Classification & Processes

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PLANTS:How are plants divided up?

How are they related?

How are they different?

Nomenclature: (naming of species)

PLANTS

Nonvascular Vascular

Mosses

Lichens

NOT A PLANT:Fungi/ lichen mushrooms

SEEDSNO-SEEDS

Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

Monocots

Dicots

Conifers

NO-SEEDS

Ferns

Horsetails

I. Nonvascular plants (“lacking vessels”), short & delicate

A. NOT PLANTS: 1) lichens: grow on tree; looks like scales/shells

2) fungi/mushrooms: grow on the ground

B. Mosses

1. cling to damp soil, rocks, shady trees

2. are tiny plants (1-2 inches tall)

3. leaves are only 1-2 cells thick

4. anchored with rhizoids (hair-like fibers)-not roots.

5. seedless; grow from spores

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II. Vascular: “having vessels” to carry water/minerals up & down the plant

divided into Seedless & seeds

SEEDLESS SEEDS

Vascular

REMINDER: Mark plant classification chart

SEEDLESS: do not have seeds; use spores to reproduce, grow tall & thick

EXAMPLE: fern VIDEO (1 min)

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REMINDER: Mark plant classification chart

SEEDS:

GYMNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS

1. Gymnosperms (naked seed); no flowers; oldest kind of seed plants,

they like cold/dry climates,

use sexual reproduction,-needs something to spread the

pollen (male part) to the egg (female part) for a seed to be made… WIND

produce seeds on female cones

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REMINDER: Mark plant classification chartHSW Video: Gymnosperms 1 min)

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2. Angiosperms (flowering) produce flowers, form the largest division in plant kingdom; live lots of places/climates

•Use sexual reproduction/ pollination- needs something to spread pollen to

egg… INSECTS

•form seeds inside their fruits

VIDEO: HSW Angiosperms 1 min

VIDEO: HSW Plant reproduction 1 min

•trick insects into pollinating them by having colorful, fragrant flowers & sweet nectar

•trick animals into transporting and ‘planting’ seed by making a yummy fruit for the animal to ingest & later pass as waste

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Angiosperms

MONOCOTS DICOTS

•Examples: fruits, vegetables, grains, most nuts

•Have a seed leaf or COTYLEDONS (2 kinds)

Cotyledon: first leaves

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COTYLEDONS:

1.Monocots have one cotyledon, (corn, rice, wheat, grasses)

2.Dicots have 2 cotyledons (bean plant, roses, cacti)

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Plant Parts:What are the parts of a plant?

What are their jobs?

What parts do you know? What do they do for the plant?

Parts of a plant: What are they for?

1.Seeds

2.Roots

3.Stem

4.Leaves

5.Flowers

•Makes more of the plant (babies)

•Takes in water, anchors it, stops erosion

•Holds up plant, water up & down

•Makes food for the plant, breathes

•Attracts a pollinator to make a seed

Plant Life cycle

What do plants need to survive?

water

Air

(carbon dioxide)Soil

(minerals)

sunlight

LAB:

Students design an experiment to test for needs of a plant:Choose a variable-

Sunlight

Water

Soil

Air

Important processes:

1.Germination process by which a seed sprouts

2.Pollination process of spreading pollen to fertilize a flower’s egg to make a seed

3.Transpiration leaves releasing water into the air

4.Respiration leaves releasing oxygen

5.Photosynthesis plants turn sunlight into food

PLANT PARTS:

Seeds LINK (Seamon ppt)

Roots LINK (Seamon ppt)

Leaves LINK (Seamon ppt)

Stem LINK (Seamon ppt)

Flowers LINK (Seamon ppt)

Biodiversity Video Biology: Plants (17 min)

PLANTS video United Streaming VIDEO (20 min)

PLANTS video united Streaming: plants and humans ( 15 min)

The Ecotree LINK

The Wild Classroom LINK

PLANT LABS:1. Leaves: Identify & graph your collection into journal; view & draw fern spores;

Answer questions in Plant Journal.

2. Flowers: identify & draw 5 local spring flowers on white paper. Glue into journal.Roots: identify fibrous & taproots; draw 7 label root parts in journal; Answer questions in Plant Journal.

3. Seeds: seed dissection: label 3 parts of the seed into journal; observe pine nuts in pinecones-- sketch into journal; Answer questions in Plant Journal.

4. Stems: Compare three different types of bark. Notice the color & texture. How do the grains run? Is there a pattern? Create a bark rubbing with a dark crayon (rubbed sideways). Sketch the three specimens.

Header:

LAB: LEAVESRULES: BE GENTLE WITH THE LEAVES. They are fragile!

• What kinds of leaves are in your envelope? ___________, ______________, _______________, _______________, ______________

• Write how many of each kinds of leaves on the lines above.

• Sketch one of the leaves, labeling the blade, veins, midriff, & petiole

• What are the three processes performed by the leaves for the plant. _______________, ______________, _______________

• What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? _____________________________________________________________

Header:

Leaf Bank: oak, maple, dogwood, elm, beech, redbud, sweetgum

LAB: SEEDSRULES: BE CAREFUL DISSECTING THE SEEDS.

• What is the purpose of a seed? ______________________________________

• What is the process of a seed sprouting into a young plant? ________________

• How do seeds travel? _____________________________________________

• What is the difference between a monocot & a dicot? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Sketch the following parts of your dissected lima bean seeds: (seed coat, cotyledon, small embryo)

• Name 5 seeds that we eat. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Header:

LAB: ROOTSRULES: BE GENTLE WITH THE ROOTS. They are wilting!

• What is the purpose of a root for a plant? ____________________, __________________________________

• What part of the root that carries water up the plant? _____________

• What part of the root carries water & nutrients down the plant? _____________

• Sketch & label the roots you have in your station into your journal. (root hairs, rootcap, fibrous root, taproot)

• What is the difference between a fibrous root and a taproot? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Name some roots that we eat. _________________________________________________________________________

Header:

LAB: STEMRULES: BE GENTLE WITH THE BARK SPECIMENS.

• What is the purpose of a stem for a plant? ______________________________

• Compare three different types of bark. Notice the color & texture. How do the grains run? Is there a pattern? Sketch the three specimens.

• What is a vine?___________________________________

• What is a runner? __________________________________

Header:

FLOWER DissectionDissect your flower, sketch and label the following parts.

Male parts BLUE

Stamen

Anther

pollen

Female parts RED

Pistil

Stigma

Ovary: Egg

OTHER:

Sepals Petals

FLOWER DissectionDissect your flower, sketch and label the following parts.

Male parts BLUE

Stamen

Anther

pollen

Female parts RED

Pistil

Stigma

Ovary: Egg

OTHER:

Sepals Petals