Quang Hng

Dao Duc Thuan-THCS Tan Lap

PART I - ABBREVIATIONS

(Mt s t vit tt)

Mt s t vit tt thng dng trong s dng ng php ting Anh.

T vit ttVit y NghaT vit ttVit y Ngha

nnoundanh tintinterjectiontn thn t

Vverbng tSsubjectch ng

advadverbtrng tOobjecttn ng

adjadjectivetnh tcountcountablem c

conjconjunctionlin tuncountuncountablekhng m c

artarticlemo tsingsingulars t

pronpronouni tplplurals nhiu

prepprepositiongii t

PART II - DEFINITION OF PARTS OF SPEECH

(nh ngha v t loi)

1/- Danh t (noun): l t dng

# ch tn mt ngi:

Hoa, Susan...

# Ch tn mt con vt:

dog, cat, horse, chicken...

# Ch tn mt vt:

book, pen, eraser...

# Ch mt ni chn:

Ha Noi, Vietnam, Canada, America

# Ch mt tnh cht:

independence, freedom, happiness

# Ch mt tng:

appreciate, gratitude (lng bit n)

# Ch mt hnh ng:

movement (s di chuyn)

2/- i t (Pronoun): l t dng thay th danh t

Ex: Hung plays volleyball well. He is a volleyball player.3/- Tnh t (Adjective): l t dng

# Ch nh danh t:

This book. (quyn sch ny)

Some students. (mt vi hc sinh)

# B ngha danh t:

a beautiful house. (mt ngi nh p)

a tall building. (mt ta nh cao)

4/- Trng t (Adverb): l t dng :

# B ngha cho ng t:

He runs fast. (anh y chy nhanh)

# B ngha cho tnh t:

She is very funny.

# B ngha cho trng t khc:They speak English very slowly.

5/- ng t (Verb): l t dng ch:

# Mt trng thi:

Lan is very intelligent.

# Mt hnh ng:

Nam plays table tennis.

6/- Gii t (Preposition): l t dng ch s lin quan gia cc t.

Ex:The bus stop behind the car.

He goes with his father.

7/- Mo t (Article): l t dng ch nh danh t

Ex:A house. (mt ngi nh)

An eraser. (mt cc ty)

The moon. (mt Trng)

8/- Lin t (Conjunction): l t dng ni:

# hai t cng loi:

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

# hai mnh cng loi:Hoa is tall but her mother is short.

# mnh chnh + mnh ph:We stayed at home because it rained.

9/- Tn thn t (Interjection): l t dng din t mt cm gic t xut

Ex:Ah!, Oh!, Hey!

PART III - BASIC GRAMMAR POINTS

(Cc im ng php cn bn)

A. TENSES IN ENGLISH

(Cc th ting Anh trong chng trnh ting Anh THCS)

THE PRESENT OF THE VERB TOBE

Hin ti ca ng t tobe1/- nh ngha chung v ng t:

ng t l t dng ch hot ng, trng thi ca ch ng (subject).

ng t trong ting Anh ng vai tr rt quan trng, chng lm v ng (predicate) trong cu.

2/- ng t TOBE hin ti

hin ti ng t tobe c 3 hnh thc: am, is, v are Ngha ca ng t tobe: l, th, , b/c (trong cu b ng), ang ( th tip din).3/- ng t tobe c chia vi cc i t t nhn xng nh sau

Am: dng cho ch ng l ngi th nht s t (I)

Ex:I am Hoa.- I am a student.

Is: dng cho ch ng l ngi th 3 s t (he, she, it, Hoa..)

Ex:He is a teacher.- She is beautiful

- It is hot today.

Are: dng cho cc ch ng l ngi s nhiu (we, you, they, Hoa and Lan)

Ex:We are at school.- Are you a student?

- They are cats.

# Hnh thc rt gn ca ng t tobe

I am = Im

We are = were

You are = youre

You are = youre

He is = hes

They are = theyre

She is = shes

It is = Its# Dng cu ph nh: dng ph nh chng ta thm NOT vo sau ng t tobe I am not = Im not

We are not = we arent

You are not = you arent

You are not = you arent

He is not = he isnt

They are not = they arent

She is not = she isnt

It is not = It isntEx:Im not a teacher.

You are not/ arent teacher.

He is not/ isnt a student.They are not/ arent cats.

# Dng cu nghi vn/ cu hi: Chng ta a ng t tobe ln trc ch ng thnh lp cu hi. Cu tr li rt gn cho cu hi ny l: Yes hoc No.

Ex:Are you a student? - Yes, I am/ No, I am not

Is she beautiful?- Yes, she is/ No, she isnt

Are they happy?- Yes, they are/ No, they arent

# Dng cu nghi vn c t hi: l cch m chng ta thm t hi (Wh_words) vo trc cu nghi vn. Lc ny chng ta khng th tr li l Yes hoc No.

Wh-word + tobe + subject...?

Ex:What is it?

It is a pen.

How are you?- I am fine, thanks

What is your name?- My name is Lan.

-***-

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Th hin ti n1. Cch dng (uses): Th hin ti n dng

Din t s vic thng xy ra giai on hin ti

Ex: I go to work at 7.30

She works in a bank

Din t nhng thi quen, tp qun hay c tnh

Ex:

He often plays badminton everyday

Din t mt chn l hay mt s tht hin nhin

Ex:

The earth goes around the sun+ Cc trng t ch thi gian thng s dng: today, every day/week/month/year/Moday..,

+ Th hin ti n cn c dng vi cc trng t ch mc thng xuyn: always, usually, often, sometimes, never.2. Hnh thc (Form)

a. Th khng nh (Affirmative form):

S + V ..

Nu ch ng l ngi th 3 s t (He/She/It/Lan/a book) ng t thm S, hoc ES (ty thuc vo mi ng t)

Ex: They live in Ha Noi.

He lives in Ha Noi

b. Th ph nh (Negative form):

S + don not/ dont + V..

Nu ch ng l ngi th 3 s t (He/She/It/Lan/A book) thay do not/ dont l does not/ doesnt khi ng t theo sau dng nguyn th (khng thm s/es)

Ex:They do not/dont live in Ha Noi.

Nam does not/ doesnt live in Ha Noi.

c. Th nghi vn (Interrogative form)

Do/Does + S + V.?

( Tr li ngn: Yes, S + do/does

No, S + dont/doesnt

Ch : Does v Doesnt dng cho ch ng l cc ngi th 3 s t.

Ex:Do they live in Ha Noi? Yes, they do/ No, they dont

Does Nam live in Ha Noi? Yes, he does/ No, he doesnt3. Cch thm ui S/ES cho ng t thng

a. Nu ng t tn cng l: S, CH, SH, X, Z, O ta thm ES

Ex:go goes

watch watches

finish finishes

b. Nu ng t tn cng l Y m trc Y l mt ph m, i Y I v thm ES

Ex:fly flies

c. Cc trng hp cn li ch thm S

Ex:stay stays

get gets

sing sings

-***-THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Th hin ti tip din1/- Cch dng (Uses):

Th hin ti tip din c dng din t hnh ng ang xy ra ti thi im ni.

Cc trng t thng dng: now, at the moment, at this time, right now, ...

2/- Hnh thc (Forms):

a/. Th khng nh (Affirmative): S + be + V_ing...Ex:

I am learning English now.

He is reading a book at the moment.

They are watching TV.

b/. Th ph nh (Negative): S + be not + V_ing.....Ex:

I am not learning English now.

He isnt reading a book at the moment.

They arent watching TV.

c/. Th nghi vn (Interrogative):Be + S + V_ing...? ( Yes, S + be/ No, S + be notEx:

Are you learning English now? Yes, I am/ No, I am not

Is Lan playing badminton?

Yes, she is/ No, she isnt

Are Hoa and Lan speaking English? Yes, they are/ No, they arent

3.. Cch thm ING cho ng t thng

a. Nu ng t tn cng l 1 ch E cm (khng pht m) ta b E thm ingEx:live living

write writing

ride riding

see seeing (2 ch e)

b. Nu ng t tn cng l IE i IE thnh Y v thm Ing

Ex:die dying

lie lying

tie - tying

c. Nu ng t mt m tit tn cng l mt ph m m trc l mt nguyn m, ta gp i ph m trc khi thm ing.Ex:get - getting

stop stopping

shop shopping

d. Nu ng t c 2 m tit tn cng l mt ph m m trc n l mt nguyn m, trng m nm m tit th 2 th gp i ph m trc khi thm ing.Ex:begin beginning

listen listening (trng m nm m tit th nht: lsten)

4/- Th hin ti tip din vi always

Chng ta dng th hin ti tip din vi always khi phn nn, hoc biu l s bc mnh hay tc gin. Nhng t cng ngha nh: forever, constantly, cng c dng trong truqoqngf hp ny.

Ex:Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the floor for me to pick up.

(Mary lun vt tt bn ba bi trn sn nh ti phi i nht)

I am always/forever/constantly picking up Marys dirty socks!

(Lc no ti cng phi i nht tt bn ca Mary)

-***-THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Th hin ti hon thnh1. Cch dng (uses): Th hin ti hon thnh dng

Din t mt hnh ng xy ra ti mt thi im no trong qu kh (khng xc nh r thi im) v kt qu ca hnh ng cn lu li hin ti.Ex: They have bought a new TV.The football match has finished. Din t mt hnh ng bt u trong qu kh, ko di n hin ti v c th tip tc tng lai.Ex:We have learned English for 4 years

Din t mt s vic s hon thnh tng lai; trc mnh thng c: if, when, before, after, as soon as,

Ex:Lets have our meeting after we have had lunch.2. Hnh thc (Form)

a. Th khng nh (Affirmative form):

S + have/has + PP ..

Nu ch ng l ngi th 3 s t (He/She/It/Lan/A book) ta dng HAS thay cho HAVEEx: They have finished their work.

He has just bought a new car.b. Th ph nh (Negative form):

S + have not/ havent + PP..

Nu ch ng l ngi th 3 s t (He/She/It/Lan/A book) thay have not/ havent l has not/ hasnt.Ex:They have not/ havent finished their work.

Nam has not/ hasnt bought a new car.

c. Th nghi vn (Interrogative form)

Have/Has + S + PP.?( Tr li ngn: Yes, S + have/has

No, S + havent/hasnt

Ch : Has v Hasnt dng cho ch ng l cc ngi th 3 s t.

Ex: Have they finished their work? Yes, they have/ No, they havent

Has Nam bought a new car? Yes, he has/ No, he hasnt

3. Cch dng th hin ti hon thnh vi mt s trng t:

a. FOR: ch mt khong thi gian hnh ng thc hin c l bao lu

Ex:We have learnt English for 4 years.

b. SINCE: Ch mc thi gianEx:We have learnt Engish since 2005

c. JUST: Ch hnh ng va mi xy ra c mt thi gian ngn

Ex:My brother has just bought a new car

d. ALREADY: c dng nhn mnh rng mt hnh ng no xy ra sm hn mong i. Already dng trong cu khng nh, nm gia have/has v PP hoc ng cui cu.

Ex:I have already read that book.

e. YET: c s dng vi ng t ph nh nhn mnh rng hnh ng cha xy ra, nhng chng ta ngh ri hnh ng ri s xy ra. Thng ng cui cu

Ex:I havent finished this work yet.

(I havent finished this work but I will finish it)

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Th qu kh n1. Cch dng (uses): Th qu kh n dng

Din t mt hnh ng, s vic xy ra v kt thc ti mt thi im xc nh trong qu kh.Ex: My mother came to visit me yesterday. Din t mt lot cc hnh ng ni tip nhau trong qu kh.Ex:He walked into the room, turned on the light and saw a terrible mess.

+ Cc trng t: yesterday (hm qua); last (week/month/year): (tun/thng/nm) trc; ago (cch y)2. Hnh thc (Form)

a. Th khng nh (Affirmative form):

S + V-ed/V2 ..

V-ed l ng t c quy tc, V2 l ng t bt quy tc ct 2 trong bng ng t bt quy tc.Ex: They lived in Ha Noi in 1985.

He went out with me last night.b. Th ph nh (Negative form):

S + did not/ didnt + V..

