Review

Sun & Wind Energy 6/20116

photovoltaics News

Silfab has put into operation a new module production facility with a

capacity of 180 MW per year in the Canadi-an province of Ontario. Silfab Ontario Inc. has opened a production plant for solar modules in the town of Mississauga on Lake Ontario. Around € 9.6 million has been invested in the project, reports the compa-ny, including support from the provincial government of € 2.3 million. When it is run-ning at full capacity, the factory will employ 200 people and will produce solar modules with a total capacity of up to 180 MW each year. Operation at full capacity is planned for 2012.

Mississauga is located 25 km south-west of Toronto. This is Silfab’s first and cur-rently only factory in North America. The solar modules will be marketed in Canada and the US. In December 2010 the company announced provisional orders for the deliv-ery of around 100 MW of PV capacity.

The province of Ontario intends to stop producing energy from coal by the end of 2014. Instead, renewable energies and other “clean” technologies will be used. Currently, the installed PV capacity is around 200 MW, says Silfab. These installa-tions produce enough electricity to supply 30,000 households. Since the introduction of the Green Energy Act 2009, more than 30 production companies in the renewable energy sector have settled in Ontario or expanded there, reports Silfab.

The government of Indian Rajas-than wants to encourage the estab-

lishment of solar module manufacturing in the state. The newly settled companies will also be eligible for developing PV projects in Rajasthan. The government has set the tar-get of an annual module production of 200 MW. Manufacturers setting up complete turnkey lines with an annual capacity of 25 MW up to 50 MW will be authorised to develop solar farms up to 10 MW. Manufac-turers producing more than 50 MW of solar modules annually will be able to develop farms up to 20 MW. The power produced will be purchased by the state’s electricity distri-bution companies according to the National Solar Mission’s tariffs. Rajasthan’s pro-

gramme for India is a novelty. The idea is to create confi-dence among com-panies planning to diversify into solar modules and cell manufacturing in India. The overall installation target is 600 MW of solar power generation until the year 2017. Rajasthan is India’s federal state with the highest solar radiation.

In the first quarter of 2011, the worldwide delivery of PV modules

declined in comparison with the same peri-od of the previous year for the first time since 2009. According to the analysts from IMS Research, from January through March, only about 3.2 GW of peak photovoltaic capacity were delivered worldwide. Last year, the supply volume amounted to 3.6 GW in the same period.

At the same time, the prices have declined substantially, as the market re-searcher Henning Wicht of iSuppli reports. From the end of 2010 to April 2011, the average price for crystalline silicon mod-ules dropped from € 1.25 to about € 1.15 per watt of system capacity. According to the iSuppli predictions, the downward trend will continue during the second quar-ter, with prices for crystalline modules from second-tier Chinese suppliers declining the most rapidly.

The price decline is not being caused by price reductions for wafers and silicon but by the reduction in margins of the cell and module manufacturers, says Wicht. “There is enormous pressure on the manufacturers because the price of wafers is being deter-mined by the current shortage.” In Germa-ny, PV companies confirm the downward

trend. Centrosolar AG, for example reports that sales are considerably lower than last year due to sharp cuts in the feed-in tariffs in combination with solar cell prices that are still high.

The project developer Phoenix Solar from Bavaria confirms the declining PV demand and says the wintry weather in Europe is to blame as well as the political intentions to reduce support in various European key markets. In particular, the reduction of the feed-in tariffs in Germany by 13 % at the beginning of the year has led to strong buying resistance among the end customers “because the reductions were not fully compensated for by price re-ductions,” informs Phoenix Solar.

IMS Research analyst Sam Wilkinson sees the uncertain situation in Italy due to the debate about the feed-in legislation Conto Energia 4 as the decisive factor for the dampened market development. “Demand from Italy collapsed overnight when it was announced that the current feed-in tariff was to be suspended. This has resulted in large warehouse stocks and plummeting end-customer prices”, says Wilkinson. Accordingly, the suppliers have been left with record stocks of 10 GW of solar modules worldwide.

PV module market shrinking

Rajasthan invites for PV manufacturing

Silfab opens production site in Ontario NEWS

International

Cleaning of modules installed on Mount Abu in Rajasthan. The government wants to encourage manufacturers of PV systems to establish production facilities in their state. Photo: Jörg Böthling/GTZ

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Review

Sun & Wind Energy 6/20118

csp News

Spanish engineering and technology company Sener will install a first

single-tank molten salt storage at a commer-cial parabolic trough power plant. The single-tank storage system will work with an insula-tion barrier that separates salt in both cold and hot states. Typically the hot and the cold salt are stored in two different tanks. The objective is to design, construct, and test a reduced-scale prototype in the Valle 2 com-mercial plant, which Sener is constructing for Torresol Energy in Cádiz, Spain. SUN & WIND ENERGY will present a detailed article on thermal storage for CSP plants in issue 7/2011 which will be published on 1st July.

