 3 24 4.90 3 Pool 16 2 1.41 15 3.87 38 6.16 4 Across 2401 3 1.73 12 3.46 34 5.83 5 S02SADVI 2 1.41 8 2.83 23 4.80 6 S97CWBF2 4 2.00 14 3.74 33 5.74 7 S03TEYSCB/FAW-1 4 2.00 13 3.61 30 5.48 8 Across2401/Across2402 2 1.41 11 3.32 33 5.74 9 SO1SYNZIME 3 1.73 9 3 22 4.69 10 EARLYMIDKATUMANI 5 2.24 13 3.61 31 5.57

11 SO3TEYPO/BM 5 2.24 10 3.16 31 5.57 12 SO3TEY/LN 5 2.24 18 4.24 41 6.40 13 S97TEYGHA8B( 3) 4 2.00 9 3.00 24 4.90 14 POOL17 5 2.24 14 3.74 29 5.39 15 SO3TEY-SEQ 2 1.41 9 3.00 24 4.90 16 Arun-2 3 1.73 14 3.74 43 6.56 17 Pool-15 2 1.41 8 2.83 31 5.57 18 Arun-1 EV 3 1.73 10 3.16 33 5.74

19 Yellow pop corn 13 3.61 23 4.80 70 8.37

Grand mean 1.878 3.427 5.673 SD 0.527 0.521 0.836 CV (%) 28.04 15.20 14.73

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Early maturing maize varieties

% lea

f blighte

ned

(fi

nal

sco

re)

.

..

Figure 12. Severity of Northern leaf blight to early maturing maize varieties

7.3 Evaluation of Maize Genotypes for resistance against Ear Rot and

BLSB TR Rijal and DC Paudel

Field experiment was conducted at NMRP during 2009 summer season. The

experiment was planted in 27th May, 2009 (13

th Jestha, 2066) in one row plot spaced

75 cm row to row and 25 cm plant to plant and the length of row was 5m as two

replicated conditions on RCB design. A total of 63 maize genotypes were evaluated

against major diseases as Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight, ear rot, southern leaf

blight and late wilt, common diseases at summer season at terai region of the

country: All the plants were inoculated with fresh culture of Rhizoctonia solani, a

causal organism of BLSB disease at knee height stage and at flowering time the

maize plants were inoculated with Fusarium moniliformae, a causal organism of ear

rot disease and other diseases (maydis & late wilt) were recorded under natural

conditions.

The BLSB disease scoring was done at three times; 45, 55 and 65 days after planting

using following disease scoring scale:

1= No infection

2= Partial infection up to four leaf sheath and leaves

3=Heavy infection up to lower four leaf sheath and leaves partial on upper

leaf sheath below the ear placement, no cob infection

4= Heavy infection on all leaf sheath and leaves below the ear placement,

partial infection on cobs

5= Complete rotting of cobs, very little or no grain formation, grain become

chaffy or may be rotten

In the same way other disease as ear rot and late wilt were scored on the basis of per

cent rotten ears at harvesting and percent wilted plants before maturity, respectively.

Maydis was scored using 1-5 scale, where 1 represents highly resistant and 5 for

highly susceptible disease reaction.

The details of result are presented in Table 90. Among the tested inbred the

promising and resistant to major diseases in summer were RML-4, RML-5, RML-8,

PUTU-13, AG-27, L-1, L-7 and L-3 respectively.

Table 90. Response of maize genotypes against major diseases at NMRP, Rampur in

2009 summer SN Genotypes BLSB Score (1-5) % rotten

ears H. maydis (1-5)

Late wilted plants (%)

1st score

2nd score

3rd score

1 NML-1 3.3 3.8 4 52 2.3 50 2 NML-2 2.5 2.8 3.3 38 1.8 56 3 RML-3 2.3 2.8 2.8 10 2.3 40 4 RML-4 3.3 3.8 3.8 7 1.8 56 5 RML-5 2 2.5 2.5 8 2 51 6 RML-8 1.5 2 2.5 82 2 32 7 RL-105 2.8 3 3.5 54 2.3 54 8 RL-84 2.5 2.8 3.3 31 2.5 40 9 RML-17 3 3.3 3.8 67 2.5 28 10 RML-18 2.5 3.3 3.8 63 2.3 58 11 PUTU-13 1.5 2.5 2.8 48 2 35 12 RL-30-1 2.5 2.8 3.3 44 3 67 13 CML-161 3.3 3.8 4.8 60 3 56 14 CML-187 3 3.5 4 50 2 50 15 CML-172 3.5 3.8 4.8 23 3.3 47 16 AG-27 2 2.3 3 6 2 45 17 L-1 2 2.3 2.5 21 2.3 78 18 L-7 1.8 2.3 2.3 37 2.3 44 19 POOL-17 3.5 4 4.3 88 2.3 44 20 ARUN-1EV 3.3 3.5 4.3 85 3.3 47 21 ARUN-4 2.8 3.3 4.3 37 3.3 28 22 POOL-15 3 3.8 4.3 111 1.8 38 23 POOL-16 2.8 3.3 4.3 53 2.3 38 24 NARAYANI 3 3.3 3.3 43 2.5 58 25 UPAHAR 2 2.8 3 41 2.5 49 26 ACROSS-9331 2.5 2.5 3.5 47 2.5 47 27 S97TLYGHAYB(3) 3 3.5 3.5 64 2 60 28 RAMPUR COMPOSITE 2.8 3.8 3.8 28 2.3 55 29 MANAKAMANA-4 3 3.5 3.8 74 2.3 63 30 ARUN-2 3.8 3.5 4.3 66 2.5 38 31 AC 9942/AC 9944 2.3 2.8 3 26 3 31 32 OEHPW 2 3 3.3 21 2.3 42 33 P501SRCO/P502SR 3.3 3.5 4 39 2 43 34 BGBYPOP 2.5 2.8 3 26 2 59 35 S99TLYQ-AB 2.8 2.5 3 41 2.3 49 36 S99TLYQ-HG-B 2.3 3 3.5 53 2.8 46 37 POSHILO MAKAI-1 2.5 3 3.3 48 2.8 74 38 SO1SIWQ-3 2.8 3 3.3 16 2.3 73 39 S99TLYQ-B 3.3 3.3 3.8 29 2.8 61 40 RAMPUR SO3FO2 2 2.5 2.8 23 1.8 61 41 RAMPUR SO3FO4 2.3 2.5 2.8 22 1.5 46 42 RAMPUR SO3FO6 2.5 2.8 3 33 2.5 51 43 RAMPUR SO3FQ02 2 2.8 2.8 42 2.5 54 44 BLSBRSO7F10 2 2.5 2.5 31 1.8 44 45 BLSBRSO7F12 2 2.3 2.5 24 2 38 46 TLBRSSO7F14 2.3 2.5 3 22 2 42 47 TLBRSSO7F16 2.3 2.5 3 28 2 44 48 R POP-1 3.3 3.5 3.8 33 2.3 50 49 R PO-4 2 2.8 3.5 6 2.5 57 50 R POP-2 2.5 3.3 3.5 24 2.5 39 51 R POP-3 2 2.3 3.5 34 1.8 39 52 NML-1/NML-2 1.8 2.3 2.5 15 1.8 18 53 RML-4 /NML-2 2 2.3 2.3 29 1.8 35 54 RML-3 /NML-2 2.5 2.8 3 25 2 26 55 RML-8 / RC 2.8 3 3.5 8 2 37 56 MANAKAMANA-3 2.3 2.5 3 20 2 48 57 MANAKAMANA-1 3 3.5 4.3 65 2.5 51 58 DEUTI 2.8 3 3.8 44 2.3 54 59 POP-446 2.8 3.5 3.8 50 3.3 47 60 KHUMAL YELLOW 3.5 4 4.5 27 2.8 61 61 GULMI-2 2.8 3.5 3.8 36 3.3 47 62 RESUNGA COMPOSITE 2.8 3.5 3.8 35 3.3 43 63 L-13 1.8 2.3 2.5 8 1.8 62 Grand mean 2.6 2.9 3.4 38.4 2.3 48 F-test ** ** ** ** NS NS CV (%) 19.96 17.6 18.78 58.9 27.9 46.8 LSD (0.05) 1.02 1.05 1.27 45.25 1.29 45.8

AG-27 was found resistant against ear rot and H. maydis. Among the tested OPVs

the most promising and resistant to major diseases were RampurSO3FO2,

RampurSO3FO4, RampurSO3FQ2, BLSBRSO7F110, BLSBRSO7F12,

TLBRSO7F14, TLBRSO7F16 and RPop-3, respectively. In case of hybrids, the

most promising and resistant to major diseases were NML-1/NML-2 (Gaurav),

RML-4/NML-2 and RML-8/Rampur Composite, respectively.

8 AGRI-ENGINEERING AND POSTHARVEST RESEARCH

8.1 Evaluation of Some Resource Conservation Technologies for Maize MR Gautam and IP Upadhyay

High production cost of maize is the major problem in sandy loam soil of Chitwan.

Resource conserving machineries help to save water, fuel and labor in crop

production, thus, reducing overall production cost and ensuring timely farm

operations. The on-station evaluation of different resource Conservation

Technologies (RCTs) for maize was carried out at National Maize Research

Program, Rampur in summer and winter of 2009/10 with the objective of identifying

cost effective maize crop establishment methods. The experiment was laid out in

Randomly Complete Block Design with five treatments and three replications. The

treatments were T1= Injection Planter, (T2) = Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed (FIRB),

T3= Farmer's Practice (FP); T4 = AED Jab Seeder and T5 = Zero Tillage. The net

plot size for each experimental unit was 90 m2. Herbicide, Glyphosate was sprayed

@ 3.0 l/ha in 600 l water 15 days before seeding for FIRB and zero tillage methods,

while land was plowed twice with harrow for remaining treatments for the control of

existing weeds. The foundation seed of maize variety Rampur Composite was drilled

@ 20 kg ha-1

for T1, T2, T4 and T5 and @ 40 kg ha-1

for farmers practice on October

18, 2009. Total fertilizers of 120:60:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1

were applied. Full dose

of P, K and one-third of N were applied as basal and remaining two-third N was

topdressed twice after 35 and 65 days of seeding. Manual weeding was done once at

knee-high stage. Single flood irrigation was applied at 35 days after sowing. The

crop was harvested on April 4, 2010. The FIRB method recorded significantly higher


) followed by Farmers’ Practice (4588 kg ha-1

), Zero Tillage

(4358 kg ha-1

), Injection planter (4070 kg ha-1

) and AED Jab seeder (4023 kg ha-1

).

Economically, the FIRB method for maize crop establishment was the most

profitable RCT as compared to the farmer's practice. It recorded 4.53% high

production and saved 28% irrigation time over farmers practice. This profitable

technique needs to be verified in the farmers’ field.

8.2 Storability of Lentil Seed in Locally Available Storage Structures

under Ambient Condition

IP Upadhyay

In Nepal, lentil is a major winter pulse crop in terms of area and production. Lentil

crop is generally harvested during March/April. Most of the farmers grow lentil to

fulfill their daily requirement of plant protein and save as seed for next planting

season. Some big farmers grow it in large area as commercial crop in the mid-

western terai. Farmers generally store lentil grain/seed in jute or PVC sacks,

Ghyampo, plastic jars and in local structure Dehari. Most of the farmers seal Deharis'

after filling the grain to make the structure air-tight, even then insect pests causes

considerable loss during storage as reported by farmers and extension personnel.

About 7-10% storage loss of lentil has been reported in Nepal (PHLRD, 2001/02).

Hence, this study was carried out with the objective to identify the best storage

structures that minimize both quantitative and qualitative losses of lentil in the

storage under ambient condition

Lentil seeds variety Khajura-2 were cleaned, graded and stored in different storage

structures at RARS Khajura from 2066/02/29 to 2066/08/02. Different storage

structures (treatments) used was: T-1. Baked mud pot/Ghyampo with cover; T-2.

Cotton cloth bag; T-3. Fertilizer sack; T-4 Jute bag with inner plastic lining of 200

gauge; T-5. Plastic bags 500 guage; T-6 Plastic bags 1000 guage; T-7 Plastic jars

with cover and T-8 Tin (metal box), each treatment was replicated three times in

Completely Randomized Design. About 10 kg of seed was stored in each structure.

The plastic drum, plastic sacks and polylined jute bags were sealed by appropriate

means whereas clay pots and deharis were simply covered with lids. All the

structures were kept on the wooden pallets inside the RCC building room located at

first floor.

For initial observation of lentil seed samples, 10 sample were drawn randomly from

the seed lot and average values calculated which were as follows: Moisture

content:9.2%, 1000 grain weight:17.23 g, bulk density:763.33 kg m-3

, germination:

93% and insect infestation:0%. Final observation was done after 160 days of storage.

All the treatments differed significantly for the studied parameter. Analyzed data are

presented in Table 91.On the basis of the findings of this experiment, it can be

concluded that the polylined jute bags, plastic sacks of 500 and 1000 gauge and

plastic jars are the best storage structures for the storage of lentil seed as these

structures maintained above 85% germination level for 160 days. Similarly, these

structures recorded less insect infestation, less moisture content increment, less

relative reduction of 1000 grain weight and high bulk density.

Table 91. Change in moisture content, 1000 grain weight, bulk density, germination

percent and insect infestation percent of lentil seeds variety Khajura-2 as

affected by storage structures after 160 days

Storage Structures MC (%) 1000 Grain

weight (gm)

Bulk Density

(kg m-3)

Insect

Infestation %

Germination

percent

T1 Ghyampo 16.9b 12.22b 529.33b 42.8a 26.3c T2 Cotton cloth bag 16.2c 16.86a 805.33a 4.3b 68.7b T3 Fertilizer sack 16.2c 16.91a 789.33a 4.7b 64.4b T4 Polylined jute bags 15.3d 16.16a 821.67a 6.8b 87.3a T5 Plastic bags 500 guage 13.2f 16.33a 830.0a 3.4b 93.7a T6 Plastic bags 1000 guage 13.9e 15.74a 800.33a 5.3b 87.7a T7 Plastic jars with cover 13.1f 16.38a 831.33a 5.2b 92.7a

T8 Tin (metal box) 20.2a 11.83b 415.67c 50.2a 12.0d

Grand mean 15.63 15.30 727.87 15.34 66.60 F-test ** ** ** ** ** CV (%) 2.48 4.92 4.27 48.23 6.86 Means with different letters within a column are significantly different by DMRT ≥ 0.05.

8.3 Evaluation of Different Non-chemical Grain Protectants for Lentil

Seeds IP Upadhyay

Lentil is the most important pulse crop of the country. Bruchid is the major storage

pests of pulse crops. Farmers have been observing these insects in their storage

annually. A considerable amount of pulses can be made available for feeding to the

increasing population by developing suitable techniques to minimize the storage

loss. Use of pesticides is one of the most effective techniques of controlling the

storage pests. Their use in seed is quite common, however, since they are hazardous

to human, they cannot be used in the grain stored for human consumption. Farmers

have been using locally available botanicals for the control of storage pests since the

time immemorial. In Nepal, there are 311 plant species that have pesticidal effects

and farmers have been found using more than 50 plant species to control pre-harvest

and post-harvest insect pests. Minerals like fine sand, lime/slaked lime, kaolin clay,

activated clay/charcoal and different types of ash can be used to protect stored grain

against insects. These minerals prevent movement and dispersal of insects inside the

stored grain when mixed with threshed grain. Sand scratches the outer skin of the

insects, the cuticle. Insects die due to lack of water. Similarly, the household lime

was found to reduce the weevil infestation in storage. Many oils such as groundnut,

sesame, mustard are effective in admixture with grain, especially with bean bruchids,

but also against some pest of cereal grains. Oils are also reported to reduce seed

germination in some cereals. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the

effectiveness of different non-chemical grain protectants for the control of lentil

storage pests and to maintain the seed quality during storage.

The study was carried out under on-station condition using lentil variety ILL-7723 at

RARS Khajura. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments with three

replications in Completely Randomized Design from June to November 2010. The

treatments were: T1- Lentil + sawdust 1:1 (v/v); T2 -lentil + ash 2:1 (v/v); T3- lentil

+ ash 4:1 (v/v) T4- lentil + fine sand 2:1 (v/v); T5- lentil + fine sand 4:1 (v/v) T6-

Groundnut oil @ 5 ml/kg seed; T7- Sesame oil @ 5 ml/kg seed; T8-Dried neem

leaves powder @ 100 g/kg seed; T9-Dried neem leaves powder @ 50 g/kg seed;

T10- Household lime @ 10 g/kg seed and T11-Control (lentil seeds only). The seeds

were first cleaned and graded manually. The initial data on moisture content, 1000

grain weight, insect infestation, bulk density and germination percent were recorded.

The respective grain protectants were thoroughly mixed as per treatment dose with

seeds and stored in Deharis of 25 kg size made by women labors in the farm using

70% mud and 30% wheat straw. There was 10 kg lentil seed in each experimental

unit. Then the Deharis were put on the wooden pallets in the second floor of RCC

building. The Deharis were sealed by mud plastering the lids.

Table 92. Effect of Different Non-Chemical Grain Protectants on Lentil Seed

Quality of Variety ILL 7723 at RARS Khajura after 160 days storage

Storage Structures

MC (%) 1000 grain weight (gm)

Bulk Density (kg/m3)

Insect Infestation

%

Germination percent

T1 Seed + sawdust (1:1 v/v) 16.6a 25.50a 806.33 1.13b 93.33a T2 Seed +Ash (2:1 v/v) 16.5a 25.87a 813.33 1.00b 92.33a T3 Seed +Ash (4:1 v/v) 15.9abc 26.37a 788.67 1.53b 91.00ab T4 Seed +Fine sand (2:1 v/v) 16.3ab 25.79a 760.33 2.57b 83.67abc T5 Seed +Fine sand (4:1 v/v) 16.5a 25.22a 749.00 4.27b 65.00bc T6 Groundnut oil @ 5ml/kg seed 16.3ab 26.36a 788.87 2.10b 82.00abc T7 Sesame oil @ 5ml/kg seed 16.1ab 28.05a 798.67 1.47b 73.33abc

T8 Dried neem leaves 100 g/kg seed 15.6bcd 25.66a 759.33 2.43b 80.67abc T9 Dried neem leaves 50 g/kg seed 15.6bcd 27.51a 803.33 1.13b 88.67ab T10 Household lime @10g/kg seed 15.0d 15.71b 733.67 17.53a 67.67abc T11 Control (no any treatment) 15.2cd 14.59b 690.00 14.70a 56.67c

Grand mean 15.96 24.24 772 4.53 79.49 F-test * ** NS * ** CV (%) 2.64 6.75 9.16 9.16 19.27 Means within a column separated by different letters are significantly different by DMRT ≥ 0.05

Initial observation of lentil seed sample was as follows: Moisture content:8.6%;

1000 grain weight: 28.23 g, bulk density: 896.33.0 kg m-3

, germination: 96% and

insect infestation: 0%. Statistically, all the treatments differed significantly for the

seed moisture content, 1000 grain weight, germination and insect infestation. Results

of this experiment are presented in the Table 92. Considering the studied quality

parameters, sawdust + seed at 1:1 (v/v) and ash+seed at 1:2 (v/v) were found to be

the best treatments since these two treatments maintained the highest germination

and recorded the least insect infestation over 160 days storage period. The household

lime and control recorded the least germination and the highest insect infestation

hence, considered unsuitable for lentil seed storage.

