Causes of Common Disease in Cadets in the Philippine National Police Academy

in the School Year 2012-2013

  

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of thePhilippine National Police Academy

     

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the DegreeBachelor of Science in Public Safety

   

                                                                                                                 by  

   

Cdt 2C JEROME D. BUENOCdt 2C ALTA XERXES Y. CABILLAGECdt 2C DEMOCRITOS D. PAGULAYAN

     

   

FEBRUARY 2012

ENDORSEMENT SHEET

Republic of the PhilippinesPhilippine Public Safety College

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMYCamp General Mariano N. Castañeda Silang Cavite

This thesis proposal attached hereto entitled, “CAUSES OF COMMON DISEASES IN CADETS IN THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY IN THE SCGOOL YEAR 2012-2013”, prepared and submitted by  Cdt 2c JEROME D. BUENO, Cdt 2C ALTA XERXES Y. CABILLAGE and Cdt 2c DEMUCRITUS D. PAGULAYAN, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Public Safety, has been examined and is hereby recommended for oral examination.                                                                                      ________________________                                                                                    Adviser’s Name and Signature               Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Public Safety, with a grade of ______.   

________________________Chairman

  

____________________                                                      ____________________            Member                                                                                      Member  

Accepted as partial fulfillment for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PUBLIC SAFETY

FEBRUARY 2012  

PSSUPT ADELIO BENJAMIN G CASTILLODean of Academics

TABLE OF CONTENTS  

Chapter                                       Title Page       Title Page I  Endorsement Sheet Ii  Table of Contents Iii  List of Tables Iv  List of Figures V     1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1    Introduction 1    Theoretical Framework 3    Conceptual Framework 3    Statement of the Problem 6    Statement of the Hypothesis 7    Significance of the Study 7    Scope and Delimitation 8    Definition of Terms 9     2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 11    Foreign Literature and Related Studies 12    Local Literature and Related Studies 19    Relevance of Related Literature and Studies 20    Synthesis of Reviewed Literature and Studies 20     3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21    Research Design 21    Sources of Data 21    Population and Sampling Procedure 22    Data Gathering Procedure 25    Instrumentation 26    Analysis of Data 27       BIBLIOGRAPHY 31       APPENDICES 33    Letter request to the Dean of Academics for the conduct of

the study33

    Letter request to the respondents of the study 34    Interview guide that will be utilized in the study 35    Survey questionnaire that will be used in the study        36

        

  

LIST OF TABLES  Table No.                                              Title                                                             Page             1                                         Sampling size                            `                          24  

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

 

Introduction

            In today’s generation, looks and presentation have always played a big impactin adolesc

ents. Adolescents take much time just to pamper themselves and give their outmost effort to

satisfy their needs for comfort, belongingness and, self-esteem. But, what happens if the situation

itself provides limited resources for a person to comply with their daily bathing and grooming

needs? This in turn makes them vulnerable for humiliation, decrease self-confidence and, most

especially to diseases brought about by bad hygiene.

A good hygiene is always important in a day to day activity to make one feel confident in

dealing with others and more importantly in making one work effectively because it avoids the

discomforts that diseases may bring. A similar problem is observed by the researchers in the

Philippine National Police Academy. A cadet’s life is always busy, not to mention the rigidity of

the training they go through and the weather they always encounter. They are always required to

be active which entails unending sweating. With their number, cadets face a dilemma keeping

their hygiene desirable every day. Often times, water supply becomes scars which limit the

cadet’s ability in keeping themselves clean and refreshed. In times when there is no running

water in the faucets, they have wake up early in the morning to fetch water. This is a constant

scenario during summer seasons when the corps of cadets is busy in their summer training. This

season also predisposes them to diseases like boils, sour eyes, mouth sores and diarrhea which

are the most common diseases prevailing in the academy.

The researcher sees these problems and therefore would like to aid in the cadets in the

suffering. That is why the researchers choose this problem for they want to prevent and provide

solution to this problem.

Theoretical framework (ikaw na bahala ani bro, wala jud koy Makita na reference…. Ana

amomg adviser basta descriptive na research pede wala nay conceptual, theoretical lang)

Statement of the problem

            This study was conducted to investigate the causes of common diseases in cadets in the

Philippine National Police Academy in the School year 2012-2013. Specifically, the study

attempts to answer the following questions:

a. What are the causes of common diseases in the Philippine National Police Academy in

the School year 2012-2013?

b. What is the degree of the necessity of maintaining a good hygiene in the cadets in the

Philippine National Police Academy in the School year 2012-2013?

c. What is the degree of significance of the proposed measures given by the researchers to

the cadets in preventing diseases?

