NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND

SAFETY STANDARDS

PRESENTATION TO THE NARUC GROUP

BY

ENGR. BOLA ODUBIYICOMMISISIONER – ENGINEERING, STANDARDS & SAFETY

NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION

OVERVIEW

• THE NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS CREATED UNDER THIS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM REPRESENTS A TECHNICAL REFERENCE DOCUMENT WITH BOTH GENERAL AND INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC EXAMPLES AND GUIDELINES OF GOOD INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY PRACTICE (GIIP).

• THE INDUSTRY GUIDELINES ARE DESIGNED TO BE USED TO ADDRESS COMMON SAFETY ISSUES SPECIFIC TO THE INDUSTRY SECTOR.

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STATUS

• BASELINE SAFETY STATISTICS DO NOT YET EXIST

• INDUSTRY SECTOR STATISTICS ARE BEING COMPILED BY NERC– BUT THE GENERAL BELIEF IS THAT THEY ARE POOR

Month

2007 Reporting

Interrupted Service Hours

No. Incidents Reported No. FatalitiesYes No % Response

June 9 16 36.0 77 11 2

July 12 13 48.0 734 16 8

August 2 23 8.0 0 2 2

Total 23 52 30.7 811 29 12

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SOME STATISTICS FROM THE U.S.

• NEARLY 50 WORKERS ARE INJURED EVERY MINUTE OF THE WORK WEEK

• 17 WORKERS DIE ON-THE-JOB EACH DAY

• WORKPLACE INJURIES COST SOCIETY $128 BILLION IN LOSSES PER YEAR– EQUALS ONE-QUARTER OF EACH DOLLAR OF

PRETAX CORPORATE PROFITS

• INDIRECT COSTS OF INJURIES MAY BE 20 TIMES THE DIRECT COSTS

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INDIRECT COSTS INCLUDE

• TRAINING AND COMPENSATING REPLACEMENT WORKERS;

• REPAIRING DAMAGED PROPERTY;

• ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS;

• SCHEDULING DELAYS AND LOST PRODUCTIVITY;

• ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES;

• LOW EMPLOYEE MORALE AND INCREASED ABSENTEEISMS;

• POOR CUSTOMER AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS

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OSHA'S OFFICE OF REGULATORY ANALYSIS HAS STATED

• …our evidence suggests that companies that implement effective safety and health programs can expect reductions of 20% or greater in their injury and illness rates and a return of $4 to $6 for every $1 invested...

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FORBES MAGAZINE (2001) REPORTED

• THERE IS A DIRECT CORRELATION BETWEEN A COMPANY'S PERFORMANCE IN SAFETY AND ITS SUBSEQUENT PERFORMANCE IN PRODUCTIVITY AND FINANCIAL RESULTS.

• THEY POINTED OUT THAT THE TOP TEN FINANCIALLY RANKED U.S. BUSINESSES HAD THE HIGHEST RATED OSHA SAFETY PROGRAMS

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STATUS IN NIGERIA

• CURRENT STANDARDS DATE BACK TO THE 1980s

• EXISTING STANDARDS DO NOT EXIST AS CODES

• STANDARDS UNEVENLY APPLIED

• MANY FACILITIES HAVE NO FORMAL SAFETY PROGRAMS

• CORPORATE POLICY TOWARDS SAFETY DOES NOT EXIST

• ENFORCEMENT IS LACKING

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NERC NEEDS TO DEFINE AND APPLY METRICS TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS OVER TIME

U.S

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NERC NEEDS TO FOCUS ON

• DEVELOPING PROTOCOLS AND PROCEDURES FOR INSPECTIONS

• ENFORCE SELF REPORTING

• ESTABLISH GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE AS LAW– DEFINE THE RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES– MAKE FIRST LINE SUPERVISORS LEGALLY RESPONSIBLE

