new words1

7/26/2019 New Words1

1/25

andic, adj.

Andisol, n.

andosol, n.

Apterygota, n.

apterygote, adj. and n.

apterygotous, adj.

archicortical, adj.

archistriatal, adj.

Audiencia, n.

auding, n.

audio dub, n.

audio dub, v.

audio dubbing, n.

audiologic, adj.

audiological, adj.

audiophilia, n.

audist, n.

basal cell, n. beforeafter, adj.

blue belly, n.

Blue Dog, n.

blue duck, n.

Blue Ensign, n.

blue flag, n.1

blue flag, n.2

blue heron, n.

blue point, n.2 and adj.

blue skin, n.

blue tick, n.1

bluebellied, adj. blueblind, adj. !and n."

blueblindness, n.

blued, adj.

bluefin, n.

bluefooted, adj.

bluegill, n.

bluegu##ed, adj.

blueheaded, adj.

blueleaved, adj.

Bluenoser, n.

blueringed, adj.

blues and t$os, n. blues, v.

bluespotted, adj.

bluetick, n.2

blue$ard, adj. and adv.

blue$ards, adv. and adj.

boccia, n.

braggadocious, adj.


2/25

butyrolactone, n.

%a#bridge blue, n.

%ariban, n. and adj.

%hro#el, n.

clunker, n.

copri#e, adj.

cred, n.1

credentia, n.

creolist, n.

creolistics, n.

cyclohe&i#ide, n.

defriend, v.

do$nlink, n.

do$nlink, v.

Entisol, n.

'alibi, n. and adj.

'a#bel, n.

ga#busia, n. ga#e point, n.

ga#ergate, n.

ga##aridean, adj. and n.

ga#olenic, adj.

ga#one, n.

'a#plike, adj.

gangling, adj.1

gangling, n.

ganglionopathy, n.

gelisol, n.

herb of (araguay, n.

hereditarianis#, n. heredito, co#b.)for#

hoki, n.

isotretinoin, n.

*ung, adj.1 and n.2

*ung, n.1 and adj.2

podiu#, v.

serious, adj.1

seriousness, n.1

s#art pill, n.

+#arties, n.

s#arting, n.2

++D, n. +tr#pell-arie, n.

sy#ptother#al, adj.

tretinoin, n.

uplink, v.

viscidiu#, n.

vulcanologic, adj.

$hips#art, adj.


