CONTENTS

PART I PLANT SCIENCES

Combining Ability and Heterosis over Locations for Yield and Yield Components in Hybrid 1Rice (Oryza sativa L)T VIRENDER JEET SINGH CH DAMODAR RAJU Y CHANDRA MOHANR JAGADEESHWAR M BALRAM and L KRISHNA

Effect of Potassium and Foliar Nutrition of Secondary (Mg) and Micronutrient (Zn amp B) on 11Yield Attributes and Yield of Bt -CottonD SWETHA P LAXMINARAYANA G E CH VIDYASAGAR S NARENDER REDDYand HARISH KUMAR SHARMA

Economic Threshold Level (ETL) of Stem Girdler Obereopsis brevis Swedenbord in Soybean 22KANJARLA RAJASHEKAR J SATYANARAYANA T UMAMAHESHWARI andR JAGADEESHWAR

Polymorphic SSR Markers among Oryza sativa cv Swarna and its derived advanced 27backcross lines with wild introgressions from O nivaraNPS DE SILVA B KAVITHA M SURAPANENI AK RAJU VG SHANKARD BALAKRISHNAN S NEELAMRAJU SNCVL PUSHPAVALLI and D SRINIVASA CHARY

Evaluation of BC1F1 plants developed by MAS for BLB resistance in Rice 38BEDUKONDALU V GOURI SHANKAR P REVATHI D SAIDA NAIK andD SRINIVASA CHARY

PART II SOCIAL SCIENCES

Profile of the Farmers Under Mission Kakatiya Programme in Telangana State 44K ARUNA V SUDHA RANI I SREENIVASA RAO GECHVIDYASAGAR andD SRINIVASA CHARY

Integrated Farming System ndash Farmers Perception in Telangana 50S KAVITHA G SAMUEL I SREENIVASA RAO M GOVERDHAN andD SRINIVASA CHARY

PART III RESEARCH NOTES

Status and Prospects of Krishi Vigyan Kendra Activities in Southern India 55N BHUVANA I SREENIVASA RAO BHARAT S SONTAKKI GE CH VIDYASAGAR andD SRINIVASA CHARY

Effect of Plant Geometries on Yield and Quality Components of Quinoa Leaves 62(Chenopodium quinoa) Under Southern TelanganaK ARPITHA REDDY B NEERAJA PRABHAKAR and W JESSIE SUNEETHA

Capsicum (Capsicum annuum var grossum L) Response to Different N and K Fertigation 65Levels on Yield Yield Attributes and Water Productivity Under PolyhouseB GOUTHAMI M UMA DEVI K AVIL KUMAR and V RAMULU

Diversity and Abundance of Insect and Spider Fauna in Sole and Soybean Intercropped Cotton 71KR MAHENDRA G ANITHA C SHANKER and BHARATI BHAT

Effect of Different Levels of Drip Irrigation Regimes and Fertigation on Yield and Yield 75Attributes of Rabi Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L)A SAIRAM K AVIL KUMAR G SURESH and K CHAITANYA

Economics of Organic and Conventional Paddy Farming in Mahbubnagar District of Telangana 79R SUKESH T LAVANYA R VIJAYA KUMARI and D SRINIVASA CHARY

Survey for Fusarium Wilt Incidence of Tomato in Major Crop Growing Areas of Telangana State 83CH S KISHORE KUMAR BHARATHI N BHAT R JAGADEESHWAR CHV DURGA RANIand G ANITHA KUMARI

Correlation and Path analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa l) for Grain yield and its components 88T SOUJANYA V HEMALATHA P REVATHI M SRINIVAS PRASAD and K N YAMINI

Analysis of resistance to yellow mosaic virus in green gram (Vigna radiata (l) wilczek) 93MOHD ABDUS SUBHAN SALMAN CH ANURADHA V SRIDHAR and SNCVL PUSHPAVALLI

1

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS OVER LOCATIONS FOR YIELD ANDYIELD COMPONENTS IN HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L)

T VIRENDER JEET SINGH CH DAMODAR RAJU Y CHANDRA MOHAN R JAGADEESHWARM BALRAM and L KRISHNA

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University Hyderabad-500 030

Research ArticleThe J Res PJTSAU 48 (3amp4) 1-10 2020

A set of 32 newly developed hybrids along with their parents (B and R lines) and standard checks viz RNR 15048 andPA 6444 were evaluated for thirteen grain yield and its contributing traits to estimate heterosis and combining ability effects in ricethrough Line times Tester analysis The mean performance of hybrids for most of the characters was higher than that of parents exceptfor milling percent The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents lines and hybrids for most of thecharacters studied Degree of dominance was less than unity for days to 50 percent flowering plant height panicle length panicleweight 1000 grain weight number of filled grains per panicle and spikelet fertility indicating the existence of partial dominance SCAvariances were higher than GCA variances for most of the characters which indicated the predominance of non-additive geneaction The gca effects revealed that the line JMS 14B and three testers viz RNR 26059 RNR 26072 and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 were found to be good general combiners for yield and majority of the yield contributing traits in desirable direction Ofthe thirty two hybrids JMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were found good specific combiners Eight and five hybrids had positive and significantstandard heterosis over varietal check (RNR 15048) and hybrid check (PA 6444) respectively Based on sca and heterosishybrids JMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR 26072and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were found promising for further exploitation

Date of Receipt 24-07-2020 Date of Acceptance 12-08-2020

ABSTRACT

Rice is one of the foremost cereal crops feedingover more than half of worldrsquos population However tomeet the demand of growing population rice productionneed to be stepped up continuously (Kumar et al2014) It is the only crop in the world that is grown inthe most fragile ecosystem and hence second greenrevolution is possible only if rice research is undertakenvigorously This elucidates reorientation of our researchtowards yield improvement Theoretically rice crop stillhas great yield potential to be tapped and this can beachieved through many approaches includingmolecular breeding new ideotype breeding and hybridrice technology Exploitation of heterosis in rice throughhybrid technology seems to be more effective ascommercial rice hybrids exhibited 38 more yieldsuperiority compared to the best commercial variety(Singh et al 2013)

At present commercial exploitation of heterosisin hybrid rice is being explored in many rice growingcountries In China hybrid rice technology hasrevolutionized the rice farming due to impressive gainsachieved in productivity levels from 35 to 40 q ha-1 in

straight varieties to the tune of 65 to 70 q ha-1 in hybridsAs a result farmers could gain more profits and thearea under straight varieties is being replaced withhybrids (Yuan et al 1989) at a faster rate

The first step in generating promising hybridsis the selection of desirable parents The contributionof parents in a cross and combining ability of parentsin crosses can be assessed by biometrical methodsLine times Tester analysis devised by Kempthorne (1957)is one of the effective mating designs used to estimatecombining ability effects and aids in selection ofdesirable parents and crosses for the exploitation ofheterosis (Sarker et al 2002) The knowledge ofcombining ability is useful to elucidate the nature andmagnitude of gene actions involved and provides tothe breeder an insight into the nature and relativemagnitude of fixable and non-fixable genetic variancesie due to dominance or epistatic components (Pratapet al 2013) Hence in the present investigation anattempt is made to estimate the combining ability andmagnitude of heterosis for grain yield and importantyield attributes in 32 rice hybrids developed by usingnew CMS lines and testers

emaildrycmohangmailcom

Economics of Organic and Conventional Paddy Farming in Mahbubnagar District of Telangana 79R SUKESH T LAVANYA R VIJAYA KUMARI and D SRINIVASA CHARY

Survey for Fusarium Wilt Incidence of Tomato in Major Crop Growing Areas of Telangana State 83CH S KISHORE KUMAR BHARATHI N BHAT R JAGADEESHWAR CHV DURGA RANIand G ANITHA KUMARI

Correlation and Path analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa l) for Grain yield and its components 88T SOUJANYA V HEMALATHA P REVATHI M SRINIVAS PRASAD and K N YAMINI

Analysis of resistance to yellow mosaic virus in green gram (Vigna radiata (l) wilczek) 93MOHD ABDUS SUBHAN SALMAN CH ANURADHA V SRIDHAR and SNCVL PUSHPAVALLI

1

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS OVER LOCATIONS FOR YIELD ANDYIELD COMPONENTS IN HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L)

T VIRENDER JEET SINGH CH DAMODAR RAJU Y CHANDRA MOHAN R JAGADEESHWARM BALRAM and L KRISHNA

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University Hyderabad-500 030

Research ArticleThe J Res PJTSAU 48 (3amp4) 1-10 2020

A set of 32 newly developed hybrids along with their parents (B and R lines) and standard checks viz RNR 15048 andPA 6444 were evaluated for thirteen grain yield and its contributing traits to estimate heterosis and combining ability effects in ricethrough Line times Tester analysis The mean performance of hybrids for most of the characters was higher than that of parents exceptfor milling percent The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents lines and hybrids for most of thecharacters studied Degree of dominance was less than unity for days to 50 percent flowering plant height panicle length panicleweight 1000 grain weight number of filled grains per panicle and spikelet fertility indicating the existence of partial dominance SCAvariances were higher than GCA variances for most of the characters which indicated the predominance of non-additive geneaction The gca effects revealed that the line JMS 14B and three testers viz RNR 26059 RNR 26072 and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 were found to be good general combiners for yield and majority of the yield contributing traits in desirable direction Ofthe thirty two hybrids JMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were found good specific combiners Eight and five hybrids had positive and significantstandard heterosis over varietal check (RNR 15048) and hybrid check (PA 6444) respectively Based on sca and heterosishybrids JMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR 26072and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were found promising for further exploitation

Date of Receipt 24-07-2020 Date of Acceptance 12-08-2020

ABSTRACT

Rice is one of the foremost cereal crops feedingover more than half of worldrsquos population However tomeet the demand of growing population rice productionneed to be stepped up continuously (Kumar et al2014) It is the only crop in the world that is grown inthe most fragile ecosystem and hence second greenrevolution is possible only if rice research is undertakenvigorously This elucidates reorientation of our researchtowards yield improvement Theoretically rice crop stillhas great yield potential to be tapped and this can beachieved through many approaches includingmolecular breeding new ideotype breeding and hybridrice technology Exploitation of heterosis in rice throughhybrid technology seems to be more effective ascommercial rice hybrids exhibited 38 more yieldsuperiority compared to the best commercial variety(Singh et al 2013)

At present commercial exploitation of heterosisin hybrid rice is being explored in many rice growingcountries In China hybrid rice technology hasrevolutionized the rice farming due to impressive gainsachieved in productivity levels from 35 to 40 q ha-1 in

straight varieties to the tune of 65 to 70 q ha-1 in hybridsAs a result farmers could gain more profits and thearea under straight varieties is being replaced withhybrids (Yuan et al 1989) at a faster rate

The first step in generating promising hybridsis the selection of desirable parents The contributionof parents in a cross and combining ability of parentsin crosses can be assessed by biometrical methodsLine times Tester analysis devised by Kempthorne (1957)is one of the effective mating designs used to estimatecombining ability effects and aids in selection ofdesirable parents and crosses for the exploitation ofheterosis (Sarker et al 2002) The knowledge ofcombining ability is useful to elucidate the nature andmagnitude of gene actions involved and provides tothe breeder an insight into the nature and relativemagnitude of fixable and non-fixable genetic variancesie due to dominance or epistatic components (Pratapet al 2013) Hence in the present investigation anattempt is made to estimate the combining ability andmagnitude of heterosis for grain yield and importantyield attributes in 32 rice hybrids developed by usingnew CMS lines and testers

emaildrycmohangmailcom

1

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS OVER LOCATIONS FOR YIELD ANDYIELD COMPONENTS IN HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L)

T VIRENDER JEET SINGH CH DAMODAR RAJU Y CHANDRA MOHAN R JAGADEESHWARM BALRAM and L KRISHNA

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University Hyderabad-500 030

Research ArticleThe J Res PJTSAU 48 (3amp4) 1-10 2020

A set of 32 newly developed hybrids along with their parents (B and R lines) and standard checks viz RNR 15048 andPA 6444 were evaluated for thirteen grain yield and its contributing traits to estimate heterosis and combining ability effects in ricethrough Line times Tester analysis The mean performance of hybrids for most of the characters was higher than that of parents exceptfor milling percent The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents lines and hybrids for most of thecharacters studied Degree of dominance was less than unity for days to 50 percent flowering plant height panicle length panicleweight 1000 grain weight number of filled grains per panicle and spikelet fertility indicating the existence of partial dominance SCAvariances were higher than GCA variances for most of the characters which indicated the predominance of non-additive geneaction The gca effects revealed that the line JMS 14B and three testers viz RNR 26059 RNR 26072 and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 were found to be good general combiners for yield and majority of the yield contributing traits in desirable direction Ofthe thirty two hybrids JMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were found good specific combiners Eight and five hybrids had positive and significantstandard heterosis over varietal check (RNR 15048) and hybrid check (PA 6444) respectively Based on sca and heterosishybrids JMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR 26072and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were found promising for further exploitation

Date of Receipt 24-07-2020 Date of Acceptance 12-08-2020

ABSTRACT

Rice is one of the foremost cereal crops feedingover more than half of worldrsquos population However tomeet the demand of growing population rice productionneed to be stepped up continuously (Kumar et al2014) It is the only crop in the world that is grown inthe most fragile ecosystem and hence second greenrevolution is possible only if rice research is undertakenvigorously This elucidates reorientation of our researchtowards yield improvement Theoretically rice crop stillhas great yield potential to be tapped and this can beachieved through many approaches includingmolecular breeding new ideotype breeding and hybridrice technology Exploitation of heterosis in rice throughhybrid technology seems to be more effective ascommercial rice hybrids exhibited 38 more yieldsuperiority compared to the best commercial variety(Singh et al 2013)

At present commercial exploitation of heterosisin hybrid rice is being explored in many rice growingcountries In China hybrid rice technology hasrevolutionized the rice farming due to impressive gainsachieved in productivity levels from 35 to 40 q ha-1 in

straight varieties to the tune of 65 to 70 q ha-1 in hybridsAs a result farmers could gain more profits and thearea under straight varieties is being replaced withhybrids (Yuan et al 1989) at a faster rate

