New Topic

Fuels and Climate Chemistry

Think – what is the connection between a leaf and coal?

S3 ChemistryFuels and Climate Chemistry

Lesson 1

REVISION

By investigating renewable energy sources and taking part in practical activities to harness them, I can discuss their benefits and potential problems

SCN 3-04b

NEW LEARNING

Through investigation, I can explain the formation and useof fossil fuels and contribute to discussions on the responsible use of finite resources

SCN 4-04b

Starter Questions

1. Name 3 different forms of renewable energy

Wind, solar, wave,

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using this energy?

Advantages – it is sustainable.

Disadvantages – expensive to set up and

maintain.

Lesson 1 - Fossil Fuels

Today we will learn toName the 3 main types of fossil fuels and

explain how they are formed

We will do this byHearing about fossil fuels and watching videos

and animations on their formation

We will have succeeded if

Fossil Fuels

• Coal

• Oil

• Gas

Coal formation

How was coal formed?

• _____ is formed over millions of years from the _____ remains of _____and _____.

• They have slowly been _____.

• The _____and _____ from the earth has produced _____.

Formation of Coal Animation

How was coal formed?

• Coal is formed over millions of years from the decaying remains of plants and trees.

• They have slowly been buried .

• The heat and pressure from the earth has produced coal.

Formation of Coal Animation

Formation of oil & natural gas

How are crude oil & natural gas formed?

• Crude oil and natural gas are formed from decaying bodies of tiny _____ organisms and plants over ______ of years.

• They have slowly been ______ .

• The _____ and _____ from the earth has produced oil and gas.

Formation of oil and natural gas

How are crude oil & natural gas formed?

• Crude oil and natural gas are formed from decaying bodies of tiny sea organisms and plants over millions of years.

• They have slowly been buried.

• The heat and pressure from the earth has produced oil and gas.

Formation of oil and natural gas

Card Sort

• Work in pairs

• Sort the cards into the correct order

Fossil fuels summary

Lesson 1 - Fossil Fuels

Today we will learn toName the 3 main types of fossil fuels and

explain how they are formed

We will do this byHearing about fossil fuels and watching videos

and animations on their formation

We will have succeeded if

S3 ChemistryFuels and Climate Chemistry

Lesson 2

REVISION

By investigating renewable energy sources and taking part in practical activities to harness them, I can discuss their benefits and potential problems

SCN 3-04b

NEW LEARNING

Through investigation, I can explain the formation and useof fossil fuels and contribute to discussions on the responsible use of finite resources

SCN 4-04b

Starter Questions

1. Name the three types of fossil fuelCoal, oil and gas

2. How are they formed? (Give details!)Coal - formed over millions of years fromplants and trees. They have slowly beenburied and the heat and pressure fromthe earth has produced coal.Oil and gas - Crude oil and natural gas formedfrom decaying bodies of tiny sea organisms andplants over millions of years. They have slowlybeen buried and the heat and pressure from theearth has produced oil and gas.

Fossil Fuel Extraction and Use

Today we will learn toExplain how to extract coal and oil from the

Ground and what they are used for.

We will do this byHearing about extraction techniques used,

and why fossil fuels are finite.

We will have succeeded if

S3 ChemistryFuels and Climate Chemistry

Lesson 2

REVISION

By investigating renewable energy sources and taking part in practical activities to harness them, I can discuss their benefits and potential problems

SCN 3-04b

NEW LEARNING

Through investigation, I can explain the formation and useof fossil fuels and contribute to discussions on the responsible use of finite resources

SCN 4-04b

Starter Questions

1. Name the three types of fossil fuelCoal, oil and gas

2. How are they formed? (Give details!)Coal - formed over millions of years fromplants and trees. They have slowly beenburied and the heat and pressure fromthe earth has produced coal.Oil and gas - Crude oil and natural gas formedfrom decaying bodies of tiny sea organisms andplants over millions of years. They have slowlybeen buried and the heat and pressure from theearth has produced oil and gas.

Fossil Fuel Extraction and Use

Today we will learn toExplain how to extract coal and oil from the

ground and what they are used for.

We will do this byHearing about extraction techniques used,

and why fossil fuels are finite.

We will have succeeded ifWe can produce a fact card for others

detailing the information.

Extracting Coal• Coal must be removed from the ______

before it can be used.

• It is _______ from the ground by _______.

• This can be deep ____ mining or open cast mining.

• There were many coal mines in Lanarkshire.

• Can you name any?

Extracting Coal• Coal must be removed from the ground

before it can be used.

• It is extracted from the ground by mining.

• This can be deep pit mining or open cast mining.

• There were many coal mines in Lanarkshire.

Can you name any?

Extracting Coal – Local History!

• The industrial revolution was brought about by coal mining.

• Lesmahagow had a train station to meet demands of coal mining

• photos Lesmahagow train station

• This closed in 1954

• Crude oil and _____ are extracted from the earth‟s _______.

• This is a difficult process, it is only in recent years that ________ has made this possible.

Extracting Oil and Gas

• Crude oil and gas are extracted from the earth‟s crust.

• This is a difficult process, it is only in recent years that technology has made this possible.

Extracting Oil and Gas

Formation of oil & natural gas

Extracting Oil and Gas

• Oil is commonly found under the ____ or ancient sea beds which are now ______!

• Huge oil _____ are erected and situated far off shore where they ______ for oil which is then pumped to oil _______.

Extracting Oil and Gas

• Oil is commonly found under the sea or ancient sea beds which are now land!

• Huge oil rigs are erected and situated far off shore where they drill for oil which is then pumped to oil refineries.

1, 2) conventional fixed platforms; 3) compliant tower; 4, 5)

vertically moored tension leg and mini-tension leg platform; 6)

spar; 7,8) semi-submersibles; 9) floating production, storage, and

offloading facility; 10) sub-sea completion and tie-back to host

facility

Extracting Oil and Gas

• North Sea Oil

Why do we need oil, gas and coal?

Make a Key fact Card!

Formation and Extraction of

Crude Oil

Formation and Extraction of

Coal

Fossil Fuel Extraction and Use

Today we will learn toExplain how to extract coal and oil from the

ground and what they are used for.

We will do this byHearing about extraction techniques used,

and why fossil fuels are finite.

We will have succeeded ifWe can produce a fact card for others

detailing the information.

Lesson 3: Burning Fossil Fuels

Today we will learn

What products are made when fossil fuels

re burned

We will do this by

Watching a demonstration of

We will have succeeded if

We can complete a diagram to

Starter Questions1. Name 3 fossil fuels.

Coal, oil and natural gas.2. Name 3 things, not including

fuels, that crude oil can be used to produce.

Plastics , medicines, cosmetics, road tar, paint.

3. Which elements are present in hydrocarbon compounds?

Hydrogen and carbon only.

Burning Fossil Fuels

Today we will learn toDescribe the products when fossil fuels are

burned and examine their effects.

We will do this byDoing an experiment to burn methane and

testing the products, then watching a video about their effects.

We will have succeeded if

Burning Fossil Fuels

• Fossil fuels are mainly hydrocarbonswith minor impurities. A hydrocarbon is a compound containing carbon and hydrogen only.

• „Burning fossil fuels‟ means that hydrocarbon molecules are reacting with the oxygen molecules of the air.

Experiment 5.1

Experiment 5.1

Burning Fossil Fuels

• Natural gas, a fossil fuel, is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH4.

• Natural gas burns in a Bunsen burner. The products of the reaction are oxides of the elements that make up the hydrocarbon. Energy, mainly heat, is also given out.

Lesson 3: Burning Fossil Fuels

Today we will learn

What products are made when fossil fuels

re burned

We will do this by

Watching a demonstration of

We will have succeeded if

We can complete a diagram to

Lesson 4: Complete and incomplete combustion

Today we will learn What products are made when fossil fuels are burned with sufficient and insufficientoxygenWe will do this byWatching a demonstration of incompletecombustion and learning why there is adifferenceWe will have succeeded if

Complete combustion

• Fossil fuels (hydrocarbons) burn to produce carbon dioxide and water. For these products to form, a good air supply is needed. This is complete combustion.

• e.g.

lighter fuel + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

Complete combustion

• _____ fuels (hydrocarbons) burn to produce ______ dioxide and water. For these products to form, a good ____ supply is needed. This is __________ combustion.

• e.g.

lighter fuel + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

Incomplete combustion

• If there is not enough oxygen (from the air), the carbon in the hydrocarbon will not all be turned into carbon dioxide. This is incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide and carbon can be produced,

Incomplete combustion

• If there is not _____ oxygen (from the air), the carbon in the _________ will not all be turned into carbon dioxide. This is ________ combustion. Carbon monoxide and carbon can be produced,

Incomplete combustion

• e.g. in car engines where the supply of air is limited. With incomplete combustion, the hydrogen from the hydrocarbon still forms water.

e.g. petrol + oxygen carbon monoxide (or carbon) + water

Incomplete combustion

• Put a white tile over the bunsen burner over the safety flame

• What happens to the tile?

Experiment 5.2

Lesson 4: Complete and incomplete combustion

Today we will learn What products are made when fossil fuels are burned with sufficient and insufficientoxygenWe will do this byWatching a demonstration of incompletecombustion and learning why there is adifferenceWe will have succeeded if

Lesson 5: Air Pollution

Today we will learn

What air pollution means and where most

of the common pollutants come from

We will do this by

Learn what the main pollutants are and

ways to reduce them

We will have succeeded if

We can name the pollutants and how they are reduced

Starter TaskComplete the equations:

Complete combustion of methane

methane + oxygen _________ + water

Incomplete combustion of methane

methane + oxygen _________ + water

Air Pollution

• Air pollution is a result of impurities in the air. Most of the pollutants come from burning hydrocarbon fuels from crude oil, e.g. gas, oil, petrol and diesel.

• Air pollution is therefore more of a problem in industrial areas.

Air Pollution

• Air pollution is a result of ________ in the air. Most of the pollutants come from _______ hydrocarbon fuels from crude oil, e.g. gas, oil, petrol and diesel.

• Air pollution is therefore more of a _______ in industrial areas.

Air Pollution

• As well as damaging the environment, pollution is a health hazard, e.g. pollutant gases can contribute to lung disease and bronchitis.

Air Pollution

• As well as _________ the environment, pollution is a ______ hazard, e.g. pollutant gases can contribute to ____ disease and bronchitis.

Air Pollution

• When a hydrocarbon fuel burns completely, the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon molecules react with the air to form carbon dioxide.

• However, incomplete combustion, e.g. petrol burning in a car engine, forms carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas.

Air Pollution

• Crude oil contains small amounts of sulphur. The burning of fuels from crude oil therefore produces sulphur dioxide.

• This gas dissolves in rain water to form acid rain.

Air Pollution

• Crude oil contains small amounts of _______. The burning of fuels from crude oil therefore produces sulphur dioxide.

• This gas dissolves in rain water to form_____ rain.

• Car exhaust systems can be fitted with a catalytic converter.

• These systems contain transition metals that act as a catalyst for the reaction of harmful carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide to harmless carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

• Car exhaust systems can be fitted with a _______ converter.

• These systems contain transition metals that act as a catalyst for the reaction of _______ carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide to ________ carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

• Another way of decreasing air pollution is to improve the efficiency of combustion. This can be done by increasing the air to fuel ratio. The higher concentration of oxygen is more likely to lead to complete combustion and a consequent decrease in the formation of carbon and carbon monoxide.