3/25

New sub-entries audience cha#ber

audience involve#ent

audiencefriendly

audio a#plifier

audio %D audio conference

audio conferencing

audio file

audio guide

audio recording

audio signal

audio te&t

audio tour

audiodubbed

audiographics

audio#etrically

audiotactile

audiotaping

beforeganger

beforeta&

blue agave

Blue Albion

blue antelope

blue badge

blue beret

Blue Blouse

blue catfish

blue channel

blue corn

blue corn#eal

blue crab

blue crane

blue currant

blue duiker

blue fig

blue fig tree

blue flash

blue flat

blue flu

blue gentian blue giant

blue gra#a

blue gra#a grass

blue grenadier

blue gro#$ell

blue grouse

blue heaven


4/25

blue hel#et

blue hole

blue huckleberry

blue ice

blue jet

Blue ake

blue lias

blue #arlin

blue #ass

blue #onkey

blue #ussel

blue norther

blue o/clock

blue paper

blue penguin

blue pla0ue

blue 0uail

blue racer blue sheep

blue shortness

blue skies research

blue spike

blue spiraea

blue spruce

blue stain

blue stain fungus

blue succory

blue tang

blue $ildebeest

blue $illo$ blue $ren

bluebeak

blueberried

blueedged

blueeyed -ary

bluefaced eicester

bluefishing

bluefooted booby

bluehair

blueheaded parrot

blueheaded $agtail

bluejoint bluejoint grass

bluelipped

bluepointed

blueribbon jury

blueribbon panel

blueringed octopus

blues party


5/25

blues rocker

bluesensitive

bluesky research

bluesrock

blueste#

blueste# $heat

bluetailed

bluetick coonhound

bluetongued skink

Bluetoothenabled

blueunifor#ed

bro$n rat

%aribbean English

%aribbean sea

%aribbeanstyle

%

co##on loon

control group credit account

credit agency

credit bureau

credit card co#pany

credit card details

credit card nu#ber

credit cardsied

credit crisis

credit default s$ap

credit derivative

credit event

credit history credit li#it

credit list

credit reference agency

credit score

credit scoring

credit se0uence

credit standing

creditablelooking

creditive letter

%reole black

creole continuu#

electoral vote feature phone

featureco#plete

finite state #achine

fires#arting

friend in high places

friend ndian

friend of !also to" the court


6/25

friend of the court

friend of the people

friend to the court

friend $ith benefits

friend one

friendly bacteria

friendly fire

3riendly 'a#es

3riendly slands

friendofthecourt brief

friendship centre

friendship plant

friendship 0uilt

friendship ring

friendship treaty

functionality

'a#bel/s 4ak

'a#bel/s partridge 'a#bel/s 0uail

ga#bling cock loft

ga#bling ken

ga#e cartridge

ga#e chip

ga#e engine

ga#e fishing

ga#e hunter

ga#e #isconduct

ga#e #isconduct penalty

ga#e port

ga#e progra##er ga#e publisher

ga#e revie$er

ga#e roo#

ga#e $inner

ga#echanger

ga#echanging

ga#edesigner

ga#edeveloper

ga#elegged

ga#epad

ga#es cartridge

ga#es designer ga#es developer

ga#es kit

ga#es port

ga#es progra##er

ga#es publisher

ga#es teacher

ga#etangial


7/25

ga#ete intrafallopian transfer

ga#etically

ga#eti#e

ga#eti#e decision

ga#etoblast

ga#etocytogenesis

ga#etospore

ga#e$inning

ga#ing #achine

ga##a ca#era

ga##a cellulose

ga##a distribution

ga##a knife

ga##a5%5

ga##ahydro&ybutyrate

ga##alinolenic acid

ga##ocking

ga##on iron ga#olenic acid

gang activity

gang affiliation

gang cri#e

gang culture

gang feud

gang girl

gang hook

gang kid

gang #e#ber

gang #e#bership

gang #o$er gang na#e

gang sho$

gang s$itch

gang tackle

gang tackling

gang tattoo

gang turf

gang violence

gang $orker

'angetic crocodile

'angetic dolphin

ganglionic #ass ganglord

gangrelated

gangrenied

gangtackle

glossy starling

goalball

ha# steak


8/25

5%5

hereditary lands

hereditosyphilitic

hydro&ybutyrate

little blue penguin

little penguin

#y honourable friend

#y learned friend

#y noble friend

#y right honourable friend

right of appearance

right of audience

serial adulterer

serial co##a

serial data

serial entrepreneur

serial interface

serial #urderer serial port

serial rapist

seriesresonant

sho$er gel

s#art antenna

s#art apple

s#art bo&

s#art chip

s#art cookie

s#art fabric

s#art gro$th

s#art high$ay s#art #aterial

s#art #eter

s#art 0uotes

s#art road

s#art sanction

s#art tag

s#art talk

s#art talker

s#artedup

s#arttalk

s#arttalking

s$itch plate 6est series

7E

volcanic arc

volcanic cone

volcanic crater

volcanic e&plosivity inde&

volcanoseis#ic


9/25

manular

(adjective) : strong and muscular : manly

Submitted by: Alisa Steinhauer from Nevada on May. 06 !0"# "6:$%

glurge

(noun) : a sa&&y story often &ur&orted to be true and meant to be ins&irational and u&lifting

Submitted by: A&&le from 'hili&&ines on May. 0% !0"# !":#6

agyro&hobia (noun) : abnormal fear of crossing the road

Submitted by: Anonymous on May. 0% !0"# "#:!!

ossicone

(noun) : one of the horns on a giraffe

Submitted by: Anonymous on May. 0% !0"# "!:%%

hi&&o&otomonstroseui&&edalio&hobia (noun) : the irrational fear of long ords

Submitted by: Anonymous on May. 0% !0"# "!:%#

indani*ing (noun) : an act of loo+ing at an object (such as a eather vane indsoc+ or flag)

outdoors to determine hich ay the ind is bloing

Submitted by: ,obert , -vans Marblemanbob from /daho on May. 0% !0"# "":0 res&ondable (adjective) : able to be res&onded to : suitable for res&onding

1he user submitted a uestion via 1itter but the uestion as notrespondable.