9 OUTREACH RESEARCH

9.1 Outreach Research Activities on Maize, Rice and Wheat

DC Paudel, GB Hamal, A Aryal and TR Rijal

National maize research program, Rampur conducts participatory technology

verification experiments in its outreach research sites (Shukranagar, Rajahar &

Manahari). The main objective of outreach research is to reduce the large yield gap

between on-station and on-farm. Development of location specific varieties and

technologies is needed to address the local needs. The technologies generated in

research stations should be verified in farmer’s field with the active participation of

the farmers. This outreach research activity not only verifies the technologies at

farmer’s field but also helps to know the actual problems faced by farmers and

feedback about the new technologies. The summarized reports on varietal testing

activities on maize, rice and wheat are presented below.

9.1.1 Maize

The details of materials and methods while conducting maize experiments at

farmer's field are presented in following Table 93.

Table 93. Summary of materials and methods followed at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur on

Maize research in 2009

9.1.1.1 FFT-Full Season Set

Table 94. Maize FFT full season set at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter SN Genotypes Plant height

(cm) Ear height

(cm) No. of

Plants/ha No. of ears/ha


1 Upahar 234 98 41333 32000 3046

2 S97TLYGH AYB(3) 219 92 42667 37333 2988

3 ACROSS 9331 RE 241 91 41333 34667 3046

4 RAMPUR COMPOSITE 239 103 41333 33333 2752

5 FARMERS’ VARIETY 239 100 38667 32000 2860

Grand mean 234 97 41067 33867 2938

F-test NS NS NS NS NS CV (%) 7.18 7.49 3.56 6.59 18.12

This experiment was conducted at Shukranagar, the OR site of NMRP, Rampur

including six full season maize genotypes. Detail result is presented in Table 94. All

Materials and methods at Shukranagar Maize FFT Full season set. Maize FFT Early set

Date of Planting 2066/01/21 2066/12/23

Date of harvest 2066/04/17 2067/03/24

Plot size (m2) 22.5m2 22.5

Fertilizer NPK kg ha-1 120:60:40 120:60:40

Seed rate (kg ha-1) 20 20

the traits among the tested genotypes were found statistically non significant for

grain yield. However, two genotypes namely, Upahar and Across 9331 (RE)

produced highest grain yield (3046 kg ha-1

).

9.1.1.2 FFT Early set

This experiment was conducted at Shukranagar site including five early maize

genotypes. Detail result is presented in Table 95. Statistically non significant results

were found for number of plant per plot, number of ears plot and grain yield,

respectively. However, Pool-17 produced highest grain yield (3352 kg ha-1

) followed

by Arun-4 (3252 kg ha-1

) and Farmer's variety (3167 kg ha-1

).

Table 95. Result of Maize FFT Early set at OR sites Shukranagar conducted in 2009 SN Genotypes Number of

Plants/ha

Number of

ears/ha

Grain yield

(kg ha-1) 1 Pool-17 37333 36000 3352

2 Arun-1EV 29333 24000 2133

3 Arun-4 38667 36000 3252

4 S97TLYGHAyB-3 30667 33333 2831

5 Farmer's variety 40000 45333 3167

Grand mean 35200 34933 2947

F-test NS NS NS CV (%) 13.81 21.83 25.13

9.1.2 Rice

The details of materials and methods of rice experiments are presented in Table 96.

Table 96. Summary of materials and methods followed at OR sites of NMRP,

Rampur on Rice research in summer season of 2009 (066/67) 1. Rice RFFT- set Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

Date of seeding 2066/02/19-3/13 2066/02/21-3/10 2066/02/14-2/24 Date of transplanting 2066/3/10-4/19 2066/4/12-4/16 2066/3/18-3/26 Date of harvest 2066/07/18-25 2066/07/10-22 2066/07/5-15 Plot size 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2)

Fertilizer 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1 Seed rate 60 kg ha-1 60 kg ha-1 60 kg ha-1

2. Rice CFFT-RLE set Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

Date of seeding 2066/02/19-3/14 2066/3/22 2066/2/27 Date of transplanting 2066/3/10-4/9 2066/4/14 2066/3/25 Date of harvest 2066/07/05-10 2066/07/05 2066/07/02 Plot size 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2)


3. Rice CFFT-Normal Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

Date of seeding 2066/02/23-3/12 2066/02/21 2066/02/23 Date of transplanting 2066/3/28-4/12 2066/3/31 2066/03/28 Date of harvest 2066/07/15-25 2066/07/20 2066/07/20 Plot size 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) Fertilizer 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1

Seed rate 60 kg ha-1 60 kg ha-1 60 kg ha-1

4. Rice CFFT-FAR set Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

Date of seeding 2066/2/24-3/12 2066/2/21 2066/2/24 Date of transplanting 2066/3/24-4/12 2066/3/31 2066/03/24

Date of harvest 2066/07/15-25 2066/07/18 2066/07/15 Plot size 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) Fertilizer 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1 100:40:30 NPK kg ha-1 Seed rate 60 kg ha-1 60 kg ha-1 60 kg ha-1

5. Rice FAT Shukranagar Rajahar

Date of seeding 2066/2/20-3/15 2066/2/21-2/25 Date of transplanting 2066/3/15-4/19 2066/4/12-4/20

Date of harvest 2066/07/10-25 206/07/10-25 Plot size 350 m2 350 m2 Fertilizer Farmers practice Farmers practice Seed rate Farmers practice Farmers practice

9.1.2.1 Rice RFFT-Normal set

This experimental set consisted of five rice genotypes including farmer’s variety.

This set was evaluated in OR sites of Shukranagar, Rajahar and Manahari during

2009 summer season. The details of quantitative and qualitative traits are given in

Table 97. The genotype BM 9855 was recorded the highest yielder at Shukranagar

however BR 4684 was significantly highest grain yield both at Manahari (6328 kg

ha-1

) and Rajahar (2446 kg ha-1

). Among the tested genotypes, 9939 was recoded for

earliest for male flowering at Shukranagar conditions.

Table 97. Result of RFFT Rice conducted at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

Plant ht

(cm)

Days to

50% tasseling

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

Plant ht

(cm)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

Plant ht

(cm)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

1 BR 4684 115 112 4972 92 2465 103 6328

2 BM9855 104 101 5075 80 2179 83 5620

3 9939 107 100 475 65 2355 87 5132

4 Sabitri 92 107 4965 84 1822 78 4759

5 Farmers’ variety 91 104 4832 82 1772 78 4406

Grand mean 102 105 4919 80.7 2119 85.6 5249

F-test ** ** NS ** NS ** **

CV (%) 3.99 2.19 7.03 5.38 38.56 2.64 4.82

LSD (0.05) 5.403 3.055 ─ 8.18 ─ 3.488 390

9.1.2.2 Rice CFFT-Rainfed lowland early set

Table 98. Result of CFFT Rainfed Lowland Early Set Rice Conducted at OR sites of NMRP,

Rampur in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Days to 50%

flowering

Days to 75%

maturity

Panicle/m2 Plant height

(cm)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

1 B6149F-MR-7 89 124 263 99 3367

2 NR1824-2-1-1 82 108 272 86 2464

3 RP2439 92 113 224 92 3608

4 BG358 90 123 235 99 3135

5 Radha-4 88 123 277 77 3603

6 Farmers’ variety 88 122 244 92 3003

Grand mean 88.1 118.8 252.5 91 3190

F-test NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 3.82 5.62 8.46 13.45 15.43

This lowland early set of rice experiment was included six genotypes including

farmer’s variety. Each one set was planted at three OR sites (Shukranagar, Rajahar

& Manahari) and data was analyzed.Table 98 shows the detail results about the

tested genotypes. The genotypes RP-2439, Radha-4 and B-6149F-MR-7 produced

highest grain yield over other tested genotypes. From maturity point of view, the

genotype NR-1824-2-1-1 was recorded the earliest (108 days).

9.1.2.3 CFFT-Normal set

This experiment included seven rice genotypes including farmer’s variety. One set

was planted in each locations and Table 99 shows the mean of three locations

(Rajahar, Shukranagar & Manahari). Non significant differences were observed for

mean grain yield among the tested genotypes. However, the genotype 9939 produced


) and maturity days was same as farmer’s variety.

Table 99. Result of CFFT Normal Rice Conducted at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur in 2009

summer SN Genotypes Days to 50%

flowering

Days to

75% maturity

Plant height

(cm)

No. of

Panicle m-2

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

1 IR7465-195 93 126 88 254 3909

2 TOX 3749 94 128 88 213 3219

3 IR72997 92 125 96 239 4215

4 9939 95 133 99 284 4462

5 BM9855 97 134 95 283 4189

6 SABITRI 104 133 84 199 3947

7 Farmers’ variety 104 133 81 272 3537

Grand mean 97 130.29 90 249 3925

F-test - - * * NS

CV (%) 5.19 2.93 7.03 11.75 14.7

LSD (0.05) - - 11.28 52.02

9.1.2.4 CFFT-Fine and Aromatic Rice (FAR) Three sets were received from NRRP, Hardinath and each set was planted at three

locations (location as a replication). This experiment was composed of six genotypes

including farmer’s variety. The detail of observed traits has been analyzed and

presented in Table 100. Except number of panicle per meter square, all other traits

were none significantly difference. The genotype IR 72837-3-1-2 produced highest


) followed by IR 7402-165 (3673 kg ha-1

) and IR-7699

(3337 kg ha-1

), respectively.

Table 100. Result of CFFT Fine and Aromatic Rice Conducted at OR sites of NMRP,

Rampur in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Days

to50% flowering

Days to 75%

maturity

Plant height (cm) No. of Panicle/m2 Grain yield (kg ha-1)

1 IR72837-3-1-2 91 122 84 260 3707

2 IR74052 90 125 85 235 3133

3 IR74022 90 121 87 244 2807

4 IR7402-165 92 125 83 267 3673

5 IR76999 90 122 90 255 3337

6 Farmers’ variety 104 133 89 254 3015

Grand mean 92.83 124.67 85 252 3279

F-test NS * NS

CV (%) 5.96 3.54 4.64 3.5 14.72

LSD (0.05) 16.05

9.1.2.5 Farmer’s Acceptance Test (FAT)

This participatory variety selection experiment was conducted with promising

pipeline rice genotype BR-4684 compared with Farmer’s variety at two locations

Shukranagar & Rajahar. At both the locatioons the genotype BR-4684 produced

highest grain yield as compared to Farmer’s variety (Table 101) At Shukranagar

condition about 2.9 % yield increment was recorded as compared to Farmer’s variety

and 9.72% yield increment over the Farmer’s variety was recorded at Rajahar

conditions.

Table 101. Results of Farmer’s acceptance test on BR 4684 rice genotypes conducted at OR

site Sukranagar and Rajahar in 2009 Details Shukranagar

Grain yield( kg ha-1)

Rajahar


Tested genotypes (BR-4684) 4970 3950

Farmer’s Variety 4830 3600

Yield gain over farmer’s variety (kg ha-1) 14 35

Yield increment over farmer’s variety (%) 2.9 9.72

9.1.3 Wheat

The details of materials and methods while conducting wheat experiments are

presented in following Table 102.

Table 102. Summary of materials and methods followed at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur on

Wheat research in 2009 summer 1. Wheat CFFT Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

Date of seeding 2066/8/6-24 2066/08/2-13 2066/7/24-30

Date of harvest 2066/12/15-28 2066/12/15-25 2066/12/10-15

Plot size 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2)


2. Wheat RFFT Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

Date of seeding 2066/08/07-08/17 2066/08/2-27 2066/07/21-8/05

Date of harvest 2066/12/21-26 2066/12/10-18 2066/12/5-15

Plot size 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) 10 m x 5m (50 m2) Fertilizer 60:30:20 NPK kg ha-1 60:30:20 NPK kg ha-1 60:30:20 NPK kg ha-1

Seed rate 120 kg ha-1 120 kg ha-1 120 kg ha-1

3. Wheat FAT Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

Date of seeding 2066/08/05-13 2066/08/5-25 2066/07/25-8/10

Date of harvest 2066/12/20-22 2066/12/15-22 2066/12/8-18

Plot size 350 m2 350 m2 350 m2

Fertilizer Farmers practice Farmers practice Farmers practice

Seed rate Farmers practice Farmers practice Farmers practice

4. Wheat PVS Shukranagar Rajahar

Date of seeding 2066/08/24 2066/09/18

Date of harvest 2066/12/25 2066/12/30 Plot size (m2) 50 50

Fertilizer 60:30:20 NPK kg ha-1 60:30:20 NPK kg ha-1

Seed rate 120 kg ha-1 120 kg ha-1

9.1.3.1 Regional Farmers Field Trial (RFFT)

This experimental set was composed at NMRP, Rampur and consisted of six wheat

genotypes including Farmer’s variety (Table 103).

Table 103. Result of RFFT Wheat Tested at OR sites of NMRP in 2009 winter SN Genotypes Grain yield (kg ha-1)

Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

1 BL-3128 2153 2319 3006 2 NL-1050 1915 2562 2744 3 NL-1053 1754 2.094 2781 4 NL-1073 2036 2.992 2895 5 NL-971 2254 2.065 2639

6 Farmers’ variety 1970 1.936 2567

Grand mean 2014 2161 2772 F-Test NS NS * CV (%) 17.29 28.86 8.22 LSD (0.05) ˉ ˉ 301

One set each was tested at all three sites. The mean grain yield of tested genotypes

was significantly different at Manahari, where as the differences were non-

significant at Shukranagar and Rajahar locations.The genotypes NL-971 (2254 kg

ha-1), NL-1073 (2992 kg ha-1) and BL-3128 (3006 kg ha-1) recorded highest grain

yield at Manahari, Rajahar and Shukranagar sites, repectively.

9.1.3.2 Coordinated Farmer’s Field Trial (CFFT)

This trial was conducted at all three OR sites of Rampur. Seven genotypes including

farmer’s variety were evaluated at farmer's field. Only grain yield was recorded at all

the locations (Table 104). At all the three locations grain yields was found non

significant difference among the tested genotypes.

Table 104. Result of CFFT Wheat Conducted at OR sites of NMRP in 2009 winter

9.1.3.3 Participatory variety selection (PVS) on Wheat

This experiment was received from NWRP, Bhairahawa. Eight genotypes including

farmer's variety were evaluated under the strict involvement of farmers to select best

wheat genotype superior than their own traditional one. Two sets one in each at

Shukranagr and Rajahar were planted and detail result has been presented in Table

105. At Shukranagar condition, the genotype BL-3623 produced highest grain yield

(4354 kg ha-1

) and farmers also preferred this variety. Moreover, at Rajahar

conditions the released variety Gautam was found highest grain yielder (4123 kg ha-

1) and farmers also preferred this variety in this location.

Table 105. PVS on Wheat Tested at OR sites of NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter SN Genotypes Shukranagar Rajahar Plant height

(cm) Grain yield

(kg ha-1) Plant height (cm)

Grain yield (kg

ha-1)

Plant height (cm)


1 NL-1050 90 4128 81 3029 86 3578

2 NL-1053 86 3222 76 3220 81 3221 3 NL-1054 83 2129 71 3029 77 2579 4 NL-1067 85 2990 79 3255 82 3122 5 NL-1073 94 3993 77 3037 86 3515 6 BL-3623 87 4354 75 3878 81 4116 7 GAUTAM 84 2608 77 4123 81 3365 8 Farmers’variety 85 1998 77 3852 81 2925 Grand mean 87 3178 77 3428 82 3303 F-test - - - - NS NS

CV (%) 4.19 28.66 3.82 13.09 3.05 23.54

9.1.3.4 Farmer’s Acceptance Test (FAT) on Wheat

A promising wheat genotype BL-3128 was distributed as a kit for farmer’s

acceptance test at two sites of OR sites of NMRP, Rampur (Shukranagar & Rajahar)

and compared with farmers variety.The genotype BL-3128 performed better at

SN Genotypes GY (kg ha-1)

Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari

1 BL-3063 2631 1935 2958

2 BL-3623 2836 2350 3445

3 NL-1050 2631 2342 3242

4 NL-1053 2519 2558 3192

5 NL-1073 2696 2420 3193

6 GAUTAM 2617 1858 2914

7 Farmers’ variety 2650 2088 2667

Grand mean 2654 2221 3087

F-test NS NS NS

CV (%) 8.52 17.56 9.4

Shukranagar than Rajahar conditions. About 13.34 % more grain yield than farmer’s

variety was recorded at Shukranagar conditions whereas only 7.8% yield increment

was recorded at Rajahar conditions.

Table 106. Farmer’s acceptance test on BL-3128 wheat genotypes conducted at OR

site Sukranagar and Rajahar in 2009 winter

Details Grain yield (kg ha-1

)

Shukranagar Rajahar

Tested genotypes (BL-3128) 2134 2350

Farmer’s Variety 1883 2180

Yield gain over farmer’s variety kg ha-1

251 17

Yield increment over farmer’s Variety (%) 13.34 7.8

9.2 Station Support to Out-reach Research Program

9.2.1 Joint monitoring tour/farmers visit at OR sites

A joint monitoring and evaluation program was organized during 2066/07/06 to

2066/07/07 and 2066/12/09 to 2066/12/10 with the composition of NMRP staffs,

ADOs from three districts and respective farmers from all the OR sites.

In this program a total of 57 participants (38 farmers and 19 staffs) were

involved in first trip and 34 participants (25 farmers and 9 NMRP plus DADOs

staffs) were participated to evaluate the rice and wheat genotypes tested in all the

OR sites.

9.2.2 Farmer's training on maize production and Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)

One day training program was organized during 2066/07/11 about the cultivation

practices of maize and direct seeded rice (DSR).

In this training program, 33 participants (21 women farmers and 12 staffs from

NMRP and CSISA) were involved and training was successfully completed.

