NHTSA Strategy for Vehicle NHTSA Strategy for Vehicle SafetySafetySafety Safety March 20 2013March 20 2013March 20, 2013March 20, 2013Washington, DC

Joseph. S. Carra, DirectorStrategic Planning for Domestic and GlobalStrategic Planning for Domestic and GlobalIntegration of Vehicle safetyNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration

The Problem!!!The Problem!!!

SafetySa ety• 32,367 highway deaths in 2011• 5, 340,000 crashes/year • Leading cause of death for ages 4 to 34• Leading cause of death for ages 4 to 34

Mobility• 4 200 000 000 hours of4,200,000,000 hours of 

travel delay• $80,000,000,000 cost of 

urban congestiong

Environment• 2,900,000,000 gallons of 

wasted fuel

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Fatalities and Fatality Rate, by YearFatalities and Fatality Rate, by Yeary yy y

F t lit F t lit R t33,186

Fatality Fatality Rate32,788

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The Haddon MatrixThe Haddon Matrix

P E tHuman Vehicle Environment

Pre-Event

Event

Post-EventPost-Event

A Comprehensive Approach to Highway Safety

NVS Process and Organizational NVS Process and Organizational RelationshipRelationshipRelationshipRelationship

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Research Program PhilosophyResearch Program Philosophyg p yg p y

– Aligned with DOT & NHTSA goals– Primarily focused on regulatory outcomes– Primarily focused on regulatory outcomes

• But with some continuing component of exploratory & innovative “basic” research

f f /– Prioritized based on potential for fatality/injury reductions• With consideration for special populations and riskWith consideration for special populations and risk

scenarios– Collaborative

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Priority Plans

Safety Need from Data

Input from RM, Enf, NCSA, NTI, NCC External

Direction from C New Tech &

InputAdministration

Direction

Priority Plans Congress, NTSB, etc

New Tech & Future

Visioning

Formulation & Formulation & PrioritizationPrioritization

HEADCOUNT AND EXPERTISEBUDGET

Planning & Planning &

Constraintsgg

Execution Execution ProcessProcess

Research Program

Plans and Roadmaps

OutputYearly Spend Plans

Roadmaps Yearly and Quarterly

Milestones

Program ApproachProgram Approachg ppg ppGuided by 10-Year Strategic Vision and 3-Year Priority Plan, and other inputs:

C t t t i 3 5 P Pl & R d Create strategic 3-5 year Program Plans & Roadmaps With outcomes focused on regulatory decisions & implementation, and execute them

Motorcoach Safety PlanMotorcoach Safety Plan V2V Roadmap Distraction Plan Biomechanics Plan

Alt ti E V hi l S f t P Alternative Energy Vehicle Safety Program Human Factors for V2V/V2I Roadmap Electronics Reliability Plan Cybersecurity Plany y Automated Vehicle Plan

…. Elderly Occupant Plan AACN Roadmap AACN Roadmap Advanced Crashworthiness Plan

…. Avoidance/Crashworthiness Integration Plan? Vehicle/Behavioral Integration Plan?

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Fatalities in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes Fatalities in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes 20092009

Front 15%Sid 5%

Front 24%

Side 5%Rear <1%Other 3%

Side 12%Rear 3%Other 1% Passenger Car 8%

Light Truck 12%Light Truck 12%Large Truck 1%All Other Vehicles 1%Pedestrian

12%12%Pedalcyclist 2%

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Fatalities in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes Fatalities in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes 20092009

F t 24%

Front 15%Side 5%

Front 24%Side 12%Rear 3%Other 1%

Rear <1%Other 3%

Passenger Car 8%Light Truck 12%Large Truck 1%Large Truck 1%All Other Vehicles 1%

Pedestrian 12%Pedalcyclist 2%

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(0Human Error is Critical Reason for 93% of Crashes

Crash Avoidance

Crash WorthinessCrash Worthiness

Biomechanics

ESV ConferenceESV Conference

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C AS A O A CCRASH AVOIDANCE RESEARCH

Areas Of Focus•Distraction•Distraction•Forward Collision Braking•Pedestrian Crash Avoidance•Driver Monitoring and Support Systems•Alcohol Detection•Connected Vehicles