• CODIFY THE DRAFT STANDARDS CREATED

• ESTABLISH ITSELF AS A RESOURCE TO INDUSTRY INITIALLY BUT THEN ENFORCE AGGRESSIVELY

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POTENTIAL COUNTRY IMPACTS

• DIRECT

• DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS

• INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY

• MARKET-ORIENTED REFORM

• HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING

• TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT

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DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS ARE WELL KNOWN FROM OTHER COUNTRIES

• GOOD INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY PRACTICE (GIIP) IS A STRATEGIC PART OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY

• SAFER WORK ENVIRONMENTS LEADS TO – IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY– ASSET PROTECTION– HIGHER PROFITS

• EVERY $1 INVESTMENT INTO SAFETY HAS $4-6 RETURN

– FACILITATION OF MORE RELIABLE POWER PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION

– HIGH LEVELS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT– IMPROVED MARKET CONDITIONS – GREATER INVESTOR CONFIDENCE

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POTENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY IMPACTS

• LIFE AND PRODUCTIVITY– INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS LEAD TO LOSS OF LIFE AND

PRODUCTIVITY, CAUSE DOWN-TIME OF PROCESSES AND DAMAGE INFRASTRUCTURE.

• PUBLIC RELATIONS– PUBLIC REACTION TO ACCIDENTS OR OUTFALLS FROM

INCIDENTS CAN BE A SERIOUS PROBLEM.

• INVESTMENTS AND PARTNERS– ADVERSE PUBLICITY AND POOR PRODUCTIVITY REDUCES THE

ATTRACTIVENESS FOR INVESTORS AND PARTNERS.

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POTENTIAL MARKET-ORIENTED REFORM IMPACTS

• WORKER-ORIENTED MARKET-DRIVEN IS BASED ON A COOPERATIVE, COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH.

• IT IS GOOD PRACTICE TO MANAGE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACTIVELY, TO INVOLVE WORKERS, TO STAY AHEAD OF GOVERNMENT STANDARDS, AND TO USE THE MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY AND HEALTH TO CREATE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES.

• IN OTHER COUNTRIES EMPLOYERS HAVE ACCOMPLISHED REMARKABLE REDUCTIONS IN THEIR WORKER'S COMPENSATION COSTS BY ADOPTING THAT PRACTICE.

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POTENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY IMPACTS

• ADOPTION OF GIIP THROUGH THE HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS STRENGTHENED BY ENFORCEMENT AND WORKER TRAINING WILL REDUCE ACCIDENTS.

– THIS IN TURN WILL REDUCE RISKS TO EXISTING AND NEWLY PLANNED INFRASTRUCTURE, AS WELL AS AID IN SUSTAINABILITY.

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POTENTIAL HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING IMPACTS

• RISKS MITIGATION

• TRAINING AND OUTREACH

• INFORMATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

• INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT COMBINE ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION AND SECURITY

• RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

• CONSULTING BOTH FROM THE NERC WORKFORCE AND GRASS ROOTS PRIVATE SECTOR

• FINANCIAL EXPERTISE ON COST-BENEFIT, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY

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NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS MANUAL

Available in both hardcopy and electronic format

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HOW THE STANDARDS ARE ORGANIZED

• EXTENSIVE PUBLICATION CONTAINING BOTH– GENERAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS– POWER SECTOR SPECIFIC TECHNICAL GUIDELINES,

STANDARDS AND GIIP• A DOCUMENT COVERING MORE THAN 800 PAGES OF GIIP

• AS A TOOL TO BE USED– ELECTRONICALLY– AS A DESK REFERENCE– CAPABLE OF BEING PLACED ON A SERVER AND ACCESSED

THROUGH THE NERC WEBSITE

• AS A LIVING DOCUMENT– FORMAL DOCUMENT RETENTION PROTOCOLS AND

PROCEDURES

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RECOMMENDED NEXT STEPS

• INITIALLY PROMOTE VOLUNTARY ADOPTION THROUGH– OUTREACH– TRAIN THE TRAINER

• BEGIN TRANSFORMING STANDARDS INTO LEGAL CODES

• FOLLOW U.S. NIOSH/OSHA MODEL ON PATH TO REGULATIONS– CONDUCT BASELINE SAFETY AUDITS– PROVIDE INDUSTRY WITH SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS AND

