New New ImperialisImperialis

mmWhat does this What does this

image imply image imply about what about what

Imperialism may Imperialism may be?be?

Imperialism is Imperialism is ……Building an empire by dominating other Building an empire by dominating other

countriescountries

There are 4There are 4

M.A.I.N.M.A.I.N.

reasons for reasons for

imperialismimperialism

M. M. Markets for GoodsMarkets for Goods

Q: Why do Europeans have so Q: Why do Europeans have so many good to sell?many good to sell?

Ind. Rev. leads to new Ind. Rev. leads to new productsproducts

A. A. Acquire ResourcesAcquire Resources

Q: Why do Europeans need Q: Why do Europeans need resources?resources?

Need raw materials to make Need raw materials to make products products (rubber, oil, tin)(rubber, oil, tin)

I. I. Introduce Introduce ChristianityChristianity

To the “heathen To the “heathen masses”masses”

““The White Man’s The White Man’s Burden”Burden”

Q: Other moments in Q: Other moments in history ppl used this history ppl used this as a justification??as a justification??

N. N. NationalismNationalism

Q: Q: Why would this make countries want an Why would this make countries want an empire?empire?

Q: How does this parallel German unification?Q: How does this parallel German unification? Every country wants to be the bestEvery country wants to be the best Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism (what is this?) (what is this?)

Primary Source AnalysisPrimary Source Analysis

White Man’s BurdenWhite Man’s Burden

White Man’s BurdenWhite Man’s Burden

Outline in your own words each stanza and Outline in your own words each stanza and what it representswhat it represents

ColonyColony

ProtectorateProtectorate Q: Q: What is a What is a

colony?colony?

Settlement ruled Settlement ruled directlydirectly by a by a mother countrymother country

EX: Somaliland in EX: Somaliland in E. Africa, FR E. Africa, FR colonycolony

Q: What is a Q: What is a protectorate?protectorate?

Country whose policies Country whose policies are guided by a are guided by a foreign countryforeign country

- NOT directly ruledNOT directly ruled

EX: Niger River Delta, EX: Niger River Delta, GBGB

Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence

Q: What is a sphere of influence?Q: What is a sphere of influence?

When one country has trading rights in When one country has trading rights in another placeanother place

(think of street gangs & its turf)(think of street gangs & its turf)

EX: Liberia under sphere of influence EX: Liberia under sphere of influence by USby US

Daily Response

• What do you believe is “The White Man’s Burden”?

• What does this say about one of the motivations for Imperialism?

• To which groups would this ad have appealed?

A. Imperialism Map

B. Extent of Colonization as of 1939

C. Impact of Colonization Data

Reflection: Social Darwinism & Justifying Imperialism• Social Darwinists seized on the theory of

evolution, particularly the idea of survival of the fittest, to justify racial attitudes toward non-Western peoples. They believed that the white Europeans were actually superior. It was the duty of the “superior” European nations to spread W. civ. to the “backward” countries & the loss of culture & tradition was natural consequence of social evolution.

- How would Social Darwinism have been used by the African slave traders or the Spanish

explorers? Does this theory justify their actions? Is it a valid argument today?

Reflection“All the great nations in the fullness of their strength

have the desire to set their mark upon barbarian lands & those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will play a pitiable role in time to come” - German historian

“The path to progress is strewn with the wrecks of nations; traces are everywhere to be seen of the [slaughtered remains] of inferior races. Yet these dead people are, in very truth, the stepping stones on which mankind has arisen to the higher intellectual & deeper emotional life of

today.” - British Prof., 1900

Daily Response• In order to administer & control their new

colonies, Euro govt.’s needed loyal subjects to move to the colonies to est. Western culture. Citizens were encouraged to move with their families to run the economy & the govt. Many ppl were attracted by the economic opportunities & the lavish lifestyle available to them in the new territories, but didn’t necessarily want to share their lifestyle of political power with the “uncivilized natives.”

