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SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)

Paul A. Newman

NASA/GSFC

Code 916

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Main Players• NASA HQ – UARP, ACMAP, AEAP

– ER-2 - P. Newman, J. Anderson– DC-8 - B. Toon, M. Schoeberl– Balloon - B. Brune– Ground based instruments (e.g. IRF)

• International - Theseo-2000 – DLR Falcon - H. Flentje– Swiss Lear Jet - D. Feist– French ARAT - C. David– Esrange balloons

• GSFC– Project scientists – P. Newman, M. Schoeberl– Arotel – J. Burris, T. McGee, L. Twigg, G. Sumnicht, W. Hoegy, D.

Silbert– 910.3 – S. Strahan, A. Ledvina, A. Conaty, S. Pawson, D. Lamich, R.

Lucchesi, etc.– 916 – L. Lait, R. Kawa, E. Nash, D. Gent, J. Pierson, S. Steenrod, etc.

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PurposeWhat are the processes and variables that control ozone concentrations over

the course of the winter (e.g., temperature, water, HNO3, halogens, aerosols, etc.)? Polar ozone loss - its predictibility in the Northern Hemisphere

• Observed Changes in High-Latitude Winter Ozone– The origin and composition of air comprising the Arctic polar vortex in

early winter– Uncertainties associated with conventional techniques for calculating

chemically driven ozone losses– Polar ozone loss during midwinter

• Processes that Extract and Insert Nitrogen and Chlorine Compounds into Reservoir Species and the Distinction between Liquid and Solid Phases

– Chlorine activation and denitrification– Chlorine deactivation and ozone loss

• Properties of Cold Aerosols and Polar Stratospheric Clouds

• SAGE III Validation

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Polar ozone losses

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Polar Ozone & Temperatures

Low ozone events are associated with cold temperatures, but only in later years

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Mission StrategyEarly Winter

Set up of the polar vortex

DC-8Balloon

Mid Winter

Coldest temperatures - most PSCs

Chlorine activated

Platforms

ER-2DC-8Balloon

Late Winter

Maximum ozone loss rate

Shut down of ozone loss system

ER-2DC-8Balloon

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Kiruna, Sweden• Excellent proximity to Polar vortex & cold temperatures• Excellent support facillity at Arena Arctica & Esrange• Good flying weather• Large town with plentiful housing

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ER-2

DC-8

Balloon

SOLVE Platforms

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SOLVE DC-8 Configuration

MTP

LASEH2O

DIALO3, Aerosol

AROTEL LidarO3, Aerosol, T

FTIR

In situOH, HO2

ClO, BrOO3

NO,NOy

N2OCly

HNO3

COCO2

CH4

CNH2O

AerosolsParticles

MicrowaveRadiometerClO, HNO3

HCl, N2O, O3

Photolyzing Radiation

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SOLVE ER-2 Configuration

In situH2O,OH, HO2

BrOO3

NO, NO2, HNO3 NOy

ClO,Cl2O2, Cly

CO, CO2

N2O, CH4, SF6

ClONO2, HClAerosols & CN (0.01 - 50)

UV-Vis RadiationU,V,T,p

MicrowaveTemperatur

eProfiler

.

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Balloon Configuration

OMS In Situ Payload

CH4, HCl, N2O, F11, F12, F113, H1211, CCl4, O3,

SF6, CO,CO2

Remote Payload

JPL - FTIR

JPL - SLS

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Temperature History

USA surface area

Phase I Phase 2 Phase 3

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SOLVE Flights

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

DC-8

ER-2

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GSFC AROTEL temperatures

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Large O3 loss was observed in the polar vortex:between 50% and 70% locally.

Addition of SOLVE/THESEO data allows O3 loss by rate-limiting radicals to be determined up to 90N.

Observed O3 loss exceeds model predictions (by up to 30%) (constrained by Clx) The chlorine budget does not add up correctly: In situ measurement of all major inorganic

Cl species (ClO, ClOOCl, ClONO2, HCl). Cl: Total Organic Cl peaked in troposphere (1992-93), stratosphere at peak due to

CH3CCl3, but F12, and HCFC’s are still rising.

Clarification of the stratospheric Bry budget (50-80% BrO).

Nitrogen chemistry: cannot consistently reproduce NOx and NOy

H2O and climate coupling: Tropospheric influence on “lowest-most” stratosphere directly observed

Apparent trend from 1979 (in March only) in all measures of vortex strength. Widespread, severe denitrification Discovery of NAT rocks (15 microns) Observations suggest NAT formation above Tice, possibly by heterogeneous nucleation.

SOLVE findings