Did not/ Didnt dng cho tt c cc ngi. Khi c Didnt ng t theo sau s dng nguyn th.Ex:They did not/ didnt live in Ha Noi in 1985.

Nam did not/ didnt go out with me last night.

c. Th nghi vn (Interrogative form)

Did + S + V.?

( Tr li ngn: Yes, S + did

No, S + didnt

Ch : cu nghi vn ng t sau ch ng cng dng nguyn th v c DidEx:Did they live in Ha Noi in 1985? Yes, they did/ No, they didnt

Did Nam go out with you last night? Yes, he did/ No, he didnt-***-THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Th qu kh tip din1. Cch dng (uses): Th qu kh tip din dng

Din t mt hnh ng, s vic ang xy ra ti mt thi im xc nh trong qu kh.Ex: They were singing in this room at 10 p.m yesterday.. Dng vi when trong trng hp c mt hnh ng ang xy ra th hnh ng khc ct ngang. Hnh ng ang xy ra dng th qu kh tip din, hnh dng ct ngang dng th qu kh n (c when).Ex:We were watching TV when the light went out.

Dng vi while khi c hai hnh ng song song cng xy ra ti mt thi im trong qu kh

Ex:My mother was cooking while my father was reading a newspaper.2. Hnh thc (Form)

a. Th khng nh (Affirmative form):

S + was/were + V-ing ..

was dng cho ch ng l ngi th 3 s t.Ex: They were studying English at 8.00 yesterday morning.

He was doing his homework at 9.00 last night.b. Th ph nh (Negative form):

S + was/were + not + V-ing..

Ex:They werent studying English at 8.00 yesterday morning.

He wasnt doing his homework at 9.00 last night.c. Th nghi vn (Interrogative form)

Was/Were + S + V-ing.?( Tr li ngn: Yes, S + was/were

No, S + wasnt/werent

Ex: Were they studying English at 8.00 yesterday morning?

Yes, they were/ No, they werent

Was he doing his homework at 9.00 last night? Yes, he was/ No, he wasnt.

-***-THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Th qu kh hon thnh1. Cch dng (uses): Th qu kh hon thnh dng

Ch mt vic hon thnh trc mt thi gian nht nh qu kh, hoc trc khi mt vic khc qu kh bt u.Ex: When I got home, someone had taken my camera.We didnt need to queue because I had bought the tickets. Thng i km cc gii t ch thi gian nh: after, before, when, by the time, as soon as, ever, already, neverEx:When I returned with my camera, the bird had already flown away.

2. Hnh thc (Form)

a. Th khng nh (Affirmative form):

S + had + PP ..

Ex: I had locked the door before I left the house.

He had eaten before he came here.b. Th ph nh (Negative form):

S + had not/ hadnt + PP..

Ex:I hadnt locked the door before I left the house.

He hadnt eaten before he came here.c. Th nghi vn (Interrogative form)

Had + S + PP.?( Tr li ngn:

Yes, S + had

No, S + hadnt

Ex: Had you locked the door before you left the house? Yes, I had/ No, I hadnt

Had he eaten before he came here? Yes, he had/ No, he hadnt

-***-THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Th tng lai n1/- Cch dng (uses):

+ Th tng lai n c dng ch hnh ng hay s vic s xy ra trong tng lai.

+ Cc trng t ch thi gian thng dng: tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year...(tun sau, thng sau, nm sau...), soon (ngay, sm, chng bao lu na), in (5 minutes/2 days)...trong (5 pht/2 ngy) na...

2/- Hnh thc (forms):

a/. Th khng nh (affirmative):

S + will/ shall + bare infinitive

( Bare infinitive: ng t nguyn th khng "to"

( Will: c dng cho ch ng l He, She, It, They, You

( Shall: c dng cho ch ng l I v We.

( Ngy ny ngi ta thng c xu hng s dng Will cho tt c cc ngi. (ngoi tr mt s cch s dng c bit)

Ex:

I will go to Ha Noi tomorrow.

He will stay with us next week.

They will build a new school in this area.

b/. Th ph nh (negative): th ph nh chng ta thm "Not" sau "will" hoc "shall"

S + will not (won't)/ shall not (shan't) + bare infinitive

Ex:

I will not/ won't go to Ha Noi tomorrow.

He will not/ won't stay with us next week.

They will not/ won't build a new school in this area.

c/. Th nghi vn (interrogative): th nghi vn (cu hi) chng ta a "Will" hoc "shall" ln trc ch ng.

Will/ Shall + S + bare infinitive...?

Ex:

Will you go to Ha Noi tomorrow? ( Yes, I will/ No, I won't

Will he stay with us next week? ( Yes, he will/ No, he won't

Will they build a new school in this area? ( Yes, they will/ No, they won't

d/. Th nghi vn c t hi (wh-word):

Wh-word + Will/ Shall + S + bare infinitive...?

Ex:

What will you do tomorrow morning?

Where will he go next Sunday?

-***-BE GOING TO + V

Ni v hnh ng tng lai vi be going to1. Cch dng (Use): Be going to c dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra tng lai c s sp t hoc ln k hoch t trc.

2. Hnh thc (Forms):

a. Cu khng nh (Affirmative):

S + be + going to + V....Ex:

I am going to Hue tomorrow.

She is going to Ha Noi this evening.

We are going to the theater tonight.

b. Cu ph nh (Negative):

S + be not + going to + V...Ex:

I am not going to Hue tomorrow.

She isnt going to Ha Noi this evening.

We arent going to the theater tonight.

c. Cu nghi vn (Interrogative):

Be + S + going to + V...?

( Yes, S + be/ No, S + be not

Ex:

Are you going to watch TV tonight?Yes, I am/ No, I am not

Is he going to play soccer tomorrow afternoon?

(Yes, he is/ No, he isnt

B. PHN NG PHP LP 6QUESTION WORDSCc t hiTrong ting Anh c 9 t hi. Chng ta thng gi chng l t hi (WH words) v chng bao gm cc ch WH (v d: WHy, HoW..). Chng ta s dng cc t hi hi mt s loi cu hi c th no .

1/- Cc t hi (Kinds of question words) What (g, ci g)

- Where (u, u)

- When (no, khi no)

Why (ti sao)

- Who (ai lm ch ng)

- Whom (ai lm tn ng) Whose (ca ai)

- Which (no, ci no)

- How (th no...)2/- Chc nng ca cc t hi (funtion of question words)T hiChc nngV d

what

Hi thng tin mt iu g

What is your name?

Yu cu nhc li hoc xc nhnWhat? I can't hear you.You did what?

what...for

Hi l doWhat did you do that for?

when

Hi v thi gianWhen did he leave?

where

Hi ni chnWhere do they live?

which

Hi v s la chnWhich colour do you want?

who

Hi v ngi (lm ch ng ca cu hi)Who opened the door?

whom

Hi v ngi (lm tn ng ca cu hi)Whom did you see?

whose

Hi v s s huWhose are these keys?Whose turn is it?

why

Hi l doWhy do you say that?

why don't

a ra li gi Why don't I help you?

how

Hi v cch thc hnh ngHow does this work?

Hi v iu kin hoc cht lngHow was your exam?

how + adj/adv

Hi v phm vi hoc mc Xem cc v d sau

how far

Khong cchHow far is Pattaya from Bangkok?

how long

Chiu di (thi gian, khong cch)

How long will it take?

how many

S lng (m c)

How many cars are there?

how much

S lng (khng m c)

How much money do you have?

how old

TuiHow old are you?

how come (informal)

Hi v l doHow come I can't see her?

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

i t nhn xng1/- Cc i t nhn xng:

i t nhn xngNgha ting vitGii thch

ITi, t, mnh...Ngi th nht s t ch ngi ni

YouBn, cu, anh, ch, ...Ngi th 2 s t ch ngi nghe

HeAnh y, cu y, ng y...Ngi th 3 s t ch mt ngi nam c nhc n

SheC y, ch y, b y...Ngi th 3 s t ch mt ngi n c nhc n

ItN, hn...Ngi th 3 s t ch mt vt, con vt c nhc n

WeChng ti, chng ta...Ngi th nht s nhiu, ch nhiu ngi ni

YouCc bn, cc anh, cc ch...Ngi th 2 s nhiu ch mt nhm ngi nghe

TheyH, chng n...Ngi th 3 s nhiu ch mt nhm ngi, con vt hoc vt c nhc n.

2/- Cch s dng: Chng ta dng i t nhn xng i din cho mt ngi hoc mt vt c trng no . Chng ta s dng chng da vo S: s t (vd: I) hoc s nhiu (vd: we)

Ngi: th nht (vd: I), ngi th 2 (vd: you) hoc ngi th 3 (vd: he)

Ging: ging c (vd: he), ging ci (vd: she) hoc ging trung (vd: it)

Cch: ch ng (vd: we) hoc tn ng (vd: us)

3/ Bng tm tt v v dSNgiGingi t nhn xng

Ch ngTn ng (*)

S t1c/ciIme

2c/ciyouyou

3chehim

cisheher

trungitit

S nhiu1c/ciweus

2c/ciyouyou

3c/ci/trungtheythem

(*) Xem phn 4

Ex:I like coffee. (Ti thch c ph)Do you like coffee? (Bnc thch c ph khng?)He runs fast. (Anh y chy nhanh)She is clever. (C y thng minh)It doesn't work. (N khng hot ng)We go home. (Chng t i v nh)Do you need a table for three? (Cc bn cn mt bn cho 3 ngi phi khng?)They are students. (Chng l hc sinh)# Chng ta thng dng It ni v thi tit, nhit , thi gian, v khong cch.Ex:It's raining. (Tri ang ma)It will probably be hot tomorrow. (Ngy mai tri c th nng)Is it nine o'clock yet? (9 gi cha?)It's 50 kilometres from here to post office. (T y ti bu in mt 50 kilomet)

4/- i t nhn xng ng chc nng tn ng

Chng ta hy xem hai v d sau y bit s khc nhau gia i t nhn xng lm ch ng (subject) v i t nhn xng lm tn ng (Object)

# Ting Vit:

Hm qua, ti gp anh y. Anh y cho ti

cu th nht ti l i t lm ch ng, anh y lm tn ng. cu th 2 Anh y lm ch ng, cn ti lm tn ng. i vi ting Vit th hai hnh thc ny ging nhau cch vit, nhng trong ting Anh th chng ta phi phn bit hai loi i t ny dng.

# Ting Anh:

Yesterday, I met him. He greeted me.

Trong cu 1 ti lm ch ng nn phi dng i t nhn xng l I, cn ti cu 2 l tn ng ca ng t nn chng ta s dng i t tn ng me. Tng t nh vy Anh y cu th nht l tn ng nn chng ta dng him cn anh y cu 2 l ch ng nn chng ta dng i t nhn xng lm ch ng He.CARDINAL NUMBERS

S m1/- Chng ta dng s m ch v s lng.

Ex:one pen, two books...

2/- Cch thnh lp s m

Ch sCh vitCh sCh vit

1One15Fifteen

2Two16Sixteen

3Three17Seventeen

4Four18Eighteen

5Five19Nineteen

6Six20Twenty

7seven30Thirty

8Eight40Forty

9Nine50Fifty

10Ten60Sixty

11Eleven70Seventy

12Twelve80Eighty

13Thirteen90Ninety

14Fourteen100Hundred

# Cc s l nh 21, 22, 23...; 31, 32, 33...; 41,42, 43...etc chng ta thnh lp bng cch thm cc s l t 1 n 9 vo sau s hng chc .Ex:21 = 20 + 1: twenty-one

31 = 30 + 1: thirty-one

22= 20 + 2: twenty-two

32 = 30 + 2: thirty-two

45 = 40 + 5: forty-five

68 = 60 + 8: sixty-eightTHE IMPERATIVESCu mnh lnh1/- Hnh thc (Form)Thc mnh lnh c hnh thc ging nh ng t thng. thc mnh lnh ch ng You c hiu ngm.

Ex:Come in. (=You should come in)

Read the instructions carefully.

Chng ta thm do not/dont thnh lp hnh thc mnh lnh ph nh.

Ex:Dont make so much noise.

