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Contents Table des matieres Indice3 Introduction 3 Introduction 3 Introducci6n4 Population of 207 countrics and 4 Population de 207 pays et territoires 4 Poblaci6n dc 207 paises y territorios

territories 7 La population 7 Poblaci4n7 The people 8 Statistiqucs sociales 8 Estadisticas sociales8 Social statistics 10 Taux de croissance de la population, 10 Tasa de crecimiento de la poblaci6n,

10 Population growth rate, 1985-92 1985-92 1985-921 1 Life expectancy at birth, 1992 1 1 Esperance de vie a la naissance, 1992 1 1 Espcranza de vida al nacer, 199212 Total fertility rate, 1992 12 Indice synth6tique de ftcondite, 1992 12 Tasa de fecundidad total, 199213 Infant mortality rate, 1992 13 Taux de mortalite infantile, 1992 13 Tasa de mortalidad infantil, 199214 Child malnutrition, 1985-92 14 Mallnulrition chez les enfants, 1985-92 14 Malnutrici6n en la ninez, 1985-9215 Illiteracy rate, 1990 15 Taux d'analphab6tisme, 1990 15 Tasa de analfabetismo, 199016 Female labor force, 1992 16 Les femmes dans la population active, 1 6 Fuerza de trabajo femenina, 199217 The economy 1992 17 Economia18 Economic statistics 17 L'economie 18 Estadisticas econ6micas20 GNP per capita, 1992 18 Statistiques economiqucs 20 PNB per caipita, 199221 GNP per capita growth rate, 20 PNB par habitant, 1992 21 Tasa de crecimiento dcl PNB per

1985-92 21 Taux de croissance du PNB capita, 1985-9222 Share of agriculture in GDP, 1992 par habitant, 1985-92 22 Proporci6n de la agricultura en el PIB,23 Share of exports in GDP, 1992 22 Part de l'agriculture dans le PIB, 1992 199224 Share of investment in GDP, 1992 23 Part des exportations dans le PIB, 1992 23 Proporci6n de las exportaciones en el25 The environment 24 Part de l'investissemcnt dans le PIB, PIB, 199226 Environmcntal statistics 1992 24 Proporci6n de la inversi6n en el PIB,28 GDP output per kilogram 25 L'environnement 1992

ol'ener-gy used, 1991 26 Statistiques sur 1'environnement 25 Medio ambiente29 Annual water use, 1970-89 28 PIB par kilogramme de ressources 26 Estadisticas ambientales30 Annual water use per capita, 1970-89 6nergetiques consomme, 1991 28 PIB por kilogramo de energfa31 Forest coverage, 1989 29 Consommation d'eau annuelle, consumido, 199132 Change in forest coverage, 1980-89 1970-89 29 Uso anual de agua, 1970-8933 Technical notes 30 Consommnation d'eau annuelle 30 Uso anual de agua per capita, 1970-8936 The Wo-ld Banik par habitant, 1970 89 31 Cubierta forestal, 1989

31 Couvert forestier, 1989 32 Variaci6n en la cubierta forestal,32 Variation dCi couvert forestier, 1980-89

1980-89 35 Notas t6cnicas34 Notes techniques 36 El Banco Mundial36 La Banque mondiale

THE WORLD BANK ATLAS 1994

Wahnto,DC. 1

The colors, boundaries, denominations, and clas- Les couleurs, fronti&rcs, appellations et classifica- Los colores, las fronteras, los nombres y lassifications in this Atlas do not imply, on the part of tions figurant dans cet Atlas n'impliquent pas de la clasificaciones que aparecen en este Atlas nothe World Bank and its affiliates, any judgment on part de la Banque mondiale et de ses institutions denotan, porparte del Banco Mundial y sus afiliadas,the legal or other status of any territory, or any affili6es qu'elles aient porte unijugemcnt sur le statut juicio alguno sobre la condici6n jurfdica o de otraendorsement or acceptance of any boundary. juiidique ou autre d'un territoire quelconque, ni especie ci ninguno de los territorios, ni aprobaci6n

qu'elles aient reconnu ou accepte une frontiere quel- o aceptaci6n de nintguna dc tales fronteras.The Eckert IV projection is used for all maps. It conque.maintains correct areas for all countries but to some En todos los mapas se ha utilizado la proyecci6nextent distorts shape, distance, and direction. Les planisph&res ont ete etablis selon la projection Eckert IV, que permite mantener las superficies co-

Eckert IV qui donne une reprcsentation exacte de la rrcetas de los paises, si bien a costa de algunasCopyright (© 1993 superficie de chaque pays, moyennant quelques dis- distorsiones en cuanto a configuraci6n, distancias yInternational Bank for Reconstruction and torsions dans les contours, les distances et les direc- orientaci6n.Development/The World Bank tions.1818 H Street, N.W. Copyright (0 1993Washington, D.C. 20433, lJ.S.A. Copyright (© 1993 Banco Internacional c© Reconstrucci6n y F o9en-

Banque internationalc pour la reconstruction et Ic to/Banco MundialAll rights reserved developpement/Banque mondiale 1 818 H Street, N.W.Manufactured in the United States of America 18 18 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, EE.UU.First printing Dccember1 993 Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.ISBN 0-8213-2578-7 Reservados todos los derechos

Tous droits reserves Hecho en los Estados Unidos de Am6ricaImprim6 aux Etats-Unis d' Amerique Primera impresi6n, diciembre de 1993Premier tirage d6cembre 1993

Introduction Introduction IntroduccionThis twenty-sixth World Bank Atlas presents key Cette vingt-sixieme edition de l'Atlas presentc cer- En esta vigdsima sexta edicidn del Wnold Bank Atlas

social and economic information organized tinder taines informations sociales et &conomniques cssen- se presentan datos sociales y cconomicos fundlamen-

three headings, People, Economy, and Environment, tielles classees sous trois grands titres: Population, tales agrupados en tres tomas: poblacion, economia

to emphasize the importance of these themes in the Economic, et Environnement, afin de souligner y medio ambiente. El objetivo de esta nueva

development process. In this edition, new data have l'importance de ces themes pour le processus de organizacion es destacar la importancia de estos

been introduced covering such topics as infant mor- developpement. Cette edition contient de nouvelles aspectos en el proceso de desarrollo. En Ia presente

tality rates, prevalence of child malnutrition, net donn&s stir les taux de mortalite infantile, la edici6n se han incorporado nuevos datos y mapas

primary school enrollment, and inflation. pr6valence de la malnutrition parmi les enfants. le sobre, por ejemplo, las tasas de mortalidad infantil,

The Atlas this year covers an additional seven taux net de scolarisation dans l'enseignement la prevalencia de la malnutricion en la ninez, la

economies-making a total of 207. Estimates for the primaire et ]'inflation. matricula neta en las escuelas priniarias y la

economies of the former Soviet Union are prelimi- Cette annee, avec l'inclusion de sept pays inflacidn.

nary, and their classification will be kept under suppl6mentaires.' Atlas couvre 207 6cononiies. Les Este aio el Atlas incluye otros siete paises, con

review. estimations relatives aux 6conomies de V'ex-Union lo que el ndmero total se eleva a 207. Las es-

Readers should also note that because of differing sovielique ont un caract&re preliminaire, et le classe- timaciones correspondientes a los paises de la an-

statistical systems and methods of collection among ment de ces pays est sujet a revision. tigua Uni6n Sovietica son preliminares y su

economies, the indicators are not always strictly Le lecteur doit egalement noter qu'en raison des clasificaci6n estara sujeta a revision.

comparable in coverage and definition. Brief differences cntre Ies systemes et mcthodes de col- Los lectores deben tambien tener en cuenta que,

descriptions of the data are included in the technical lecte de donnees satistiques employes selon les debido a los distintos sistemas estadisticos y difereni-

notes, but more detailed notes are available in the economies, les indicateurs ne sont pas toujours stric- tes metodos de recopilacion de datos en unos y otros

World Bank's annual publications, World Develop- tement comparahles dans leur couverture et leur pafses, los indicadores no son siemnpre estrictamenite

Inent Report. Social Indiceators of De'elopment, and dfitnition. Les notes techniques lournissent de comparables en cuanto a cobertura y definicion. En

World Tables. breves desciptions des donnees, mais des notes plus las notas tecnicas se incluyen descripciones sucintas

detaillees figurent dans les publications annuelles de de los datos y. para notas mas detalladas al respecto.

Ia Banque mondiale telles que le Rapport stur le se recomienda consultar otras publicaciones anuales

leveloppement claims le mnonde, les Social 1idicators del Banco Mundial, como el Informe sobre el Desa-

of Development (Indicateurs du developpement so- rr{ollo Muindial, los Social Indicators of Develop-

cial) et les World I ables (Tableaux economiques par mnent (Indicadores sociales del desarrollo) y los

pays). World Tables (Cuadros sobre la economia nmundial).

Population Population, 1992, 1992 Loof 207 Millionscountries i Less than Iand I -9 C-hterritories 1 -4

50 -99

Population No darncde 207 No datipays etterritoires

Poblacio6nde 207 'tor J oovpaises 37 C_territoriosVezu

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The people La population PoblacionDespite progress over the past generation. more than Bien que le dernier quart de siecle ait ete marque par A pesar de los avances logrados en el curso de lasI billion people still live in acute povcrty and suffer d'ind6niables progres, le mondie compte cncore plus riltirnas generaciones, todavia hay imas de 1.000 mi-grossly inadequate access to the resources educa- de I milliard d'ctres humains qui vivent dans la hlones de personas que viven en condiciones de sumation, health services. infrastructure, lanid, and misdre etq ii n'ont luetrers insuffisamnnient aceds aux pobreza y sofren de un acceso totalliente irisuficientecredit-reqttircd to give thcni a chance for a better ressources-education, services de santc. infrastruc a los recursos y servicios de educaci6n, salud. in-life. ture, terre et credit-qui leur permettraient de vivre fraestrmctura, tier-a y credito que necesitarfan para

The burdcn of poverty is sprcad unevenly- mieux. poder disfrutar de un mejor nivel de vida.among the regions of the developing world, among Le tardeau de la pauvrcte est in6galcment reparti La carga de la pobieza esta desigualmeinte dis-countries within thosc regions, and among localities entre regions du monde en developpement. entre tribuida entre Las regiones del mundo en desarrollo,within those countries. Nearly half of the world's pays a l'intdricur de ces r6gions et entre localites a entre los pakses de esas regiones y entre las distinlLaspoor live in South Asia, a region that accounts for l'interieur de ces pays. L'Asie du Sud compte pres localidadesdeesospaises.Casilamitaddelospobresroughly 23 percent of the world's population. Sub- de la moitie des pauvres cu muoncIe pour One popula- del munLdo viven en Asia Meridional, regioj6 a la queSaharan Africa accounts for a smallcr, but still highly tion qui reprcsente environ 23 % de celle du monde. corresponde alrededor del 23% de la poblacion mun-disproportionate, share oi'global poverty. L'Afi-ique subsaharienne supporte une part plus dial. AfricaalSurdel Sahara contienieuo poureentaje

In addition, national and regional averages, often faible, mais neanmoins fortement disproportiounte, menor. aunquc tambien altamente despropor-had enough in themselves, mask appallingly low life de la pauvrcte niondiale. cionado, de la pobreza mulndial.expectancy and educational attainment among the En outre, les moyennes nationales et regionales, Ademds, los promedios nacionales y regionales,poorest members of society. souvent assez mauvaises en soi, riasqueiti des ya de poI si basLanie iialos a nieludo. ocultan riiveles

'I'his is becausc the weight of poverty falls most niveaux d'esp6rance de vie et d'instruction effroya- abismalmente bajos de esperanza de vida yheavily on certain groups. Women in general are blement bas parmi les 6lrirents Ics plus pauvres de aprovechamiciito educacional entre los isiemubrosdisadvantaged. In poor households they often la societe. m;s pobres de la sociedad,shoulder more of the workload than men, are less Celaestd2aufaitquele poidsdelapauvret6se fait Estosedcbeaqueelpesodelapobrezariecaeconeducatcd, and have less access to remunerative ac- plus lourdecnent sentir sur certaines categories de mayor fuerza en ciertos grupos. En general, lastivities. Children, too, suffer disproportionately, and population. Les femines, err general. sonlt defavorises. niujer-es tienen ona condicion desaventajada, en losthe future quality of their lives is compromised by Danslesmcnagespauvres, elles font souve.ntun volume hogares pobres. con frecuencia soportan una cargainadequate nutrition, health care, and education.lThis de travail superieur ii celui des hoirmes, clles sont de trabajo nlayor que los lioriibres v tierieri un nivelis especially true for girls: their primary enrollment moins instruites et elles ont moins facilement acces de educaci6n mds bajo y menos acceso a actividadesrates are less than 50 percent in many African A des activit6s rrmundr6es. Les enfants, eux aussi, remuneradoras. TambiCulosoifios suf-en enmedi(lacountries. sont proportionnellement plus touches et desproporcionada, y la calidad futura de sus vidas

The essential task of development is to provide l'insuffisance de nutrition, de soins de sante et peligra a causa de niveles deficientes de nutrici6n,opportunities so that these people, and the hundreds of d'6dueation dont its souffrent compromet la qualite ateneion de la salud y educacion. Esto es asi especial-millions not much better off, canr each their potential. future de leur vie. Ceci est surtout vrai des filles, dont mirente en el caso de las nifias; en muehos paises

les taux de scolarisation primaire n'atteignent pas africanos, las tasas de matricula primaria femenina50 % dans beaucoup de pays d'Afrique. son de menos de 50%.

