Bruno Leys

Dieter ClausMarleen Desoete

Lieven DufourKathleen Van Ryckeghem

NEW Breakaway 2A N E N G L I S H C O U R S E F O R S E C O N D G R A D E T E C H N I C A L S C H O O L S

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Table of Contents

Grammar Vocabulary Functions

Unit 1 (pp. 5-12)

5

simple past tense (+)

irregular verbs

Discussing holidays.

Reconstructing a story.

Discussing past events.

Unit 2 (pp. 13-22)

13

simple past tense (- / ?)

comparative

superlative

countries & nationalities

weather

Asking questions about

the past.

Discussing the weather.

Understanding a

weather forecast.

Comparing things.

Giving and asking for

directions.

Going shopping.

holidays

character traits

Unit 3 (pp. 23-33)

23

prepositions of place

some & any

shops

food

medicine

make-up

clothes

Unit 4 (pp. 34-42)

34

simple present tense

adverbs of frequency

household chores Discussing regular

activities and habits.

Saying how often things

happen.

Unit 5 (pp. 43-56)

43

modal auxiliaries

(must – have to –

needn’t – can – to be

allowed to – used to)

school Expressing obligation,

absence of obligation,

permission and

prohibition.

Discussing past habits.

Discussing school.

Unit 6 (pp. 57-63)

57

going to-future

present continuous

tense

character traits

looks, appearances

hobbies

Describing people.

Discussing future plans

and arrangements.

Using social formulas.

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Grammar Vocabulary Functions

Unit 7 (pp. 64-72)

64

simple future tense

first conditional

should – could

imperatives

character traits Giving advice.

Suggesting things.

Unit 8 (pp. 73-82)

73

moods & feelings Asking questions.

Writing an ending to a

story.

Discussing moods &

feelings.

Unit 9 (pp. 83-90)

83

simple present perfect

tense

past participles

(irregulars)

since & for

hair Discussing what

someone has(n’t) done.

Discussing what has(n’t)

happened.

Unit 10 (pp. 91-97)

91

simple present perfect

tense

body parts

injuries

Discussing dangerous

situations.

Discussing injuries.

Helping an injured per-

son.

Unit 11 (pp. 98-104)

98

much, many & a lot of table items

containers (food, drink)

food

Ordering a meal.

Discussing table man-

ners.

Unit 12 (pp. 105-113)

105

past continuous tense

(vs. simple past tense)

animals Discussing activities

going on in the past.

Investigating a theft.

Writing about a crazy

pet.

Unit 13 (pp. 114-121)

114

first and second condi-

tional

jobs

family relations

Discussing family rela-

tions.

Discussing future possi-

bilities.

Imagining things about

the future.

Unit 14 (pp. 122-128)

122

travel

hotels

Discussing summer

holidays.

Booking a room.

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Grammar Vocabulary Functions

Unit 15 (pp. 129-132)

129

formal – neutral – infor-

mal language

letter Writing letters, email.

Writing dates.

Writing addresses.

Unit 16 (pp.133-134)

133

telephone Making a phone call.

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Unit 1

At the Travel Agent’s

TRAVEL AGENT: Good afternoon. Can Ihelp you?

MR COOPER: You certainly can. I wantmy money back.

TRAVEL AGENT: Why? What’s the matter?MR COOPER: My wife and I booked a

holiday here, but it washardly a bed of roses. Thiswill be our last trip with thisfirm!

MRS COOPER: And our last trip to Spain,too.

TRAVEL AGENT: Please, tell me your nameso that I can check yourdata in the computer.

MR COOPER: Ah, the computer! Peoplethink computers can solveeverything!

MRS COOPER: Cooper. The name’sCooper.

TRAVEL AGENT: Just a minute.Ah … Mr and Mrs Cooper.You booked a trip toBarcelona, a fortnight from1st August till 15th August.You stayed at the PlayaHotel with full board.

MRS COOPER: Full board! The platesweren’t even half full!

MR COOPER: The restaurant was over-crowded, and we alwayshad to wait an hour beforewe got a table.

MRS COOPER: And we always had toshare it with an Americanfamily. They talked tooloudly, and I won’t even

mention their table manners.TRAVEL AGENT: I’m sorry to hear that. I hope the

room was all right.MRS COOPER: All right? No hot water, no air-con-

ditioning, a waterbed that madeus seasick.

MR COOPER: Yes … and we stayed on the 13thfloor, but the lift was out of orderand there were no porters to helpus carry our luggage.

TRAVEL AGENT: Maybe … you enjoyed the city?MR COOPER: Not in the least! The brochure

said: ‘Lose your stress inBarcelona!’ But with all that trafficand noise, we came back over-stressed!

TRAVEL AGENT: I can see that. Barcelona reallywasn’t your cup of tea. I think Iknow the perfect place for you.How about a nice long weekendon the Isle of Wight? It’s free.

MR COOPER: All right, if you insist …

5five

1.1 – 1.2

1

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6 six

1.3 -1.4 – 1.5

2THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE - PRONUNCIATION

to help helpedto check checkedto surf surfed [t] after [k, f, ʃ, p, s]to kiss kissed [coffeeshops]to watch watched

to insist insistedto wait waited [id] after [t, d]to visit visited

to enjoy enjoyedto stay stayed [d] after all other soundsto climb climbed

}}}

OVER TO

▼ The Coopers’ Holiday on the Isle of Wight.Look at the pictures and talkabout the Coopers’ holiday onthe Isle of Wight.Example: They stayed in a tent.

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7seven

▼ And What Did You Do?Talk about your holiday!Example: Last summer I went to the beach. We stayed in a tent and we went swimming every day.

OVER TO

Last year ... ILast spring/…Two/… years ago

went to …the beacha forest (woud)the mountains…

stayed … in a caravanin a tentat a hotelin a youth hostelin a Bed & Breakfastat home…

visited … museumschurchescastlesshopsamusement parksthe zoo…

1.6

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8 eight

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE – POSITIVE (+) – SPELLING

PRESENT PAST

climb climbedvisit visited

We add –ed.

B U T

PRESENT PAST

cycle cycledarrive arrivedagree agreed

▲ If the infinitive ends in –e, we only add –d.

drop droppedbeg begged

If the infinitive is one syllableand has a single vowel letterand a single final consonant, we double the consonant.

prefer preferredpermit permitted

If the infinitive has more than one syllable and the last syllable contains a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant and is stressed, we double the final consonant.

Compare

▲ answer answered▲ the first syllable is stressed!

travel travelledcancel cancelled

If the infinitive ends in –l, preceded by a single vowel letter, we double the final -l.▲ In American spelling the –l is not doubled.

Compare

▲ sail sailed The –l is preceded by ▲ reveal revealed two vowel letters!

➔

➔

➔

➔ ➔

vowel = klinkerconsonant = medeklinkersyllable = lettergreep

stressed = beklemtoond

List of the irregular

verbs: see TB p. 153

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9nine

USE:The simple past tense is PAST = the period is over.(De ‘simple past’ is de verleden tijd = de periode ligt in het verleden.)e.g. yesterday, last week … are signal words.

The common (or SIMPLE) form is used to talk about actions in the past.(De gewone vorm wordt gebruikt om over gebeurtenissen in het verleden te praten.)

1.7 – 1.8 – 1.9 – 1.10 – 1.11 – 1.12

A GAMEPiling UpEvents

A GAMEPiling UpEvents

Your teacher gives you a verb in the past tense (‘sat’ or ‘stood’ or ‘gave’ ...).The first student starts a simple chain of events with his/her verb.e.g. Yesterday I went to town.

The second student continues, repeating the first student’s sentence, butadding a sentence including his/her verb.

e.g. Yesterday I went to town and bought a loaf of bread.

The third student continues likewise.

e.g. Yesterday I went to town and bought a loaf of bread and I sat on a parkbench.

And so on, until all students have contributed, or until the chain has becomeimpossible to remember.

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10 ten

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

We booked a holiday to Denmark lastsummer, a fortnight from 1st July till15th July.At the travel agent’s we found all theinformation, including the prices in abrochure. We enjoyed the trip. Westayed at a hotel in a quiet village: no traffic or noise.

twee wekenreisbureau

inbegrepengenieten vanverblijven in

verkeerlawaai

NEW WORDS

TRANSPARENT WORDS

trip trip, uitstap tent tentfirm firma caravan caravandata data, gegevens to check checken,loud(ly) luid, krachtig controleren(table)manners (tafel)manieren amusement park amusementspark,airconditioning airconditioning, pretpark

klimaatregeling zoo zooseasick zeeziek (un)friendly (on)vriendelijklift lift calm kalmporter portier, kruier alligator alligator, kaaimanstress stress, spanning to slip slippen, uitglijdenoverstressed gestrest,

overspannen

FAMILIAR WORDS

What’s the matter? Wat scheelt er? angry boos, kwaadholiday vakantie talkative praatziek,youth hostel jeugdherberg spraakzaambeach strand silent zwijgzaam, stilbed & to cry huilen, wenen,breakfast (B & B) kamer en ontbijt (roepen)(un)happy (on)gelukkig (im)possible (on)mogelijk(im)patient (on)geduldig sweet(s) snoep(jes)fresh vers

fortnighttravel agent’sincludingto enjoyto stay attrafficnoise

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11eleven

- Did you like your trip to London?- Not in the least! London isn’t

my cup of tea.- Why not?- The place was overcrowded. We

came back overstressed.

The banker wanted to check our data,but the computer was out of order.

You didn’t mention whether you preferred full board, half board orbed and breakfast.

We didn’t want to stay over dinner, butour friends insisted. I must admit: itwas delicious!

I can hardly believe he got into trouble like that.He could always solve his own problems.

Be careful you don’t drop your cup.There will be tea all over the place.

The twelve friends have won the lottery:they share £12 million, which means£1 million each.

I’ll do everything you do.When you stop, I’ll do likewise.

I’m a big supporter of the local footballteam. I never let them down, even ifthey lose.

Porter, could you carry my luggage tothe 12th floor? The cases are so heavyI can’t even lift them.

He crawled on his knees and begged me to come back. I slammed the door in his face and locked it.

Helemaal niet!mijn ding

overvol, overbevolkt

defect

vermeldenvolpension

halfpension

aandringen

nauwelijksmoeilijkheden,

problemenoplossen

laten vallen

delen

evenzo

verliezen

dragenbagage

verdieping

kruipensmeken

met een klapdichtslaan

sluiten

Not in the least!my cup of tea

overcrowded

out of order

to mentionfull boardhalf board

to insist

hardlytrouble

to solve

to drop

to share

likewise

to lose

to carryluggagefloor

to crawlto begto slam

to lock

to lose/loose (= los)

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12 twelve

Vocabulary: - Holidays (TB 5-7)- Character Traits (WB 1.1)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 10-12)

Grammar:- The simple past tense positive (+) (TB 8 - WB 1.6,1.7,1.8)- Irregular verbs (TB 157 - WB 1.9, 1.10)

- Pronounce the simple past tense (TB 6 - WB 1.4,1.5).- Talk about your holidays (TB 7).- Reconstruct a story (WB 1.8).- Talk about past events (TB 9).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Where’s your plate?I’ve made an apple pie. Do you want totaste it?

Sure enough everyone wants to contribute to the cancer fund.

There’s a chain of events on the beachtomorrow night. Do you want to come? They’re free.

Don’t pile up my negative characteristics!I’ll do my best to be morepolite when your mother comes around.

Do you like walking along the seaside ordo you prefer walking in the forest?

Don’t be so fussy!Hide in your room. Stick up a sign thatsays you can’t see anyone today.