The first step in generating promising hybridsis the selection of desirable parents The contributionof parents in a cross and combining ability of parentsin crosses can be assessed by biometrical methodsLine times Tester analysis devised by Kempthorne (1957)is one of the effective mating designs used to estimatecombining ability effects and aids in selection ofdesirable parents and crosses for the exploitation ofheterosis (Sarker et al 2002) The knowledge ofcombining ability is useful to elucidate the nature andmagnitude of gene actions involved and provides tothe breeder an insight into the nature and relativemagnitude of fixable and non-fixable genetic variancesie due to dominance or epistatic components (Pratapet al 2013) Hence in the present investigation anattempt is made to estimate the combining ability andmagnitude of heterosis for grain yield and importantyield attributes in 32 rice hybrids developed by usingnew CMS lines and testers

emaildrycmohangmailcom

2

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Four stable Wild Abortive cytoplasm basedCMS lines (Table 1) and eight restorer lines were utilizedin the present study and crosses were effectedbetween these CMS lines and restorers in Line x Testermating design during rabi 2018-19 and obtained 32hybrids During kharif 2019 a total of 32 hybrids alongwith 8 testers and 4 lsquoBrsquo lines of corresponding malesterile lines and 2 checks were evaluated in a singlerow of 3 m length with 2 replications in RBD byadopting a spacing of 20 times 15 cm at three diverselocations (representing three agroclimatic zones) vizRegional Sugarcane amp Rice Research Station Rudrur(Northern Telangana Zone) Regional AgriculturalResearch Station Warangal (Central Telangana Zone)and Rice Research Centre Agriculture ResearchInstitute Rajendranagar Hyderabad (SouthernTelangana Zone) Recommended agronomic practiceswere followed to raise a healthy crop

Observations were recorded on 5 randomlyselected plants for different traits viz plant height (cm)number of productive tillers per plant panicle length(cm) panicle weight (g) spikelet fertility () and grainyield per plant (g) However for days to 50 floweringthe data were recorded on whole plot basis whereasdata on number of grains per panicle 1000 grainweight (g) hulling percent milling percent and headrice recovery () were recorded on a random sample

Table 1 Details of rice parental material used in the study

S No Genotype Source

Lines1 RNR 26059 RRC ARI Hyderabad2 RNR 26072 RRC ARI Hyderabad3 RNR 26074 RRC ARI Hyderabad4 RNR 26083 RRC ARI Hyderabad5 RNR 26084 RRC ARI Hyderabad6 Pusa 1701-10-5-8 IIRR Hyderabad7 PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 IIRR Hyderabad8 RP 5898-54-21-9-4-2-2 IIRR Hyderabad

Testers1 CMS 23B IRRI Philippines2 CMS 64B IRRI Philippines3 JMS 14B RARS Jagital4 JMS 20B RARS Jagital

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

taken in each plot Per day productivity was calculatedby dividing grain yield in hectare with days to maturityThe character means of each replication over locationswas subjected to analysis of variance (Panse andSukhatme 1967) combining ability analysis(Kempthorne 1957) and heterobeltiosis and standardheterosis (Fonseca and Patterson 1968) Computersoftware Windostat version 91 was used for analysisof the data

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The pooled analysis of variance over locationsrevealed significant differences among locationsgenotypes parents and crosses for all the charactersstudied (Table 2) The variance due to hybrid waspartitioned into variance due to lines testers and linestimes testers for all the characters Variance due to lineswas significant for days to 50 flowering and spikeletfertility while variance due to testers was significant

for panicle length and panicle weight and both weresignificant for plant height 1000 grain weight andnumber of grains per panicle The variance due to linestimes testers was significant for all the characters Similarfindings were reported by Saidaiah et al (2010) andParimala (2016) Parents times hybrids showed significantvariance for all the characters except number of filledgrains per panicle and milling percent indicating sufficientvariability in the material and good scope for identifying

3

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

promising parents and hybrid combinations forimproving yield through its components

In the present investigation the degree ofdominance was more than unity for number of productivetillers (187) hulling percent (225) milling percent (215)head rice recovery (228) grain yield per plant (126)and per day productivity (139) suggesting thepreponderance of dominance in controlling these traitsand less than one for other characters (Table 3) SCAvariances were higher than GCA variances for mostof the characters which indicated the predominanceof non-additive gene action The traits viz number ofproductive tillers per plant (029) hulling percent (020)milling percent (021) head rice recovery (019) grainyield per plant (064) and per day productivity (052)had non-additive gene action while days to 50 percent flowering (116) plant height (344) panicle length(131) panicle weight (131) 1000 grain weight (179)number of grains per panicle (187) and spikelet fertility(127) exhibited additive gene action The importanceof additive as well as non-additive gene effects withpredominance of non-additive gene effects in inheritanceof grain yield and yield components of rice were earlierreported by Saleem et al (2010) Saidaiah et al (2010)Rashid et al (2007) Saravanan et al (2006) andVanaja et al (2003)

Among the parents the line JMS 14A (354)and three testers viz RNR 26059 (402) RNR 26072(197) and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (094) hadpositive and significant gca effects for grain yield perplant JMS 14A had significant gca effects in desireddirection for yield contributing traits like number ofproductive tillers per plant panicle length panicleweight number of grains per panicle spikelet fertilityand per day productivity (Table 4) Among the testersRNR 26059 exhibited significant positive gca effectsfor the traits viz grain yield plant height floweringpanicle length panicle weight 1000 grain weightnumber of filled grains spikelet fertility and per dayproductivity Whereas RNR 26072 was observed tobe a good general combiner for the traits viz grainyield per plant days to 50 per cent flowering paniclelength hulling percent milling percent head rice recoveryand per day productivity PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 was a good general combiner for the traits vizgrain yield per plant number of productive tillers perplant panicle weight 1000 grain weight number ofgrains per panicle head rice recovery It was observedin certain instances that the lines and testers with good

per se performance have not been good generalcombiners and vice versa but the in the present studyassociation between per se performance and GCAeffects was evident indicating the effectiveness ofchoice of parents based on per se performance alonewas not appropriate to predict the combining ability ofthe parents

Of the thirty two hybrids nine hybrids hadshown positive and significant sca effects for grain yieldper plant and of these highest effect was exhibited inthe cross JMS 14A times RNR 26083 (936) followed byCMS 23A times RNR 26072 (706) and CMS 64A times PAU2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (663) (Table 5) Six hybridsexhibited significant and negative sca effects for daysto flowering and CMS 64A times RNR 26072 (-1440) hadhighest effect followed by JMS 14A times RNR 26074 (-1046) and CMS 23A times RNR 26083 (-1021) and wereconsidered to be highly desirable for earliness

Ten hybrids viz CMS 23A times RNR 26072(984) CMS 23A times RNR 26083 (154) CMS 64A timesRNR 26059 (266) CMS 64A times RNR 26074 (175)CMS 64A times RNR 26084 (184) CMS 64A times PAU2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (553) JMS 14A times RNR26084 (403) JMS 14A times Pusa 1701-10-5-8 (396)JMS 20A times RNR 26072 (480) JMS 20A times RNR26084 (332) had significant positive sca effects forspikelet fertility ()

For 1000 grain weight eight hybrids hadpositive and significant effects and of these CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 (304) exhibited highest effect followedby JMS 20A times RNR 26072 (223) and were consideredas bold One line JMS 20A (-167) and three testersie Pusa 1701-10-5-8 (-287) RP 5898-54-21-9-4-2-2 (-280) and JMS 20A times RNR 26072 (-081) and fivehybrids viz CMS 64A times RNR 26072 (-526) CMS23A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (-188) JMS 20Atimes RNR 26059 (-076) CMS 23A times RNR 26083(-104) and JMS 20A times RNR 26084 (-118)possessed fine grain and recorded significant negativegca and sca effects respectively for 1000 grain weight

The cross combinations viz JMS 14A times RNR26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 CMS 64A times PAU2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR 26072and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were found to be goodspecific combiners for grain yield and yield attributingtraits

Heterosis studies showed that theheterobeltiosis over better parent ranged from -1849

4

Tabl

e 2

Poo

led

anal

ysis

of v

aria

nce

for c

ombi

ning

abi

lity

for y

ield

and

yie

ld c

ompo

nent

s in

rice

ove

r loc

atio

ns

Sig

nific

ant a

t P=0

05

leve

l

S

igni

fican

t at P

=00

1 le

vel

X 1 =

Day

s to

50

flow

erin

gX 2

= P

lant

hei

ght (

cm)

X

3 =

No

of p

rodu

ctive

tille

rs

X 4 =

Pan

icle

leng

th (c

m)

X 5 =

Pan

icle

weig

ht (g

)X 6

= 1

000

grai

n we

ight

(g)

X 7 =

No

of g

rain

s pe

r pan

icle

X 8

= S

pike

let f

ertili

ty (

)X 9

= H

ullin

g pe

rcen

tX 1

0 =

Milli

ng p

erce

nt

X 11

= He

ad ri

ce re

cove

ry

X 12

= G

rain

yie

ld p

er p

lant

(g)

X 13

= Pe

r day

Pro

duct

ivity

D

F =

degr

ees o

f fre

edom

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Sour

ce o

fD

F X

1

X 2X

3

X4

X 5

X 6

X

7 X

8

X9

X 1

0

X 11

X12

X13

varia

tion

Repl

icatio

ns1

733

132

30

823

340

050

8527

003

961

1

202

374

730

120

696

Envir

onm

ents

220

927

21

836

7

07

299

2

217

6

46

1266

47

13

55

14

537

12

033

72

78

23

93

71

433

Tr

eatm

ents

4356

605

13

824

5

104

7

355

2

530

54

39

13

314

55

164

02

804

1

833

1

111

46

108

17

839

43

Pare

nts

1148

113

22

926

5

373

48

82

7

00

877

1

1480

313

19

80

34

01

51

13

13

110

18

79

21

144

Lin

es3

1203

47

1166

65

10

98

905

416

103

15

2902

351

82

544

65

53

640

932

39

292

6711

626

8Te

sters

758

048

3275

29

8

7464

42

12

53

86

74

30

089

77

963

368

63

783

210

488

142

2313

106

7Li

ne times

Tes

ter

126

021

22

103

11

37

10

06

2

16

183

6

5322

98

12

316

11

115

10

846

11

722

11

594

80

535

Pa

rent

s times1

5909

43

31

576

5

763

83

011

7

553

71

52

20

981

1098

14

72

48

1

5557

94

13

635

41

946

3

hybr

idsHy

brids

3142

381

10

022

2

107

4

222

4

469

42

01

13

209

08

185

07

971

4

973

6

106

22

138

98

954

03

Error

435

817

300

560

870

100

7610

689

240

211

135

141

348

410

7

5

σ 2 variances gca general combining ability sca specific combining ability

Table 3 Estimates of general and specific combining ability variances and degree of dominance fordifferent traits in rice

Character Source of variation Degree ofDominance

( σ 2 sca σ 2 gca)12σ 2 gca σ 2 sca σ 2 gca

σ 2 sca

Days to 50 flowering 4920 4231 116 093

Plant height (cm) 12302 3572 344 054

Number of productive tillers per plant 052 181 029 187

Panicle length (cm) 199 152 131 087

Panicle weight (g) 046 035 131 087

1000 grain weight (g) 523 293 179 075

Number of grains per panicle 103003 87003 187 072

Spikelet fertility () 2547 2013 127 089

Hulling percent 359 1811 020 225

Milling percent 387 1781 022 215

Head Rice Recovery () 372 1926 019 228

Grain yield per plant (g) 1187 1868 064 126

Per day productivity (kg ha-1 day-1) 6644 12744 052 139

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

to 4565 for grain yield (Table 6) and eight hybridsshowed significant positive heterosis Highest significantpositive heterobeltiosis was exhibited in the hybrid JMS14A times RNR 26083 (4545) followed by CMS 64A timesPAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (2880) and CMS23A times RNR 26072 (2769) JMS 14A times RNR 26059(2747) and JMS 14A times RNR 26084 (2726)

Eight hybrids had positive and significantstandard heterosis over check variety (RNR 15048)and the cross JMS 14A times RNR 26083 had shownhighest heterosis of 4914 followed by JMS 14A timesRNR 26059 (3053) and JMS 14A times RNR 26084(3031) Five hybrids exhibited positive and significantstandard heterosis over the hybrid PA 6444 and ofthese highest heterosis was shown by the cross JMS14A times RNR 26083 (3158) followed by JMS 14A timesRNR 26059 (1516) and CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (1356) Among these JMS 14Atimes RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059 CMS 64A timesPAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were identifiedas potential hybrids with respect to all the characters

based on their perse performance and heterosisestimates Marked variation in the expression ofheterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for yield and yieldcomponents was observed among all the crosscombinations These finding are consistent with thoseof Saravanan et al (2008) Saidaiah et al (2010)Kumar et al (2012) Singh et al (2013) Sharma et al(2013) Pratap et al (2013) Bhati et al (2015)Satheesh kumar et al (2016) Yogita et al (2016) andGalal Bakr Anis et al (2017)

CONCLUSION

Results of the present investigation showedthat none of the hybrids had expressed superiorperformance for all the characters The gca effectsrevealed that among the lines JMS 14A and amongthe testers RNR 26059 RNR 26072 and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 had significant gca effects in thedesired direction for several traits including grain yieldHence these lines and testers could be considered aspotential donors in improving grain yield per plant andassociated components in development of hybrids in

6

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et alTa

ble

4 E

stim

ates

of g

ener

al c

ombi

ning

abi

lity

effe

cts

of li

nes

and

test

ers

for y

ield

and

yie

ld c

ontr

ibut

ing

char

acte

rs in

rice

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

Pare

nts

Day

s to

Plan

tNu

mbe

r of

Pani

cle

Pani

cle

1000

Num

ber o

fSp

ikel

etHu

lling

Mill

ing

Head

Gra

inPe

r da

y50

he

ight

prod

uctiv

ele

ngth

wei

ght

grai

ngr

ains

per

ferti

lity

perc

ent

perc

ent

rice

yiel

d p

rodu

ctiv

ityflo

wer

ing

(cm

)til

lers

per

(cm

)(g

)w

eigh

tpa

nicl

e

reco

very

per p

lant

(kg

ha-1 d

ay-1)

plan

t(g

)

(g)

LINE

S

CM

S 23

A-4

41

-6

08

-0

04

-03

6

-03

0

189

-2

400

-5

93

-0

29

-01

00

09-1

95

-3

63

CM

S 64

A5

35

084

-0

64

0

260

03-0

03

-21

30

221

70

164

1

08

-02

2-2

55

JMS

14A

317

5

89

021

0

47

039

-0

18

341

8

297

-0

94

-0

97

-0

30

354

7

20

JMS

20A

-41

2

-06

50

47

-03

7

-01

2

-16

7

-80

4

274

-0

47

-0

57

-0

86

-1

37

-1

01

SE

+0

360

370

110

140

030

131

420

220

230

180

190

280

92

TEST

ERS

RN

R 2

6059

-11

4

104

1

-00

51

45

136

1

71

300

8

388

-0

49

-07

6

-03

34

02

116

0

RN

R 2

6072

-52

6

-31

2

017

149

-0

58

-0

81

-3

010

-0

03

186

1

38

176

1

97

901

RN

R 2

6074

-05

12

75

056

0

77

-04

0

058

-1

348

-2

74

-1

21

-0

98

-0

88

0

040

72

RN

R 2

6083

898

16

52

-0

87

1

35

033

1

19

570

-0

12

093

1

28

169

-0

06

-49

3

RN

R 2

6084

-30

5

533

-0

26

011

-01

8

089

-2

344

1

01

049

058

0

23-0

77

-00

07

Pusa

170

-47

2

-21

85

-05

1

-29

9

-10

0

-27

2

-35

00

-03

00

97

092

0

34-3

76

-7

82

1-

10-5

-8

PAU

2K1

0-23

-0

48-5

06

1

04

-05

1

031

1

95

530

-2

04

0

89

138

1

72

094

0

3745

1-2-

37-3

4-0-

3

RP

5898

-54-

523

-4

98

-0

07

-16

7

015

-2

80

00

34

0

36-3

45

-3

82

-4

53

-2

38

-8

95

21

-9-4

-2-2

SE

+0

510

530

150

200

050

182

010

310

320

260

260

401

30

7

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

Tabl

e 5 S

peci

fic c

ombi

ning

abi

lity e

ffect

s fo

r yie

ld c

ontri

butin

g tra

its fo

r the

cro

sses

pos

sess

ing

sign

ifica

nt ef

fect

s fo

r gra

in yi

eld

per p

lant

in ri

ce

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

CMS

23A

times R

NR

2607

853

-1

07

143

0

301

04

304

23

25

9

84

115

-00

21

05

706

15

17

CM

S 23

A times

RP

5898

--2

96

7

97

-06

30

39-1

12

0

44-2

812

-1

62

447

3

68

518

1

66

331

54-2

1-9-

4-2-

2CM

S 64

A times

RNR

2605

92

47

006

-02

50

40-0

03

122

-9

66

2

66

095

-02

4-1

62

3

23

731

CM

S 64

A times

RNR

2607

45

84

114

-09

4

005

-00

31

80

-58

21

75

191

1

10

137

2

47

188

CMS

64A

times PA

U 2

K10-

084

-07

292

0

080

151

55

-18

03

553

1

131

89

277

6

63

176

1

23-4

51-2

-37-

34-0

-3JM

S 14

A times

RNR

2608

37

87

787

1

24

-05

20

58

172

42

10

0

802

23

228

3

02

936

17

57

JM

S 14

A times

RNR

2608

4-5

75

0

98-1

44

-0

09

-02

1

052

-48

44

03

147

1

31

280

5

01

189

1

JMS

20A

times RN

R 26

074

532

8

88

-13

6

095

0

33

-04

6-1

124

-2

37

5

29

423

4

30

243

3

08JM

S 20

A times

RP

5898

--0

08

046

014

-02

60

89

-04

824

25

0

96-1

225

-1

183

-1

150

3

21

921

54

-21-

9-4-

2-2

SE

+1

031

060

300

400

090

364

030

630

650

520

520

802

61

Hyb

rids

Day

s to

Plan

tNu

mbe

rPa

nicl

ePa

nicl

e10

00Nu

mbe

rSp

ikel

etHu

lling

Mill

ing

Head

ric

eG

rain

Per

day

50

heig

htof

pro

du-

leng

thw

eigh

tgr

ain

of fi

lled

fert

ility

perc

ent

perc

ent

reco

very

yie

ld p

erpr

oduc

-flo

wer

ing

(cm

)ct

ive

(cm

)(g

) pl

ant

wei

ght

grai

ns p

er(

)

pla

nt (g

)tiv

ity (

kg

tille

rs p

er(g

) p

anic

leha

day

)

8

Tabl

e 6

Sta

ndar

d he

tero

sis

over

hyb

rid (S

HH) a

nd v

arie

ty (S

HV) f

or yi

eld

cont

ribut

ing

traits

for t

he c

ross

es w

ith s

igni

fican

t het

erot

ic e

ffect

s fo

rgr

ain

yiel

d pe

r pla

nt in

rice

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

1

Cro

ssD

ays

to 5

0Pl

ant

heig

htNu

mbe

r of p

rodu

c-Pa

nicl

e le

ngth

Pani

cle

wei

ght

1000

gra

inNu

mbe

r of f

illed

flow

erin

g(c

m)

tive

tille

rs p

er p

lant

(cm

)(g

)w

eigh

t (g)

grai

ns p

er p

anic

le

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

CMS

23A

times RN

R 2

6059

-20

24

-11

64

836

14

79

-03

1-1

148

21

32

24

51

-2

70

-10

61

1174

40

-5

63

-42

78

CMS

23A

times RN

R 2

6072

-16

44

-74

2

-78

4

-23

711

94

-0

61

158

5

188

9

-18

71

-17

34

257

769

2-

385

1

-62

71

CMS

64A

times RN

R 2

6059

-92

8

051

113

8

179

9-1

147

-2

139

18

63

21

75

3

655

40

-27

767

70

-7

53

-4

393

CMS

64A

times RN

R 2

6074

-56

3

455

3

50

964

-12

09

-21

94

144

8

174

8

-28

99

-27

79

-51

763

56

-30

06

-5

759

CMS

64A

times PA

U 2K

10-2

3-9

28

0

51-3

07

268

283

9

140

0

943

12

30

-1

239

-1

092

-0

26

720

3-

270

2

-55

75

-451

-2-3

7-34

-0-3

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6059

-85

2

135

129

7

196

7-2

73

-13

63

196

0

227

4

173

3

193

1

-11

63

524

2

-09

9-3

996

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6083

289

14

00

28

25

35

86

295

-85

915

32

18

35

2

554

27-3

55

663

6

172

0

-28

93

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6084

-20

55

-11

97

121

7

188

2-1

643

-2

580

12

05

15

00

-2

166

-2

034

-1

010

55

05

-17

58

-5

002

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

1 S

HH =

Sta

ndar

d He

tero

sis o

ver h

ybrid

(PA

6444

) SH

V =

Stan

dard

Het

eros

is ov

er va

riety

(RNR

150

48)

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

Cro

ssSp

ikel

et f

ertil

ityHu

lling

per

cent

Mill

ing

perc

ent

Head

ric

eG

rain

yie

ld p

erPe

r da

y Pr

oduc

tivity

()

reco

very

(

)pl

ant

(g)

(kg

had

ay)

CM

S 23

A times

RN

R 2

6059

-86

2

-86

3

-04

3-3

97

-6

08

-6

50

-3

07

-8

43

-3

15

978

12

96

17

24

CM

S 23

A times

RN

R 2

6072

007

005

346

-0

21

-56

3

-60

5

000

-55

3

126

8

277

2

274

3

322

7

CM

S 64

A times

RN

R 2

6059

324

3

22

272

-0

92

-64

8

-68

9

-57

8

-10

99

125

0

275

1

217

6

263

8

CM

S 64

A times

RN

R 2

6074

-50

3

-50

4

303

-0

63

-49

5

-53

8

-20

4-7

45

-3

08

986

-0

29

349

CM

S 64

A times

PAU

2K

-01

2-0

13

476

1

04-0

68

-11

24

07

-16

813

56

28

72

20

51

25

08

10

-23-

451-

2-37

-34-

0-3

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

593

29

328

-3

03

-64

7

-11

46

-11

86

-56

0

-10

82

151

6

305

3

212

4

258

3

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

83-0

19

-02

02

81

-08

4-3

83

-4

26

2

29

-33

7

315

8

491

4

264

7

312

7

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

844

61

459

1

25-2

34

-60

8

-65

0

-02

5-5

77

14

97

30

31

34

93

40

05

9

Table 7 Top ranking hybrids based on mean heterosis and sca effects

S No Hybrids Grain Heterosis Heterosis scayield plant-1 over over effect

(g) varietal hybridcheck () check ()

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

1 JMS 14A times RNR 26083 4002 4914 3158 936 2 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 3497 3013 1497 501 3 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451- 3454 2872 1356 566

2-37-34-0-34 CMS 23A times RNR 26072 3428 2772 1268 706 5 CMS 64A times RNR 26059 3422 2751 1220 323

future breeding programmes Finally among 32 hybridsJMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 (Table 7)were identified as promising hybrids based on per segrain yield per plant heterosis and specific combiningability which would be further tested in multilocationtrialsREFERENCES

Bhati PK Singh SK Singh R Sharma A andDhurai SY 2015 Estimation of heterosis foryield and yield related traits in rice (Oryza sativaL) SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics47 (4) 467-474

Fonseca S and Patterson FL 1968 Hybrid vigor in aseven-parent diallel cross in common winterwheat (Triticum aestivum L) Crop Science 885

Galal Bakr Anis Ahmed Ibrahem El-Sherif HythamFreeg and Elsaed Farok Arafat 2017Evaluation of some hybrid combinations forexploitation of two-line system heterotic in rice(Oryza sativa L)International Journal of BioScience Agriculture and Technology 8(1) 1-8

Kempthorne O 1957 An introduction genetic statisticJohn Wiley and Sons New York

Kumar Chetan MR Devaraju and Prasad SR2012 Characterization of rice hybrids and theirparental lines based on morphological traitsOryza 49 (4) 302-304

Kumar S Dwivedi SK Singh SS Jha SKLekshmy S Elanchezhian R Singh ON and

Bhatt BP 2014 Identification of drought tolerantrice genotypes by analyzing drought toleranceindices and morpho-physiological traitsSABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics46 (2) 217-230

Panse VG and Sukhatne PV 1967 StatisticalMethods for Agricultural Workers 2nd EditionIndian Council of Agricultural Research NewDelhi

Parimala C 2016 Combining abiliy and heterosis inrice (Oryza sativa L)rdquo PhD Thesis ProfessorJayashankar Telangana State AgriculturalUniversity Hyderabad India

Pratap N Raj Shekhar P K Singh and S K Soni2013 Combining ability gene action andheterosis using CMS lines in hybrid Rice (Oryzasativa L) The Bioscan 8(4) 1521-1528

Rashid M Cheema A A and Ashraf M 2007 Linetimes Tester analysis in Basmati Rice PakistanJournal of Botany 36(6) 2035-2042

Saidaiah P Sudheer Kumar S and Ramesha M S2010 Combining ability studies for developmentof new hybrids in rice over environments Journalof Agricultural Science 2(2) 225-233

Saleem M Y Mirza J I and Haq M A 2010Combining ability analysis for yield and relatedtraits in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) PakistanJournal of Botany 42(1) 627-637

Saravanan K Ramya B Satheesh Kumar Pand Sabesan T 2006 Combining ability foryield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L)Oryza 43(4) 274-277

10

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Saravanan KT Sabesan and Kumar ST 2008Heterosis for yield and yield components in rice(Oryza sativa L) Advances in Plant Science21(1) 119-121

Sarker U Biswas PS Prasad Band KhalequeMMA 2002 Heterosis and genetic analysis inrice hybrid Pakistan Journal of BiologicalScience 5(1) 1-5

Satheesh Kumar P Saravanan K and Sabesan T2016 Selection of superior genotypes in rice(Oryza sativa L) through combining abilityanalysis International Journal of AgriculturalSciences 12(1) 15-21

Sharma SK Singh SK Nandan R Amita SharmaRavinder Kumar Kumar V and Singh MK2013 Estimation of heterosis and inbreedingdepression for yield and yield related traits inrice (Oryza sativa L) Molecular Plant Breeding29(4) 238-246

Singh SK Vikash Sahu Amita Sharma andPradeep Bhati Kumar 2013 Heterosis for yieldand yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L)Bioinfolet 10(2B) 752-761

Vanaja T Babu L C Radhakrishnan V V andPushkaran K 2003 Combining ability for yieldand yield components in rice varieties of diverseorigin Journal of Tropical Agriculture41(12) 7-15

Yogita Shrivas Parmeshwar Sahu Deepak Sharmaand Nidhi Kujur 2016 Heterosis and combiningability analysis for grain yield and its componenttraits for the development of red rice (OryzaSativa L) hybrids The Ecoscan Special issueVol IX 475-485

Yuan LP Virmani SS and Mao CX 1989 Hybridrice - achievements and future outlook InProgress in irrigated rice research IRRI ManilaPhilippines 219-235

11

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM AND FOLIAR NUTRITION OF SECONDARY (Mg) ANDMICRONUTRIENTS (Zn amp B) ON YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF Bt - COTTON

D SWETHA P LAXMINARAYANA G E CH VIDYASAGAR S NARENDER REDDYand HARISH KUMAR SHARMA

Department of Agronomy College of AgricultureProfessor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University Rajendranagar Hyderabad-500 030

Date of Receipt 13-07-2020 Date of Acceptance 28-08-2020

Research ArticleThe J Res PJTSAU 48 (3amp4) 11-21 2020

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 in split plot design to access the performance ofBt- cotton hybrid (MRC 7201 BGII) at Hyderabad with potassium fertilization (K 0 K 60 and K 90 kg ha-1) as main treatmentsand secondary (Magnesium) and micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) as sub plot treatments Among the potassium levels during boththe years 2015 and 2016 K 90 kg ha-1 recorded significantly more number of bolls plant-1 (344 364) boll weight (24 25 g)seed cotton yield (1941 2591 kg ha-1) stalk yield (1967 2755 kg ha-1) and harvest index (581 474 ) respectively in comparisonto K 0 and K 60 Among the secondary (Magnesium) and micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) during 2015 and 2016 treatmentMg1Zn05B01 showed more number of bolls plant-1 (330 362) boll weight (243 280 g) seed cotton yield (1512 2324 kg ha-1)stalk yield (1622 2708 kg ha-1) and harvest index (525 441 ) when compared with all other treatments

ABSTRACT

emailswethadasari21gmailcom

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) is the mostimportant commercial crop of India cultivated in an areaof 12584 lakh hectare with a productivity of 486 kg lintha-1 which is below the world average of 764 kg ha-1

and in Telangana state the cotton crop is grown in anarea of 1761 lakh ha with the productivity of 486 kgha-1 (Annual report CICR 2019) Changes in the soilfertility caused by the imbalanced use of fertilizers andcontinuous use of high analysis fertilizers withoutorganic manures lead to problems like declining organicmatter and mining of nutrients especially those whichare not applied in sufficient quantities This has lead toan era of multi nutrient deficiencies and widespreaddeficiencies of at least six elements viz nitrogenphosphorus potassium sulphur zinc and boronAmong major nutrients potassium has an importantrole in the translocation of photosynthates from sourceto sink Physiologically K is an essential macronutrientfor plant growth and development While K is not acomponent of any singular plant part K affects manyfundamental physiological processes such as cell pHstabilization regulating plant metabolism by acting asa negative charge neutralizer maintaining cell turgorby acting as an osmiticum activating enzymes andregulating the opening and closing of stomataPotassium is required in large amounts by cotton fornormal crop growth and fiber development Cotton is

more sensitive to potassium availability and oftenshows signs of potassium deficiency in soils notconsidered deficient (Cassman et al 1989) Furtherthe role and importance of potassium in cotton growthand productivity is increasing due to the widespreadpotassium deficiency aggravated due to low potassiumadditions or recommendations

Secondary (Ca Mg S) and micronutrientsespecially Zn B are essential for higher productivity ofcotton Besides increasing nutrient use efficiencyMagnesium is essential for the production of the greenpigment in chlorophyll which is the driving force ofphotosynthesis It is also essential for the metabolismof carbohydrates (sugars)It is necessary for cell divisionand protein formation It is not only an enzyme activatorin the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) butalso regulates uptake of the other essential elementsand serves as a carrier of phosphate compoundsthroughout the plant It also facilitates the translocationof carbohydrates (sugars and starches) enhances theproduction of oils and fats

Micronutrient deficiencies not only hamper cropproductivity but also deteriorate produce qualityMicronutrients requirement though small act as catalystin the uptake and use of macronutrients Nutritionalstatus of plants has a considerable impact on

3

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

promising parents and hybrid combinations forimproving yield through its components

In the present investigation the degree ofdominance was more than unity for number of productivetillers (187) hulling percent (225) milling percent (215)head rice recovery (228) grain yield per plant (126)and per day productivity (139) suggesting thepreponderance of dominance in controlling these traitsand less than one for other characters (Table 3) SCAvariances were higher than GCA variances for mostof the characters which indicated the predominanceof non-additive gene action The traits viz number ofproductive tillers per plant (029) hulling percent (020)milling percent (021) head rice recovery (019) grainyield per plant (064) and per day productivity (052)had non-additive gene action while days to 50 percent flowering (116) plant height (344) panicle length(131) panicle weight (131) 1000 grain weight (179)number of grains per panicle (187) and spikelet fertility(127) exhibited additive gene action The importanceof additive as well as non-additive gene effects withpredominance of non-additive gene effects in inheritanceof grain yield and yield components of rice were earlierreported by Saleem et al (2010) Saidaiah et al (2010)Rashid et al (2007) Saravanan et al (2006) andVanaja et al (2003)

Among the parents the line JMS 14A (354)and three testers viz RNR 26059 (402) RNR 26072(197) and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (094) hadpositive and significant gca effects for grain yield perplant JMS 14A had significant gca effects in desireddirection for yield contributing traits like number ofproductive tillers per plant panicle length panicleweight number of grains per panicle spikelet fertilityand per day productivity (Table 4) Among the testersRNR 26059 exhibited significant positive gca effectsfor the traits viz grain yield plant height floweringpanicle length panicle weight 1000 grain weightnumber of filled grains spikelet fertility and per dayproductivity Whereas RNR 26072 was observed tobe a good general combiner for the traits viz grainyield per plant days to 50 per cent flowering paniclelength hulling percent milling percent head rice recoveryand per day productivity PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 was a good general combiner for the traits vizgrain yield per plant number of productive tillers perplant panicle weight 1000 grain weight number ofgrains per panicle head rice recovery It was observedin certain instances that the lines and testers with good

per se performance have not been good generalcombiners and vice versa but the in the present studyassociation between per se performance and GCAeffects was evident indicating the effectiveness ofchoice of parents based on per se performance alonewas not appropriate to predict the combining ability ofthe parents

Of the thirty two hybrids nine hybrids hadshown positive and significant sca effects for grain yieldper plant and of these highest effect was exhibited inthe cross JMS 14A times RNR 26083 (936) followed byCMS 23A times RNR 26072 (706) and CMS 64A times PAU2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (663) (Table 5) Six hybridsexhibited significant and negative sca effects for daysto flowering and CMS 64A times RNR 26072 (-1440) hadhighest effect followed by JMS 14A times RNR 26074 (-1046) and CMS 23A times RNR 26083 (-1021) and wereconsidered to be highly desirable for earliness

Ten hybrids viz CMS 23A times RNR 26072(984) CMS 23A times RNR 26083 (154) CMS 64A timesRNR 26059 (266) CMS 64A times RNR 26074 (175)CMS 64A times RNR 26084 (184) CMS 64A times PAU2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (553) JMS 14A times RNR26084 (403) JMS 14A times Pusa 1701-10-5-8 (396)JMS 20A times RNR 26072 (480) JMS 20A times RNR26084 (332) had significant positive sca effects forspikelet fertility ()

For 1000 grain weight eight hybrids hadpositive and significant effects and of these CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 (304) exhibited highest effect followedby JMS 20A times RNR 26072 (223) and were consideredas bold One line JMS 20A (-167) and three testersie Pusa 1701-10-5-8 (-287) RP 5898-54-21-9-4-2-2 (-280) and JMS 20A times RNR 26072 (-081) and fivehybrids viz CMS 64A times RNR 26072 (-526) CMS23A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (-188) JMS 20Atimes RNR 26059 (-076) CMS 23A times RNR 26083(-104) and JMS 20A times RNR 26084 (-118)possessed fine grain and recorded significant negativegca and sca effects respectively for 1000 grain weight

The cross combinations viz JMS 14A times RNR26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 CMS 64A times PAU2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR 26072and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were found to be goodspecific combiners for grain yield and yield attributingtraits

Heterosis studies showed that theheterobeltiosis over better parent ranged from -1849

4

Tabl

e 2

Poo

led

anal

ysis

of v

aria

nce

for c

ombi

ning

abi

lity

for y

ield

and

yie

ld c

ompo

nent

s in

rice

ove

r loc

atio

ns

Sig

nific

ant a

t P=0

05

leve

l

S

igni

fican

t at P

=00

1 le

vel

X 1 =

Day

s to

50

flow

erin

gX 2

= P

lant

hei

ght (

cm)

X

3 =

No

of p

rodu

ctive

tille

rs

X 4 =

Pan

icle

leng

th (c

m)

X 5 =

Pan

icle

weig

ht (g

)X 6

= 1

000

grai

n we

ight

(g)

X 7 =

No

of g

rain

s pe

r pan

icle

X 8

= S

pike

let f

ertili

ty (

)X 9

= H

ullin

g pe

rcen

tX 1

0 =

Milli

ng p

erce

nt

X 11

= He

ad ri

ce re

cove

ry

X 12

= G

rain

yie

ld p

er p

lant

(g)

X 13

= Pe

r day

Pro

duct

ivity

D

F =

degr

ees o

f fre

edom

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Sour

ce o

fD

F X

1

X 2X

3

X4

X 5

X 6

X

7 X

8

X9

X 1

0

X 11

X12

X13

varia

tion

Repl

icatio

ns1

733

132

30

823

340

050

8527

003

961

1

202

374

730

120

696

Envir

onm

ents

220

927

21

836

7

07

299

2

217

6

46

1266

47

13

55

14

537

12

033

72

78

23

93

71

433

Tr

eatm

ents

4356

605

13

824

5

104

7

355

2

530

54

39

13

314

55

164

02

804

1

833

1

111

46

108

17

839

43

Pare

nts

1148

113

22

926

5

373

48

82

7

00

877

1

1480

313

19

80

34

01

51

13

13

110

18

79

21

144

Lin

es3

1203

47

1166

65

10

98

905

416

103

15

2902

351

82

544

65

53

640

932

39

292

6711

626

8Te

sters

758

048

3275

29

8

7464

42

12

53

86

74

30

089

77

963

368

63

783

210

488

142

2313

106

7Li

ne times

Tes

ter

126

021

22

103

11

37

10

06

2

16

183

6

5322

98

12

316

11

115

10

846

11

722

11

594

80

535

Pa

rent

s times1

5909

43

31

576

5

763

83

011

7

553

71

52

20

981

1098

14

72

48

1

5557

94

13

635

41

946

3

hybr

idsHy

brids

3142

381

10

022

2

107

4

222

4

469

42

01

13

209

08

185

07

971

4

973

6

106

22

138

98

954

03

Error

435

817

300

560

870

100

7610

689

240

211

135

141

348

410

7

5

σ 2 variances gca general combining ability sca specific combining ability

Table 3 Estimates of general and specific combining ability variances and degree of dominance fordifferent traits in rice

Character Source of variation Degree ofDominance

( σ 2 sca σ 2 gca)12σ 2 gca σ 2 sca σ 2 gca

σ 2 sca

Days to 50 flowering 4920 4231 116 093

Plant height (cm) 12302 3572 344 054

Number of productive tillers per plant 052 181 029 187

Panicle length (cm) 199 152 131 087

Panicle weight (g) 046 035 131 087

1000 grain weight (g) 523 293 179 075

Number of grains per panicle 103003 87003 187 072

Spikelet fertility () 2547 2013 127 089

Hulling percent 359 1811 020 225

Milling percent 387 1781 022 215

Head Rice Recovery () 372 1926 019 228

Grain yield per plant (g) 1187 1868 064 126

Per day productivity (kg ha-1 day-1) 6644 12744 052 139

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

to 4565 for grain yield (Table 6) and eight hybridsshowed significant positive heterosis Highest significantpositive heterobeltiosis was exhibited in the hybrid JMS14A times RNR 26083 (4545) followed by CMS 64A timesPAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (2880) and CMS23A times RNR 26072 (2769) JMS 14A times RNR 26059(2747) and JMS 14A times RNR 26084 (2726)

Eight hybrids had positive and significantstandard heterosis over check variety (RNR 15048)and the cross JMS 14A times RNR 26083 had shownhighest heterosis of 4914 followed by JMS 14A timesRNR 26059 (3053) and JMS 14A times RNR 26084(3031) Five hybrids exhibited positive and significantstandard heterosis over the hybrid PA 6444 and ofthese highest heterosis was shown by the cross JMS14A times RNR 26083 (3158) followed by JMS 14A timesRNR 26059 (1516) and CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (1356) Among these JMS 14Atimes RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059 CMS 64A timesPAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were identifiedas potential hybrids with respect to all the characters

based on their perse performance and heterosisestimates Marked variation in the expression ofheterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for yield and yieldcomponents was observed among all the crosscombinations These finding are consistent with thoseof Saravanan et al (2008) Saidaiah et al (2010)Kumar et al (2012) Singh et al (2013) Sharma et al(2013) Pratap et al (2013) Bhati et al (2015)Satheesh kumar et al (2016) Yogita et al (2016) andGalal Bakr Anis et al (2017)

CONCLUSION

Results of the present investigation showedthat none of the hybrids had expressed superiorperformance for all the characters The gca effectsrevealed that among the lines JMS 14A and amongthe testers RNR 26059 RNR 26072 and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 had significant gca effects in thedesired direction for several traits including grain yieldHence these lines and testers could be considered aspotential donors in improving grain yield per plant andassociated components in development of hybrids in

6

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et alTa

ble

4 E

stim

ates

of g

ener

al c

ombi

ning

abi

lity

effe

cts

of li

nes

and

test

ers

for y

ield

and

yie

ld c

ontr

ibut

ing

char

acte

rs in

rice

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

Pare

nts

Day

s to

Plan

tNu

mbe

r of

Pani

cle

Pani

cle

1000

Num

ber o

fSp

ikel

etHu

lling

Mill

ing

Head

Gra

inPe

r da

y50

he

ight

prod

uctiv

ele

ngth

wei

ght

grai

ngr

ains

per

ferti

lity

perc

ent

perc

ent

rice

yiel

d p

rodu

ctiv

ityflo

wer

ing

(cm

)til

lers

per

(cm

)(g

)w

eigh

tpa

nicl

e

reco

very

per p

lant

(kg

ha-1 d

ay-1)

plan

t(g

)

(g)

LINE

S

CM

S 23

A-4

41

-6

08

-0

04

-03

6

-03

0

189

-2

400

-5

93

-0

29

-01

00

09-1

95

-3

63

CM

S 64

A5

35

084

-0

64

0

260

03-0

03

-21

30

221

70

164

1

08

-02

2-2

55

JMS

14A

317

5

89

021

0

47

039

-0

18

341

8

297

-0

94

-0

97

-0

30

354

7

20

JMS

20A

-41

2

-06

50

47

-03

7

-01

2

-16

7

-80

4

274

-0

47

-0

57

-0

86

-1

37

-1

01

SE

+0

360

370

110

140

030

131

420

220

230

180

190

280

92

TEST

ERS

RN

R 2

6059

-11

4

104

1

-00

51

45

136

1

71

300

8

388

-0

49

-07

6

-03

34

02

116

0

RN

R 2

6072

-52

6

-31

2

017

149

-0

58

-0

81

-3

010

-0

03

186

1

38

176

1

97

901

RN

R 2

6074

-05

12

75

056

0

77

-04

0

058

-1

348

-2

74

-1

21

-0

98

-0

88

0

040

72

RN

R 2

6083

898

16

52

-0

87

1

35

033

1

19

570

-0

12

093

1

28

169

-0

06

-49

3

RN

R 2

6084

-30

5

533

-0

26

011

-01

8

089

-2

344

1

01

049

058

0

23-0

77

-00

07

Pusa

170

-47

2

-21

85

-05

1

-29

9

-10

0

-27

2

-35

00

-03

00

97

092

0

34-3

76

-7

82

1-

10-5

-8

PAU

2K1

0-23

-0

48-5

06

1

04

-05

1

031

1

95

530

-2

04

0

89

138

1

72

094

0

3745

1-2-

37-3

4-0-

3

RP

5898

-54-

523

-4

98

-0

07

-16

7

015

-2

80

00

34

0

36-3

45

-3

82

-4

53

-2

38

-8

95

21

-9-4

-2-2

SE

+0

510

530

150

200

050

182

010

310

320

260

260

401

30

7

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

Tabl

e 5 S

peci

fic c

ombi

ning

abi

lity e

ffect

s fo

r yie

ld c

ontri

butin

g tra

its fo

r the

cro

sses

pos

sess

ing

sign

ifica

nt ef

fect

s fo

r gra

in yi

eld

per p

lant

in ri

ce

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

CMS

23A

times R

NR

2607

853

-1

07

143

0

301

04

304

23

25

9

84

115

-00

21

05

706

15

17

CM

S 23

A times

RP

5898

--2

96

7

97

-06

30

39-1

12

0

44-2

812

-1

62

447

3

68

518

1

66

331

54-2

1-9-

4-2-

2CM

S 64

A times

RNR

2605

92

47

006

-02

50

40-0

03

122

-9

66

2

66

095

-02

4-1

62

3

23

731

CM

S 64

A times

RNR

2607

45

84

114

-09

4

005

-00

31

80

-58

21

75

191

1

10

137

2

47

188

CMS

64A

times PA

U 2

K10-

084

-07

292

0

080

151

55

-18

03

553

1

131

89

277

6

63

176

1

23-4

51-2

-37-

34-0

-3JM

S 14

A times

RNR

2608

37

87

787

1

24

-05

20

58

172

42

10

0

802

23

228

3

02

936

17

57

JM

S 14

A times

RNR

2608

4-5

75

0

98-1

44

-0

09

-02

1

052

-48

44

03

147

1

31

280

5

01

189

1

JMS

20A

times RN

R 26

074

532

8

88

-13

6

095

0

33

-04

6-1

124

-2

37

5

29

423

4

30

243

3

08JM

S 20

A times

RP

5898

--0

08

046

014

-02

60

89

-04

824

25

0

96-1

225

-1

183

-1

150

3

21

921

54

-21-

9-4-

2-2

SE

+1

031

060

300

400

090

364

030

630

650

520

520

802

61

Hyb

rids

Day

s to

Plan

tNu

mbe

rPa

nicl

ePa

nicl

e10

00Nu

mbe

rSp

ikel

etHu

lling

Mill

ing

Head

ric

eG

rain

Per

day

50

heig

htof

pro

du-

leng

thw

eigh

tgr

ain

of fi

lled

fert

ility

perc

ent

perc

ent

reco

very

yie

ld p

erpr

oduc

-flo

wer

ing

(cm

)ct

ive

(cm

)(g

) pl

ant

wei

ght

grai

ns p

er(

)

pla

nt (g

)tiv

ity (

kg

tille

rs p

er(g

) p

anic

leha

day

)

8

Tabl

e 6

Sta

ndar

d he

tero

sis

over

hyb

rid (S

HH) a

nd v

arie

ty (S

HV) f

or yi

eld

cont

ribut

ing

traits

for t

he c

ross

es w

ith s

igni

fican

t het

erot

ic e

ffect

s fo

rgr

ain

yiel

d pe

r pla

nt in

rice

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

1

Cro

ssD

ays

to 5

0Pl

ant

heig

htNu

mbe

r of p

rodu

c-Pa

nicl

e le

ngth

Pani

cle

wei

ght

1000

gra

inNu

mbe

r of f

illed

flow

erin

g(c

m)

tive

tille

rs p

er p

lant

(cm

)(g

)w

eigh

t (g)

grai

ns p

er p

anic

le

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

CMS

23A

times RN

R 2

6059

-20

24

-11

64

836

14

79

-03

1-1

148

21

32

24

51

-2

70

-10

61

1174

40

-5

63

-42

78

CMS

23A

times RN

R 2

6072

-16

44

-74

2

-78

4

-23

711

94

-0

61

158

5

188

9

-18

71

-17

34

257

769

2-

385

1

-62

71

CMS

64A

times RN

R 2

6059

-92

8

051

113

8

179

9-1

147

-2

139

18

63

21

75

3

655

40

-27

767

70

-7

53

-4

393

CMS

64A

times RN

R 2

6074

-56

3

455

3

50

964

-12

09

-21

94

144

8

174

8

-28

99

-27

79

-51

763

56

-30

06

-5

759

CMS

64A

times PA

U 2K

10-2

3-9

28

0

51-3

07

268

283

9

140

0

943

12

30

-1

239

-1

092

-0

26

720

3-

270

2

-55

75

-451

-2-3

7-34

-0-3

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6059

-85

2

135

129

7

196

7-2

73

-13

63

196

0

227

4

173

3

193

1

-11

63

524

2

-09

9-3

996

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6083

289

14

00

28

25

35

86

295

-85

915

32

18

35

2

554

27-3

55

663

6

172

0

-28

93

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6084

-20

55

-11

97

121

7

188

2-1

643

-2

580

12

05

15

00

-2

166

-2

034

-1

010

55

05

-17

58

-5

002

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

1 S

HH =

Sta

ndar

d He

tero

sis o

ver h

ybrid

(PA

6444

) SH

V =

Stan

dard

Het

eros

is ov

er va

riety

(RNR

150

48)

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

SH

HS

HV

Cro

ssSp

ikel

et f

ertil

ityHu

lling

per

cent

Mill

ing

perc

ent

Head

ric

eG

rain

yie

ld p

erPe

r da

y Pr

oduc

tivity

()

reco

very

(

)pl

ant

(g)

(kg

had

ay)

CM

S 23

A times

RN

R 2

6059

-86

2

-86

3

-04

3-3

97

-6

08

-6

50

-3

07

-8

43

-3

15

978

12

96

17

24

CM

S 23

A times

RN

R 2

6072

007

005

346

-0

21

-56

3

-60

5

000

-55

3

126

8

277

2

274

3

322

7

CM

S 64

A times

RN

R 2

6059

324

3

22

272

-0

92

-64

8

-68

9

-57

8

-10

99

125

0

275

1

217

6

263

8

CM

S 64

A times

RN

R 2

6074

-50

3

-50

4

303

-0

63

-49

5

-53

8

-20

4-7

45

-3

08

986

-0

29

349

CM

S 64

A times

PAU

2K

-01

2-0

13

476

1

04-0

68

-11

24

07

-16

813

56

28

72

20

51

25

08

10

-23-

451-

2-37

-34-

0-3

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

593

29

328

-3

03

-64

7

-11

46

-11

86

-56

0

-10

82

151

6

305

3

212

4

258

3

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

83-0

19

-02

02

81

-08

4-3

83

-4

26

2

29

-33

7

315

8

491

4

264

7

312

7

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

844

61

459

1

25-2

34

-60

8

-65

0

-02

5-5

77

14

97

30

31

34

93

40

05

9

Table 7 Top ranking hybrids based on mean heterosis and sca effects

S No Hybrids Grain Heterosis Heterosis scayield plant-1 over over effect

(g) varietal hybridcheck () check ()

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

1 JMS 14A times RNR 26083 4002 4914 3158 936 2 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 3497 3013 1497 501 3 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451- 3454 2872 1356 566

2-37-34-0-34 CMS 23A times RNR 26072 3428 2772 1268 706 5 CMS 64A times RNR 26059 3422 2751 1220 323

future breeding programmes Finally among 32 hybridsJMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 (Table 7)were identified as promising hybrids based on per segrain yield per plant heterosis and specific combiningability which would be further tested in multilocationtrialsREFERENCES

Bhati PK Singh SK Singh R Sharma A andDhurai SY 2015 Estimation of heterosis foryield and yield related traits in rice (Oryza sativaL) SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics47 (4) 467-474

Fonseca S and Patterson FL 1968 Hybrid vigor in aseven-parent diallel cross in common winterwheat (Triticum aestivum L) Crop Science 885

Galal Bakr Anis Ahmed Ibrahem El-Sherif HythamFreeg and Elsaed Farok Arafat 2017Evaluation of some hybrid combinations forexploitation of two-line system heterotic in rice(Oryza sativa L)International Journal of BioScience Agriculture and Technology 8(1) 1-8

Kempthorne O 1957 An introduction genetic statisticJohn Wiley and Sons New York

Kumar Chetan MR Devaraju and Prasad SR2012 Characterization of rice hybrids and theirparental lines based on morphological traitsOryza 49 (4) 302-304

Kumar S Dwivedi SK Singh SS Jha SKLekshmy S Elanchezhian R Singh ON and

Bhatt BP 2014 Identification of drought tolerantrice genotypes by analyzing drought toleranceindices and morpho-physiological traitsSABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics46 (2) 217-230

Panse VG and Sukhatne PV 1967 StatisticalMethods for Agricultural Workers 2nd EditionIndian Council of Agricultural Research NewDelhi

Parimala C 2016 Combining abiliy and heterosis inrice (Oryza sativa L)rdquo PhD Thesis ProfessorJayashankar Telangana State AgriculturalUniversity Hyderabad India

Pratap N Raj Shekhar P K Singh and S K Soni2013 Combining ability gene action andheterosis using CMS lines in hybrid Rice (Oryzasativa L) The Bioscan 8(4) 1521-1528

Rashid M Cheema A A and Ashraf M 2007 Linetimes Tester analysis in Basmati Rice PakistanJournal of Botany 36(6) 2035-2042

Saidaiah P Sudheer Kumar S and Ramesha M S2010 Combining ability studies for developmentof new hybrids in rice over environments Journalof Agricultural Science 2(2) 225-233

Saleem M Y Mirza J I and Haq M A 2010Combining ability analysis for yield and relatedtraits in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) PakistanJournal of Botany 42(1) 627-637

Saravanan K Ramya B Satheesh Kumar Pand Sabesan T 2006 Combining ability foryield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L)Oryza 43(4) 274-277

10

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Saravanan KT Sabesan and Kumar ST 2008Heterosis for yield and yield components in rice(Oryza sativa L) Advances in Plant Science21(1) 119-121

Sarker U Biswas PS Prasad Band KhalequeMMA 2002 Heterosis and genetic analysis inrice hybrid Pakistan Journal of BiologicalScience 5(1) 1-5

Satheesh Kumar P Saravanan K and Sabesan T2016 Selection of superior genotypes in rice(Oryza sativa L) through combining abilityanalysis International Journal of AgriculturalSciences 12(1) 15-21

Sharma SK Singh SK Nandan R Amita SharmaRavinder Kumar Kumar V and Singh MK2013 Estimation of heterosis and inbreedingdepression for yield and yield related traits inrice (Oryza sativa L) Molecular Plant Breeding29(4) 238-246

Singh SK Vikash Sahu Amita Sharma andPradeep Bhati Kumar 2013 Heterosis for yieldand yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L)Bioinfolet 10(2B) 752-761

Vanaja T Babu L C Radhakrishnan V V andPushkaran K 2003 Combining ability for yieldand yield components in rice varieties of diverseorigin Journal of Tropical Agriculture41(12) 7-15

Yogita Shrivas Parmeshwar Sahu Deepak Sharmaand Nidhi Kujur 2016 Heterosis and combiningability analysis for grain yield and its componenttraits for the development of red rice (OryzaSativa L) hybrids The Ecoscan Special issueVol IX 475-485

Yuan LP Virmani SS and Mao CX 1989 Hybridrice - achievements and future outlook InProgress in irrigated rice research IRRI ManilaPhilippines 219-235

11

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM AND FOLIAR NUTRITION OF SECONDARY (Mg) ANDMICRONUTRIENTS (Zn amp B) ON YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF Bt - COTTON

D SWETHA P LAXMINARAYANA G E CH VIDYASAGAR S NARENDER REDDYand HARISH KUMAR SHARMA

Department of Agronomy College of AgricultureProfessor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University Rajendranagar Hyderabad-500 030