Submitted by: Andy from 2isconsin on May. 0$ !0"# "%:"3

unallocable (adjective) : not able to be allocated

1he tro&hy is unallocableacross the team of soccer &layers.

Submitted by: 4reg from 1e5as on May. 0# !0"# "%:#0

eonnanade (noun) : a cannon

Submitted by: Anonymous on May. 0# !0"# "0:!0

hubritic (adjective) : having hubris : hubristic

is character is hubritic.

Submitted by: on May. 0# !0"# 0":"

unfortunism (noun) : an unfortunate act event or condition

Submitted by: ,yan Adams from 7anada on May. 0# !0"# 00:##

&arannoying

(adjective) : annoying and causing &aranoia

Submitted by: libby from Mississi&&i on May. 0! !0"# "8:#6

jer+osity (noun) : the e5tent to hich someone is a jer+ : ho obno5ious or annoying

someone is

Submitted by: 9onnie from 9ouisiana on May. 0! !0"# "%:%%

sj (abbreviation) : social justice arrior

Submitted by: Anonymous on May. 0! !0"# "$:0!

&otna (noun) : a friend or com&anion

Submitted by: en4 from 9ouisiana on May. 0! !0"# "!:"%

cla&ter

(noun) : the sound of cla&&ing : a&&lause

Submitted by: 7lint ;aniel from 1ennessee on May. 0! !0"# 00:!$

fro*ens (noun) : fro*en foods or drin+s


10/25

Submitted by: on May. 0" !0"# "3:#

ye&erdoodles

(adverb) : yes or yeah

Submitted by: Anonymous on May. 0" !0"# "3:""

cataom&us (noun) : an imaginary fierce ild animal : cataam&us

Submitted by: /ntotheble from /oa on May. 0" !0"# "$:""

unmature (adjective) : immature

Submitted by: ;ra+e ,oberts from


11/25

34. #each, #eech

35. #ea, #ee

36. #eat, #eet

37. #eau, #ow

38. #eer, #ier

39. bel, bell, belle

40. #erry, #ury

41. #erth, #irth

42. bight, bite, byte

43. #illed, #uild

44. #itte, #itter

45. #lew, #lue

46. #loc, #lock

47. #oar, #ore

48. #oard, #ored

49. #oarder, #order

50. #old, #owled

51. #oos, #oo$e

52. #or, #ore

53. #ou!h, #ow

54. #oy, #uoy

55. #rae, #ray

56. #raid, #rayed

57. braise, brays,

braze

58. #rake, #reak59. #read, #red

60. #rews, #ruise

61. #ridal, #ridle

62. #roach, #rooch

63. #ur, #urr

64. #ut, #utt

65. buy, by, bye

66. #uyer, #yre

67. caledar, caleder

68. call, caul69. ca)as, ca)ass

70. cast, caste

71. caster, castor

72. cau!ht, court

73. caw, core, corps

74. cede, seed

&eet

131. &errule,

&erule

132. &ew,

(hew

133. &ie, (hi134. &ile,

(hial

135. &id,&ied

136. &ir, &ur

137. &i$$,

(hi$

138. &lair,

&lare

139. &law,&loor

140. &lea,

&lee

141. &le",

&lecks

142. lew,

lu, lue

143. &loe,&low

144. &lour,

&lower145. &oaled,

&old

146. or,

ore, our

147. &orewor

d, &orward

148. &ort,

&ou!ht

149. &orth,

&ourth150. &oul,

&owl

151. &rac,

&rak

152. &ree$e,

&rie$e

153. &riar,

mae

242. mai$e,

ma$e

243. mall,

maul

244. maa,maer

245. matel,matle

246. mare,

mayor

247. mark,

mar%ue

248. marshal,martial

249. marte,marti

250. mask,

mas%ue

251. maw,more

252. me, mi

253. mea,mie

254. !eat,

!eet, !ete

255. medal,meddle

256. metal,mettle

257. meter,

metre

258. mi!ht,

mite

259. !i"er,

!i"or, !y"ah

260. mid,mied

261. missed,

mist

262. moat,

mote

263. mode,mowed

shoo

351. sic, sick

352. side,

si!hed

353. si!, sie

354. sik,sych

355. slay,

slei!h

356. sloe,slow

357. sole, soul

358. some,

sum

359. so, su

360. sort,sou!ht

361. s(a, s(ar

362. staid,stayed

363. stair,

stare

364. stake,

steak

365. stalk,

stork

366. statioar y, statioery

367. steal,

steel

368. stile,

style

369. storey,story

370. strai!ht,

strait

371. sweet,suite

372. swat,

swot

373. tacks, ta"

374. tale, tail

375. talk,tor%ue


12/25

75. ceili!, seali!