9.2.3 Village level planning workshop/Research planning and coordination

meeting

A village level workshop and research planning and coordination meeting was

organized on 2066/10/17.

In this program a total of 17 farmers and 34 staffs from NMRP and DADO's

were participated and program was fixed for next year for all the OR sites of

NMRP.

9.2.4 Participation in the Ratnanagar Mahotsav for the exhibition of new

technologies

Ratnanagar Mahotsav was organized 2066/09 to 2066/10/04 by Ratnanagar Chamber

and Commerce and Ratananagar Municipality. In this fair and exhibition program

NMRP also was participated with new technologies of maize rice and wheat. In the

Jhanki, NMRP got best Jhanki award and after completion of the Mahotsav NMRP

was able to win best stall award. Best display award and Maya ko chino (token of

love), respectively.

9.3 Research Highlight on Collaborative Experiments GB Hamal and TR Rijal

NMRP, Rampur has been working multilocation testing of rice and wheat in

collaboration of NRRP, Hardinath and NWRP, Bhairahawa. The collaborative

multilocation testing of varieties should be done to determine the suitability of

particular varieties to particular locations. This is one of the most important steps

prior to varieties release process. The findings of the collaborative testing of rice and

wheat in multilocations conducted during summer and winter of 2009/10 given as

followings;

9.3.1 Rice

Table 107. Summary of materials and methods followed in multi-location rice research

activities in 2009/10 summer

DETAILS CVT- N CVT-FAR CVT-E CHINIESE HYBRID

Date of seeding 2066/3/12 2066/3/12 2066/3/14 2066/3/14 Date of transplanting 2066/4/10 2066/4/11 2066/4/9 2066/4/12 Plot size 12rows x 5m long 12rows x 5m long 12rows x 5m long 10 rows x 5m long Fertilizer (NPK kg ha-1) 100:40:30 100:40:30 80:40:30 120:60:30 Spacing (cm) 20 x 20 20 x 20 20 x 20 20 x 20 No.of genotypes

/treatment/entries

25 20 12 6

Replication 3 3 3 3 Net harvested area (m2) 12 12 12 6

Table 108. Result of CVT-normal set of rice conducted at NMRP, Rampur in 2009 summer SN Genotypes Days to 50%

heading

Days to 75%

maturity

Plant ht

(cm)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

1 IR-72997 90 125 102 4729 2 YN-1850 105 136 96 4485 3 IR-78555 88 123 93 4554 4 CT-9145 86 125 102 4751 5 IR-70182 103 129 94 4738 6 IR-76479 90 125 97 4821 7 IR-77721 92 126 98 5607 8 IR-75287 103 128 99 4286 9 IR-53365 105 135 98 3838 10 IR-14846 90 125 94 4471 11 IR-75287(2) 99 130 101 4438 12 IR-78581 91 127 86 4532 13 OM-576 91 125 86 4055 14 IR-75299 91 127 93 4732 15 IR-73007 91 127 84 4160 16 WAS-202 94 128 95 3778 17 IR-73930 90 130 97 4367 18 IR-72889 92 126 92 4708 19 IR-70215 104 134 103 5524 20 IR-77542 85 125 80 4186 21 IR-84636 156 122 80 3571 22 SWARNA SUB-1 112 136 86 5052 23 SUMBA MASULI 104 132 81 4296 24 SUMBA MASULI SUB-1 104 134 78 3785 25 SABITRI 106 134 90 5037 Grand mean 98.5 128.5 92.2 4500 F-test ** ** ** ** CV (%) 22.07 1.52 8.28 9.56 LSD (0.05) 35.7 3.2 12.5 706

9.3.1.1 CVT- Normal set

This experiment consisted of 25 rice genotypes planted in three replications under

RCBD with the plot size of 15 m2 (Table 108). Statistically, days to heading,

maturity, plant height and grain yields of the tested genotypes were significantly

different. Among the tested genotypes IR-77721 out yielded (5607 kg ha-1

) followed

by IR-70215 (5524 kg ha-1

) and Swarna Sub-1 (5052 kg ha-1

).

9.3.1.2 CVT-Fine and aromatic rice

In this experiment, there was 20 fine and aromatic rice genotypes including Rato

Basmati as a check and planted in three replications. Statistically the genotypes were

significant for heading, plant height and grain yield production. Among the tested

genotypes, IR-72869-5-2-1-1 out yielded (5082 kg ha-1

) followed by WAB-56-104

(5011 kg ha-1

) and RR-26768-PJI (4901 kg ha-1

)

Table 109. Result of CVT Fine and Aromatic Rice conducted at NMRP, Rampur in 2009

summer

SN Genotypes Days to 50% Heading Days to 75% Maturity Plant height.

(cm)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

1 WAB-56-104 106 135 82 5011

2 IR-775-39-80-2-2-2 89 118 97 4217

3 IR73002-14.6-2-3-3 84 118 87 4407

4 IR-78525-140-1-1-3 93 123 99 4061

5 IR-78536-87-3-1-2 90 122 88 3897

6 IET-16775 98 124 94 4298

7 IR78557-3-2-2-2 84 120 91 4320

8 IR-74053-144-2-3 89 124 88 4155

9 IR-72869-25-237 89 124 81 3824

10 IR-7288-50-3-3-2 83 124 92 3484

11 IR-73008-136-2-2-3 89 124 92 4424

12 IR-72869-5-2-1-1 93 127 85 5082

13 IR-62266-42-6-2 93 128 99 4449

14 IR-72860-98-3-2-1 85 120 80 3668

15 YN96-5021 94 124 83 3205

16 RR 26768-PJI 95 123 95 4901

17 PSBRCZ 94 126 83 3745

18 DIANSHOI 93 124 94 4638

19 NC 452 85 118 75 3715

20 RATO BASMATI 118 142 123 2555

Grand mean 92 124 90.48 4103

F-test ** - ** **

CV (%) 1.83 - 9.57 12.41

LSD (0.05) 2.792 - 14.31 841

9.3.1.3 CVT-Rainfed lowland early set rice

A total of 12 lowland early rice genotypes were included in this experiment with

Hardinath-1 and Radha-4 as standard checks. Detail result has been presented in

Table 110. Among the tested genotypes NANJING-70272 produced significantly


) followed by IR-78936-B-6-B (4975 kg ha-1

) and

UPLRI-5 (4934 kg ha-1

).

Table 110. Result of CVT Rice Rain Fed Lowland early set Conducted at NMRP Rampur in

2009 summer S

N

Genotypes 50 %

headi

ng

days

75

%

matu

rity

days

Plant

height

(cm)

Panicle

length

(cm)

No of

tiller/

m2

No of

tiller/hill

No of

filled

grains

No of

unfilled

grain

Grain

yield

(kg

ha-1

)

1 IR 78937-B-7-b-B-B 82 110 67.0 21.0 243.0 9.67 122.33 27.67 4557

2 UPLRI5 90 111 77.0 22.7 231.7 8.00 105.67 32.33 4934

3 BIO530-A-10-1-2 86 110 83.7 24.0 290.3 9.33 107.67 45.67 4797

4 NANJING70272 90 123 77.7 21.0 261.7 8.00 128.33 29.67 5273

5 IR68077-82-2-2 91 122 69.0 20.7 361.0 11.67 69.00 20.67 4782

6 IR78936-B-6-B 82 115 75.0 22.7 273.0 8.33 122.67 26.67 4975

7 IR78937-B-B-B-B-2 82 114 83.7 23.7 274.0 8.33 116.33 23.67 4898

8 IR80013-B-141 83 116 77.0 24.7 292.0 7.00 110.33 19.33 4791

9 IR80312-6-B-3-2 89 119 80.0 23.3 306.7 8.67 100.00 30.00 4617

10 IR78945-B-16-2-B-B 84 119 95.7 24.0 239.3 7.67 109.33 36.00 4590

11 HARDINATH-1 75 108 77.3 25.3 298.7 10.33 90.33 41.33 2147

12 RADHA-4 93 121 70.3 21.3 362.0 10.00 92.67 30.33 4259

Grand Mean - 85.5 78 22.86 286.11 8.92 106.20 302.28 4550

F-test - ** ** * NS * * * **

CV (%) - 1.66 8.87 8.07 18.90 16.33 16.24 27.97 10.98

LSD (0.05) - 2.40 11.68 3.13 91.55 2.46 29.21 14.34 85

9.3.1.4 Evaluation of Chinese Hybrids

Six promising Chinese hybrid rice were evaluated under three replicated conditions

at Rampur. Detail result has been presented in Table 111. Among the tested

genotypes the highest grain yielder was LP-458 (5674 kg ha-1

) followed by LP-156

(5270 kg ha-1

) and LP-308 (5092 kg ha-1

), respectively. The shortest for plant height

was recorded for LP-305 (98 cm).

Table 111. Grain yield and other yield attributes of Chinese Hybrid Rice tasted at NMRP,


SN Genotypes plant height (cm) 50% days to heading

75% days to maturity

No. of filled grain

1000 grain wt.(g)


1 LP-158 102 84.33 116 149 29.71 4977

2 LP-801 99 85.67 117 153 30.26 4573

3 LP-156 103 80.67 114 146 29.54 5270

4 LP-458 100 89.00 121 131 33.04 5674

5 LP-305 98 85.33 119 111 30.93 4769

6 LP-308 100 86.67 121 150 28.46 5092

Grand mean 100 85 118 140 30.32 5059

F-test NS ** ** * NS NS

CV (%) 5.94 0.63 0.2 9.42 6.3 8.57

LSD (0.05) ˉ 0.978 0.429 23.98 ˉ ˉ

9.3.2 Wheat

Detail materials and methods for wheat multi-location experiments have been

presented in Table 112

Table 112. Summary of materials and methods followed at NMRP, Rampur on multi-

location Wheat research in 2009/10 winter

9.3.2 .1 25th

Nepal Rainfed Nursery

Table 113. Result of 25th Nepal Rainfed Nursery at NMRP, Rampur in 2009/10 winter

SN Genotypes 50% heading

days

Plant

height (cm)

Disease

(LB)

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

1 BL-4184 72 95 53 1712 2 BL-4185 73 90 56 1609 3 BL-4186 76 94 54 1772 4 BL-4187 76 95 32 1520 5 BL-4188 76 99 43 1212 6 BL-4189 73 86 54 1810 7 BL-4190 75 88 56 1762 8 BL-4191 71 85 43 2281 9 BL-4192 75 90 58 9554 10 BL-4193 69 95 32 2469 11 BL-4194 73 90 57 1370 12 BL-4195 73 92 56 2025 13 BL-4196 72 95 53 1199 14 BL-4197 73 96 58 1557 15 BL-4198 73 90 54 1364 16 BL-4199 72 102 42 1762 17 BL-4200 71 109 32 2007 18 BL-4201 73 108 32 1911 19 BL-4202 74 98 59 2009 20 BHRIKUTI 74 75 59 1015 21 BL-4203 69 102 32 2446 22 BL-4204 69 99 53 9256 23 BL-4205 71 97 54 1714 24 BL-4206 74 101 32 2283 25 BL-4207 74 98 56 1978 26 BL-4208 75 89 59 974 27 BL-4209 75 101 56 2025 28 BL-4210 75 96 57 811 29 BL-4211 70 102 57 2286 30 BL-4212 71 93 59 1758 31 BL-4213 73 86 56 1211 32 BL-3976 70 84 59 1406 33 BL-4003 70 88 54 1774 34 BL-4014 72 80 54 1879 35 BL-4054 72 77 57 1355 36 BL-4073 69 82 43 2087 37 BL-4075 76 87 53 1520 38 BL-4080 68 76 56 1554 39 BL-4089 75 78 43 1418

Particulars Wheat CVT

Wheat IET WVD 25thNRN WCCAT-1 WCCAT-2 Spot blotch

Date of seeding 2066/8/23 2066/8/22

2066/8/25 2066/8/24 2066/8/16 1st

2066/9/10

2nd

2066/9/5 2066/9/14

Date of harvest 2066/12/25 2066/12/25

2066/12/30 2066/12/28 2066/12/20-067/1/10

2066/12/30-067/1/5

Scoring only

Plot size 10 rows ×4m long

8 rows × 3m long

4 rows × 2m long

2 rows × 2m long

6 rows × 3m long

8 rows × 4m long

2 rows × 1m long

Fertilizer (NPK kg ha-1)

70:30:20 60:30:20 60:30:20 60:30:20 100:50:25 100:50:25 100:50:25

Spacing (cm) 25 × Continious

25 × Continious

25 × Continious

25 × Continious

25 × Continious

25 × Continious

25 × Continious

No.of genotypes /treatment/entries

20 30

41 100 6 10 258

Replication 2 2

1 1 1 2 None

Net harvested area (m2)

8 4.5 2 1 3 6 Scoring only

40 GAUTAM 69 80 56 1854 41 BL-4093 69 82 43 1254 42 BL-4102 75 81 56 1656 43 BL-4105 71 87 32 1827 44 BL-4109 71 84 53 2442 45 BL-4115 71 80 59 1812 46 BL-4124 69 84 57 1652 47 BL-4126 71 78 56 1509 48 BL-4127 71 84 59 1568 49 BL-4137 71 83 59 1125 50 BL-4142 76 82 59 1261 51 BL-4157 76 88 46 1276 52 BL-4172 80 88 58 409 53 BL-4177 74 85 53 1267 54 PRL/2*PASTOR/4/ 76 76 59 658 55 KAMB1*2/KIRITATI 72 80 58 1067 56 PYN/BAU//2*PASTOR 82 74 59 613 57 WBLL1*2/4/SNI/.. 79 73 59 560 58 WBLL1/KUKUNA/KAMB1 78 81 59 710 59 AC-8528/WBLL-1 79 80 58 1068 60 NEPAL-297(CHECK) 71 82 59 1273 61 ATTILA/3*BCN//BAV92/3/TIL 78 75 59 1064 62 MILAN/S-87230//BABAX 77 71 59 459 63 PFAU/MILAN//WBLL-1 78 81 56 1074 64 WBLL-1*2/KKTS 81 76 59 355 65 WBLL-1*2/VIVITSI 80 77 59 458 66 BAW-923/4/GEN/3/.. 79 83 57 1882 67 BAW_923//SOURAV/.. 79 83 57 1015 68 GARUDA*2/BAW748 70 72 59 1014 69 URES/JUN//KAUZ/3/K-9211 77 67 59 1071 70 BL-4229 69 74 59 1571 71 BL-4230 68 74 43 1071 72 BL-3952 66 92 56 1353 73 BL-4007 73 86 59 862 74 BL-4020 71 80 59 704 75 TOSKA-26/RASCON-37//... 88 58 59 203 76 STORLOM/3/RASCON-37/... 90 58 59 160 77 ARMENT//2*SOOTY-9/.. 85 64 59 290 78 CHM_83.2578/4/D-88059// 82 72 59 100 79 DRIRA/2*CMH_77A.1165/8/.. 73 80 58 915 80 BL-3063 69 83 35 2230 81 HX87-244/HX_87-255/5/.... 71 89 57 1171 82 BL-4237 71 83 58 1164 83 BABAX/LR_42//BABAX*2/4/.. 80 80 59 614 84 BABAX/LR_42//BABAX*2/3/.. 74 79 59 509 85 FRET_2*2/KIRITATI 79 70 58 916 86 WBLL_1*2/KIRITATI 80 71 57 861 87 BL-4242 80 69 57 814 88 THELIN/2*_WBLL1 79 74 59 509 89 RABE/6/WRM/4/... 75 73 59 458 90 POLLMER-2.1.1 81 87 59 1216 91 ARDI-1/TOPPO_1419//... 78 92 58 864 92 ARDI/GNU//2*FAHAD-1/3/... 75 91 57 1782 93 TOB/ERA//TOB/... 74 78 47 754 94 BL-4249 76 73 57 869 95 PASTOR/3/WBLL_1 80 77 59 661 96 PASTOR/3/KAUZ*3/.. 76 85 46 1725 97 FRAME//MILAN/KAUZ/3/... 78 76 57 1622 98 CROC-1/AE.SQU(205)//.. 76 70 59 664 99 BL-4254 76 68 59 614 100 WK-1204(CHECK) 76 74 57 1425

Grand mean 74.51 83.65 53.97 1456 SD 4.35 10.31 7.78 1277 CV (%) 5.85 12.32 14.42 87.68

This screening nursery consisted of 100 wheat genotypes with standard checks

(Gautam & Bhrikuti). Seven genotypes namely; BL-4193, BL-4199, BL-4200, BL-

4201, BL-4203, BL-4206 and BL-4105 were found resistant reaction against wheat

leaf blight disease. The highest grain yielder was BL-4193 (2469 kg ha-1

). The detail

result has been presented in Table 113.

9.3.2.2 Initial Evaluation Trial (IET)

This experiment consisted of 30 wheat genotypes including two standard checks

namely; Bhrikuti and Gautam. Detail results have been presented in Table 114. The

tested genotypes showed significant differences for all the traits except plant height.

The highest grain yield was found in BL-4012 (2750 kg ha-1

) followed by BL-4063

(2543 kg ha-1

) and BL-4154 (2385 kg ha-1

).

Table 114. Result of IET wheat conducted at NMRP Rampur in 2009/10 winter SN Genotypes 50%

Heading days

75% Maturity days

Plant height (cm)

No of spikes/m2

No of grain /spikes


1 BL-3967 66 106 89 271 48.5 1840

2 BL-4012 73 110 86 300 44.5 2750

3 BL-4039 76 111 83 232 46.0 2129

4 BL-4063 64 110 86 254 35.5 2543

5 BL-4154 71 109 89 262 45.0 2385

6 NL-1073 69 110 79 266 37.0 1862

7 NL-1093 78 111 87 250 40.5 2042

8 NL-1094 77 111 81 315 44.0 1907

9 NL-1095 76 110 88 275 39.5 1966

10 ML-1096 81 113 87 208 43.0 1548

11 NL-1097 79 111 87 297 37.0 1180

12 NL-1098 71 109 81 231 37.0 1696

13 NL-1099 77 111 87 274 36.5 1519

14 NL-1100 75 110 91 301 43.0 1619

15 NL-1101 81 112 81 185 18.5 616

16 NL-1102 78 111 84 278 36.5 1432

17 NL-1103 79 111 77 228 34.0 804

18 NL-1104 80 112 86 284 35.0 1468

19 NL-1105 82 113 86 242 35.0 842

20 NL-1106 80 111 81 305 28.0 1440

21 NL-1107 70 110 83 242 38.0 1523

22 NL-1108 76 111 83 218 40.0 1023

23 NL-1109 75 110 83 227 38.5 1395

24 NL-1110 69 111 83 194 46.0 1516

25 NL-1111 77 111 81 248 40.0 1696

26 NL-1112 75 109 85 212 42.0 1340

27 NL-1113 71 109 80 231 37.0 1276

28 NL-1114 74 110 92 270 25.0 1377

29 Bhrikuti 74 109 81 226 42.5 1927

30 Gautam 79 111 85 253 26.0 1431

Grand mean 75 110 84 252 37.97 1603

F-test ** * NS * * **

CV (%) 0.66 1.13 5.16 14.10 11.68 18.28

LSD (0.05) 1.02 2.55 8.88 72.76 12.96 599.33

9.3.2.3 Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT)

This experiment included 20 wheat genotypes including 3 check varieties viz; Gautam,

Bhrikuti and RR-21. Table 115 presents the results of all the observations. The tested

genotypes were found significantly difference for all the traits except number of

spikes/m2. Statistically the genotype BL-3623 produced highest grain yield (2635 kg

ha-1

) followed by BL-3555 (2484 kg ha-1

) and Gautam (2360 kg ha-1

).