CORRECTOVE ACTIONS– ETSABLISH TIMELINES FOR COMPLIANCE

• ETSABLISH ENFORCEMENT DIVISION– CHECK STATUS OF INITIAL VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE

• IMPOSE NOTICES OF VIOLATIONS (NOVs)• CITATIONS• FINES, PENEALTIES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. How to Evaluate Safety Programs1(a) Introduction1(b) Creating a Culture of Safety1(c) Good Housekeeping1(d) New Employee Orientation1(e) Worker Rights

Part II. Safety and Best Industry Practices

Sec 2(a) Air Quality Testing and Monitoring2(a)(1) Introduction2(a)(2) Methods of Sampling and Testing2(a)(3) Samplers and Monitors2(a)(4) Batteries2(a)(5) Adverse Conditions2(a)(6) Appendix - Instrument Chart2(a)(7) Bibliography

Sec 2(b) Noise Testing and Monitoring 2(b)(1) Introduction2(b)(2) Noise Monitors and Meters2(b)(3) Occupational Noise Exposure Standard2(b)(5) Bibliography

Sec 2(c) Radiation Monitors and Meters2(c)(1) Introduction2(c)(2) Light2(c)(3) Ionizing Radiation2(c)(4) Nonionizing Radiation2(c)(5) Survey Meters for Radiation Detection2(c)(6) Pocket Dosimeters2(c)(7) Audible Alarm Rate Meters and Digital Electronic Dosimeters2(c)(8) Film Badges2(c)(9) Thermoluminescent Dosimeters2(c)(10) Annex – Guide to Meter Selection and Applications2(c)(11) Bibliography

Sec 2(d) Electrical/Electronics Testing Meters

2(d)(1) Introduction2(d)(2) Electronic Test Equipment Types2(d)(3) General Information on Safe Use

Sec 2(e) Safe Chemical Handling2(e)(1) Introduction2(e)(2) Reference Standards2(e)(3) Safe Chemical Exposure Tables

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED

Sec 2(h) First Aid and Resuscitation (cont.)

2(h)(4) Periodic Program Updates2(h)(5) First Aiders2(h)(6) First Aid Training and Certification2(h)(7) First Aid for Electric Shock2(h)(8) Skills Update2(h)(9) First aid Supplies2(h)(10) Bibliography

Sec 2(i) Fire Protection, Evacuation, First Responder and Emergency Planning

2(i)(1) Flammability Properties2(i)(2) Ignition Temperature2(i)(3) Flammability Limits2(i)(4) Vapor Density2(i)(5) Specific Gravity2(i)(6) Water Solubility2(i)(7) Responding to Fires2(i)(8) Fire Fighting Agents2(i)(9) Electrical Fire Prevention2(i)(10) Firefighting Guidance2(i)(11) Specialized Rescue Procedures2(i)(12) First Responder to Electrical Fire

Incidents2(i)(13) Evacuation Planning2(i)(14) Bibliography

Sec 2(f) Job Hazards Analysis Assessment2(f)(1) Introduction2(f)(2) Responsibility and Tailgate Meetings2(f)(3) Hazards Assessment2(f)(4) Hazard Assessment and PPE Checklists2(f)(5) Bibliography

Sec 2(g) Personal Protection Equipment2(g)(1) Introduction2(g)(2) General Provisions2(g)(3) Requirements of a PPE Program2(g)(4) Guidelines for PPE Selection2(g)(5) Worker Training2(g)(6) Eye and Face Protection2(g)(7) Head Protection2(g)(8) Foot and Leg Protection2(g)(9) Hand and Arm Protection2(g)(10) Protective Equipment for the Body2(g)(11) Hearing Protection2(g)(12) Respiratory Protection2(g)(13) Bibliography

Sec 2(h) First Aid and Resuscitation2(h)(1) Introduction2(h)(2) First Aid Assessments2(h)(3) Elements of a First Aid Training Program

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED

Sec 2(k) Hand Tool and Workshop Machines (cont.)