Repeat the rules for the spelling andpronunciation of the simple past tense.Add –ed to the infinitives.Write /t/, /d/ or /Id/ next to the forms.Continue till you’ve finished the exercise.

bordtaart

proeven

zo zeker als watbijdragen tot

reeksgebeurtenis,

evenementgratis, (vrij)

opsommen,(opstapelen)

beleefd

woud, bos

zenuwachtig, drukverstoppenaanplakken

herhalen

toevoegen

verdergaan

platepieto taste

sure enoughto contribute to

chainevent

free

to pile up

polite

forest

fussyto hideto stick up

to repeat

to add

to continue

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13thirteen

2.1

2.2 – 2.3

3

A Wet Wedding Anniversary

During her weekly visit to the local supermarket Mrs Cooper spots Rain Rivers, the famous weathergirl.

MRS COOPER Oh Miss Rivers, I’m so happy to see you here. There are a few things I’d like to ask you.

RAIN RIVERS Oh dear!MRS COOPER So sweet of you to call me “dear”. You don’t mind if I call

you “Rain”, do you? “Rivers” sounds so .....wet.RAIN RIVERS Like yesterday’s weather, you mean?MRS COOPER That’s exactly what I wanted to talk to you about.

I didn’t hear you mention any rain in your weather forecast.RAIN RIVERS Maybe, I didn’t but …MRS COOPER My husband and I had planned our wedding anniversary

picnic, relying on your good advice. We didn’t bring our raincoats or umbrellas as you had predicted a bright sunny day.

RAIN RIVERS Where did you go for your picnic?MRS COOPER As usual we went to the Lake District. RAIN RIVERS Did you go on your honeymoon there?MRS COOPER How did you guess? If only you were as good at predicting the weather. But yes,

it’s an old Cooper tradition to get married in the Lake District. The weather wasawful 10 years ago so for our wedding anniversary picnics, we always makesure the weather’s going to be fine. We always put all our trust in you.

RAIN RIVERS Well, we can’t get it right all the time. What did I say about the Lake District?MRS COOPER I actually missed that part as my husband changed channels to look at the Cup

Final. It took me some time to grab the remote control out of his hands, but I’msure I heard you mention a beautiful spring day and then you waved and saidgoodbye.

RAIN RIVERS Do you watch my show every day?MRS COOPER Yes, of course, if my husband lets me.RAIN RIVERS Well, then you should know

that my forecast always ends with the weather for English tourists in Spain.

MRS COOPER Spain?RAIN RIVERS Yes, you should go

there for your picnics. It’s 32° C over there this week.

MRS COOPER Don’t mention Spain to me.

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14 fourteen

2.4 – 2.5 – 2.6

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

POSITIVE (+)

I missed that part.You said goodbye.

subject + simple past

NEGATIVE (-)

I didn’t (did not) hear you mention any rain.We bring our umbrella.

subject + didn’t + infinitivedid not without to

QUESTIONS (?)

Yes/No Questions Short AnswersDid you go on your Yes, I did.

honeymoon there?Did he say that? No, he didn’t.

Did + subject + infinitivewithout to

Question Word QuestionsWhat did I say about the weather?Where you go for your picnic?Who she dance with?

q-word + did + subject + infinitive without to (preposition)

Subject QuestionsWho stayed in the Playa Hotel?What happened to them?

who / what simple past(= subject) +

Negatives and questions with ‘to be’ and ‘can’ never take ‘to do’.e.g.:The Coopers weren’t happy at all.They couldn’t picnic in the open.Was the weather as awful 10 years ago?Who couldn’t get hold of the remote control?

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15fifteen

2.7 – 2.8 – 2.9 – 2.10

2.11 – 2.12

OVER TO▼ When Was The Last Time You …Ask each other a question starting with ‘When was the last time you…?’e.g.: - When was the last time you went to the beach?

to sleep late – to eat spaghetti – to tell a lie – to break something - …

Then ask for more information. You can ask questions like- What was the weather like?- Who did you go with?- When did you arrive home again?- Why did you go?

▼ Vocabulary – Weather

sun sunny spells clouds patches of rain

drizzle rain showers lightning

snow hail frost fog

‘where’ sounds like ‘bear’

‘were’ sounds like ‘her’

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16 sixteen

▼ World Facts

Russia is the biggest country in the world. It covers 6,591,100 square miles.It’s bigger than Canada (3,849,674 sq mi) and the United States (3,618,770 sq mi).

Vatican City is the smallest country in the world. It’s only 0.2 square miles big. It’s smaller thanMonaco (0.8 sq mi) and Nauru (8.1 sq mi).

Monaco, however, has the highest population density (bevolkingsdichtheid). InMonaco you’ll find 42,675 people per square mile. It’s a lot busier than theWestern Sahara, where you can only meet 2.5 inhabitants (inwoners) foreach square mile.

You’ll live longest in Andorra. There the life expectancy (levensver-wachting) is 83.5 years. That’s just a bit longer than San Marino(81.4 years) and Japan (80.9 years). It’s a lot worse when you live in Mozambique. It has thelowest life expectancy, namely 31.3 years. That’sless than Botswana (32.3) and Zambia(35.2).

As a child, you’re most likely to die inMozambique. The country has an infant mor-tality rate (kindersterftecijfer) of 199 for every1000 births. It’s better to be born in Japan,where only 3.3 children die.

Djibouti in Africa must be one of the hottest pla-ces in the world. There is a saying that it’s “too hotfor the devil” over there. It’s certainly hotter than theNorth Pole! (The average temperature in Djibouti inAugust is 45° C, for the North Pole it is below 0°C.)

mile = 1,609 kmsquare mile = 1,609 km2

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17seventeen

2.13

Which are the three highest towers in the world? Probably they are buildingan even higher tower as we speak. The world’s tallest tower can be found inCanada. It’s called The Canadian National Tower (553 m) and can be foundin Toronto. It’s higher than the Ostankino Tower (537m) in Moscow and theOriental Pearl Tower (468m) in Shanghai.

COMPARISONS

adjective comparative superlative

ONE SYLLABLE

cold colder than the coldest +er / estlong longer longest

nice nicer nicest adjective ending inlarge larger largest consonant + e ➔+r/st

hot hotter hottest adjective ending inwet wetter wettest one vowel + one

final consonant =double consonant +er / est

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18 eighteen

TWO SYLLABLES

windy windier windiest adjectives ending infunny funnier funniest consonant + y:

y ➔ ier/iest

clever cleverer cleverest adjectives ending innarrow narrower narrowest -er, -ow, -le:gentle gentler gentlest + er / est

(these adjectives canalso take more / most)

quiet more quiet most quiet others:tired more tired most tired more / most

THREE SYLLABLES OR MORE

exciting more exciting most exciting more / mostinteresting more interesting most interesting

EXCEPTIONS!

good better best

bad worse worstill worse worst

far further furthest most commonfarther farthest

much / many more mostfew fewer fewest with pluralsless lesser least with singular

(uncountable) wordsold older oldest regular form

elder eldest for family members

late later last finallatest most recent

➔

➔➔

➔➔

➔➔

then ≠ than

Comparing Things… than …… as big as…… not as big as …… as much as …

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19nineteen

Did you know?

▼ Useful English expressions with comparisons

as good as gold said of someone with a good heartas good as one’s word true to one’s promiseas thick as thieves two very friendly or intimate peopleas blind as a bat said about people whose eye-sight is badas busy as a bee said about very busy peopleas clear as the nose on your face obvious, easy to recognizeas cold as ice very coldas hot as fire very hotas firm/steady as a rock something or someone very

strong, steadyas fit as a fiddle in excellent physical healthas light as a feather used for things or persons

with very little weightas old as the hills very oldas mad as a hare said about a stupid or strange personas weak as a baby for very weak personsas ugly as a scarecrow for ugly peopleas wet as a drowned rat for someone with wet clothesas proud asa peacock for very proud, vain people

2.14

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xxx

12

11

5

8

7

14

13

9

4

15

65

6

6

10

32

1

Aa

Ab

B

C

D

E

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

17

16

twenty

▼ Continents/Countries Nationalitiescontinents

Aa North America (North) AmericanAb South America (South) American

B Europe EuropeanC Africa AfricanD Asia AsianE Oceania Oceanian

countries

1 The Netherlands Dutch2 Belgium Belgian3 Luxembourg Luxembourger4 Germany German5 France French6 Italy Italian7 Great Britain British8 Ireland Irish9 Denmark Danish

10 Greece Greek11 Portugal Portuguese12 Spain Spanish13 Finland Finnish14 Sweden Swedish15 Austria Austrian16 Switzerland Swiss17 Norway Norwegian

a Australia Australianb China Chinesec Japan Japanesed Brazil Braziliane Argentina Argentineanf South Africa South African

g Russia Russianh USA American

2.15 – 2.16 – 2.17

20

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21twenty-one

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

- It’s Fred and Ginger’s weddingtomorrow. I hope we don’t need anumbrella.Did you see the weather forecast?What did the weathergirl predict? As usual it will probably be an awful wet day.

- Stop being so negative!See the bright side of things. Theywill be very happy together. Bad weather can’t change that! Rely onme.

huwelijk

parapluweersvoorspelling

voorspellenzoals gewoonlijk

waarschijnlijkvreselijk(e)

nat(te)

zonnige, vrolijke

vertrouwen op

NEW WORDS

TRANSPARENT WORDS

during gedurendeweekly wekelijks(e) to wave wuiven, zwaaienlocal loka(a)l(e) tourist toeristsupermarket supermarkt hot heet, zeer warmweather weer devil duivelto plan plannen high hoogtradition traditie nationality nationaliteitto miss missen to mean menen, bedoelen,advice advies, raad betekenenvisit visite, bezoek

FAMILIAR WORDS

to spot opmerken, small kleinin de gaten krijgen low laag, diep

Oh dear! Och (hemel)! to die stervento sound klinken birth geboortehoneymoon huwelijksreis to be born geboren wordensweet zoet, lief tower torencountry land to live leven

life leven

wedding

umbrellaweather forecastto predictas usualprobablyawfulwet

bright

to rely on

a lifeto live

an adviceto advise

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22 twenty-two

- He’s always very busy. What’s themost likely time to find him at home?

- After 10 o’clock maybe, but you’dbetter make sure by giving him aphone call.

We’re going away for a few days.We don’t know exactly when we’ll beback.

Every year on 21st March, my husbandprepares an anniversary dinner tocelebrate the day we’ve met.

My wife doesn’t have any trust in insur-ance companies. They never pay thedamage.

The dog grabbed the bone and ran offwith it.

- Give me the remote control. I wantto know if there’s still an interesting TVprogramme on.

- You should check the magazineinstead of changing channels all thetime.You’re “born tired” as the saying goes.

She wears high heels to make herselflook very tall.

bezig, drukwaarschijnlijk

misschienzich ervan

vergewissen dat

enkelejuist, precies

verjaardags-

vertrouwen

grijpen, pakken

afstandsbediening

gezegde

groot

busylikely

maybeto make sure

a fewexactly

anniversary

trust

to grab

remote control

saying

tall

Vocabulary: - Countries and nationalities (TB 20 - WB 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17)- Weather (TB 15 - WB 2.10)- Vocabulary focus (TB 21-22)

Grammar:- Form of the simple past negative (-) and questions (?) (TB 14 - WB 2.3, 2.4, 2.5,

2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9)- Comparatives and superlatives (TB 17-18 - WB 2.12, 2.13, 2.14)

- Ask each other questions about the past (TB 15).- Talk about the weather (TB 15).- Show that you understand a weather forecast (WB 2.11).- Compare things (TB 17-18 - WB 2.14).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

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23twenty-three

H&M

The Market

Sarah'sRestaurant

Miller'sToyworld

First FloorPub

IndianFood Mark's Electro Shop

The Sandwich

Bar

Sue'sTea

ShopThe Sweet

Shop

Gifts

H&M

Jessop's Department Store

The Market

Camera Art

TheNewsagents

Teens

TheBookShelf

The SockShop

Pizza Hut City BankSupermarket

1st Sport

First Floor

Ground Floor

3.1 – 3.2 – 3.3

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24 twenty-four

The man is under thestairs.