Table 115. Result of CVT-wheat conducted at NMRP Rampur in 2009/10 winter SN Genotypes 50 %

heading days

75 % maturity

days

Plant height (cm)

No of spikes/m2

No of grain/spike


1 BL-3404 75 105 79 285 35.50 1970 2 BL-3555 71 107 78 300 38.00 2484 3 BL-3623 68 105 80 229 42.00 2635 4 NL-1013 73 111 85 225 41.00 2003

5 NL-1042 71 106 81 241 54.50 1633 6 BL-3819 77 108 88 242 36.00 2218 7 NL-1023 71 106 75 256 39.00 2095 8 NL-1026 69 105 85 235 45.50 1889 9 NL-1041 77 108 84 233 32.00 1417

10 NL-1044 79 112 76 236 37.50 1338 11 NL-1046 81 110 85 288 45.50 1713 12 NL-1049 78 108 81 263 44.00 1948 13 NL-1050 69 105 80 254 39.00 2092

14 NL-1053 75 107 85 297 41.00 1816 15 NL-1054 79 110 77 222 38.00 1545 16 NL-1067 75 108 88 264 35.00 1989 17 NL-1073 72 103 76 271 40.50 1630 18 Gautam 72 105 88 216 43.00 2360 19 Bhrikuti 72 110 82 270 42.50 2011 20 RR21 69 110 87 266 34.50 1070

Mean 73 107 82 254 40.20 1893

F-test ** ˉ ** NS * **

CV (%) 0.950 ˉ 3.850 12 10.56 15.120

9.3.2.4 Wheat Varietal Display (WVD)

Table 116. Wheat Varietal Display Conducted at NMRP Rampur in 2009/10 winter SN Genotypes 50%

Heading days

Plant height (cm)

GY (kg ha-1)

SN Genotypes 50% Heading days

Plant height (cm)

GY (kg ha-1)

1 LERMA-52 75 116 2155 21 BL-1135 64 85 1780

2 LERMA-ROJA64 73 88 1741 22 AANAPURNA-4 63 93 1620

3 KALYANSONA 74 79 1858 23 ACHYUT 78 116 1153

4 PITIC-62 80 78 836 24 ROHINI 68 89 1175

5 RR-21 67 91 1139 25 KANTI 77 108 1892

6 NL-30 79 80 537 26 PASANG-LHAMU 74 99 1774

7 HD-1982 64 77 1356 27 BL-1473 63 87 1530

8 UP-262 70 84 1768 28 GAUTAM 72 94 2030

9 LUMBINI 68 91 1271 29 WK-1204 76 84 1167

10 TRIVENI 74 73 636 30 ADITYA 68 84 1414

11 VINAYAK 70 75 840 31 NEPAL-971 76 88 2581

12 SIDDHARTHA 69 67 1433 32 BL-3063 67 92 2475

13 VASKAR 71 72 1421 33 BL-2879 73 93 1131

14 NEPAL-297 64 78 1353 34 BL-3235 73 102 2192

15 NEPAL-251 67 83 1575 35 NL-1050 70 82 1353

16 AANAPURNA-1 76 79 1200 36 NL-1053 75 87 1014

17 AANAPURNA-2 73 81 1433 37 NL-1073 71 86 2378

18 AANAPURNA-3 73 82 1810 38 BL-3623 68 84 2173

19 BL-1022 67 78 1017 39 BL-3503 69 92 1971

20 BHRIKUTI 74 78 1251 40 NL-1064 80 99 932

41 NL-1067 76 87 804

Mean 71.4 86.8 1492

SD 4.68 10.67 503.8

CV (%) 6.56 12.28 33.77

This display nursery included 41 released and promising wheat genotypes. Table 116

shows the detail results of the tested genotypes. Among the tested genotypes, Nepal-

971 was observed superior for grain yield production (2581 kg ha-1

) followed by BL-

3063 (2475 kg ha-1

) and NL-1073 (2378 kg ha-1

). The yields of the tested genotypes

ranged from 537 kg ha-1

to 2581 kg ha-1

.

9.3.2.5 Wheat Climate Change Adaptation Trial (WCCAT-I)

This experiment was composed ofh six wheat genotypes planted in two dates (Dec.-

1 & Dec.15) with fungicide (Propiconazole 25% EC) spray and another with non

spray plots. The detail of result has been presented in Table 117. The black rust

disease was not appeared in this season at Rampur condition. So, here the disease

scoring has not been mentioned. Genotypes were found statistically similar for grain

yields but planting date had some effect on the performance of the tested genotypes.

Table 117. Results of Variety, Planting date & Fungicide spray on the occurrence of

Black rust of wheat (WCCAT-1) at NMRP, Rampur in 2009 winter SN Treatments Days

to 50% heading

Plant height (cm)

No of spkes/m2

No of grains/ spikes


1 Francolin 70 79 287 35 2100

2 Aditya 65 74 232 32 1700

3 BL-3063 65 83 231 32 1700

4 Shatbadi 74 86 261 35 1900

5 Gautam 69 85 239 38 2100

6 Sonalika 65 87 251 32 1800

Mean 68 82 250 34 1857

Variety(A) ** * ** NS NS

Planting date (B) ** NS NS ** **

A × B ** NS NS NS NS

Fungicide (C) NS NS

A × C NS NS

B × C NS NS NS

A × B × C NS NS

CV (%) 2.2 7.09 69.26 13.89

9.3.2.6 Wheat Climate Change Adaptation Trial (WCCAT-II)

This experiment was designed with the separate and mixture of four varieties with

total entries of 10. This experiment also was focused on the study of black rust

disease on wheat but the disease was not occurred in this season at Rampur

conditions. Table 118 shows the detail results of the tested treatments. The genotype

Francolin produced the highest grain yield (2502 kg ha-1

) followed by BL-3063

(2467 kg ha-1

) and mixture of Francolin and BL-3063 (2317 kg ha-1

).

Table 118. Result of wheat varieties under fungicide spray and varietal mixture on black rust

of wheat (WCCAT-II) at Rampur in 2009 winter SN Treatments Days to 50%

heading Plant height (cm)

No of spikes/m2

No of grain/ spike


1 Francolin (V1) 70 82 340 41 2502

2 Pauraque (V2) 72 80 325 37 1907

3 BL-3063 (V3) 68 90 286 31 2467

4 Aditya (V4) 69 83 277 38 1904

5 V1+V2 71 80 313 34 2093

6 V1+V3 68 88 306 34 2317

7 V1+V4 70 79 283 37 2235

8 V2+V3 69 84 285 34 1889

9 V2+V4 71 82 271 38 1859

10 V3+V4 68 88 292 34 1987 Mean 70 83.5 298 35.7 2116

Fungicide (A) - - - - NS

Genotypes (B) ** ** NS * **

A × B - NS - - -

CV (%) 1.07 4.57 14.93 11.79 12.14

9.3.2.7 First CSISA Spot Blotch Experiment on Wheat

This spot blotch screening nursery was received from CIMMYT, Mexico. The

nursery included 258 wheat genotypes planted in non replicated single row plot.

Each genotype was scored for leaf rust and spot blotch diseases. Leaf rust was

scored on the basis of per cent disease covered and level of resistance while in

scoring of spot blotch; two digits first for disease height and second for per cent leaf

blighted due to disease were followed. Detail results of the tested genotypes have

been presented in Annex 3. Of the tested wheat genotypes, 46 were found free from

leaf rust and 25 were ranked as resistant genotypes, while 31 wheat genotypes were

scored as resistant to spot blotch.

9.4 Determination of Heterotic Groups of Nepalese Maize Inbred Lines DB Gurung and BR Pandey

Maize is a model plant for studying heterosis due to the high levels of heterosis in

grain yield and commercial use of hybrids. The heterotic groups of maize has played

an important role in improving the scientific predictability of maize breeding,

formulating the breeding objectives, utilizing the breeding resource, constructing and

improving of the basis populations, breeding the inbred lines and hybrids

composing. The classification of maize inbred lines into different heterotic groups is

an important undertaking for a breeding program to determine the potential

usefulness of the lines for the development of high yielding hybrids and synthetic

varieties. Heterotic groups comprise a set of genotypes that perform well when cross

with genotypes from a different heterotic groups. In another word a heterotic group

is germplasm that when crossed to germplasm from another heterotic group, tends to

exhibit a higher degree of heterosis that when crossed to member of its own groups.

Most of breeding programs in the world have successfully used a few established

heterotic groups to develop successful hybrids. The extensive use and investigations

of a well-established heterotic pattern, Reid×Lancaster, have given many good maize

hybrids in China (Fan et al., 2002) and many parts of the world (Menkir et al., 2004;

Melani and Carena, 2005; Barata and Carena, 2006).

Two major heterotic group-classification methods are currently used across the

world. The traditional method uses specific combining ability with some line-

pedigree information and yield performance to assign a maize line to a heterotic

group (Kauffman et al., 1982). Another method employs various molecular markers

to compute genetic similarity or genetic distance so assign maize lines to different

heterotic groups (Menkir et al., 2004; Barata and Carena, 2006)

National Maize Research Program (NMRP) has been maintaining of its own inbred

lines obtained from CIMMYT and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

(IITA). The attempt to classify lines into heterotic groups and identify heterotic

partners were lacking except the work done by Gurung et al.(2001) on genetic

divergence of local landraces. He has classified 27 landraces into 5 clusters based on

genetic distance. Gurung et al. (2005) have classified and assigned ten yellow maize

populations into three heterotic groups (A, B and AB) based on heterosis and SCA

effects of grain yields. Establishment of the best combination of inbreds among the

heterotic groups for maximizing the expression of heterosis in hybrids but works on

this areas were not sufficient in Nepalese context, therefore this study was carried

out with the objective of classifying Nepalese inbred lines into different heterotic

groups based on the grain yield and standard heterosis.

The different types of trials namely Diallel Cross trials at both Rampur and

Parwanipur, Diallel Cross trials (late) at Rampur and Co-ordinated Variety Trial

hybrid (CVT-H) trials at both Rampur and Parwanipur during 2004/05, Diallel

Cross (early-medium) trial, Diallel Cross trial (medium-late), Observation Nursery

trials, TTWSCYL trials and CVT hybrid trials at Rampur during 2005/06,

Observation Nursery trials (OBN-1, 2 and 3),Top Cross trials and Co-ordinated

Variety Trials hybrid (CVT-H) at Rampur during 2006/07 and Co-ordinated Variety

Trials hybrid (CVT-H), Diallel Cross trials , Test Cross trials, Diallel Cross trials

(early) at Rampur during 2007/08 were conducted for the experimentation.

All the trials were carried out during winter season. A total of 76 crosses were

included in this study including 13 different standard checks. All the trials were

tested in Randomized complete block design with three replications. The plot size of

the trials was 4 rows of 5m long. Plant spacing was maintained at 75x 25 cm. The

FYM @ 10 t ha-1

and 120:64:40 kg NPK/ha was applied in the experiment. Half

nitrogen and full dose of phosphorous and potash (60:60:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1

) was

applied during sowing. Remaining dose of nitrogen is splitted into 2 parts and top-

dressed during 30 DAS and 45 DAS. The detail information about these trials was

presented in the following Table 119.

Two hand weeding was done and other cultural operations were carried out as per

recommendation. The data were recorded for grain yield. Grain yield was calculated

using ear weight at harvest assuming 80% shelling and adjusted to 15% moisture

level. The standard heterosis in grain yields were calculated using following

formula;

Standard Heterosis (%) = [(F1– SH)/SH] × 100

Where, SH is the mean value over replications of the standard (local commercial)

hybrid or cultivar.

Table 119. Details of multilocations maize experiments conducted from 2004 to2008 Experiment

years

No. of

Crosses

Name of Checks Experiment

Designs

Name of experiments Locations

2004/05 20 Gaurav RCBD with 3

replications

CVT-H trials and

Diallel cross trials

Diallel cross trials

(late)

Rampur

and

Parwanipur

Rampur

2005/06 18 JKMH1001, AHISCI

and Rampur

Composite

RCBD with 3

replications

Diallel cross

(early-med, med-

late), OBN,

TTWSCYL and

CVT-H trials

Rampur

2006/07 18 Gaurav, Pio30G10,

Pio30G11,

Pio30G12, Bio9681,

Bio9682, Bio9683,

Bio9684, Bio9685, Bio9686 and Rampur

Composite

RCBD with 3

replications

Observation

Nursery-1,2,3

Rampur, Top cross

and CVT-H trials

Rampur

2007/08 20 Gaurav and Rampur

Composite

RCBD with 3

replications

Dialle Cross,

Diallele

(early)trials, Test

Cross and CVT-H

trials

Rampur

76 ( 152 inbred lines)

The data for all experiments were analyzed statistically and their standard heterosis

was calculated based on formula as mentioned in the materials and methods. The

yield potentiality of the crosses was also identified for each cross in all experiments.

The grain yield of hybrid had more than the yield of best checks. Inbred lines were

classified into different heterotic groups based on the grain yield and standard

heterosis as these hybrids expressed in the crosses.

Hybrids showed differences for grain yields in all trials in all years. Standard

heterosis of these hybrids ranged from -0.03 to 73.4%. Most of inbred hybrids

showed positive standard heterosis for grain yield. In the year 2007/08, hybrids RL-

165/RL-17 in Test Cross trial and RL-36/RL-197, RL-13-1/NML-1 and RML-

19/NML-2 in Diallel Cross trial had shown > 15 to 40% standard heterosis (Table

120).

Hybrids namely RL-111/RL-189 and RL-193/RL-111 (in Observation Nursery 1

trial), RML-4/RML-3, RML-73/RML-72, NML-2/RL-12 and NML-1/RL-17 (in

Observation Nursery 2 trial), NML-1/RML-8, R.C./RL30-1 and RL-47/RML-5 (in

Observation Nursery 3 trial), RML-59/KYM, RML-60/KYM, RL-14/KYM, RML-

52/KYM, RL-37/KYM and RML-13/KYM (in Top Cross trial) and RML-4/NML-2,

NML-1/RML-8 andRML-6/RML-8 (in CVT Hybrid trial) showed > 15 to 40%

standard heterosis in 2006/07 (Table 121).

Similarly, in the year 2005/06, RML-5/RL-47, RML-8/RL-47 and RML-5/RML-8

(in Diallel cross medium-late trial), NML-1/RML-17, RML-7/RML-18, RML-

6/RML-18 and RML-5/NML-1 (in Obervation Nursey trial) displayed > 40%

standard heterosis (Table 122).

Table 120. Standard heterosis of maize inbred crosses evaluated at Rampur under CVT hybrid

trial, Diallel cross trial, Test cross trial and Diallel Cross (Early) trial in 2007/08

SN

Crosses

Grain

yield (kg

ha-1)

Best check

variety

Grain yield

of the best

check

Standard

heterosis

(%)

Experiments

1 RML-4/NML-2 8694 Gaurav 8577 1.4 CVT-H

2 RML-18/RML-17 8548 Gaurav 8577 -0.3 CVT-H

3 RML-19/NML-2 12309 Gaurav 9201 33.8 Dialel cross

4 RML-19/RL-197 9706 Gaurav 9201 5.5 Dialel cross

5 RML-62/RML-19 9425 Gaurav 9201 2.4 Dialel cross

6 RL-13/RML-3 9833 Gaurav 9201 6.9 Dialel cross

7 RL-36/RL-197 10752 Gaurav 9201 16.9 Dialel cross

8 RL-13-1/NML-1 10907 Gaurav 9201 18.5 Dialel cross

9 RML-62/NML-1 9849 Gaurav 9201 7.0 Dialel cross

10 RML-62/RL-13-1 10493 Gaurav 9201 14.0 Dialel cross

11 RL-86/RML-18 7851 RC 7638 2.8 Test cross

12 RML-4/RML-17 7732 RC 7638 1.2 Test cross

13 RL-165/RL-17 8822 RC 7638 15.5 Test cross

14 RL-7/RML-17 7723 RC 7638 1.1 Test cross

15 RL-36/RL-178 7789 RC 7425 4.9 Diallel (early)

16 RML-55/RML-40 7634 RC 7425 2.8 Diallel (early)

17 RML-55/RL-29 8443 RC 7425 13.7 Diallel (early)



20 RML-40/RL-162 8351 RC 7425 12.5 Diallel (early)

In Diallel Cross trial at Rampur the hybrids namely RML-4/RML-7, RML-5/NML-

1, NML-2/RML-6 and RML-6/RML-7 produced > 40% standard heterosis in

2004/05 (Table 123).

Table 121. Standard heterosis of maize inbred crosses tested at Rampur under Observation

Nursery trials (OBN-1, OBN-2 and OBN-3), Top cross trial and CVT hybrid trial

in 2006/07 SN Crosses Grain

yield (kg

ha-1)

Best check

variety

Grain yield

of the best

check

Standard

heterosis

(%)

Experiments

1 RL-111/RL-189 8637 Gaurav 6709 28.7 OBN-1

2 RL-193/RL-111 7834 Gaurav 6709 16.8 OBN-1

3 RML-4/RML-3 9077 Gaurav 6508 39.5 OBN-2

4 RML-73/RML-72 8189 Gaurav 6508 25.8 OBN-2

5 NML-2/RL-12 7848 Gaurav 6508 20.6 OBN-2

6 NML-1/RL-17 7592 Gaurav 6508 16.7 OBN-2

7 NML-1/RML-8 7121 Pio30G10 5981 19.1 OBN-3

8 R.C./RL30-1 7485 Pio30G11 5981 25.1 OBN-3

9 RL-47/RML-5 7226 Pio30G12 5981 20.8 OBN-3

10 RML-59/KYM 7417 Bio9681 5683 30.5 Top cross


12 RL-14/KYM 7142 Bio9683 5683 25.7 Top cross


14 RL-37/KYM 7064 Bio9685 5683 24.3 Top cross


16 RML-4/NML-2 7639 Rampur

Composite

5497 39.0 CVT-H

17 NML-1/RML-8 7057 Rampur

Composite

5497 28.4 CVT-H

18 RML-6/RML-8 7471 Rampur

Composite.

