P E R S P E C T I V E

NGO overview and trends

Energy, Environment & Climate Change Practice

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Agenda

•  Primary NGO model

•  Four perspectives

•  Climate change/environmental trends

•  NGOs are Big Business

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Primary NGO model

Membership

Fundraising Advocacy & Engagement

CAMPAIGNS

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Four perspectives “[Focusing on brands] was like discovering gunpowder for environmentalists”

- Greenpeace activist

“Different NGOs have different skills. The good cop, bad cop routine works really well. Where we agree on the overall objective, WWF will often go in the back door to work with companies behind the scenes, while other groups create the pressure by banging on the front door”

- James Peck, WWF-UK

“If you’re not at the table, you’re on the menu”

- James Smith, Shell UK

“If the obstacles…are partly the failure of ‘markets’ to develop and commercialise technologies, or for governments to regulate to require them, then maybe that is where, for instance, the climate campaign effort should go. So long as business continues as usual, the signal that this really is an emergency, is never sent. Saying so doesn’t do it”.

- Chris Rose

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Overview – climate change

•  NGO community at high level quite divided over climate change response

•  Idealists/activists currently dominate

•  Increasing power and role of the anti-corporate campaigners

•  WWF and Greenpeace are increasingly the good guys (and desperate to find business allies)

Trends in obstruction tactics

•  Legislation – barriers to commercialisation

•  Litigation – court rulings to force regulators to impose CO2 limits in decisions or application of law

•  Finance institutions – apply pressure to enforce Equator Principles in project funding

•  Shareholder activism

•  Precautionary principle

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Working in coalition on climate change

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Climate change – growing activism

Didcot power station July 06

Drax power station August 06

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Many NGOs are big businesses

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Who are these guys?

•  Oldest, most powerful US environmental lobby •  Initially focused on creating national parks, took

broader/more activist route under Paul Brower (Exec Director 1952-1969 – who later founded Friends of the Earth)

•  Claims 750,000 members in US alone •  Annual income @ $100m – substantial support

from Pew and other charitable foundations •  Carl Pope, present ED, highly influential, longtime

campaigner •  Strong, active and occasionally militant student

wing

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•  Founded by Paul Watson 1971 in Canada in response to offshore underground nuclear testing

•  Tradition of non-violent ‘bearing witness’ has given way to more confrontational approaches since the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior

•  Based in NL, network of 41 country-based sections with broad autonomy –  Specific sector groups (eg, toxics) operate as cells

•  Claims 2.8 million supporters •  Income @ $160m from individuals and foundations •  Open to cooperation with business/industry •  Frequently scans for new local causes to embrace •  Gert Leopold (ED) longtime campaigner

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•  Founded 1971 (following David Brower’s split from Sierra Club over nuclear power priority)

•  70 country organisations and 15 affiliates – also organised in local groups in countries

•  Worldwide membership 2,000,000+ •  Global income not disclosed but $10m UK alone •  Very influential in UK politics, Brussels •  Like WWF, also does significant conservation work •  On occasion, direct confrontation •  Tony Juniper, Vice-Chair, highly influential •  Had 20 campaigners ‘working the floor and media’

at 2005 Montreal Summit

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•  Established 1961 •  International Secretariat in Gland, offices in 40 countries –

specialist lobbying units in Brussels, DC •  Membership not declared but premier environmental

organisation with significant conservation works programme around the world

•  Annual income @ $110m – 50% from individuals, ∼20% from aid agencies, balance from government, industry & foundations

•  International President= former Commonwealth SG •  Professor Emeritus = HRH Duke of Edinburgh •  James Leape, DG = environmental lawyer, previously

UNEP, David & Lucille Packard Foundation •  Most willing INGO to partner with business

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•  Founded 1961 •  Has broadened its mandate to campaigning

against human rights abuses by targeted large companies (eg., 2004 Dow Chemical re Bhopal)

•  1.8 million members/supporters in 150 countries, national sections in 58 countries, more than 780 local, youth,specialist and professional groups

•  Annual income $62m – mostly members, donors and foundations

•  Willing to partner with businesses but highly selective

•  Irene Khan, SG, previously with UNHCR in a variety of senior roles

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•  Founded 1982 •  Focuses on research and policy instruments for

institutional change •  Highly regarded and widely influential •  Staff of 120 scientists, economists, policy experts,

business and statistical analysts, and communicators

•  Annual budget $20m from foundations, governments, corporate and individual donors

•  Jonathan Lash, President since 1993, co-chaired President Clinton’s Council on Sustainable Development –  Launched Ecomagination with GE CEO Jeff Immelt

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•  Founded 1989 •  Focuses on encouraging companies and

institutions to incorporate environmental and social challenges into day-to-day decision making

•  ~30 staff, President Mindy Lubber previously Regional Director, US EPA

•  Key achievements: –  GRI reporting frameworks –  Investor Network on Climate Risk –  10-point climate consensus between 500 analysts, SRIs,

governments etc –  Commitments secured from Nike and other large brands

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Tightening rules….

•  Investment community –  Coordinated NGO activity to

persuade signatories to comply with the Equator Principles

–  Institutional investors increasingly taking carbon emissions into consideration

•  Economics of insurance –  Already having to deal with

impacts (eg., Katrina) –  Anticipatory pricing to

account for future liabilities •  Global litigation

–  Climate Justice (ex FoE) and Sierra Club especially

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Further restrictions likely..

SEC under pressure to require full corporate climate risk disclosure by US environmentalists and state officials:

•  publicly-traded companies to assess and fully disclose their financial risks from climate change

•  closer scrutiny of the adequacy climate disclosures under existing law

Institutional members have $4 trillion in assets under investment