The woman is insidethe shop.

The man comes out ofthe toilets.

The woman is next tothe information desk.

The man comes downthe escalators.

The woman goes up inthe lift.

The man is behind thetelephone box.

The woman is in front ofthe mother- and-baby room.

The man is outside theshopping centre.

The woman is betweenthe lift doors.

The man is oppositethe woman.

The woman is on thesecond floor.

The man walks into thefood court.

The ground floor isabove the basement.

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

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25twenty-five

OVER TOAsk each other questions about places in the shopping centre.

Example:Where’s the bus station? It’s on the ground floor, next to the bookshop.Are there any toilets in the shopping centre? Yes, there are, on the first floor next to the

Sweet Shop. 3.4

Go straight on.Turn left.Turn right.Take the escalators.Pass the Sweet Shop.

▼ DirectionsYou are at themain entrance.Give your partnerdirections.Your partner hasto guess whereyou’re going.

Example:Go straight on till you reach the escalators.Go upstairs to the first floor. … is next to you. (H&M)

3.5 – 3.6

▼ What Can You Buy in These Shops?

A GAMEWheream I?

A GAMEWheream I?

Butcher’s

_ _ _ g

26 twenty-six

Baker’s

Chemist’s

‘sthe baker = the personthe baker’s = the shopAt the baker’s shop.

_ _ _ g

27twenty-seven

Grocer’s

Vegetables

Fruit

_ _ _ g

28 twenty-eight

Dairy products

Clothes shop

_ _ _ g

department store = large shopwhere many kinds of goods aresold in different areas (verdiepingen)supermarket = one store sellingfood, household goods, etc.

29twenty-nine

3.7 – 3.8 – 3.9 – 3.10

SOME & ANY

SOME +

There are some trainers in the window.I’d like some blue socks.

ANY -

I can’t see any T-shirts.There aren’t any brown sweaters.

ANY?

Do you need any help?Have you got any black trousers?

USE: We use some in positivesentences.

USE: We use any in negativesentences and in questions.

Could you show me some white blouses? requests ➔ someWould you like some pink ties?

}OVER TO

Do You Need any Help?

Put in ‘some’ or ‘any’.Do these dialogues orally with your partner.

Customer: Have you got … stockings, please? I didn’t see … tights in the window.Assistant: We have … lovely stockings, but we don’t have … for this cold weather.Customer: I’m also looking for … socks for my brother. Do you have … red socks?Assistant: I can show you … nice socks for boys, but I think there aren’t … red ones.

Customer: Do you have … pencils, please?Assistant: Yes, we have … big boxes of pencils. They’re in eight different colours.Customer: And I’m looking for … tennis balls, too.Assistant: I’m sorry, we don’t have … tennis balls at the moment.

▼ In the Department Store

_ _ _ g

30 thirty

Customer: Hello. Do you need … help?Assistant: Yes, please. I’m looking for … red tights.Customer: I’m sorry, we don’t have … tights in red. What about brown?Assistant: No, thanks. I don’t want … other colour. They must be red.

Customer: Do you have … computer games?Assistant: Yes, we have … new computer games upstairs on the third floor.Customer: Are there … lifts near here?Assistant: No, but there are … escalators over there.

3.11 – 3.12 – 3.13 – 3.14 – 3.15

SHOP ASSISTANT CUSTOMER

Shopping

Hello. Can I help you? I’d like some ................, please

I’d prefer ......................................

Could you show me some ............?

Have you got any ................?

Yes, of course.

(Would you like) anything else?

Would you like some .............?

Let me know if you need any ......

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31thirty-one

SHOP ASSISTANT CUSTOMER

Is that all?

Here you are.

How much are these ...?

How many do you want?

They’re ... pounds.

They’re ... each.

Thank you. That’s £7.5O change.

No, we don’t have any …

Thank you very much.

▼ Shopping

OVER TO

Read the card the teacher givesyou and play the parts of shopassistant and customer.

‘Could you’ is more polite than ‘Can you’.

‘Would you like ...’ and ‘I’dlike’ are the same as ‘Doyou want...’ and ‘I want’but they’re more polite.

3.16 - 3.17 - 3.18

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32 thirty-two

Did you know?

BRITISH MONEY

Britain’s currency (munteenheid) is the pound sterling, written as £ before the figure.One pound consists of 100 pence, written as p with figures.There are £1 and £2 coins (muntstukken) and 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p, 2p and 1p pieces.Paper notes are worth £5, £10, £20 or £50.

BRITISH MEASURES

In Britain a lot of people still do not use the same metrical system as we on the Continent do. Inshops or road signs you will often see these measures being used.

weight: 1 ounce = 28.35g 1 lb (pound) = 453.60g 1 stone = 14 lbs = 6.35kg

distances: 1 inch = 2.54 cm1ft (foot) = 12 inches = 30.48 cm1 yard = 3 feet = 91.44 cm1 mile = 1.609 km

volume: 1 pint = 57 cl1 gallon = 8 pints = 4.54 litres

Time for a laugh

QUESTION:

Why can’t a nose be twelve inches?

ANSWER: Because then itwould be a foot.

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33thirty-three

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

TRANSPARENT WORDS

fruit fruit

FAMILIAR WORDS

shop assistant winkelbediende

NEW WORDS

Every Saturday I do the weekly shop-ping at Jessop’s department store.You find the food court on the groundfloor.There I buy meat, vegetables, fruitand dairy products.On the upper floor you find the clothesdepartment. I needn’t look after the children. Theygo to the basement. There you havethe toys’ department.

At the newsagent’s a lot of customersask if there’s a letterbox nearby sothat they can post their cards.

warenhuis

gelijkvloers

vleesgroenten

zuivelproductenboven-

kelder(verdieping)

klantbrievenbus

departmentstoreground floor

meatvegetablesdairy productsupper

basement

customerletterbox

Vocabulary:- Shops and what you can buy there + the shopping centre (TB 23, 25-28 – WB 3.1,

3.2, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.17)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 33)

Grammar: - Prepositions of place (TB 24 – WB 3.3)- Some & any (TB 29 – WB 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15)

- Give and ask for directions in the shopping centre (TB 25 – WB 3.3, 3.4, 3.5).- Go shopping (TB 29-31 – WB 3.16).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

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34 thirty-four

4.1 – 4.2

No Place like Home

MRS COOPER Ah. There’s no place likehome.

MR COOPER (vacuuming in the back-ground) Honey, I think theliving room is clean now. Can Iwatch Match of the Day, now?Manchester United’s playing.

MRS COOPER Darling, every day I get upfirst, make your breakfast andyou know how much work thatis. Then I go shopping, pay avisit to the hairdresser’s, keepup with the latest gossip. Andyou have nothing better to dothan watch football in youreasy chair.

MR COOPER But pumpkin, I always do thedishes and drive you to thehairdresser’s. Sometimes Ieven do the laundry and theironing. I always listen to yourstories…

MRS COOPER Oh really, you never seem toremember much of them.Yesterday once again you for-got to put the rubbish out. If Idon’t tell you to do something,nothing ever happens in thisplace.

MR COOPER Do you ever stop telling mewhat to do?

MRS COOPER O come on, Alfred. You canbe such a baby.You’d never manage on yourown.

MR COOPER I am never on my own. MRS COOPER I bet you can’t run this house-

hold without my help.MR COOPER You never let me try.MRS COOPER Well, I dare you. If you can

manage on your own for aday, I’ll never tell you what todo any more.

MR COOPER Piece of cake.MRS COOPER Oh yes, please, darling.

4

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35thirty-five

▼ Household Chores

▼ Expressions

▼ Alfred’s Day

to vacuum/hooverto make coffeeto cook/make breakfastto do the dishes/washing upto empty the dishwasherto go shoppingto cook dinner/supperto do the dustingto hang out the washingto clean the windows

to lay/wipe the tableto make the bed(s)to sweepto cleanto tidy upto do the gardeningto put the rubbish outto water the plantsto do the laundryto iron

to iron

the letter ‘r’ is

pronounced as ‘j’.

/aiən/

The place looks like…a mess;a pigsty;a bomb’s hit it.

‘chores’

is pronounced with a/t∫/ like ‘champions’.

4.3

5

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36 thirty-six

_ _ _ _ g

37thirty-seven

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

4.4 – 4.5

POSITIVE (+)

I drive to work.You know how much work that is.We want everything to be done.You wet the kitchen floor.They rush back to work.

I/you/we/they + infinitive without to

He/she (it) forgets his/her car keys.

he/she/it infinitive without to + s

NEGATIVE (-)

I don’t work on Sunday.YouWeThey

He/she/it doesn’t work.

subject + don’t + infinitive without todoesn’t

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?)

Short answers

Do I have to remind you? Yes, you do.Do you stop? No, I don’t.Does he forget his keys? Yes, he does.

(she) No, she doesn’t.(it)

Do we clean the living room?Do they cook bangers and mash?Do you like that dish?

Do / does + subject + infinitive without to

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38 thirty-eight

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

What do I see in that man?Why do you iron that shirt?Why does he forget the sugar?How do we cook spaghetti?How do you manage?Who do they ask for help?What do I have to remind you of?Question + do / + subject + … infinitive without to … (+ preposition)Word does

SUBJECT QUESTIONS (?)

Who likes bangers and mash?What works best?

When who or what are the subject of our question, we do not use to do.(Wanneer de vraagwoorden ‘who’ of ‘what’ onderwerp zijn in de vraag, gebruiken we het hulpwerkwoord ‘to do’ NIET.)

QUESTION TAG QUESTIONS (?)

We mostly use question tag questions when we expect somebody will agree. These are not real questions, but more like statements. These tags have a falling tone.(We gebruiken meestal ‘question tag questions’ als we verwachten dat iemand akkoord zal gaan. Het zijn eigenlijk geen echte vragen, maar meer vaststellingen. De toon van deze ‘tags’ gaat naar omlaag.)

Alfred likes Mrs Cooper, doesn’t he? Yes, he does.Mrs Cooper works in the house, doesn’t she? Yes, she does.

+ - +

positive statement negative tag expected short answer

He doesn’t like housework, does he? No, he doesn’t.She doesn’t spread gossip, does she? No, she doesn’t.

- + -

negative statement positive tag expected short answer

USE: The simple present tense describes regular activities and habits. It’s the common (=simple) form to talk about the present.(De ‘simple present’ beschrijft taken die je regelmatig doet engewoontes. Het is de gewone vorm om over het heden te spreken.)

Question Tag Questionswith to be and can, never take to do!

You can speak English, can’t you?

That’s not your Englishbook, is it?

The tag of ‘I am’ is

‘aren’t I?’

This time I’m right,

aren’t I?4.6

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39thirty-nine

4.7

4.8 – 4.9 – 4.10 – 4.11

A GAMEWhat animal

am I?

A GAMEWhat animal

am I?

One student thinks of an animal. The class asks questions to find out which animal she/he is.Examples:Do you live in water? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. / I don’t know.Are you big? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not./ I don’t know.

If you don’t find the animal after 5 questions, you can also ask question word questions.Examples:What colour are you? I’m black.What sound do you make? I bark.

You can also play this game with other categories: e.g. items of food, TV celebrities, pieces of furniture, buildings and places… 4.12

PRONUNCIATION 3RD PERSON S SIMPLE PRESENTTENSE POSITIVE (+)

Pronunciation of the s in the 3rd person singular:

He cooks. /s/ after /k, f, p, t/ (think of coffeepot)She wants.

She watches. /iz/ after hissing sounds (sisklanken)He chooses.

He vacuums. /z/ after all other soundsIt burns.

SPELLING 3RD PERSON S SIMPLE PRESENT POSITIVE (+)

to work he works infinitive + sto shoot she shoots

to fly he/she/it flies infinitive ending in consonant + yto tidy up he/she/it tidies up y ➔ ies

to buy he/she/it buysto play he/she/it plays infinitive ending in vowel + yto say he/she/it says y + s

to go he/she/it goes infinitive ending in -oto do he/she/it does + es

to wash he/she/it washesto dress he/she/it dresses infinitive ending in ato watch he/she/it watches hissing sound: + es

Some words that can help you.mammal (zoogdier)reptilefishbirdpetgame (wild)

6

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40 forty

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

I always comb my hair before I go out.We usually talk about sports.He often gives me money.We sometimes do the washing up.They never talk to each other.

Subject + adverb + main verb

Watch out!She’s always late.We are often in a hurry.I can never get it right.

Subject + to be/can + adverb

USE: Adverbs of frequency indicate how often things happen.(Adverbs of frequency geven aan hoe vaak iets gebeurt.)

4.13 – 4.14 – 4.15 – 4.16

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

TRANSPARENT WORDS

household huishouden to serve serveren, opdienenbomb bom coffee koffiefootsteps voetstappen to cook kokento kiss kussen horoscope horoscoopto prepare prepareren, helpless hulpeloos

klaarmakenmeal maal,

maaltijd

FAMILIAR WORDS

to get up opstaan microwave microgolfovenkey sleutel bottle fles

_ _ _ g

41forty-one

NEW WORDS

- You aren’t afraid of taking risksare you?I dare you to jump from the bridge intothe river.

- Piece of cake!- I bet you won’t even try it.

Yesterday I came back from school after a tiring day full of boring subjects.My mother reminded me that I still had to cleanmy room. "It looked like a pigsty", she said. Well, for once she was right. It was a mess!I brushed the floor, removed the dust, made my dustbin empty. Finally/At last the place was clean!I felt exhausted.Worst of all my mother prepared bangers and mash. The only dish I don’t like at all!

In a big family, everyone should help torun the household. Don’t complain! A working mum can’t manage on her own.Household chores should be dividedamong all family members.

- Have you already heard the news?- No, I haven’t. Why?- Turn on the television. This afternoon

Liverpool and Manchester United wereplaying. Hooligans spoilt -what must havebeen- the match of the year. Several peo-ple were hit on the head by aggressivefans.Our father is one of the victims.

- I can’t believe my ears! Is he in hospital?- Yes, he is. Come on. Let’s pay him a

visit.

uitdagen

Een makkie!wedden

proberen

vermoeiendeeraan herinneren

schoonmaken

varkensstalwarboel

vegenstof

leeguiteindelijknet, proper

uitgeputhet ergste van

alles

het huishoudendoen

klagenzich redden

alleenhuishoudelijke

taken

al, reeds

aanzetten

slaan

geloveniemand een

bezoekje brengen

to dare

Piece of cake!to betto try

tiringto remindto clean

pigstymessto brushdustemptyfinally / at lastcleanexhaustedworst of all

to run the householdto complainto manageon her ownhousehold chores

already

to turn on

to hit

to believeto pay somebody a visit

_ _ _ g

42 forty-two

- Where can I find the lawnmower?- It’s in the shed.

Take the pizzas, please.I’ll heat them in the oven.They’ll be delicious!

I know your favourite TV-programme ison, but don’t rush to the sofa!You’re holding a cup full of milk. You’ll wet the floor.

It’s freezing outside. We’ll need an extra blanket to keep uswarm.

schuurtje

opwarmenheerlijk

rennenkopje

natmaken

deken

shed

to heatdelicious

to rushcupto wet

blanket

Vocabulary: - Household chores (TB 35 – WB 4.1, 4.2, 4.15)- Vocabulary focus (TB 40-42)

Grammar:- Simple present tense (TB 37-39 – WB 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11)- Adverbs of frequency (TB 40)

- Describe and talk about regular activities and habits. (WB 4.14)- Indicate how often things happen. (WB 4.12, 4.13)

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

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43forty-three

Unit55.1

7

Mad - by Genevieve Petrillo, teacher

1 I love to make my teacher mad.I think it's so much fun.The others in my class agree.I'm not the only one!

5 When it startsHer eyes bug out*,Soon after thatShe starts to shout.

Her face turns red.10 Her lips turn white,

Her hair sticks out,She's quite a sight!

Her voice gets louder with each word,And then she starts to screech*.

15 She screams at levels* I don't thinkA human voice should reach*!

If she has something in her handShe throws it on the floor.If she is standing near the hall,

20 She slams the classroom door.

She bangs her books upon her desk.We try hard not to laugh.She writes so hard upon the boardThe chalk snaps* right in half.

25 I know just what will happenWhen it's MY turn to go wild.She'll likely say, "Oh grow up!Don't act like such a child!!"

* to bug out = uitpuilen* to screech = krijsen* a level = niveau* to reach = bereiken* to snap = breken, knappen

Aaah, you might think schools are the same every-where. And yes indeed, some aspects of school life willbe alike in every country. Take for example this poem:

▼ Schools in Britain

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44 forty-four

OVER TO Discuss the following things with the class:- Do you like it when your teacher gets mad?- Do your teachers behave in the same way?- What do you do to make your teachers angry?

Did you know?In Britain school is compulsory

from the age of five to the age of

sixteen. There are two types of education: the state system, free education, and

the system of public schools, that is private education and very expensive.

Most children follow this route in the state system:

AGE

Some children go to nursery school. There they

play, sing, listen to stories … By doing these

amusing activities they improve their language

and learn simple arithmetic concepts (eenvoudigerekenkundige bewerkingen).

At this age everyone starts primary school. It is

divided into Infant School (ages 5-7) and Junior

School (7-11).

In Infant School children learn to read and write and the basics of

arithmetics.

In Junior School they study history, geography, mathematics,

English and science, and, in some schools, also a foreign language.

Physical education (PE) is usually given twice a week. Outside the nor-

mal timetable there are many activities in which the children can take

part: sports, drama, music and so on.

Many Junior Schools admit pupils on a first-come-first-served basis, so

early application is advised.

Now pupils go to a secondary school. This may be a compre-

hensive school (for pupils with a mixed ability (verschillendecapaciteiten)) or a grammar school (for children selected for their

academic ability (verstandelijke capaciteiten)). All state schools

are free and there is no charge for textbooks or exercise books either.

When the pupils are sixteen years old they take a national exam.

The exam is called the GCSE exam. It is a written examination,

usually in 6 or 7 subjects. This exam marks the end of compulsory

education.

3

5

11

Time for a laugh

TEACHER:

Can anyone give me the nameof a liquid that won’t freeze?PUPIL: Hot water!

Schools in Britain

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45forty-five

They leave school and get a job, or go to a college for vocational (= job) trai-

ning, e.g. hotel management, secretarial courses …; or stay at school for

two more years.

These two years are Sixth Form Colleges which prepare them for university.

At the end of the course the pupils take another exam for an A-level (A

stands for advanced (gevorderd)). This exam is mainly for those who wish to

go on to higher education. The number of subjects varies from 1 to 4, and

3 are usually required (vereist) for entry to university. It is important to get

very good results because the number of places available in the universities

is limited (beperkt).

They leave school and get

a job or

- go to university;

- go to a college for further

education/training

e.g. teaching, business studies

… .

About 7% of British children attend independent schools. Some of these are board-

ing schools, which means that the pupils live there and only go home for holidays.

Independent schools are very expensive but the government provides funds for

very clever children from poorer families if their parents wish to send them to a

public school. But these funds hardly cover the costs of a public

school. The stages in these schools are different:

AGE5 - 8 Pre-preparatory schools.

8-13 Preparatory schools.

13-18 Independent schools.

It’s very difficult to get in these very

exclusive schools. The most famous public

schools are Eton (founded in 1440), Harrow (1571)

and Rugby (1567). These schools offer great sports and other facilities.

16

independent schools=

public schools= what we call ‘private’schools

5.2 – 5.3

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46 forty-six

▼ At William Farr SchoolTake a virtual tour around William Farr School.Hi, my name is Oliver. Let me show you around my school. The school’s called William Farr.

This is the school’s playground. Here the pupils meet inthe morning before they go to the assembly. They’re notallowed to do sports in the morning and of course theycan’t smoke in school, although they can have a drink orsomething to eat.

At 9 o’clock the pupils go to the assembly. After a prayerand a song the headmaster talks about what is going onat the school that day.Today he says that the pupils don’t have to wear their uni-form blazer because it’s so hot outside. Then the lessons start.

This is a pupil in the language lab. French is the firstforeign language at William Farr, and he has to do morehomework for French than for German. That’s bad luck,because he likes German better.

These boys are playing rugby. In this game, you areallowed to run with the ball in your hands. At William Farrthe boys play rugby and football, and the girls playhockey.Let’s go back inside and have a look at some other class-rooms.

This is our computer class. Here we can surf the Internetand practise our computer skills.We’re not allowed to chat or to use e-mail. I really don’tknow why. Let me show you one more thing.

8

_ _ _ _ g

47forty-seven

This is me in home economics. We all have to learn tocook. So we needn’t bring our own lunch to school. Weare allowed to prepare our own food.We must behave in these lessons and not be silly. Wehave a very strict teacher.

I hope you enjoyed this quick tour around my school.What can you tell me about your school?

5.4 - 5.5 – 5.6

MODAL AUXILIARIES

PRESENT PAST

obligation You must come at once.(moeten) In school we have to Grandfather had to wear

wear a uniform. a uniform, too.

absence of obligation You needn’t bring lunch(niet hoeven) to school.

You don’t have to wear Grandfather didn’t have toyour uniform jacket. learn to cook.

permission You can have a drink As a child you could do all(mogen) in the playground. sorts of silly things.

You are allowed to surf When I was young wethe Internet. were allowed to play

outside on the street.

prohibition You can’t chat. When I was young(niet mogen) I couldn’t stay up late.

You’re not allowed to Grandfather wasn’tsmoke here. allowed to sleep late

on Sundays.

You mustn’t behave silly in Home Economics.

5.7 – 5.8 – 5.9 – 5.10 – 5.11

have tois used for external obligation !

There is a silent ‘t’

in mustn’t !

Time for a laughTEACHER: Does anyone know which month has 28 days?PUPIL: All of them!

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48 forty-eight

OVER TO

Of course, every school has different rules, but William Farr is typical of most British Schools. Pupils at William Farr

1 ... have to wear school uniform.2 ... aren’t allowed to wear jeans at school.3 ... aren’t allowed to bring radios or cassette-recorders to school.4 ... can have lunch at school, or they can bring sandwiches.5 ... are allowed to go home for lunch (if they live near the school).6 ... have to do homework every evening.7 ... have to stay at school until 3.45 pm every day.8 ... don’t have to go to school on Saturdays.9 ... have to learn French as their first foreign language.