Mr Wrong

Explain why this student statement is wrong…

“Acid rain has increased since catalytic converters have been fitted in cars”

Exit Task

Lesson 5: Air Pollution

Today we will learn

What air pollution means and where most

of the common pollutants come from

We will do this by

Learn what the main pollutants are and

ways to reduce them

We will have succeeded if

We can name the pollutants and how they are reduced

Lesson 6: The Carbon Cycle

Today we will learn

How the carbon cycle is present in our

everyday lives

We will do this by

Looking at sources of carbon and working

out how they are stored

We will have succeeded if

We can complete a diagram to show how

Experiment 5.3

The carbon cycle

• Place the items in the tray in the correct part of the carbon cycle.

• Hint – some types of carbon are stored in rocks, the ocean and soil. Others are in the atmosphere.

CO2 in the air &

dissolved in water

(oceans)

1. Plants absorb CO2

in photosynthesis

and make new carbon

compounds.

2. CO2 is returned

to the air when the

plant respires.

3. The carbon

taken in by

plants is then

eaten by animals.

You need 5 different coloured highlighters.

4. Dead plant &

animal material

is broken down

by decomposers.

5. Animals &

decomposers also

return CO2 to the

atmosphere by

respiration.

6. Dead material

is turned into

fossil fuels.

7. CO2 is

returned to the

atmosphere

when fossil fuels

are burnt

(combustion).

There are also huge amounts of carbon locked into carbonate rocks, e.g. Limestone.

Lesson 7: The Greenhouse Effect

Today we will learn How the greenhouse effect is affectingThe planetWe will do this byLooking at some explanations anddiagrams to explain this. Discussingsome ideas based on what you knowabout the carbon cycleWe will have succeeded if

Why is carbon dioxide increasing?

• There are two main reasons why the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is increasing:

1. More trees are being cut down. This means that there are less trees to take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis so more carbon dioxide stays in the air.

2. We are burning more fossil fuels and this makes carbon dioxide gas.

Why is carbon dioxide increasing?

• There are two main reasons why the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is _________:

1. More trees are being cut ____. This means that there are less trees to take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis so more carbon dioxide _____ in the air.

2. We are _______ more fossil fuels and this makes carbon dioxide ____.

Global Warming

• Scientists have noticed that the earth is gradually getting warmer. They think that this is because the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide are getting out of balance.

• Carbon dioxide is building up in our atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect.

• A layer of carbon dioxide makes the heat bounce back to earth, so the earth gets warmer. They call this the greenhouse effect, and it leads to global warming.

Global Warming

• Scientists have noticed that the earth is gradually getting warmer. They think that this is because the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide are getting out of balance.

• Carbon dioxide is building up in our atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect.

• A layer of carbon dioxide makes the heat ______ back to earth, so the earth gets warmer. They call this the _________ effect and it leads to ______ warming.

Is Global Warming Real?–vote!

Part 1 Part 2

sun

layer of extra

carbon dioxide

Normally the heat

energy from the sun

is radiated back

again into space but

the layer of carbon

dioxide makes it

bounce back down.

Problems of global warming

• Global warming can cause the weather to change and can also make icebergs melt so that the sea level rises. This can cause flooding in some places. Some people who live on the coast could lose their homes into the sea.

carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

The Green House Effect Questions

1. What have scientists noticed about the temperature of the earth?

2. What is the name of the main gas that causes the greenhouse effect?

3. Explain how this gas makes the earth get warmer.4. When the earth gets warm what is this called?5. What are the two things that are causing carbon

dioxide to build up in our atmosphere?6. Explain why cutting down trees makes the amount

of carbon dioxide in the air increase.7. What sort of things should we do to help prevent

the greenhouse effect from getting worse?

Answers

1. The temperature is increasing.

2. Carbon dioxide

3. It stops the suns heat escaping into space.

4. Global warming.

5. Cutting down trees and burning fossil fuels

6. Trees take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.

7. Stop burning fossil fuels and plant more trees

carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide emitters

•The balance of carbon in and out of the atmosphere is called the C_____ Cycle.•Use as many of the items as you can to show how carbon can be moved between the e____ and the atmosphere.