Dont turn off the lights.2/- Cch dng (Uses)

a/- a ra mnh lnh hoc yu cu ngi khc lm g.

Ex:Teacher (to pupils):

Open your book, please. (M sch ra)(gio vin ni vi hc sinh)

Boss (to employee):

Dont tell anyone about this. (ng ni vi ai iu ny)(ng ch ni vi nhn vin)

b/- a ra li gi hoc li khuyn

Ex:Why dont you spend a year working before you go to college? Take a year off from your studies and learn something about the real world.

(Bn nn ngh mt nm trc khi vo i hc. Hy ngh hc mt nm hc v mt s iu ca cuc sng thc ti)

c/- a ra li cnh bo hoc nhc nh

Ex:Look out! Theres a car coming. (Coi chng! C mt chic xe ang ti ka)

Dont forget your keys. (ng qun cha kha)

d/- Ch ng hoc li hng dn

Ex:Go along here and turn left at the lights. e/- a ra li yu cu v li mi.

Ex:Have a chocolate. (Mi bn n S c la)

Come to lunch with us. (Ti n tra vi chng ti)

f/- a ra li chc tt p

Ex:Have a nice holiday.

Enjoy yourself.

INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A , ANMo t bt nh: A, An1/- An (mt): c dng trc mt danh t m c s t (singular countable noun) bt u bng mt nguyn m. Cc nguyn m l A, E, I, O, U.

Ex:an eraser, an ink-pot, an apple...

2/- A (mt): c dng trc mt danh t m c s t (singular countable noun) bt u bng mt ph m. Ngoi 5 nguyn m trn cn li l ph m.

Ex: a book, a teacher, a doctor...

3/- Mt s t c ch vit l ph m nhng c phin m l nguyn m nn chng ta dng An thay cho A

Ex:an hour, an honnest man, an honor..., an heir (cc ch h trong cc t ny khng c)

Mt s t li c ch vit bt u bng nguyn m nhng li dng vi A v c phin m l mt ph m.

Ex:a uniform, a university, a useful thing.PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS

Danh t m c s nhiuCh c nhng danh t m c mi chuyn thnh danh t s nhiu.

I/- Cch thnh lp (Formation)

1/- Hu ht cc danh t m c s t c chuyn sang danh t s nhiu bng cch thm S vo sau danh t .

Ex:a book two books

a pen two pens

2/- Nhng danh t m c s t tn cng l S, SH, CH, X, Z, O khi chuyn sang s nhiu chng ta thm ES

Ex: a class two classes

a watch two watches

# Ngoi l: a radio radiosa piano pianosa photo photos

3/- Nu danh t m c s t tn cng l Y m trc Y l mt ph m th chng ta i Y thnh IES khi chuyn sang s nhiu.

Ex:a familytwo familiesa fly two flies (con rui)

4/- Nu danh t m c s t tn cng l F hoc FE th chuyn F v FE thnh VES

Ex:a knife two knives

a leaf two leaves (chic l)

II/- Mt s danh t bt quy tcS tS nhiuS tS nhiu

A man (n ng)MenA goose (con ngng)Geese

A woman (n b)WomenA louse (con rn)Lice

A child (a tr)ChildrenA foot (bn chn)Feet

A tooth (ci rng)teethAn ox (con b)oxen

A mouse (con chut)miceA person (ngi)Persons /people

HOW MANY HOW MUCH: QuantityHi v s lng vi How many v How much1/- How many (bao nhiu): dng cho danh t m c s nhiu.How many + plural countable noun ...?

Ex:How many desks are there in your classroom?

(C bao nhiu ci bn hc sinh trong phng hc ca bn?)

How many books do you have?(Bn c bao nhiu sch?)2/- How much (bao nhiu): dng cho danh t khng m c. Danh t khng m c l nhng danh t nh: water (nc), rice (go), money (tin)...How much + uncountable noun...?

Ex:How much rice is there? (C bao nhiu go?)

How much money does she have?

(C y c bao nhiu tin?)DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS: This/these That/those

i t ch nh1/- This (y, ny...):

Dng ch mt vt, mt ngi gn.

Danh t theo sau l danh t s t m c.

ng t theo sau l ng t ngi th 3 s t.

Ex:

This is a book.

This movie is very interesting.

This man is short.

2/- That (kia, ...):

Dng ch mt vt, mt ngi xa.

Danh t theo sau l danh t s t m c.

ng t theo sau l ng t ngi th 3 s t.

Ex:

That is a ruler.

That house is my brother's

That computer is very cheap.

3/- These (s nhiu ca This):

Dng ch nhiu vt, nhiu ngi gn.

Danh t theo sau l danh t m c s nhiu.

ng t theo sau l ng t ngi s nhiu.

Ex:

These are desks.

These books are mine

These are my friends.

4/- Those (s nhiu ca That):

Dng ch nhiu vt, nhiu ngi xa.

Danh t theo sau l danh t m c s nhiu.

ng t theo sau l ng t ngi s nhiu.

Ex:

Those are bookshelves

Those students are in class 7A

Those pens are blue.

5/- Tm tt

gnng t tobe xang t tobe

S tThisIsThatIs

S nhiuTheseareThoseare

--***--THERE + BE...C...Chng ta dng there + be ch s hin hu ca mt ngi hay mt vt no . Nu danh t theo sau ng t tobe s t hoc danh t khng m c th ng t tobe s t. Nu danh t theo sau l danh t m c s nhiu th ng t tobe s nhiu.

1.. There + is/was/has been + singular noun/uncountable noun

Ex:

- There is a book on the table.

- There is some water in the glass.

- There is a television, a radio and two tables in the livingroom.

- There was a car here yesterday.

2.. There + are/were/have been + plural noun

Ex:

There are some books on the table

There are two tables, a television and a radio in the livingroom.

3. dng ph nh ta thm not sau ng t to be: There + be + not + noun

Ex:

There isnt a book on the table.

There arent some books on the table

4. dng cu nghi vn (cu hi) chng ta a ng t tobe ln trc there. Cu tr li l Yes, there + be / No, there + be not.

Ex:

- Is there a book on the table? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt

- Is there some water in the glass? Yes, there is/ No, there isnt

- Are there some books on the table? Yes, there are/ No, there arent.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Tnh t s hu1/- Cch dng (uses): Tnh t s hu c dng ch s s hu ca mt ngi hay mt vt v mt vt no . Tnh t s hu lun lun c danh t theo sau.

Ex:my pen (bt ca ti), her house (nh ca c y)

2/- Bng cc tnh t s hu tng ng vi cc i t nhn xng.TTi t nhn xngTnh t s huNgha ting Vit

1IMyCa ti

2YouYourCa bn, ca anh...

3HeHisCa anh y, ng y...

4SheHerCa c y, b y...

5ItItsCa n

6WeOurCa chng ti, chng ta...

7YouYourCa cc bn, cc anh...

8TheyTheirCa h, ca chng n...

3/- Mt s v d:

This is my pen. (y l bt ca ti)

His house is very nice. (Nh ca anh y rt p) My name is Hoa. What is her name? (Tn ti l Hoa. Tn ca c y l g?)

What is your fathers job? (Ngh nghip ca b bn l g?/ B bn lm ngh g?)POSSESSIVE CASE ()

S hu cchNgoi cch ni s hu dng tnh t s hu ra chng ta cn gp dng s hu vi danh t. V d mun ni: chic cp ca Hoa, ci thc ca Lan, chng ta s s dng cch s hu vi danh t.1/- Thm (s) vo sau danh t th nht khng tn cng l S

Ex:the teachers book. (quyn sch ca mt gio vin)

Mr. Tuans house. (ngi nh ca ng Tun)

The childrens school. (trng hc ca bn tr)

2/- Nu danh t th nht tn cng l S th ch cn thm du ().

Ex:the teachers book. (quyn sch ca nhng gio vin)

My boss car. (chic xe hi ca ng ch ti)

The girls schoolbags. (nhng chic cp sch ca nhng c gi)3/- i vi danh t ch vt chng ta thng dng cch s hu vi OF

Ex:the leg of the table. (chn bn)

The end of the story. (phn cui ca cu chuyn)

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

i t s hu1/- Cc i t s hu

Personal pronouns

(i t nhn xng)Possessive pronouns

(i t s hu)Meaning

(Ngha)

IMineca ti, ca mnh...

YouYoursca bn, ca anh, ca ch...

HeHisca anh y, ca ng y...

SheHersca c y, ca ch y...

ItItsca n

WeOursca chng ti, ca chng ta...

YouYoursca cc bn, ca cc anh, cc ch...

TheyTheirsca h, ca chng n...

2/- Cch dngCc i t s hu c dng thay th cho tnh t s hu v danh t khi chng ta khong mun nhc li danh t .Ex:This is my house and thats hers. (hers = her house)

Your pen is blue. Mine is red. (Mine = my pen)THE ORDINAL NUMBERSS th t1/- Bng cc s th t t 1 100: ch s c vit thm 2 k t cui ca ch vit.Ch sCh vitCh sCh vitCh sCh vit

1stFirst14thFourteenth27thTwenty-seventh

2ndSecond15thFifteenth28thTwenty-eighth

3rdThird16thSixteenth29thTwenty-ninth

4thFourth17thSeventeenth30thThirtieth

5thFifth18thEighteenth31stThirty-first

6thSixth19thNineteenth40thFortieth

7thSeventh20thTwentieth50thFiftieth

8thEighth21stTwenty-first60thSixtieth

9thNinth22ndTwenty-second70thSeventieth

10thTenth23rdTwenty-third80thEightieth

11thEleventh24thTwenty-fourth90thNinetieth

12thTwelfth25thTwenty-fifth100thOne hundredth

13thThirteenth26thTwenty-sixth

2/- Cch thnh lp s th ta/- Thm th vo sau s m:

Ex:4th (fourth)

10th (tenth)

b/- Ngoi l: One : 1st (first)

two: 2nd (second)

three: 3rd (third)

Five: 5th (fifth)

eight: 8th (eighth)

nine: 9th (ninth)

Twelve: 12th (twelfth)

c/- Cc s th t t 21 tr i (vd: 21st, 22nd, 23rd...) th s trc l s m cn s sau s l s th t.

Ex:21st : twenty-first

49th: forty-ninth3/- Cch dng: Ch th t vt, ngi trong mt tng th cho d phn bit.

Ex:Wednesday is the third day of a week. (Th t l ngy th ba trong mt tun)

Ch ngy trong thng.Ex:I was born on September 14th, 1979 (Ti sinh ngy 14 thng 9 nm 1979)

Dng vit phn sEx:2/3: two third

1/8: one eighth

--***--TIMESThi gian1/- Hi gi:

What time is it? / What's the time?

2/- Ni gi

a/. Gi ng:

It's + gi + o'clock

Ex:

It's 7 o'clock.

It's 12 o'clock

b/. Gi hn:

It's + pht + past + giEx:

It's twenty past nine. (9.20)

It's fifteen past ten. (10.15)

Chng ta c th dng "a quarter" thay cho s pht l 15 v "half" thay cho s pht l 30

Ex:

It's half past eight = It's thirty past eight (8.30)

It's a quarter past one = It's fifteen past one. (1.15)

c/. Gi km:

It's + pht + to + giEx:

It's twenty to ten. (9.40)

It's fifty to three. (3.50)

Chng ta c th dng "a quarter" thay cho s pht l 15 trong cch ni gi km.

Ex:

It's a quarter to ten = It's fifteen to ten. (9.45)

It's a quarter to two = It's fifteen to two (1.45)

Ch trong giao tip ngi Anh, M thng dng cch ni gi nh ngi Vit Nam, ni gi trc pht sau.

