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KEY STATISTICS ON WOMEN’S STATUS
18% of women 20-24 years were married orin union before age 15
44% of women 20-24 years were married orin union before age 18
31% of women 20-24 years have given birthby age 18
34%of women 15-49 years think that ahusband/partner is justified inhitting/beating his wife under certaincircumstances
54%of women 15-49 years make use of atleast one type of information mediaat least once a week (newspaper,magazine, television or radio)
Source: MICS 2016-17
Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.” While the exact number of girls and women worldwide who have undergone FGM remains unknown, at least 200 million girls and women have been cut in 30 countries with representative data on prevalence. FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights and is condemned by many international treaties and conventions, as well as by national legislation in many countries. Yet, where it is practised FGM is performed in line with tradition and social norms to ensure that girls are socially accepted and marriageable, and to uphold their status and honour and that of the entire family. UNICEF works with government and civil society partners towards the elimination of FGM in countries where it is still practised.
1. World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An interagency statement, WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIFEM, OHCHR, UNHCR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNDP, UNAIDS, WHO, Geneva, 2008, p. 4.
STATISTICAL PROFILE ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
NIGERIA
Data and Analytics SectionDIVISION OF DATA, RESEARCH AND POLICY
© UNICEF/UNI47024/Nesbitt
1999-2006 National legislation criminalizingFGM passed in some states
WHEN AND HOW IS FGM PERFORMED?
HOW WIDESPREAD IS THE PRACTICE?
In Nigeria, the prevalence of FGM varies significantly by state
Two in three girls experienced the practice between ages 5 and 14
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 yearswho have undergone FGM, by state
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by ethnicity, residence and household wealth quintile
Percentage of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers), by residence, mother’s education and household wealth quintile
Among daughters of cut girls and women, the percentage of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers), by
mothers’ attitudes about whether the practice should continue
Notes: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on the map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Only categories with 25 or more unweighted cases are presented. Due to rounding, some of the data presented may not add up to 100 per cent. Prevalence data for girls aged 0 to 14 reflect their current, but not final, FGM status since some girls who have not been cut may still be at risk of experiencing the practice once they reach the customary age for cutting. Therefore, the data on prevalence for girls under age 15 is actually an underestimation of the true extent of the practice. Since age at cutting varies among settings, the amount of underestimation also varies and this should be kept in mind when interpreting all FGM prevalence data for this age group. ‘Health personnel’ includes doctors, nurses, midwives and other health workers; ‘Traditional practitioner’ includes traditional circumcisers, traditional birth attendants, traditional midwives and other types of traditional practitioners.
Source for all charts on this page: MICS 2016-17
Percentage distribution of girls aged 15 to 19 years who have undergone FGM, by age at which cutting occurred
Percentage distribution of girls aged 0 to 14 years who haveundergone FGM (as reported by their mothers), according to
the type of person/practitioner performing the procedure
Percentage distribution of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their
mothers), by type of FGM performed
Almost eight out of ten adolescent girls who experienced the practice were cut before the age of five
18
45
8 16
23
10
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
Total Ethnic groupwith highestprevalence
Ethnic groupwith lowestprevalence
Rural Urban Poorest Richest
10% - 25%
26% - 50%
51% - 80%
Less than 10%
Above 80%
0 20 40 60 80 100
0-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15+ yearsDon’t know/Missing
77 7 3 1 12
Source: DHS 2013
1213 14 11 13 12 11
0
20
40
60
80
100
Total Rural Urban No education Primary
17
Non-formal Poorest Richest
23
41
60
0
20
40
60
80
100
79
Daughters whosemothers think FGM
should continue
Daughters whosemothers say it
depends
Daughters whosemothers are
unsure
Daughters whosemothers think FGM
should stop
Traditionalpractitioner
Health personnel
Don’t know/Missing
12
0.3
87
Cut, no fleshremoved/Nicked
8 5
77
Cut, fleshremoved
Sewn closed
Don’t know/Missing
11
WHAT ARE THE PREVAILING ATTITUDES TOWARDS FGM?
More than half of girls and women and boys and men think FGM should stop
IS THE PRACTICE OF FGM CHANGING?
There is evidence of significant generational change in the prevalence of FGM in Nigeria as women aged 45-49 are more than twice as likely to have been cut than girls aged 15-19
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by current age
Notes: Trends in attitudes towards the practice are not included since findings from 1999, 2003 and 2008 (DHS) are not fully comparable. Similarly, data on the prevalence of FGM in 1999, 2003 and 2008 (DHS) are not included since findings are not fully comparable.
Source for all above charts: MICS 2016-17, unless otherwise noted.
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by survey year
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and boys and men aged 15 to 49 yearswho have heard about FGM, by their attitudes about whether the practice should continue
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and boys and men aged 15 to 49 years who have heard of FGM and
believe the practice is required by religion
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue, by household wealth quintile, education, ethnicity and age
Source: DHS 2013Source: MICS 2016-17 for girls and women and DHS 2013 for boys and men
Think FGM should continue Think FGM should stop Say it depends/are not sure
0 20 40 60 80 100
Girls andwomen
Boys andmen 62 1127
22 68 11
0
10
20
30
40
50
Boys and menGirls and women
15
24
22
31
15
23
30 31
11
23 21
0
10
20
30
40
50
15-19 years45-49 yearsEthnic group withlowest support
Ethnic group withhighest support
Secondaryor higher
Primarycomplete
Noeducation
RichestPoorestTotal
28
0
10
20
30
40
50
15-19 years20-24 years25-29 years30-34 years35-39 years40-44 years45-49 years
2824 21 20
17 1512
0
10
20
30
40
50
DHS 2013MICS 2011MICS 2007
26 27 25
MICS 2016-17
18
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM
Percentage of girls aged 0 to 14 years who have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers)
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue
NIGERIA
INTER-COUNTRY STATISTICAL OVERVIEW
Notes: Data on attitudes for Yemen refer to ever-married girls and women. In Liberia, girls and women who have heard of the Sande society were asked whether they were members; this provides indirect information on FGM since it is performed during initiation into the society. Egypt data refer to girls aged 1 to 14 years and Indonesia data refer to girls aged 0 to 11 years. An older source is used to report on the prevalence of FGM among girls aged 0 to 14 years for Gambia (MICS 2010) and Uganda (DHS 2011) since the latest source did not collect these data. MICS data for Ghana (2011) could not be used to report on attitudes towards FGM due to the fact that information is missing for girls and women with no living daughters; data from MICS 2006 are used instead. In Liberia, only cut girls and women were asked about their attitudes towards FGM; since girls and women from practicing communities are more likely to support the practice, the level of support in this country as captured by DHS 2013 is higher than would be expected had all girls and women been asked their opinion. Prevalence data on FGM for girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and data on attitudes towards FGM are not available for Indonesia.
Sources: DHS, MICS, Health Issues Survey, Population and Health Survey and RISKESDAS, 2004-2018.
Updated January 2019
FOR MORE INFORMATIONData and Analytics Section - Division of Data, Research and Policy
UNICEF, 3 UN Plaza, New York, 10017Website: data.unicef.org Email: [email protected]
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