10 ... don’t have to buy their school textbooks.11 ... are allowed to play with tennis balls in the playground (but not with footballs).

▼ Math Test

▼ More about William Farr School

Linda Knaus Today we have a test in math,

and I’m not even scared.

It’s not because I’ve studied hard

or am the least prepared.

It’s not that I’m a genius

from a family full of brains.

It’s not because I listen well

when Mrs Clark explains.

It’s not because I’m diligent

or focused that I’ll pass.

It’s not because I’m smarter than

the other kids in class.

It’s not because I’m ready,

and it’s not because I’m set.

It’s ’cause my lucky underwear

has never failed me yet.

5.12

Time for a laugh

TEACHER:

I said to draw a cow eating some grass but you'veonly drawn the cow?PUPIL: Yes, the cow ate all the grass!

Time for a laugh

PUPIL:

I don't think I deserved zero onthis test!TEACHER: I agree, but that's thelowest mark I could give you!

9

* diligent: ijverig, vlijtig

_ _ _ g

49forty-nine

Ask your partner questions aboutthe rules in William Farr. "Do they have to wear a schooluniform?" Yes, they do.…

5.13

SCHOOLUNIFORMAll pupils must wear school uniform whilst at school and on school organised

activities, unless otherwise instructed, and we look for the support of all parents

to ensure this. We believe that school uniform has a valuable unifying effect and

helps pupils to take a pride in their personal appearance and identify with the

school community.

Uniform can be obtained from the school’s official suppliers - Schoolwear Centre, SilverStreet, Lincoln

Notes 1 The only jewellery allowed is a wrist watch, one ring and one set of very smallearrings. Extreme hairstyles are not permitted and the school reserves the right to advise parents on what it considers to be extreme.

2 Track suits are not appropriate school dress and must not be worn as outdoor clothing over school blazers.

3 Jeans, denim jackets and similar casual clothing are NOT permitted andtrainers should ONLY be worn for PE.

4 Bags: sports bags and rucksacks are not suitable for school use. Their soft construction causes damage to expensive text books.

Parents should accept that the school reserves the right to decide what is or is notappropriate school uniform.

BOYS’ SCHOOL UNIFORM

Blazer - black with sewn on badge

Shirt - pale blue of conventional school style (NOT denim style)

Trousers - grey (NOT jeans style)

School tie

Socks - plain black, white or grey

Shoes - black

WilliamF A R R

Time for a laughTEACHER: Class, we will have only half a day of school this morning.CLASS: Hooray!TEACHER: We will have the other half this afternoon!

▼ School Uniform

_ _ _ g

50 fifty

P E Equipment

Shorts - black

Shirt - royal blue with amber band

Socks - amber

Training Shoes - please make sure these do not have black soles and are non-marking

Towel

Football Boots

Tracksuit - black or navy (optional and only to be worn in cold weather)

School Sweatshirt*

GIRLS’ SCHOOL UNIFORM

Blazer - black with sewn on badge

Shirt - pale blue of conventional school style (NOT denim style)

Skirt - grey, knee length (long and short skirts are NOT appropriate - NOT jeans style)

Trousers - grey (NOT jeans style)

School tie

Socks - plain black, white or grey

Tights - black or natural

Shoes - black

P E Equipment

Blouse - white

Skirt - black,pleated

Athletic Shorts - black with double white stripe

Socks - short, white

Training Shoes - please make sure these do not have black soles and are non-marking

Hockey Boots

Tracksuit Bottoms- black or navy plain (optional and only to be worn in cold weather)

School Sweatshirt*

All clothing should be clearly marked with the pupil’s name.

* Sweatshirts are available from the PE department.

▼ Discussion1 What do you think of this school uniform?

Would you like to wear it?2 Do you agree with the reasons the

school gives in favour of the uniform?3 Compare the situation with your school

and other schools in your town or country.4 What would the ideal school uniform

be according to you?

5.14 – 5.15

Time for a laugh

TEACHER:

How can you make so manymistakes in just one day?PUPIL: I get up early!

OVER TO

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51fifty-one

10

David Grandpa, tell me about your school days ...Grandpa Oh boy, I used to get up at 6 o'clock, because I had to walk 5 miles to school. There

didn't use to be so many cars, so we couldn't hitch-hike. I never really got used togetting up early, so most of the time I ran to school.

David You don't really look that sporty now.Grandpa Oh we practised a lot of sports in those days.

We used to play cricket in the park and football on the streets.David Did you ever get punished at school?Grandpa Well, in primary school, I used to be a very nice pupil, I might add. But as I grew

older, I became more interested in the pleasant things in life. David Like what?Grandpa Well, you know...David What do you mean?Grandpa There was a girl school next to ours and our sports fields were separated only by a

wooden fence. I once tore my trousers climbing over it.All the girls were laughing and when I got back to my school, I was severely punished.

David Oh no! What was yourpunishment, grandpa?

Grandpa The head teacher hit me tentimes on the backside withhis cane.

David That sounds painful!Grandpa Normally I had the back of

my trousers stuffed withstraw, but this time I had ahole in them. So I couldn'tsit down for the next threedays.

▼ The Golden Years

5.16

Time for a laugh

MOTHER:

How was your first day atschool?SON: It was all right except forsome man called "Teacher"who kept spoiling all our fun!

_ _ _ g

52 fifty-two

USED TO

POSITIVE (+)

I used to walk to school.you used to get up early.he, she, itweyouthey

used to + infinitive without to

NEGATIVE (-)

There didn’t use to be so many cars.Schools didn’t use to be mixed.

didn’t + use to + infinitive without to

QUESTIONS (?)

short answers

Did you use to stay up late? Yes, I did.No, I didn’t.

Where did you use to go in the evening?

(QW) + did + subj. use to + infinitive without to

What used to be your favourite hobby?

Who/what + used to + infinitive without tois the subject

Time for a laugh

PUPIL (ON PHONE): My son has a bad cold and won't be able to come to school today.SCHOOL SECRETARY: Who is this?PUPIL: This is my father speaking!

Time for a laugh

What would you get if you crossed a vampire and a teacher?Lots of blood tests!

_ _ _ g

53fifty-three

USE: ‘Used to’ expresses a past routine or pattern. Sometimes this situation contrasts with the present.(‘Used to’ wordt gebruikt om een gewoonte uit het verleden weer te geven. Die kansoms verschillen met de situatie in het heden.)

Remember that ‘used to’ has no present form, so for present habits we use the simple pre-sent tense.(‘Used to’ heeft geen vorm in de tegenwoordige tijd. Voor gewoontes in het hedengebruiken we de simple present.)

LOOK, LISTEN AND SAY

One sound is silent in these sentences. Watch out!

LOOK,�

LISTEN�� SAY

�

[ t ]

You mustn’t listen to the radio.Mark often makes sandcastles.

[ l ]It’s half past four.Walk! Don’t talk!

[ d ]On Wednesdays wehave sandwiches.

Here are some more words. Say each word.Which letters are silent?

two

hour

climbguest

grandpa

biscuit

know

autumn

answerknuckle

Time for a laugh

SON: I can't go to school today. FATHER: Why not?SON: I don't feel well.FATHER: Where don't you feel well?SON: In school!

5.17

11

_ _ _ g

54 fifty-four

▼ VOCABULARY FOCUS

NEW WORDS

A boarding school is a school that provides board and lodging as well as lessons.

I hope she won’t fail her final exam, so that she can achieve another A-level for entry to university.

Do you really want to stay here although hotel charges are quiteexpensive? Think twice. There must be another solution.

Which foreign languageis a compulsory subject at yourschool?

internaatvoorzien

zakken, mislukkenniveau

toegang, inschrijving

(al)hoewel,ofschoonkost, prijs

duurtweemaal

vreemd(e)verplicht

boarding schoolto provide

to faillevelentry

althoughchargeexpensivetwice

foreigncompulsory

TRANSPARENT WORDS

to act acteren,handelen, doen

uniform uniformprivate privéamusing amusantsporty sportiefsecondary school secundaire schooleducation educatie,

opvoedingpleasant plezantstraw stro

FAMILIAR WORDS

indeed inderdaad to smoke rokenvoice stem silly dom, dwaashuman menselijk chalk krijt

_ _ _ g

55fifty-five

My knowledge of maths is not goodenough. I want to improve it. It willrequire a lot more practice.

In the early years stricthead teachers wouldpunish the children with a cane.

- Why are you looking so worried?- I don’t want to hitch-hike! - Grow up! Don’t act like a child. Say

a little prayer and nothing will happen.- Don’t laugh at me!

I’m really scared!

When the criminal heard about hispunishment, he shouted his disapproval.He screamed that there was no justicein this country. He banged his fist onthe table and started to tear his clothes. It was quite a sight!

For safety children from nursery school and primary schoolare separated by a wooden fence.

How awful to have a husband who snores!He keeps you awake all night!

Tomorrow the English teacher will divide the class in two groups. We’llhave a debate about the large amountof money people spend on tobaccoevery year. Do you want to take partin that discussion?

Fewer people attend church these days.

There are the Olsen twins.I don’t know who is who.They’re so alike.

verbeterenvragen, vereisen

strengschooldirecteur/-directrice

straffenrieten stok

liftenvolwassen worden

gebedlachen

bang zijn

strafschreeuwen

gillenslaan

scheurengezicht,

schouwspelkleuterschoollagere school

scheidenhouten

omheining

snurken

verdelenhoeveelheid

deelnemen aan

bijwonen, bezoeken

gelijk

to improveto require

stricthead teacherto punishcane

to hitch-hiketo grow upprayerto laughto be scared

punishmentto shoutto screamto bangto tearsight

nursery schoolprimary schoolto separatewoodenfence

to snore

to divideamount

to take part in

to attend

alike

_ _ _ g

56 fifty-six

Vocabulary: - School subjects (TB 44 - WB 5.2)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 54-56)

Grammar:- Modal auxiliaries (can, have to …) (TB 47 - WB 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11)

(used to) (TB 52 - WB 5.16, 5.17)

- Read and show understanding of, and enjoy, poems, letters and texts about Britishschool life (TB 43-46, 48-50 - WB 5.3, 5.4, 5.12, 5.14).

- Express obligation, absence of obligation, permission and prohibition (TB 47 - WB 5.5,5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11).

- Talk about past events (TB 52 - WB 5.17).- Express your opinion about school uniform (TB 50).- Discuss school rules (TB 48-50 - WB 5.13).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Do you like this poem?It’s written by Kenn Nesbitt.I have to learn it for drama class.

I must see the dentist.There’s a hole in my tooth.

gedicht

toneel, expressie

gat

poem

drama

hole

_ _ _ g

57fifty-seven

6.1▼ Describing People

6.2 - 6.3 - 6.4 - 6.5

12First Date

SANDY: Sandwich, 01304 627136.BRUCE: Hello, is that Sandy speaking?SANDY: Yes, that’s me all right. But who are you?BRUCE: I’m Bruce from Brighton. I saw your ad in the paper. It really touched me.SANDY: Oh, really? What exactly did you like about me then?BRUCE: Oh, you’re blonde, slim and you like lasagne.

What more can fulfil a man’s dream.SANDY: Oh Bruce, you make me blush …BRUCE: I think we might be a perfect match. I read you were seeking for a tall, dark hand-

some man who loves animals and you know what! I have a goldfish!