Donner a ces populations et aux centaines de Proporciotiar oportunidades a fin de que esasmillions d'autres qui ne sont guere mieux loties la personas -y los cientos de millones cuya situaci6npossibiIite de se realiser pleinemenlt. telle est la taehe no es mucho mejor- puedan hacer realidad todo suessentielle du developpement. potencial es la empresa eseocial del desarrollo.

7

Thze peoplePopulaton 7loral 1rifant Femnale Population Total Infant Female

Lif, fertility nsorrality Childmtel- Pri roay labor L ife terfility mortality Childntral- Pr imiary laborGrowth expectanry rate r-ate nutrition/la schtool lliteracy for-ce Growth expectancyp rare rate nuotraItn /a school Illiter-acy fitare,

coae at birth (birhis per rper 1000 (% ancler- enrollment rate (% of rate at bietht (birthts per (per 10(10 (% antder- entrollmtentt rare (% of(0110) (% P.a.) (years) v,otrtar) live. hirths) veight) 1% net) t%) total) (000) (% p a.) (years) -oman) lire birtht) weight) (% net) (%/) total)Economny I1992 1985-92 1092 1902 1992 1985-92 1990 1990 1992 Economyt 1992 198-5-92 1992 1992 1992 1985-92 1 990 1990 1992

Afghanistan 21,558 2.5 43 6.9 162 . .. 7 1 9 Dominican Rcpublic 7.321 1.9 68 3.0 53 10 .. 17 16Albania 3,338 1.7 73 3.0 28 .. . 41 Ecuadcht 11,028 2.5 67 3.6 53 17 .. 14 19Algeria 20,375 2.7 66 4.9 61 0 88 13 10 Egypt, Ai t, Rep. 54,805 2. 4 62 4.1 5 7 1I .. 52 1 0Amrneican Samoa 39 1.5 -, . . .. . . . El Salvadlor 5,387 1.8 66 4.0 46 16 70 27 25Andorrat 60 . ., . .. . .. . .. Equiatorial Guinea 437 2.3 48 5.5 116 -.. 50 40AatgLtla 9,732 2.9 46 6.6 125 . .. 58 38 E-ritrea lb .... -.Atttigua and Barbuda 81 1.0 74 1.9 20 . - . . Estonlia 1,554 0.2 70 1,8 1 3Argentina 33,099 1.3 7 1 2.8 29 . .. 5 28 Etlhiopia lb 54,790 3.4 49 6.9 168 28 37Armienia 3,499 1.2 72 3.0 2 1 . .. . .. Faeroe Islands 48 ... ..Aruba 61 . . . .. . .. . .. Fiji 750 0.v9 72 3.0 23 .. § 21Australia 17,540 1.6 77 1.9 7 .. 97 9 38 Finland 5.062 0.4 76 1.9 6 ... 9 47Austria 7,906 0.6 77 1.6 8 .. 93 9 40 France 57,338 0.6 77 1.8 7 .. 100 9 40Azerbaijan 7,145 1.0 7 1 3.2 32 . . . . French G;uiinn 96 ... .Bahatnias, The 263 1.9 70 2.1 25 . .. . .. French Ftdyoesia 207 2.8 68 3.2 22Bahrain 532 3.2 71) 4.6 30 93 23 10 Gabon 1,201 2.7 54 5.9 92 ... 39 37Bangladesh 112,832 2.2 53 4.3 101 67 65 6S 8 Gamnbia, The 929 3.2 'I5 6.5 132 .. 53 73 40Barbados 259 0.3 75 1.8 10 .. 97 .. 47 Georgia 5,493 0.3 73 2.1 17Belaras 10,346 0.5 71 1.9 IS .. . .- Germany/c 811,553 0.6 76 1.5 7 .. 87 * 39Belgiutm 10,059 0.3 76 1.8 8 .. 99 .9 34 Gltana 15,824 3.3 55 6.1 81 27 .. 40 40Brceiz 200 2.6 69 4.5 41 . . . . Gibraltar 32 -.. ..BDrum 5,042 3.2 SI 6.2 110 5. 2 77 47 Greece 10,454 0.7 78 1.5 10to. 7 27Bermuda 52 . .. . .. . .. . .. Greenland 58 § -....Bhutan 1,497 2.2 48 5.9 129 -. . 62 32 Grenada 91 -0.2 70 2.9 29Bolivia 7,527 2.5 60 4.7 82 it 79 23 26 Guadeloupe 400 1.7 74 2.2 12 ... . 44Bosnia and Herzegovinta 4,383 0.2 72 1.6 19 . ., . .. Gaant 1511 3.2 72 2.9 12Botswana 1,360 3.4 68 4.7 35 § 91 26 35 Gkauteinala 9,746 2.9 65 5.3 58 29 .. 45 17Brazil 153.850 1.8 66 2.8 57 7 88 19 28 Guinea 6.048 2.8 44 6.5 133 26 76 39Brunei 273 3.2 74 3.7 7 . .. . .. Guinea-Bissau 1,022 2.1 39 6.0 147 ... 64 40Bulgaria 8,952 0.0 71 1.7 17 .. 85 9 47 Guyana 806 0.3 65 2.6 48 § .. 4 25Burkinua Fo 9,53 7 2.8 48 6.5 132 .. 29 82 46 Haiti 6.715 2.0 55 4,7 93 § .. 47 41Burundi 5,818 2.9 48 6.8 106 31 .. 50 47 Hooiduars 5,418 3.1 66 4.9 49 21 .. 27 20Cambodia 9,010 2.7 51 4.5 116 . .. 65 37 HoaigKotng 5,805 0.9 85 1.5 6 .. .-Cameroon 12,245 3.0 56 5.8 61 14 75 46 33 Htingary 10,202 -0.6 70 1.8 16 .. 90 45Canvada 27,844 1.4 18 1.9 7 -. 96 9 40 Ice-land 261 1.2 78 2.2 6 ... 9 43Cape Verde 389 2.7 68 4.3 40 . .. § 29 India 883,473 2.1 60 3.9 88 63 .. 52 25Central Africank Republic 3,166 2.7 47 5,8 805 .. 55 62 45 Indonesia 184,274 1.8 60 2.9 7409823 1Chad 5,977 2.5 47 5,9 122 . .. 70 21 Iran, Islansic Rep. 59,791 3.7 65 6.1 I5rS 94 46 19Chaninel Islands 147 1.4 77 1.7 7 . .. . .. Iraq 19,184 3.3 64 5.7 58 . 84 40 22Chile 13,599 1.7 72 2.7 17 3 86 7 29 Ireland 3,536 -0. 1 75 2.0 8 .. 88 9 30China 1,166.144 1.5 71 2.4 38 21 100 27 43 Isle of Man 71 ......Colomnbia 33,405 1.8 69 2.7 37 10 73 13 22 Israel 5,113 2.7 77 2.7 9 ... . 34Comoros 510 3.7 56 6.7 87 .. . . 40 Italy 57,844 0.2 78 1.3 8 ... 3 32Cortgo 2,428 3.3 SI 6.6 114 24 .. 43 39 Janmaica 2,394 0.8 74 2.6 15 7 99 2 46CostaktRia 3,135 2.5 76 3.1 14 * 87 7 22 Japan 124,318 0.4 79 1.6 5 .. 100 9 38CIte dIvoire 12,841 4.0 52 6.6 94 12 .. 46 34 Jordan /d 3,949 5.8 70 5.2 47 6 .. 20 IICroatia 4,773 0.4 73 1.7 12 -. . . . Kazakhstan 16,954 1.0 69 2.7 31Cuba 10,841 1.0 76 1.9 it . 935 6 32 Kenya 25,838 3.5 59 6.4 66 18 3. 1 403Cyprnts 715 1.0 77 2.4 10 .. 100 . 36 Kiribati 75 2.1 56 4.1 60Czmch Republic 10,383 0.1 73 1.7 12 .. . . Korea, Dem. Rep. 22,614 1.9 71 2,4 24 ... . 46Denmark 5,166 0.1 76 1.7 8 . .. 9 45 Kofea, Rep. 43,663 I.E 71 1.8 13 .. 100 4 34Djibouti 465 2.9 49 6.6 III .. 37 . .. Kuawait 1,400 -2.3 75 3.7 14 ... 27 16Dominitca 72 -0.3 72 2.5 18 . .. . .. Kyrgyz Republic 4,472 1.7 66 3.9 40

Not available. .9According to LUNESCO, illiteracy is less than 5%. § Sec map for ranige estimate. Note: Figures in it-alics are for years other than those specified; the number 0dts 0.0 meaans zero or less than half the unit sbowtnand riot known mote precisely.

8

The peopleP.pidalion Total infant Female Population T,,i.l lqunt Female

ife fei-tiliq, morrctliiy Chil(I nial- Primarv laboi L#e fe, ti I i ty moltalitv Child al- Primar.), labor

Grourh expectancy rale rale nutrition la school lifit .... v fir,. Growth Pxpectancy ute 1-ate nutrition la school Illiteia,y j6rc

rate t birth (births per (per 1000 (% under- enrollment rate (% ui rat, at birth (birthstoe, tper,1000 ('/, under- e-ollment -?e (% ,f

(000) (% P...) (vea,,) ,oauai) tire births) weight) (% n't) (%) total) (000) (% P a ) (y-,,,) -ma.) five births) ,eighi) (% tiet) M total)

Economy 1992 1985-92 1992 1992 1992 1985-92 1990 1990 1992 E, ononty 1992 J985-92 i992 1992 19Y2 1986-92 199( 1990 1992

Lao PDR 4,384 2.9 51 6.7 97 69 44 Russian ITilei-ation 148,920 0.5 69 1.8 20

Latvia 2.617 0.0 69 2.0 16 Rwanda 7,310 3.0 46 6.2 Ito 2b 65 so 47

Lebanon 3,7 81 2.3 66 3.1 34 20 28 Safi Maria(, 23 -

Lesotho 1 �86( 2-7 57 5.1 79 § 70 § 43 St, Kitts and Nevis 42 -0.4 71 2.5 34

Libena 2,719 33 55 6.2 131 61 30 St Lucia 156 1.9 72 3.0 17

Libya 4,873 3.6 63 6A 68 36 10 St. Vincent 109 0.9 71 2.5 20

Lithuania 3,754 0.7 70 2.0 14 86c Tome and Principe 121 2.3 68 5.0 65 33

Luxembourg 389 0.8 76 1.8 9 32 Saudi Arahia 15,909 3.5 69 6.4 31 - 62 38 8

Macao 487 3.0 73 2�O 8 Sencgal 7,845 3.0 48 6.1 so 18 48 62 39

Macedonia, FYR 1. 2,172 1.1 72 2 2 29 Seychelles 69 0.8 71 23 16

Madagascu 12,384 3.3 51 6.2 113 § 64 20 39 Sierra Leone 4,354 2.5 43 6.5 143 § 79 33

Malawi 9,085 3.4 44 7 6 142 § 54 § 41 Singapure 2,814 1.8 75 I.S 6 100 § 32

Mataysia 18,610 2.5 71 3 6 14 17 22 35 Slovak Repliblic 5,346 0.4 72 2.0 12

Maldives 228 3.3 62 5�9 65 - Slovenia 1017 0.7 73 1.7 10

Mali 8,962 2.8 48 7.1 159 25 19 69 16 Solomon Island, 335 2.9 65 5.4 44

Malta 360 0.7 76 2.1 10 98 § 24 Somalia 8302 3J 49 6.8 127 76 38

Marshall Islan& 50 - Soud) Afric. 39,763 2.4 63 4.1 53 36

Ntwiiiiique 366 1.0 76 2.0 10 44 Spain 39,077 0 2 77 1-3 8 loo 5 25

Mauritania 2,082 2.7 48 6.8 117 § - 66 23 SriLanka 17,396 1.3 72 2.5 is 37 loo 12 27