Null Hypothesis

            There is no significant difference in the perceived cause of common diseases in cadets in

the Philippine National Police Academy in school year 2012-2013. 

 

Significance of the study

            The Philippine national police academy is an institution that molds civilians to be

disciplined individuals. Before becoming an officer, they should first undergo training. This

training will be the way to their success. They are called cadets. They are fit in all aspects of

health. Healthy body can be attained by observing proper hygiene.

            So, the conduct of this research will benefit the following:

a. Cadets. They are the primary beneficiary of this study because it concerns their health

and hygiene. How they avoid diseases brought by the supply of water.

b.  Philippine National Police Academy. The institution would benefit this said research

because it would enable them to be knowledgeable of the needs of the cadets which

would lead to the prompt remedy of the said problem and therefore empower its cadets to

give their best in their daily trainings and activities to mold them to what the institution is

aiming for.            

c. Future researchers. This study will be an added reference for their works that has

connection with hygiene, health and water supply problems.

 

Scope and Delimitation of the study

The research undertaken will focus on the cause of common diseases in cadets in the

Philippine National Police Academy, the degree of the necessity of maintaining a good hygiene

in the cadets and, the degree of significance of the proposed measures given by the researchers to

the cadets in preventing diseases in the school year 2012-2013. Other data not related to the

topics above is not included in the study.

           

Definition of terms

Age  is the number of years from birth of the respondents to their last

birthday.

Cadet Corps  refers to the whole members of cadets in PNPA with regimented

way of life.

            Educational attainment

Refers to the highest level of formal education reached by the

respondent’s, and classified into high school graduate, vocational,

college level, and college graduate level. In this study, it refers to

the formal schooling reached by the cadet upon entering the

academy.

            Gender Refers to the sex of a person classified into male and female

            Hygiene Is the rule of cleanliness for preserving health particularly to the

cadets. It is the study of cleanliness. IT affects the appearance and

performance of every cadet at their barracks.

Plebes Refer to the fourth class who are not yet recognized by the

upperclassman of the cadet corps.

Professor Is a person who teaches or gives information, In this study, This

term has been used to include all teachers teaching collegiate

courses with doctorate degree.

Quantity of water  Is the amount of water that is intended for the cadets to use for

bathing. The amount of water present to each cadet’s they need in

their day to day activities to keep them clean and away from

different diseases.

Quality of water Refers to the cleanliness of the water that supplied to each cadets

barracks which is good for drinking.

Underclassmen Are fourth class, third class and second class cadets. These are the

working force of the cadet corps. The plebes or fourth class is the

lowest of the three classes.

Water supply Is to provide water in the cadet’s corps. It is a cadet’s basic need

for them to be clean and healthy to have a good appearance and

good performance.

 

  Acronyms

                        BSPS -           Bachelor of science in Public safety

                        CAD -          Cadet affairs Department

                        CAO               -           Cadet affairs Office

                        GSS -           General support service

                        HS -           Health service

                        TAC-O           -          Tactical officers

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

            This chapter presents a review of the relevant materials gathered by the researchers.

These are classified as foreign and Local Related Literatures and Studies.

 

 

Foreign Literature and Related Studies

            It is indicated in the book entitled Environmental Strategies Handbook but Rao V.

Kolluru which states that although official data show significant progress on the 1980’s, access

to uncontaminated water has barely keep pace with the population increase; despite a doubling of

water supply in rural areas between 1980 and 1990, nearly one billion people in the developing

world are still without access to clean water. Water quality has continued to deteriorate with

disease-bearing human wastes being the most widespread cause of contamination. More than 1.7

billion people worldwide must content with inadequate sanitation facilities; and in urban areas

the absolute number of people without sanitation has in fact increased during the 1980’s by

around 70 million. Moreover, even where the access to sanitation services has been improved,

sewage frequently remains maltreated-in Latin, America as 2% of sewage received any

treatment. (Rao V. Kolluru)

            The use of polluted water for bathing and during is one of the principal pathways for

infection by disease can kill millions and sicken more than one billion people each year. Unsafe

water is major contributor to the 900 million cases of diarrheal annually, leading to 3 million

deaths.

            This book talks about what are the effects of water in us. Not only experiencing water

shortage for bathing can affect hygiene, it is also by consuming polluted water. It is stated that

millions of people die because of water pollution. This water is contaminated.