76. cell, sell

77. ce"ser, ce"sor,

se"sor

78. cet, scet, set

79. cereal, serial

80. chea(, chee(

81. check, che%ue

82. choir, %uire

83. chord, cord

#4. cite, sight, site

85. clack, cla%ue

86. clew, clue

87. clim#, clime

88. close, clo$e

89. coal, kohl90. coarse, course

91. coi!, coi

92. coloel, kerel

93. com(lacet,

com(laisat

94. com(lemet,

com(limet

95. coo, cou(

96. co(s, co(se

97. coucil, cousel98. cousi, co$e

99. creak, creek

100. crews,

cruise

101. cue, $yu,

%ueue

102. cur#, ker#

103. currat,

curret

104. cym#ol,sym#ol

105. dam, dam

106. days, da$e

107. dear, deer

108. descet,disset

109. desert,

&ryer

154. &urs,

&ur$e

155. !ait,

!ate

156. !ali(ot,!alli(ot

157. !allo(,!alo(

158. !am#le,

!am#ol

159. !ays,

!a$e

160. !ees,*eas

161. !ild,!uild

162. !ilt,

!uilt

163. !iro,!yro

164. !aw,

or

165. !eiss,

ice

166. !orilla,

!uerilla167. !rate,

!reat

168. !rea)e,

!rie)e

169. !reys,

!ra$e

170. !risly,!ri$$ly

171. !roa,

!row

172. !uessed

, !uest

173. hail,

hale

174. hair,hare

175. hall,

264. moor,

more

265. moose,

mousse

266. mori!

, mouri!267. muscle,

mussel

268. a)al,

a)el

269. ay,

ei!h

270. i!h,ye

271. oe,

u

272. od, odd

273. ode,

owed

274. oh, owe

275. oe,wo

276. (acked,(act

277. (acks,

(a"

278. (ail,(ale

279. (ai,(ae

2#0. pair,

pare, pear

2#1. palate,

palette, pallet

282. (ascal,(aschal

2#3. pate",patte", patter"

2#4. pause,

paws, pores,

pours

285. (aw,(or

286. (ea, (ee

376. tare, tear

377. taught,

taut, tort

37#. te, tea,

tee

379. team,teem

380. tear, tier

381. teas,tease

382. terce,

terse

383. ter, tur

3#4. there,

their, they&re

385. threw,throu!h

386. throes,

throws

387. throe,

throw

388. thyme,

time

389. tic, tick

390. tide, tied

391. tire, tyre

392. to, too,

two

393. toad,

toed, towed

394. told,

tolled

395. tole, toll

396. to, tu

397. tor, tore

398. tou!h,

tu&&399. troo(,

trou(e

400. tu#a,

tu#er

401. 'ai",

'a"e, 'ei"

402. )ale, )eil


13/25

dessert

110. de)iser,

di)isor

haul

176. ha!ar,

ha!er

177. hart,

heart

17#. haw,hoar, whore

179. hay,hey

1#0. heal,

heel, he&ll

181. hear,

here

182. heard,herd

183. he'd,heed

184. heroi,

heroie

185. hew,hue

186. hi, hi!h

187. hi!her,hire

188. him,

hym

189. ho, hoe190. hoard,

horde

191. hoarse,horse

192. holey,

holy, wholly

193. hour,

our

194. idle,

idol195. i, i

196. idict,idite

197. it's, its

198. *ewel,

*oule

199. key,

287. (eace,

(iece

2##. pea$,

pee$, pe$e,

pi%ue

289. (eal,(eel

290. (earl,

(url

291. (edal,

(eddle

292. (eer,(ier

293. (i, (ie

294. (ica,

(ika

295. (lace,

(laice

296. (lai,(lae

297. (leas,

(lease

298. (lum,

(lum#

299. (ole,

(oll

300. (oo&,(ou&&e

301. (ractice,

(ractise

302. praise,

prays, preys

303. (rici(al, (rici(le

304. (ro&it,

(ro(het

305. %uarts,

%uart$

306. %uea,

%uee

307. rai",

reig", rei"