Mauritius 1,099 1.1 70 2.0 18 24 92 § 27 Sudan 26,587 2.8 52 6.2 99 73 23

Mayotte 79 3-7 467 2.3 69 3.2 37 Wo 5 30

Moxico 84,967 1.8 70 3+2 35 14 98 13 27 Swaziland 860 3.9 57 666 108 82 § 39

Microrw,,ia, Fed. Sts. 108 2.4 71 4 5 25 Sweden 8,707 0.6 78 2.1 6 100 t 45

Moldova 4,359 0.6 69 2.5 23 Switzerland 6,864 0+9 78 1.8 7 t 36

Mongolia 2,3 1 t 2.8 64 4.6 60 46 Syiian Arab Rep. IZ951 3+3 67 6.2 39 98 36 18

M-occo 26,262 2.5 63 4.2 63 11 55 51 21 Tajilcistan 5,634 3.0 69 5.3 49

Mozambique 16,565 2.7 47 6.5 147 41 67 47 I'anzania 25,965 3 0 51 6.3 115 25 47 47

Myanmar 43,718 2+2 60 4 2 72 32 i9 37 Thailand 57,992 1�7 61) 2.2 26 13 7 44

Nainibia 1,529 3.1 58 6.0 70 24 Tog- 3,899 3 7 54 6.5 F15 24 72 57 36

Nepal 19,892 2.6 54 5+5 99 64 74 33 Tonga 101 0.9 68 3.8 21

Netherlands 15,167 0.7 77 1.7 7 loo 31 Trinidad and Tobago 1,268 1.3 71 2.7 18 6 91 30

Netherlands Antilles 194 0.9 77 2.1 12 Tunisia 8,405 2.0 68 3+4 41 8 95 35 25

New Caledonia 175 2.1 70 2.7 17 Turkey 59,467 2+2 67 3.3 56 99 19 34

New Zealand 3,415 0-7 76 2.1 9 loo 44 Turkmenistan 3,852 2 5 66 4+5 55Nicaragua 3,916 2.8 67 5�O 53 52 41§ 75 26 Uganda 17,475 3.1 46 7.3 118

Niyer 8,171 3.2 46 7.4 123 25 72 46 L7kaire 52,118 0.3 70 1.8 18

Nigeria 101,884 2.9 52 5�9 84 36 49 34 Uiiited Arab Emirates 1,668 3.1 72 4.5 22 loo 7

Northe- Nla,iait. & 47 United Kingdom 57,701 0.3 76 1.9 7 100 t 39

Norway 4,281 0.4 77 1.9 8 98 41 Unitcd States 255,414 0.9 76 2.1 9 99 t 41

Oman 1,647 3.8 70 6.7 10 84 9 Umg.ay 'i, 131 0.6 74 2 3 ?( 7 4 31

Pakistan 119,347 3.1 59 5+6 95 40 65 13 LJzbekistan 21,285 2 4 6q 4.3 44 -

Panama 2,514 2.1 73 2.9 21 § 92 17 28 Vanuatu 155 2 4 65 5.5 65

Papua New Guinca 4,055 23 56 4�9 54 § 7-3 48 35 Venezuel. 20,310 2.5 70 3+1 31 6 (11 12 28

Paraguay 4,519 2.9 67 4 3 47 4 95 to 21 Viet Na. 69,225 2.3 67 3.7 36 42. 12 41

Peru 22,370 2.1 65 3 3 52 11 95 15 24 Vkgi. Islands (LT.S.) 97 -1.4 75 2.4 20 -

Philippines 64,187 2.3 65 3.5 40 34 99 10 31 Western Samoa 162 0.5 66 4.5 45

Poland 38,365 0.4 71 2.1 15 97 46 Yemen, Rep 13,128 4 4 53 7.4 106 30 62 14

Ponugal 9,843 -0.7 74 1 4 II 99 15 37 Yugoslavia. Fcd. Rep. 10,597 0�8 72 2,1 28 -

Puerto Rico 3,573 0.8 76 2.3 14 Zaire 39,794 3 3 52 6.2 91 § 28 35

Qatar 524 6.0 71 4.4 26 87 8 Zambia 8,589 15 48 6.5 loh 25 80 27 30

Reunion 611 1.5 73 2.3 7 34 Zijiibib�e 10,352 3 0 60 4.6 Ty 10 �3 34

Romania 22,865 0.1 70 1.9 27 47

.. Malnutrition dma ,fer u, ;aiy vear from 1985 to 1992. d, Data for Jordan cover the East 13ank only.

b. Data tor Eritrea, not yet disaggregated, are included iri Fthiopia. e. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoiiia.

u. Data refer to the unified C�cmnauiy except f�u- school cniollment and illiteracy+

9

Population growth rate, Taux de croissance de la Tasa de crecimiento de la1985-92 population, 1985-92 poblaci6n, 1985-92The average annual percentage chanige in a Taux moyen annluel de variation de la La variacion porcentual anual media delcountry's populatiotn. The absolute change in a population. La variation absolue au cours ndmero de habitantes de un pais. La variaci6nyear is the sum of births and immigrants minus d'une annee est egale a la somme des absoluta en un ailo es la suma de losthe sum of deaths and emigrants. naissances et du nombre d'immigrants, moins [iacimiiientos y los inmnigranites menos la suma

la sommc des d6ces et dLo iiumoibre d emigrants. de las defunciones y los emigrantes.

3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Average ainnual K K 'chnge ' (

More than 3.0% ( ,

.- 2.2%-3.0% 7 -

1.5% -2.1%f/

1.0% - 1.4% w- '

Less than 1.0%

N. _data

Population GNP Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of workl populalion living in economiesgrowth rate, Nuumber oJ (US$000.000) (000,000) capOia (US$) economies with diJferent population growth with different population growth rates1985-92 economies 1992 1992 1992 rates

More than 3.0% 37 540,000 492 1,1002.2% - 3.0% 59 807,000 948 8501.5% - 2.1% 27 2,184,000 2,684 S50

1.0% - 1.4% 18 1,354,000 187 7,230 L__Less than 1.0% 56 17.997,000 1,130 15,930 KNo data 10 5,000 4 t,320) o s,oo0 t6,006 24,000 7

GNP per capita (US$), 1992

10}

Life expectancy at birth, Esperance de vie a la naissance, Esperanza de vida al nacer,1992 1992 1992

T he average number of year-s a uiewbor-ii baby Nombre moyen d'ann6es que vivrait un El numero de anfos que viviria un recieinwould live if patterns of mortality prevailing nouveau-ne si les tendances de la mortalite nacido, en prornedio, si las tendeneias de

for all people at the time of its birth were to observdes pour l'ensemble de la population au mortalidad prevalecientcs para toda lastav the same throughout its life. moment de sa naissance rcstaient inchang6es poblaci6n en el momento de su nacimienlo se

tout au long de son existence. maituvieran constantes durante toda su vida.