            Water supply is a well ground water generally used in smaller communities where less is

consumed. Because of the water through the ground, there will be normally less treatment

needed. However, there will be usually a higher mineral content that tends to make water dirty.

            Deep wells tap ground water can be dug or drilled. Wells are excavated through the

ground. This supply of water deposited beneath the ground cannot supply the demands of the

population of the corps of cadets. Thus, water interruption before has been experience. As a

result, the cadet’s resolves to fetch water to for their needs.( Coliers encyclopedia).

The quality of water from different sources varies widely. Precipitation absorbs gasses

from the atmosphere and removes particles from the air. As the precipitation strikes the ground,

it becomes surface water runoff or enters the ground.( Encyclopidia Britanica)

  The Philippine National Police Academy gets its supply from deep well drilled to the

ground and according to this book that pathogenic bacteria and viruses can affect the human

body end the bodies of certain warm-blooded animals. The disease causing organisms are most

commonly transmitted to water by fecal contamination.

These pathogenic bacteria may be in the source of water supply of the academy as to the

researcher belief that it has an effect regarding the cadet’s hygiene.

            Hygiene refers to the set of practices perceived by a community to be associated with the

preservation of health and healthy living. While in modern medical sciences, there are set of

standards to hygiene recommended for different situation. What is considered hygienic or not

can vary between different cultures, genders and certain groups. Some regular hygienic practices

may be considered good habits by a society while the neglect of it is considered disgusting,

disrespectful or even threatening. ( `Wkipidia. Org)

             To the researchers, hygiene is an important practice; the cadets should not take for

granted as future public safety officer for they are going to interact with the people in accordance

with their duties. As an officer, it is a must that they should be neat and clean. But if the

continuous water shortage is present, their need to have a proper hygiene is not accomplished.

            Drinking water or potable (water), is water of sufficiently high quality the can be

consumed or used with low risk of long term harm. In most developed community. The water

supplied to household commerce and is all of drinking water standard even though only a very

small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation typical to include washing.

(Hunt, Elgin F)

            In relation to the above article, the researchers has come to a point to say that water

flowing from the faucets at the barracks is not good for oral hygiene which is usually observed

by the cadets.

            Bathing is washing or cleaning of the body by fluid, usually water or an aqueous solution.

It may be practiced for personal hygiene, religious ritual or therapeutic purposes or as a

recreational activity. (English Leo James)

            The main purpose of bathing is for personal hygiene. It is a means of achieving by taking

away dirt and a preventive measure to reduce the spread of disease. It also reduces body odors. It

creates a since of well-being and the physical appearance of cleanliness. (Sheik, Anes A.)

In western culture, it is typical for people to bathe in the morning before starting the day’s

activity or meeting others outside home. Arriving at work without having showered may be seen

as a sign of unprofessionalism or slovenliness. In contrast, people in Asia and Eastern Europe

customarily bathe twice a day especially during the evening, the rationale is that after work one

should remove sweat ad dirt in order to get comfortable and clean. One should also note the

humility in the Eastern Asian countries can be quite high. As a result, frequent shower needed to

remove the sticky feeling.

            As to what the recent article stated that bathing is important and bathing frequently

should be observed to observed personal hygiene. That as to the East Asian countries that is high

humid, but at the researchers point of view to be a cadet having a bath constantly throughout the

day is normal knowing that the Philippines is a tropical country adds to the factors that perspiring

is normal.

            Given the short amount of time to take a bath after activities to consider the availability

of bathing thoroughly is hard for the underclass cadets and other instances that there’s an activity

one after the other.

            Water quality it is impractical to detect, differentiate, or enumerate the pathogens

organisms that are present in water and wastewater. Therefor to monitor water quality, water is

tested for indicators organisms that are present when fecal contamination occurs. The coliform

group is the most common bacterial indicators of fecal contamination and standards or guidelines

have been established. (Glynn Henry)

            Water used for drinking and bathing can serve, as a vehicle for the transmission of a

variety of human enteric pathogens that cause waterborne diseases. The detection of pathogens in

water is difficult, uneconomical, and impractical in routine water analysis.

 “Chlorine has been hailed as the savior against cholera and various other water-borne

diseases, and rightfully so,” says Steve Harrison, president of water filter maker Environmental

Systems Distributing. “Its disinfectant qualities…have allowed communities and whole cities to

grow and prosper by providing disease-free tap water to homes and industry.”

What are the advantages of chlorination?

Controls Disease-Causing Bacteria: Disease-causing bacteria may enter your well during

construction, repair, flooding or as a result of improper construction. Proper chlorination will kill

these bacteria. If disease-causing bacteria enter your water supply on a continuous basis, you

must eliminate the source or construct a new water supply.