Ex:

It's ten twenty. (10.20)

It's five forty-five (5.45)

DATESNgy thng

1/- Ngy trong tun (Days of week)

Moday: th 2

Tuesday: th 3

Wednesday: th 4 Thursday: th 5

Friday: th 6

Saturday: th 7Sunday: ch nht

Chng ta dng gii t "On" trc ngy trong tun

Ex: on Monday, on Tuesday...** Hi ngy hm nay l th my:

Whats day today? ( Today is Monday.2/- Ngy trong thng (Dates)

1stFirst9thNinth17thSeventeenth25thTwenty-fifth

2ndSecond10thTenth18thEighteenth26thTwenty-sixth

3rdThird11thEleventh19thNineteenth27thTwenty-seventh

4thFourth12thTwelfth20thTwentieth28thTwenty-eighth

5thFifth13thThirteenth21stTwenty-first29thTwenty-ninth

6thSixth14thFourteenth22ndTwenty-second30thThirtieth

7thSeventh15thFifteenth23rdTwenty-third31stThirty-first

8theighth16thsixteenth24thTwenty-fourth

3/- Thng trong nm (months of a year)

January: thng 1

April: thng 4July: thng 7

October: thng 10

February: thng 2

May: thng 5

August: thng 8November: thng 11

March: thng 3

June: thng 6

September: thng 9December: thng 12

Chng ta dng gii t "In" trc cc thng. Nu c c ngy v thng chng ta dng gii t "On"

Ex: in January, in February... on December 3rd...

2/- Cch vit v c ngy thnga. Cch hi ngy thng:Whats the date today?b. Cch vit: Th, thng + ngy (s th t), nm (A.E)

Ex: Wednesday, December 3rd, 2008

Th, ngy (s th t) + thng, nm (B.E)

Ex: Wednesday, 3rd December, 2008

i lc chng ta thy ngi Anh, M vit ngy thng nh sau:

Wednesday, December 3, 2008

(A.E)

Wednesday, 3 December, 2008

(B.E)

c. Cch c: Th + thng + ngy (s th t) + nm

hoc Th + ngy (s th t) + of + thng + nm.

Ex:

Wednesday, December 3rd, 2008: Wednesday, December the third, two thousand and eight. hoc Wednesday, the third of December, two thousand and eight.

SUBJECTS

Cc mn hc1MathTan7Geographya l

2PhysicsVt l8Civic EducationGDCD

3ChemistryHa hc9EnglishTing Anh

4BiologySinh hc10Physical EducationTh dc

5LiteratureNg Vn11ArtM thut

6HistoryLch s12Musicm nhc

PREPOSITIONS OF TIMEMt s gii t ch thi gian1/- In + thng/nm/thng, nm

Ex:

In September

in 1979

in September 1979

2/- In + the morning/afternoon/evening (vo bui sng/chiu/ti)

Ex:

I usually get up at 6 in the morning.

We often watch TV in the evening.

3/- On + th/ ngy thng/ ngy thng nm

Ex:

on Monday

On September 14th

on September 14, 1979

4/- At + mt im thi gian c th

Ex:

at 6 oclock.

She often goes to bed at 11 p.m

5/- After/before + thi gian

Ex:

After 5 oclock

Before 8 a.m

6/- Between + thi gian + and + thi gian

Ex:

Ill wait for you there between 7 p.m and 11 p.m

PREPOSITIONS OF POSITION

Mt s gii t ch v tr1/- HERE: y, ti ni ny.

Ex:

We live here.

2/- THERE: ng kia, ni .

Ex:

Its there, right in front of you.

3/- INSIDE: trong, bn trong

Ex:

The guest had to move inside when it started to rain.

4/- OUTSIDE: ngoi, bn ngoi

Ex:

Please wait outside.

5/- UPSTAIRS: tng trn, trn lu, trn gc

Ex:

I heard someone talking upstairs last night.

6/- DOWNSTAIRS: tng di, di lu

Ex:

Theyre waiting for us downstairs.7/- AT : ti,

Ex:

We learn English at school.

8/- AROUND: xung quanh

Ex:

There is a garden around my house.

9/- BEFORE: trc, pha trc

Ex:

My school is before the park.

10/- BEHIND: pha sau

Ex:

The dog is behind the table

11/- BESIDE: bn cnh

Ex:

The bookstore is beside the drugstore

12/- BETWEEN...AND: gia...v...

Ex:

The police station is between the bookstore and the toystore

13/- UNDER: di

Ex:

The cat is under the table

14/- IN FRONT OF: pha trc

Ex:

The post office is in front of the lake.

15/- NEAR: gn

Ex:

I live near a river.

16/- NEXT TO: bn cnh

Ex:

The bank is next to the post office

17/- OPPOSITE: i din

Ex:

The bakery is opposite the bookstore

18/- TO THE LEFT/RIGHT: bn tri/ phi

Ex:

There is a well to the left of my house.

There is a flower garden to the right of my house.

MODALS: CAN & CANT

ng t khim khuyt: Can v Cant1/- Cch dng (Uses)

Can c nhiu cch s dng, trong bi Can c dng ch ai c kh nng lm g.

Ex:I can speak English.

He can swim.

2/- Hnh thc (forms)

L ng t khim khuyt nn Can c chc nng ging nh nhng ng t khim khuyt khc. (Xem thm phn ng t khim khuyt).

a/- dng khng nh:

S + can + bare inf...

Ex:He can drive a car.

They can do this work.

b/- Dng ph nh, chng ta thm Not sau Can. Vit y l Cannot, vit tt l Cant

S + cannot/cant + bare inf...

Ex:He cannot/cant drive a car.

They cannot/cant do this work.c/- Chng ta a Can ln trc ch ng thnh lp cu hiCan + S + bare inf...?

Ex:Can he drive a car?

- Yes, he can/No, he cant.

Can they do this work?- Yes, they can/ No, they cant.

COLOURSMu scTTMunghaTTMungha

1WhiteTrng8BrownNu

2Blacken9PurpleTa

3Red10YellowVng

4PinkHng11OrangeCam

5BlueXanh dng12VioletTm

6GreenXanh l

7GreyXm

PARTITIVEST nh lngi vi cc danh t khng m c, khi thnh lp s nhiu ta phi dng cc t ch nh lng sau y. Khi s lng m l nh lng t ch khng phi l danh t.

V d: mt lt nc (a little of water) th l mt lt ch khng phi l mt nc

1/- a bottle of : mt chai

Ex:a bottle of cooking oil. (mt chai du n)

a bottle of wine. (mt chai ru)

2/- a packet of: mt gi

Ex:a packet of tea. (mt gi tr)

a packet of cigarettes. (mt gi thuc)

3/- a box of: mt hp (hp giy, ba)

Ex:a box of chocolates. (mt hp s c la)

a box of chalk. (mt hp phn)

4/- a kilo/gram/little of: mt cn/gam/lt...

Ex:a kilo of beef. (mt kilogam tht b)

a little of water. (mt lt nc)

5/- a dozen: mt t

Ex:a dozen eggs. (mt t trng)6/- a can of: mt lon, mt hp (hp kim loi)

Ex:a can of peas. (mt hp u)7/- a bar of: mt bnh, mt thanh

Ex:a bar of soap. (mt bnh x phng)

a bar of chocolates. (mt thanh s c la)

8/- a tube of: mt typ

Ex:a tube of toothpaste. (mt typ kem nh rng).ASKING PRICESHi gi1/- Hi gi vi How much...?

How much + be + noun/ pron?

Ex:How much is this pen? (chic bt ny gi bao nhiu?)

It is one thousand dong.

How much are books? (Nhng quyn sch ny gi bao nhiu?)

They are fifty thousand dong.

2/- Hi gi vi ng t COST (tr gi)

How much + auxiliary verb + noun/pron + cost?Note: auxiliary verb: tr ng t

Ex:How much does this pen cost? (chic bt ny gi bao nhiu?)

It is/It costs one thousand dong.

How much do these bananas cost? (nhng qu chui ny gi bao nhiu?)

They are/ They cost twenty thousand dong.

3/- Hi gi vi What

What + be + the price(s) of + noun?

Ex:What is the price of this pen?

What is the price of these bananas?

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCYTrng t ch mc thng xuyn.1/- Cc trng t ch mc thng xuyn:

Always: lun lun

Sometimes: thnh thong

Often: thng

Hardly/Seldom: him khi

Usually: thng thng

Never: khng bao gi

2/ - V tr v cch s dng

Cc trng t ch mc thng xuyn c dng tr li cho cu hi "How often...?". Chng thng ng trc ng t thng v sau ng t "tobe"

Ex:

How often do you play badminton? ( I sometimes play badminton after school.

How often does he go fishing?

( He never goes fishing.

He is always late for school.

MAKING SUGGESTION

a ra li gi a ra li gi ai lm vic g vi mnh chng ta s dng cc mu cu sau y:

1.. Lets + bare infinitive

Ex:

Lets go to the cinema tonight.

Lets help her with her housework.

2.. What about/How about + V_ing....?

Ex:

What about going to the cinema tonight?

How about going to the cinema tonight?

3.. Why dont we + bare infinitive...?

Ex:

Why dont we go to the cinema tonight?

COMPARISONS (1): Comparatives and Superlatives of AdjectivesSo snh hn v so snh cao nht vi tnh t

I/- So snh hn: Chng ta dng so snh hn so snh gia hai ngi, hai vt hoc hai vt vi nhau.1. Vi tnh t ngn: l tnh t c mt m tit (mt vn)

S1 + be + adj_er + than + S2(n/pron) + (be)

Ex:- She is taller than her sister

The Mekong River is longer than The Red River

2. Vi tnh t di: l tnh t c t 2 m tit tr ln

S1 + be + more adj + than + S2(n/pron) + (be)Ex:- She is more beautiful than her mother

Nam is more intelligent than Hoa

II/- So snh cao nht: Chng ta dng so snh cao nht so snh t 3 ngi, hoc 3 vt th tr ln.1. Vi tnh t ngn

S + be + the + adj_est

Ex:- Hung is the tallest boy in our class.

The Nile River is the longest river in the world.

2. Vi tnh t di

S + be + the most + adj

Ex:- Hung is the most intelligent boy in our class.

She is the most beautiful girl in my village.

III/- Mt s im cn ch

1. Mt s tnh t bt quy tc khi thnh lp so snh hn v so snh hn nht

Ex:good better - the best

bad worse the worst

little less the least

much more the most

fore former the first

late latter/later the last

2. Nhng tnh t tn cng l Y, chng ta coi nh tnh t ngn.

Ex:happy happier the happiest

pretty prettier the prettiest

easy easier the easiest

sunny sunnier the sunniest

3. Nhng tnh t tn cng l ED v ING c xem nh tnh t di

Ex:We got more bored by his lecture than they (did)

4. Nhng tnh t tn cng l ER, -OW, -ET thng c thm ER vo sau

Ex:simple simplerclever cleverernarrow narrower

INDEFINITE QUANTIFIERS

many/much, lots of/a lot of, some/any, (a) little/(a) few

1/- Many (nhiu): c dng trc danh t m c s nhiu.

Ex:

There are not many books on the table.

Her old school doesn't have many students.

2/- Much (nhiu): c dng trc danh t khng m c.

Ex:

There isn't much milk in the glass.

She hasn't much time for her family.

3/- Lots of/ a lot of (nhiu): c dng trc c danh t khng m c v danh t m c s nhiu. Thng c dng trong cu khng nh.

Ex:

Hoa has a lot of/ lots of friends in Hue.

There is a lot of/ lots of water in the glass.

4/- (a) little - (mt) t: c dng vi danh t khng m c. "A little" mang ngha khng nh trong khi "little" mang ngh ph nh.

Ex:

Luckily, there is a little rice left.

Unluckily, there is little rice left.

5/- (a) few (mt) t: c dng vi danh t m c s nhiu. "A few" mang ngha khng nh trong khi "few" mang ngha ph nh.

Ex:

There are a few candies/ There are few candies.

I have a few interesting books here.