5497 35.9 CVT-H

Table 122. Standard heterosis of crosses tested at Rampur under Observation Nursery trial,

TTWSCYL trial Diallel cross trials (Early-Medium and Medium-Late) (OBN-1, OBN-2 and OBN-3) and CVT hybrid trial in 2005/06

SN Genotype Grain

yield (kg

ha-1)

Best check variety Grain

yield of

the best

check

Standard

heterosis

(%)

Experiments

1 RL-9/RL-19 7073 JKMH 1001 6567 7.7 Diallel (early-med)

2 RL-30/RL-41 7628 JKMH 1001 6567 16.2 Diallel (early-med)

3 RML-5/RL-47 8287 Rampur Composite 5666 46.3 Diallel (med-late)



6 RML-5/RML-8 7964 Rampur Composite 5666 40.6 Diallel (med-late)

7 RL-47/RL-31 7868 Rampur Composite 5666 38.9 Diallel (med-late)

8 NML-1/RML-17 9208 AHISC1 5309 73.4 OBN

9 RML-7/RML-18 8074 AHISC1 5309 52.1 OBN

10 RML-6/RML-18 7657 AHISC1 5309 44.2 OBN

11 RML-5/NML-1 7609 AHISC1 5309 43.3 OBN

12 RML-8/RML-17 7270 AHISC1 5309 36.9 OBN

13 (RML18/RML72) x CLRCY014 9821 JKMH 1001 8055 21.9 TTWSCYL

14 (RML18/CML481) xCLRCY014 9788 JKMH 1001 8055 21.5 TTWSCYL

15 RML-4/RML-5 6955 R.C. 5811 19.7 CVT-H

16 RL-30/RL-5 6599 R.C. 5811 13.6 CVT-H

17 RL-17/NML-1 6337 R.C. 5811 9.1 CVT-H

18 RML-8/NML-1 6522 R.C. 5811 12.2 CVT-H

Table 123. Standard heterosis of crosses evaluated at Rampur and Parwanipur under Diallel

cross trials, Diallel late trials and CVT hybrid trials in 2004/05 SN

Crosses

Grain yield

(kg ha-1)

Best check

variety

Grain yield

of the best

check

Standard

Heterosis

(%)

Experiments

1 RML-5/NML-1 9321 Gaurav 6235 49.5 Diallel (Rampur) 2 NML-2/RML-6 9327 Gaurav 6235 49.6 Diallel (Rampur) 3 RML-4/RML-7 9118 Gaurav 6235 46.2 Diallel (Rampur) 4 RML-6/RML-7 9392 Gaurav 6235 50.6 Diallel (Rampur) 5 RML-3/NML-1 8803 Gaurav 9530 -7.6 Diallel (Pawanipur) 6 RML-5/NML-1 10025 Gaurav 9530 5.2 Diallel (Pawanipur) 7 NML-2/RML-5 8842 Gaurav 9530 -7.2 Diallel (Pawanipur) 8 NML-2/RML-6 8789 Gaurav 9530 -7.8 Diallel (Pawanipur) 9 RML-4/RML-3 8025 Gaurav 9530 -15.8 Diallel (Pawanipur)

10 RML-3/RML-6 8154 Gaurav 9530 -14.4 Diallel (Pawanipur) 11 RML-3/RML-7 9068 Gaurav 9530 -4.8 Diallel (Pawanipur) 12 RML-3/RML-8 8378 Gaurav 9530 -12.1 Diallel (Pawanipur) 13 RL-14/RML-8 8756 Gaurav 9257 -5.4 Diallel late (Rampur) 14 RL-14/RL-35 9383 Gaurav 9257 1.4 Diallel late (Rampur) 15 RL-30/RL-35 10008 Gaurav 9257 8.1 Diallel late (Rampur) 16 RML-6/NML-1 8724 Gaurav 8501 2.6 CVT-H (Rampur) 17 RML-4/RML-5 9047 Gaurav 8501 6.4 CVT-H (Rampur) 18 RML-6/RML-8 8598 Gaurav 8501 1.1 CVT-H (Rampur) 19 RML-4/RML-5 7462 Gaurav 7043 5.9 CVT-H (Parwanipur) 20 RML-7/RML-8 7546 Gaurav 7043 7.1 CVT-H (Parwanipur

Table 124. Classification of inbred into different heterotic groups and heterotic partners based on their standard heterosis and grain yield

Heterotic group A

Heterotic partners

Heterotic group B

Heterotic partners

Heterotic group C

Heterotic partners

Heterotic group D

Heterotic partners

Heterotic group E

Heterotic partners

1. RML-5 2. RML-5 3. RML-4

4. RML-6 5. RML-19 6. RL-13-1 7. RML-8 8. RL-17 9. RML-7 10.RML-62 11. RML-5

12. RML-6 13. RML-4 14. RML-6

NML-1, NML-2 RML-8

1. NML-1 2. RML-7 3. RML-6

4. RML-8 5. RL-165 6. RL-86 7. RML-4 8. RL-7

RML-17 RML-18

1. RL-13 2. RL-47 3. RML-4

4. RL-30 5. NML-2 6. RML-4 7. RML-4

RML-3 RML-5 RML-6

RML-6 RML-5 RML-4

RML-8 RL-111 RML-73 RL-36 RL-165 RML-62 RML-55 RML-40

RL-30 RML-62 RL-14

RML-7 RL-47 RML-

72. RL-197 RL-30-1 RL-72

RL-47 RML-8 RML-59

RML-60 RL-14 RML-52 RL-37 RML-13 NML-2 RL-193 NML-1

RL-30 RL-9 RL-29 RL-36 RML-55 RL-137

RL-36, RL-31, RL-12,

RL-111, RL-178 and KYM (Khumal Yellow)

14 3 8 2 7 3 14 6 17 6

Conclusion: The heterosis of 40% and above is considered best for its commercial exploitation in

maize. Therefore RML-4/RML-7, RML-5/NML-1, NML-2/RML-6, RML-6/RML-

7, RML-5/RL-47, RML-8/RL-47 and RML-5/RML-8, NML-1/RML-17, RML-

7/RML-18, RML-6/RML-18 and RML-5/NML-1 were found better and promising

for hybrid development.

Five heterotic groups are established based on the grain yield, standard heterosis of

grain yield. The 14 inbred lines were assigned under heterotic A, 8 under heterotic B

and 7 under heterotic group C. Similarly, 14 and 17 inbred lines are placed under

the heterotic groups D and E. Heterotic partners for each heterotic groups are

identified and assigned accordingly

Since this grouping is conservative, should further be verified based on the SCA

effects of the grain yield

ANNEXES

Annex 1. Agro-morphological characterization of 106 maize inbred lines at NMRP, Rampur

in 2010 summer SN

Inbreds Days to

50 %

tasseling

Days to

50%

silking

ASI leaf

orient

ation

(score

1-3)

Plant

height

(cm)

Plant

aspect

(score

1-5)

Ear

aspect

(score

1-5)

Ear

positi

on

(cm)

Tassel

Struct

ure

(score

1-3)

Tassel

branch

numbe

r (no.)

Tassel

length

(cm)

1 RL-114 58 60 2 1 120.0 4.0 4.5 50.0 2 8.0 28.6

2 RL-103 73 80 7 2 75.0 3.5 5.0 35.0 1 6.5 29.8

3 RL-12 59 58 -1 2 85.5 3.5 2.5 40.0 3 19.0 22.7

4 RL-129 60 58 -2 2 120.5 3.0 2.0 50.0 2 7.0 24.4

5 RL-28 58 61 3 1 132.0 2.0 4.0 50.0 2 12.5 32.0

6 RL-31 66 68 2 2 110.5 2.5 2.5 50.0 3 17.0 28.0

7 RL-80 61 62 1 3 162.0 1.0 1.0 81.0 3 15.0 33.5

8 RL-117 64 70 6 2 119.0 2.5 2.5 51.0 1 6.0 26.0

9 RL-36 63 68 5 1 81.5 2.0 2.0 34.0 1 7.0 22.8

10 RL-85 52 53 1 2 173.5 1.0 1.0 75.5 2 19.5 29.3

11 RL-100 63 69 6 2 140.0 3.0 3.0 50.0 3 9.5 32.0

12 RL-118 55 59 4 1 117.0 3.0 3.5 37.5 1 9.0 24.0

13 RL-116 54 56 2 3 171.0 2.0 2.0 60.0 1 9.0 41.0

14 RL-112 52 54 2 1 133.0 2.0 1.5 66.0 1 15.0 26.0

15 RL-140 58 60 2 3 147.5 1.5 1.5 65.5 2 21.5 30.0

16 RL-25 57 60 3 2 138.0 1.5 2.0 66.5 1 12.0 32.0

17 RML-41 70 80 10 2 80.0 4.5 4.5 30.0 2 6.0 22.0

18 RML-12 59 61 2 2 142.5 2.0 1.5 56.0 2 14.0 24.0

19 RML-9 72 80 8 2 75.0 2.5 3.5 25.0 1 9.5 25.0

20 RL-177 60 62 2 2 119.5 2.5 2.5 56.5 3 10.0 25.0

21 RML-6 59 61 2 2 140.0 1.0 1.0 65.0 2 11.5 42.0

22 RL-29 66 62 -4 3 85.0 4.0 3.5 48.0 3 13.0 23.0

23 RL-153 68 71 3 2 90.5 2.5 2.5 35.5 2 6.0 27.0

24 RL-1 59 62 3 3 122.5 1.0 2.0 55.0 1 13.0 35.0

25 RL-101 57 60 3 3 121.5 2.0 2.5 54.5 2 10.0 29.0

26 RL-161 59 62 3 2 111.0 3.0 2.5 51.0 2 8.0 27.0

27 RL-41 67 69 2 2 78.5 3.5 3.0 25.0 2 5.5 18.0

28 RL-166 67 62 -5 2 112.0 4.0 3.0 45.0 2 8.0 27.0

29 RML-7 51 54 3 2 113.5 2.0 2.5 53.0 2 16.0 26.2

30 RL-97 59 60 1 2 66.5 5.0 5.0 30.0 2 13.0 14.4

31 RL-197 65 80 15 2 85.0 4.5 4.5 27.5 2 9.0 23.0

32 RL-30-1 66 62 -4 2 70.0 4.0 4.0 27.5 1 7.5 23.6

33 RL-159 62 63 1 2 116.5 2.5 3.5 46.0 1 7.0 23.4

34 RL-170 66 69 3 2 140.5 1.5 1.5 56.0 2 10.0 33.0

35 RL-165 73 80 7 1 78.0 5.0 5.0 30.0 1 5.0 19.3

36 RL-108 55 57 2 3 117.5 2.0 2.0 50.0 2 12.0 23.0

37 RL-76 62 67 5 2 84.0 3.5 4.0 32.0 2 15.0 25.5

38 RL-94 57 59 2 2 148.5 1.5 2.0 75.0 2 19.5 32.3

39 RL-95 63 65 2 2 95.0 3.0 3.0 43.5 2 6.0 32.5

40 RL-160 56 57 1 2 122.5 2.0 2.0 53.0 2 10.5 25.5

41 RML-54 60 61 1 1 118.0 2.0 1.5 42.5 2 5.0 14.3

42 RL-137 61 59 -2 3 95.5 3.5 3.5 32.5 1 10.5 24.8

43 RML-68 66 61 -5 2 125.0 3.5 3.0 45.0 2 12.5 22.5

44 RML-18 78 70 -8 1 39.0 2.0 2.0 11.0 1 5.0 15.5

45 RML-76 60 56 -4 2 135.0 2.5 2.0 49.5 2 1.5 30.5

46 RL-154 66 59 -7 2 103.0 2.5 2.5 56.0 3 9.5 33.8

47 RL-84 59 61 2 3 122.5 2.5 2.0 60.0 3 7.5 32.5

48 RL-105 63 66 3 2 80.5 2.0 2.5 30.0 2 6.0 41.0

49 RL-194 74 78 4 1 50.0 4.0 2.0 27.0 2 5.0 24.0

50 RML-17 63 60 -3 2 140.0 1.0 1.0 75.0 2 14.0 37.5

51 RML-40 72 80 8 1 51.0 4.5 5.0 15.0 2 9.0 17.2

52 RML-74 55 56 1 2 173.0 1.0 1.0 82.5 3 10.0 28.0

53 RL-107 70 74 4 2 90.0 4.5 5.0 25.0 2 5.0 20.0

54 RL-13-2 66 70 4 2 95.0 2.5 3.0 30.0 2 7.0 23.0

55 RL-96 59 60 1 2 105.5 2.0 2.5 52.5 2 9.5 24.0

56 RL-17 63 66 3 2 130.5 2.5 2.0 50.0 1 8.0 29.0

57 RL-150 62 66 4 2 93.0 5.0 5.0 40.5 1 4.0 14.0

Annex 1. Continue... SN

Inbreds Days to

50 %

tasseling

Days

to

50%

silking

ASI leaf

orienta

tion

(score

1-3)

Plant

height

(cm)

Plant

aspect

(score

1-5)

Ear

aspect

(score

1-5)

Ear

positi

on

(cm)

Tassel

Structu

re

(score

1-3)

Tassel

branch

number

(no.)

Tassel

length

(cm)

58 NML-2 62 59 -3 2 97.5 2.0 2.0 48.0 1 10.0 28.0

59 RL-189 55 53 -2 2 157.5 1.0 1.0 63.0 3 11.0 38.0

60 RL-167 63 66 3 2 72.5 5.0 5.0 30.0 2 4.0 14.0

61 RML-8 52 50 -2 2 148.5 1.0 3.0 73.5 2 8.0 32.0

62 RL-143 63 70 7 2 93.5 3.5 4.0 45.0 1 6.0 20.0

63 RL-86 62 70 8 2 91.0 5.0 5.0 46.0 1 5.0 15.0

64 RL-174 71 75 4 2 90.0 5.0 2.0 21.0 2 6.5 18.0

65 RL-30-3 70 73 3 2 90.0 4.5 4.5 35.0 2 4.5 15.0

66 RML-76 70 73 3 2 80.0 3.0 4.0 25.0 2 6.0 14.0

67 RL-125 65 67 2 2 86.0 4.5 4.5 30.0 2 5.0 16.0

68 RC 50 52 2 2 174.0 2.0 2.5 72.5 2 10.0 33.0

69 L-12 62 62 0 2 129.0 1.5 3.0 67.5 2 13.0 25.0

70 L-11 70 73 3 2 120.5 1.5 2.5 61.0 2 6.0 28.0

71 PUTU-13 71 73 2 2 80.0 4.5 4.5 50.0 2 6.5 22.0

72 PUTU-22 62 66 4 1 85.5 4.0 4.5 48.0 1 7.0 26.0

73 PUTU-15 70 72 2 2 127.5 3.0 3.5 57.5 2 4.0 25.0

74 PUTU-17 62 61 -1 2 109.0 3.0 2.0 51.0 2 9.0 28.0

75 L-9 82 82 0 2 82.5 2.5 2.5 40.0 2 5.0 20.0

76 L-8 66 70 4 2 91.0 1.5 1.5 40.0 2 9.5 25.0

77 L-7 63 66 3 2 95.0 1.5 2.0 51.0 3 6.0 26.0

78 L-6 69 72 3 1 82.5 2.0 4.5 37.5 3 8.0 18.0

79 L-5 70 73 3 2 80.0 3.5 3.5 25.0 2 3.0 14.0

80 L-4 56 58 2 2 132.0 3.5 3.5 80.0 3 12.0 22.0

81 L-3 64 60 -4 2 96.0 2.0 2.5 38.5 2 4.0 17.0

82 L-2 57 56 -1 2 150.0 1.0 1.0 75.0 2 13.0 28.0

83 L-1 64 69 5 2 88.5 1.5 2.0 46.0 3 9.0 25.0

84 AG-20 57 57 0 1 131.0 1.5 2.0 60.0 1 6.0 30.0

85 PUTU-19 60 62 2 1 127.0 1.0 1.0 75.5 2 13.0 31.0

86 PUTU-12 59 61 2 2 94.0 3.5 3.0 50.0 2 3.0 20.0

87 PUTU-8 65 70 5 2 97.5 3.5 3.0 40.0 3 8.0 25.0

88 PUTU-18 58 59 1 1 139.0 1.5 1.5 69.5 1 17.5 28.0

89 PUTU-4 56 57 1 2 150.0 2.5 3.0 78.0 1 6.0 30.0

90 PUTU-14 63 62 -1 2 110.0 1.5 2.0 47.5 2 7.5 34.0

91 L-24 64 62 -2 2 118.5 1.5 2.5 60.0 1 9.0 30.0

92 L-20 59 60 1 2 142.5 1.5 2.0 73.0 1 9.0 29.0

93 L-19 59 60 1 2 117.5 2.0 2.5 64.5 2 7.0 26.0

94 L-18 62 70 8 2 96.5 2.0 3.0 40.5 3 9.5 18.0

95 L-17 58 61 3 2 95.0 2.5 3.0 37.5 2 9.0 22.0

96 L-16 64 66 2 2 60.0 4.5 5.0 25.0 2 5.0 14.0

97 L-25 57 58 1 2 140.0 1.5 2.0 60.0 3 6.5 16.0

98 PUTU-3 61 59 -2 2 106.0 2.0 2.0 55.0 2 9.0 26.0

99 PUTU-21 70 73 3 2 95.0 3.5 3.5 45.0 2 4.5 18.0

100 PUTU-16 58 57 -1 2 122.5 2.5 2.5 70.0 2 8.0 22.0

101 PUTU-7 64 71 7 2 93.0 2.5 2.5 42.5 2 13.0 26.0

102 L-15 69 71 2 2 98.0 2.5 3.0 57.5 2 9.5 26.0

103 L-14 62 66 4 1 90.0 2.5 2.5 37.5 3 8.0 27.0

104 L-13 66 70 4 2 75.0 3.5 3.5 30.0 3 5.5 19.0

105 PUTU-20 59 60 1 3 117.5 2.5 2.5 67.5 2 7.5 31.0

106 ARUN-2 47 48 1 2 190.0 4.0 3.5 82.5 3 14.5 32.0

Annex 2. Agro-morphological characterization of 62 maize inbred lines at NMRP, Rampur

in 2010 winter SN Name of

inbred lines

Days to

50 %

tasseling

Days

to 50%

silking

ASI No. of

leaf

Leaf

orient

ation

(score

1-3)

Plant

height

(cm)

Plant

Aspect

(score

1-5)

Ear

Aspect

(score

1-5)

Ear

position

(cm)

Tassel

structure

(score

1-3)

Tassel

branch

Number

(No.)

