March 12, 2018

Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir

Jewish Funders Network

Deputy Chair, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs

Data is only half the story…

and sometimes it’s the wrong story.

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4.0%11.2% 14.2% 17.8% 22.0%

32.1%16.0%

20.8%21.2%

21.4%21.0%

19.2%

80.0%68.0% 64.5% 60.7% 57.1%

48.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1980 2015 2025 2035 2045 2065

Population distribution and forecast

Haredim Arabs Non-haredi Jews and others

Source: analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ data, 1980;For the years 2015-2065 – “Israel’s Population as of 2017 and Scenarios for Future Population Growth,” Presentation, Dr. Ahmad Hleihel, Central Bureau of Statistics. 3

Source: The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs Data: Labor Force Survey of the Central Bureau of Statistics, 2015.

Population distribution by age

20% 18% 15% 12% 9% 11% 9% 7% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2%

60%58%

56%57% 64%

69% 72% 73% 76% 82% 85% 88% 86% 91%

20%24%

29% 31%27%

20% 19% 20% 19%14% 11% 9% 11%

7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+

Haredim Non-haredi Jews and others Arabs

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How does haredi employment compare with non-haredi employment?

Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, “Integration of Diverse Populations in Employment,” The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs , 2017. Data: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2017.

37.1%

49.5%51.7%

73.4%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Men Women

Employment Rate – Haredim Working age (25-64)

2004 2017

2020 Target:63%

87.8%82.1%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Men Women

Employment Rate – Non-Haredi Jews, 2017

Working age (25-64)

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Typical Characteristics of Haredi Society

• Education system focused on identity formation, not job-market preparedness;

• Torah study ideal among haredi men, women are oftentimes the main breadwinner;

• Large families (Total Fertility Rate among haredi women – 6.91, vs. 2.65among non-haredi Jewish women).1

• Preference for segregated lifestyle (residential, work place, etc.)

1Source: Ahmed Hleihel, “Fertility Among Jewish Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2014.” Central Bureau of Statistics’ Working Paper Series , No. 101 6

Haredi Women’s Employment

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Haredi women work fewer hours

Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, Shlomit Shahino-Kesler and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, “Haredi Women’s Underemployment", Haredi Institute for Public Affairs, 2018 (forthcoming).Data: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 20151 Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, “Haredi Women’s Employment and Poverty in the Haredi Community,” Haredi Institute for Public Affairs , 2018 (forthcoming).

A large proportion of haredi women working part time

are involuntary part-time workers – one out of four.1

35.1

28.2

Number of hours worked per week

Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women

20%-

20.5%

35.5%

Non-Haredi Jewishwomen

Haredi women

Part-time employment (out of overall employment)

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Haredi women earn less

Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Household Expenditure Survey, 2016.

₪9,226

₪6,718

Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women

Average income from salaried work – women2016(25-64),

- 27%

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₪58

₪55

Non-Haredi Jewish womenHaredi women

- 7%

Average hourly wage from salaried work – womenWorking age (25-64), 2016

Haredi women employed mainly in education

19%

44%

Education

Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women

Women employed in education

Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64.

Education, 44%

Health, welfare and

social services, 19%

Wholesale and retail; car mechanics , 6%

Professional, scientific and

technical services, 5%

IT and communications, 4%

Financial services and

insurance, 3%

Industry and manufacturing, 2%

Local authorities, public administration

and security, 2% Other industries,

13%

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Sectoral employment distribution – women

Challenges in haredi women’s employment

• Limited fields of vocational training;

• Training for low-income jobs, and not in fields relevant to the Israeli job market;

• Shortage of jobs in the relevant fields in which haredi women are trained;

• Reluctance to pursue academic studies.

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So where do we go from here?Steps the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs is taking

• Mapping current and future trends in the job market;

• Working with school principals to adapt curricula and career training to meet market demands and to implement curricula already in high school, for optimum post-high school professional training;

• Working with the Ministry of Health to develop career options in healthcare services and paramedical professions;

• Working hand in hand with rabbinic and communal leadership.

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Haredi Men’s Employment

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Haredi men work fewer hours

Source: The Haredi Institute for Public AffairsData: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 2015 , ages 25-64.

43.5

34.7

Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men

20%-

6.4%

24.7%

Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men

Part-time employment (out of overall employment)

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Number of hours worked per week

Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Household Expenditure Survey, 2016, for employees aged 25-64 (self-defined as haredim).

Haredi men earn less

14,814

8,128

Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men

- 45%

Average income from salaried work – men

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Haredi men employed mainly in education

5%

30%

Education

Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men

Men employed in education

Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64.

Education, 30%

Wholesale and retail; car

mechanics , 15%

Industry and manufacturing, 10%

Other services, 7%

Health, welfare and social services, 6%

Professional, scientific and technical services,

4%

Transportation, storage, postal

and courier services, 4%

Construction, 4%

Management and support services, 3%

Local authorities, public administration

and security, 3%

IT and communications, 3%

Other industries, 11%

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Sectoral employment distribution – men

Challenges in haredi men’s employment

• The education system focuses solely on Torah studies;

• Torah study is the preferred choice among most men, with studies typically continuing till age 23-24, if not longer;

• Most of the men joining the workforce are married with children;

• Cultural and social gaps that hamper their integration.

• Advantages to Hiring Haredi Men • High level of learning capabilities• Married men/fathers are committed to their job and employer.

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➢Mapping out the demand in the hi-tech job market• No need for formal (academic) education

• Opportunity to tap into the latent haredi human capital

➢Integration into the civil service• Largest employer in the economy

• Instituting standards that will enable recruitment of suitable candidates from the haredi community

➢Tax reforms• Enabling men who are working to maximize child tax credits (beneficial for all sectors of society).

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So where do we go from here?Steps being taken/recommended by the Haredi Institute of Public Affairs

Vision without action is a daydream; action without vision is a nightmare.

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nitsa@machon.org.il

Thank you for your time

Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir