New VenturesBy: Kyle C, Maximilian, Kyle W, and Fedor

The English in the 16th century participated in many voyages of exploration but failed to establish any permanent settlements until the early 1600’s.

Poor finances religious conflict, the colonization of Ireland, and the threat of war with Spain overshadowed English interest in the Americas.

In 1497 King Henry VII of England authorized John Cabot to sail to all countries, seas, and to the east, the west and the north.

English merchants hoped that Cabot would discover a route to Asia. Cabot ended up exploring what is now Nova Scotia. Just like Columbus Cabot thought he had discovered Asia, but later voyages discovered that he did not.

Rivalry Between England and Spain By the 1570’s Queen Elizabeth I had become increasingly

anxious about Spain’s growing global power. Queen Elizabeth wanted to challenge Spain’s influence in the

Americas but she didn’t want to do it so openly. The way she did this was she secretly financed voyages by

Martin Frobisher, whose purpose was to search for a north west passage through North America to Asia.

What Frobisher ended up doing was instead of finding a route to Asia he explored the Atlantic coast of what is now Canada.

Martin Frobisher’s Voyage

On The High Seas Other things Queen Elizabeth

did to challenge Spain’s power is she gave her unofficial approval to piracy against Spanish ships and settlements.

Sea captains such as Francis Drake, cruised the shores of Spanish America, capturing treasure ships, looting towns, and inflicting heavy damage to the Spanish.

Because Spain was still the strongest power in Europe so the English did not attempt to form any colonization's in America or take any open action against the Spanish.

Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1588, King Phillip of Spain dispatched a large fleet

of ships to sail against the English fleet Large Spanish fleet called the Spanish armada Fighting to arrive at and colonize the Americas Spanish Armada consisted of 130 ships/galleons &

27,000 troops h Had greater numbers but slower ships which were

less maneuverable Ships got picked off one by one by English

Ships got picked off one by one by EnglishDevastated Spanish fleetSpanish Armada was then forced up English

Channel into North SeaFierce storms took out more galleons60-70 Spanish ships returned to SpainWith defeat of Spanish Armada, the English could

now colonize the Americas

Mercantilism

Exploration & colonization of the Americas changed European society and culture

Beginning in 1600s, many European countries, used an economic theory called mercantilism

Mercantilism means a country’s power depends on its wealth

Made every nation want to become as wealthy as possible

These countries used the Americas as a source of raw materials to manufacture goods & gain wealth

This provided markets of manufactured goods from parenting countries

This made the colonies in the Americas goal to make their parenting country self-sufficient

This theory greatly helped England build up its empireOther countries found it harder to colonize a part of the

Americas

French Presence in America1524, King Francis I of France, sent Giovanni da

Verrazano(an Italian sea captain) in search of a northwest passage

He failed1534, Jacques Cartier made 1st of 3 voyages to northern

North America & also failed1600s, the French made a serious attempt to find the

northwest passage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0e2Jr00kSU

1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec on the St. Lawrence banks though few French settled there

1609, Champlain; along with the Algonquian and Huron peoples, attacked the Iroquois confederacy

Champlain shot down 2 of 3 chiefs and wounded another

The Iroquois, frightened at how they lost them before they could do anything, fled the into the forest

Resulted in the French becoming sworn enemies to the Iroquois

Exploration of the Mississippi The Mississippi was first settled by the Native Americans]

The first European explorer to find the Mississippi was

Spanish explorer

French explorers Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette were

the first explorers from France to discover the Mississippi

river

Fur Trappers French were interested in setting up trading posts from the

Gulf of Mexico to Canada

Beaver skins sent to France made heavy profits.

Fur trappers generally had good relationships with the

natives

Native and European Relations French generally had better relationships with the natives

than the Spanish

The only native group that didn’t like the French were the

Iroquois

Many French Priests and explorers were killed and tortured

by the Natives because of the fact they weren’t accompanied

by armies like the Spanish were

Dutch Presence in AmericaAlong with Spain, Britain, France, and Russia, the

Netherlands were one of the small group of European powers to claim territory and establish a colony on the soil of North America

In the early seventeenth century, the Dutch were active traders who dominated Europe's commerce with the East Indies

Expansion to the New World was a natural outgrowth of their role in Asia, as in 1609 the United East India Company engaged the English navigator, Henry Hudson to try to find a new route to the wealthy spice islands in the East

Hudson's explorations of Staten and Manhattan Islands and what later came to be known as the Hudson River led to further expeditions by the Dutch, who were primarily interested in developing a profitable fur trade with the Indians

In 1621 the Dutch government granted a charter to the West India Company (WIC) to develop trade in the New World

Hudson's explorations of Staten and Manhattan Islands and what later came to be known as the Hudson River led to further expeditions by the Dutch, who were primarily interested in developing a profitable fur trade with the Indians

In 1621 the Dutch government granted a charter to the West India Company (WIC) to develop trade in the New World

The directors of the WIC subsequently decided to establish a permanent colony, New Netherland, in the part of the North American coast that the Dutch claimed - the area between 40 and 45 degrees latitude.

The first permanent settlers (ironically mostly French-speaking refugees from what is now Belgium) arrived in early 1624, and began to put down roots in parts of the present-day states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut.

For the next forty years, the Dutch struggled to sustain the colony. They developed a lucrative fur trade with the Indians and built villages and farms throughout the mid-Atlantic region.

The growth of English settlement in neighboring New England and conflict between England and the Netherlands eventually spelled the end of New Netherland, as Governor Peter Stuyvesant was forced to surrender New Amsterdam--soon to be renamed New York--to an English fleet in 1664.

The Dutch influence on America far outlasted the end of the colony, and can be seen in the many Dutch place names in New York, New Jersey, and elsewhere; and in the continued presence of the Dutch Reformed Church. Three future presidents--Martin Van Buren, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt--were among the many prominent Americans descended from the early Dutch settlers

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