•Electronic Control SafetyElectronic Control Safety •Cybersecurity•Automated Vehicles

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•Modeling and Simulation for Effectiveness

NHTSA Distraction Plan NHTSA Distraction Plan

Guidelines are significant portion of Initiative 2g p

Advanced Forward Collision AvoidanceAdvanced Forward Collision Avoidance

Crash Imminent Braking (CIB): Applies the vehicle’s brakes when the driver makes no avoidance attempt (33% of rear

d h )end crashes) Dynamic Brake Support (DBS) is a related technology:

Supplements the vehicle’s brake output when the system believes that the driver has not applied enough brake pedal force (66% of rear end crashes)

Both technologies use information from forward-information from forward-looking sensors

Operate in situations where a rear end crash is likely orrear-end crash is likely or unavoidable

Pedestrian Crash Avoidance ResearchPedestrian Crash Avoidance Research

Phase 1 (2011/12)Phase 1 (2011/12) Develop test mannequins Adult and small child Correct visual appearance Correct radar cross sectionD l t t Develop apparatus to move mannequins

Phase 2 (2012/13)Phase 2 (2012/13) Determine capabilities of

current or near current systems Radar Video camera

Stereo video cameras Stereo video cameras

Heavy Vehicle Research (tractorHeavy Vehicle Research (tractor--trailers, trailers, y (y (straight trucks, and buses)straight trucks, and buses)

C h A id M i f Crash Avoidance – Main focus Stability Control Forward Collision Warning with Active Braking Vision Enhancement Departmental Motorcoach Plan

Crash avoidance technology research V2V Safety for Commercial

Heavy Vehicles (IntelliDrive)

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Driver Monitoring During Normal Driving

Th C t The Concept If a vehicle “knew” when drivers were: Impaired (distracted drowsy or Impaired (distracted, drowsy, or

alcohol impaired) Performing unsafe driving behaviors

(speeding, reckless maneuvers) Then these unsafe conditions could

potentially be mitigated by:potentially be mitigated by: Direct feedback to the driver Adjusting vehicle parameters (speed,

infotainment devices, etc) Post-drive feedback to the driver

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Driver Alcohol Detection System for yySafety (DADSS)Safety (DADSS)

End Goal: A non-invasive, seamless technology to measure

• Development undertaken as a step-by-step, data-driven process to ensure that effective technologies are developed

• Intended to support a nontechnology to measure driver BAC and reduce the incidence of drunk driving

• Intended to support a non-regulatory, market-based approach to preventing drunk driving

• Devices are intended to prevent alcohol-impaired drivers (BAC ≥ driving

Five-year, cooperative program between

p (0.08) from driving their vehicles

program between NHTSA and Industry to develop and test prototypes that may beprototypes that may be considered for vehicle integration thereafter

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ITS Opportunities for Higher Safety using DSRCITS Opportunities for Higher Safety using DSRCpp g y gpp g y g Primary DOT research initiatives: Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) ( )

communications Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I)

communications

Intersection Collision Avoidance

Crash reduction through: Driver advisories Pre-crash warnings Work Zone Notification Pre-crash warnings

NHTSA Agency decision: Light vehicles in 2013 g Heavy trucks in 2014

V2V+V2I may have theV2V V2I may have the potential to address 80% of the vehicle target crashes involving

unimpaired drivers*

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p

*National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, October 2010, DOT HS 811 381

ITS Safety PilotITS Safety Pilotyy

Model Deployment – Ann Arbor, MI• Major road test and real world

implementation taking place 2011 thru 2013, involving:• Approximately 2800 vehicles• Approximately 2800 vehicles• Multiple vehicle types• Fully integrated systems and

aftermarket devicesR d id i f t t• Roadside infrastructure

• System wide interoperability testing• Also to test

• Prototype security mechanisms• Prototype security mechanisms• Device certification processes

• Driver Clinics6 l ti th US b i i• 6 locations across the US beginning in August 2011

• 100 drivers per locations• Experience Crash Warningsp g

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CRASH WORTHINESSCRASH WORTHINESS RESEARCH

Areas Of Focus•Low Offset/Oblique Frontal•Child Safety Side Impact•Adaptive Restraints•Battery & Alt Fuel Safety•Dynamic Rollover•Dynamic Rollover