Date of Receipt 13-07-2020 Date of Acceptance 28-08-2020

Research ArticleThe J Res PJTSAU 48 (3amp4) 11-21 2020

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 in split plot design to access the performance ofBt- cotton hybrid (MRC 7201 BGII) at Hyderabad with potassium fertilization (K 0 K 60 and K 90 kg ha-1) as main treatmentsand secondary (Magnesium) and micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) as sub plot treatments Among the potassium levels during boththe years 2015 and 2016 K 90 kg ha-1 recorded significantly more number of bolls plant-1 (344 364) boll weight (24 25 g)seed cotton yield (1941 2591 kg ha-1) stalk yield (1967 2755 kg ha-1) and harvest index (581 474 ) respectively in comparisonto K 0 and K 60 Among the secondary (Magnesium) and micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) during 2015 and 2016 treatmentMg1Zn05B01 showed more number of bolls plant-1 (330 362) boll weight (243 280 g) seed cotton yield (1512 2324 kg ha-1)stalk yield (1622 2708 kg ha-1) and harvest index (525 441 ) when compared with all other treatments

ABSTRACT

emailswethadasari21gmailcom

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) is the mostimportant commercial crop of India cultivated in an areaof 12584 lakh hectare with a productivity of 486 kg lintha-1 which is below the world average of 764 kg ha-1

and in Telangana state the cotton crop is grown in anarea of 1761 lakh ha with the productivity of 486 kgha-1 (Annual report CICR 2019) Changes in the soilfertility caused by the imbalanced use of fertilizers andcontinuous use of high analysis fertilizers withoutorganic manures lead to problems like declining organicmatter and mining of nutrients especially those whichare not applied in sufficient quantities This has lead toan era of multi nutrient deficiencies and widespreaddeficiencies of at least six elements viz nitrogenphosphorus potassium sulphur zinc and boronAmong major nutrients potassium has an importantrole in the translocation of photosynthates from sourceto sink Physiologically K is an essential macronutrientfor plant growth and development While K is not acomponent of any singular plant part K affects manyfundamental physiological processes such as cell pHstabilization regulating plant metabolism by acting asa negative charge neutralizer maintaining cell turgorby acting as an osmiticum activating enzymes andregulating the opening and closing of stomataPotassium is required in large amounts by cotton fornormal crop growth and fiber development Cotton is

more sensitive to potassium availability and oftenshows signs of potassium deficiency in soils notconsidered deficient (Cassman et al 1989) Furtherthe role and importance of potassium in cotton growthand productivity is increasing due to the widespreadpotassium deficiency aggravated due to low potassiumadditions or recommendations

Secondary (Ca Mg S) and micronutrientsespecially Zn B are essential for higher productivity ofcotton Besides increasing nutrient use efficiencyMagnesium is essential for the production of the greenpigment in chlorophyll which is the driving force ofphotosynthesis It is also essential for the metabolismof carbohydrates (sugars)It is necessary for cell divisionand protein formation It is not only an enzyme activatorin the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) butalso regulates uptake of the other essential elementsand serves as a carrier of phosphate compoundsthroughout the plant It also facilitates the translocationof carbohydrates (sugars and starches) enhances theproduction of oils and fats

Micronutrient deficiencies not only hamper cropproductivity but also deteriorate produce qualityMicronutrients requirement though small act as catalystin the uptake and use of macronutrients Nutritionalstatus of plants has a considerable impact on

4

Tabl

e 2

Poo

led

anal

ysis

of v

aria

nce

for c

ombi

ning

abi

lity

for y

ield

and

yie

ld c

ompo

nent

s in

rice

ove

r loc

atio

ns

Sig

nific

ant a

t P=0

05

leve

l

S

igni

fican

t at P

=00

1 le

vel

X 1 =

Day

s to

50

flow

erin

gX 2

= P

lant

hei

ght (

cm)

X

3 =

No

of p

rodu

ctive

tille

rs

X 4 =

Pan

icle

leng

th (c

m)

X 5 =

Pan

icle

weig

ht (g

)X 6

= 1

000

grai

n we

ight

(g)

X 7 =

No

of g

rain

s pe

r pan

icle

X 8

= S

pike

let f

ertili

ty (

)X 9

= H

ullin

g pe

rcen

tX 1

0 =

Milli

ng p

erce

nt

X 11

= He

ad ri

ce re

cove

ry

X 12

= G

rain

yie

ld p

er p

lant

(g)

X 13

= Pe

r day

Pro

duct

ivity

D

F =

degr

ees o

f fre

edom

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Sour

ce o

fD

F X

1

X 2X

3

X4

X 5

X 6

X

7 X

8

X9

X 1

0

X 11

X12

X13

varia

tion

Repl

icatio

ns1

733

132

30

823

340

050

8527

003

961

1

202

374

730

120

696

Envir

onm

ents

220

927

21

836

7

07

299

2

217

6

46

1266

47

13

55

14

537

12

033

72

78

23

93

71

433

Tr

eatm

ents

4356

605

13

824

5

104

7

355

2

530

54

39

13

314

55

164

02

804

1

833

1

111

46

108

17

839

43

Pare

nts

1148

113

22

926

5

373

48

82

7

00

877

1

1480

313

19

80

34

01

51

13

13

110

18

79

21

144

Lin

es3

1203

47

1166

65

10

98

905

416

103

15

2902

351

82

544

65

53

640

932

39

292

6711

626

8Te

sters

758

048

3275

29

8

7464

42

12

53

86

74

30

089

77

963

368

63

783

210

488

142

2313

106

7Li

ne times

Tes

ter

126

021

22

103

11

37

10

06

2

16

183

6

5322

98

12

316

11

115

10

846

11

722

11

594

80

535

Pa

rent

s times1

5909

43

31

576

5

763

83

011

7

553

71

52

20

981

1098

14

72

48

1

5557

94

13

635

41

946

3

hybr

idsHy

brids

3142

381

10

022

2

107

4

222

4

469

42

01

13

209

08

185

07

971

4

973

6

106

22

138

98

954

03

Error

435

817

300

560

870

100

7610

689

240

211

135

141

348

410

7

5

σ 2 variances gca general combining ability sca specific combining ability

Table 3 Estimates of general and specific combining ability variances and degree of dominance fordifferent traits in rice

Character Source of variation Degree ofDominance

( σ 2 sca σ 2 gca)12σ 2 gca σ 2 sca σ 2 gca

σ 2 sca

Days to 50 flowering 4920 4231 116 093

Plant height (cm) 12302 3572 344 054

Number of productive tillers per plant 052 181 029 187

Panicle length (cm) 199 152 131 087

Panicle weight (g) 046 035 131 087

1000 grain weight (g) 523 293 179 075

Number of grains per panicle 103003 87003 187 072

Spikelet fertility () 2547 2013 127 089

Hulling percent 359 1811 020 225

Milling percent 387 1781 022 215

Head Rice Recovery () 372 1926 019 228

Grain yield per plant (g) 1187 1868 064 126

Per day productivity (kg ha-1 day-1) 6644 12744 052 139

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

to 4565 for grain yield (Table 6) and eight hybridsshowed significant positive heterosis Highest significantpositive heterobeltiosis was exhibited in the hybrid JMS14A times RNR 26083 (4545) followed by CMS 64A timesPAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (2880) and CMS23A times RNR 26072 (2769) JMS 14A times RNR 26059(2747) and JMS 14A times RNR 26084 (2726)

Eight hybrids had positive and significantstandard heterosis over check variety (RNR 15048)and the cross JMS 14A times RNR 26083 had shownhighest heterosis of 4914 followed by JMS 14A timesRNR 26059 (3053) and JMS 14A times RNR 26084(3031) Five hybrids exhibited positive and significantstandard heterosis over the hybrid PA 6444 and ofthese highest heterosis was shown by the cross JMS14A times RNR 26083 (3158) followed by JMS 14A timesRNR 26059 (1516) and CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (1356) Among these JMS 14Atimes RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059 CMS 64A timesPAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were identifiedas potential hybrids with respect to all the characters

based on their perse performance and heterosisestimates Marked variation in the expression ofheterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for yield and yieldcomponents was observed among all the crosscombinations These finding are consistent with thoseof Saravanan et al (2008) Saidaiah et al (2010)Kumar et al (2012) Singh et al (2013) Sharma et al(2013) Pratap et al (2013) Bhati et al (2015)Satheesh kumar et al (2016) Yogita et al (2016) andGalal Bakr Anis et al (2017)

CONCLUSION

Results of the present investigation showedthat none of the hybrids had expressed superiorperformance for all the characters The gca effectsrevealed that among the lines JMS 14A and amongthe testers RNR 26059 RNR 26072 and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 had significant gca effects in thedesired direction for several traits including grain yieldHence these lines and testers could be considered aspotential donors in improving grain yield per plant andassociated components in development of hybrids in

6

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et alTa

ble

4 E

stim

ates

of g

ener

al c

ombi

ning

abi

lity

effe

cts

of li

nes

and

test

ers

for y

ield

and

yie

ld c

ontr

ibut

ing

char

acte

rs in

rice

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

Pare

nts

Day

s to

Plan

tNu

mbe

r of

Pani

cle

Pani

cle

1000

Num

ber o

fSp

ikel

etHu

lling

Mill

ing

Head

Gra

inPe

r da

y50

he

ight

prod

uctiv

ele

ngth

wei

ght

grai

ngr

ains

per

ferti

lity

perc

ent

perc

ent

rice

yiel

d p

rodu

ctiv

ityflo

wer

ing

(cm

)til

lers

per

(cm

)(g

)w

eigh

tpa

nicl

e

reco

very

per p

lant

(kg

ha-1 d

ay-1)

plan

t(g

)

(g)

LINE

S

CM

S 23

A-4

41

-6

08

-0

04

-03

6

-03

0

189

-2

400

-5

93

-0

29

-01

00

09-1

95

-3

63

CM

S 64

A5

35

084

-0

64

0

260

03-0

03

-21

30

221

70

164

1

08

-02

2-2

55

JMS

14A

317

5

89

021

0

47

039

-0

18

341

8

297

-0

94

-0

97

-0

30

354

7

20

JMS

20A

-41

2

-06

50

47

-03

7

-01

2

-16

7

-80

4

274

-0

47

-0

57

-0

86

-1

37

-1

01

SE

+0

360

370

110

140

030

131

420

220

230

180

190

280

92

TEST

ERS

RN

R 2

6059

-11

4

104

1

-00

51

45

136

1

71

300

8

388

-0

49

-07

6

-03

34

02

116

0

RN

R 2

6072

-52

6

-31

2

017

149

-0

58

-0

81

-3

010

-0

03

186

1

38

176

1

97

901

RN

R 2

6074

-05

12

75

056

0

77

-04

0

058

-1

348

-2

74

-1

21

-0

98

-0

88

0

040

72

RN

R 2

6083

898

16

52

-0

87

1

35

033

1

19

570

-0

12

093

1

28

169

-0

06

-49

3

RN

R 2

6084

-30

5

533

-0

26

011

-01

8

089

-2

344

1

01

049

058

0

23-0

77

-00

07

Pusa

170

-47

2

-21

85

-05

1

-29

9

-10

0

-27

2

-35

00

-03

00

97

092

0

34-3

76

-7

82

1-

10-5

-8

PAU

2K1

0-23

-0

48-5

06

1

04

-05

1

031

1

95

530

-2

04

0

89

138

1

72

094

0

3745

1-2-

37-3

4-0-

3

RP

5898

-54-

523

-4

98

-0

07

-16

7

015

-2

80

00

34

0

36-3

45

-3

82

-4

53

-2

38

-8

95

21

-9-4

-2-2

SE

+0

510

530

150

200

050

182

010

310

320

260

260

401

30

7

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

Tabl

e 5 S

peci

fic c

ombi

ning

abi

lity e

ffect

s fo

r yie

ld c

ontri

butin

g tra

its fo

r the

cro

sses

pos

sess

ing

sign

ifica

nt ef

fect

s fo

r gra

in yi

eld

per p

lant

in ri

ce

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

CMS

23A

times R

NR

2607

853

-1

07

143

0

301

04

304

23

25

9

84

115

-00

21

05

706

15

17

CM

S 23

A times

RP

5898

--2

96

7

97

-06

30

39-1

12

0

44-2

812

-1

62

447

3

68

518

1

66

331

54-2

1-9-

4-2-

2CM

S 64

A times

RNR

2605

92

47

006

-02

50

40-0

03

122

-9

66

2

66

095

-02

4-1

62

3

23

731

CM

S 64

A times

RNR

2607

45

84

114

-09

4

005

-00

31

80

-58

21

75

191

1

10

137

2

47

188

CMS

64A

times PA

U 2

K10-

084

-07

292

0

080

151

55

-18

03

553

1

131

89

277

6

63

176

1

23-4

51-2

-37-

34-0

-3JM

S 14

A times

RNR

2608

37

87

787

1

24

-05

20

58

172

42

10

0

802

23

228

3

02

936

17

57

JM

S 14

A times

RNR

2608

4-5

75

0

98-1

44

-0

09

-02

1

052

-48

44

03

147

1

31

280

5

01

189

1

JMS

20A

times RN

R 26

074

532

8

88

-13

6

095

0

33

-04

6-1

124

-2

37

5

29

423

4

30

243

3

08JM

S 20

A times

RP

5898

--0

08

046

014

-02

60

89

-04

824

25

0

96-1

225

-1

183

-1

150

3

21

921

54

-21-

9-4-

2-2

SE

+1

031

060

300

400

090

364

030

630

650

520

520

802

61

Hyb

rids

Day

s to

Plan

tNu

mbe

rPa

nicl

ePa

nicl

e10

00Nu

mbe

rSp

ikel

etHu

lling

Mill

ing

Head

ric

eG

rain

Per

day

50

heig

htof

pro

du-

leng

thw

eigh

tgr

ain

of fi

lled

fert

ility

perc

ent

perc

ent

reco

very

yie

ld p

erpr

oduc

-flo

wer

ing

(cm

)ct

ive

(cm

)(g

) pl

ant

wei

ght

grai

ns p

er(

)

pla

nt (g

)tiv

ity (

kg

tille

rs p

er(g

) p

anic

leha

day

)