30#. raise,

rays, raze

403. )ial, )ile

404. wail,

wale, whale

405. wai,

wae

406. waist,waste

407. wait,wei!ht

408. wai)e,

wa)e

409. wall,

waul

410. war,wore

411. ware,wear, where

412. war,

wor

413. wart,wort

414. watt,

what

415. wa",

whacks

416. way,

weigh, whey417. we, wee,

whee

418. weak,

week

419. we'd,

weed

420. weal,

we&ll, wheel

421. wea,

wee

422. weather,

whether

423. wea)er,

wee)er

424. weir,we're

425. were,


14/25

%uay

200. ka)e,

a)e

201. kead,

eed

202. kew,ew

203. ki!ht,i!ht

204. kit, it

205. ko#,

o#

206. kock,

ock

207. kot,

ot208. kow,

o

209. kows,

ose

210. laa!er,la!er

211. lac,lack

212. lade,

laid

213. lai,lae

214. lam,lam#

215. la(s,

la(se

216. lar)a,

la)a

217. lase,la$e

218. law,lore

219. lay, ley

220. lea, lee

309. ra(,

wra(

310. raw,

roar

311. read,

reed312. read, red

313. real, reel

314. reek,wreak

315. rest,

wrest

316. retch,

wretch

317. re)iew,

re)ue318. rheum,

room

319. right,

rite, wright,

write

320. ri!,

wri!

321. road,

rode

322. roe, row

323. role, roll324. roo,

rou(, rue

325. rood,rude

326. root,

route

327. rose,

rows

328. rota,

rotor329. rote,

wrote

330. rou!h,

ru&&

whirr

426. wet,

whet

427. wheald,

wheeled

428. which,witch

429. whi!,wi!

430. while,

wile

431. whie,

wie

432. whirl,whorl

433. whirled,world

434. whit, wit

435. white,

wi!ht

436. who's,whose

437. woe,whoa

438. wood,

would

439. yaw,yore, your,

you&re

440. yoke,

yolk

441. you'll,

yule


15/25

28 Rules For English Spelling1.The letter q is always written with u and we say, "kw." The letter u is not a vowelhere. (quiet)

2./c/ before e, i, or y says, "s" (cent, city, cycle).3.// before e, i, or y !ay say, "" (entle, et).

#.$owels a, e, o, u usually say, " ", " ", " ", " " at the end of a syllable (belon,%rotect, futile)

&.$owels i and y !ay say " " at the end of a syllable, but usually say " " (finaland !yas o%%osed to 'ndian and baby) for s%ellin

*.$owel y, not i, is used at the end of an +nlish word (for ea!%le, !y).

-.There are five kinds of silent final es. The first rule (as in ti!e) is one of thethree ways a vowel says its na!e.

.o0r !ay say, "er" when w co!es before the o0r (for ea!%le, works).

.e use e0i after c... if we say, "

"... and in so!e ece%tions.

Exceptions:

receive, vein, neither, forein, soverein, seie, counterfeit, forfeit, leisure, either,weird, heifer, %rotein, eier, heiht, sleiht, feisty, stein, seis!ora%h,

%oltereist, kaleidosco%e

14.s0h is used at the beinnin of a word, at the end of a syllable but not at thebeinnin of any syllable after the first one, ece%t for the endin, "shi%." (shut,

fish, nation)11.t0i, s0i and c0i are used to say "sh" at the beinnin of any syllable after the firstone. c0h says, "sh" in a word of 5rench oriin. (nation, session, s%ecial, chic)

12.s0i is used to say, "sh" when the syllable before it ends in s (session) and whenthe base word has an s where the word chanes. (tense/tension)

13.6nly s0i can say, "h" ece%t for t0i in "equation." (vision)

1#.hen a one0syllable word ends with one short vowel and one consonant,double the final consonant before addin a vowel suffi. (ho%, ho%%in/ho%%ed)