g 73 or mesre ) (ty F /~~~~~~~~~2)

~~~~~~~~~Less than 55 2 ,3, 4 l

| ~~~~~~~~~~73 ormiore 5 8510))9( (,9 '~10E

No data I~~~~N data 1500 10 1,0 2,0

GNP Population. (JNP per Average ~~GNP per capita of$) gruso hre9fwrdppuainlvngi2cnme

Total fertility rate, 1992 Indice synitheique de f6conidit6, 1992 Tasa de fecuiididad total, 1992

The nuLimiber of children a woman will bear Nombre d'entfants auqucl une feiime doniera El n6rmero de hijos que unla inijel tendrdduring her lifetime, given prevailing age- naissance pendant son existencc, calcul& sur la durante su vida, dadas las tasas prevalecientesspecific fertility rates. base des taux observes de ftcondite par age. de fecundidad especflica por ecacles.

Births pe'- wa

0h 00R.- W .... 7F4.0 -4.9

Less thani 2 -4, ,

No data

I C~~~~~~~~~~~NP Populationi (GNP per | Average GNP per capita of groups qf | Shares of wor-ldpopulation living itz econiomies|'fotal fertility Numnberof (US$000,000) (00(),000) tYapita (US$) econornies with differentfertilityrates withidifferentfertility rates|rate, 1992 economieS 1992 1992 1992

S or mnore 60 599,()00 X()8 740 _

2.() - 2.9 47 7,933,000)( 2,067 3,840 : \/LeI ss thaii 2 37 13,01(),000 98 9 14,490 11_ 0\\

|No data 1 3 6,000 4 J,510 | |0 8.00 6000 24,0600| ' ;0:- T-j L G2VPl9GNPp,, aptatu(US$),1IY92 -- _ I _--

12

Infant mortality rate, 1992 Thuix de mortalit6 infantile, 1992 Tasa de mortalidad infantil, 1992

The number of deaths of children under one year Nomaibre de deces d'enfants de moins d'un El ntuniero de defuncioties de ninOs de mcnos

of age per thousand live births in a givell year. an pour fiimlle naissances vivantes au courS de uin afio de edad en un ano detcrmintiado, pord'une annee donn6e. cada un mil nacidos vivos.

I) 2~~~ZD

.. t - .s, ,2 E ;'1.?' X K> f::

Deaths per 1, 00

Morethan 1 50

91 -150f/J

31 -90 >

10 or less

No data

Infant GNP Population CNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shar es of world population living in econoritiesmortality Niuober ot (US$000,000) (000,000) apita (US$) economies with dijferent infant rmortality with diffcrcntinPut nortahty ates

rate, 1992 Crronofnies 1992 1992 1992 rates

More than 150 3 2 L,7000 85 16091 - 150 37 173,000 -542 320

31 - 90 62 2,657,00(0 3,367 790

11 -30 57 1,718.000 608 2,830 7_10 0or less 35 18.318,000 838 21,850LNo daLa 13 6,001) 4 1,510 0 9.000 16,000 24.0(00

GNP per cpial,, I tLs,s), 1992

13

Child malnutrition, 1985-92 Malnutrition chez les enfants, 1985-92 Malnutrici6n en la niiiez, 1985-92

The percentage of children less than five years Pourcentage des enfants de moins cinq ans El porcentaje de ninos de menos de cinco anosold who are significantly underweight. dont le poids est sensiblement inferieur l la de edad quc presentan muy bajo peso.

normale.

-~30 - 39%

L I 20%29

L I(% J9%I

s Less than li

No data '

, ._~ ~ ~ ~~7

Child GNP Popuilation GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares o f wvorld populat.ion living in econonziesmalntztrition. Nuinbet- of (US'$000,000) (00()!000) capita (US$9) economies with dijfierent levels of with differenit levels of ehild malnzutrition1985-92 econornzes 1992 1992 1992 ciom/urto

40% ormrore 7 612,000 1.449 420_ ___ _ _ _ _

30%r - 39% 12 129,000 33()1 ; 39 10[

20% - 29% 19 203%00 29% 37 380,

10% - 19'/, 20 10% 0 - 49% Q 1'620-

Less than 10% 11 620.000 241 2,570No cNata 138 20,362,000 1a679 12,130 o 8.0()0 ta,00 24;000

Ch.ld (33/P Population GNP per Average GNP per capita (of, I Y92

14

Illiteracy rate, 1990 Taux d'analphab6tisme, 1990 Tasa de analfabetismo, 1990

The percentage of the population age 15 or Le pourcentage des jeuaie ages d'au atoims El porcentaje de Ia poblaci6n de 15 anios o maiso]der who csannot read anid write a short simple 15 ans incapah]es de lire et d'6crire. cn Ic que no es capaz de leer, cornprencdindolo, nistatement about cvetyday life. comprenant. un expose simple et bref de faits de escribir un relato breve y sencillo sobre la

en rapport avec leur vie quotidienne. vida cotidiana.

&4.tel 4 ' >-

f g@~~60% or nire ,.) "'"r

. % - 19% -

No data a

GS rP Population GNP per Average GNPp r capita of groups of Sltares of wor.ldpopulation living in economies

Illiteracy 7eTLsmibet of (11SWO0,000O (OOO,OOOJ capita (USS,) economnies with different illitelYLcy levels witlz difjerent illiteraucv levelsrate, 1990 ecf)no7nies 1992 1992 1992

60%/o or more 23 130,000 415 3o10 .40% -59% 23 651,0040% - 59 2294 (0 20%o -39% 25 904,000 1,5S96 570 2 - 95% -19% 28 2,278,000 73 2910- Less nLessthan5% 30 17,739,000 893 19S S 85No data 78 1,184,000 463 2.560 o 8.000 16000 24,000

r 0NPaperacapirte1 o992 - _ 29

60% or more 23 130,000 415 310 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

Female labor force, 1992 Les femmes daiis la population active, Fuerza de trabajo femenina, 19921992

The percentage of women in the labor force. Le pourcentage des femmes dans la population El porcentaje de mLIjeres en la fuer7a laboral.active.

-a p~~~~~~~~~~1

I- -.t -- ' ; :

Sh.are of totallabor orce

IN essthain25%

25% -29%j

7 3(0% - 36/c M1 /

'%42% or more

No data

GNP Populalion GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economies

Female labor Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different levels offemale with different levels offemale participation in theforce, 1992 economies 1992 1992 1992 participation in the laborJorce labor force

Less than 25% 33 761,000 640 - 1,190 l-25% - 29% is 1,966,000 1,290 1,52(030% - 36% 33 2,997,(00 751 3,990

7%- 41% 31 14,864,000 880 16,890 ----

42% or rnore 28 1,280,000 1,513 850No data 64 1,019,0(0 370 2,750 o 0o0o 0 6,00N 24,00nt0

_GNP per ,pita {I SS), 1 992

16

The economy L'economie EconomiaDespite the vast opportuniities crcated by the tech- Malgric toot cc qui a ete rendu possible par les ApesardelasenorTnesoportunidadesquehancreadono]ogical revolutions of the twentieth century, more revolutions technologiques du XXe siccle. plus de I las revoluciones tecnoi6gicas del siglo XX, mds dethan I hillionpeople, one-fiftihofthe world'spopula- milJiard ud'tres hImains, soit le cinqniidme de la l.ll0fmillonesdepersonas. csdeci-, iina qiintapartetion, live on less than one dollar a day-- a standard population mondiale, ne disposent pas de I dollar par de la poblaci6n del planeta, subsisten con menos deof living that Western Europe and the tdInited States jour poiir vivre-niveatn de vie de l'Errope dc un d6lar al dfa, nivel de vida que ya se alcanzd haceattained two hundred years ago. l'Ouest et des Etats-Unis il y a deux cents ans. 200 afnos en Europa Occidental y Estados Unidos.

The processes driving economilic developmentare Le developpemenit economique ob6it i des forces Los mecanismos que impulsa n el desarn-olloby no means fully understood. During the past forty dont on est loin de comprendre plcinement lejeu. Au economico no se conocen con precision. En losyears many developing counti-ies have achieved cours des 40 dernieres annees, beaunc(p de pays en tiltimos 40 antos han sido ntmierosos los pafses eniprogress at an impressive pace. Many have achieved developpement ont progressc a tin rythme impres- desarrollo que han progresado a un ritmo notable.striking gains in healthi and edincation. Some have sionnant. Les progres de la sante et de l'dducation Muchos han avanzado considerahlemente en la es-seen their average incomes rise more than fivefold- - dans beaucoup d'entre eux ont &t propremeit remar- fera de la salud y la educacidon. En algtinos el ingresoa rate of progress that is extr-aordiniary by historical quables. 1Lc revenn moyen de certains a plis que medio se ha quintuplicado con creces, Io que repre-standards. So if nothing else were certain. we would quintuple-realisation sans eJgale dans l'histoire. De senta un ritmo de progreso extraordinario enkinow that rapid and sustained development is no sorteque,sir-iend'autren'dtaitcertain,noussaotrions comparacion con el pasado. Por consiguiente, aun-hopcless dream, but an achievable rcalily. qu'un developpement soutenu et rapide n'est pas une que no hobiera certidumbre respecto a ninguna otra

Noniethieless, many countlies have donle poorly. chinidre, mais oln rl-vc rialisable. cosa, sabrianmos con seguridad (lire el desarrolloand in some. living standards have actually fillen Cela dit, pour beaucoup de pays, le bilan est rapidoyduraderonoesunailusidninalcanzable,sinoduring the past thirty years. That is why poverty maigrc. si maigre mcme qpoe le niveati de vie de iina realidad factible.remainssuchaformidableproblemandwhysubstan- certains a en fait baisse an cours dcs 30 dernieres No obstante. los resultados econ6micos ob-tial economic progress has yet to touch millions ol' anoecs. C'est pourquoi la paiivrct6 continue a poser tenidos en muchos paises han sido malos. y en al-people. un probleme d'une telle anipleur, ei c'est pourquoi gunos de ellos el nivel de vida de hecho ha bajado en

The real incoimie gap between the industrial des millionis de pcrsonnes n'onit guidre encore did los dltimos 30 altos. Fsa es la ra7z6nide que la pobre7acountries and sore developing countries, notably touchees par le progrds economique. siga planteando un problema de gran magnitud y dethose in East Asia, has iarroweed diamatically since ['iscart de revenoL reel entre les pays indilstriels et qure sean millones los scres humanos a los que elWorld War II. But the gap between the industrialized certains pays en developpernent, notamment ceux progreso economico nlo ha beneficiado todavfa.counbties and the developing countries of other d'Asie de l'Est. s'est singulidrement reduit depuis la A partir de la segunda guerra mundial se haLregionis has widened. Thc 1980s were a dil'ficult seconde guerre mondiale. Mais il s'est creus ecntre reducido extraotdinariamenteladifercnciaencuantodecade for oIost countries. particularly those ofLatiit les pays industriels et les pays en ddveloppcnit a ingreso real per cApita entre los paises industrialesAmerica, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Afi-ica. d'auties regions. Les annoes 80 ont ete une decennie y algunas naciones cn desanollo, especialrnente de

difficile pour la plipat ides pays, eii particulicr ceirs Asia Or-ieiital, per-o ein canbio se ha ariopliado Iad'Afrique subsaharienne. d'Amerique latine ct d'Asie brecha entre los paises industriales y las iracionies endui Sod. desan-ollo de otras regiones. El decenio de 1980 fue

un perfodo diffcil para la mayoria de los pafscs,particLlarmente los de Amdrica I atina, Asia

Mcridional y Africa al Sur del Sahara.

17

The economy

GNP GNPp--apita Share of Shar, of Share of GNP GNP per capita Share of' Share of Share of(millions Average - WeaT agicultnre exports investment (millions Average 177a agric.1ture exports itivestni-t

Of itiflalio. 8ro�th in GDP in GDP in GDP of injlation growth ih GDP in GDP iti GDPUS$) t-ate M US5 US$ tate M (%) M M US$) rule (%) M US$ rute M (170 M M

Economy 1992 1985-92 )991 1992 1985-92 1992 1992 1992 Economy 1992 1985-92 1991 1992 1985-92 1992 1992 1992

Afghanistan a § Dominican Republic 7,611 34.4 940 1,040 0.3 t 8 29 23Albania 15.2 b - 37 1 2 1 Ectiado, 11,843 49.6 1,010 1,07(l 0.6 t3 31 22Algeria 48,326 18.4 1,990 1,830 -2.0 15 27 28 Egypt, Arab Rep, 34,514 17.1 6tO 630 0.8 1 8 29 1 8Anicrican Samoa c - El Salvador 6,283 17.7 t'090 1,170 0.9 9 14 16Andorra c Equatorial Guinea 146 -0.4 290 330 -0.3 50 38 18

Angola -0.8 b § 43 12 Eritrea /f -- aAiitigua and Harbtida 395 5.9 4,720 4,870 1.1 4 Estonia /d 4,297 23.7 3,970 2,750 3.0 15 33 25Argeiitina 200,282 495.7 3,970 6,050 0.5 6 7 17 Ethiopia!f 6,206 3.2 120 110 -2.0 48 7 9Armenia Id 2,719 33.6 1,930 790 -8.2 Faeroe Istaftds cAruba c Fiji 1,510 5.2 1,920 2.010 2.6 is 55 13

Australia 299,323 5.2 17,120 17,070 0.7 3 18 19 Fiiiland 116,309 5.1 23,930 22,980 0-7 5 22 2(Austria 174,767 2.8 20,200 22,110 2.4 3 41 26 France 1,278,652 3.1 20,460 22,300 2.2 3 23 21Azerbaijan /d 6,290 38.8 1,240 870 - 28 20 French Gmann cBahamas, The 3,161 5.5 11,790 12,020 -1.2 French Polynesia eBaiiiaiii 3,690 (.2 7,150 - -1.7 1 119 22 Goboji 5,341 1.6 3,980 4,450 -2.1 9 42 27

Bangladesh 24,672 7.8 220 220 1.7 34 to t2 Ganibia, The 367 14.4 360 390 1.9 29 63 19Barbados 1,693 4.3 6,650 6,530 0.6 § 63 19 Goorgia/d 4 659 33.7 1,780 850 § 40 9Belarus Itt 30,127 41.6 3,280 2,910 - § 47 34 Germany 1,846:064 2.9 20,510 23,030 2.2 1 24 23BelgiLim 209,594 3.0 19,010 20,880 2.8 2 7.3 20 Ghaiia 7,066 31.2 420 450 1.2 49 16 13Belize 442 3.2 2,180 2,210 6.3 20 71 29 Gibraltar c

Benin 2,05g 1.2 380 410 -E5 37 23 13 Greece 5,106 16.5 6,420 7,180 1.1 § 23 1 8Bermuda e Gre-hind e §Bhutan 263 8.6 190 180 5.2 42 34 38 Grenada 210 5.2 2,300 2,310 4A 15 53 33Bolivia 5,084 25-7 650 680 1.0 § 15 16 Guadelupe cBosnia and Herzegovina a Guam c

Botswana 3,797 12,9 2,580 2,790 SA 5 Guateinala 9,568 20.8 940 980 0.6 25 17 16Brazil 425,412 731.3 2,920 2,770 -0.7 J1 10 18 Guinea 3,103 23.1 500 510 0.8 33 21 17Brunei c Giiinea-Bissau 217 71.1 190 M 0.4 46 14 27Bulgaria 11,906 30.7 1,840 1,330 -3.6 16 45 15 Guyana 2(,8 67.3 300 33D -5.4 41 32Burkitia Faso 2,908 1.8 290 290 0.9 44 12 24 Haiti 2,479 7-7 380 -2.9 12 11

Burundi 1.193 4.3 220 210 1.0 54 9 20 Honduras 3,142 11.3 555 581) 0.5 22 29 26Cambodia 200 § Hong Kong Ig 89,274 9.0 13,580 15,38( 5.6 0 144 29Caiiierooii 10,003 -0.6 860 820 -6.7 22 20 11 Efungary 30,671 18.5 2,750 3,010 -1.5 7 33 19Canada 565,787 3.7 20,5 1 U 20,320 0.3 2 25 20 feeland 6,177 16.8 23,230 23,670 0.5 12 33 19Cape Verde 330 8-6 7-50 950 1.8 13 21 26 India 271,638 9.5 330 310 3.3 32 10 23

Central African Reptiblic 11307 1.3 410 410 -14 44 12 12 Ind(inesia 122,825 8.8 610 670 4.7 19 29 35Chad 1,261 -0.2 210 220 13 48 19 8 Iran, lslarnic Rep. 130,910 21.0 2,410 2,190 -1.4 24 17 27Channel Islands e Iraq - -- b §Chile 37,064 19.7 2,360 2,730 6.1 31 24 Irelaiid 42,798 2.4 11,15( 12, 1 00 5.0 10 62 19China 442,346 7.5 370 380 6.0 24 2t) 34 Isle of Man c

Colombia 44,555 26.1 1,250 1,290 2.4 16 19 18 Israel 67,658 20.3 12,110 13,230 2.3 § 29 23Colooros 262 3.0 490 sto -2.3 40 16 20 Italy t,18(1,169 6-6 18,580 20,510 2.3 3 20 20Congo 2,502 -0.3 1,040 1,030 -3.0 13 37 17 Jamaica 3,216 23.9 1,490 1,340 2.9 5 64 20Coita Rica 6.201 18.1 1.970 2,OOD 2.6 is '49 28 Japan 3,507,841 1.4 26,840 28,220 4.0 2 10 32C&te d'lvoire 8,655 -2.1 680 670 -5.7 37 34 9 Jordan /h 4,406 7.2 1,060 1,120 -7.0 7 43 32

Croatia b Kazakhstan /d 28,584 2,030 1,680 § 17Cuba b Kenya 8,453 10A 340 330 0.6 26 2? 19Cyprus 7,070 4.2 8,670 9,820 5.1 6 46 27 Kiribati 52 5.1 720 700 -1.1 24 - -Czech Republic 125,313 8-5 2,700 2,440 -5.3 6 58 25 Kore., Dem, Rep. - bDenmark 133,941 3.4 23,760 25,930 1.2 4 37 17 Korea, Rcp. 296,349 6.8 6,350 6,790 8.5 9 29 39

Djibouti 4.5 b 3 60 12 KuwaiL v .' 0 36 36Dominica 181 M 2,440 2,520 5.1 26 54 27 Kyrgyz Republic Id 3,667 11.3 1,160 810 2.3 28 33

Not available. See map for range estimate. Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified; the iiumber 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than half the uiiitshown and not known rtioTe. precisely.

18

The economyGNlP GN'P per capira Share of Share of Shaire of GNPl GNPl per capita RaagSiharteuoef Shxorerotf I Sehsatrme onft

(toil/iins Average RleaT agriculture exports invest,nent (millions Average Ra giutr xot tertn

of inflation growtrh in CDP in. CDP in GDP of iniflation growth in GDP int GDP in GDP

US $3 rote (IV) U/S$ IIS$ rate (Pr) (Pr) (IV1) M% US$) rote (IV) U1$ US5$ rate (IV) (%V) (IV) IV,

Ecunrnrm 1992 1985-92 1991 1992 1985 92 1992 1992 1992 Economy /992 1985-92 2991 1992 1985-92 1992 1992 1992

Lao PDRK 1,104 30.1 220 250 1.8- § 10 13 Russian Federation /d .397.786 13.6 3.470 2.680 1. 2 .. 39

Latvia,d 5,080 43.8 3.920 1,930 -3.6 24 35 34 Rwanda 1,813 2.4 290 250 -2.8 41 6 1 6

Lebanon .. . . b .. § 24 20 Sin Marino ... .r.

Lesotho 1,090 13.5 570 590 (ItS8 1 1 19 78 St. Kitts and Nevis 181 8.8 3,780 3.990 5,3 9 47 46

Liberia _. . . a .. § . . St. Lucia 453 3.6 2,700 2.900 5.2 14 73

Libya .. -2.7 .. c ... . St. Vincent 217 4 3 1.840 1,990 4.7 18

Lithuania /d 4,922 49.8 2.420 1,310 -2.7 2 1 .. 22 Sao Tom& and Ptincipe 44 33.4 400 370 - 1.8 29 24 57

Luixembourg 13.716 3.1 31.860 35.260 3.1 1 94 31 Saudi Arabia 126,355 1.5 7,900 7,940 1.3 6 413 19

Maca, .- 9,3 .. r . . . . Senegal 6.124 1.7 730 780 0.3 1 9 23 1 3

Macedonia, FYRi A. .. . b . .. . .. Seychelles 378 3.4 5,070 5,480 4.1 5 67 20

Madagascar 2,809 15.6 210 230 -1.7 33 1 7 1 1 Sierra Leone 726 73.3 200 170 0.0 37 26 1 2

Malawi 1,896 17.6 230 210 0.3 28 24 1 9 Singapore 44,315 2.7 14,140 15.750 5.9 0 174 41

Malaysia 51,917 2.8 2.520 2.790 5.7 8 78 34 Slovak Republic 10,249 7.6 2,200) 1,920 -7.0 6 28 25Maldives 114 6.7 470 500 8.5 8 . . Sloveilia 12,744 ... 6.330 .. 5 64 16

Mali 2,730 1 2 270 300 -1 9 42 14 23 Solomson Isands 237 11.2 700 710 2.7 § 54 28

Mal-ta 2.606 2.7 7,300 . 9.4 § 85 33 Somnalnia. 75.4 .. a .. 65 10 16

Marshall Island, . .. . b . .. . ., Sonltb Africa 106,019 14.4 2,540 2,670 -1.3 5 25 16

Martiniqute .. . . c .. . . Spain 547,947 6.9 12.480 14.020 3.8 4 1 7 25

Mauritania 1,109 7.2 510 530 -(31 29 39 1 5 Sri Lanka 9,459 11.3 500 540 2.2 26 32 23

Mauritius 2,965i 9,0 2.380 2,700 6 3 II1 64 28 Sudan .. 50.4 .. . 29 5 13

Mayotere. .. . c .. . . . Sttrinamie 1,728 14.7 3,650 3,700 -3.2 11 27 16

Mexico 294,831 52.7 3.080 3,470 1.1I 8 14 23 Swaziland 930 12.7 1,130 1,080 6.4 15 77 20

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. .. . . b ... . .. Sweden 233,209 6.9 25,180 26,780 0.4 2 28 17

MoldovalId 5.485 14.0 1,700 1,260 -2.9 34 3 8 5 Switzerland 248,688 4.0 33,3710 36,230 1.1 835 27Mongolia .. 19.4 .. b .. 30 30 1 5 SyriannArab Rep. 34,607 19.4 1.170 .. 0.0 30 29 15

Morocco 27,210 5.7 1,030 1,040 1.3 14 22 24 Tajiktstan /d 3,723 .. 690 480 ..

Mo-rnabiqu. 1,034 48.1 80 60 -l 3 64 29 47 Tanzania!tj 2.561 25.2 120 110 1.4 62 1 7 19

Myatataiar .. 25.6 .. a .. 59 2 4 Thailand 106,559 5.8 1,6501 1.840 8.3 1 2 36 40

Natmibia 2,502 10,2 1,520 1,610 LI (0 38 14 Togo 1,575 2.3 410 400 -1.5 36 32 17

Nepal 3.285 10.0 180 170 2.1 52 20 22 Touga 136 10.4 1,290 t.330 -0.1I

Netherlandi 312.340 1.5 18.840 20.590 2.1 4 54 221 Trinidad and Tobago 4,995 5.2 3,790 3,940 -3.0 3 44 19

Netherlands Antilles . . . c ... .. . Tunisia 14.615 6.6 1,500 1.740 2.1 1 8 38 26

New Caledonia .. . . e .. . . , Turkey 114,234 54.7 1,-390 1,950 2.7 1 8 22 19

New Zealand 41.186 6.6 12.360 12.060 -0.4 8 29 17 Turktnenistanf 4,9A1.t140I,70" NtcaTagua 1,325 2533 8 400 410 -7.8 30 16 17 Uganda 2,949 91.1 170 170 1.8 57 6 14

Niger 2,466 -1 6 310 300 -1.5 37 14 5 Ukraine Id 87,025 11.5 2,190 1,670 ..

Ntige,ria 32.944 28.0 350 320 3.4 37 39 18 United Arab Erarrates 37,068 2.4 22,180 22.220 0.0 2 69 22

Northern Mar-iana Is. . .. b . . . United Kinigdom 1,024,769 6.0 16,600 17,760 1.5 2 24 16

Norway 110.465 4.5 24.090 25.800 0.2 3 45 19 Uotted Stales 5,904,822 3.7 22,340 23,120O 1.1 2 1 1 15

Oman 10,683 1.1 6,1 40 6,490 1.0 4 .. 17 UJruguay 10,444 78.6 2.880 3,340 2.9 1 1 22 13

I'akistan 49,-4/I 8.6 400 410 1.7 26 17 1 9 Ilzcbekistat t/d 18.377 61.7 980 860 .. 36 .. 26

Pana8ma 6.133 1,3 2.130 2,440 -1.2 9 3 1 19 Vanuatut 189 6.3 1,180 1.220 0.5 20 46 44

Papna New Guinea 3,846 4.] 930 950 -0 1 25 4 8 2 1 Veneznela 58.901 35.8 2,720 2.900 1.1 5 26 2 3

Paraguay 6,038 28.5 1,270 1.340 1.0 24 23 23 Viet Nam .,. .a

Pent 21.272 736.8 1.070 950 -4.3 8 10 16 Virgin Islands (IU.S.) . 3.3 .. e.

Philippines 49.462 10.1 740 370 1.9 22 29 23 Western Samoa 1 53 10.6 960 940 -0. 1 40 3 1 42

Poland 75.268 124.2 1,700 1,960 -1.9 6 1 9 22 Yemen, Rep. . 6,746 . 520... 21 16 2 1

Poltrgal 73.336 13.6 6,180 7,450 5.5 8 .5 32 Yugoslavia, Fed. Rep. .. . b .Puerto Rico 23,603 2.9 6,350 6,610 1 9 1 . 1 6 Zaire .. 74.2 ,.a .. I I1

Qatau 8,511 .. 15,040 16.240 -6.9 § . .. Zambia 2,580 69.1t 420 290 -2.1 9 26 28

Rettnlon .. . . c . .. . .. Zimbabwe 5,896 17.6 670 570 -0t6 20 35 22

Romania 24.865 311.9 1.41311 1,090 -5.5 20 28 28

a. EsLiniated to be low-income 15675 or less). b. Fstimated to he lower-middle-income (S676-$2,695). c. Estimated lo be apper- g. References to GNP relate to GDP. h. Data for Jordan cover the East Bank only. i. Fonner Yugoslav Republic of Maicedonia.

mridtlleincoree l.8,696-SX.34551. d. See the introduction. c. Estimated to be high-income ($8,356 or more). f. Data for Eritrea. j. Data far UNP and GNP per capita cover mainland Tanzania only.not yet disaggregated, are included in tathiopta.

19

GNP per capita, 1992 PNB par habitant, 1992 PNB per capita, 1992

A COLIntl-N's gross national product divided by Produit national brut divise par le noinbre El producto nacionial but)o de un pais divididoits population. d'habitanjts. por so n6mero de liabitantes.

UJS lolIarin Low 1,

$675 or less

-Lower-middle- $676 - $2,695

Upper-middleL $2.696 -$8,355

$8.356 or more 4Pf

| No daia -K---

GI-P Population GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economiesCNP per capita, NU1o7ber of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different levels of GAIP with df(erent levels of GVP per capita1992 economiies 1992 1992 1992 per capita

Tow 57 1,139,000 3,2 15 350Lower-nmiddle 69 1,614,000 949 1.701)Upper-Middle 43 1,837,000 451 41070High 38 )8,297,000) 828 22.100 -. s World 207 22,887,000 5,443 4.20_

020,000 6.000 24M00___________ ____________ _________ jGN PIp,'r (aplta ( %,1992

20

GNP per capita growth rate, Taux de croissance du PNB Tasa de crecimiento del PNB per1985-92 par habitanit, 1985-92 capita, 1985-92

The average annual percentage change in a Variation annuelle iiioyeiine. en pourcenitage. La variaci6n porcentual anual media del PNB

country's real GNP per capitai. dcit PNB rdel par habitant. per cdpita real de un pais.

F-~~~~~~~~~~~~~v

Aver0ge aonnoalchange ~

Less thdan Mc

2 0% -0.9%Li2.0% - 2.9% ,

3.0%ormrore

No data

GNP per capita GNP Popuilation GNP per Average GNP per calpita of grouips of Shares oJ world population liviing in econtomiesgrowth rate, Atunber of (US$000,000) (000.000 capita (US$) economies with different rates of groivtk of with different rates of growth of GNP per capita1985-92 econonmics 1992 1992 1992 GNP per capita

Less thai OC,0% 51 1,1(8,000 661 1,630 N 1 ---- E-0% - .%24 1.681,000 226.420

1.0% 0 1.9% 26 8,083,000 875 9,240) L - _i2.0% - 2.9% 18 5.287,000 386 13.700 -3.0% or more 31 5,903,t000 2,684 2,200 .12i ,0

No data 57 852,01)0 576 1,4801) &ii I6,DCO 4oOO2GIp,capita (US$), /52

21

t Share of agriculture in GDP, Part de l'agriculture dans le PIB, Proporci6n de la agricultura en el1992 1992 PIB, 1992

The value added in a country's agriculture Valeur ajout6e du secteur agricole, en El valor agregado en el sector agricola de unsector, as a percentage of gross domestic potircentage dii procduit interieur brut. pafs como porcentaje del producto intertioproduct. bruto.

"a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J

Shaire inGDP

30 rmore

20% -29%D~~~~ 10 -3 9C/C

60% - 19%

Less than 6%

L No data

Share of GCP Population GNP per Average GNPper capita ofgroups of Shares of world populatioi living in economiesagriculture Nuinberof (US$000,000) o000,00O) ceapita (US$) economies with differentportions of GDP with differentportions ofjGDPcaomingfromin GDP, 1992 economies 1992 1992 /992 comningfrom agriculture agriculture

30% or more 48 509,000 1,552 33020% - 29% 32 890,000 1,638 54010% - 19%/ 33 1,629,000 882 18950 6, - 9% 22 1,523,000 324 4,690 \ ., _Less than 6% 38 18,229,000 910 20.040 ___ -No data 34 106,00() 139 760 S AX000 16,000 24,000

GNP pe t capita (US$), 1992

22

Share of exports in GDP, 1992 Part des exportations dans le PIB, Proporci6n de las exportaciones1992 en el PIB, 1992

Exports of goods and nonfactor services as a Exportalions de biens et de services non Las exportaciones de hienes y servicios no

percelntage of gross domestic produLct. tacteurs, en pourcentage du produit int6rieur atribuibles a factores como porcentaje delbrut. producto interno bruto.

7 ~ .->r 7-' s -r- = X>V

Les t,a -I O,k71 or - r9,

20% - 249%

K25% -34% 21,35%c or more c

L:No data t

GNP Population GNP per Average GVP per capita f 'groups of Shares of world population living in econoiniesShare of exporls Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with differentportions of GDP with different portions of GDP comingfromn

in GDP, 1992 economies 1992 1992 /992 comingfroin exports exports

Less tlhan 10% 7 236,000 189 1,250I0 ns- 19% 33 11.660,0(N) 2.101 5,550 -

20% - 24% 20 6,163,000 1,592 3,870

25% - 34% 33 1.818,000 665 2.73() _'1

35% or morc 55 2.214,000 392 5.650 1-'- ____No data 59 796,000 505 1,580 0 8,000 6,000 24,000

GNPpf' 1 •ia P- 5S,. 1992

23

Share of investment in GDP, 1992 Part de I'investissement dans le PIB, Proporci6n de la iuversi6n eii el PIB,1992 1992

Gross domcstic investment as a percentage of Investissement intfricur brut, enl pourcentage La inversi6n iinterna brmta comalo porcentaje delgross domestic prodiuct. du produit int6rieur brut. producto interno bruto.

; 2 ' i 0 X ISK /9 f,

'2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Share in GDP

Less tlian 15%

K15% - [9%I20%- 4

J 25% - 29%30% or more -

7 No dala .

Share of GNP Pop ulatiion GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in ecolloiniesinvestmuent Number of (US$000,000) (000,0(a0) capita ((IS$) economies with different portions of GDP with different portions of

The environment L'environnement Medio ambienteThe environmiienital problemiis that counties face vary Los problemes onvironnomeotauix des pays varient Los problemas ambientales de los parses varfanwith their stage of development. the structure of their selon leur niveau de d&veloppement. la structure de seguin la fase de desarrollo en que se encuentrcn, laeconomies, and their environmental policies. At die Jcur economolie el leur politique de Fernvironnement. estructLra de su economia y sus politicas ambieni-core of much environmental degradation is the lack La degradation de l'environnement a bien souvent tales. Gran parne del deterioro ambiental se debeol'econoinic development: inadequate sanitation and pour principale cause Ic manque de d6velopperent esencialmneite a la falta de adelanto econo6nico: enclean water. indoor air pollution from biomass burn- ceonomiquc: Jinsuffisance de l'assainissementet de los pafses en desarrollo, los servicios inadecuados deing, and maniy types of laTid degradation in develop- I'approvisiomtieilnent en eau propre. la pollution de saneamniento y agua potable, la contanminaci6oL dieing countries have povcrty as their root cause. Here l'air des habitations ou l'on brdle de la hiomasse et aire en los interiores de las viviendas a causa del usothe challenge is to acceleraLe equitable inicomiie de nomiibreux types do d6gradation des sols dans les de combustibles de biomasa y muchos tipos degrovth and promote access to the necessary resour- pays en developpemnet sont a metlre sur le compte degradacidn de los sunlos lienen cotno causa fun-ces and technologies, de la pauvrete II s'agit done de promouvoir alle damental la pobreza. En este caso, la tarea sera

But some problems are exacerbated by the growth croissance accelerce et equitable du revenu et de acelerar un aumento equitalivo del ingreso yof economic activity. Industrial and energy-related lavoriscr, a cotte fin, Facces aux ressourccs et aux promover el acceso a los recursos y tecuologias qocpollutiDn (local and globalJ, deforestation caused by technologies. se necesiten.commlrercial logging, and overuse of water are the Mais cetains probltnues soot amplifi6s par la cois- Sin embargo, algunos pohliemas se exacerbanresult of economic expansion that fails to take ac- sance de l'activitc economique : pollution (locale et con el crecinmiento de la actividad econ6mica. Lacount of thie value of the environmecnt. llere the mondiale) d'origine ildustrielle ot rnergeitique, contaminaci6n inidustrialyolelcionadaconielusodechallenge is to build recognition of environmental deboisement d i uone surexploitation commerciale energia(anivelnacionalymundial).ladeforestaci6nscarcity into decision-makitig. Witlh or without des forets et utilisation abusive de l'eau sont Ic causada por la explotaciona maderera corsercial y eldevelopment, rapid population growth may make it resultat d'une expansion economique insensible a la uso excesivo de agua son el resultado de unamor e difficult to address many environmental valour de Jenvironnement. JI s'agit, ici, d'integrer a expansi6on econ6mica que n0o toma en] cuenta ilebida-problems. la prise de decisions la reconnaissance du fait que les mentc el valor del medio ambiente. En tal caso, lo

Other problemiis dectlise as incomes rise. Wheni rcssouiresdel'environnement resonitpas irepuisables. que bay que hacer es lograr que en cl procesoindividuals no longer have to worry about day-to-day Avec ou sans d6veloppement, I'accroissement rapide de decisorio se reconozca el valor de eseasez de lossurvival, they can devole resources to profitable in- la population pouna rendre plus difficile Ia solution de recursos ambientales. Coo o sini desarrol]o, el rapidovestments in conscrvation. These positive synergies beaucoup de problermes d'environnement. aumento de la poblaci6n puede hacer nmis diffcilbetwecu economic growvth anid environmental D'autres problimes se r6sorbent avee l'augmenta- abordar muchos de los problemas ambientales.quality must not be underestimated. tiondurevenu. Des lors que'onn'aplus asepreoccuper Otros problemas disminuyen con el aumento de

Still otber problems initially worsen but then do1 lendesnaini, on pout consacrer uroe partic de ses los ingresos. Cuaido Los individuos no tienen ya cLueimprove as incomes rise. Most forms of air and water ressources a de rentables investissements de protection preocuparsc por la supervivencia diaria puedenpollutioTI fit into this category, as do sonic types of dollilicu. CLs sylIergis cltic lacioissance6dcnourique dledicar rectusos a invoisiomies rcntables en conser-deforestation and encroachment on natural habitats. et ]'environnement ne sont pas a sousestimer. vaci6n. Esta sinergia positiva entre el crecimientoThere is nothing automatic about this itmprovement; D'aLltresppmblmesencorecomTnencentpars'aggm- econ6rnico y la calidad del medio amibiente no debeit occuIrs only when countries deliberately introduce ver pour s'arreliorer ensuite it niesure que le revenu subestimarse.policies to ensure that additional resources are augmoeuite. Cest le cas de la plupart des fonfes de Por tiltinio, otnas situaciones onpeoo-an al prin-devoted to dealing with environmental problems, pollution de l'air et de leau, ainsi que do certains types cipio, pero luego mejoran con el aumento de los

do d6boisemoient e d' intmusion deans les habitats natoLrels. ingresos. En esta categor-ia se encuadran casi todosCette amelioration n'a rien d'automatique: elle se los tipos de contaminaci6n del aire y el agua, asfprodLuit unliqueanent lorsque les pays apspliqueot como algunas clases de deforestacitn v de invasi6nd6libhreimnt une politique qui leurpertmet de consacrer de los habitats neturales. Esta mejora no es en ab-pILts de ressoLuces i Ia r-echerche de solutions asix so]itito autnritica; se produtce s6 cuallo Ins paiSesproblemes de l'environnemnent. introducen deliberadamente polfticas que aseguran

que los recursos adicionales se usen para abordar losproblemas ambientales.

25

The environmentEnergy use Energy rise

(oil equivalent) Water uise /a Forest coveetrage (oil equivalent) Water use /a Fat-cut coveragePer GD7P output As % of Per Total As % of Annual Per GDP output As % of Per 7otal As % of Annual

capita pet- kilogratn total water capita at-eu total at-crage capita per kilogrami total water, capita area total averrage(kg) (US$) resources lb (cubic us) (000 sq ktt) land-ara change (%,) (kg) (US$) resourees lit (cubic nt) (000 sq kmn) land area change (%?)

Economy 1991 1991 1970-89 1970-89 /989 1969 1980-89 Econamy 1991 1991 1970-8q 1970-89 1989 1 989 1980-89Afghtanistan - 52 1,706 1 9 3 0.0 D5omitnicans Re.putblic 341 2.9 1 5 443 6 13 -0.3Albania 1,152 5 94 10 38 0.4 Ecuadar 598 1.8 2 567 112 40 -2.4Algeria 1.956 0.9 10 160 47 2 1.0 Fgypt, ArablRep. 594 1.0 97 1,213 0 0 0.0American Saitsoa - - - 0 70 0.0 El Salvador 230 4.9 5 245 1 5 -3.6Andotra - 0 79 - - -- Equatorial Gainea 73 4.4 0 15 13 46 0.0Angola 221 80 52 530 42 -0.2 Eritre.a le, - -- - --Antigua and Barbuda 1,589 3.2 - 0 Il -2.6 Estonia - -- -- --Argeitinia 1,764 3.3 3 1,042 593 22 -0. Ethiopia le 20 6.3 2 49 272 25 -0.4Artnenia --- - - -- - Factoe Islands - -- -- --Art ua --- . - -- - Fiji 546 3.5 0 41 12 65 0.0Australiai 5,211 3.3 5 1,280 1,060 14 0.0 Finland 5,602 4.4 3 605 232 76 -0.1Austria 3.500 6.0 2 279 32 39 -0.3 Fraince 3,854 5.5 24 783 148 27 0.1Azerbai jan -- . -- -- Fr-ench Guiana - 0 79 73 83 0.0Bahamas, The -. 1.6 8- 3 32 11.0 French Polynesia -- -- -- 1 31 0.0Bahraini 11.813 0.7 - 735 --- - Gabon 1,154 4.0 0 57 200 78 (1.0Bdangladeash 57 3.7 1 211 20 15 -1.3 Gatnbia, The 66 5.9 0 29 2 16 -3.1Barbados 1.951 3.5 51 117 ... - Georgia - -- -- --BeLarus -- - . -- -- Gertoansy Id 3,463 5.7 28 729 1134 30 0.Belgium 2.793 7.0 72 917 -.- - Ghauia 130 3.5 1 3.5 81 35 -0.8Belize -. 4.5 0 104 10 44 0.0 Gibtaltar -... - ---Benin 46 8.4 0 26 35 32 -1.3 Greece 2.110 3.2 12 720 26 20 0.0Bermtisla - . .. 0 20 0.0 Greenland II--..1 0 0 0.0Bhsutans 15 11.5 0 14 26 55 0.2 (Grenada 2814 7-8- 16 0 9 0.0Bolivia 251 2.7 0 184 557 51 0.1 Guadeloutpe ..- .79 1 41 -0.1IBosnia attd Hlerzegovitsa ... . . .- . Guam 9,539 -.- .0 18 0.0Botswana 408 6.9 I 100 109 19 -0.1I Guatemala 155 6.4 1 139 38 35 -1.9Brazil 908 3.0 1 248 5,531 65 -0.4 Guiitea 68 8.0 0 140 146 60 -0.4Brunt!i 7,881 -. 13 2 45 -3.5 Ginisea-Biss,au 38 5.5 0 II HI 38 011Bulgaria 3,540 0.4 7 1,600 39 35 0.1 Guyana .. 2 7,564 164 83 0.11BnrkitiaFRasa 17 17 5 I Is 67 24 -0.9 tI sii 49 8.2 0 7 0 1 -4.0Bwrtctdi 24 8.6 3 210 1 3 0.8 Hosnduras 181 3.2 1 510 33 30 -2.0Cambodita 59 2.9 0 68 134 76 0.0 Hong Kotig 1.438 10.0 -.. 0 12 -0.4Catuueroon 147 6.7 0 37 247 53 -0.4 Hungary 2,870 1.1 5 502 17 18 0.5Canada 9.390 2.7 2 1,684 3.5801 39 0.6 Icclattd 7,226 3.3 0 366 1 1 (1.0Cape Verde 303 2.4 201 147 00 0.1 lIndia 337 0.9 18 612 667 22 -0.5Central African Republic 29 14.3 0 25 358 57 0.0 Indonesia 279 2.3 1 95 1,134 63 -0.4Chad 17 13.1 0 34 128 10 -0.6 trm, Tslansic Rep. 1,078 1.9 39 1,362 180 11 0.1)Channel Islanids -.- . . .- - I,aq 610 § 43 4,575 19 4 -0.2Chiile 892 2.8 4 1,627 88 12 0.1 Ireland 2,754 4.5 2 235 3 5 0.8China 61X2 (1.5 16 462 1,246 13 -0.8 Isle of Man . .- .ColoiTibia 778 1.6 0 172 506 49 -0.6 Israel 1.931 6.6 88 441 1 5 -0.4Comorrts 37 13.6 1 14 0 16 0.0 Italy 2.756 7.2 30 9841 67 23 0.8Congo 214 5.4 0 19 212 62 -0.1I Jamaica 858 1.7 4 159 2 17 -0.5Costa Rica 570 3.2 1 780 16 32 -0.8 Japan 3,552 7.h 16 /133 251 67 -0.1Metd'lvoire 170 4.5 1 66 76 24 -2.8 Jordan/ c 656 1.3 41 173 I 1 1.3

Croatia ..- . . -. - Kazaklstatt -. -Cuba 1,19/ -. 23 870 28 25 0.9 Kenya 104 3.2 7 50 24 4 -0.8Cypruis 1,701 4.6 60 812 1 13 (3.1 Kirilbati .. 4.2 .. 10 (1 3 0.0Czech Republic ... . - .- - Korea. Gem. Rep. 2,349 .. 21 687 90 74 0.0Detsttsark 3,747 6.7 9 228 5 12 0(1 Korea, Rep. 1,936 3.4 17 299 65 66 -0.1IDjibouti 1.239 §2 29 0 0 0.0 Kttwuit 6,414 2.2 .. I 0 0 (1,0Domintca 2816 8. 14 0 41 0.0 KyrgyzRcpublic . .-

Not available. See map for range estimate. Note: Figures in italics are fotr years other than those specif-ied; the numbter 0 or 0.0 tmeatrs zero or less than htaif tlhe uttit shownand not known tmore precisely.

26

The environmentEnergy use Energy use

(oil equivalent) Water use la Fue5i coverage (oil equivalent) Water use la Porest cove-ge