8

Tabl

e 6

Sta

ndar

d he

tero

sis

over

hyb

rid (S

HH) a

nd v

arie

ty (S

HV) f

or yi

eld

cont

ribut

ing

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for t

he c

ross

es w

ith s

igni

fican

t het

erot

ic e

ffect

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rgr

ain

yiel

d pe

r pla

nt in

rice

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

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Cro

ssD

ays

to 5

0Pl

ant

heig

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SH

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HV

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HS

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CMS

23A

times RN

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6059

-20

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-11

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836

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79

-03

1-1

148

21

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24

51

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70

-10

61

1174

40

-5

63

-42

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CMS

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times RN

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6072

-16

44

-74

2

-78

4

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711

94

-0

61

158

5

188

9

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-17

34

257

769

2-

385

1

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71

CMS

64A

times RN

R 2

6059

-92

8

051

113

8

179

9-1

147

-2

139

18

63

21

75

3

655

40

-27

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70

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53

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393

CMS

64A

times RN

R 2

6074

-56

3

455

3

50

964

-12

09

-21

94

144

8

174

8

-28

99

-27

79

-51

763

56

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06

-5

759

CMS

64A

times PA

U 2K

10-2

3-9

28

0

51-3

07

268

283

9

140

0

943

12

30

-1

239

-1

092

-0

26

720

3-

270

2

-55

75

-451

-2-3

7-34

-0-3

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6059

-85

2

135

129

7

196

7-2

73

-13

63

196

0

227

4

173

3

193

1

-11

63

524

2

-09

9-3

996

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6083

289

14

00

28

25

35

86

295

-85

915

32

18

35

2

554

27-3

55

663

6

172

0

-28

93

JMS

14A

times RN

R 2

6084

-20

55

-11

97

121

7

188

2-1

643

-2

580

12

05

15

00

-2

166

-2

034

-1

010

55

05

-17

58

-5

002

Sig

nific

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t 00

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vel

Sig

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1 S

HH =

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tero

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ybrid

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V =

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er va

riety

(RNR

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48)

SH

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3-3

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-6

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-8

43

-3

15

978

12

96

17

24

CM

S 23

A times

RN

R 2

6072

007

005

346

-0

21

-56

3

-60

5

000

-55

3

126

8

277

2

274

3

322

7

CM

S 64

A times

RN

R 2

6059

324

3

22

272

-0

92

-64

8

-68

9

-57

8

-10

99

125

0

275

1

217

6

263

8

CM

S 64

A times

RN

R 2

6074

-50

3

-50

4

303

-0

63

-49

5

-53

8

-20

4-7

45

-3

08

986

-0

29

349

CM

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A times

PAU

2K

-01

2-0

13

476

1

04-0

68

-11

24

07

-16

813

56

28

72

20

51

25

08

10

-23-

451-

2-37

-34-

0-3

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

593

29

328

-3

03

-64

7

-11

46

-11

86

-56

0

-10

82

151

6

305

3

212

4

258

3

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

83-0

19

-02

02

81

-08

4-3

83

-4

26

2

29

-33

7

315

8

491

4

264

7

312

7

JMS

14A

times R

NR

260

844

61

459

1

25-2

34

-60

8

-65

0

-02

5-5

77

14

97

30

31

34

93

40

05

9

Table 7 Top ranking hybrids based on mean heterosis and sca effects

S No Hybrids Grain Heterosis Heterosis scayield plant-1 over over effect

(g) varietal hybridcheck () check ()

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

1 JMS 14A times RNR 26083 4002 4914 3158 936 2 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 3497 3013 1497 501 3 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451- 3454 2872 1356 566

2-37-34-0-34 CMS 23A times RNR 26072 3428 2772 1268 706 5 CMS 64A times RNR 26059 3422 2751 1220 323

future breeding programmes Finally among 32 hybridsJMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 (Table 7)were identified as promising hybrids based on per segrain yield per plant heterosis and specific combiningability which would be further tested in multilocationtrialsREFERENCES

Bhati PK Singh SK Singh R Sharma A andDhurai SY 2015 Estimation of heterosis foryield and yield related traits in rice (Oryza sativaL) SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics47 (4) 467-474

Fonseca S and Patterson FL 1968 Hybrid vigor in aseven-parent diallel cross in common winterwheat (Triticum aestivum L) Crop Science 885

Galal Bakr Anis Ahmed Ibrahem El-Sherif HythamFreeg and Elsaed Farok Arafat 2017Evaluation of some hybrid combinations forexploitation of two-line system heterotic in rice(Oryza sativa L)International Journal of BioScience Agriculture and Technology 8(1) 1-8

Kempthorne O 1957 An introduction genetic statisticJohn Wiley and Sons New York

Kumar Chetan MR Devaraju and Prasad SR2012 Characterization of rice hybrids and theirparental lines based on morphological traitsOryza 49 (4) 302-304

Kumar S Dwivedi SK Singh SS Jha SKLekshmy S Elanchezhian R Singh ON and

Bhatt BP 2014 Identification of drought tolerantrice genotypes by analyzing drought toleranceindices and morpho-physiological traitsSABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics46 (2) 217-230

Panse VG and Sukhatne PV 1967 StatisticalMethods for Agricultural Workers 2nd EditionIndian Council of Agricultural Research NewDelhi

Parimala C 2016 Combining abiliy and heterosis inrice (Oryza sativa L)rdquo PhD Thesis ProfessorJayashankar Telangana State AgriculturalUniversity Hyderabad India

Pratap N Raj Shekhar P K Singh and S K Soni2013 Combining ability gene action andheterosis using CMS lines in hybrid Rice (Oryzasativa L) The Bioscan 8(4) 1521-1528

Rashid M Cheema A A and Ashraf M 2007 Linetimes Tester analysis in Basmati Rice PakistanJournal of Botany 36(6) 2035-2042

Saidaiah P Sudheer Kumar S and Ramesha M S2010 Combining ability studies for developmentof new hybrids in rice over environments Journalof Agricultural Science 2(2) 225-233

Saleem M Y Mirza J I and Haq M A 2010Combining ability analysis for yield and relatedtraits in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) PakistanJournal of Botany 42(1) 627-637

Saravanan K Ramya B Satheesh Kumar Pand Sabesan T 2006 Combining ability foryield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L)Oryza 43(4) 274-277

10

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et al

Saravanan KT Sabesan and Kumar ST 2008Heterosis for yield and yield components in rice(Oryza sativa L) Advances in Plant Science21(1) 119-121

Sarker U Biswas PS Prasad Band KhalequeMMA 2002 Heterosis and genetic analysis inrice hybrid Pakistan Journal of BiologicalScience 5(1) 1-5

Satheesh Kumar P Saravanan K and Sabesan T2016 Selection of superior genotypes in rice(Oryza sativa L) through combining abilityanalysis International Journal of AgriculturalSciences 12(1) 15-21

Sharma SK Singh SK Nandan R Amita SharmaRavinder Kumar Kumar V and Singh MK2013 Estimation of heterosis and inbreedingdepression for yield and yield related traits inrice (Oryza sativa L) Molecular Plant Breeding29(4) 238-246

Singh SK Vikash Sahu Amita Sharma andPradeep Bhati Kumar 2013 Heterosis for yieldand yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L)Bioinfolet 10(2B) 752-761

Vanaja T Babu L C Radhakrishnan V V andPushkaran K 2003 Combining ability for yieldand yield components in rice varieties of diverseorigin Journal of Tropical Agriculture41(12) 7-15

Yogita Shrivas Parmeshwar Sahu Deepak Sharmaand Nidhi Kujur 2016 Heterosis and combiningability analysis for grain yield and its componenttraits for the development of red rice (OryzaSativa L) hybrids The Ecoscan Special issueVol IX 475-485

Yuan LP Virmani SS and Mao CX 1989 Hybridrice - achievements and future outlook InProgress in irrigated rice research IRRI ManilaPhilippines 219-235

11

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM AND FOLIAR NUTRITION OF SECONDARY (Mg) ANDMICRONUTRIENTS (Zn amp B) ON YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF Bt - COTTON

D SWETHA P LAXMINARAYANA G E CH VIDYASAGAR S NARENDER REDDYand HARISH KUMAR SHARMA

Department of Agronomy College of AgricultureProfessor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University Rajendranagar Hyderabad-500 030

Date of Receipt 13-07-2020 Date of Acceptance 28-08-2020

Research ArticleThe J Res PJTSAU 48 (3amp4) 11-21 2020

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 in split plot design to access the performance ofBt- cotton hybrid (MRC 7201 BGII) at Hyderabad with potassium fertilization (K 0 K 60 and K 90 kg ha-1) as main treatmentsand secondary (Magnesium) and micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) as sub plot treatments Among the potassium levels during boththe years 2015 and 2016 K 90 kg ha-1 recorded significantly more number of bolls plant-1 (344 364) boll weight (24 25 g)seed cotton yield (1941 2591 kg ha-1) stalk yield (1967 2755 kg ha-1) and harvest index (581 474 ) respectively in comparisonto K 0 and K 60 Among the secondary (Magnesium) and micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) during 2015 and 2016 treatmentMg1Zn05B01 showed more number of bolls plant-1 (330 362) boll weight (243 280 g) seed cotton yield (1512 2324 kg ha-1)stalk yield (1622 2708 kg ha-1) and harvest index (525 441 ) when compared with all other treatments

ABSTRACT

emailswethadasari21gmailcom

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) is the mostimportant commercial crop of India cultivated in an areaof 12584 lakh hectare with a productivity of 486 kg lintha-1 which is below the world average of 764 kg ha-1

and in Telangana state the cotton crop is grown in anarea of 1761 lakh ha with the productivity of 486 kgha-1 (Annual report CICR 2019) Changes in the soilfertility caused by the imbalanced use of fertilizers andcontinuous use of high analysis fertilizers withoutorganic manures lead to problems like declining organicmatter and mining of nutrients especially those whichare not applied in sufficient quantities This has lead toan era of multi nutrient deficiencies and widespreaddeficiencies of at least six elements viz nitrogenphosphorus potassium sulphur zinc and boronAmong major nutrients potassium has an importantrole in the translocation of photosynthates from sourceto sink Physiologically K is an essential macronutrientfor plant growth and development While K is not acomponent of any singular plant part K affects manyfundamental physiological processes such as cell pHstabilization regulating plant metabolism by acting asa negative charge neutralizer maintaining cell turgorby acting as an osmiticum activating enzymes andregulating the opening and closing of stomataPotassium is required in large amounts by cotton fornormal crop growth and fiber development Cotton is

more sensitive to potassium availability and oftenshows signs of potassium deficiency in soils notconsidered deficient (Cassman et al 1989) Furtherthe role and importance of potassium in cotton growthand productivity is increasing due to the widespreadpotassium deficiency aggravated due to low potassiumadditions or recommendations

Secondary (Ca Mg S) and micronutrientsespecially Zn B are essential for higher productivity ofcotton Besides increasing nutrient use efficiencyMagnesium is essential for the production of the greenpigment in chlorophyll which is the driving force ofphotosynthesis It is also essential for the metabolismof carbohydrates (sugars)It is necessary for cell divisionand protein formation It is not only an enzyme activatorin the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) butalso regulates uptake of the other essential elementsand serves as a carrier of phosphate compoundsthroughout the plant It also facilitates the translocationof carbohydrates (sugars and starches) enhances theproduction of oils and fats

Micronutrient deficiencies not only hamper cropproductivity but also deteriorate produce qualityMicronutrients requirement though small act as catalystin the uptake and use of macronutrients Nutritionalstatus of plants has a considerable impact on

5

σ 2 variances gca general combining ability sca specific combining ability

Table 3 Estimates of general and specific combining ability variances and degree of dominance fordifferent traits in rice

Character Source of variation Degree ofDominance

( σ 2 sca σ 2 gca)12σ 2 gca σ 2 sca σ 2 gca

σ 2 sca

Days to 50 flowering 4920 4231 116 093

Plant height (cm) 12302 3572 344 054

Number of productive tillers per plant 052 181 029 187

Panicle length (cm) 199 152 131 087

Panicle weight (g) 046 035 131 087

1000 grain weight (g) 523 293 179 075

Number of grains per panicle 103003 87003 187 072

Spikelet fertility () 2547 2013 127 089

Hulling percent 359 1811 020 225

Milling percent 387 1781 022 215

Head Rice Recovery () 372 1926 019 228

Grain yield per plant (g) 1187 1868 064 126

Per day productivity (kg ha-1 day-1) 6644 12744 052 139

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

to 4565 for grain yield (Table 6) and eight hybridsshowed significant positive heterosis Highest significantpositive heterobeltiosis was exhibited in the hybrid JMS14A times RNR 26083 (4545) followed by CMS 64A timesPAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (2880) and CMS23A times RNR 26072 (2769) JMS 14A times RNR 26059(2747) and JMS 14A times RNR 26084 (2726)

Eight hybrids had positive and significantstandard heterosis over check variety (RNR 15048)and the cross JMS 14A times RNR 26083 had shownhighest heterosis of 4914 followed by JMS 14A timesRNR 26059 (3053) and JMS 14A times RNR 26084(3031) Five hybrids exhibited positive and significantstandard heterosis over the hybrid PA 6444 and ofthese highest heterosis was shown by the cross JMS14A times RNR 26083 (3158) followed by JMS 14A timesRNR 26059 (1516) and CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 (1356) Among these JMS 14Atimes RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059 CMS 64A timesPAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23A times RNR26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 were identifiedas potential hybrids with respect to all the characters

based on their perse performance and heterosisestimates Marked variation in the expression ofheterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for yield and yieldcomponents was observed among all the crosscombinations These finding are consistent with thoseof Saravanan et al (2008) Saidaiah et al (2010)Kumar et al (2012) Singh et al (2013) Sharma et al(2013) Pratap et al (2013) Bhati et al (2015)Satheesh kumar et al (2016) Yogita et al (2016) andGalal Bakr Anis et al (2017)

CONCLUSION

Results of the present investigation showedthat none of the hybrids had expressed superiorperformance for all the characters The gca effectsrevealed that among the lines JMS 14A and amongthe testers RNR 26059 RNR 26072 and PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 had significant gca effects in thedesired direction for several traits including grain yieldHence these lines and testers could be considered aspotential donors in improving grain yield per plant andassociated components in development of hybrids in