Sener develops single tank thermal storage

Financing of Fresnel solar power station Puerto Errado 2 completed

The 30 MW solar thermal power sta-tion Puerto Errado 2 (PE2) is the first

commercial Fresnel solar power station project to achieve full financing. The funds of ¤ 67 million will be provided by a consortium of three large European banks. There have already been other Fresnel solar power sta-tions in the USA, in Spain and in Australia, but in contrast to PE2, all of them have a capacity in the low megawatt range and can thus be classified as demonstration projects. Hans Fischer, the Chairman of the Manage-ment Board of German Novatec Solar, the company that developed the Fresnel technol-ogy used in PE2, is pleased with the situa-tion: “The completion of financing of Puerto Errado 2 confirms that Novatec’s technology is now established on the market. This repre-sents a commercial breakthrough for Fresnel technology.”

The power station is owned by a project company, in which the two Swiss utilities EBL (Elektra Baselland) and IWB (Industrielle Werke Basel) have shares of 73 % and 12 %,

The plant Puerto Errado 2 is already under construction Photo: Novatec

German Solar Millennium and Spanish OHL Industrial have

each taken over 50 % of the shares in the project company of the 50 MW parabolic trough power station Arenales in south-ern Spain. OHL Industrial will take over the responsibilities of the general con-tractor and Solar Millennium will be responsible for project development. In addition, Solar Millennium’s technology subsidiary Flagsol will build the thermal storage and heat transfer fluid systems.

The construction of the power station will begin during the second quarter of this year. The first electricity will be pro-

duced in 2013. The bank financing of the plant will be completed parallel to the start of construction.

After Andasol 1 to 3 and Ibersol, Solar Millennium now has five projects in Spain, but this is the first time that it has not taken over the role of general contrac-tor itself. In a statement, Christoph Wolff, Chairman of the Executive Board of Solar Millennium said: “This purchase is part of our strategy to further broaden and per-petuate our business model by taking on numerous smaller projects and using a higher proportion of general contractor services.”

Solar Millennium invests in a fifth Spanish CSP power station

The German developer of solar ther-mal parabolic trough power stations

Solar Millennium wants to expand its activi-ties in other technologies. As the company has recently announced, it established its own research team to develop marketable solar tower power plants already last year. Quite some time is likely to pass before the first tower power station from Solar Millenni-um is built, however, because the company still sees a need for further development of

Solar Millennium expands its portfolio

respectively. Novatec owns 15 % of the shares and the company previously de-veloped the 1.4 MW power station PE 1, which is also based on Fresnel collectors. PE2 is already under construction and will be completed in March 2012. It will then produce about 50 million kWh of electricity per year. To achieve this, long

rows of mirrors, mounted approximately one metre above the ground, will focus light onto absorber tubes suspended above them. In these tubes, water will be heated up to produce steam with a tem-perature of 270 °C and a pressure of 70 bar, which will drive a turbine for elec-tricity generation.

this technology. Furthermore, Solar Mil-lennium wants to enter into the photo-voltaic power plant business in the fu-ture, too. Christoph Wolff, the CEO of So-lar Millennium, explains: “Our know-how in project development, solar data measurement and approval processes can be transferred to all power plant technologies. These synergy effects will allow us to better utilize the capacities of our teams within the scope of our

business model and to increase the number of potential power plant loca-tions.” On land areas that are less suita-ble for solar thermal power plants due to their characteristics or size, Solar Millen-nium wants to use photovoltaics in the future. This strategy will increase the choice of locations and will allow uneven terrain or areas bordering parabolic trough power stations to be used for the installation of photovoltaic systems.

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Review

Sun & Wind Energy 6/201110

solaR theRmal News

the country. When the system is mature it will be offered in nine countries. By standardizing the systems, the company wants to reduce the cost of solar cooling to a level at which it can compete with ex-isting cooling systems.

In contrast to traditional systems, in which an electric compressor is used to drive the refrigeration unit, cooling is achieved through a sorption chiller. As this is solar-driven, the most energy is available to power the system when the high solar radiation also creates the greatest demand for cooling.