Tassel

Length

(cm)

Tassel

color

(score

1-3)

Silk

color

(score

1-3)

1 RML-19 72 76 4 12.33 3 149.5 2 2 45.5 3 8.66 42.6 1 1

2 NML-2 71 75 4 12.33 2 191.5 1.5 1.5 80 3 10.33 38 3 2

3 RL-137 54 58 4 10.33 3 148.5 2 2 62.5 3 14 29.3 3 3

4 RML-4 59 62 3 11 1 120 1.5 2 55 2 7 35.3 3 3

5 RML-32 58 61 3 11.33 1 135.5 1.5 1.5 70.5 2 13.66 38.6 1 2

6 RML-17 74 77 3 12.33 2 162 3 2.5 67.5 2 9.66 33.3 3 2

7 RML-55 53 57 4 11.66 3 172 2.5 2.5 105.5 3 18 36.3 3 3

8 RL-29 53 55 2 11.33 3 147.5 1.5 2 82 3 13.33 28.6 3 3

9 RL-99 58 61 3 11 1 140.5 2.5 2.5 61 2 10.66 32 3 3

10 RL-72 57 62 5 10 3 99.5 2.5 2.5 60 2 5.33 38 3 2

11 RML-18 48 54 6 12.66 1 185 1.5 1.5 90.5 2 17 42 3 2

12 RML-6 71 75 4 12.33 3 165.5 1.5 2 65 3 8 40.6 3 1

13 RL-111 62 67 5 12.33 1 175 1.5 2 85.5 1 7 39 3 2

14 RL-189 71 74 3 13.33 3 203.5 2.5 2 100 2 13.66 45.3 3 2

15 RL-195 54 58 4 12 2 150 2.5 2.5 95.5 2 19.66 30.3 3 2

16 PUTU-17 58 62 4 11.66 1 131.5 2 2 62.5 2 13.33 41.6 3 2

17 PUTU-20 59 62 3 10.66 3 115 1.5 2 45 1 8.66 38.6 3 2

18 AG-27 62 66 4 12 3 170 3 3 75 3 11.66 42 3 2

19 RL-182 70 73 3 11.33 3 100 3 2.5 50.5 3 8 37.3 3 2

20 RL-174 70 74 4 10.66 1 140 2 2 55 3 10.66 35.3 2 2

21 RL-36 70 74 4 9.66 3 101.5 3 2.5 30 3 7.33 37.6 3 1

22 RML-36 68 72 4 10 1 99 2 2 50 2 7 36.3 2 2

23 RL-197 69 72 3 10 1 149.5 2.5 2.5 70 2 9 40.6 2 2

24 RL-180 53 58 5 12.33 3 211 3 2.5 91.5 3 16 43.3 3 2

25 RML-55 58 62 4 12.33 1 120 1.5 2 42 2 10.33 31 3 2

26 RL-5 59 61 2 12.33 1 150 1.5 2 75 2 14.66 32.3 3 1

27 RML-57 62 67 5 10 3 100 2.5 2.5 30.5 3 6 34.6 3 2

28 RML-6 62 66 4 12.66 3 107.5 1.5 2 25 3 8 36.6 3 2

29 RL-25 49 54 5 11.66 1 180 1.5 2 85.5 2 8.33 42.3 3 2

30 RL-170 61 55 -6 11.33 3 191 2 2 100 3 7 40.3 3 2

31 RL-154 61 66 5 10.66 1 143 1.5 2 60 3 10.33 34.6 3 1

32 RL-96 60 63 3 9.33 1 137 3 2.5 67.5 2 10 39.3 3 2

33 RL-102 62 65 3 9 1 100 2.5 2.5 45.5 2 6.66 36.3 3 2

34 RL-114 71 75 4 11.33 1 150 1.5 1.5 70 3 12 39.3 3 2

35 RL-153 61 65 4 11 1 140 1.5 2 66 2 9.33 35.3 3 2

36 RL-186 61 64 3 11.66 2 160 1.5 2 65.5 3 16 32.3 2 1

37 RL-150 62 66 4 11 1 136.5 3 2.5 55.5 3 14.33 31.6 3 2

38 RL-151 54 57 3 10.33 1 150 2 2 70 3 17.66 35.6 3 2

39 RL-86 57 61 4 11.33 3 160 1.5 2 80.5 3 4.33 42.6 2 2

40 RL-183 61 65 4 9 1 120 3 2.5 35 2 7 35.6 2 3

41 L-20 49 53 4 10.66 1 160.5 1.5 1.5 91.5 3 9.33 35 1 3

42 PUTU-22 61 64 3 10.33 3 140 1.5 2 55 3 9.66 36.3 3 1

43 PUTU-12 60 64 4 12 2 120 1.5 1.5 50 2 9 34 3 3

44 RL-85 49 53 4 11 1 152 1.5 1.5 60 3 14 46 3 1

45 L-10 71 76 5 11.33 3 95.5 2.5 2.5 35.5 3 6 30.3 2 1

46 L-3 59 62 3 12.33 2 110 1.5 2 55 2 7.33 37.3 3 3

47 PUTU-21 69 72 3 10.66 2 122 1.5 2 52.5 2 13.33 37.6 3 3

48 RML-62 72 74 2 12.33 3 150 2 2 111 3 11.66 35.3 3 2

49 RL-105 56 50 -6 10 3 170 2 2 85 2 10 38 3 2

50 RML-8 47 50 3 10.66 3 166.5 1.5 1.5 80.5 3 11.33 45.6 3 2

51 RL-165 58 62 4 10.66 3 140 2.5 2.5 65 3 9.66 40.3 2 3

52 RL-94 62 66 4 10.33 3 150 2 2 75 2 18 40.6 1 1

53 RL-17 52 56 4 10 2 190 2 2 90 2 6.33 30.3 1 2

54 RL-19 53 56 3 10.66 3 140 3 2.5 50 3 10.33 44 3 3

55 RL-106 58 62 4 9.33 3 110.5 2.5 2.5 43.5 3 6.33 37.6 3 1

56 RL-84 54 57 3 10.66 3 165 2.5 2 70 3 7.33 41.6 1 1

57 RML-55 58 62 4 8.66 3 161.5 3 3 75.5 3 6.66 34 3 1

58 L-17 55 64 9 8.33 3 95 3 2.5 45 3 7.66 27.6 3 3

59 RL-194 58 62 4 10.33 3 120 2.5 3 60 3 9 33.6 1 3

60 RML-62 64 68 4 10.66 3 170 1.5 2 85 3 8.33 37 3 3

61 RC 68 72 4 11 2 169.5 1.5 1.5 90.5 2 9.33 45 1 1

62 Arun-2 64 68 4 10.66 2 154 2 2 80 3 9.33 42.3 1 1

Annex 3. Result of 1

st spot blotch experiment at NMRP, Rampur in 2009\10 (CSISA

\CIMMYT) SN GENOTYPES 50 %

heading days

Leaf

rust scoring

SQRT

transformation of leaf rust

scoring

Spot

blotch scoring

1 CHIRYA.3 66 5MR 2.24 35 2 TRCH*2//PFAU/WEAVER 70 1R 1.00 36 3 TRCH*2//PFAU/WEAVER 70 2R 1.41 36 4 TRCH*2/3/C80.1/3*QT4118//3*PASTOR 70 0 0.00 35

5 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/4/.. 70 80S 8.94 23 6 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/4/.. 69 80S 8.94 23 7 PFAU/SERI.18//AMAD*2/3KRONSTAD F2004 69 0 0.00 37 8 WAXWING*2/KRONSTAD F2004 70 0 0.00 48 9 WADWING*2/CIRCUS 64 0 0.00 47 10 WADWING*2/CIRCUS 69 10MR 3.16 53 11 WAXWING*2/CIRCUS 64 90S 9.49 35 12 PEW343*2/KUKUNA//KRONSTAD F2004/3PBW343*2 68 90S 9.49 58

13 PEW343*2/KUKUNA//KRONSTAD F2004/3PBW343*2 67 0 0.00 57 14 INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA//PFAU/WEAVER/3/.. 67 5 MR 2.24 58 15 SAAR*2/3/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1 72 2R 1.41 35 16 SAAR*2/3/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1 72 1R 1.00 23 17 SAAR*2/3/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/4/C80.1/ 72 10 MS 3.16 34 18 SAAR/2*WAXWING 70 20MS 4.47 35 19 SAAR*2/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 70 10MR 3.16 53 20 SAAR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 68 0 0.00 48 21 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/2*PFAU/ 68 5MS 2.24 35

22 CHONTE//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 69 2R 1.41 35 23 SERI.1B*2/3KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/PBW343*2/ 68 1R 1.00 54 24 PFAU/SERI.1B//AMAD/3/2*HUW234+LR34/PRINIA 67 10MS 3.16 57 25 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/5/CNO79// 70 70S 8.37 56 26 SONALIKA 62 0 0.00 59 27 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/5/CNO79//.. 71 30S 5.48 35 28 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/5/CNO79//.. 73 90S 9.49 46 29 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/5/CNO79//.. 73 50S 7.07 35

30 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ*2/5/CNO79//.. 71 90S 9.49 23 31 PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PASTOR//CHIL/PRL/4/.... 65 90S 9.49 59 32 PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PASTOR//CHIL/PRL/4/.... 66 1R 1.00 58 33 PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PASTOR//CHIL/PRL/4/.... 68 0 0.00 58 34 TRCH//INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA 68 0 0.00 59 35 PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 65 5MR 2.24 56 36 PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 65 0 0.00 58 37 PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 1R 1.00 57

38 PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 48 39 WAXWING//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 58 40 WAXWING//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 57 41 C80.13/*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 72 1R 1.00 43 42 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 70 10MR 3.16 37 43 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 10MR 3.16 46 44 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 64 0 0.00 58 45 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 65 0 0.00 57

46 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 65 0 0.00 48 47 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 1R 1.00 56 48 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 65 5R 2.24 35 49 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 65 0 0.00 58 50 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 59 51 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 0 0.00 35 52 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 80S 8.94 58 53 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 65 0 0.00 34 54 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 5R 2.24 35

55 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 0 0.00 35 56 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 56 57 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 54 58 WHEAR/KRONSTAD F2004 64 0 0.00 34 59 WHEAR/KRONSTAD F2004 64 1R 1.00 35 60 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/C80.1/3*QT4522// 67 0 0.00 36 61 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/C80.1/3*QT4522// 66 0 0.00 57 62 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/C80.1/3*QT4522// 66 0 0.00 56

63 ELVIRA//INQALAB 91*2/TUKURU 70 90MR 9.49 54

64 PFAU/MILAN//PBW343*2/TUKURU 67 5MR 2.24 53 65 PFAU/WEAVER//PBW343*2/TUKURU 64 0 0.00 57 66 PRL/2*PASTOR//SUNSTATE 63 0 0.00 35 67 PRL/2*PASTERO/5/HUITES/4/CS/TH.SC//3*PVN/3/ 66 0 0.00 59

68 PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 70 0 0.00 58 69 TILHI/PALMERIN F2004 65 0 0.00 57 70 TILHI/PALMERIN F2004 64 0 0.00 58 71 TILHI/PALMERIN F2004 67 0 0.00 59 72 TILHI//PFAU/MILAN 66 0 0.00 43 73 KEA/TAN/4/TSH/3/KAL/BB//TQFN/5/PAVON/6/.. 66 10MR 3.16 43 74 MUNIA/CHTO/3/PFAU/BOW//VEE#9/4/CHEN/ 66 90S 9.49 53 75 PRL/2*PASTOR/4/URES/JUN//KAUZ/3/BAV92 70 50MS 7.07 35

76 TILHI/4/CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA(213) 69 90S 9.49 56 77 MESIA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 35 78 MESIA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 34 79 BERKUT//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 10R 3.16 56 80 BERKUT//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 70 50S 7.07 56 81 PARUS/PASTOR//INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA 62 1R 1.00 54 82 PASTOR/2*SITTA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 65 0 0.00 56 83 PASTOR/2*SITTA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 0 0.00 57

84 CAL/NH//H567.71/3/SERI/4/CAL/NH//H567.71/5/.. 67 90S 9.49 34 85 CAL/NH//H567.71/3/SERI/4/CAL/NH//H567.71/5/.. 71 90S 9.49 35 86 GUAM92/KAUZ//ZHENGYOU 6 67 90S 9.49 34 87 GUAM92/KAUZ//ZHENGYOU 6 68 90S 9.49 32 88 CHIBIA/4/PGO//CORC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)/3/.. 105 50MS 7.07 23

89 CHDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI_2/3AEGILOPS SQUARROSA... 67 20MS

4.47 47

90 CHIRYA.3 67 20MR 4.47 34 91 CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI_2/3/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA 69 20MR 4.47 32

92 CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI_2/3/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA 74 10MR 3.16 35 93 CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI_2/3/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA 67 5MS 2.24 59 94 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//BORL95/3/2*MILAN/.... 70 0 0.00 58 95 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//BORL95/3/2*MILAN/.... 79 0 0.00 35 96 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//KAUZ/3/ATTILA/4/... 76 50S 7.07 56 97 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//KAUZ/3/ATTILA/4/... 76 0 0.00 58 98 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//KAUZ/3/PASTOR/4/... 76 0 0.00 59 99 CORC-1Q/AE.SQUARROSA (2O5)//KAUZ/3/SASIA/4/... 70 50S 7.07 57

100 CORC-1Q/AE.SQUARROSA (2O5)//KAUZ/3/SASIA/4/... 70 20S 4.47 57 101 CORC-1Q/AE.SQUARROSA (2O5)//KAUZ/3/SASIA/4/... 72 60S 7.75 56 102 CORC-1Q/AE.SQUARROSA (2O5)//KAUZ/3/SASIA/4/... 72 20MS 4.47 58 103 CORC-1Q/AE.SQUARROSA (2O5)//KAUZ/3/SASIA/4/... 69 90MS 9.49 58 104 ESDA//ALTAR 84/AE.SQUARROSA (211)/3/ESDA/4/.. 67 10MR 3.16 58 105 ESDA//ALTAR 84/AE.SQUARROSA (211)/3/ESDA/4/.. 66 5R 2.24 34 106 PASTOR/KAUZ//TROST 67 80S 8.94 35 107 PASTOR/KAUZ//TROST 71 90S 9.49 36

108 PFAU/MILAN//TROST 71 5R 2.24 35 109 PFAU/MILAN//TROST 71 0 0.00 32 110 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//BORL95/3/2*MILAN/.. 71 1R 1.00 35 111 KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/3/W98.6.38/5/SABUF/4/... 67 0 0.00 32 112 SIRKKU/PRINIA/4/CLC89//ESDA/KAUZ/3/BJY/COC//... 69 0 0.00 35 113 SIRKKU/PRINIA/4/CLC89//ESDA/KAUZ/3/BJY/COC//... 69 0 0.00 54 114 MINO/898.97 70 0 0.00 54 115 MINO/898.98 72 0 0.00 35

116 MINO/898.98 66 0 0.00 53 117 KAUZ//ALTA 84/AOS/3/PASTOR/4/873.97 68 0 0.00 43 118 PGO/DERO//BAU/3/DUCULA/4/630.94 64 80S 8.94 54 119 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//KAUZ/3/ATTILA/4/... 64 20MR 4.47 35 120 MINO/NING MAI 9558 65 10MR 3.16 45 121 SHA7/VEE#5/5/VEE#8//JUP/BJY/3/F3.71/TRM/4/.... 70 5R 2.24 32 122 SHA7/VEE#5/5/VEE#8//JUP/BJY/3/F3.71/TRM/4/.... 64 0 0.00 53 123 SHA7/VEE#5/5/VEE#8//JUP/BJY/3/F3.71/TRM/4/.... 70 0 0.00 52 124 MUNIA/CHTO/3/PFAU/BOW//VEE#9/4/CHEN/ 66 0 0.00 43

125 LERKE/5/KAUZ/3/MYNA/VUL//BUC/FLK/4/MILAN/6/... 67 0 0.00 43 126 LERKE/5/KAUZ/3/MYNA/VUL//BUC/FLK/4/MILAN/6/... 68 0 0.00 44 127 LERKE/5/KAUZ/3/MYNA/VUL//BUC/FLK/4/MILAN/6/... 68 0 0.00 35 128 PFAU/MILAN//SOVA/3/PBW65/2*SERI.18 71 0 0.00 32 129 TIMBA//FILIN/MILAN/4/BCN/3/FGO/USA2111//... 70 0 0.00 43 130 HEILO/4/CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//BORL95/3/,,,, 69 0 0.00 22 131 HEILO/4/CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//BORL95/3/,,,, 68 0 0.00 32

132 RDWG/MILAN//ELVIRA/3PFAU/WEAVER 66 0 0.00 32 133 SA544,GBR/FR89.5//FISCAL/3/VARIS 68 0 0.00 35 134 H99326//RDWG/MILAN/3/VARIS 71 0 0.00 34 135 VR 99B057/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//.. 66 0 0.00 45

136 VR 99B057/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//.. 67 0 0.00 58 137 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//GLE/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 64 0 0.00 59 138 KIRITATI//PRL/2*PASTOR 64 90S 9.49 57 139 PICAFLOR 68 80S 8.94 57 140 PICAFLOR 70 5R 2.24 43 141 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 23 142 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 35 143 QUAIU 66 0 0.00 47

144 QUAIU 68 0 0.00 33 145 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 32 146 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 34 147 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 35 148 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 33 149 QUAIU 68 0 0.00 23 150 PAURAQUE 69 0 0.00 56 151 PAURAQUE 70 0 0.00 35

152 GRACKLE 70 0 0.00 59 153 WAXWING*2/TUKURU 65 0 0.00 58 154 WAXWING*2/TUKURU 69 0 0.00 47 155 BECARD 69 0 0.00 59 156 BECARD 72 5MS 2.24 35 157 BECARD 72 5R 2.24 34 158 SONALIKA 61 0 0.00 59 159 TACUPETO F2001*2/BRAMBLING 78 70S 8.37 23 160 OTUS//PRL/2*PASTOR 75 1R 1.00 46