Controls Nuisance Organisms: Chlorine treatment will control nuisance organisms such

as iron, slime and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Iron bacteria feed on the iron in the water. They may

appear as a slimy, dark-red mass in the toilet tank but microscopic examination is needed to

confirm their presence. Iron bacteria colonies may break loose from the inside of pipes and flow

through faucets to cause stains in laundry, plumbing fixtures, etc. A thorough shock chlorination

of the well and water system may destroy all iron bacteria colonies. However, iron bacteria that

have penetrated the water-bearing formation will be difficult to eliminate and will likely re-infest

the system. In this situation you will need to repeat chlorination treatment periodically. Other

nuisance organisms include sulfate-reducing bacteria which produce a rotten-egg odor.

Chlorination will kill or control these bacteria. Nuisance bacteria do not cause disease.

Mineral Removal: You can remove large amounts of iron from water by adding chlorine to

oxidize the clear soluble iron into the filterable reddish insoluble form. Chlorine helps remove

manganese and hydrogen sulfide in the same way. For a complete discussion of iron and

manganese removal see Extension Service publication "Treatment Systems for Household Water

Supplies -- Iron and Manganese Removal."

What are the disadvantages of chlorination?

No Nitrate Removal: Chlorine will not remove nitrates from water. The claims of some

water treatment firms imply that nitrates can be removed by chlorination. This is not true.

Adding chlorine may prevent nitrates from being reduced to the toxic nitrite form; however,

nitrates are not removed from water by chlorination.

Causes Smell and Bad Taste: Chlorine in water is not poisonous to humans or animals.

However, if the concentration is great enough the water will taste bad so consumption may be

reduced. Some people object to the smell and/or taste of very small amounts of chlorine.

In those cases an activated carbon or charcoal filter may be used to remove the chlorine

from the drinking water.

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are organic chemicals that may form when chlorine is used to

treat water supplies that contain holmic compounds. Holmic compounds form as a part of the

decomposition of organic materials such as leaves, grass, wood or animal wastes. Because THMs

are very seldom associated with groundwater, they are primarily a concern where surface water

supplies are used.

Lifetime consumption of water supplies with THMs at a level greater than 0.10

milligrams per liter is considered by the Environmental Protection Agency to be a potential cause

of cancer. THMs can be removed from drinking water through use of an activated carbon filter.

 

 

Local Literature and Related Study

            Over the large parts of the world, have inadequate access to portable water source and

their sources are contaminated, pathogens or unacceptable levels of toxins and bacteria. Such

water is not suited for drinking or to use such in food preparation, levels to widespread acute and

chronic illness and is a major cause of death and misery in many countries. Reduction of

waterborne disease is a major public health goal in developing countries. (De Guzman, Raul P.

1989)

            The quality of ground water varies widely. Natural water quality is diminished by

resolution of soluble rocks and minerals. If the limestone are abundant, hard water is therefore

common. Toxic chemical are sometimes added through human activities in he ground water

occurs slowly. Monitoring, training and treating ground water is impossibility because the water

remains in its aquifer. (Maria Chona Sulit-Baraganza)

 

Relevance of Related Literature and studies

            The research regarding water supply affects the quality of water, quantity of water.

Availability of water in the Philippine National Police Academy and can it affect be affected by

instances of faucets and pipelines are defective which leads to inconvenience to the part of the

cadet’s.

 

Synthesis of Reviewed literature and Studies

            These studies had been conducted on the issue of the cadet’s practices of having proper

hygiene. Tracing what covers that the water supply has much contribution to this with regards to

the availability, quality and quantity of the supply and to consider the large demand of it from the

cadet corps. There have been measures taken to prevent the problem and the researchers hope to

that this study will help the future researchers with related to

Chapter 3

 

 

Research Methodology

 

 

            The descriptive type of research was used in this study . Descriptive method of research

is fact-finding study that is adequate and accurate in interpreting the findings. It describes what

the study is about. It describes with emphasis what really exists such as current conditions,

practices, situations, or any phenomena. Since the investigation was concerned with the causes

of common diseases in cadets, extent of how the cadets feel the necessity of maintaining a good

hygiene to prevent diseases that affects the cadets in the Philippine National Police Academy

who are studying the in the school year 2012-2013, the descriptive method of research was the

most necessary method to apply. Using this method, the concerned individual will be able to

visualize and understand the said effects of the problem to the people involve and come up with

a concise plan to aid the problem.    

     

Source of Data

            The study will employ two kinds of data gathering some primary and secondary data. The

primary data will talk about data from the respondents chosen inside the academy with the use of

interview materials where the causes of common diseases, and how the cadets feel regarding the

need to address their dilemma and the measures the may be taken by the concerned agency to

settle it.  The secondary data is collected from encyclopedia, health related books and other

reference materials that has connection with the topic of water shortage that can affect cadet’s

hygiene and also by the use of the internet for additional information of the research.

 

Population and Sampling Procedure

            In the conduct of the study, the researchers employed and applied the random sampling

technique in consideration that the researchers have limited time only to gather data. The

researchers decided to take 10% from the total number of cadets in the academy and divided the

number the 4 year level to provide the number of cadets that would represent each year level.

(Bro, kamo na fill up ani nga computation kay I do not know the number of students per

year level and section. E-check tarong kay murag naa arror sa computation ninyo, patabang mo

sa kabalo magkuha og sample size) “There were a total of one thousand (272) that composes of 

class 2015, The p opulation size is composed of sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 with 39 cadets per

section, decided to limit the number to 100, composed of ninety (180) cadets.

            Using the Slovin Formula, the recommended sample size is found to be, two hundred

eighty four (284) members of class 2013, one eighty nine (189) members of class (189) members

of class 2014 and two hundred ninety one (291) members of class 2015.”-e-rech ni pagcompute,

unya itugma sa akong gibutang sa taas na sampke size, if murag daghan ra kayo, kamo na

adjust.)

            Table 1shows the distribution of the respondents in the study.  NSlovin(Paki-check and fomula, sa akong copy kay n= ----------- )

1 + Ne2

   N

                                    n          =          _______________

                                                            1          +          Ne

            Where:

                        n          - sample size

                        N         - population size

                        E         - desired margin of error that samples are representative of   

                                      the population

Table 1. Sample size (osba ninyo ni)

           

YEARLEVEL

SECTION(EXAMPLE LANG NI KAY

WALA KO KABALO SA MGA PANGALAN SA SECTIONS NINYO, E-

CHANGE LANG)

TOTAL NO. OF STUDENTS

NO. OF REPRESENTATIVES

Total represenatatives

per year level(10% OF TOTAL POPULATION)

1

ALFA 40 4BETA 40 4CHARLIE 40 4DELTA 40 4ECHO 40 4FOXTROT 40 4GOLF 40 4 28

2

ALFA 40 4BETA 40 4CHARLIE 40 4DELTA 40 4ECHO 40 4FOXTROT 40 4GOLF 40 4 28

3

ALFA 40 4BETA 40 4CHARLIE 40 4DELTA 40 4ECHO 40 4FOXTROT 40 4GOLF 40 4 28

4

ALFA 40 4BETA 40 4CHARLIE 40 4DELTA 40 4ECHO 40 4FOXTROT 40 4GOLF 40 4 28

Total 1120 112 112

            In this study, the researchers used pure random sampling technique. This technique offers

the cadets an equal chance of being selected to be included in the sample. This is also called a

lottery or raffle type of sampling. This sampling technique will enable the researchers to pick a

subgroup from a larger group, and the use this subgroup as basis for making judgment about the

larger group. To ensure that different group of a population are adequately represented in the

sample.

Data gathering procedure

            A request letter will be given to the respondents prior to the conduct of interview and

survey, asking for his consent for the information that the researchers will gain from the

respondents. Prior to the conduct of survey and interview to the respondents the researchers also

ask authorization from the dean of academics in a request letter to conduct the study at the

Philippine National Police Academy.

            The conduct of interview is one-on-one and will involve the collection of data from direct

verbal interaction between the researchers and the respondents.

            Prior to the conduct of interview a request letter will be presented to the respondent for

his consent of the interview, and it state that the confidentiality of the interview will remain with

the conduct of interview.

            In case if the targeted respondent is not available. Random selection from the list of the

corps of cadets conducted. This form of selection will be observed in order to achieve the

targeted number of study respondent.

 

 

Instrumentation

            The instrument that was used in the research is the Questionnaire Method. In this method,

questionnaires are given to the respondents individually and are asked to answer by checking or

rating what is asked in each questionnaire given unto them. The materials are then collected after

they have truthfully answered each question and then are gathered for tabulation and analysis. 

Part 1. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS    

            Before writing the draft an informal group discussion with the presence of two (2) tactical

officer two (2) pnpa personnel in charge of the water supply  of the academy will be conducted

in this discussion, the researchers will act as moderator, as the moderator we will steer the

discussion in order to get the needed for research

            From the results of the group discussion, a set of questionnaire will be forwarded to the

researcher’s adviser for critics, suggestions and recommendations.