Per CDP output A, %of Per fotal As % of' Annual Per GDP output As lk of Per Total As%of Annual

capita per kilogram latal water apno area tofat average capita perkilogram total water capita orea total average

(kg) (US$) ewurcc, lb (� -bi, n) (000 �q k ) 1-dwea h.uge (%) (kg) (US$) r ....... lb (cubic m) (000 q km) I..d - chance (%)

Economy 1991 1991 1970-89 1970-89 7989 1969 198(-SQ Economy 1991 1991 1976-89 1970-89 1989 1989 1981)-89

Lao PDR 42 5.8 0 260 128 55 -0.8 Rusian Federation -

Latvia Rwanda 29 7.9 23 6 23 -0.5

Lebanon 714 § 16 271 1 9 -0.8 San MarinoLesotbo 1 31 6 0 17St. Mtts atid Neyis 500 7. 0.0

Liberia 169 0 56 18 19 -1.7 St. Lucia 347 7.6 89 0 13 0.0

Libya 3,400 1.6 374 692 7 0 1 St. vinceiit 206 9.0 108 0 36 0.0

Lithuania - - Sgo Tonui and Pfincipe 128 3.5 10

Luxeiiibourg § 1 159 Saudi ATabia 4,866 1.5 106 321 12 1 (.0

Macao 758 Senegal 105 TO 4 2(2 59 31 -(- I

Macedoiiia, FYR If Seychelles 1,747 3.1 15 0 19 0.0

Madaga%mr 39 5.7 41 1,642 157 27 -0.9 Sieua Lcone 75 2.4 0 96 21 29 -0.2

Malawi 41 6.1 2 20 37 40 -2.6 Singapore 6,179 2A 32 84 0 5 0.0

Malaysia 1,066 2.4 2 768 19i 58 -1,2 Slovak Republic

Maldives 144 33 0 3 0.0 Slovenia

Mali 23 12.2 2 162 70 6 -0.4 Sototiiuii IslaDds 3.7 0 18 26 91 0.0

Malta 1,627 4.0 66 Somalia 64 1.8 7 119 91 14 -O. 1,

Marshall Islands South Africa 2,262 1.2 18 410 45 4 0.6

Martinique 199 0 36 -0-8 Spain 2,229 6.1 41 1,184 157 31 0.1

Mauritania III 5.0 10 494 49 5 1.3 SriLanka 177 310 15 503 17 -) 7 -0. I

Mauritius 389 6.5 16 410 1 31 -0.2 Sudan 54 -5.2 14 1,092 451 19 -0.6

Mayotte Surinarne 1,720 ?J 1.155 149 95 0.0

Mexico 1,383 2.5 15 875 430 23 -1.2 Swaziland 285 3.8 4 409 1 6 0.7

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. S.eden 5,901 4-6 2 356 280 68 0.0

Moldova - Switzcrlajid 3,943 &7 2 170 11 26 0.(Mongolia 1,240 0.8 2 273 139 9 -1.1 Syrian Arab Rep. 955 1.4 9 434 7 4 3.2

Morocco 252 4.3 37 499 79 18 0.2 TajikistmMozambique 59 1.4 1 53 144 18 -0.8 Tanzania 437 3 . 1 36 411 46 -0.3

Myanmar 82 4 0 fol 324 49 0.1 Thailand 438 3.9 18 600 142 28 -1.6

Namibia 2 84 182 22 -0.2 Togo 47 9.2 1 28 16 30 -0.6

Nepal 22 7.8 2 151 25 18 0.0 Tonga 6.2 22 0 11 0.0

Netherlands 5,147 3.7 16 993 3 9 0.3 Trinidad and Tobago 4,907 0.8 3 i48 2 43 -0.4

Netherlands Antilles Tunisia 556 2.9 .53 317 6 4 1.8

New Caledonia 10 7 39 0.0 Turkev 809 2.3 18 434 2U2 26 0.0

New Zaand 4,893 2.5 0 585 73 27 0.4 Turkn�enistan

Nicaragua 254 1.8 1 370 35 29 -2.8 Ugwida 25 6.1 0 20 56 28 -0.9

Niger 41 7.1- 1 41 21 2 -2.6' UkraiDe

Nigeria 154 2.2 1 37 122 13 -2.2 United Arab Fmirates 10,894 2.0 140 414 0 0 0.0

Northem Matiana Is. - - -- - United Kingdom 3.689 4.8 12 253 24 10 1.4

Norway 9,130 2.7 0 490 83 27 0.0 United States 7,681 2.9 19 1,952 2,939 32 -0. I

Untan 2,859 23 22 561 - I iruguay 816 3.9 1 241 7 4 0.9

Pakistan 243 1.6 33 2,053 35 5 1.7 lJzbekistan

Panaiiia 1,661 1.4 1 744 33 44 -2.5 Vanuatu 3.4 9 75 0.0

Papua New Guinea 231 4.1 0 28 382 84 -0. I Venezuela 2�5121 1.1 387 305 35 -0.9

Paraguay 231 6.2 0 110 144 36 -3.9 Viot Nam loo 0.9 1 81 98 30 -2.8

Peru 451 2.2 15 301 687 54 -0.4 Virgin Isl4nds (U.S.) 0.5 -- - 0 6 0.0

Philippines 218 3.3 9 693 106 35 -1.8 Westem Samoa 436 2.1 1 47 0.1

Polan(i 3,165 R6 30 472 87 29 0.1 Yemen, Rep. 96 6.9 147 179 31 6 -0.3

Portugal 1,584 4.2 16 1,075 30 32 0.0 Yugoslavia, Fed. Rep. - - --

Puerto Ricu 2,015 4.6 - 2 20 -0.2 Zairt 70 3.5 0 22 1,746 77 -0.2

Qatar )3,784 1.1 234 Zambia 369 L2 0 86 289 39 -0.2

Reunion 76 1 35 -0.9 Zimbabwe 517 1.2 5 138 192 50 -0.4

Romania 3,048 0.4 12 1,144 64 28 -- O.O

a. W-ter use data refer to aiiy year from 1970 to 1989. b. Refers to intemat renewable water resourceq. e Except for water use estimate,,d,na II- Jordan covei the East Bank only.

c. Data for Eritrea, not yet disaggregated, are included in Eftopia. F, Fonner Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

d. Refers to the Federal Republic of Germany before uri ification.

27

GDP output per kilogram of energy PIB par kilogramme de ressources PIB por kilogramo de energiaused, 1991 6nerg6tiques consomnile, 1991 consumido, 1991

Gross domestic product divided by total Produit int6ricur bhiut divise par la El producto interno bruto dividiclo por elencrgy consumption7 expressed in US dollars. consommation totale t'cnergie, exprime conStisilo total de energia, expresado en

en dollars des Etats--Unis, dMlares de EE.UU.

St - W9T .0f -

>7/~~~~~~~~~~.

US dollars >( > .I

Less tlan $1 / i"

$1.00 - $2.40 7

$2.50 -$3.90

$4.00 - $5.90 .

$6 or nore Ž,

F; No data -

GDP output per GNP Population GN/P per Average GC,P per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in ecotioatieskilogram of Nmber of UJS$000, 000, (o00,Oor) capita (US$) econon2ies with different a?oufts of energy withi differen amounts of energy used fo7 everyenergy used, 1991 econol72ies 1992 1992 1992 usedfin- every dollar oj'GDP dollar of GDP

Les's than $1 13 900.000 2,223 400$1.00 - $2.40 36 1,711.00(0 870 1,970$2.50 -$3.90 39 8,331,000 1,063 7,840$4.00 - $5.90 26 4,729,00)0 337 14,0201$6 or iore 41 6,266,000 531 11,810No data 52 949.000) 420 2,260 8,0) 16.()0( 24,(6)

G NPper'"pilsi(hJS.), i9J2

28

Annual water use, 1970-89 Consommation d'eau annuelle, Uso anual de agua, 1970-891970-89

A counitry's annuai waler use as a perceitage Consommation d'cau annuelle d'iun pays El corIsumo anual de agua de un pafs conio

Of its internal renewablc water resources. exprini6e en pourcentage du total de ses porcentaje de suis recursos hictricos renovabics

ressources en tan inten-sies renouclables. propios.

S 2% -. 39cr -a_/ -

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~I

% Pecei 4f0% rmreal X >

(3 No dat 2-

Less~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~$ tha$2

A0 - Y'"

Annul GNP Populatin PNP per etAvernfge (NP per capita ofgroups of Shares of world population livinog inO econonies

water use, Number of (US$00000) ) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with different use of internal with different ase oJ internal renl ewable water

1970-89 economuies 1992 1992 1992 renewable water resourees resources

Less than 2%/, 59 1,056,000 1.017 1,040

2% - 9% 34 2,282,000 428 5.330

10% 19% 22 12,666.000 2,937 4,310 _ _-___

20% - 39% 12 4,686,000 478 9,810 __ ___ 1 |

40% or more 15 1,136,()00 211 5.380 _,

No data 65 1062,000 373 2,850 o 8,000 16.O()0 24,000GNP perwcpta. (us$), 1992

29

Annual water use per capita, Consommation d'eau annuelle Uso anual de agua per capita, 1970-891970-89 par habitant, 1970-89

A country's annual water use, in a single Consonm-lation d'eau annluclle d'un pays, El conisutno anual de agua de un pafs en unyear, divided by its population of the same calculee potir une ann6e donn6e, divisee par solo ano, dividido por su nmtero deyear and expressed in cubic meters. la population de ce pays au couirs de I'annee habitantes en cl mismo afno y expresado en

en question et exprimee en metres cubes. metros c6bicos.

g9 I.(l();} r lllol e v .:N

NN

Cubic meters

Less than 50

LI50 - 199200 - 499

500 -999 7

Li1,000 or moreNo data

Annual water usc GNP Populationz GNP per Average GNP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economiesper capita, Number of (US$000,000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies with ditferent levels of water use with different levels oJ water use per capita1970-89 economies 1992 1992 /992 per capita

Less thani 50 38 133,000 349 380 | RMA50(- 199 43 664,000 563 1,180200 -499 34 3,63-5,000 1,856 1,960500 - 999 26 9,502,000 1,564 6,070 ____1,000 orimore 18 7,943,000 743 10,690No data 48 1,010,(00 368 2,750 o 8,000 16,000 24.00

GNPpe2 capita (US$), 1992

30

Forest coverage, 1989 Couvert forestier, 1989 Cubierta forestal, 1989

The percentage of total land area ihat is Superficie bois&e en pourcentage de la El porcentaje de la superlicie continental del

covered hy forest and wocdlan&l. superficie totalc des terres. planeta que esta cLbierto de bosques y tierras

arboladas.

g:_ ~ ~ ~ *~.~~ ~ ~~ )iSl~ ~ ~ ~~~R

o / ,rrd .- rX -~p > ps' \

--3 6W/,, or mnorc '1 , n S r _

/3011, - 59/11'

15-% - 291,

10% -14% V

Less than 10%

I No data

Forest GA'P Populalion (GNP per Average (GNP per capita oJ grouips of Shares of world population living in ecovtornies

coverage, Numtber of (US$000.000) (000,000) capita (US$) economies withi differenttforest coverage with differentforest coverage

1989 economies 1992 1992 1992

60% or nolre 20 4,751,000 608 7,820 __I _

30% - 59%o 50 9,503,000 873 10,890

15% -29%7 40 4.220,000 1,696 2.490

0-]14r, 15 2.208.000 1.450 1,520

Less than t0% 37 1,066,000 445 2,400

No data 45 1,139,000 373 3 00I 0 8 -ooO 16.000 74.-24,0*0GNP per'pia (US$1.1992

3-f

t~1t~ ~nVroriment Change in forest coverage, Variation du couvert forestier, Variaci6n en la cubierta forestal,1980-89 1980-89 1980-89

I he pereentagc chan gc in f(rest area. 1e pourcentage de variation de la superticie 1 a variacion porcentul11 en Ia SLpelfiCeeboisee. cubierta de bosques.

_=_ 4 , _ ., 3

(3~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1f-V:XX~~~~~ ,2r2 2< > P

Avera,ge an/faauachange

J More than 0.2%: 0%-0.27• % q I / , 2 24'

j -10.3% - 07.1o,' 4 /

-1.0% - -0.4% 4-..>J 4

L.ess than -1.0°/ ,\ 7 ,

4 El No data

Change in Gl'P Population GN/P per Average (;NP per capita of groups of Shares of world population living in economiesforest coverage, kunhber of (US$000,000) (000,000) Capita ((US$) economies with different percentage change with diferentpercentage change injorest area1980-89 economries 1992 1992 /992 t forest area

More than 0.2% 20 3,505,000 417 8,400

09/ - 0.204 62 5,615,000 676 8,300-0.3% - -0.10 26 10.616.000 1,537 6,910-1.0% - -0.4% 30 1.371,000 1,841 740 K\Less than -1.0% 24 640,000 6((0 1,070No data 45 1,139,000 373 3,060 b 8,()0 i6.000M 24,000

GNPpo, (apita (US$), 1992

32

Technical All information, derived from World Bank data files. Fo smooth fluctuatiotns in prices and exchange Other data issuesdiraws Uo data directly collected froiri riational statis- rates, a special Arlas method of conversion is used by Growth rates of inflation, population, and GNP pernotes tica] offices and from other international agencies. the World Bank. This applies a convcrsion factor that capita are average annual growth rates computed by

such as the Uniited Nations specialized agencies. averages the exchange rate for a given year and the ltt tre lvestth logrith valeo tetwopccodlgyars djusingordi'fernceinraes littin, trend lities to the logarithimic values of thetwo) preccdinig years, adjusting for differences in rates

The people of inflation between the country and the United variables for each year of the period.Populationandotherdemographicdataareestiniated States. 'I'hc resulting estimatc is divided hy the Thcedata lor China do not include Taiwan, China.by the World Bank fron data provided by the U.N. tnidyear population to obtain the per capita GNP in In this edition, all economic data refer to the unifiedPopulation Division. the U.N. Statistical Office, and current U.S. dollars. Note thatthe growth rate of GNP Gcrmany, except whers footnotcd; estisates prior tocountry statistical offices. Note that for population per capita is fromn constant price GNP data, that is, 199 M are Bank staff estima nes.data, refugees not peristanently settled in the countrv the GNP has been adjusted to excltide inflation. elue teWold Bans Wrd Devepmentof asylum are generally considered to be part oftheir In addition to the share of agriculture in gross Report. Socitl Indicators oj'Developmett, the Worldcountry of origin. domcstic product (GDP), shares of exports and in- Teables, and the WIorld Debt Tables. lntormation on

Female labor force estimates are from the Inter- vestment are presented to give a broader view of the these artd other publicatio.ts coveting internationalnational Labour Office. economies. Agriculture includes forestry, hunting,