2(k)(11) Hydraulic Power Tools2(k)(12) General Requirements of Safety in

Workshops Policy2(k)(13) Machinery Installation2(k)(14) Machine Controls2(k)(15) Machine Guards2(k)(16) Service Installations2(k)(17) Grinding and Polishing Machines2(k)(18) Milling Machines2(k)(19) Metal-Cutting Guillotines2(k)(20) General Considerations2(k)(21) Solvent Degreasing2(k)(22) Bibliography

Sec 2(j) Electric Shock and Lockout/Tagout2(j)(1) Introduction2(j)(2) Fuses2(j)(3) GFCIs2(j)(4) Electrical Shock2(j)(5) Feedback Electrical Energy2(j)(6) Universal Precautions2(j)(7) Training Programs2(j)(8) Protective Equipment and Work Practices2(j)(9) Detection of Low Voltage2(j)(10) Lockout/Tagout2(j)(11) Lockout Devices2(j)(12) Specific Procedures for Logout/Tagout2(j)(13) Bibliography

Sec 2(k) Hand Tool and Workshop Machines2(k)(1) Introduction2(k)(2) What Are the Hazards of Hand Tools?2(k)(3) What Are the Dangers of Power Tools?2(k)(4) Guards2(k)(5) Operating Controls and Switches2(k)(6) Electric Tools2(k)(7) Portable Abrasive Wheel Tools2(k)(8) Pneumatic Tools2(k)(9) Liquid Fuel Tools2(k)(10) Powder-Actuated Tools

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED

Sec 2(m) Electrical Safe Work Practices Plan2(m)(1) Introduction2(m)(2) Training2(m)(3) Qualified Person2(m)(4) Safe Work Practices2(m)(5) Bibliography

Sec 2(n) Electrical Equipment2(n)(1) Introduction2(n)(2) Electrical Safety Facts2(n)(3) Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment2(n)(4) Use of Equipment2(n)(5) Test Equipment2(n)(6) Bibliography

Sec 2(o) Ladder Safety2(o)(1) Introduction2(o)(2) General Requirements2(o)(3) Ladder Hazards/Prevention Tips 2(o)(4) Ladder Selection2(o)(5) Ladder Maintenance2(o)(6) Ladder Inspections2(o)(7) Bibliography

Sec 2(l) Lineman General Safety Practices2(l)(1) Introduction2(l)(2) Scope2(l)(3) Shock Hazard Analysis2(l)(4) Regulatory Issues2(l)(5) Standard Requirements2(l)(6) Test Equipment Industry Recognized Good Practices2(l)(7) Flash Hazard Analysis2(l)(8) Blast Hazard Analysis2(l)(9) Selection of Electrical Protective Equipment2(l)(10) Exterior Safety Rules2(l)(11) Exterior Working Practices2(l)(12) Electrical Safety Rules2(l)(13) Transformers and Circuit Breakers2(l)(14) Wire Markers2(l)(15) Adequacy and Effectiveness of the Training Program2(l)(16) Bibliography

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED

Sec 2(s) Safe Work Practices Near Power Lines2(s)(1) Introduction2(s)(2) Plan Ahead2(s)(3) Safe Work Practices2(s)(4) Bibliography

Sec 2(t) Functional Safety for Electric PowerTransmission

2(t)(1) Introduction2(t)(2) Structure of Electric Power Systems2(t)(3) Hazards in Electric Power Systems2(t)(3) Assuring Functional Safety2(t)(4) Recommended References

Sec 2(u) Excavations and Trenching2(u)(1) Introduction2(u)(2) Recommended Practices2(u)(3) Safety Guidelines2(u)(4) Excavation and Trenching Safety Program2(u)(5) Requirements for Protective Systems2(u)(6) Definitions2(u)(7) Bibliography