            Pre-testing of the questionnaire will be conducted to the respondents at the same locale

with the actual respondents whom the researchers will be choosing. These pre-test respondents

will be drawn from individuals who are not likely to serve as substitutes in case the actual

respondents to be drawn are not available. The pre-test respondents most have the same

capabilities, same tasks that they are performing, and the same ideas.

            When the recommendations from the different advisers are gathered and analyzed, the

drafted questionnaires will be pre-tested to the areas where the respondents are chosen. The

substitutes shall be used in the pre-testing so that they can be utilized in case the respondents are

not available. This is the last part it is about the perception of the respondents regarding with the

study of the causes of common disease of fourth class cadets.

            The final questionnaire will be composed of three parts. The first part is the respondent

profile which contains the category, age, gender and educational attainment.

            The second part is the factors that influence common disease of the fourth class cadets in

terms of the hygiene factor, physical factor, and external factor that affects the health of the

fourth class cadets .

            The third part is the proposed measures to address causes of common disease of the

fourth class cadets.

 

Analysis of Data

            The researchers used the percentage to establish the respondent’s profile, to interpret the

counting percentage and weighted mean and the assessment of the score according to the use of

Likert scale.

            Percentage (%) is determined by obtaining the frequency of the respondents and the total

number of respondents multiplied by the constant 100.

 

 

            Formula:

                        P=f/n(100)

 

            Where:

                        P         - is the percentage

                        f           - frequency

                        n          - is the total number of respondents

                        100     - constant

Computation of the weighted mean:

a.    Number of respondents for each weight multiplied by the weight of each value of the scale.

b.    The products were added, and then divide by the total number of respondents.

c.    The quotient is the weighted mean for the particular item.

            Formula:

                        WM= ∑fx/N

                                    Where WM is the weighted mean, ∑fx is the sum of the

product of the frequency times the row score, and N is the number                                 of

respondents.

One way Analysis of Variance (F-test)

            Formula:

                        F=       MSb

                                    MSw

            Where:

                        F          = F test value

                        MSb    = mean square between group

                        MSw   = mean square within groups

 

A five- point rating scale will be adopted in order to describe the relevance of the

respondent’s answers with the problem of the study which is the cuases of common disease of

class fourth-class men. The five point rating scale is shown below:

    Scale               Verbal Interpretation                                     Limits

      5                    Highly Influence                                          4.20 – 5.00

      4                    Influence                                                      3.40 – 4.19

      3                    Moderate Influence                                     2.60 -  3.39

      2                    Less Influence                                             1.80 -  2.59

      1                    No Influence                                                 1.00 – 1.79

            The weighted mean (WM) is the sum of the product of the frequency and the unit weight

(∑ fw) divided by the number of the respondents (N). The following formula will be used in the

computation of the respondent’s answers to the contribution of hygiene, physical factor and

external factor that causes common disease to the fourth-class cadets in their cadetship training.

The formulas cited will ensure the credibility of the result of the study.

 

 

            WEIGHTED MEAN                                                         ∑fxi

                                                 X = --------                                                                  n

 

 

 

where:

                        x      -    weighted  mean score

                        f       -    number of responses falling under a given category

                        xi        -    the nth numerical value of the variable

                        n      -    total number of respondents in the set

 

            The researchers will use one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the

existence of a significant difference in the assessment of the group of respondents on the causes

of common diseases  to fourth-class cadets’ hygiene on their cadetship training. The researchers

will use one-way analyses of variance for the three groups of respondents that are the cadets,

professors and tactical officers to determine whether there is a significant difference in their

assessment of the topic.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

Books

Aspaugh, David; Ezell, Gene; Goodman , Karen Nash. Teaching today’s   Health.Columbus,

Ohio 43216

Braganza Maria Chona. Earth Science 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr. St. Sampaloc         Manila, 1997

 

De Guzman, Raul P. Public Administration In changing National and Internati       Environment.

Manila,1989

 

English, Leo James. Tagalog-English Dictionary. Pines Corner Union Street        Mandaluyong

City, Philippines

 

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 Appendix A. Letter request to the PNPA Director for the conduct of survey.