- Would you go? Why? THINK: if your parent was offered a job that made a million dollars a year, but you had to live in a developing country … would you want to go?

Imperialism By Region

S.E. Asia

Southeast Asia

• 1800– Only Spain

& Dutch had presence

• 1900– Area

dominated by the west

Southeast Asia: Great Britain

• Singapore (1819)• Burma (Myanmar)

– Watched by FR

Southeast Asia: France

1. Vietnam (1857): established missionaries

- Feared GB monopoly & invasionforced Viet. to accept FR protection

- Established a protectorate (pol. unit that depends upon another St. for protection)

2. All Indochina (1900)- Cambodia, Annam,

Tonkin, & Laos

Southeast Asia: U.S.1. Philippines (1898)- Took from SP- US involvement in bloody war w/ Filipinos,

led by Emilio Aguinaldo

“Mr. President, the time calls for candor. The Philippines are ours forever. And just beyond the Philippines are China’s unlimited markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not abandon an opportunity in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the the civilization of the world. And we will move forward to our work … w/ gratitude for a task worthy of our strength, & thanksgiving to the Almighty God that he has marked us as His chosen people, henceforth to lead in the regeneration of the world.”

More About … Filipinos• As a result of anti-Chinese immigration

laws in the U.S. in the early 20th century, many sugar, pineapple, & other agricultural planters in Hawaii & CA began to recruit cheap Filipino labor.

• B/c the overwhelming proportion of Filipino immigrants were male, & b/c of racial prejudice, many states prohibited marriage or any other contact between Asian & Caucasian females. In fact, Filipinos were not even eligible for U.S. citizenship until the late 1940s.

• Today more immigrants come from the Philippines to the U.S. than any other Asian nation.

Southeast Asia: Negative Impacts1. Political- Slow to create democratic institutions

(whether indirect or direct rule)2. Economic- Colonial Powers: not eager to foster

econ. development- Chief Goals: (1) gain new source of

inexpensive raw materials, (2) keep markets 4 manufactured goods

- Didn’t want colonists to dev. own industries (stressed exporting goods)

- Workers: paid poverty-level wages 2 profits

Q: Have times changed? How? Why?

Southeast Asia: Direct Vs Indirect Rule

Direct: run by Europeans (when resistance)Goal: assimilationEX: FR: Vietnam; GB: Burma

Indirect: govt. run by locals who work w/ Europeans (cooperation)

- Most tried to do this b/c easier access to natural resources

Goal: to develop future leadersEX: GB: Indirect (later direct); Dutch East Indies (Dutch

East India Co.)

Q: Why would an imperialist nation prefer one over thee other?

Southeast Asia: Resistance

• Burma & Vietnam- From monarchs themselves - Peasant revolts- Nationalist movements

- Leaders=intellectuals in cities

Imperialism by Region

Africa

Africa Scramble: Reflect

1. How did you feel during this activity?

2. Why did you compete with the other groups to claim the furniture?

3. Do you think this was a fair way to claim the furniture? What might have been a better way?

4. If unclaimed furniture remains, who should get it?

AfricaAfrica

Scramble Scramble

Imperialism in Africa: Great Britain1. Egypt (Suez Canal …

why?)• British protectorate2. Sudan• British condominium

(country ruled jointly by 2 countries; GB/EG)

• Nile water = essential for ppl. of Egypt

• Needed to control Nile

3. Cape Town: great wealth

Sought indirect rule

Great Britain (cont.)4. Boer War (1899-1902)• Boers = descendants of Dutch settlers• GB seized Cape Colony from Dutch• Boers fled N, formed own independent

republics (Orange Free State & Transvaal)• 1877: Brit govt. of Cape Colony: seized

Transvaal• Boer revolt GR recognized it as S. African

Republic (Boers)• Brit miners went there (had monopoly)

tensions• Boers: guerrilla tactics; GB: burned farms,

destroyed food supplies GB WON• Agreed: independent Union of S. Africa

(please Boers: only whites could vote)