Sec 2(p) Forklift Safety2(p)(1) Introduction2(p)(2) Pre-Qualifications for Forklift Operators2(p)(3) Safe Operating Procedures2(p)(4) Changing and Charging Storage Batteries2(p)(5) Operations2(p)(6) Traveling2(p)(7) Loading2(p)(8) Fueling2(p)(9) Maintenance2(p)(10) Training2(p)(11) Refresher Training and Evaluation2(p)(12) Bibliography

Sec 2(q) Crane Operation Safety2(q)(1) Lifting Principles2(q)(2) Operational Considerations2(q)(3) Construction Requirements2(q)(4) Inspection Guidelines2(q)(5) Glossary of Useful Terms2(q)(6) Bibliography

Sec 2(r) Scaffolds and Other Work Platforms2(r)(1) Introduction2(r)(2) Scaffold Safety2(r)(3) Bibliography

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUEDSec 2(y) Safe Welding Practices2(y)(1) Identifying Safe Welding Practices2(y)(2) Definitions2(y)(3) General Provisions2(y)(4) Inspections2(y)(5) Ventilation Guidelines for Welding

Operations2(y)(6) Bibliography

Part III. Worker Safety Rules

3(a) Critical Incident Stress3(b) Toxic Industrial Chemicals3(c) Electrical Protective Devices3(d) Hand Protection3(e) Hazard Assessment and Personal Protective

Equipment Selection3(f) Sanitation3(g) Safety Color Code for Marking Physical

Hazards3(h) Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs

and Tags3(i) Permits for Confined Spaces3(j) Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)3(k) Medical Services and First Aid III-503(l) Fire Protection3(m) Handling Materials

Sec 2(v) Confined Spaces2(v)(1) Identifying Confined Spaces2(v)(2) Identifying Confined Space Hazards2(v)(3) Model Confined Space Entry Program2(v)(4) Personnel Responsibilities and Training2(v)(5) Glossary2(v)(6) BibliographyAPPENDIX A: Copy of Confined Space Entry

PermitAPPENDIX B: Pre-Entry Planning Worksheet

Sec 2(w) Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety2(w)(1) Introduction2(w)(2) Identification2(w)(3) Handling & Use2(w)(4) Transportation of Cylinders2(w)(5) Bibliography

Sec 2(x) Drum Handling Safety2(x)(1) Introduction2(x)(2) Types of Drums2(x)(3) Drum Inspection, Handling, and Staging

Inspection2(x)(4) Leaking, Open, and Deteriorated Drums2(x)(5) Preventing Back Injuries

TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED

Part IV. Recordkeeping, Training and Inspections, Accident Investigation and Reporting

4(a) Introduction4(b) Safety Recordkeeping Practices and

Protocols4(c) Accident Recordkeeping Forms4(d) Safety Training and Recordkeeping4(e) OHSAS 18001 (Occupation Health and

Safety Assessment Series)4(f) Bibliography

Part V. Risk and Vulnerability Assessments

5(a) Risk Management5(b) Crisis Management5(c) Vulnerability Assessments5(d) Bibliography

Part VI. Subject Index

Part III. Worker Safety Rules (cont.)

3(n) Slings3(o) BibliographyPart 3 Annex Materials Provided by TVA and

USDAAnnex A Accident InvestigationAnnex B Electrical Switching OperationAnnex C Temporary Protective Grounding for

Generating Stations and Other Non-Transmission Facilities

Annex D Guarding Energized Electrical EquipmentAnnex E JumpersAnnex F Portable Electric Tools and AttachmentsAnnex G Safe Distribution systemsAnnex H Temporary LightingAnnex I Vehicle Operations Near Energized Lines or

EquipmentAnnex J Responsibilities and General Requirements

for Transmission Employees

Annex K Transmission/Substation/Telecommunication

Annex L Specifications and Drawings for Underground Electric Distribution