161 TILHI/SOKOLL 68 0 0.00 57 162 COOK/VEE//DOVE/SERI/3/GEN/4/PASTOR/5/MILAN/.... 72 0 0.00 35 163 OTUS/3/PBW343/PASTOR//ATTILA/3*BCN 68 20MS 4.47 56 164 PFAU/MILAN/4/CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//.. 73 0 0.00 45 165 SNB//CMH79A.955/3*CN079/3/ATTILA/4/CHEN/,.... 73 50MS 7.07 58 166 PASTOR/KAUZ/6/CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI-2/3/,, 73 70MS 8.37 35 167 WEAVER//VEE/PJN/3/MILAN/4/BL 1496/MILAN/3/.... 72 30MS 5.48 45 168 UP2338/3/HE1/3*CN079//2*SERI/5/STAR//PVN/ 67 50MS 7.07 35

169 CHIBIA/WEAVER/5/KAUZ//ALTAR 84/A0S/3/MILAN/..... 67 20MS 4.47 46 170 CHIBIA/WEAVER/5/KAUZ//ALTAR 84/A0S/3/MILAN/..... 72 90S 9.49 35 171 CHIBIA//PRLII/CM65531/7/VEE#8//JUP/BJY/3/.... 66 20MS 4.47 35 172 PRINIA/PASTOR//HUITES/3/MILAN/OTUS//ATTILA/.... 72 0 0.00 23 173 PRINIA/PASTOR//HUITES/3/MILAN/OTUS//ATTILA/.... 72 10MR 3.16 32 174 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/TOBA97/PASTOR 70 0 0.00 23 175 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/TOBA97/PASTOR 69 0 0.00 33 176 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/TOBA97/PASTOR 69 0 0.00 43

177 WHEAR/3/PBW343/PASTOR//ATTILA//3*BCN 67 70S 8.37 35 178 PBW343/HUITES/3/MILAN/OTUS//ATTILA/3*BCN 69 0 0.00 54 179 [BW343/HUITES/4/YAR/AE.SQUARROSA (783)//... 71 0 0.00 53 180 PBW343/PASTOR//OTUS/TOBA97 71 90S 9.49 35 181 PBW343/PASTOR//OTUS/TOBA97 71 70S 8.37 35 182 PBW343/PASTOR//OTUS/TOBA98 71 60MS 7.75 54 183 JUN//MAYA/MON/3/PGO/4/MILAN/5/TACUPETO F2001 69 0 0.00 35 184 METSO/WHEAR 70 0 0.00 32

185 ELVIRA/4/URES/JUN//KAUZ/3/BAV92/5/PFAU/... 70 0 0.00 32 186 MUNIA/CHTO/3/PFAU/BOW//VEE#9/4/CHEN/ 68 10MR 3.16 53 187 CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI-2/3/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA 68 5R 2.24 43 188 CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI-2/3/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA 67 0 0.00 53 189 KAUZ//ALTA 84/AOS/3/PASTOR/4/MILAN/CUPE//.... 69 60S 7.75 35

190 PASTOR//TRAP#1/BOW/3/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA. 75 0

0.00 23

191 PBW343/TONI//TROST/3/SOVA 75 60S 7.75 22 192 PFAU/MILAN//TROST/3/PBW65/2*SERI.1B 70 50MS 7.07 35

193 EJIC//ATTILA/2*PASTOR/4/VEE/PJN//2*TUI/3/..... 68 0 0.00 53 194 SW89.5277/BORL95//SKAUZ/3/PRL/2*PASTOR/4/.... 70 10MR 3.16 35 195 SW89.5277/BORL95//SKAUZ/3/PRL/2*PASTOR/4/.... 70 20MS 4.47 43 196 SW89.5277/BORL95//SKAUZ/3/PRL/2*PASTOR/4/.... 70 5R 2.24 53 197 CHIRYA.3 73 20MR 4.47 35 198 URES/JUN//KAUZ/3/MUNIA/4/MILAN/KAUZ/5/CHEN/.... 69 0 0.00 53 199 FISCAL/3/ALTAR 84/AE.SQ//2*OPATA/4/SNI/.... 72 0 0.00 56

200 CBRD/4/NAC/TH.AC//3*PVN/3/MIRLO/BUC/5/CBRD/... 72 80S 8.94 54 201 SHA7//PRL/VEE#6/3/FASAN/4/HAAS8446/2*FASAN/.. 70 10MR 3.16 53 202 SHA7/VEE#5/5/VEE#8//JUP/3/F3.71/TRM/4/... 70 0 0.00 58 203 SW89.5181/KAUZ//TORST/3/FRENT2*2/KUKUNA 74 0 0.00 59

204 NG82O1/KAUZ/4/SHAY//PRL/VEE#6/3/FASAN/5/.... 64 0 0.00 56 205 SHA7//PRL/VEE#6/3/FASAN/4/HAAS8446/2*FASAN/.. 67 0 0.00 46 206 SW8688//INQALAB 91*2/TUKURU 70 0 0.00 54 207 YNM39//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 68 0 0.00 43 208 YUNMAI 48/ROLF07 75 0 0.00 44 209 YUNMAI 48/ROLF07 73 0 0.00 45 210 YUNMAI 48//PBW343*2.KUKUNA 69 0 0.00 57 211 YUNMAI 48//PBW343*2.KUKUNA 71 0 0.00 35

212 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/PBW343* 70 10R 3.16 54 213 PFAU/SERI.1B//AMAD*2/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 70 0 0.00 56 214 PRL/2*PASTOR//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/ROLFO7 70 0 0.00 43 215 WAXWING*2//INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA 62 0 0.00 57 216 WAXWING*2//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 63 0 0.00 59 217 WAXWING*2//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 69 0 0.00 58 218 WAXWING*2//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 67 0 0.00 57 219 HUW234+LR34/PRINIA//INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA/5/..... 64 0 0.00 58

220 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 73 0 0.00 56 221 SONALIKA 64 0 0.00 59 222 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/TUKURU/3/PBW343 70 0 0.00 54 223 T.DICOCCON PI94625/AE.SQUARROSA (372)//TUI/... 70 10R 3.16 56 224 RE714/SAAR//SAAR 76 0 0.00 34 225 KRICHAUFF/3/MILAN/OTUS//ATTILA/3*BCN 71 0 0.00 43 226 ELVIRA/3/BABAX/LR42//BABAX/5/PVN//CAR422..... 68 0 0.00 57 227 WHEAR/3/UPES/PRL//BAV92/4/TIMBA 73 0 0.00 59 228 MIRIAM 33/KHVAKI/3/BABAX/LR42//BABAX 70 90S 9.49 58

229 SW89.5277/BORL95//SKAUZ/3/DULUS/4/BABAX/... 67 90S 9.49 35 230 WHEAR/SOKOLL 70 0 0.00 35 231 WHEAR/SOKOLL 66 0 0.00 54 232 WHEAR/VIVITSI//WHEAR 70 0 0.00 53 233 CHEWINK 70 0 0.00 53 234 CHEWINK 70 0 0.00 52 235 WHEAR/KIRITATI/3/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1 68 0 0.00 56 236 SAAR*2//PBW343*2/KUKUNA 66 90S 9.49 57

237 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (205)//BORL95/3/2*MILAN/.. 66 0 0.00 58 238 PBW343/TONI/5/SABUF/4/ALTAR 84/.... 68 0 0.00 57 239 PBW343/TONI/5/SABUF/4/ALTAR 84/.... 68 0 0.00 56 240 SNB//CMH79A.955/3*CN079/3/ATTILA/4/WUH1/... 68 0 0.00 58 241 CHIRYA.3 67 80S 8.94 53 242 TNMU//PSN/BOW/3/HEILO/4/PGO/SERI//BAU/3/..... 74 20MS 4.47 43 243 CO99W329/BERKUT//PFAU/MILAN 67 0 0.00 35 244 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 56

245 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 47 246 QUAIU 67 0 0.00 56 247 PFAU/MILAN//TROST/3/PBW65/2*SERI.1B 68 0 0.00 57 248 NG8201/KAUZ/4/SHA7//PRL/VEE#6/3/FASAN/5/..... 65 0 0.00 54 249 FRET2*2/4/SNI/TRAP#1/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/5/.... 68 0 0.00 59 250 WBLL1*2/KURUKU//KRONSTAD F2004 66 10MR 3.16 54 251 WBLL1*2/KURUKU//KRONSTAD F2005 66 0 0.00 56 252 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/PBW343*2/.. 67 0 0.00 54

253 PBW343*2/KUKUNA//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343 71 80S 8.94 23 254 INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA//2*KRONSTAD F2004 72 90S 9.49 57 255 WHEAR/2*KRONSTAD F2OO4 75 0 0.00 35 256 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*2BLL1/3/2*KRONSTAD F2004 70 0 0.00 54 257 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*2BLL1/3/2*KRONSTAD F2005 68 90S 9.49 32 258 C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*2BLL1/3/2*KRONSTAD F2006 70 0 0.00 53

Mean 68.69 2.33 45.7 SD 3.763 3.37 11.3

CV(%) 5.48 144.52 24.6

Annex 4. Grain yield and agronomic traits of early maturity group maize genotypes under

front line demonstration at NMRP, Rampur in 2066 winter SN Varieties 50 %

tassel

50 %

Silking

Plant

height

Ear

height

total

plant count

Total

ear count

No.

of open husk

Plant

asect

Ear

aspect

Grain

yield (kg ha-1)

1 Across 9331 67 71 210 108 63 76 6 2.5 3 10794

2 Arun-2 / RML-8 62 66 200 110 63 78 7 3 3 10592

3 Upahar 69 72 230 130 72 92 6 2.5 2 10328 4 RML-55 /RML-40 69 74 198 107 61 105 7 2.5 2.5 9115

5 Khumal yellow 65 69 200 110 63 83 4 2 3 8932

Grand mean 61.07 64.6 207 103.6 63.93 77.4 4.6 2.633 2.733 8266

Annex 5. Grain yield and other agronomic traits of intermediate maturity group maize

genotypes in front line demonstration at NMRP, Rampur during 2066 winter SN Varieties 50 %

tassel 50 %

Silking Pant

height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

total plant count

Total ear

count

No.of open husk

Plant asect

Ear aspect

Grain yield (kg

ha-1)

1 Across 9942 / Across 9944

76 80 190 118 80 100 10 2 1.5 11810

2 Bioseed 76 80 172 92 76 100 7 2 2 11674

3 Shitala 79 83 200 105 82 108 12 2 2 11570

4 Bioseed 9681 70 74 150 80 71 69 5 1.5 3 11435 5 Rampur SO3 FO6 76 80 200 110 64 81 4 2 2 11365

Grand mean 75.26 79.105 183.9 100.8 65.421 79.632 6.105 2.079 2.342 10488

Annex 6. Grain yield and agronomic traits of full season maturity group maize genotypes in

front line demonstration at NMRP, Rampur during 2066 winter SN Varieties Days to

50 % tasseling

Days to 50 % Silking

Plant height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

total pl count

Total ear count

No. of open husk

Plant asect

Ear aspect

Grain yield (kg ha-

1)

1 RML-4 /NML-2 91 95 140 80 69 84 8 2* 2 12080

2 CP 666 82 85 150 81 71 93 3 1.5 1.5 11595

3 C-6485 80 84 220 116 60 78 0 2.5 2 11281

4 RL-111 / RL-189 86 90 154 80 65 85 7 1.5 1.5 10930

5 Poshilo Makai-1 85 88 210 105 75 94 10 2.5 2.5 10592

Grand mean 85.2 88.9 172 90.9 60.3 77.3 4.8 2.0 1.97 10277

Annex 7. Statement of expenditures at NMRP Rampur in FY 2066/67

ANNUAL +/- NET CODE BUDGET HEADING RELEASED TOTAL BALANCE

BUDGET BUDGET RECEIVED NO. BUDGET EXPENSES BUDGET

40 JK STAFF EXPENSES

8300000.00 280700.00 8580700.00 4000 Staff salary 8580700.00 8580680.72 19.28

750000.00 -4200.00 745800.00 4010 Allowance 745800.00 735909.00 9891.00

830000.00 0.00 830000.00 4020

Staff aditional

providend fund 830000.00 825432.77 4567.23

30000.00 0.00 30000.00 4040 Staff uniform 30000.00 30000.00 0.00

692000.00 3500.00 695500.00 4050 Staff Dashai expenses 695500.00 695403.00 97.00

125000.00 0.00 125000.00 4080 Insurance Fund 125000.00 122651.18 2348.82

10727000.00 280000.00 11007000.00 SUB TOTAL 11007000.00 10990076.67 16923.33

41 JK

OPERATIONAL

EXPENSES

490000.00 0.00 490000.00 4100 Travel allowance 490000.00 489478.00 522.00

228000.00 0.00 228000.00 4110

Vehicle fuel and

lubricants 228000.00 227958.07 41.93

2010000.00 0.00 2010000.00 4120 Wages to labour 2010000.00 2009930.00 70.00

75000.00 0.00 75000.00 4130

Lab. and research

supplies 75000.00 74999.67 0.33

1462000.00 0.00 1462000.00 4140 Farm supplies 1462000.00 1460539.85 1460.15

40000.00 0.00 40000.00 4150

Library and

publication cost 40000.00 39950.50 49.50

60000.00 0.00 60000.00 4160 Trainning and seminar 60000.00 59509.30 490.70

300000.00 0.00 300000.00 4180 Farm maintenance cost 300000.00 297904.55 2095.45

4665000.00 0.00 4665000.00 SUB TOTAL 4665000.00 4660269.94 4730.06

42 JK

ADMINISTRATIVE

EXPENSES

600000.00 0.00 600000.00 4200

Electricity, rent and

other 600000.00 598338.29 1661.71

75000.00 0.00 75000.00 4210

Communication

expenses 75000.00 73435.97 1564.03

700000.00 0.00 700000.00 4220

Repair and

maintanance 700000.00 699015.55 984.45

50000.00 0.00 50000.00 4230

Printing and stationary

supplies 50000.00 49368.55 631.45

30000.00 0.00 30000.00 4260 Contangency expenses 30000.00 29903.00 97.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 4280

Other Administrative

expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00

1455000.00 0.00 1455000.00 SUB TOTAL 1455000.00 1450061.36 4938.64

43 JK

CAPITAL

EXPENSES

0.00 0.00 0.00 4310 Land 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 4320 Building 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 4330 Furniture and fixtures 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 4340 Machinary and tools 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 4350 Vehicle 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 4360

Computer and

Software 0.00 0.00 0.00

25000.00 0.00 25000.00 4370 Other fixed assets 25000.00 25000.00 0.00

25000.00 0.00 25000.00 25000.00 25000.00 0.00

16872000.00 280000.00 17152000.00 TOTAL 17152000.00 17125407.97 26592.03

Annex 8. Statement of expenditure of HMRP funded project in FY 2066/67 CODE

NO. BUDGET HEADING ANNUAL RELEASED

ADD

RELES. TOTAL TOTAL BALANCE

BUDGET BUDGET BUDGET RELEASED EXPENSES BUDGET

41 JK OPERATIONAL EXP.

4100 TRAVEL EXPENSES 355000.00 355000.00 0.00 355000.00 307301.25 47698.75

4110 VEHICLE FUEL 175000.00 175000.00 50000.00 225000.00 193221.83 31778.17

4120 WAGES 516000.00 516000.00 0.00 516000.00 174425.00 341575.00

4130 LAB. & RESEARCH SUPPLIES 10000.00 10000.00 0.00 10000.00 10000.00 0.00

4140 FARM SUPPLIES 589000.00 589000.00 250591.53 839591.53 791877.96 47713.57

4150 BOOKS & PUBLICATION 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4160 TRAINING & SAMINAR 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4180 FARM MAINTENANCE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SUB TOTAL 1645000.00 1645000.00 300591.53 1945591.53 1476826.04 468765.49

42JK ADMIN. EXP.

4200 RENT/ELECTRICITY/TRANSPORT 35000.00 35000.00 0.00 35000.00 15800.00 19200.00

4210 COMMUNICATION 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4220 REPAIR & MAINTENANCE 190000.00 190000.00 231400.00 421400.00 420994.23 405.77

4230 OFFICE SUPPLIES 30000.00 30000.00 0.00 30000.00 30000.00 0.00

4240 BOARD & PANEL EXP. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4250 RECRUITMENT EXP. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4260 CONTINGENCY EXPENSES 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4270 OFFICE FURNISHING COST 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4280 OTHER ADMIN.EXP. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SUB TOTAL 255000.00 255000.00 231400.00 486400.00 466794.23 19605.77

TOTAL 1900000.00 1900000.00 531991.53 2431991.53 1943620.27 488371.26

Annex 9. Statement of revenue collection in FY 2066/67 ACCOUNT

CODE NO.