Boers: Guerrilla Tactics

Imperialism in Africa: France

1. Algeria• To stop Algerian

pirates attacking FR ships

2. Tunisia & Morocco

• Wanted African empire

• From Dakar (W) to Somaliland (E)

3. Established direct rule

• Goal: assimilate Africans into FR culture

Imperialism by Region:

China

Imperialism in China: Imperialism in China: BackgroundBackground

Decline of Manchu DynastyDecline of Manchu Dynasty CorruptionCorruption Peasant unrestPeasant unrest Incompetence at courtIncompetence at court Rapid growth in population Rapid growth in population

Q: How would this lead to its decline? Q: How would this lead to its decline? … food shortage… food shortage

Imperialism: Imperialism: ChinaChina

A.A. The Opium War (1839)The Opium War (1839)- Opium is a habit-Opium is a habit-

forming illegal drug forming illegal drug (effects: similar to (effects: similar to heroine & morphine)heroine & morphine)

1. 1. Guess: How do you Guess: How do you think opium led to a think opium led to a war in China?war in China?

Opium Opium PoppyPoppy

2.2. (Background)(Background)- CH imported tea, silk, porcelainCH imported tea, silk, porcelain sent sent

Indian cotton to CH to payIndian cotton to CH to pay- Cotton not enoughCotton not enough paid w/ silver paid w/ silver- To improve trade balance: shipped To improve trade balance: shipped

opium to CH marketopium to CH marketQ: Opium is highly addictive: any parallels Q: Opium is highly addictive: any parallels

to industries in US?to industries in US?- D for opium D for opium silver back to GB silver back to GB3.3. Opium WarOpium War- CH wanted to end opium traffickingCH wanted to end opium trafficking- GB refused GB refused CH blockaded ports CH blockaded ports

GB responded w/ forceGB responded w/ force- GB crushed CHGB crushed CH

4.4. Treaty of Nanjing (1842)Treaty of Nanjing (1842)- CH opened 5 coastal ports to Brit tradeCH opened 5 coastal ports to Brit trade- Ltd taxes on Brit goodsLtd taxes on Brit goods- Paid costs of warPaid costs of war- Gave GB island of Hong KongGave GB island of Hong Kong

Imperialism: Imperialism: ChinaChina

B. B. Rebellions in ChinaRebellions in China Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

Get the Christians out of ChinaGet the Christians out of China Forcing their beliefs on the ChinesForcing their beliefs on the Chines

Starts out in the countrysideStarts out in the countryside Society of Righteous and Harmonious FistsSociety of Righteous and Harmonious Fists

““Bullet Proof”Bullet Proof” Marines Save AmericansMarines Save Americans Empress Dowager secretly supports the rebelionEmpress Dowager secretly supports the rebelion

Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion Means “great peace”Means “great peace” Massive peasant armyMassive peasant army

Wanted equal distribution of wealthWanted equal distribution of wealth Eventually fails because of inner squabblesEventually fails because of inner squabbles

Drug Trade: Comparing Drug Trade: Comparing US & ChinaUS & China

There’s an interesting parallel between the drug There’s an interesting parallel between the drug trade in China in the 19th century & in the US trade in China in the 19th century & in the US today.today.

The seeds of our drug trade seem to have been The seeds of our drug trade seem to have been sown by the British.sown by the British.

In both cases, the exporters (Britain then, In both cases, the exporters (Britain then, Columbia & others today) claim the problem is Columbia & others today) claim the problem is with the users - if they don’t want drugs, they with the users - if they don’t want drugs, they don’t buy them.don’t buy them.

The Chinese response was also very much like The Chinese response was also very much like ours - impose penalties for use, arrest dealers, & ours - impose penalties for use, arrest dealers, & seize supplies.seize supplies.

**Is there a lesson for the US in the experience of **Is there a lesson for the US in the experience of China? China?

**Does drug use signal a decline of society?**Does drug use signal a decline of society? Should we focus on supply or demand? Why? How?Should we focus on supply or demand? Why? How?