Standardization for solar cooling

SunReports, a manufacturer of solar monitoring systems, is now

present on the Canadian market. The U.S. company, which is based in San Francisco, has entered a distribution partnership with Canada‘s Latitude 51 Solar. The supplier and installer of solar hot water systems will now offer SunReports prod-ucts together with its own. „SunReports allows us to easily monitor all of our cus-tomer installations, alerting us to system issues as they happen rather than months, or even years, after the fact“ said Latitude 51 Solar CEO Stefan Varga.

The customers in-clude Namerind Housing Corporation, a company that provides affordable housing for Canada‘s aboriginal population. SunReports thinks that this is a favourable mo-ment to enter the Cana-dian market. According to a survey by the Cana-dian Solar Industries As-sociation (CanSIA), the solar market segment is showing continuing growth in Canada. In 2009, sales increased by 13% to $ 21.3 million from $ 18.8 million in 2008.

Canadian market opens for SunReports

Vacuum tube collector for the sorption chiller. Photo: AS Solar

NEP Solar launches the Series II PolyTrough 1200B industrial process heat collector. Based on the commercially proven and award winning PolyTrough 1200 the new release further strengthens the key attributes of the PolyTrough family of parabolic trough collectors: lowest cost of heat generated (applications >120 °C, <10 MW), ease of transport, installation and maintenance, high quality Swiss-Australian design and make.

The new collector will be installed during summer 2011 in two industry defining projects: a process heat plant in a dairy facility in the Swiss Alps and a solar cooling installation in southern Spain.

For larger projects NEP Solar offers the new PolyTrough 1800 with a 1.8 m wide aperture. Based on the same design as its smaller brother this collector leads to further cost advantages for the end client.

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German AS Solar GmbH and the Leibnitz University Hannover

want to develop compact, standardized solar cooling equipment for common ap-plications. The plan is to develop a modu-lar system that can be adapted to suit the given situation without the need for diffi-cult and time-consuming planning. AS Solar will equip the Leibniz University with the necessary solar technology. The modular system will then be designed and developed at the University. This will be followed by field tests in Morocco in cooperation with the AS Solar branch in

http://www.covemephotovoltaic.com

Review

Sun & Wind Energy 6/201112

wiNd eNeRgy News

The Spanish wind turbine manufac-turer has signed statements of

intent with the Chinese companies Long-yuan, China Resources Power and Datang for the delivery of 900 MW. These statements of intent could lead to contracts being signed in the coming months, says Gamesa. Between now and 2015 Gamesa also wants to devel-op wind projects outside China with a capac-ity totalling 200 MW with the energy group Longyuan – mainly in the USA, Europe and Latin America. Gamesa has already supplied Longyuan with turbines with 1,200 MW of capacity, and the two companies have al-ready realized projects of 200 MW together. With Chinese power company Datang, Game-sa is currently developing projects with a capacity totalling 289 MW in the province of Liaoning.

Since the year 2000, Gamesa has erected 3,000 of its wind turbines at 60 locations in China. The company has four production sites in Tianjin Province and is currently building factories in Jilin and in Inner Mongo-lia. Gamesa is present in China both as a manufacturer and a developer and has sev-eral joint ventures with large energy groups in the country. In the first quarter of 2011, for the first time in Gamesa’s history, 100 % of MW sales came from outside of Spain. In the same period China accounted for 13 % of total sales, the U.S. for 8 %, Europe for 27 % and the rest of the world for 28 %.

Following a disappointing year in 2010, the American wind sector

seems to be on the road to recovery. In the first quarter of 2011, the US wind industry installed new capacity of about 1,100 MW. This was still less than the record figures from 2009, in the course of which a capac-ity of more than 10,000 MW was installed. But the quarterly figures that have recent-ly been published are about 50 % higher than those for the first quarter of 2010. “American wind energy is ramping up, and these Q1 figures indicate an industry poised for a renaissance”, commented a delighted Denise Bode, CEO of the Ameri-can Wind Energy Association (AWEA). Improved technology, affordable prices and continued demand for clean home-produced energy are the reasons for the return of growth. Bode also pointed to the rise in the petrol price, which has reached almost $ 4 per gallon (€ 2.69 for 3,785 li-

US wind industry is recovering

Together with the German Chan-cellor Angela Merkel, Energie

Baden Württemberg AG (EnBW) has offi-cially put into operation the German off-shore wind farm Baltic 1 in the Baltic Sea. The energy company purchased the project in 2008 and began the construc-tion works 16 km to the north of the Darß-Zingst peninsula in the spring of 2010. Baltic 1 comprises 21 Siemens turbines with a capacity of 2.3 MW each. It will sup-ply electric power for about 50,000 households. The electricity is conducted