Republic of the PhilippinesPhilippine Public Safety College

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY 

27 September 2011 PSS NESTOR MONTON FAJURADirector, Philippine National Police AcademyCamp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite Dear Sir:             Please be informed that the undersigned cadets are currently conducting their undergraduate thesis entitled, “ WATER SUPPLY and HYGIENE  UNDERCLASS CADTE’S”. This study aims to determine the effects and instances on how water supply affect cadet’s hygiene.             In view of this, we would like to respectfully request for your approval with regards to the conduct of the study. Rest assured that all information gathered will be treated with utmost confidentiality.            Hoping for full cooperation.             Thank you very much.                                                                          Very truly yours,                                                                                                                                                                 JEROME        DIAZ         BUENO          C-13054                                                        Cdt          “PVT”      2C      “D”       COY      CCPNPA                                                                                                                                                                                                   ALTA XERXES YNION CABILLAGE     C-13058                                                       Cdt           “PVT”      2C       “F”      COY      CCPNPA                                                                                                                                              DEMOCRITUS DUQUE PAGULAYAN  C-13230                                                       Cdt           “PVT”      2C       “F”       COY     CCPNPA                                                                                       Researcher

 Appendix B. Letter request to the Dean of Academics for the conduct of the study.

Republic of the PhilippinesPhilippine Public Safety College

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY

27 September 2011   PSSUPT ADELIO BENJAMIN G CASTILLODean of Academics, Philippine National Police AcademyCamp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite Dear Sir:             In connection with our research study entitled “  WATER SUPPLY and HYGIENE of UNDERCLASS CADET’S”, the undersigned cadets request permission to distribute questionnaire to the randomly selected members of SINAGTALA class of 2012, TAGAPAMAGITAN class of 2013, MANDILAAB class of 2014, LAKANDULA class of 2015 and PNPA Tactical Officers and Professors.             The data to be gathered from the study will be in strict researching about the effects of water supply to underclass cadet’s hygiene and will not be used for any purposes.             Approval of this request will be highly appreciated. Thank you very much and more power.                                                             Very sincerely yours,                                                                               JEROME        DIAZ         BUENO          C-13054                                                        Cdt          “PVT”      2C      “D”       COY      CCPNPA                                                                                                                                                                                                   ALTA XERXES YNION CABILLAGE     C-13058                                                       Cdt           “PVT”      2C       “F”      COY      CCPNPA                                                                                                                   DEMOCRITUS DUQUE PAGULAYAN  C-13230                                                       Cdt           “PVT”      2C       “F”       COY     CCPNPA                                                                                       Researcher 

 

 Appendix A. Letter requests to the PNPA Director for the conduct the survey.

Republic of the PhilippinesPhilippine Public Safety College

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMYCamp General Mariano N. Castañeda Silang Cavite

 Dean of AcademicsPhilippine National Police AcademyCamp General Mariano N Castañeda,Silang, Cavite Dear Sir:             Please be informed that the undersigned cadets are currently conducting their undergraduate thesis entitled, “WATER SUPPLY and HYGIENE ofUNDERCLASS CADET’S”. This study aims to determine the factors that is concerning the cadet’s hygiene the contribution of the water supply to this problem             In view of this, we would like to respectfully request for your approval with regards to the conduct of the study. Rest assured that all information gathered will be treated with utmost confidentiality.             Thank you very much.                                                                          Very Sincerely Yours,    JEROME      DIAZ       BUENO         c-13054Cdt      “ PVT”   2C   “D”     COY        CCPNPA  Cdt 2C ALTA XERXES YNION CABILLAGE                                                            Cdt      “ PVT”   2C   “D”     COY         CCPNPA  Cdt 2C DEMUCRITUS DUQUE PAGULAYAN                                                     Cdt    “ PVT”    2C   “D”      COY      CCPNPA                                                                                                

                                                                      CURRICULUM VITAE

                                                                                                     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                            ResearchersAppendix B. Survey Questionnaire utilized in the study.                                                    SURVEY QUESTIONNAIREThis is to determine how water supply affects the hygiene of cadets. PART I. Profile of the respondents.             Fill in the blank with correct information and or check the appropriate box as the case may be. Personal Information A. NAME (Optional):

 

B. GENDER: ___ Male                           ___ Female

C. YEAR LEVEL:___ PART II. Assessment of water supply and under class underclass cadet's hygiene.

 DIRECTIONS: Please rate your assessment regarding how water supply affects cadet’s hygiene and the measures to be instituted to address this. Just check the variables presented. Five (5) is the highest possible answer and one (1) is the lowest.The descriptions of response option as follows:             Numerical Equivalent                 Descriptive Rating                        5                                              Highly Influenced (HI)                        4                                              Influenced (I)                        3                                              Moderately Influenced (MI)                        2                                              Less Influenced (LI)                        1                                              Not Influenced     How do you assess the influence of the following to the causes of common disease of fourth-class men?  1.     Hygiene