Lesson 7: The Greenhouse Effect

Today we will learn How the greenhouse effect is affectingThe planetWe will do this byLooking at some explanations anddiagrams to explain this. Discussingsome ideas based on what you knowabout the carbon cycleWe will have succeeded if

Lesson 8: Fractional Distillation

Today we will learn How fractional distillation is used toseparate the different hydrocarbons foundin crude oil.We will do this byWatching a demonstration of fractionaldistillation of crude oil & playing a card gameabout this topic.We will have succeeded ifWe can complete a diagram to show how theproperties of fractions change as we move downthe fractionating column.

Fractional Distillation

Fraction Boiling Range Use of

Fraction

Butane <20°C

Naphtha 20-70°C

Petrol 70-120°C

Kerosene 120-170°C

Diesel 170-270°C

Lubricating Oil 270-600°C

Crude oil is a very complex mixture of many hundreds of compounds called hydrocarbons. The mixture needs to be separated using a process called fractional distillation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCs1F_44dy4Experiment 5.4

_____ oil is a very complex mixture of many ________ of compounds called hydrocarbons. The mixture needs to be _________ using a process called fractional distillation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCs1F_44dy4Experiment 5.4

NOTESComplete the following diagram by naming the fractions:

The fractions are separated by the difference in their ranges.

ACTIVITY 6.2 Fractional Distillation Card GamesYour teacher may let you play these card games.

Properties of the Fractions

The hydrocarbons are made up of chains of carbon atoms of different lengths, some with only one or two carbon atoms; others with over 70 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbons making up the fractions coming off the top of the tower are the shortest ones; as we go down the column the chains get longer and longer. The length of the chain affects the physical properties of the fractions.

Viscosity & Flammability

VISCOSITY means how thick or „hard to pour‟ a liquid is.

e.g. A viscous liquid (like syrup) is

thicker than a liquid with low viscosity

(like water).

FLAMMABILITY means how easily something catches fire

Viscosity & Flammability

VISCOSITY means how _____ or „hard to pour‟ a ______ is.

e.g. A viscous liquid (like syrup) is

thicker than a liquid with low viscosity

(like water).

FLAMMABILITY means how ______ something catches fire

How do the properties relate?

As the fraction gets heavier,

what happens to the

• Boiling Point

• Viscosity

• Flammability

• Evaporation

Fraction

Butane

Naphtha

Petrol

Kerosene

Diesel

Lubricating Oil

increases

increases

decreases

decreases

How do the properties relate?

As the fraction gets heavier,

what happens to the

• Boiling Point

• Viscosity

• Flammability

• Evaporation

Fraction

Butane

Naphtha

Petrol

Kerosene

Diesel

Lubricating Oil

_________

_________

_________

_________

Name Chain

Length

Molecular

Mass

Boiling

Point

Ease of

Evaporation

Flammability Viscosity

Gas

Gasoline

Naphtha

Kerosene

Diesel Oil

Fuel Oil

Residue

Short

Long

Easy

Low

Runny

Summary

Crude Oil Fractions

Crude oil

enters and is

heated here

Smallest

carbon

chain

Longest

carbon

chain

Most

flammable

Least

flammable

Most

viscous

Least

viscous

Explain why fraction Fhas a higher boiling point than fraction B

Fractional Distillation Column

Fraction

Number of

Carbon Atoms

per Molecule

(short molecules)

(long molecules)

F > 25

D

E

5 to 6

6 to 11

9 to 15

15 to 25

A 1 to 4

B

C

It contains longer

molecules. These are

more difficult to

separate and turn into

a gas. Therefore more

energy is required for

F to boil.

Quick Quiz

True or False?

fraction C is more viscous than fraction E

Fractional Distillation Column

Fraction

Number of

Carbon Atoms

per Molecule

(short molecules)

(long molecules)

F > 25

D

E

5 to 6

6 to 11

9 to 15

15 to 25

A 1 to 4

B

C FALSE – Fraction E

has longer molecules

and will therefore be

more viscous than

fraction C

Quick Quiz

True or False?

fraction F is less flammable than fraction C

Fractional Distillation Column

Fraction

Number of

Carbon Atoms

per Molecule

(short molecules)

(long molecules)

F > 25

D

E

5 to 6

6 to 11

9 to 15

15 to 25

A 1 to 4

B

CTRUE – Fraction C

has shorter

molecules which

catch fire more

easily.