1&.hen a two0syllable word ends with a vowel and a consonant, double the finalconsonant when addin a vowel suffi, if the accent is on the last syllable. (ad!it,

ad!itted, ad!ittin)1*.7ilent final e words are written without the e when addin an endin beinninwith a vowel. (have, havin)

1-.e often double l, f, s, after a sinle vowel, at the end of a one0syllable word.(full, %uff, %ass)

1.8ase words do not end with the letter a sayin, " " ece%t for the article a9 a0yis used !ost often. (!ay, %ay, say)


16/25

1.$owels i and o !ay say, " " and " " when followed by two consonants. (find,bold 0 ift, bond)

24.s never follows . (bo, boes)

21.:ll is written with one l when added to another syllable.(al!ost, also)

22.Till and full added to another syllable are written with one l. (until, fulfill)

23.30letter "" (de) !ay be used after a sinle vowel which says, " " 0 " " 0 " " 0" " 0 " " (bade,ede,ride,lode,fude)

2#.hen addin an endin to a word that ends with y, that has a sound alone,chane the y to i unless the endin is i0n0. (fry,fried 0 cry,cryin)

2&.20letter "k" (ck) !ay be used only after a sinle vowel which says, " " 0 " " 0 "" 0 " " 0 " " (%ack,%eck,%ick,%ock,%uck)

2*.The letter , never s is used to say, "" at the beinnin of a base word. (ero,i%%er)

2-.The letters e0d say, "d" and "t" as the %ast tense endin of any base word which

does not end in the sound, "d" or "t." hen e0d says "ed" after words endin with"d" or "t," they for! another syllable. (loved, wra%%ed) (word,word ed0%art,%arted)

2.;ouble consonants within words of !ore than one syllable should both besounded for s%ellin. (lit tle, but ton)

ENGLISH SPELLING RULESShort and Long Vowels

1. 6o spell a short vo$el sound, only one letter is needed8

at red it hot up

2. 6o spell a long sound you #ust add a second vo$el. 6he second #ay be ne&t to the first, in the 77%pattern !boat, #aid, cue, etc." or it #ay be separated fro# the first one by a consonant in the 7%7 pattern!#ade, ride, tide, etc.". f the second vo$el is separated fro# the first by t$o spaces, it does not affect thefirst one. 6his is the 7%%7 pattern in $hich the first vo$el re#ains short. 6hus, doubling a consonant canbe called 9protecting9 a short vo$el because it prevents an inco#ing vo$el fro# getting close enough tothe first one to change its sound fro# short to long8

#aid, #ade, but #adder: dine, diner, but dinner.

Spelling the Sound /k/

6his sound can be spelled in any one of four $ays8

1. !. ". k #. k

1. 6he single letter, , is the #ost co##on spelling. t #ay be used any$here in a $ord8


17/25

cat corn actor victi# direct #ica

scat bacon public cactus inflict pecan

2. +o#eti#es the letter #ust be doubled to to protect the sound of a short vo$el8

stucco baccalaureate hiccups

-ecca tobacco buccaneer

occupy raccoon succulent

;. 6he letter kis substituted for if/k/is follo$ed by an e, i, or y.

kin #ake sketch poker kind risky

skin token skill keep liking flaky

!Boring e&a#ples< 5o$ about kyphosis, kyli&, keratosis, and dyskinesia


18/25

adjust jacket jolly jaguar ju#p jalousie

2. +ince the letter ghas the soft sound of j $hen it is follo$ed by an e% i%or ', it is usually used in thissituation8

gentle ginger aging algebra

Egyptologist ge# origin gy#

2. f j follo$s a short vo$el sound, it is usually spelled $ith dge. 6his is because the letter j, is neverdoubled in English.

badge ridge dodge partridge gadget

judge edge s#udge judge#ent budget

$he Sound% /h/

6he sound ch has t$o spellings8 thafter a short vo$el, hany$here else8

$itch sketch botch satchel

catch hatchet kitchen escutcheon

E&ceptions8hich, rich, #uch, such, touch, bachelor, attach, sand$ich, and ostrich.

$he Sound% /kw/6his sound is AAC+ spelled $ith the letters, (u, never anything else.