6

VIRENDER JEET SINGH et alTa

ble

4 E

stim

ates

of g

ener

al c

ombi

ning

abi

lity

effe

cts

of li

nes

and

test

ers

for y

ield

and

yie

ld c

ontr

ibut

ing

char

acte

rs in

rice

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

Pare

nts

Day

s to

Plan

tNu

mbe

r of

Pani

cle

Pani

cle

1000

Num

ber o

fSp

ikel

etHu

lling

Mill

ing

Head

Gra

inPe

r da

y50

he

ight

prod

uctiv

ele

ngth

wei

ght

grai

ngr

ains

per

ferti

lity

perc

ent

perc

ent

rice

yiel

d p

rodu

ctiv

ityflo

wer

ing

(cm

)til

lers

per

(cm

)(g

)w

eigh

tpa

nicl

e

reco

very

per p

lant

(kg

ha-1 d

ay-1)

plan

t(g

)

(g)

LINE

S

CM

S 23

A-4

41

-6

08

-0

04

-03

6

-03

0

189

-2

400

-5

93

-0

29

-01

00

09-1

95

-3

63

CM

S 64

A5

35

084

-0

64

0

260

03-0

03

-21

30

221

70

164

1

08

-02

2-2

55

JMS

14A

317

5

89

021

0

47

039

-0

18

341

8

297

-0

94

-0

97

-0

30

354

7

20

JMS

20A

-41

2

-06

50

47

-03

7

-01

2

-16

7

-80

4

274

-0

47

-0

57

-0

86

-1

37

-1

01

SE

+0

360

370

110

140

030

131

420

220

230

180

190

280

92

TEST

ERS

RN

R 2

6059

-11

4

104

1

-00

51

45

136

1

71

300

8

388

-0

49

-07

6

-03

34

02

116

0

RN

R 2

6072

-52

6

-31

2

017

149

-0

58

-0

81

-3

010

-0

03

186

1

38

176

1

97

901

RN

R 2

6074

-05

12

75

056

0

77

-04

0

058

-1

348

-2

74

-1

21

-0

98

-0

88

0

040

72

RN

R 2

6083

898

16

52

-0

87

1

35

033

1

19

570

-0

12

093

1

28

169

-0

06

-49

3

RN

R 2

6084

-30

5

533

-0

26

011

-01

8

089

-2

344

1

01

049

058

0

23-0

77

-00

07

Pusa

170

-47

2

-21

85

-05

1

-29

9

-10

0

-27

2

-35

00

-03

00

97

092

0

34-3

76

-7

82

1-

10-5

-8

PAU

2K1

0-23

-0

48-5

06

1

04

-05

1

031

1

95

530

-2

04

0

89

138

1

72

094

0

3745

1-2-

37-3

4-0-

3

RP

5898

-54-

523

-4

98

-0

07

-16

7

015

-2

80

00

34

0

36-3

45

-3

82

-4

53

-2

38

-8

95

21

-9-4

-2-2

SE

+0

510

530

150

200

050

182

010

310

320

260

260

401

30

7

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

Tabl

e 5 S

peci

fic c

ombi

ning

abi

lity e

ffect

s fo

r yie

ld c

ontri

butin

g tra

its fo

r the

cro

sses

pos

sess

ing

sign

ifica

nt ef

fect

s fo

r gra

in yi

eld

per p

lant

in ri

ce

Sig

nific

ant a

t 00

5 le

vel

Si

gnific

ant a

t 00

1

CMS

23A

times R

NR

2607

853

-1

07

143

0

301

04

304

23

25

9

84

115

-00

21

05

706

15

17

CM

S 23

A times

RP

5898

--2

96

7

97

-06

30

39-1

12

0

44-2

812

-1

62

447

3

68

518

1

66

331

54-2

1-9-

4-2-

2CM

S 64

A times

RNR

2605

92

47

006

-02

50

40-0

03

122

-9

66

2

66

095

-02

4-1

62

3

23

731

CM

S 64

A times

RNR

2607

45

84

114

-09

4

005

-00

31

80

-58

21

75

191

1

10

137

2

47

188

CMS

64A

times PA

U 2

K10-

084

-07

292

0

080

151

55

-18

03

553

1

131

89

277

6

63

176

1

23-4

51-2

-37-

34-0

-3JM

S 14

A times

RNR

2608

37

87

787

1

24

-05

20

58

172

42

10

0

802

23

228

3

02

936

17

57

JM

S 14

A times

RNR

2608

4-5

75

0

98-1

44

-0

09

-02

1

052

-48

44

03

147

1

31

280

5

01

189

1

JMS

20A

times RN

R 26

074

532

8

88

-13

6

095

0

33

-04

6-1

124

-2

37

5

29

423

4

30

243

3

08JM

S 20

A times

RP

5898

--0

08

046

014

-02

60

89

-04

824

25

0

96-1

225

-1

183

-1

150

3

21

921

54

-21-

9-4-

2-2

SE

+1

031

060

300

400

090

364

030

630

650

520

520

802

61

Hyb

rids

Day

s to

Plan

tNu

mbe

rPa

nicl

ePa

nicl

e10

00Nu

mbe

rSp

ikel

etHu

lling

Mill

ing

Head

ric

eG

rain

Per

day

50

heig

htof

pro

du-

leng

thw

eigh

tgr

ain

of fi

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Table 7 Top ranking hybrids based on mean heterosis and sca effects

S No Hybrids Grain Heterosis Heterosis scayield plant-1 over over effect

(g) varietal hybridcheck () check ()

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN RICE

1 JMS 14A times RNR 26083 4002 4914 3158 936 2 JMS 14A times RNR 26084 3497 3013 1497 501 3 CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451- 3454 2872 1356 566

2-37-34-0-34 CMS 23A times RNR 26072 3428 2772 1268 706 5 CMS 64A times RNR 26059 3422 2751 1220 323

future breeding programmes Finally among 32 hybridsJMS 14A times RNR 26083 JMS 14A times RNR 26059CMS 64A times PAU 2K10-23-451-2-37-34-0-3 CMS 23Atimes RNR 26072 and CMS 64A times RNR 26059 (Table 7)were identified as promising hybrids based on per segrain yield per plant heterosis and specific combiningability which would be further tested in multilocationtrialsREFERENCES

Bhati PK Singh SK Singh R Sharma A andDhurai SY 2015 Estimation of heterosis foryield and yield related traits in rice (Oryza sativaL) SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics47 (4) 467-474

Fonseca S and Patterson FL 1968 Hybrid vigor in aseven-parent diallel cross in common winterwheat (Triticum aestivum L) Crop Science 885

Galal Bakr Anis Ahmed Ibrahem El-Sherif HythamFreeg and Elsaed Farok Arafat 2017Evaluation of some hybrid combinations forexploitation of two-line system heterotic in rice(Oryza sativa L)International Journal of BioScience Agriculture and Technology 8(1) 1-8

Kempthorne O 1957 An introduction genetic statisticJohn Wiley and Sons New York

Kumar Chetan MR Devaraju and Prasad SR2012 Characterization of rice hybrids and theirparental lines based on morphological traitsOryza 49 (4) 302-304

Kumar S Dwivedi SK Singh SS Jha SKLekshmy S Elanchezhian R Singh ON and

Bhatt BP 2014 Identification of drought tolerantrice genotypes by analyzing drought toleranceindices and morpho-physiological traitsSABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics46 (2) 217-230

Panse VG and Sukhatne PV 1967 StatisticalMethods for Agricultural Workers 2nd EditionIndian Council of Agricultural Research NewDelhi

Parimala C 2016 Combining abiliy and heterosis inrice (Oryza sativa L)rdquo PhD Thesis ProfessorJayashankar Telangana State AgriculturalUniversity Hyderabad India

Pratap N Raj Shekhar P K Singh and S K Soni2013 Combining ability gene action andheterosis using CMS lines in hybrid Rice (Oryzasativa L) The Bioscan 8(4) 1521-1528

Rashid M Cheema A A and Ashraf M 2007 Linetimes Tester analysis in Basmati Rice PakistanJournal of Botany 36(6) 2035-2042

Saidaiah P Sudheer Kumar S and Ramesha M S2010 Combining ability studies for developmentof new hybrids in rice over environments Journalof Agricultural Science 2(2) 225-233

Saleem M Y Mirza J I and Haq M A 2010Combining ability analysis for yield and relatedtraits in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) PakistanJournal of Botany 42(1) 627-637

Saravanan K Ramya B Satheesh Kumar Pand Sabesan T 2006 Combining ability foryield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L)Oryza 43(4) 274-277

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Saravanan KT Sabesan and Kumar ST 2008Heterosis for yield and yield components in rice(Oryza sativa L) Advances in Plant Science21(1) 119-121

Sarker U Biswas PS Prasad Band KhalequeMMA 2002 Heterosis and genetic analysis inrice hybrid Pakistan Journal of BiologicalScience 5(1) 1-5

Satheesh Kumar P Saravanan K and Sabesan T2016 Selection of superior genotypes in rice(Oryza sativa L) through combining abilityanalysis International Journal of AgriculturalSciences 12(1) 15-21

Sharma SK Singh SK Nandan R Amita SharmaRavinder Kumar Kumar V and Singh MK2013 Estimation of heterosis and inbreedingdepression for yield and yield related traits inrice (Oryza sativa L) Molecular Plant Breeding29(4) 238-246

Singh SK Vikash Sahu Amita Sharma andPradeep Bhati Kumar 2013 Heterosis for yieldand yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L)Bioinfolet 10(2B) 752-761

Vanaja T Babu L C Radhakrishnan V V andPushkaran K 2003 Combining ability for yieldand yield components in rice varieties of diverseorigin Journal of Tropical Agriculture41(12) 7-15

Yogita Shrivas Parmeshwar Sahu Deepak Sharmaand Nidhi Kujur 2016 Heterosis and combiningability analysis for grain yield and its componenttraits for the development of red rice (OryzaSativa L) hybrids The Ecoscan Special issueVol IX 475-485

Yuan LP Virmani SS and Mao CX 1989 Hybridrice - achievements and future outlook InProgress in irrigated rice research IRRI ManilaPhilippines 219-235

11

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM AND FOLIAR NUTRITION OF SECONDARY (Mg) ANDMICRONUTRIENTS (Zn amp B) ON YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF Bt - COTTON

D SWETHA P LAXMINARAYANA G E CH VIDYASAGAR S NARENDER REDDYand HARISH KUMAR SHARMA

Department of Agronomy College of AgricultureProfessor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University Rajendranagar Hyderabad-500 030

Date of Receipt 13-07-2020 Date of Acceptance 28-08-2020

Research ArticleThe J Res PJTSAU 48 (3amp4) 11-21 2020

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 in split plot design to access the performance ofBt- cotton hybrid (MRC 7201 BGII) at Hyderabad with potassium fertilization (K 0 K 60 and K 90 kg ha-1) as main treatmentsand secondary (Magnesium) and micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) as sub plot treatments Among the potassium levels during boththe years 2015 and 2016 K 90 kg ha-1 recorded significantly more number of bolls plant-1 (344 364) boll weight (24 25 g)seed cotton yield (1941 2591 kg ha-1) stalk yield (1967 2755 kg ha-1) and harvest index (581 474 ) respectively in comparisonto K 0 and K 60 Among the secondary (Magnesium) and micro nutrients (Zinc and Boron) during 2015 and 2016 treatmentMg1Zn05B01 showed more number of bolls plant-1 (330 362) boll weight (243 280 g) seed cotton yield (1512 2324 kg ha-1)stalk yield (1622 2708 kg ha-1) and harvest index (525 441 ) when compared with all other treatments

ABSTRACT

emailswethadasari21gmailcom

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) is the mostimportant commercial crop of India cultivated in an areaof 12584 lakh hectare with a productivity of 486 kg lintha-1 which is below the world average of 764 kg ha-1

and in Telangana state the cotton crop is grown in anarea of 1761 lakh ha with the productivity of 486 kgha-1 (Annual report CICR 2019) Changes in the soilfertility caused by the imbalanced use of fertilizers andcontinuous use of high analysis fertilizers withoutorganic manures lead to problems like declining organicmatter and mining of nutrients especially those whichare not applied in sufficient quantities This has lead toan era of multi nutrient deficiencies and widespreaddeficiencies of at least six elements viz nitrogenphosphorus potassium sulphur zinc and boronAmong major nutrients potassium has an importantrole in the translocation of photosynthates from sourceto sink Physiologically K is an essential macronutrientfor plant growth and development While K is not acomponent of any singular plant part K affects manyfundamental physiological processes such as cell pHstabilization regulating plant metabolism by acting asa negative charge neutralizer maintaining cell turgorby acting as an osmiticum activating enzymes andregulating the opening and closing of stomataPotassium is required in large amounts by cotton fornormal crop growth and fiber development Cotton is

more sensitive to potassium availability and oftenshows signs of potassium deficiency in soils notconsidered deficient (Cassman et al 1989) Furtherthe role and importance of potassium in cotton growthand productivity is increasing due to the widespreadpotassium deficiency aggravated due to low potassiumadditions or recommendations

Secondary (Ca Mg S) and micronutrientsespecially Zn B are essential for higher productivity ofcotton Besides increasing nutrient use efficiencyMagnesium is essential for the production of the greenpigment in chlorophyll which is the driving force ofphotosynthesis It is also essential for the metabolismof carbohydrates (sugars)It is necessary for cell divisionand protein formation It is not only an enzyme activatorin the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) butalso regulates uptake of the other essential elementsand serves as a carrier of phosphate compoundsthroughout the plant It also facilitates the translocationof carbohydrates (sugars and starches) enhances theproduction of oils and fats

Micronutrient deficiencies not only hamper cropproductivity but also deteriorate produce qualityMicronutrients requirement though small act as catalystin the uptake and use of macronutrients Nutritionalstatus of plants has a considerable impact on