A Fraction 6 evaporated most easily.

B Fraction 4 is more viscous than fraction 3.

C Fraction 2 is more flammable than fraction 1.

D Fraction 5 has a lower boiling range than

fraction 4.

E The molecules in fraction 3 are larger than

those in fraction 2.

Lesson 8: Fractional Distillation

Today we will learn How fractional distillation is used to

separate the different hydrocarbons found in crude oil.

We will do this byWatching a demonstration of fractional

distillation of crude oil & playing a card game about this topic.

We will have succeeded ifWe can complete a diagram to show how the

properties of fractions change as we move down the fractionating column.

Starter Questions

1. What is fractional distillation?

Separating different fractions depending

on their boiling point.

2. Where does this take place?

An oil refinery.

Lesson 9: Fractional Distillation - uses

Today we will learn toState some uses of refined crude oil

We will do this byResearching what useful products are made

when crude oil is separated using fractional

distillation

We will have succeeded if

Some unusual oil products

Nearly everything in our lives is made from oil or made by machinery and systems dependent on oil, and transported by oil as either petrol or diesel.

Here are some items which are made from crude oil…… Any surprises??

Research

• In pairs choose a product made from crude oil to investigate.

• Write about what the oil is used for and give the benefits/disadvantages to society or the environment.

• Share your information on a poster or PowerPoint with the class

Lesson 9: Fractional Distillation - uses

Today we will learn toState some uses of refined crude oil

We will do this byResearching what useful products are made

when crude oil is separated using fractional

distillation

We will have succeeded if

Lesson 10 - Biodiesel

Today we will learn toLearn where biodiesel comes from

Make biodiesel and test it

We will do this byHearing about how biodiesel is made

We will have succeeded if

Biodiesel

• Biodiesel can be produced from waste vegetable oils.

• These oils come from plants, which get their energy from the Sun.

• You can always plant more biofuel crops therefore this fuel could be used to replace fossil fuels in the future.

Biodiesel

• Biodiesel can be produced from _____ vegetable oils.

• These oils come from ______, which get their energy from the ___.

• You can always plant more biofuel crops therefore this fuel could be used to _______ fossil fuels in the future.

Experiment 5.5 – Making Biodiesel

Aim: Make biodiesel from vegetable oilMethod:

• Measure 10cm3 of vegetable oil into a testtube

• Add 2cm3 of potassium methoxide• Stopper the test tube with a bung and

shake for 1 minute• Leave to settle overnight

Starter Questions

1. What is biodiesel made from?

Waste vegetable oils

2. Why is it being used to run your school buses?

It is made from plants therefore is a

renewable resource (you can always make

more of it)

Making Biodiesel – Day 2

• Using a pipette remove the top layer into a second test tube

• Add 2cm3 of salt solution and invert ten times. (Do not shake as an emulsion can

• form)• Leave to stand for 5 minutes.

Transfer the top layer to a third test tube.

• You have now made bio-diesel and are ready to test it.

Fuels Experiment 5.6 - Testing Biodiesel

Aim: To test the pH, viscosity and flammability of biodiesel

Method:• Pour some oil into the empty test tube so the

depth is the same as the biodiesel you have.• Tear two small pieces from the end of the pH

paper you have. Make sure they are small enough not to get caught in the test tubes.

• At the same time, add a piece to each test tube and shake them gently to make sure the paper gets wet and starts to sink into the liquids.

• Watch how fast they sink and if they change colour.

• Try to match the colour of each piece of pH paper to a number on the chart you have.

