newton’s laws. newton’s first law of motion “every object continues in its state of rest, or...
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Newton’s Laws
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Newton’s First Law of Motion
• “Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state of motion by forces impressed upon it ”
• The tendency of matter to maintain its state of motion is known as INERTIA.
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Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Inertia prevents an object at rest from moving spontaneously or an object in uniform linear motion from changing its speed or direction spontaneously.
• Force is simply a push or a pull.
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Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Changes in motion do not happen spontaneously.
• Example: 1) Tablecloth under dishes
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Newton’s First Law of Motion
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity: whether in motion or motionless.
These pumpkins will not move unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
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Forces
• Usually think of a force as a push or pull• Vector quantity• May be a contact force or a field force
• Contact forces result from physical contact between two objects
• Field forces act between disconnected objects• Also called “action at a distance”
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Contact Forces…
• Contact forces are forces which exert a push or pull (interact) while touching.
• Examples:• frictional forces, • tensional forces, • air resistance forces, • applied forces (e.g., pushes or pulls).
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Action at a Distance Forces…
• Action-at-a-distance forces exert a push or pull (interact) without physical contact.
• Examples:• Gravity (e.g., when you jump off the ground,
there is still a gravitational pull between you and the Earth),
• Electric (e.g., static electricity), • Magnetic (e.g., two magnets).
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Contact and Field Forces
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How Many FUNDAMENTAL Forces?
• Four• Strong Nuclear Force • Electromagnetic Force• Weak Nuclear Force• Gravitational Force
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What do they DO?
• Strong Nuclear Force• Holds nucleus together
• Electromagnetic Force• Interaction of electric & magnetic fields
• Weak Nuclear Force• Causes radioactivity
• Gravitational Force• Attracts mass
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How Strong are they?
• On a relative scale, we let the strong force = 1, then…
• Strong Nuclear 1.00
• Electromagnetic 1 x 10-2
• Weak Nuclear 1 x 10-13
• Gravitational 1 x 10-38
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External and Internal Forces
• External force• Any force that results from the interaction
between the object and its environment• Internal forces
• Forces that originate within the object itself• They cannot change the object’s velocity
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Example
When the ball at the end of the string swings to its lowest point, the string is cut by a sharp razor. Which path will the ball then follow?
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Example: Answer (b)
When the ball at the end of the string swings to its lowest point, the string is cut by a sharp razor. Which path will the ball then follow?
Answer: Inertia
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Example
When the pellet fired into the spiral tube emerges, which path will it follow? (Neglect gravity).
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Example: Answer (b)
When the pellet fired into the spiral tube emerges, which path will it follow? (Neglect gravity).
Answer: Inertia