COUNTRIES, NATIONALITIES AND LANGUAGESQuc gia, quc tch v ngn ng

1/- Bng tn mt s quc gia, quc tch v ngn ng

CountriesQuc giaNationalitiesQuc tchLanguagesNgn ng

VietnamVit NamVietnameseNgi Vit NamVietnameseting Vit

ChinaTrung QucChineseNgi Trung QucChineseting Trung Quc

JapanNht bnJapaneseNgi NhtJapaneseting Nht

CombodiaCampuchiaCombodianNgi CampuchiaCombodianting CPC

CubaCu BaCubanngi Cu BaSpanishting Ty Ban Nha

EnglandAnhEnglishngi AnhEnglishting Anh

FrancePhpFrenchngi PhpFrenchting Php

AmericaMAmericanngi M Englishting Anh

CanadaCanadaCanadianngi CanadaEnglish & Frenchting Anh & Php

RussiaNgaRussianngi NgaRussianting Nga

AustraliacAustralianngi cEnglishting Anh

GreeceHy LpGreekngi Hy LpGreekting Hy Lp

Denmarkan MchDanishngi an MchDanishting an Mch

SpainTy Ban NhaSpanishngi Ty Ban NhaSpanishting TBnha

SwedenThy inSwedishngi Thy inSwedishting Thy in

SwitzerlandThy SSwissngi Thy SGermanting c

TurkeyTh Nh KTurkishngi TNKTurkishting Th Nh K

GermanycGermanngi cGermanting c

MexicoMexicoMexicanngi MexicoSpanishting TBNha

BrazilBraxinBrazilianngi BraxinPortugeeseting BNha

ItalyItalyItalianngi ItaliaItalianting Italia

KoreaHn QucKoreanngi Hn QucKoreanting Hn Quc

PortugalB o NhaPortugeesengi BNPortugeeseting BN

PolandBa LanPolishngi Ba LanPolishting Ba Lan

2/- V d:

I live in Vietnam. (Ti sng Vit Nam)

I am Vietnamese. (Ti l ngi Vit Nam)

I speak Vietnamese. (Ti ni ting Vit)

He lives in Australia. (Anh y sng c)

He is Australian. (Anh y l ngi c)

He speaks English. (Anh y ni ting Anh)

C. PHN NG PHP LP 7ADVERBS OF TIME: still

Trng t ch thi gian: still (vn): ng sau ng t Tobe, trc ch ng v sau ng t thng.

Ex:

She is still young.

I am still a secondary student.

He still likes her.

They still live in Ha Noi.

SO & TOO (in affirmative agreements)So v Too trong cu ng khng nh"So" v "Too" c dng din t mun ng , mang ngha khng nh. "So" ng u cu ng khng nh, "Too" ng cui cu.

1/- Vi ng t thng (Ordinary verbs): i vi ngt thng chng ta mn tr ng t "do/does" (th hin ti n) hoc "did" (th qu kh n) trong cu ng khng nh.

S + V... ( So + do/does/did + S

S + do/does/did, too

Ex:

He lives in Ha Noi. ( So do I/ I do, too

Hoa reads a book. ( So does he/ He does, too

They worked very hard last night. ( So did I/ I did, too.

2/- Vi ng t c bit (speacial verbs), ng t khim khuyt (modal verbs): Vi ng t c bit nh "tobe", tr ng t "have/has" trong th hin ti hon thnh hay ng t khim khuyt (can,will...) chng ta s dng ngay nhng tr ng t hoc ng t khim khuyt ny thnh lp cu ng khng nh.

S + special verb/ modal verb... ( So + special verb/ modal verb + S

S + special verb/ modal verb, too.

Ex:

He is a student. ( So am I/ I am, too.

She can play the giutar. ( So can he/ He can, too.

Mr. Hung has just come back from work. ( So have I/ I have, too.

EITHER & NIETHER (in negative agreements)

Either v Neither trong cu ng ph nh"Either" v "Neither" c dng din t mun ng , mang ngha ph nh. "Neither" ng u cu ng khng nh, "Either" ng cui cu.

1/- Vi ng t thng (Ordinary verbs)S + dont/doesnt/didnt + V... ( Neither + do/does/did + S

S + dont/doesnt/didnt, eitherNote: neither mang ngha ph nh, either mang ngha khng nh nn phi thm Not sau tr ng t.

Ex:She doesnt cook well.- Neither does he. (anh y cng khng)

I didnt go to school yesterday.- Neither did I/ I didnt, either.2/- Vi ng t c bit (speacial verbs), ng t khim khuyt (modal verbs): S + special verb/ modal verb + not... ( Neither + special verb/ modal verb + S

S + special verb/ modal verb + not, either.

Ex:I am not thirsty.- Neither is she/ She isnt, either (c y cng khng)

He cannot cook well. - Neither can I/ I cannot, either

EXCLAMATIONS

Cu cm thn c dng khi mun din t mt phn nn hoc khen ngi iu g.

1/- Cu cm thn dng vi What:

What + (a/an) + (adj) + noun!

Trong cu cm thn i khi c y cc thnh phn nh trn. A/an dng khi danh t trong cu l danh t m c s t.

Ex:

What a nice house!

What an interesting book!

What a day!

What boring stories!

2/- Cu cm thn dng vi How:

How + adj/adv + S + tobe/V !(Nu sau How l tnh t th ng t sau ch ng l ng t "Tobe", nu l trng t th ng t sau ch ng l ng t thng.)

Ex:

How beautiful she is!

How fast he runs!

How high this building is!

MAKING INVITATION

Cch t li mi1./ Mi, chp nhn li mi, t chi

a. Mi:

Would you like + to infinitive....?b. Chp nhn:Id love to. / OKc. T chi:Id love to but ...(+ li do t chi)

Sorry I cant + bare inf ...(+ li do chi). Thanks anyway.

Ex:

Would you like to come with us to the cafeteria?

Id love to

Would you like to come to my house for lunch?

Sorry I cant come. Im going to the movie theater. Thanks anyway.

Would you like to come with us for lunch?

Id love to but Im going to evening classes. Thanks anyway.

MODALS: SHOULD, OUGHT TO

Should, Ought to trong li khuyn1.. Should (nn): c dng a ra mt li khuyn khi chng ta mun khuyn ai lm g. ng t sau should l ng t nguyn th khng to

Ex:

You should go to school on time.

You should turn off the lights before leaving the office.

2.. khuyn ai khng nn lm g chng ta thm not sau should (shouldnt : khng nn)

Ex:

You shouldnt ride your bycicle in the school yard.

You shouldnt be impolite to your parents. (Bn khng nn v l vi b m)

3.. Chng ta cng c th dng ought to thay th cho should

You ought to go to school on time.

You ought not to ride your bycicle in the school yard.

Th ph nh ca ought to l ought not to

Ex:You ought not to disturb your father.

WHY & BECAUSECu hi Why v cu tr li vi Because1/- Why (ti sao) l trng t hi (interrogative adverb) hay cn gi l t hi (question word), c dng hi v l do.

2/- Because (bi v) l lin t (conjunction) dng tr li cu hi v l do bt u bng Why

Ex:

Why are you late all the time?I am late because I often stay up late.

Why did you buy these shoes?I bought them because I like them.

Why does she look so sad?

Because she has got bad news.

SPORTS

Cc mn th thaong t s dngmn th thaov d

Playbaseballbng rHe plays baseball

volleyballbng chuyn

table tennisbng bnTuan plays table tennis in the afternoon.

badmintoncu lng...

soccer/footballbng ...

tennisqun vt...

jogi bHe jogs every morning.

skipnhy dyLan usually skips at recess

doaerobicsth dc nhp iuHoa does aerobics.

goswimmingbiWe go swimming in the summer

skateboardingtrt vn

roller-skatingTrt patanh(giy c 4 bnh xe)

rollerbladingTrt patanh(giy c bnh dc theo giy)

LIKE & PREFER

Thch & Thch hn1/- LIKE (thch): c theo sau bi mt danh ng t (gerund) hoc mt ng t nguyn th c to (ton inf) m ngha ca n hu nh khng i.

Ex:I like drink coffee. I like to drink coffee.

Notes:

# Khi din t mt tt no (khng phi l iu thch th) th chng ta s dng like + to inf

Ex:I didnt like to complain. (I didnt complain because it wasnt a good idea)

I didnt like complaining. (I complained, but I didnt enjoy it)

2/- PREFER (thch hn)...prefernoun + to + noun

gerund 1 + to + gerund 2

to inf + rather than + bare inf

Ex:

I prefer apples to bananas.

I prefer watching TV to reading books.

I prefer to watch TV rather than read books

Note: Cc cu trc tng ngwould ratherbare inf + than + bare inf

bare inf + O1 + than + O2

likenoun + better than + noun

gerund 1 + better than + gerund 2

Ex:

Tom would rather read than talk.

Tom would rather read magazines than newspapers.

John likes beef better than chicken.

John likes reading better than talking.

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Trng t ch th cchI/- Cch dng: Trng t ch th cch c dng ni ln cch thc hnh ng ca mt ngi hay mt vt no . N c dng tr li cu hi How

II/- Cch thnh lp

1/- a s trng t ch th cch c thnh lp bng cch thm LY vo sau tnh t (adj)

Ex:careful (a) + ly = carefully (adv)

beautiful (a) + ly = beautifully (adv)

2/- Nhng tnh t tn cng l Y m trc l mt ph m ta i Y thnh I ri thm LY

Ex:heavy (a) + ly = heavily (adv)

angry (a) + ly = angrily (adv)

3/- Nhng tnh t tn cng l LE, ta b E v thm Y

Ex:noble (a) nobly (adv): mt cch cao qu.

terrible (a) terribly (adv)

4/- Nhng tnh t tn cng l E cm, ta ch vic thm LY vo.

Ex:extreme (a) extremely

unique (a) uniquely (adv): mt cch c nht

5/- Mt s trng t bt qui tc

Ex:good (a) well (adv)

fast (a) fast (adv)

III/- V tr ca trng t th cch

1/- Trng t th cch thng t sau ni ng t (intransitive verb)

Ex:She smiles coldly. (C y ci mt cch lnh lng)

2/- Trng t ch th cch c t sau tc t trc tip (direct object) ca mt ngoi ng t (transitive verb)

Ex:You must take the test quickly in order to finish in time.

(Bn phi lm bi kim tra nhanh ln cho kp gi)

Would you please give this letter directly to him.

(Xin bn vui lng a trc tip l th ny cho ng ta)

3/- Trng t ch th cch i lc c th ng gia ch ng v ng t nu chng ta mun nhn mnh ch ng ca ng t.

Ex:She angrily slammed the door. (C y gin gi ng sm ca li)

4/- Khi tc t trong cu qu di, hoc c mt mnh quan h, ta t trng t trc ng t.

Ex:The door quickly gave relief to the boy who had been hurt.

(Bc s nhanh chng lm gim au cho cu b b thng)

Note: khng c t trng t gia ng t v tc t.

5/- Trng t well v badly, khi c dng nh gi mt hnh ng, ch c th v tr cui cu hoc mt mnh .

Ex: Mr. Peter pays his staff very well. (ng Peter tr lng cho nhn vin ca mnh rt hu)D. PHN NG PHP LP 8ENOUGH with adjectives , adverbs and nounsEnough s dng vi tnh t, trng t v danh t

1/- Enough c dng vi tnh t v trng t. Enough ng sau tnh t v trng t, sau enough l mt ng t nguyn th c To

S + tobe + adj + enough + (for SB) + to infinitive

S + V + adv + enough + (for SB) + to infinitive

Note: SB l tn ng (O)

Ex:

I am old enough to drive a motorbike.

The weather is warm enough for us to go swimming

He runs fast enough to catch the bus.

Dng ph nh:

S + tobe not + adj + enough + (for SB) + to infinitive

S + dont/doesnt/didnt +V + adv + enough + (for SB) + to infinitive

Ex:

I am not old enough to drive a motorbike.

The weather is not warm enough for us to go swimming.

He doesnt run fast enough to catch the bus.

2/- Enough cng c dng vi danh t. Khi enough ng trc danh t.

S + V + enough + noun + (for SB) + to infinitive

Ex:

He has not enough money to buy that bike.

I have enough books to study.

There are enough books in the library for us to read.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

i t phn thnI/- nh ngha (Definition)

i t phn thn l i t c dng khi ngi hoc vt chu nh hng ca chnh hnh ng ca mnh.

II/- Cch thnh lp (Form)

i t phn thn c thnh lp bng cch thm tip v ng Self (s t) hoc Selves (s nhiu) vo sau mt tnh t s hu hoc i t tn ng.

My ( myself (chnh ti)

Our ( Ourselves

Your ( Yourself (Chnh bn, anh, ch...)Your ( Yourselves (Chnh cc bn, cc anh, cc ch...)