•Countermeasures for Lightweighted VehiclesVehicles•Modeling & Simulation

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Oblique/Low Overlap Test ProcedureOblique/Low Overlap Test Procedureq / pq / p

Small Overlap•Overlap ≈ 15%•Angle ≈ 7 degrees

THOR-NT Dummy

•Theoretical DV = 30 mph

Small Overlap Example

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NASS case Crash Test

Child Occupant ProtectionChild Occupant Protectionpp

Side Impact Test Procedure ModelingSide Impact Test Procedure Modeling

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Adaptive Occupant Restraint SystemsAdaptive Occupant Restraint Systemsp p yp p y

Adaptive Restraints Utilize crash warning

data to enhance M t i d S t Rrestraint performance

Occupant position/size sensors to adapt

t i t b h i

Motorized Seat Ramp

Lap Pretensionerrestraint behavior Elderly Evaluating injury

Lap Pretensioner

Evaluating injury tolerance and injury patterns

Dummy sensitivity for Dynamic Locking Tongue (DLT)y ylow speed crashes

Side Curtain Airbag Knee Airbag

Battery Vehicles Battery Vehicles –– Research ActivitiesResearch ActivitiesBattery Vehicles Battery Vehicles Research ActivitiesResearch ActivitiesLi-ion Battery / Electric Vehicles

• Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)• Charging Systems

• Temperature Cooling

• Analytical Process to Identify and prioritize failure mechanisms

• Contractor: Battelle Memorial, Draft Report due 12/2011 –(Industry and Peer Review to follow 2012)(Industry and Peer Review to follow 2012)

• Test Procedure development• Vehicle level performance tests for fault mechanisms

identified in FMEA

• 2 Contract Awards 24 month period of performance October 2011-2013

• SAE (Collaborative partners GM, Nissan, Honda, Toyota, Daimler)Daimler)

• Ford/Ricardo

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Advanced Automatic Collision Advanced Automatic Collision Notification Notification AACNAACN ConceptNotification Notification -- AACNAACN

p Use onboard sensors to predict crash severity and a

probability of severe injury Areas of expected benefits Faster emergency response given earlier notification g y p g

and knowledge of crash location Improved pre-hospital response/care and hospital

dispatch decisions

? ?? ?

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Older Occupant Research EffortsOlder Occupant Research EffortsOlder Occupant Research EffortsOlder Occupant Research Efforts

Well established finding that Well-established finding that older occupants have greater thoracic injury risk in greater thoracic injury risk in frontal crash

Analysis of NASS-CDS and yCIREN data to determine effects of age on injury risk In different crash modes By body region and anatomical

structure Young thorax Older thoraxstructure Young thorax Older thorax

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The Autonomous Automated Vehicle?The Autonomous Automated Vehicle?

Building Blocks for Automated OperationBuilding Blocks for Automated Operationg pg p

Policy Active Driver

Automated Operation

Infrastructure

DSRC for GPS for Secure Network

Policy Considerations!

Active Driver Engagement?

Infrastructure Changes?

Radar/Camera forConnectivity for

AwarenessPositioning

Driver S t/I f ti

for Information

Radar/Camera for Crash Avoidance

Connectivity for Communication Support/Information

Systems

Reliability Security HMI

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Automated Vehicles Automated Vehicles

Goal – maximize safety benefit and minimize risks with control systems and over-reliance

Approach Engage stakeholders Build knowledge base

D fi l l f t ti Define levels of automation Collaborate with SAE/industry on

voluntary approaches to standards Investigate driver HMI issues Create foundational understanding

for future NHTSA/DOT policy and

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regulatory decisions

Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) ProgramEnhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Programy ( ) gy ( ) gPurposeInternational Technical Conference organized byInternational Technical Conference organized by participating Governments from Asia Pacific, Europe, and North America to share and discuss latest vehicle safety research technologies.

Enhanced Objectives•Enhance participation and leadership from all participating Governments.

•Enhance technical content of papers

•Enhance Student Safety Technology Design Competition to build professional capacity and i t tinterest.

Begin focus on international collaborative research agenda to maximize resources and provide output for WP29Establish Journal publication format for plimited number of papers

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