Table of Results

Property Result

pH

Viscosity

Flammability

Lesson 10 - Biodiesel

Today we will learn toLearn where biodiesel comes from

Make biodiesel and test it

We will do this byHearing about how biodiesel is made

We will have succeeded if

Lesson 11: AlkanesToday we will learn About the formulae and structures of themembers of the hydrocarbon family calledalkanes.We will do this byBuilding molecular models of alkanes, and

drawing them.We will have succeeded ifWe can use molecular formulae, full

structural formulae and shortened structural formulae when dealing with the first 8 alkanes and their isomers.

Starter Questions

1. Name 2 properties of biodiesel

pH <7, viscous

2. What is a hydrocarbon?

A compound that contains carbon and

hydrogen only

Lesson 11: AlkanesToday we will learn About the formulae and structures of themembers of the hydrocarbon family calledalkanes.We will do this byBuilding molecular models of alkanes, anddrawing them.We will have succeeded ifWe can use molecular formulae, fullstructural formulae and shortenedstructural formulae when dealing with thefirst 8 alkanes and their isomers.

Lesson 12: CrackingToday we will learn toHow to get the most from oil by catalyticcracking of alkanesWe will do this byCarrying out catalytic cracking of

paraffin.We will have succeeded ifWe can describe how to carry out

catalytic cracking and complete reaction equations to show the products of cracking alkanes.

Starter Questions

1. What is biodiesel made from?

Waste vegetable oils

2. Why is it being used to run your school buses?

It is made from plants therefore is a

renewable resource (you can always make

more of it)

Experiment 5.7

Collect this gas and put a stopper in!

Test with Bromine water

• Take the test tube of gas collected from cracking

• Add 5 drops of bromine water

• What happens to the colour?

Test with Bromine water

• The bromine water changes from orange to colourless

• We started with an alkane, but an alkane would NOT change colour

• What happens has happened?

Catalytic Cracking

• Catalytic cracking involves breaking down long chain alkanes into smaller more useful molecules

• The catalyst used is called aluminium oxide. It means that the reaction can be carried out at a lower temperature

• Alkanes and alkenes are both made

Catalytic Cracking

• Catalytic cracking involves _______ down long chain alkanes into _______ more useful molecules

• The catalyst used is called aluminium oxide. It means that the reaction can be carried out at a _____ temperature

• _______ and alkenes are both made

Lesson 12: CrackingToday we will learn toHow to get the most from oil by catalytic

cracking of alkanesWe will do this byCarrying out catalytic cracking of

paraffin.We will have succeeded ifWe can describe how to carry out

catalytic cracking and complete reaction equations to show the products of cracking alkanes.

Starter Questions

1. What is the alkane with 3 carbons called?

Propane

2. What is the alkane with 5 carbons called?

Pentane

Lesson 13: AlkenesToday we will learn About the formulae and structures of themembers of the hydrocarbon family calledalkenes.We will do this byBuilding molecular models of alkenes, anddrawing them.We will have succeeded ifWe can use molecular formulae, fullstructural formulae and shortenedstructural formulae when dealing with theFirst 4 alkenes and their isomers.

Lesson 13: AlkenesToday we will learn About the formulae and structures of themembers of the hydrocarbon family calledalkenes.We will do this byBuilding molecular models of alkenes, anddrawing them.We will have succeeded ifWe can use molecular formulae, fullstructural formulae and shortenedstructural formulae when dealing with theFirst 4 alkenes and their isomers.

Tell me three things...

you have done well

you would like to find out more about

you know now that you didn’t know 50 minutes ago

Starter Questions

?

1. What is the missing part of the equation for the cracking reaction shown below?

2. Which structure(s) shows an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

3. What is the colour change which is expected in bromine solution when it reacts with an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

It changes colour from orange to clear and colourless.

A B C

Fist to Five

Rate your understanding of today’s lesson using your

fingers for each of the topics below:

1. Drawing full structural formulae of alkenes and cycloalkanes

2. Drawing shortened structural formulae of alkenes and cycloalkanes

3. Systematic naming of alkenes from drawings

4. Drawing alkenes from their systematic names.