Her ( Herself (Chnh c y, ch y, b y)Them ( Themselves

Him ( Himself (Chnh anh y, ng y..)It ( Itself (Chnh n)

III/- Cch s dng (Uses): i t phn thn c dng khi:

1/- Ch ng v tn ng l cng mt i tng

Ex:He cut himself with a knife (T anh ta ct mnh)

He cut him with a knife. (Anh ta ct ngi khc)

2/- Ni ln chnh ngi lm ch khng phi ngi khc

Ex:I repaired the bicycle myself.

Sam painted the house himself.

Note: by myself c dng vi ngha mt mnh.

Ex:I do my homework by myself.

IV/- Bng tm tt

Personal pronouns

(i t nhn xng)Possessive adjectives

(Tnh t s hu)Objective pronouns

(i t tn ng)Reflexive pronouns

(i t phn thn)

IMyMeMyself

YouYourYouYourself

HeHisHimHimself

SheHerHerHerself

ItItsItItself

WeOurUsOurselves

YouYourYouYourselves

TheyTheirThemThemselves

MODALS: MUST & HAVE TOng t khim khuyt: Must v Have to1/- Must (phi): Chng ta dng must din t s bt buc hay cn thit. Din t mun ngi ni, buc ngi khc phi lm iu g . Must ch dng cho ngha hin ti v tng lai. ng t theo sau must l ng t nguyn th khng to

Ex:We havent got much time. We must hurry.

You can tell Lan what I said, but she must keep it secrect

You must go to school on time. (hin ti)

Tomorrow you must finish it. (tng lai)

Th ph nh ca must l dont/doesnt have to. Khng dng mustnt (khng c)

2/- Have to (phi): Dng khuyn bi ai lm g theo ch ca mnh. Have to c dng cho c hin ti, tng lai v qu kh (had to). ng t theo sau l mt ng t nguyn th khng c to

Ex:You have to study hard. (hin ti)

She will have to leave at dawn tomorrow. (tng lai)

Yesterday I had to do a lot of housework. (qu kh)

You must give up drinking alcohol.

I often have to wash up after a meal.

You have to go to work on time.

Ph nh ca have to l dontdoesnt/didnt have to

USED TO + V & BE USED TO + V_ingDin t thi quen vi used to1/- Used to + V ( tng) c dng ch mt thi quen trong qu kh nhng khng cn lin h n hin ti. ng t theo sau Used to l mt ng t nguyn th khng c to

Ex:

I used to smoke 10 years ago.

He used to live here.

Note: Dng ph nh ca Used to l didnt use to v dng nghi vn l Did...use to

Ex:

I didnt use to smoke 10 years ago.

Did they use to live here?

2/- Be used to + V_ing/noun (quen vi) c dng ni v mt thi quen.

Ex:

I am used to getting up early in the morning.

They are used to the weather here.

Notes:

a/- Ta c th dng Be accustomed to thay th cho Be used to

Ex:

I am accustomed to getting up early in the morning.

b/- Get used to v get accustomed to c dng thay th cho be used to hoc be accustomed to khi get c ngha l become

Ex:Bob moved to Alaska. After a while he got used to/accustomed to living in a cold climate.

(Bob chuyn n Alaska. Sau mt thi gian anh y quen sng vi kh hu lnh)

REPORTED SPEECH (1)

Commands, polite requests and advice

Li ni gin tip i vi cu mnh lnh, cu yu cu v li khuyn1/- Cu mnh lnh (commands):

S + told + (O) + (not) + to infinitive

Ex:

He said: sit down, please ( He told (us) to sit down.

Dont make noise! ( The teacher told (us) not to make noise.

2/- Cu yu cu lch s (Polite requests)

S + asked + (O) + to infinitive

Ex:

Can you open the door, please? ( He asked (me) to open the door.

3/- Li khuyn (advice)S + advised + (O) + (not) + to infinitive

Ex:You should turn off the lights, Mary Jane said

( Jane advised Mary to turn off the lights

You shouldnt smoke here Hoa said to me

( Hoa advised me not to smoke here.

GERUNDSDanh ng tI/- FORMATION (Cch thnh lp)

Danh ng t (gerund) c thnh lp bng cch thm ING sau ng t thng.

Ex:to go going;

to think thinking;

to read reading

II/- USES (cch dng)

1/- Subject (Danh ng t lm ch ng)

Ex:Going to the cinema is fun

Reading book is my hobby

2/- Stand after a preposition (ng sau gii t)

Ex:I am thinking about going camping in the mountain.

She is afraid of going there.

Mt s ng t v tnh t c gii t theo sau bi danh ng t.

To look forward to (trng mong); surprised at (ngc nhin); busy (bn rn); to insist on (khng khng, ni n); tobe interested in (thch th).

3/- Object (Danh ng t lm tn ng sau mt s ng t)

Ex:He lkes swimming.

I have finished doing my homework.

Mt s ng t c theo sau bi danh ng t:

To finish, to prevent (ngn cn), to avoid (trnh), to delay (hon li), to enjoy, to deny (chi b), to dislike, to consider (cn nhc), to imagine (tng tng), to risk (liu lnh), to support (ng h), to suggest ( ngh), to quit (t b).

III/- BNG TM TT MT S NG T C THEO SAU BI GERUND HOC (TO) INFINITIVE

1/- Sau mt s ng t chng ta dng hnh thc nguyn th c To (To infinitive). Chng ta cng c th t not trc to inf ch ngha ph nh.

Verbs

(ng t)Meaning

(ngha ting Vit)Examples

(V d)

S + V + to infinitive

affordc tin, thi gianI cant afford to buy that car

agreeng Everybody agree to help you.

appeardng nh

arrangesp xpI will arrage to meet you some day.

attemptc gngHe attempts to study hard this semester

beginbt uThe train begins to start at 6.00

carethch

choosechn

consentchp thun

decidequyt nhWe decided to buy that house

determinequyt nh

failkhng lm cShe failed to get the contract

forgetqunDont forget to send me a letter

happentnh c

hesitatedo d

hopehi vngI hope to see you again

loveyu

managexoay s cHe managed to get out of the car.

neglectl i

offercng hin

preparechun b

pretendgi vShe pretend to be my friend

promisehaI promise to help you

propose ngh

refuset chiThey refused to pay extra salary

regrethi ticI regret to tell her that

remembernhI remember to lock the door

seemdng nh

startbt u

swearth

tryc gngTry to work harder.

S + V + O + to infinitive Mt s ng t thng c Object i km

askyu cuI ask my brother to help me with homework.

advisekhuynThe doctor advises patients to give up smoking

allowcho phpMy father allows me to go to the theater tonight.

bearchu ng

begvan xin

causegy ra

commandra lnh

compelbt buc

encouragekhuyn khchUniforms encourage students to be confident.

expectmong i

forbidcm

forcecng bc

getbt lm

hateght

helpgip Hoa helps me (to) do the housework.

instructch dy

intendnh

invitemiJohn invited me to take part in his party.

leavegiao cho

likethch

meannh

needcn

obligebt buc

orderra lnh

permitcho phpMy father permits me to go to the theater tonight.

persuadethuyt phc

preferthch hn

pressp, vt

recommendgii thiu

requestthnh cu

remindnhc nh

teachdy

tellni, bo

temptxi gic

troublegy phin

wantmunMy mother wants me to be a teacher

warncnh bo

wishmun

2/- Sau mt s ng t chng ta s dng danh ng t (Gerund): hnh thc thm ing. Chng ta cng c th t not trc gerund ch ngha ph nh.

Verbs

(ng t)Meaning

(ngha ting Vit)Examples

(V d)

S + V + Gerund

admittha nhn

advisekhuyn

allowcho phpHe is allowed sitting here

anticipated on

appreciatenh gi cao

avoidtrnhWe start early to avoid getting traffic jam.

confessth nhn

considerxem xt

delaytr hon

denychiHe denied stealing the money

detestgh tm

dislikekhng thch

enjoythch thWe enjoy watching cartoons.

escapetrn khi

excusetha li

facei din

fancymunFancy seeing you here

finishlm xongI have finished doing the test

give upt bHe has given up smoking

imaginetng tng

involvei hi phi

justifychng t

keep ontip tcThe bus keeps on running

leave offngng

mention cp

mindphin lng

missb l

permitcho php

postponetr hon

practicethc hnhYou should practice speaking English everyday.

put offtr hon

quitb

recommend ngh

resentpht lng

resistkhng khng

resumeli tip tc

riskliu lnh

savecu khi

toleratechp nhn

suggest nghThey suggest going to the beach.

recollecthi tng

pardontha th

cant resitkhng cng ni

cant standkhng chu niI cant stand laughing

cant helpkhng nhn niI cant help laughing

understandhiu

Gerund dng sau tt c cc gii t v mt s cm t sau

be worthxng ngIts worth buying. (ng mua)

its no usev chIts no use teaching her. (Dy c y ch c v ch)

its no goodv ch

theres nokhng

be used toquen viI am used to stay up late (ti quen thc khuya)

get used totr nn quen

look forward tomong ngngI am looking forward to seeing you soon

in addition tothm vo

object tophn iEveryone objects to building a new hotel here

confess toth nhnFred confessed to stealing the jewels

be opposed tophn khng

take tobt u quenHe took to dinking. (Anh ta nhim thi quen ung ru)

face up tochp nhn ng u

admit toth nhn

3/- Mt s ng t dng vi c to inf v gerund (ing form). Ngha ca chng s khc nhau.

Verbs

(ng t)To inf/ V-ingMeaning

(ngha ting Vit)Examples

(V d)

remember

forget

regretV-ingCh hnh ng

xy ra riI dont remember posting the letter.

(ti khng nh l gi th ri)

remember

forget

regretto infCh hnh ng

cha xy raI must remember to post the letter.

(Ti phi nh gi l th cha gi)

meanV-ingc ngha lHaving a party tonight will mean working extra hard tomorrow

to infc nhI mean to work harder

proposeV-ing nghI propose waiting till the police get here

to infc nhI propose to start tomorrow

go onV-ingvn tip tc cng tiHe went on talking about his accident

to inftip tc nhng ti khcHe went on to talk about his accident

stopV-ingngng vic ang lmShe stopped singing (c y ngng ht)

to infngng lm vic khcShe stopped to sing (c y ngng ht)

tryV-ingch s th nghimIve got a terrible headache. I tried taking an aspirin but it didnt help.

to infch s c gngI was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldnt

like

hate

preferV-ingCh ngha tng qutI dont like waking up so early as this.

(Ti khng thch dy sm)

like

hate

preferto infch hnh ng c bit dp nyI dont like to wake him up so early as this

(Ti khng mun nh thc anh y dy sm nh th ny)

COMPARISONS (2): Equality and doubleSo snh bng v so snh kpI/- So snh ngang bng (equal comparisons): i vi so snh ngang bng chng ta s dng tnh t ngn v di u nh nhau.S1 + be + as + adj + as + S2(n/pron)

Ex:- I am as tall as my father.

# cu ph nh (khng bng) ta thm not sau ng t tobe. Trong trng hp ny ta c th thay as trc tnh t bng so.

S 1 + be not + as/so + adj + as + S2(n/pron)

Ex:She is not as/so beautiful as her mother.

II/- So snh kp (double comparisons)L loi so snh vi cu trc: Cng... cng... Cc Adj so snh phi ng u cu, trc chng phi c The. Dng mt trong hai mu cu sau y so snh kp:

The + comparative + S + be/V, the + comparative + S + be/V(comparative: hnh thc so snh hn)Ex:The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.

The sooner you take your medicince, the better you will feel.

The bigger they are, the faster they fall.

The more you study, the smarter you will become.

The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you.Trong trng hp nu c hai v u c ch ng gi it is th c th b chng i

MODALS: MAY, CAN, COULDng t khim khuyt: May, Can v CouldI/- May (c th) c dng ni v mt s vic hoc tnh hung c th xy ra hin ti hay tng lai.

Ex:Theres someone at the door. It may be Sarah. (perhaps it is Sarah)

# Dng ph nh ca May l May not

Ex:Simon may not be in the living-room. (Perhaps he is not in the living room)

# May c dng ch s ngh, xin php lm mt vic g.

Ex:May I make a suggestion?