Baltic 1 officially opened

The german manufacturer Nordex reports that it has won the largest

order placed to date for an onshore wind power project in Sweden. From the summer of 2012, Nordex will erect 60 turbines of the type N100/2500 for the wind farm Blaiken in the country’s north. The customers are the utility companies Skellefteå Kraft from Swe-den and Fortum from Finland. The turbines will be fitted with an anti-icing system that has been specially developed for the project and that prevents icing of the rotor blades by means of a heating system. According to Nordex, the development of this system was a key criterion for the order. Already in the autumn of 2010, the manufacturer had installed and optimized the first N100 tur-bines with an anti-icing system in the Swed-ish predecessor project Jokkmokksliden.

Nordex to build 150 MW wind farm

The official start of operation of the 48.3 MW wind farm Baltic 1 was the starting signal for the commercial use of offshore wind power in the Baltic Sea. Photo: EnBW

Gamesa wants to deliver 900 MW to China

tres). “America must implement long-term energy policies centred on home-grown sources,” she demanded.

The new capacity added in the first quarter of 2011 was distributed over 12 different states with Minnesota, Washing-ton, Illinois, Idaho and Nebraska in the leading positions. Bode said it was encouraging that the second quarter had been started with a capacity of 5,600 MW under construction. Of these turbines, about a third are being installed in the West Coast states of Oregon, Washington and California. The latter, which will be the venue of Windpower 2011 from May 22nd to 25th, is thus on track to retake its leadership among the 50 American states in the field of wind energy. The state on the West Coast has committed itself to the goal of covering 33 % of its energy demand from renewable sources by 2020.

to the coast via a 60 km marine cable and subsequently via a ground cable to the transformer substation Bentwisch. “We have carried out real pioneering work here and have learnt a lot”, empha-sized Boris Schucht, the CEO of the com-pany 50Hertz Transmission GmbH, which was in charge of grid connection. “We will be able to use the experience we have gained through this project in our next, six times larger project EnBW Baltic 2”, announced Hans Peter Villis, Chair-man of the EnBW Management Board.

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Sun & Wind Energy 6/2011

bio eNeRgy News

A new trade group has formed to address specific industry issues

faced by U.S. manufacturers of industrial-grade wood pellets which are being exported to Europe. According to Execu-tive Director Seth Ginther, the U.S. Indus-trial Pellet Association (USIPA) will focus on three main issues: certification stand-ards for industrial wood pellets, sustaina-bility and uniformity of contracts. There are other pellet trade groups in the U.S., he said, but none that address those spe-cific issues. The group was officially formed in February by Enviva Biomass, Fram Renewable Fuels, Green Circle Bio Energy Inc. and Westervelt Co., Ginther

stated that U.S. pellet export activity right now is not just talk. “It’s happening, and during the next five years, pellet demand in Europe will continue to rise dramatical-ly. There’s an enormous demand for this product and that will continue.”

Though in the future the largely resi-dential-based U.S. pellet market may be-gin to expand more to industrial-scale use, Ginther said the domestic wood pel-let market as a whole is very small right now compared to Europe’s. The USIPA plans to work with Canada on policy is-sues, he added, as Canada currently ex-ports the vast majority of wood pellets im-ported to Europe.

BDR Thermea Group BV from the Netherlands and German Viess-

mann Holding International GmbH have each increased their share in the capital of Dutch Microgen Engine Corporation Holding BV (MEC) to 42.19%. The remain-ing shares are held by other existing shareholders related to the heating in-dustry. MEC’s main activity is the devel-opment and manufacture of gas-fired Stir-ling Engines. One of the key applications of MEC’s Stirling engine is in micro com-bined heat and power, or micro-CHP, dual energy systems.

Dual energy systems, like the Baxi Eco-gen and Remeha eVita, are set to be inno-vation in the home heating industry since the introduction of the condensing boiler. MEC’s objective is to continue developing as a Stirling Engine module supplier for the heating industry, so this can become a new standard for micro-CHP technology.

Rob Van Banning, CEO of BDR Thermea Group, said: “After many years of devel-opment and intensive testing we have launched micro-CHP appliances based on Stirling engine technology in UK, Nether-lands and Germany.