_ _ _ g

58

SANDY: How interesting. You certainly fit my description.BRUCE: I think we should meet and get to know each other

more intimately.SANDY: That sounds like a great idea to me!BRUCE: What about next Friday?SANDY: Oh dear! On Friday evening I’m playing table tennis

with my ex.BRUCE: And Saturday? I’m sure you won’t be meeting him

then?SANDY: Oh no, of course not, once a week is more than

enough.BRUCE: So Saturday is the date then?SANDY: I’m afraid not …BRUCE: Oh dear …SANDY: My grandchildren are staying for the night.BRUCE: Grandchildren? You didn’t really mention your age in the ad …SANDY: Well, if you really want to know I still feel like I’m in my twenties. My exact age is not

important.BRUCE: I guess you’re right. As they say, life begins at 40.SANDY: I’m glad you see it that way, too. And by the way, Sunday is still free.BRUCE: Let me check my diary … I’m dining with my mother but I think I can cancel that.

You sound like more fun than my mother.SANDY: Oh great. That’s settled then. What are we going to do?BRUCE: We could go to an

Italian restaurant.SANDY: Oh yes. Are we going

to see a film first?BRUCE: Why not? ‘Titanic 2’ is

playing at the Odeon.SANDY: Hmm … I love roman-

tic movies. I fear I’mgoing to cry a lotthough.

BRUCE: Don’t worry, Sandy.I’m going to hold yourhand when that hap-pens.

SANDY: OK, Bruce. I’ll seeyou Sunday at 7.30pm.

BRUCE: Until then I can hardlywait. I’m sure it’sgoing to be such afine evening.

SANDY: Bye, bye, …

Did you know?Sandwich is a town on the south-east coast of Kent. The 4th Earl(graaf) of Sandwich (1718-92) issaid to have invented the sandwich as a quick and easy meal to eat while gambling. An English sandwich consists of two or moreslices of bread and butter with meat or cheese in between,eaten with the hands. It often has a triangular shape.

6.6

fifty-eight

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59fifty-nine

GOING TO - FUTURE

POSITIVE (+) AND NEGATIVE (-)

I am (not) going to see a film.You are (not) play the guitar.WeTheyHe is (not) fly to New Orleans.She It

subject to be (not) going to infinitive without to

QUESTIONS (?)

(Why) are (not) you going to cry?wethey

(When) is (not) he study?sheit

(What) am I eat?

(question to be (not) subject going to infinitive without toword)

Who is she going to talk to?What are they going to play with?

We place the prepositions in questions at the end.

In informal spokenlanguage (and songs)you often hear ‘gonna’for ‘going to’.

USE: We use the going to-future to talk about intentions orplans.(We gebruiken de going to-future om te zeggen wat wevan plan zijn (niet) te doen.)e.g. We’re going to watch TV all evening.

We also use the going to-future when we see the future in the present.(We gebruiken de going to-future ook wanneer we vanuit het heden kunnen veronderstellen wat er in de toekomst zal gebeuren.)e.g. I’m sure it’s going to be such a fine evening.

I fear I’m going to cry a lot though. 6.7

_ _ _ g

60 sixty

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FORMIf you don’t remember how to form the present continuous tense, consult your grammarsurvey, page 146.

USEWe use the present continuous to talk about the future for arrangements.(We gebruiken de present continuous wanneer we het hebben over afspraken in de toekomst.)e.g. I’m dining with my mother on Sunday.

REMEMBERWe also use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening now.(We gebruiken de present continuous ook om te praten over zaken die nu aan hetgebeuren zijn.)e.g. It’s raining right now.The children are playing basketball at the moment.

6.8 - 6.9

▼ Hobbies

surfing the Net

playing aninstrument

dancing listening tomusic

ice-skating skateboarding horse-riding skiing

_ _ _ g

61sixty-one

playing tennis/basket-ball/football

swimming reading shopping

playing computer

gameschatting watching TV going to the

cinema

6.10 - 6.11 – 6.12 – 6.13

Social FormulasHow do you do?Pleased to meet you.

Have a good time.Have a nice day.Best of luck. Good luck.Congratulations.Great!

I beg your pardon.Excuse me.Do you mind …?I’m sorry.

Oh dear!Oh really?How interesting!

It’s (quite) all right.Never mind.Don’t worry.You’re welcome.Help yourself.

_ _ _ g

62 sixty-two

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

NEW WORDS

- Last week I read this ad in the paper.It gave a description of a wonderfulcottage. The one I’ve been seekingfor ages!The one that could fulfil all my dreams!Finally a place to settle!

- Didn’t you call the owner?- Yes, I did and I had an appointment,

too. But I had to cancel it, though.- Why?- An emergency at work.

When I got back, it was already sold!

What a gorgeous sight!The mountains seem to touch theclouds.

- Don’t worry! I think I’ve found the perfect match for you: ahandsome, sensitive and sincereyoung man.

ad(vertisement)(news)paperdescriptionto seekto fulfil

to settle

to cancel

though

gorgeous

to touch

to worrymatchhandsome

sincere

TRANSPARENT WORDS

blonde blond sensitive sensitief, gevoeligto dream dromen attractive attractief,intimately intiem, vertrouwelijk aantrekkelijkto dine dineren, eten humorous humoristischromantic romantisch friendship vriendschapromance romance, creative creatief

romantisch verhaal

FAMILIAR WORDS

grandchild(ren) kleinkind(eren)diary dagboekgood-looking knap, mooi

advertentiekrant

beschrijvingzoeken

vervullen, waarmaken

wonen, zich vestigen

annuleren, afzeggen

toch

schitterend,prachtig

aanraken

zich zorgen makenpartij

mooi, knap (vanmannen)

eerlijk, oprecht

_ _ _ g

63sixty-three

Vocabulary:- Describing people (TB 57 – WB 6.2, 6.3, 6.4)- Hobbies (TB 60-61 – WB 6.7, 6.8)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 62-63)

Grammar: - The going to-future positive (+), negative (-) and questions (?) (TB 59 – WB 6.7)- The present continuous tense (TB 60 – WB 6.8)

- Describe people (WB 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4).- Talk and write about plans and arrangements in the future (TB 59-60 – WB 6.6, 6.7,

6.8, 6.9).- Use social English (TB 61 – WB 6.10, 6.11, 6.12).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

Someone who fits in with yourdesires. A chance you only get oncein a lifetime. Why are you blushing?

- I’m not. By the way, you needn’t bemy marriage counsellor anymore. I’vejust met a caring and kind manmyself.

- Oh, I’m so glad for you! Can youdescribe him? Is he fair, black orginger haired?

- Come with me. I’ll tell you all abouthim.

She has been divorced for one yearnow, but she doesn’t fear the encounter with her ex in court.

passen bijeens, eenmaal

blozenà propos, tussen

haakjeszorgzame, attentelieve, vriendelijke

blij, verheugdbeschrijven

blondmet rood haar

vrezen, bang zijnontmoeting

to fit in withonceto blushby the way

caringkindgladto describefairginger haired

to fearencounter

_ _ _ g

64 sixty-four

7.1

The Date

Bruce and Sandy ar enjoying a romantic candle-lit dinner.

SANDY Oh Bruce, I really loved that film. I neverthought the Titanic would sink again.

BRUCE Let’s talk about something else, Sandy,or I’ll start crying again.

SANDY Don’t worry about that. I like men whocan show their emotions. There’s nothingto be ashamed of.

BRUCE I think we will be very happy together,Sandy. You’re so sweet and understand-ing.

SANDY Please stop or you’ll make me blush.BRUCE You’ll never believe what was in my horo-

scope today.SANDY No, I won’t. I don’t believe in horoscopes.BRUCE Normally, I don’t either, but this is too

amazing to be a coincidence.SANDY You’re making me curious.BRUCE Listen to this, I cut it out of this morning’s

newspaper.“Darker times lie ahead of you”.

SANDY I thought you felt happy with me. BRUCE Of course I do, but don’t you get it?

Darker times, the cinema…, it’s prettydark in a cinema, isn’t it?

SANDY Oh, I see.BRUCE There’s even more. It also said:

“You‘ll find money in an unexpectedplace.”

SANDY And?BRUCE Look what I found under my cinema seat!SANDY 50 p, congratulations, Bruce!BRUCE And then it also said: “Water will be an

important element during the comingdays”.

SANDY And you cried throughout the film.

BRUCE Well yes, but I actually meant that theship was full of water.And it might be a coincidence, but whathave you just ordered?

SANDY Mmm, a mineral water, I suppose.BRUCE Exactly. And last but not least it said: “You

won’t be lonely”.SANDY That’s so cute. You are talking about us,

aren’t you?BRUCE Well, yes, that too, but my mother’s

coming over tomorrow. You’re more thanwelcome to join us.

SANDY Listen to what my horoscope said: “Youwon’t be lucky in love”.

BRUCE Well, they can’t always be right, canthey?

7.2— 7.3

13

_ _ _ _ g

65sixty-five

LOOK,�

LISTEN�� SAY

�

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

POSITIVE (+)

I ‘ll like it.You willHe / She / ItWeYouThey

SUBJECT + ‘ll + infinitive will without to

NEGATIVE (-)

I won’t work.You will not

SUBJECT + won’t + infinitive will not without to

QUESTIONS (?)

Yes/No Questions Short answers

Will my dreams come true? Yes, they will.No, they won’t.

Will + subject + infinitive without to

Question Word QuestionsWhat will the weather be like?QW + will + subject +infinitive without to

Subject QuestionsWho will win the lottery?Who/What + will + infinitive without to

= SUBJECT

USE:It is the common form (=simple) to talk about the future (=future); it is used for predictionsabout the future, for promises and sudden decisions.(Het is de gewone vorm om over de toekomst te spreken; wordt gebruikt voor voorspellin-gen, beloftes en plotse beslissingen.)

7.4 - 7.5 - 7.6 - 7.7

7.8 - 7.9 - 7.10 - 7.11 - 7.12

Signs of the ZodiacLISTEN AND REPEAT

Capricorn – Aquarius – Pisces - Aries – Taurus – Gemini – Cancer – Leo

Virgo – Libra – Scorpio – Sagittarius

14

_ _ _ g

66 sixty-six

▼ Problem Page

THE HEADINGS

1. A LOT TO HIDE2. SPENDING SPREES3. I WANT ONE4. EMBARRASSING MOMENTS

THE LETTERS

7.13

A A couple of my friends from school came

home with me the other night and I could

have died of shame. My dad had got home

early from work and he and my mum were

sitting on the sofa kissing and hugging as if

they were teenagers. They act this way all the

time. They walk hand in hand along the

street.

She’s forever putting her head on his

shoulder. She wears tight jeans to show off.

None of my friends’ parents behave like this.

This is so annoying and terribly embarrassing

for me.

I’m too ashamed to ask friends home again.

Should I tell them how I feel? I am 15. They

are both in their forties and have been mar-

ried for 18 years.

Susan

D

Hey! This

may sou

nd strang

e,

but it’s

becoming s

erious now

. I

can’t stop

spending

my money

on

silly things

like com

puter gam

es,

DVDs, ga

dgets and

sweets.

I’m spend

ing as qu

ickly as

I’m

earning po

cket money

.

Can you

help me o

ut?

Dave

C

I’m sixteen, 1.73 m, and weigh between 60 and63 kilos. My lifestyle is to work out regularly

and eat healthily in order to look the way I do.But to the point: I can’t get rid of the fat on my

thighs.I think I should have surgery to get rid of it. My

boyfriend says he will stand behind whatever Idecide and he will love me either way.

Do you think this is a good reason to have aliposuction or am I being selfish?

Amy

BI’ve just turned sixteen and want

to have a motorbike.All my friends already have one,

but my parents simply won’t let me

have one.I want to spend my own pocket

money, but they won’t change their

mind. They keep repeating that it’s far

too dangerous.How can I convince them?Simon

_ _ _ g

●Your parents may have some reasons

for thinking a motorbike is too dange-

rous for you.First you have to convince them that

you’re a responsible person in traffic.