May I help you?

# p li li ngh

Yes/No, thanks/thank you

Yes. Thats very kind of you.

No, thanks/thank you. Im fine

2/- Can (c th) dng din t mt kh nng

Ex:He can play the guitar.

I can use computer.

# Chng ta c th dng be able to thay cho can

Ex:Are you able to swim? = Can you swim?

# Can c dng din t s xin php hoc cho php lm mt vic g.

Ex:Can I borrow your dictionary?

Can I use your pen for a moment?

# Dng ph nh ca can l cannot/cant

3/- Could (c th) l hnh thc qu kh ca Can

Ex:I could swim when I was 4 years old.

My sister could talk when she was 15 months old.

# Chng ta c th dng was/were able to thay th cho Could

Ex:I was able to swim when I was 4 years old.

# Could cn c dng din t mt s vic hoc mt tnh hung c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai.

Ex: Wheres Simon?.He could be in the living-room

# Could c th c dng din t cc li yu cu.

Ex:Could I have the bill, please?

Could you pass me the newspaper, please?

Could you give me some advice?

4/- May, Can, Could cn c dng hi xin s gip (Asking for favours)

Ex:Can/Could you help me, please?

Could you do me a favor?

# p li:

Certainly/of course/Sure (tt nhin)

How can I help you?

No problem

Im sorry. Im really busy

What can I do for you?

COMPARISON WITH LIKE, THE SAME AS, DIFFERENT FROMSo snh vi like, the same as v different from1/- Like (prep) + n/pron: ging nh

Ex:You should have done it like this.

2/- As (conj) + a clause: ging nh

Ex:You should have done it as I showed you.

3/- As (prep) + n: khi as l gii t th sau n cng l mt danh t. Trong trng hp ny n dng din t ngha c tht trong khi like din t ngha khng tht.

Ex:During the war this hotel was used as a hospital.

Everyone is ill at home. Our house is like a hospital.

4/- S + V + (not) the same + (n) + as + n/pron: (khng) ging nh

Ex:My house is not the same as your house/yours

Your pen is the same as mine.

5/- Different from: khc vi

S + be + different fromPoss adj + n

Noun phrase

Poss pron

Clause

Notes:

Poss adj: tnh t s hu

Noun phrase: cm danh t

Poss pron: i t s hu

Clause: mnh

Ex:

Your house is different from my house/mine

MODAL WILL TO MAKE REQUESTS, OFFERS, PROMISES

ng t tnh thi Will dng a ra li yu cu, ngh, li haWill c dng trong mt s trng hp c bit sau

1/- Offers (ng sn lng mun gip ai lm g)

Ex:That bag looks heavy. Ill help you with it.

I need some money. Dont worry! Ill lend you some.

2/- Promises (ha hn lm iu g)

Ex:I promise I wont tell anyone what you said.

Thank you for your lending me the money. Ill pay you back soon.

3/- Requests (Yu cu ai lm g)

Ex:Will you shut the door, please? (Bn lm n ng ca li nh)

Will you please wait for me here? (Vui lng i mnh y nh)

--***--PASSIVE FORMS

Th b ngI/- Th b ng c s dng trong nhng trng hp sau:

Khi chng ta khng bit ai thc hin hnh ng hoc cng khng qu quan trng phi bit hnh ng c thc hin bi ai.

Ex: My briefcase was stolen last night. (I dont know who stole it.)

Khi chng ta nhn mnh vo bn thn hnh ng ch khng nhn mnh ch th gy ra hnh ng.

Ex: My hair is being done by the hairdresser.

II/- Cch chuyn t cu ch ng (active) sang cu b ng (passive):

Ly tn ng ca cu ch ng lm ch ng cho cu b ng

ng t chnh trong cu ch ng chuyn xung thnh qu kh phn t.

Trc qu kh ng t ta thm ng t tobe. (th ca ng t tobe ph thuc vo th ca ng t chnh)

Khi mun nhn mnh tc nhn (agent) gy nn hnh ng ta dng by + agent. (ch ng ca cu ch ng chuyn xung thnh tn ng (O) cho cu b ng.

S tm tt nh sau:

Active + +

Passive + + + +

Ch : khi cu ch ng c 2 tn ng: tn ng trc tip (DO) v tn ng gin tip (IO) th chng ta chuyn thnh 2 cch.

III/- Cch chuyn c th cho tng th (tenses)

1. Th hin ti n

Ex: - They watch television everyday.

The television is watched everyday (by them)

- He reads a book every evening.

A book is read every evening (by him)

2. Th hin ti tip din

Ex:- They are eating bananas at the moment.

Bananas are being eaten at the moment (by them)

3. Th hin ti hon thnh

Ex: - They have bought a new house.

A new house has been bought (by them)

4. Th qu kh n

Ex:- Nam did his homework last night.

His homework was done by Nam last night.5. Th qu kh tip din

Ex:- Lan was watching television at 8.00 last night.

The television was being watched by Lan at 8.00 last night

6. Th qu kh hon thnh

Ex:- I had locked the door before I left the house

The door had been locked (by me) before I left the house

7. Th tng lai n

Ex:

- He

will

buy that house next month

That house will be bought next month (by him)

8. Cu b ng vi be going to

Ex:- Hung is going to buy that car next week

That car is going to be bought next week by Hung9. Cu b ng vi ng t khim khuyt

Ex:- They can

do this work.

This work can be done (by them)10. Cu b ng vi NEED

S + need(s) + V + O

S + need(s) + to be + PPor: S + need(s) + V-ing

Ex:- He needs repair this bicycle.

This bicycle needs to be repaired/ This bicycle needs repairingIV/- Cu b ng c bit

Trng hp b ng ny thng c s dng vi cc ng t ch quan im nh: believe, know, say, report, think, rumour

People

They

Everybodybelieve

say

think

report

rumour

thatclause (S2 + V)

(Ittobebelieved

said

thought

reported

rumoured

thatclause (S2 + V)

(S2tobebelieved

said

thought

reported

rumoured

to infinitive

to have + PP

Note: Th ca ng t tobe c chia theo th ca ng t chnh trong cu ch ng.

Ex: People believe that David left New Zealand last week.

It is believe that David left New Zealand last week.

David is believed to have left New Zealand last week.

They think that he is crazy.

It is thought that he is crazy

He is thought to be crazy

11. Cu b ng vi HAVE GET (causative form th sai khin)

S + have/get + O(st) + PP + (by + agent)

Ex:I have/get my hair cut by hairdresser.

He had/got his car washed yesterday.

S + have + O(sb) + bare infinitive

S + get + O(sb) + to infinitive

Ex: I have my brother do my homework.

I get my brother to do my homework.

THE ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE AND A NOUN CLAUSE

Tnh t theo sau bi mt ng t nguyn th v mt mnh danh t

I/- The adjective followed by an infinitive (Tnh t c theo sau bi mt ng t nguyn th)

a s tnh t c ng t nguyn m theo sau. S kt hp gia tnh t v ng t nguyn mu lm cho ngha ca cu c sinh ng hn.

S + linking verb/be + adj + to inf

Note: linking verb l ng t ch tnh thi, cm gic nh: feel, taste, look...

Ex:Its difficult to follow your directions. (Tht kh theo ch dn ca bn)

He is difficult to understand. (Anh tht kh hiu)

Some words are impossible to translate. (Mt vi t kh c th dch)

II/- The adjective followed by a noun clause. (Tnh t c theo sau bi mnh danh t)

Chng ta dng mnh ph danh t (that clause) ng sau mt s tnh t. Trong vn thn mt, that c th c b i.

S + be + adj + (that) + clause

Nhng tnh t thng gp l:

Afraid (s), happy, essential (cn thit), worried (lo lng), determined (quyt nh), certain (chc chn), convinced (tin chc), annoyed (hi gin), conscious (tnh, c thc, bit c), horrified (kinh ngc, ngc nhin), eager (ho hc), glad (vui), proud (t ho), aware (thy rng, nhn ra), amused (vui thch), delighted (vui thch), sorry (tic), impatient (thiu kin nhn, nn nng), pleased (hi lng), willing (sn lng), confident (t tin, tin chc), anxious (lo lng, khng thoi mi, khao kht), sure (chc chn), surprised (ngc nhin)...

Ex:We were surprised (that) she came.

It is essential (that) they should be told at once.

_ED AND _ING PARTICIPLE

Qu kh phn t v hin ti phn t1/- Present participle (_ing participle) Hin ti phn t c thnh lp cch thm _ing vo ng t nguyn th, chng c dng nh mt tnh t. Mang ngha ch ng.

Ex:- surprising, exciting, boring, interesting...

Chng ta dng hin ti phn t khi mt vt hoc mt ngi gy ra nh hng i vi mt vt hay mt ngi khc.

Ex:Last night I watched an interesting film.

Hoa finds English interesting.

2/- Past participle (_ed participle) Qu kh phn t c thnh lp bng cch thm ed sau ng t nguyn th, chng cng c dng nh mt tnh t. Mang ngha b ng.

Ex:- surprised, excited, bored, interested...

Chng ta dng qu kh phn t khi mt vt hoc mt ngi chu nh hng i vi mt vt hoc mt ngi khc.

Ex:I am tired because I work all day

Jane is bored because her job is boring.

Tom is interested in maths.

3/- Mt s cp tnh t tn cng l ed v ing thng gp

interested/ interesting, excited/ exciting (hay, l th, ho hng), amused/ amusing (vui th), amazed/ amazing (sng st, kinh ngc), astonished/ astonishing (kinh ngc, ngc nhin), surprised/ surprising (ngc nhin), satisfied/ satisfying (hi lng), embarrased/ embarrasing (lng tng, xu h), confused/ confusing (bi ri), frightened/ frightening (hong s), worried/ worrying (lo lng)...

WOULD/ DO YOU MIND...?

Cu yu cu vi Would/Do you mind...?1/- Would/ Do you mind + V_ing...? (Bn lm n (lm) gip ti (iu g) c khng?)

Cu trc ny c dng ngh ai lm iu g mt cch lch s.

Ex:Would/ Do you mind opening the door, please?

Would/ Do you mind turning on the radio?

2/- Would you mind if I + V(simple past)...? ; Do you mind if I + V(simple present)...?

Cu trc ny c dng xin php khi chng ta mun lm mt vic g mt cch lch s.

Ex:Would you mind if I closed the windows?

Would you mind if I used your phone?

Do you mind if I use your motorbike?

3/- Tr li cu yu cu vi Would/Do you mind...?

a/- Nu khng thy phin ta c th ni

Please do. (bn c lm i)

No. Not at all. (khng sao c)

Never mind/ youre welcome. (khng sao)

No. Of course not. ( d nhin l khng phin g c)

No. That would be fine. ( khng bn c lm i)

No. Id be happy to do. (khng. Ti rt vui khi c lm c iu )

No. Id be glad to. (khng. Ti rt vui khi c lm c iu )

b/- Nu cm thy phin, ta c th ni

Id rather/ prefer you didnt. (bn khng lm th tt hn)

REPORTED SPEECH (2): Statements

Li ni gin tip vi cu k

1/- Cch chuyn t li ni trc tip sang li ni gin tip i vi cu k:

Vit li mnh chnh (mnh nm ngoi du ngoc kp)

Thay i cc i t nhn xng, i t s hu, i t tn ng, tnh t s hu cho ph hp.

Thay i cc trng t ch thi gian, ni chn cho ph hp.

Nu ng t mnh chnh th qu kh, th khi chuyn sang li ni gin tip ng t mnh ph (mnh nm trong du ngoc kp) phi thay i.