SOURCE OF

REVENUE

TRIMESTER TOTAL

REVENUE

COLLECTION I II III

5000 Research income from:- 64000.00

5010 Rice 0.00 0.00 10710.00 10710.00

5020 Wheat 0.00 0.00 3040.00 3040.00

5030 Maize 0.00 0.00 50250.00 50250.00

5099 Other crops 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5200 Production income from 3196115.00

5210 Rice 0.00 0.00 633255.00 633255.00

5220 Wheat 0.00 88000.00 8800.00 96800.00

5230 Maize 246060.00 696405.00 1523595.00 2466060.00

5299 Other crops 0.00

5500 Administrative income 234552.24

5520 Lease 8000.00 8000.00 59783.74 75783.74

5599 ADM income 12600.00 126168.50 20000.00 158768.50

5900 Other income 0.00

TOTAL 266660.00 918573.50 2309433.74 34,94,667.24

This revenue amount is transferred to Finance Division, NARC (Head Office)

Date :- 2067.4.10 Draft no :- C 638036 Draft amount :- 34,94,667.24

Annex 10. List of staffs with their designations and qualifications SN Name Qualification Group Level Discipline

1 Dr. Dil Bahadur Gurung Ph. D. Scientist S-4

National Maize

Coordinator, Plant

Breeding

2 Mr. Bishnu H. Adhikary M. Sc. Ag. Scientist S-4 Soil Science

3 Mr. Dilip Chandra Paudel M. Sc. Ag. Scientist S-4 Pathology

4 Mr. Pitambar Thakur M. Sc. Ag. Scientist S-4 Entomology

5 Mr. Ishwari Pd Upadhyay M.Sc. Postharvest

Engg Scientist S-3 Agricultural Engineering

6 Mr. Chitra B. Kunwar M. Sc. Ag. Scientist S-3 Agronomy

7 Mr. Tirtha Raj Rijal M. Sc. Ag. Scientist S-3 Pathology

8 Mr. Ghan Shyam Bhandari M. Sc. Ag Scientist S-1 Entomology

9 Mr. Jiban Shrestha M. Sc. Ag Scientist S-1 Plant Breeding

10 Mr. Balram Bhandari M. Sc. Ag

Scientist S-1 Agronomy

11 Mr. Babu Ram Regmi B.Sc. Ag Technician T-7 Agronomy

12 Mr. Min Raj Gautam I. Sc. Engg Technician T-7 Engineering

13 Mr. Krishna Pd. Dhital B.Sc. Ag Technician T-7 Agronomy

14 Mr. Gopal Sunar S.L.C Technician T-6 Agronomy

15 Mr. Jhalak B. Chhetri S.L.C. Technician T-6 Breeding

16 Mr. Govind Hamal B.Com. Technician T-6 Outreach

17 Mr. Ambika Aryal T.S.L.C. Technician T-6 Breeding

18 Mr. Hem Sharma I.A. Admin A-6 Admin

19 Mr. Binod C. Adhikari B.Com. Account A-6 Account

20 Mr. Chet Nath Lamichhane I. Com. Account A-6 Account

21 Mr. Janardan Khanal I. A. Admin A-5 Admin

22 Mr. Bhim B. Rana Literate Technician T-5 Workshop

23 Mr. Dil B. Gurung Literate Technician T-5 Workshop

24 Mr. Bhim B. Parajuli Literate Technician T-5 Workshop

25 Mr. Narendra Ghale Literate Driver Admin

26 Mr. Buddha B. Rana 9 class pass Driver Admin

27 Mr. Jhamlal Subedi Literate Technician T-4 Breeding

28 Mr. Ram K. Chaudhary Literate Technician T-4 Soil Science

29 Mr. Aash B. Tamang Literate Technician T-4 Workshop

30 Mr. Karna B. Adhikari Literate Technician T-4 Administration

31 Mr. Ram P. Neupane Literate Technician T-4 Breeding

32 Mr. Nanda Lal Dhakal Literate Technician T-4 Breeding

33 Mrs. Mira Shrestha T.S.L.C Technician T-4 Library

34 Mr. Ram Bd. Sarki Literate Technician LLT-

5 Security

35 Mr. Tirtha R. Bhattarai Test Pass Technician LLT-

5 Pathology

36 Mr. Him L. Bohara 8 Pass Technician LLT-

5 Soil

37 Mr. Ram P. Ghimire Literate Technician LLT-

5 Breeding

38 Mr. Parshuram Ghimire Literate Technician LLT-

5 Administration

39 Mr. Juddha B. Rai Literate Technician LLT-

5 Seed Store

40 Mr. Chitra B. Bagale Literate Technician LLT-

5 Security

41 Mr. Chhetra B. Paudel Literate Technician LLT-

5 Security

42 Mr. Hari B. Khadka Literate Technician LLT-5

Agronomy

43 Mr. Ganesh P. Ghimire Literate Technician LLT-4

Breeding

44 Mr. Bishnu P. Devkota Literate Technician LLT-

4 Outreach

45 Mr. Purna Bd. Tamang Literate Admin LLA-

3 Workshop

46 Mr. Arjun Bogati Literate Admin LLA-

3 Breeding

47 Mrs. Tara Ghimire Literate Technician LLT-

2 Administration

48 Mr. Krishna P. Dawadi Literate Technician LLT-

2 Workshop

Annex 11. Meterological records of NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from July

2000 to June 2010 (Monthly mean data) Month Average temperature

(0C)

Total

Rainf

all

(mm)

RH (%) Month Average temperature

(0C)

Total

Rainfall

(mm)

RH

(%)

Max Min Max Min

July (2000) 33.5 25.5 387.5 87.9 July (2001) 33.9 25.68 644.8 84.38

August 33.5 25.5 333.2 87.1 August 34.34 25.33 548.2 86.7

September 32.9 24.1 206.9 85.1 September 33 24.2 376.8 87.8

October 28.78 15.9 0 82.7 October 32.77 20.4 28.3 85.6

November 33.5 20.2 6.4 95.3 November 28 14.1 20.4 94.4

December 25.3 8.13 0 99.58 December 23.7 9.8 0 98.9

January (2001) 22.55 7.08 1.6 95.66 January

(2002)

23.87 8.38 31.9 98.3

February 27.23 9.88 18.6 93.9 February 27.4 10.9 28.3 94.6

March 32.95 12.33 0.8 70.9 March 41.7 14.5 45.6 80

April 36.6 18 67.4 50.73 April 34.31 19.8 57.7 71.9

May 34.6 23.19 247.9 74.8 May 33.9 23.1 391.9 80

June 34.24 22.4 386.3 84.96 June 35.2 24.7 600.9 78.2

Average 31.3 17.68 1656.

6

84.05 Average 31.84 18.41 2774.8 86.73

Month Average temperature

(0C)

Total

Rainf

all

(mm)

RH (%) Month Average temperature

(0C)

Total

Rainfall

(mm)

RH

(%)

Max Min Max Min

July (2002) 33.4 25.2 853.3 88.3 July (2003) 33.7 25.4 930 85.4

August 34.3 25.4 303.3 84.1 August 33.8 25.6 548.9 85.3

September 33.4 23.4 263.7 84.8 September 33.2 24.8 292.2 85

October 32.4 19.3 22.7 85.1 October 32.7 20.8 81.1 87.6

November 29.6 13.8 44.6 75.1 November 28.9 15.1 0 94.1

December 24.5 9.84 0 97.5 December 24.4 9.2 10.7 99.3

January (2003) 20.45 7.89 35.4 97 January

(2004)

21.3 9.09 62.7 98.3

February 25.9 10.5 59.4 98.36 February 27.7 10.3 0 97.9

March 29.81 14.2 62 85.1 March 33.2 15.7 0 82

April 34.8 19.7 101 51.1 April 33.4 20.2 180.2 75.3

May 35.5 21.3 99.9 66.2 May 34.8 22.6 111.4 75.1

June 34.2 24.5 473.2 86.4 June 33.5 23.6 472.5 77.3

Average 30.69 17.92 2318.

5

83.26 Average 30.88 18.53 2689.7 86.88

Months Average temperature

(0C)

Total

Rainf

all

(mm)

RH

(%)


(0C)

Total

Rainfall

(mm)

RH

(%)

Max Min Max Min

July (2004) 32.99 25.26 481 88.5 July (2005) 33.09 25.48 349 86.5

August 34.45 25.89 214 85.4 August 32.99 27.29 671 85.5

September 33.41 24.46 418 87.5 September 34.48 28.26 149 84.6

October 31.46 19.14 75.7 85.6 October 31.5 24.05 248 87.6

November 28.16 12.98 13.9 93.3 November 28.12 17.55 0 94.2

December 24.9 9.72 0 99 December 25.4 12.17 0 100

January (2005) 23.19 9.11 38.1 98.7 January

(2006)

23 8.04 0 99.4


March 32.26 15.28 38.8 75.8 March 32.43 12.8 3 74.6

April 36.52 17.44 22.7 65.5 April 34.83 18.59 125.9 66.4

May 35.62 21.55 134 68.1 May 35.08 23.2 279.7 76.4

June 37.31 25.05 140 71.7 June 34.65 24.86 387.1 79.3

Average 31.35 18.04 1582.

6

84.37 Average 31.18 19.69 2213.7 86.06


(0C)

Total

Rainf

all

(mm)

RH (%) Months Average temperature

(0C)

Total

Rainfall

(mm)

RH

(%)

Max Min Max Min

July (2006) 34.31 26.22 352.3 83.97 July (2007) 32.5 25.5 497.2 87.9

August 34.7 25.5 405.4 80.2 August 33.9 28.2 427.4 85.9

September 33.4 24.08 362 85.5 September 32.5 24.38 926.7 89.3

October 32.9 19.9 60.6 83.5 October 32.3 21.4 120.2 89.5

November 28.5 14.6 2.1 95.1 November 29.7 13.8 4.6 92.2

December 24.3 10.76 19 100 December 24.4 8.9 0 99.6

January (2007) 22.3 7.8 0 99.6 January

(2008)

22.3 8.48 17.1 74.91

February 24.4 11.7 80.3 96.9 February 24.3 7.64 1.7 96.24

March 30.1 13.4 47.6 86.2 March 31.4 14.71 33.8 81.65

April 35.4 19.81 100.9 69.5 April 35.8 18.88 40.4 62.2

May 36.4 23.2 131 72.8 May 35.5 22.3 118.9 68.3

June 34.7 24.8 406.7 80.3 June 33.3 25.1 378.6 83.5

Average 30.95 18.48 1967.

9

86.13 Average 30.66 18.27 2566.6 84.27


(0C)

Total

Rainf

all

(mm)

RH (%) Months Average temperature

(0C)

Total

Rainfall

(mm)

RH

(%)

Max Min Max Min

July (2008) 33.2 25.7 431.4 87.4 July (2009) 33.5 29.7 455 83

August 32.5 25.5 458.1 87.7 August 33.5 29.7 753 96

September 33.1 24.3 218.7 86.8 September 32.8 29 126 90

October 31.4 19.7 87.3 89.4 October 31.4 26.5 101 97

November 28.2 13.7 0 94.7 November 27.1 21.6 0 99

December 23.9 12.1 0 97.5 December 24 16 2.2 99

January (2009) 23.4 10 0 98.6 January

(2010)

20 10.3 0 94.6


March 32.5 13.3 0.25 71.6 March 33.1 19.1 0 82.2

April 37.4 19.2 7.3 57.5 April 38.1 23.3 165 75.4

May 35.4 22.5 274.2 72.3 May 35.2 25.4 193 77.5

June 35.1 24.9 179.2 81.1 June 35.4 26.9 372 78.7

Average 31.16 18.43 1656.

55

84.84 Average 30.79 22.45 2167.2 88.49

Annex 12. List of Publications of NMRP

A. Articles in Proceedings

Achami B.B., P. Thakur and P. Gautam. 2010. Relative Susceptibility of Maize Genotypes to Maize Stem Borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe). In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya,

H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26th National Summer

Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize Research Program,

Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Adhikary B. H., B. R. Baral and B. R. Pandey. 2010. Nitrogen and Maize Plant DeNSities. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program

and Abstract of 26th

National Summer Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at

National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Adhikary B. H., B. R. Baral and B. R. Pandey. 2010. Use of Sulphur and Agricultural Lime for Enhanced Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity in Acid Soils of Rampur, Chitwan.

In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program




Adhikary B. H., J. Gaire, B. R. Baral, S. R. Upadhyay and B. R. Pandey. 2010. Enhancing Maize Productivity Through the Use of Manures and Fertilizers on the Grain Yield

of Different Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes under Acidic Condition. In: Adhikari,

N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26

th National Summer Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize

Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Basnet R. and N. Tripathi. 2010. Variation among the Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from

Six Different Locations of Mid Hills of Nepal. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya,

H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26th National Summer



Basnet R. and N. Tripathi. 2010. Screening of Maize Inbred in Artificial Inoculum

Condition against the Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Disease. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds). Program and Abstract of 26

th

National Summer Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize

Research Program , Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Gurung D. B., B. R. Pandey, S.R. Upahyaya, B. Pokhrel and J. Subedi. 2010. Heterosis of

Promising Maize Hybrids Developed for Terai Commercial Enviroments of Nepal. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program




Gurung D.B., S.R. Upadhyay, C. B. Kunwar, B. R. Pandey and J. Subedi. 2010. Hybrid Maize Research: An Initiative for Meeting The Demand of Hybrid Maize Seeds in

Nepal. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada

(eds).Program and Abstract of 26th National Summer Crops Workshop, held March

03-05, 2010, at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Gurung D.B., S.R. Upadhyaya and B.R. Pandey. 2010. Development of Non-Conventional Maize Hybrids: An Option for Increasing Production and Productivity of Maize in

Mid Hills of Nepal. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P.

Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26th National Summer Crops Workshop,

held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan,

Nepal.

Gurung D.B. 2010. Determination of Heterotic Groups in Nepalese Maize Inbred Lines. In:

Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and

Abstract of 26th National Summer Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at


Kunwar C. B. 2010. Evaluation of Testing of Different Crosses of Inbred Lines for Hybrid Maize Development. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P.



Nepal.

Kunwar C. B. 2010. A Review on Maize Agronomy and Soil Fertility Research at NMRP

Rampur, Chitwan. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P.



Nepal.

Kunwar C. B. 2010. Maize Varietal Improvement for Terai, Inner Terai and Foot Hill Valleys of Nepal. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada



Kunwar C. B. 2010. Research on Early and Extra Early Maturing Maize Varieties for Terai, Inner Terai and Hills of Nepal (2006-2009). In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P.

Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26th

National Summer

Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Pandey B.R., S.K. Kim and D.B. Gurung. 2010. Genetic Analysis of Elite Exotic and

Nepalese Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26

th National Summer



Paudel D.C., N. Tripathi, T. R. Rijal and R. Basnet. 2010. Performance of Maize Varieties Screened for Northern Leaf Blight Disease Resistance 2007 and 2008. In: Adhikari,

N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of

26th National Summer Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize


Pokhrel B.B., C. B. Kunwar, S. R. Upadhyay, D.B. Gurung, J.B. Chhetri, R.Dhakal, S.P.

Shrestha, S.B. B.K., S. Thapa, C.L. Chaudhary, R.B. Katuwal, K.P. Bhurtel, U. Sah,

S. Budhathoki and G.B. Pun. 2010. Development of Open Pollinated Early Maize Genotypes for Hills and Terai Enviroments. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P.

Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26th

National Summer

Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Thakur P. 2010. Investigation on the Mannagement of Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata

lugeNS Stal) through Cultural Practices in Rice. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26

th National Summer



Upadhyay I. P., M.R. Gautam and B. Pokharel. 2010. Evaluation of some Resource Conserving Technologies for Maize in Chitwan Condition. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K.

Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26th

National Summer Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Upadhyay I. P., M.R. Gautam and B.B. Pokharel. 2010. Direct Seeded Rice: An Economical

Altternative Method for Rice Crop Establishment. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26

th

National Summer Crops Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize


Upadhyay S. R., D.C. Paudel, D.B. Gurung and R. K. Rajak. 2010. Improvement of QPM

(Quality Protein Maize) varieties for Food and Feed Security and Better Livelihoods in Terai and Inner Terai of Nepal. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and

S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26th National Summer Crops

Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize Research Program, Rampur,

Chitwan, Nepal.

Upadhyay S. R., K.B. Koirala, D.C. Paudel, D.B. Gurung, T.R.Rijal, R.B. Katuwal, R.C.

Prasad, R.Dhakal, B. B. Pokhrel and S.P. Budhathoki. 2010. Improvement of QPM

(Quality Protein Maize) varieties for Food Security and Better Livelihoods for People of Nepal. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb and S.P. Khatiwada



Upadhyay S. R., K.B. Koirala, D.C. Paudel, D.B. Gurung, T.R. Tiwari, T.R.Rijal, R.B. Katuwal, R.C. Prasad, R.Dhakal, S.N. Sah, S.P. Budhathoki and C. B. Kunwar.

2010. Improvement of Full Season Maize Varieties for Food Security and Better

Livelihoods of Hill Farmers in Nepal. In: Adhikari, N. P., U.K. Acharya, H.P. Bimb

and S.P. Khatiwada (eds).Program and Abstract of 26th National Summer Crops

Workshop, held March 03-05, 2010, at National Maize Research Program, Rampur,

Chitwan, Nepal.

B. Articles in Journals

Adhikary B.H. and B. R. Pandey. 2009. Enhancing Maize Productivity through the Use of Split application of Phosphorus and Potassium in the Acid Soils of Rampur,

Chitwan. J. INSt. Agri. Ani. Sci. (30):57-62

Adhikary B.H., B. R. Pandey and Y. G. Khadka. 2010. Fertilizer Use and Maize Genotypes.

Department of Plant Breeding, IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan. J.Plant Breeding (5):34-41.

Gurung D. B. 2010. Heterosis and yield potentialities of promising maize hybrids suitable for Terai and inner Terai environments of Nepal. Agronomy Journal of Nepal,

(Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010. Agronomy Society of Nepal, Agronomy Division,

Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. Pp. 67-73.

Gurung D. B., M. C. George and Q. D. Delacruz. 2009. Determination of Heterotic Groups

in Nepalese Yellow Maize Populations. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol.10 (2009). Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal. Pp.

1-8

Gurung D. B., M. C. George and Q. D. Delacruz. 2010. Analysis of Genetic Diversity within

Nepalese Maize Populations using SSR Markers. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol.11 (2010). Nepal Academy of Science and Technology,

Kathmandu, Nepal. Pp. 1-8

Upadhyay S. R., D. B. Gurung, D.C. Paudel, K. B. Koirala, S. N. Sah, R. C. Prasad, B. B.

Pokhrel and R. Dhakal. 2009. Evaluation of Quality Protein Maize (QPM)

Genotypes under Rainfed mid Hill Enviroments of Nepal. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol.10 (2009). Nepal Academy of Science and Technology,

Kathmandu, Nepal. Pp. 9-19

C. Articles in Book

Gurung D. B. 2010. Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Maize Production Technique: A Solution

to Nutrition and Food Security of Farmers of Mid Hills of Nepal. Packaging of

Improved Agriculture Techniques (Unnat Krishi Prabidhi Packaging, (Nepali)

2066/67. MOAC, Agricultural Department, Agricultural Extension Directorate,

Harihar Bhawan, Lalitpur, Nepal. Pp. 35-49

Some facts about maize

Maize needs 450 to 600 mm of water per season which is mainly acquired

from the soil moisture reserves. At maturity, each plant will have consumed

250 litre of water. The total leaf area at maturity may exceed one square

metre per plant.

At maturity the total nutrient uptake of a single maize plant is 8.7 g of

nitrogen, 5.1 g of phosphorus, and 4.0 g of potassium. Each ton of grain

produced removes 15.0 to 18.0 kg of nitrogen, 2.5 to 3.0 kg of phosphorus

and 3.0 to 4.0 kg of potassium from the soil.

The number of kernel rows may vary between 4 and 40, depending on the

variety. Up to 1000 kernels may be produced by a single plant.

In spite of only one pollen grain being required to produce one kernel, each

tassel produces some 25 000 000 pollen grains, i. e. 25 000 grains for each

kernel. As a result, up to 40 % of the tassels in a planting may be lost without

affecting pollination.

It can produce from 80 to 100 tons/ha green material and 16 to 21 tons/ha of

dry material within a relatively short period (100 to 120 days).

Maize is a warm weather crop and is not grown in areas where the mean

daily temperature is less than 19 ºC or where the mean of the summer months

is less than 23 ºC.

nmrp annual report 2009-10

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