You could suggest taking drivinglessons.Why don’t you promise them you’ll

never speed and always wear a helmet?

Why not take them for a ride the first

time, so you can show them how safely

you drive?If they trust you, they will let you have

what you want.You could also ask your grandparents

whether your parents ever had a motor-

bike.

67sixty-seven

THE ANSWERS

■Ashamed of your loving parents, are you? They

should be ashamed of you if they read the letter

you sent me.

They’d wonder what they’d done to deserve

such a daughter. Every child should have such

loving parents.

You don’t know how lucky you are. If you could

read some of the letters I get from people your

age, you would be down on your knees, thanking

the good Lord for your mum and dad.

I think it’s great that they are still in love and

not ashamed to show it. You could try to under-

stand your parents’ point of view.

You shouldn’t be ashamed of your parents. I

hope, one day, you will find a loving partner who

will want the whole world to see how lovely you

are.

▲

You could always entrust your

money to someone. You should

ask your parents to help you

budget until this phase passes.

Avoid shopping areas and only

leave a small amount of money

in your bank account.

If nothing seems to help, you will

need professional advice.

★

Selfish? If you have a liposuction, you

will look and feel a lot better.

A friend of mine had a lipo and she

looks beautiful. But she also said it

hurt a lot.

Ask yourself whether it’s worth the

pain, risk and money. A lipo is much

more serious than a visit to the hair-

dresser’s.

■ = square● = circle▲ = triangle★ = star

▼ What’s your opinion on the suggested answers?START YOUR SENTENCES LIKE THIS:

- I think that …- I don’t think that …- In my opinion …- I believe that …- I don’t believe that …- …

OVER TO

_ _ _ g

68 sixty-eight

GIVING ADVICE – SUGGESTING THINGS

Ask yourself whether it’s worth the pain, risk and money.Avoid shopping areas and only leave a small amountof money in your bank account.

You shouldn’t be ashamed of your parents.You should ask your parents to help you budget untilthis phase passes.

You could try to understand your parents’ point of view.You could suggest taking driving lessons.

Why not take them for a ride the first time?

Why don’t you promise them you’ll never speed andalways wear a helmet?

with imperatives

with should / shouldn’t + infinitive without to

with could + infinitive without to

Why not + infinitive without to

Why don’t you + infinitive without to

OVER TO

▼ AdviceGive the following people advice.

7.14

_ _ _ g

69sixty-nine

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If-clauseIf you smile more often,If you do your homework now,If it rains,If you fall, If + simple present tense,

Sometimes the main clause comes first:Your life will be perfect, if you follow my advice.

Main clauseyou will find life a lot easier.you won’t have anything to do tomorrow.I won’t go to the seaside.I will catch you.simple future tense (= will/won’t + infinitive without to)

Use : The first conditional expresses a future possibility. It can be used in advice and suggestions.(De first conditional drukt een mogelijke situatie in de toekomst uit. Je kunt de vormgebruiken om suggesties te doen of advies te geven.)

OVER TO

▼ Give adviceGive advice, using these sentences:

Ifyou go out without your anorak,you stay up too late,it’s dark outside and you’rehome alone,you eat too many sweets,you don’t get up now,

you’llyou won’t

be late for school.feel scared.want any lunch.get very cold.feel tired tomorrow morning.

▼ Say what you’ll do if…OVER TO

Say what you will do if….

- If I get rich, I’ll buy …- If I forget my best friend’s birthday, she/he’ll…- If I don’t have my books on me, my teacher

will/won’t …- If I lose my pocket money, …

In what situations will you do this?

- If …, I’ll call an ambulance.- If …, I’ll give it away.- He’ll send you to the headmaster, if …- I’ll lend you the money, if…

7.15 - 7.16 - 7.17 - 7.18

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70 seventy

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

Mark works very hard. He earns £ 2000a month. His wife however is pretty selfish. She’s only interested in her ownneeds and doesn’t care about others.Last but not least she enjoys a spending spree. She spends as quickly asMark earns. He really doesn’t deserve this.

Most of the time it’s not fat people whodecide to get rid of the extra kilos. They aren’t ashamed of how much theyweigh. It’s other people’s reactions thathurt them and make them change their minds. It’s so embarrassing for them.

NEW WORDS

TRANSPARENT WORDS

to sink zinkenemotion emotie, ontroering restless rusteloos, onrustigcurious curieus, nieuwsgierig practical praktischmineral water mineraalwater perfectionist perfectionisthelmet helm artistic artistiekrisk risico passionate passioneel,to budget het budget (plan hartstochtelijk

van uitgaven) optimistic optimistischopmaken pessimistic pessimistisch

impulsive impulsief idealistic idealistischenergetic energiek

FAMILIAR WORDS

to show tonen, laten zien pocket money zakgeldCongratulations! Gefeliciteerd! to the point ter zaketo order bestellen strange vreemdlonely eenzaam to suggest voorstellen,simply eenvoudig, aanraden

gewoonweg

to earnprettyselfish

last but notleastto deserve

to decideto get rid ofto be ashamed ofto weighto hurtto change your mindembarrassing

(geld) verdienentamelijk, vrij

egoïstisch

’t laatste, maar niet ’t minste

verdienen, rechthebben op

beslissenkwijtraken

beschaamd zijn overwegen

pijn doenvan idee veranderen

gênant(e),pijnlijk(e)

_ _ _ g

71seventy-one

Give me 10 reasons why I should trust you! It’s annoying to see how youshow off when my boyfriend’saround. It’s a shame!Behave yourself! Don’t make eyes athim. Convince me thatyou’re a reliable person and that you’renot after my boyfriend.

You should avoid problems! From mypoint of view you shouldn’t entrust thenew assistant with so much money.

- You’re down on your knees, but it won’t help you.You’re not driving thatmotorbike again until you prove to be a responsible driver.

- Mum, that’s not fair!I promise you I’ll neverspeed again.Please, be understanding!

- Not this time. Your fatherstands behind my decision.

- Where’s Lisa?- She’s in Turkey.- Where is she staying?- I can’t tell. She’s travelling

throughout the country. Sherang me up yesterday. It wasalready late, so it was quiteunexpected.

- Standard time in Turkey is two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

- Oh, I see.

That child is hugging her doll.It’s so cute.

reasonto trustannoyingto show offshameto behaveto convincereliable

to avoidpoint of view

to be down onyour knees

responsible

to promiseto speed understanding

to stand behind

throughout

unexpected

ahead

to hugcute

redenvertrouwen

ergerlijk, vervelendzich aanstellen, opscheppen

schandezich gedragen

overtuigenbetrouwbaar

vermijdenoogpunt, standpunt

op de knieën vallen,smeken

verantwoordelijk(e)

belovenversnellen, opdrijven

begripvol

achter iets of iemandstaan, steunen

helemaal door

onverwacht

voor (op)

omhelzen, liefkozenaardig, snoezig

_ _ _ g

72 seventy-two

- What a coincidence meetingyou here.

- Will you join us for a walk?- With pleasure!

Let’s compare the star signs!Leo are the most generous.Gemini are the wittiest sign of the zodiac.Aquarius are touchier than Capricorn.Scorpio are the most secretive.Pisces are romantic, but idle.Libra can’t easily make decisions, they’re indecisive.Taurus don’t easily give in, they’re stubborn.Cancer are rather shy.Sagittarius like themselves a lot, they’reboastful.Capricorn are more rational than Ariesand Virgo.

toeval

meekomen, meegaan

mild, vrijgeviggeestig, schrander

lichtgeraaktgesloten, terughoudend

lui, doelloos

besluiteloos

koppigverlegen

opschepperig, bluffendredelijk, verstandelijk

coincidence

to join

generouswitty

touchysecretiveidle

indecisive

stubbornshy

boastfulrational

Vocabulary: - Character traits (WB 7.9, 7.10)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 70-72)

Grammar:- The simple future (TB 65 - WB 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6)- First conditional (TB 69 - WB 7.14, 7.15 )- Giving advice (TB 68)

- Talk about the future (TB 65 - WB 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7).- Give advice (TB 68 - WB 7.14, 7.15).- Write an answer to a letter (WB 7.16).- Write a horoscope (WB 7.12).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

_ _ _ g

73

8.1 - 8.2

15

The Canterville Ghost

SPEAKER: An American family comes to live

in England. Their name is Otis.

They are looking for a house, and

they buy Canterville Chase, an old

English castle. There are

frightening stories about a ghost in

the castle. But the Americans

don't listen to the stories. They

aren't scared of ghosts.

At first nothing happens. Then one

night there is a strange noise in

the castle. Mr Otis gets up. When

he opens his bedroom door...

This is a short theatre-version of thestory written by Oscar Wilde (1856-1900).

VIRGINIA: Hello. My name is Virginia Otis.

I'm American but I have lived in

England all my life. That's be-

cause my father works here.

Our new home is a beautiful old

English house. It's like a castle, it’s

so big! It's called Canterville

Chase.

SPEAKER: Before we start we must tell you a

bit about Canterville Chase. Well,

it all happened more than a hun-

dred years ago. The Otis family

came to England in 1885. Mr 0tis

and his wife looked for a house.

They found Canterville Chase,

and decided1 to buy it. But they

soon heard some very strange

stories about the house.

People said to them "Don't buy

Canterville Chase! It's haunted2 !

Didn't you know?" Haunted?! Well,

Mr Otis just said,

MR OTIS: (steps forward)

"We're Americans. We don't be-

lieve in ghosts! We want to buy

Canterville Chase and we want to

live there. If there's a ghost in the

house, well OK, we'll buy the

ghost, too!"

SPEAKER: So they bought the house - and

they all arrived at Canterville

Chase on a lovely July evening.

Virginia with her parents, her big

brother Washington, and her two

little brothers, Tom and Tim ...

(Scene I: The living-room at Canterville

Chase. In the middle of the room, there is a

table, with tea things on it. Mrs Umney is

standing at the door. Mr Otis, Mrs Otis and

Virginia come in first. Washington and the

two smaller boys come in with bags. )

MRS UMNEY: Welcome to Canterville Chase!

Please come in!

MR OTIS: Thank you, Mrs Umney. Well,

here we are - in our new home!

MRS OTIS: What a fantastic house! - What do

you think of it, Virginia?

VIRGINIA: I think I'll like it very much, Mother.

(Tom and Tim are running round the table now.

Tom is running after Tim. They are laughing and

having fun.)

THE CHARACTERS

Mr and Mrs Otis

Their daughter Virginia Otis

Their sons: Washington, Tom, Tim

Mrs Umney, the housekeeper

Speaker

Ghost

1 to decide: beslissen2 It’s haunted!: Het is een spookhuis!

seventy-three

_ _ _ g

74 seventy-four

MRS UMNEY: Tea is ready, madam.

MRS OTIS: Thank you, Mrs Umney. Come to

the table, all of you. Stop it, you

two boys! That's enough! Now

come and sit down, so we can

have tea together.

(They all sit down. Mrs Umney goes out and

comes back with a big teapot. She gives them all

tea. They take biscuits and cake, and start to eat

and drink. Mrs Otis looks round the room.

Suddenly she sees a red stain3 on the floor. She

points to4 it.)

MRS OTIS: Oh look, Mrs Umney! There's a

very bad stain on the floor!

(Tom gets up from his chair. He runs round the

table. Tim runs after him. They look at the stain.)

TOM: Ugh! A big red stain! It looks like

blood!

TIM: Blood! Ugh! It's a bloodstain!