INDICATORS 5 4 3 2 11. hygiene is given emphasis to incoming prior to their reception to the Philippine national police academy

         

2. Water supply is enough for the fourth class men

         

3. Food sanitation is observed by the food service

         

4. Upperclassmen are strict to the observation of their fourth class to physical hygiene

         

5.Fourth class cadets has ample time to          

their selves to observe physical cleanliness 

 2.     Physical Condition of barracks preventive measures given

INDICATORS 5 4 3 2 11.  During breaking periods the barracks of fourth class men has enough water.

         

2. The medical dispensary is equip with facilities to cater to the treatment of this diseases.

         

4. The preventive programs for diseases are implemented and are monitored

         

5. Adequate medicine is given to cadets with disease          6. Visitors are carefully examined for signs/symptoms          7. All barracks has access to water.          8. Segregation of cadets diagnosed of contagious disease

         

9. Employees to the camp enter the camp from the outside not being examined for signs and symptom of contagious disease

         

 

  PARTIII. How do you rate the necessity of maintaining a good hygiene in the cadets in the

The descriptions of response option as follows:             Numerical Equivalent                 Descriptive Rating                        4                                              Highly Important                        3                                              Important                        2                                              Less Important                        1                                              Not Important

ACTIVITIES 4 3 2 11. Bathing

2. Brushing Teeth

3. Grooming

4. Wearing Clean clothes

5. Wearing Clean undergarments

6. Hand washing

 

(dadagi ninyo ni)PART IV. Proposed measures to address the causes of common disease of the fourth-class cadets.DIRECTIONS: Please rate your assessment regarding the proposal of measures to be instituted to address the factors affecting cadet’s hygiene in PNPA. Just check the variables presented. Five (5) is the highest and one (1) is the lowest. The descriptions of response option are as follows: Numerical Equivalent                 Descriptive Rating                        5                                              Highly Influenced (HI)                        4                                              Influenced (I)                        3                                              Moderately Influenced (MI)                        2                                              Less Influenced (LI)                        1                                              Not Influenced   How do you assess the institution of proposed measures to address the effects of water supply to underclass cadet’s hygiene. 1.     Hygiene

PROPOSED MEASURES 5 4 3 2 11. B          

2. Water treatment facilities must be build.          3. Water testing of the water facilities should be made.          

4. Inspections of the water facilities should be made.          

5. The water coming from the source should be fluorinated before it is distributed.

         

 Others please spicefy:6. 

7.  8.   

                   

    2.     Quantity of Water

PROPOSED MEASURES 5 4 3 2 11. Providing each barracks with other drums.          2. Providing the barracks with clean water free from contaminants.

         

3. Close the faucets if not in use.          4. Taping to national water system for supply of water during summer season.

         

5. The filling up of swimming pool should be done during times when water is not being use by the cadets.

         

 Others please specify:6.  7. 

8. 

   3. Availability of Water

PROPOSED MEASURES 5 4 3 2 11. Water interruption must be done at night.          2. Building of water pipes towards the newly built barracks of the cadets.

         

3. During hot season of the year, the water facilities should be checked and maintained.

         

4. Latrines and urinals should be regularly checked up of water.

         

5. Replacements of defective faucets and pipes must be repaired.

         

Others please specify:6   

   

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 

Include possible areas or directions of future study. Summary of Findings

            SUGGESTIONS:

1.            Provide a summary of the significant findings of the study which answer the sub-

problems of the study indicated in the Statement of the Problem section under Chapter 1.

2.            Arrange salient findings in the sequence of the research questions and hypothesis.

3.            Indicate only the summary results and the corresponding mean values.

 

Conclusions

            SUGGESTIONS:

1.            Align the conclusions to the list-order of the sub-problems indicated in the Statement of

the Problem section under Chapter 1.

2.            Draw concluding statements or generalizations for the population and circumstances for

which the evidences have been collected.

3.            Show the interconnections of the findings of the study in a digested form. Don’t include

numerical values.

4.            State the level of confirmation or difference related to the hypothesis.

Recommendations

            SUGGESTIONS:

1.            Recommend what the results mean in terms of existing knowledge.

2.            Present list of actions that can be taken based from the findings and conclusions.

3.            Draw implications for the field represented by the research problem, for further

research and for policy implementation.

4.             

5.            Formulate one or more recommendations to every conclusion.