2/- Bng thay i cc trng t ch thi gian, ni chn v th (tenses) ca ng t

DIRECTINDIRECT

Adverbs of place and time (trng t ch thi gian, a im)

nowthen

todaythat day

agobefore

tomorrowthe next day/ the following day

yesterdaythe previous day/ the day before

the day after tomorrowin two days time

the day before yesterdaytwo days before

next week/month/yearthe following week/month/year

last week/month/yearthe previous week/month/year

the week/month/year before

thisthat

thesethose

this (pron)it

herethere

tonight(on) that night

Tenses (thay i th)

Hin ti n (simple present)Qu kh n (simple past)

Hin ti tip din (Pres continuous)Qu kh tip din (Pas continuous)

Hin ti hon thnh (Pres perfect)Qu kh hon thnh (Pas perfect)

Qu kh n (simple past)Qu kh hon thnh (Pas perfect)

Qu kh tip din (Pas Continuous)Qu kh hon thnh tip din (had been + V-ing)

Qu kh hon thnh (Pas perfect)Qu kh hon thnh (Pas perfect)

Tng lai n (Simple Future)Tng lai qu kh (would/should + V)

Am/ Is/ Are going to + VWas/ Were going to + V

Can/mayCould/might

Have to/MustHad to

Cc t khng i: should, would, had better, ought to, might, used to

3/- Mt s v d:

She said, I live in this house She said (that) she lived in that house

Lan said We are studying English now

Lan said (that) they were studying English then.

Mary said I bought a new camera yesterday

Mary said (that) she had bought a new camera the previous day/ the day before.

He said I have finished my work He said (that) he had finished his work.

John said, I will help you John said (that) he would help me.

I am going to meet her, he said. He said (that) he was going to meet her.

I cant find my watch, she said. She said (that) she couldnt find her watch.

I have to write the report, the manager said.

The manager said (that) he had to write the report.

Ch : Khi tng thut mt chn l (truth), hoc s vic vn cn ng nh khi tc gi ni th (tense) vn gi nguyn.

Ex:- The earth goes around the sun

Galileo proved that the earth goes around the sun.

REPORTED SPEECH (3): Yes/No questionsLi ni gin tip vi cu hi Yes/NoCch chuyn t li ni trc tip sang li ni gin tip i vi cu hi Yes/No tng t nh i vi cu k, nhng thm cc iu kin sau:

Thm If hoc Whether ngay sau mnh chnh.

B du hi mnh ph v i trt t t ca cu hi sang trt t t ca cu kEx:- Have you bought your ticket, Tom? Bill asked.

Bill asked if/whether Tom had bought his ticket.

Do you want to buy this book? he asked me.

He asked me if/whether I wanted to buy that book.

--***--E. PHN NG PHP LP 9

WISH

Cu cng t wish c dng din t mt iu c, mt mong c tri vi thc t.1/- Cu c hin ti (Present wish)

S + wish + (that) + S + V (simple past)

Note: ng t tobe chng ta dng were cho tt c cc ngi

Ex:I wish I knew how to fly an airplane.

I wish I had a lot of friends at school.

He wish he were a pilot.

2/- Cu c qu kh (Past wish)S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect + PP

could have + PP

Ex:I wish I had gone to the theater with you last night.

I wish that we could have been at your house last night.3/- Cu c tng lai (future wish)S + wish + (that) + S + could/would + VWere + V_ing

Ex:We wish that you could come to the party tonight

I wish you would stop saying that.

She wishes that she were coming with us.ADVERB CLAUSES (1): RESULT

Mnh ph trng ng ch kt qu

1/- Mnh trng ng dng vi SO: v vy, do

Ex:Hoa worked hard, so she passed her exam.

It was hot, so I turned on the air conditioner.

2/- Mnh trng ng dng vi so/such...that: ...n ni m...

a/- So + adj/adv + that

Ex:Jim is so intelligent that he always understands what I say.

They sing so beautifully that everyone wants to listen them.

b/- Such + noun + that

Ex:She is such a good student that all the teachers like her.

They are such beautiful pictures that I want to buy them all.

3/- Mnh trng ng dng vi so much/many/few/little + noun + that

a/- So much/little + uncountable noun + that: nhiu/t ...n ni m...

Ex:I have so much money that I dont know what to do with it.

There is so little water that I cant take a tablet

b/- So many/few + plural countable noun + that: nhiu/t...n ni m...

Ex:There are so many students that I cant count them all

She has so few relatives that she doesnt have anyone to ask for help.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (1): Type 1Cu iu kin loi 1

Cu iu kin l cu gm c 2 phn: Mt phn nu ln iu kn ca hnh ng (gi mnh ph - if clause) v mt phn nu ln kt qu ca hnh ng (gi l mnh chnh main clause) 1. Cch dng (Use): Cu iu kin loi 1 c dng din t mt hnh ng c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai.

2. Hnh thc (Form)

IF CLAUSEMAIN CLAUSE

Present tenses (tobe, simple, perfect, continuous) Simple Future

Imperative forms

Modal verbs (in present)

Ch thch:

mnh If-clause ng t dng th hin ti (tobe, hin ti n, hon thnh, tip din)

ng t mnh chnh dng th tng lai n, cu mnh lnh, cc ng t khim khuyt hin ti (can, must, have to, need, should)

Ex: If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.

If the baby is sleeping, dont make noise.

If he has enough money, he can buy that house.

REPORTED SPEECH (4): Wh-questionsLi ni gin tip vi cu hi c t hi1/- Cch chuyn t li ni trc tip sang li ni gin tip i vi cu hi c t hi:

Vit li mnh chnh (mnh nm ngoi du ngoc kp)

Thay i cc i t nhn xng, i t s hu, i t tn ng, tnh t s hu cho ph hp.

Thay i cc trng t ch thi gian, ni chn cho ph hp.

Thm t hi (wh-word) ngay sau mnh chnh. Lc ny t hi tr thnh lin t ch khng phi l t hi. B du hi mnh ph v i trt t t ca cu hi sang trt t t ca cu k Nu ng t mnh chnh th qu kh, th khi chuyn sang li ni gin tip ng t mnh ph (mnh nm trong du ngoc kp) phi thay i.

2/- Bng thay i cc trng t ch thi gian, ni chn v th (tenses) ca ng t

(xem phn Reported Speech 2 lp 8)

Ex:- Who has been using my computer? my father said.

My father asked who had been using his computer.

She asked Where are you going for your summer holiday?

She asked where I was going for my summer holiday.

TAG QUESTIONS

Cu hi uiCu hi ui l phn hi c thm vo phn cui ca mt cu. Chng ta dng cu hi ui mun bit cu tr li chc chn hoc mong ch mt cu tr li ng .

I/- i vi ng t thng (ordinary verbs)

1. Cu gii thiu khng nh, phn hi ui ph nh.

S + V(s/es/ed/2).., dont/doesnt/didnt + S?

Ex:- You like coffee, dont you?

He reads newspapers every evening, doesnt he?

They watched TV last night, didnt they?

2. Cu gii thiu ph nh, phn hi ui khng nh

S + dont/ doesnt/didnt + V.., do/does/did + S?

Ex:- You dont like coffee, do you?

He doesnt read newspapers every evening, does he?

They didnt watched TV last night, did they?

II/- i vi ng t c bit (special): l cc ng t khi chuyn sang cu ph nh ta thm NOT vo sau ng t, khi chuyn sang nghi vn a chnh ng t ny ln trc ch ng.

1. Cu gii thiu khng nh, phn hi ui ph nh.

S + special verb.., special verb + not + S?Ex:- You are a student, arent you?

She has just bought a new bicycle, hasnt she?

2. Cu gii thiu ph nh, phn hi ui khng nh

S + special verb + not.., special verb + S?Ex:- You arent a student, are you?

She hasnt bought a new bicycle, has she?

III/- i vi ng t khim khuyt (modal verbs)

1. Cu gii thiu khng nh, phn hi ui ph nh.

S + modal verb., modal verb + not + S?

Ex:- He can speak English, cant he?

Lan will go to Hue next week, wont she?

2. Cu gii thiu ph nh, phn hi ui khng nh

S + modal verb + not., modal verb + S?

Ex: - He cant speak English, can he?

Lan wont go to Hue next week, will she?

IV/- Mt s ch i vi cu hi ui

1. Cu hi ui ca I am l arent I

Ex:I am a student, arent I

2. Cu hi ui ca Lets l shall we

Ex:Lets go for a picnic, shall we?

3. Ch ng l Everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody cu hi ui l they

Ex:Somebody wanted a drink, didnt they?

Nobody phoned, did they?

4. Ch ng l nothing th cu hi ui dng it

Ex:Nothing can happen, cant it?

5. Trong cu c cc trng t ph nh v bn ph nh nh: never, seldom, hardly, scarely, little th cu c xem nh l cu ph nh phn hi ui s dng khng nh

Ex:- He seldom drinks wine, does he?

ADVERB CLAUSES (2): REASONMnh trng ng ch nguyn nhnMnh ph trang ng ch nguyn nhn dng tr li cu hi Why, v thng c gii thiu bi because, as, since, now that, seeing that, for

1/- As, seeing that, since: thng nm u cu

Ex:As he was such a fool I refused to listen to him

Seeing that we are all here we might as well begin.

2/- Nu guyn do l mt rt quan trng, ta t because gia cu.

Ex:I went there because I was told

3/- For khng c t u cu.

Ex:We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.

4/- Khi nguyn do l mt iu hin nhin hoc bit ri, ta thng dng As

Ex:As you are here you can give me some help.

5/- Khi tr li cu hi, ta dng Because, khng dng As

Ex:Why did you go?- I went because Tom told me to go.

CONNECTIVEST ni1/- T ni AND c dng ni hai thnh phn cng loi ca cu. (danh t, ng t, tnh t, trng t..)

Ex:He has a house and a dog.

She sang and danced happily.

They are pretty and intelligent.

2/- T ni BUT dng gii thiu mt t, mt cm t hay mt mnh tng phn li t, cm t hay mnh c ni trc trong cu.

Ex:By the end of the day he was tired but happy.

She was poor but she was honnest.

3/- T ni HOWEVER dng gii thiu mt cu tng phn vi nhng g ni trc , however c th ng u cu hoc tch ra gia hai cu bng hai du chm phy.

Ex:Na is very tired. However, she has to finish her homework before she goes to bed.

4/- T ni OR

+ Dng nu ln mt kh nng khc ca cc thnh phn cng loi trong cu.

Ex:Is it a boy or a girl?

Do you go to school in the morning or afternoon.

+ Dng trong cu ph nh khi cp n hai hay nhiu th khc nhau.

Ex:He cant read or write.

There are people without homes, jobs or family.

5/- T ni SO

+ Dng ch l do

Ex:I felt sleepy so I went to bed.

+ Dng ch kt qu

Ex: Its raining, so I cant go to the beach.

+ Dng ch mc ch.

Ex:I will give you a map so you wont get lost.

6/- T ni THEREFORE dng gii thiu kt qu hp logic ca mt ci g c cp n trc .

Ex:Hoa failed her math test. Therefore, she has to do the test again.

PHRASAL VERBS

Ng ng t

Ng ng t l nhng ng t c gii t i theo sau hay cn gi l ng t 2 ch. Sau y l mt s ng ng t c s dng trong ting Anh 9

1/- TURN ON: bt (in, n, qut)

Ex:Would you mind if I turned the TV on?

2/- TURN OFF: tt (in, n, qut)

Ex:Please turn off the light before going to bed.

3/- LOOK FOR: tm kim

Ex:What are you looking for?

- I am looking for my watch.

4/- LOOK AFTER: chm sc, trng nom, chu trch nhim v chuyn g.

Ex:Hanh cant go to the movies with us tonight. She will have to look after her little sister.

5/- GO ON: tip tc

Ex:If we go on wasting water, there will be a shortage of fresh water in a few decades.

Bng mt s ng ng t khc

Phrasal verbsMeaningExamples

call backgi li

call offhy b

call ongh thm

catch up (with)bt kp

check in/intong k vo khch sn

check outri khch sn

come acrosstnh c gp

do overlm li

fill outin vo (n)

get along (with)ha hp, hi lng

get backquay v

get in/intovo (xe)

get offra khi (xe, tu...)

get overphc hi

get throughkt thc

get upthc dy

give backtr li

give upt b

go overxem li, ktra cn thn

grow upln ln

have onmc, mang

keep outkhng vo

look afterchm sc, trng nom

look intoiu tra

look out (for)cn thn

look overxem li, ktra cn thn

look uptra cu

name after/fort tn theo ai

pass awaycht

pick outchn

pick upn

put awayct i

put backtr li ch c

put offhon li

put onmc qun o

put up withchu ng

run into/acrosstnh c gp

ru