School enrollment and illiteracy data are from and fishing; exports of goods and nonfactor services economic analysis and statistics can be obtained byUNESCO. Net school enrollment presents the ratio represent the value of all goods and nonfactor ser- wridug to: World Bank Publications, 1818 H St.of school-age pupils to the country's school-age vices provided to the rest of the world; investment NW.. Washington, D.C. 2)433. U.S.A..population. Illiteracy estimates and projections for- consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of teales arc in addres eir queries to1990 were prepared by UNESCO in 1989. the economy plus net changes in the level of inven- the Socioeconoms e D t a ddress ther quernes tio

Infant mortality irates are a combination of ob- tories. Economics Department, World Bank, at the addressserved values and interpolated and projected es- Inflation rates are calculated from overall price above.timates. Malnutrition estimates are based on weight chaTnges of all goods and services in an economy.measurements of children, compared with interna-tional standards for each age. The data arc from the The environmentUnited Nations Subcommittee on Nutrition. Measures shown in this section are not intended to

be final indicators of natLral resource wealth, en-The economy vironmental health, orresotirce depletion. They have

Gross national product (GNP) is a broad measure of been chosen becausc they are available for itaiiyan economy's perfornance; itis the valueofthefinal countries, are testable, and reflect some general cort-output of goods and services produced by ani ditions of the environument.economy. GNP, calculated in national currency, is Energy refers to commercial forms of energy.usually converted to U.S. dollarsat official exchange Traditional fulcs. although substantial in somnerates for comparison across economies, although an developing economies, are not taken into accountalternative rate is used when the official exchange because reliable and comprehensive data ar-e notrate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large available. The indicator of output is the U.S. dollarmargin from the rate actually applied in internationial estimate of GDP produced, per- kilogramii of oiltransactions. equivalent.

Data on forests are from the FAO. Definitions offorest area vary among countries, and assessments ofannual changes in forest coverage are difficult tomake. Note that a negative sign in the change in forestcovcrage data indicates a decrease in the fomcstedarea.

Data oni water are based on estimates friom theWorld Resources Institttte. Water use includes non-renewable water frolmj aquifers and desalinizatiotiplants, and can therefore exceed total interrnal renew-able resourl-ces.

33

Notes 'outes les informations iigurant dans l'Atlas permettre des cornparaisons entre economnies, mais Les donn6es concernant les forets proviennent deprovienneit des fichiers de la Banique mondiale et on utilise un antre taux lorsqu'on estime que Ic taux la FAO. La definition des zones boisees vanie selon

techniques s'inspirent de donnces recueillies directement aupres de change officiel s'ecarte trop du taux effectivement les pays, et il est difficile d'evaluer avec precision lescles ser-vices riationaux de statistiques et des antres applique dans les transactions internationales. variations arofuelles cu couvert forestier. Le sigile`-"nistitutioris internationales teiles que les institutions Pour attdnuer les fluctuations des prix et des taux devant la variation du couvert forestier indique unespecialis&es des Nations Unics. de change, la Barique mondialc utilise une mht ode diminution de la superficic boisee.

speciale de conversion. Elle applique un coefficient Les donnees sur in consommation d'eau reposentLa population de conversion qui etablit la moyenne des taux de sur des estimatiois tic l'Institut inondial des ressour-La population ct les autres donn6cs d6mographiques change pour une annee donnrc et les deux ann6cs ces naturelles. I.e volume total d'eau consommecsont des estimations 6tablics par la Banque mondialc pr6ecdentes et l'ajuste en fonction des differences comprend les ressources en eau non renouvelablesa partir de donnres fournies par la Division de la entre les taux d'inflatiotn du pays en question et des provenant des nappes aquifcres ct des stations tIepopulation et le Bureau de statistique du Secretariat Etats-Unis. Ille divise 1'estimation ainsi obtenue par dessalement et peut donc dcpasser le total des res-de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et par les ser- la population en milieu d'anndc pour obtenir Ie PN13 sources interieures renouvelables.vices de statistiques des pays. On notera que pour les par habitant en dollars des Etats-Unis couranits. 1 oestdonnces relatives a la population, les refugies qui ne h noter que le taux de roissancc du PNB par lahitant Autres qucstions liees aux donncessont pas ctabLis a titre permanent dans leur pays estitabli 2partirdu PNB ei prix constants, c'esr-2- Lestauxd'inflationdecroissancedelapopulationetd'asilc sont gcncralement comptcs dans la popula- dire corrig6 de l'inflation. d'augrneniation du PNB par habitant sont des tauxtion dle leur pays d'origine. Outre la par- de l'agriculture dans le produit annuels moyens calcules par application de courbes

Les estimations relatives aux femmes dans la interieur brut (PlB), 'Atlas presentc l part des ex- detendanceauxvalcurslogarithmiqniesdesvariahlespopulation active dmanesit du Bureau international portations e celIc lde l'investiscernent, afin de doniner pour chaque ann6e de la periode considercc.du travail. une visionI plus large des 6economies. L'agriculture I .es donnees relatives i la C(hine ne comprennent

L.es donnues relatives aux taux de scolarisation et recouvre egalement la foresterie, la chasse et la pas Taiwan, Chine. Cette annee. toutes les donneesd'analphabetisme provienient de lUNESCO. Le p&che; Ics exportations de biens et de services non economiquies relativcs a l'Allemagne portelit surtauxnetdescolarisationestlerapportentrelenomilbre facteurs repr6sentent la valeur de ['ensemble des l'Allemagne unifie, sauf exception note oenbas ded'enfanits d'agc scolaire inscrits a l'6colc ct l'effectif biens et des services non facteurs fournis au reste du page; ]es estimations ant6rieurecs 1991 tnt 6t6d'age scolaire, En cc qui concerne l'analphabetisme, monde; l'investissement cornespotid a la somme des ctablies par la Banque mondiale.les estimations et projections pour 1990 ont ete dpensecs coisacrdces a l'acquisition de nouvclles im- Des definitions et des cxplications plis detailloesetablies par I'UNESCO en 1989. mobilisations et des variations nettes du niiveau des surles concepts presentes ici figurent dans le Rapport

Les taux do mortalite infantile resultent de la stocks. sotr le drveloppefnent doons le moride, les Social In-combinaison de valeurs observ6es et d'estimations Les taux d'inflation sont calcules a partir des dicarore of Dei'elopenret (Indicateuis du developpementobtenues par interpolation ct projection. Pour la mal- variations globales des prix de tous les biens et social),les WoridTobles(Tableaux economiquesparpays)nutrition, les estitmations sont fondees surle poids des services d' une econonTie. et les World Debi Tables (Tableaux de la dette interenfants par rapport auix normes internationales pour L nationale) de la Banqioe ron(liale. Les demiinades deleur age. Les donn6es proviennent des Nations Unics L'environnement renseignements sur ces publications et sur les autres(Sous-Comitd de la nutrition). Les tresures pr6sentdcs dans cette sectionl ilC dnivent piublications traitant de I'analyse or .des staritiiqites

pas s'interpreter comme des indications definitives &eonomiquesinternationales sontiadresser pardcritL'6conomie de la dotation et ressources natuoellos, dela sante de : World Bank Publications, 1818 H St. N.W.,Le produit national brut (PNB) est une mesure l'cnvironneiietit ou do l'puisement des ressources. Washington, D.C. 20433, lJ.S.A.d'enseimble de la perfor-manice d'one economie; il Elles ont ete choisies parce qu'elles soot connues l.es lecteurs desireux d'obtenir une version plusrepresente la valcur do la production linale de biens pour beaucoup de pays, elles sont mesurables et elles approfondie des notes technliques soot invites a en-ct de services d'unc economie. Le PNB, calcule en retfltent Iletat general de l'nvirooiemenit. voyer lebors demaudes a: Socio-cconomic Datamoniaie nationale, st gdn6ralemensetconverti en dol- Par energie, on eniend les formes commerciales Division, International Economics Departosent,lars des Etats-Ulis aLIX taux de change ofliciels poUr de I 'nergie. Malgre. leur importance pour certaines World Bank, a l' dressc ci-dessus.

economics en developpement, on n'a pas pris encompte les combustibles traditionnels car on ne dis-pose pas do donn6es fiables el completes a eur sujet.L'indicateor dc Ia production est I'estimation en dol-lars dles Etats-Unis du PIB par kilogramimied'equivalent patrole.

34

NT Toda la informaci6n, derivada de los archivos del considera que el oficial difiere eniul margei excep- Los datos sobre bosques y deforestacionNotas Banco Mundial. se apoya en datos recopilados direc- cionalmente amplio del que en efecto se aplica en las provienen de la PAO. Las definiciones de lo quet ecnicas tamente de las oficinas nacionales de cstadistica v de transaccimees internacionales. constituye zona forestal varfan de unos paises a otros,

otras organizacioncs internacionales, tales comro los A fin de suavizar las fluctuaciones de los precios y las evaluaciones de los carnbios anuales en laorganismos especializados de las Naciones Unidas. y los tipos de cambio. el Banco Mundial utiliza Un cubierta forestal son dificiles. UnI siguio menos enl los

netodo especial de conversOine en el Atlas. En virtud datos relativos a variaciones en la cubierta forestalPoblaci6n de este metodo, se aplica on factor de co versi6n que indica una reducci6n de la superficie arbolada.El Banco Mtndial elabora las estimraciones sobre representa el promedio del tipo de cambio de un ano Los datos sobre el agua se basan en estimacioncspoblacidn y otros datos demograficos a partir dc los determinado y el de los dos anos anteriores, aj astado del Instituto Mecdial sobre Recursos. El consumo dedatos proporcionados por la Dix,isi6n de Poblacion y cn fucci6n de las diferencias en las tasas de inflaci6n agua incluye el agua no renovable de los acufferos y

la Oficina de Estadistica de las Naciones Unidas, asi entre el pals y Estados Unidos. La estimaci6n resul- la prove nienite de las plantas de desalinacion del aguacoIImO pOI las oficinas dc estadistica de los paises. [ante se dividc por el numero de habitantes a del mar, y porlo tanto las cifras pueden exceder alasObscrvese que, para fines de los datos de poblaci6n, rmediados de ado para oblener el PNB per capita en del total de recursos renovables internos.los refeigiados que no se hani establecido permanen- blares corrientes de EE.UU. Observese que la tasatemente ec el pais de asilo son considerados por lo de crecimiento del PNB per capita se derixa de datos Otros aspectos relativos a los datosgeneral comIeO paste de la poblacioa de soi pass de del I'NB a precios constantes. es decir. que el PNB Las tasas dc aumento de la inflaci6n, la poblacion yorigen. ha sido ajustado a rin de excluir el factor inflaci6n. el PNB per capita son las tasas medias de aumento

Las estimaciones de laf'ler7ade trabajo femenina Adcm6s de la proporci6n de la agricultura en el anual calculadas ajustando las lineas de tendencia aprovienendelaOficinaInternacionaldelTrabajo. productointernobruto(PIB),esteaeoseincluyenlos los valores logariftmicos de las variables para cada

Los datos sobrensatric