The German company Energie-contracting Heidelberg AG com-

presses brewery waste into pellets. Ener-giecontracting Heidelberg AG (ECH) pro-duces fuel from the residues of the brew-ing process. ECH purchases the spent hops (also known as brewer’s grains) di-rectly from the brewery. The hops, which have a very high moisture content of up to 80 %, are processed into fuel in the bioenergy centres for the production of biofuels belonging to the network of the company Heidelberger EC Bioenergie GmbH (ECB). The preparation of the spent hops takes place at three locations in Germany. The process includes breaking up, grinding, shredding and drying. Sub-sequently, the hops are mixed with woody biomass, such as wood shavings or wood chips. This helps to homogenize the combustion value. Finally, the result-

ing raw material is compressed into mixed industrial pellets. These can be used as fuel for the production process in breweries. The demand for such industri-al pellets from other industrial sectors, power stations or contracting facilities with a capacity in excess of 1 MW is cur-rently also growing.

New association for industrial pellets business

Used hops as fuel

More investment in micro-CHP sector

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Review

Sun & Wind Energy 6/201116

miscellaNeous News

To the article „Of smarter grids, renewables and electric vehicles“ in S&WE 5/2011, page 40:In the graph on page 42, unfortunately the dimensioning of the vertical axis was too low by the factor 10. Also, the labelling of the y-axis got lost. It should read “Capacity Turnover/NC”. We apologize for these mistakes.

Correction to the article “Opportunities for large-scale projects” (SWE 5/2011, p. 254/55).In the translation of the article into English, the court decisions in France were mixed up. The decision of 17th March was made by the administrative court in Orléans and not, as the translation wrongly states, by the administrative court in Nîmes.

The correct version of the text should thus read: “Notable in this connection is the ruling made on 17th March by the administrative court in Orléans that is to be seen as being in line with a ruling made by the administrative court in Nîmes last autumn. In both cases the court annulled contracts awarded to EDF EN for PV projects, ruling that the issuing authority had infringed upon the principle of equal-ity of bidders.”

Corrections

In mid-April the European Commis-sion presented its proposals for new

regulations on the taxation of energy pro-ducts in the European Union. It is said that the current regulations are out-of-date and do not offer enough incentive to use less energy or to switch to clean energy sources. In future, CO2 emissions and energy content will be the two components on which the taxation of energy products will be based. In this way, the Commission wants to promote energy efficiency and the use of environmentally friendly energy sources, and also avoid distortions of competition in the European Single Market.

Algirdas Šemeta, EU Commissioner for Taxation stated: „Fair and transparent energy taxation is necessary so that we can reach our energy and climate protection targets. Our common aim is to create an EU economy that uses resources more efficiently, is greener and at the same time more competitive. This proposal gives a clear CO2 price signal for companies and consumers. It also provides the possibility to transfer the burden of taxa-

Energy taxes intended to promote efficiency

General Electric (GE) plans to estab-lish an innovation centre in Canada

for intelligent electricity grids - the so-called smart grids. According to the company, the 18,600 m2 GE Grid IQ Innovation Centre, to-gether with simulation and testing facilities, will be opened in late July 2012 in Markham, Ontario. GE will invest € 29 million in this project, and the Ontario provincial govern-ment will contribute € 5.7 million.

The new innovation centre will support the development of advanced electricity grids. The aim is to improve their efficiency and operational reliability and to facilitate crisis management in case of problems or power failures. The aim is to enable the citizens of Ontario to control their electricity and energy consumption easily at home or from work using the smart grid. Only an internet connec-tion is required. Elyse Allan, President and CEO of GE Canada, is very positive about this project: „Our cooperation is a good example of how industry and government can work together in the development of innovative technologies that serve local requirements in Ontario but can also be used on a worldwide scale.“

Smart grid research in Ontario

The European Commission proposes a new energy taxation to reduce CO2 emissions. Photo: dpa

tion from employment to consumption and thus create a tax system that pro-motes growth.“ The minimum taxes would result from taxation on the basis of the CO2 emissions of the energy product, whereby a rate of 20 ¤/t CO2 would apply. The taxation should also base on the en-ergy actually contained in the product. The minimum tax would be 3.50 ct/kWh for fuels and around 0.05 ct/kWh for heating products. This would be applied

to all fuels and energy sources that are used for transport and heating purposes.

The proposed changes could come in-to force on 1st January 2013. It is planned to completely align taxation of energy content by 2023. The long changeover period is intended to give industry time to adapt to the new tax structure. According to the European Commission the energy sources that pollute the environment most are currently taxed the least.

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