Using )le

ords ending in le, such as little, re0uire care. f the vo$el sound is short, there #ust be t$o consonantsbet$een the vo$el and the le. 4ther$ise, one consonant is enough.

li ttle ha ndle ti kle a *ple

bo ttle pu ++le cru *,le a ngle

bugle a,le poodle da$dle needle idle people

-dds and Ends

1. 6he consonants, % &% k% w, and are never doubled.2. *o nor#al English $ords ends $ith the letter . A final v is al$ays spelled $ith e, no #atter $hat thepreceding vo$el sound #ay be8

have give sleeve cove


19/25

receive love connive brave

0dding Endings

6here are t$o kinds of suffi&es, those that begin $ith a vo$el and those that begin $ith a consonant. As

usual, the spelling proble#s occur $ith the vo$els8

Vowel Suies 2onsonant Suies

age ist ness cess

ant ish less #ent

ance ing ly ty

al ar ful ry

is# o hood $ard

able on $ise

an ous

a or

es ual

ed unt

er u#

est us

y ive

1. ords that end in the letter y #ust have the 'changed to ibefore adding any suffi&8

body bodily #arry #arriage

#any #anifold fa#ily fa#iliar

happy happiness puppy puppies

beauty beautiful vary various

co#pany co#panion fury furious

plenty plentiful #erry #erri#ent

2. n $ords that end in a silent e you #ust drop it before you add a vo$el suffi&. 6he silent e is no longerneeded to #ake the preceding vo$el long as the inco#ing vo$el $ill do the trick8

ride riding cure curable use usual age aging

fa#e fa#ous force forcing refuse refusal slice slicingpure purity ice icicle nose nosy convince convincing

globe global race racist pole polar offense offensive

;. ords that end in an accented short or #odified vo$el sound #ust have the f inal consonant doubledto protect that sound $hen you add a vo$el suffi&8


20/25

?uebec ?uebecker re#it re#ittance confer conferring refer referred

upset upsetting shellac shellacking occur occurred concur concurrent

*ote that this doubling is not done if the accent is not on the last syllable. f the $ord ends in a sch$a,there is no need to 9protect9 it.

open opening organ organie

focus focused refer referee

=. *or#ally you drop a silent e before adding a vo$el suffi&. 5o$ever, if the $ord ends in )eor )geandthe inco#ing vo$el is an a, o, or u, you cannot cavalierly toss out that silent e. t is not useless8 it iskeeping its lefthand letter soft, and your a% o, or u $ill not do that. 6hus8

#anage #anageable peae peaeable

courage courageous revenge vengeance

surge surgeon change changeablenotie notieable outrage outrageous

'orgeous 'eorgebludgeoned a pigeon notieably 6sk.

@. Adding consonant suffi&es is easy. Cou just add the#. !4f course you #ust change a final y to i beforeyou add any suffi&."

peace peaceful har# har#less age ageless

pity pitiful child childhood rifle riflery

/sh/

hen this sound occurs before a vo$el suffi&, it is spelled ti% si, or i.

partial cautious patient vacation

speial defiient suspiion suction

inertia deliious ratio pension

#usiian physiian optiian 0uotient

electriian nutrition statistiian e&pulsion

/ee/ ,eore a owel sui

hen ee precedes a vo$el suffi&, it is usually spelled $ith the letteri3

ndian obvious #ediu#

ingredient odiac #aterial


21/25

Spelling 4eter*ined ,' 5ord 6eaning

1. -ist and #issed sound alike, as do band and banned. 6o deter#ine the spelling, re#e#ber that )edisa pasttense tending.

a. 6he #ist drifted into the harbor.b. nearly #issed #y bus.

c. 6he #ovie $as banned in Boston.

d. 6he band played on.

2. 6he endings of dentist and finest sound alike. Deciding $hich one to use can be tricky. 4ne rule helpsbut doesnFt cover all cases8

a. istis a suffi& #eaning so#eone $ho does so#ething8 artist #achinist druggist

b. estis the ending used on superlative adjectives8 finest s$eetest longest

;. 6he sounds at the end of #usician and conditionsound alike. but....

a. ianal$ays #eans a person, $here...b. tionor sionare never used for people.

=. 5o$ do you tell $hether to use tionor sion

new words1

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