MRS UMNEY: Yes, that's right, dear. It's blood.

MR OTIS: Blood? Well, we don't want blood

on the floor. Please clean it up,

Mrs Umney.

MRS UMNEY: Sorry, sir, but I can't. It's the blood

of Lady Eleanore Canterville. She

died in 1575. Her husband5 , Sir

Simon Canterville, murdered6 her

here in this room.

MRS OTIS: Murdered his wife? In this room?

How terrible!

MRS UMNEY: Yes, madam. I think you all know

about the ghost here at Canterville

Chase.

WASHINGTON: Well, we know there are

stories about a ghost, yes!

MRS UMNEY: They aren't just stories, young

man. It is the ghost of Sir Simon

Canterville. He murdered Lady

Eleanore in this room and he lived

in this house for nine years after

that. Then he suddenly disappea-

red7 . Nobody knows what happe-

ned to him. They never found his

body. But his ghost is still here, at

Canterville Chase!

TIM: A ghost! A ghost! Come on, Tom!

Let's go and look for the

Canterville Ghost!

TOM: Yeah! Let's look through all the

rooms. Ghost! Ghost! We're

coming!

VIRGINIA: The poor ghost! Why must he

haunt the house for so many

years?

(They run out of the room. They make a lot of

noise.)

MRS UMNEY: And that old blood stain is still on

the floor here. Nobody can clean it

up.

WASHINGTON: Wait. Let me try. We've got a

bottle of stain

remover8 in one of our bags.

(He gets the bottle from a bag and wipes9 over

the stain with the stain remover.)

WASHINGTON: You see? This American stain

remover is very good. The stain is

gone now!

3 a stain: een vlek4 to point to: wijzen naar5 a husband: een echtgenoot6 to murder: vermoorden7 to disappear: verdwijnen8 a stain remover: een ontvlekkingsmiddel9 to wipe: vegen

_ _ _ g

75seventy-five

MRS UMNEY: Ah - but it will be there on the floor

again tomorrow morning.

(There is lightning at the window.)

MRS OTIS: (not afraid) Oh, lightning! Maybe

that's the end of the good

weather.

MRS UMNEY: I sometimes see terrible things

here, so I often can't sleep at

night. Terrible things happen in

this house!

(There is a loud noise of thunder.)

VIRGINIA: Listen to that thunder.

SPEAKER: Well, they didn't see the ghost that

night. But the bloodstain was on

the floor again the next morning.

Washington cleaned it up. But

every morning the terrible red

stain was there again! Washington

said: "Well, it really must be the

ghost!" Then, on the third night,

the ghost appeared10 ...

(Scene II: Upstairs at Canterville Chase. There

are two doors. One is Mr and Mrs Otis’s

bedroom door. The other one is the little boys'

bedroom door. Moonlight from a small window

is the only light.)

On the left the ghost appears. He is a terrible old

man, with long, white hair and an untidy beard. He

is wearing a long white shirt. Heavy chains11 are

hanging from his arms and legs. He is very slow -

but with every step there is a loud noise from the

chains. Mr Otis opens his door and comes out with

a candle.

MR OTIS: What's that terrible noise? And

who is this? Ah, it must be Sir

Simon Canterville. My dear sir,

you really must oil12 those chains!

They're making a terrible noise out

here. You woke me up with it! -

Look what I have for you. (He

takes a small bottle and puts it on

a table.) Here's a bottle of very

good hair oil. It's American! Try it!

I'm sure it'll help. (He goes back

into his bedroom and closes the

door.)

GHOST: (in an angry whisper13 ) Hair oil

for my chains! Hair oil!! He has no

respect for me. No respect for the

great ghost of Canterville Chase?

Americans, eh? Pah! I'll show

them! They'll be sorry they ever

came to this house!

(He walks towards the

window, and gives a terrible

laugh). Ha ha ha! Ha ha ha

haaaaa!!

(Suddenly the door on the right opens, and Tim

and Tom come out. They have both got pillows in

their arms.)

TOM: There he is, Tim!

TIM: Yeah!! Silly old ghost! We aren't

scared of you!

TOM: Ready, Tim? OK, one, two, three,

NOW!!

(They throw the pillows. One pillow hits the ghost.

The ghost shakes his fist at 14 the two boys and

runs off the stage.)

10 to appear: verschijnen11 a chain: een ketting12 to oil: oliën13 a whisper: gefluister14 to shake your fist at: je vuist opsteken naar

_ _ _ _ g

76 seventy-six

SPEAKER: Tim and Tom played a lot of tricks

on him. Once they put pieces of

string15 across the corridor - and

he tripped and fell. Then they put

butter at the top of the stairs, and

he fell down again! Nobody in the

family was scared of him - he just

couldn't believe it! So he decided

to take his revenge16 . Again and

again he tried to scare them at

night, but his tricks didn't work.

One day, when Virginia was

upstairs, she saw that one of the

doors was open. So she went in -

just to see who was there. And

there was the ghost! ...

(Scene III: A room with a small chair at the

window. The ghost is sitting there. He is

looking out of the window.)

VIRGINIA: Oh!! Mr Ghost - er Sir Simon! I

didn't know you were here!

GHOST: (in an unhappy voice) Oh, Miss

Virginia, it's you! Oh, l am so

unhappy! Please, help me, Miss

Virginia! Everyone in your family

laughs at me!

VIRGINIA: I don't laugh at you.

GHOST: But your brothers! They have no

respect for me! They play tricks on

me. It's so unfair.

VIRGINIA: Unfair? But you wanted to scare

people in this house. Wasn't that

unfair? And you murdered your

wife! How can you forget that?

GHOST: That was a long, long time ago.

I'm sorry about it now, but I can

find no peace. I can never leave

this house. I can never sleep!

Three hundred years without

sleep! I’m so tired.

VIRGINIA: Poor, poor ghost! How can I help

you?

GHOST: Do you know the old Canterville

rhyme?

VIRGINIA: Yes, I know it off by heart:

When a child gives its tears17

To charm away18 the old, old

fears,

Then will all the house be still

And peace will come to

Canterville.

But what does this mean?

GHOST: It means that if you are really

sorry for me, your tears will save

me. And I will find peace - and

death.

VIRGINIA: (with tears) Oh, poor ghost. Of

course, I feel sorry for you.

(They go off the stage)

SPEAKER: (in a slow voice) Nobody ever

saw the ghost again. The charm19

was broken now, and the ghost

was at peace.

15 a string: een snoer, een koord16 to take revenge: wraak nemen17 a tear: een traan18 to charm away: wegtoveren19 the charm: de betovering

8.3 - 8.4 - 8.5

_ _ _ _ g

77seventy-seven

to be scared to be afraidto be frightened to be terrified

to be angry to be madto be cross

to be sadto be unhappyto be upsetto be bored

to be shy to be ashamed to be embarrassed

to be nervous to be fed up to be sick and tired

to be disappointed to be jealous to be worried

to be shocked to be disgusted

to be cheerful to be happyto be delightedto be excited

to be proud to be surprised

MOODS AND FEELINGS

8.6 - 8.7

_ _ _ g

78 seventy-eight

positive feelingsto feel on top of the world: to feel very happy indeedto be on cloud nine: to be happy, pleasedto be in high spirits: to be lively, enjoying thingsto be as fit as a fiddle: to feel very fit indeed

negative feelingsa face as long as a fiddle: to look very sad, depressedto be down in the dumps: to be very sadto be in a mood: to be in a bad temperto feel under the weather: to not feel very wellto feel blue: to feel sad

fearto be scared stiff: to be very scaredto frighten the life out of someone: to frighten someone a lotto be shaking in your shoes: to be trembling with fear

Idioms: Moods and Feelings

8.8

▼ House with GhostLook at the title of the text and the picture and discuss:

- Why would this house be on sale?- Would you want to live in a house with a ghost?- What about most people?

OVER TO

8.9

For Sale: House with Ghost A man selling his two-bedroomed house for £38,000, hasadded an unusual condition - the ghost must stay.

Ray Ronson, 37, from Barry, south Wales, wants the future

owners to leave the spirit in peace.

Mr Ronson and his wife Maureen became aware of their ghost

- nicknamed Tom - after moving to the house in 1997.

At first the couple were frightened and took to sleeping in

their car outside to get away from him.

But they gradually grew fond of the ghost and gave him a name.

Mr Ronson wants to make sure that no one will try to exorcise

their ghost.

_ _ _ g

79seventy-nine

The sales contract mentions that Tom must not

be banished from the property.

"We noticed the presence just after we moved in

and started to decorate," said Mr Ronson.

"Things would go missing and then turn up in

unusual places and there were areas of the house

that were very cold.”

'Pretty Unusual' "I also saw something in the bedroom. We called

in a priest who talked to the ghost and after that

things settled down. We have grown quite fond of

him. But we want to move to a bigger house and

both of us agree that it is important Tom stays

here where he belongs."

Hugh Dunsmore-Hardy, of the National

Association of Estate Agents, said: "It is a pretty

unusual request. In the end it comes down to

whether you believe in the supernatural or not."

News BBC, 22 November, 2000

8.10 - 8.11 - 8.12

16

LOOK,�

LISTEN�� SAY

�

LISTEN AND REPEAT:

[�] as in cup

My mother went to London by bus.

I love nuts and honey on Sunday.

You mustn’t worry, says uncle Buck.

You’re not ugly, you’re wonderful.

8.13 - 8.14 - 8.15

_ _ _ g

80 eighty

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

Terrible things happened in that oldhouse down the street. The ownermurdered his wife. There were blood-stains all over the corridor.The neighbours became aware of themurder when they heard the womanscream. When the police turned up,they could only notice her death.

Don’t cry over that boy!Save your tears. He’s notworth it.

On this city trip, the guide pointed to an old castle that has beenhaunted for years.

vreselijk(e)eigenaar

vermoordenvlek

ganggewaarworden

opdagenvaststellen, vermelden

dood

sparen, bewarentraan

wijzen naarbezocht door geesten

NEW WORDS

TRANSPARENT WORDS

ghost geest, spook respect respectcastle kasteel unfair onfair, oneerlijkfantastic fantastisch condition conditie,

voorwaardeblood bloed to decorate decoreren,

versierenstep stap priest priesterto oil oliën

FAMILIAR WORDS

poor armto be sorry about something spijt hebben over ietspeace vrede, rustsupernatural bovennatuurlijk

terribleownerto murderstaincorridorto becomeaware ofto turn upto noticedeath

to savetear

to point tohaunted

_ _ _ g

81eighty-one

The prince once met a beautiful girl.Her name was Cinderella. He graduallygrew fond of her, but attwelve o’clock sharp shesuddenly disappeared.She tripped on the stairs and lost oneshoe. The charm was broken. Herbeautiful clothes were charmed away.Her only fear was that he should seeher like this. But he didn’t. Ever since the prince has been lookingfor her. He won’t find peace until he hasfound her.

He’s a very strange person.His clothes are worn out. His hair and beard are untidy. He looks so tired. He alwaysappears in places where you don’texpect him.His presence scares people.

When you want to sleep in the car, takeyour pillow. You may need it.

When this man had trouble untying thisstring, we couldn’t help laughing athim. He came towards us and shookhis fist.

The Scots believe ghosts haunt most oftheir castles.They tell frightening stories about people trying to banish/exorcise thesespirits.

Leave my property. It belongs to me.You can’t play here!

Wait until the children havesettled down before you start your les-son.

geleidelijk van iem. beginnen

houdenplots

verdwijnenstruikelen

betoveringwegtoveren

vrees, angst

slordigmoe

verschijnen

aanwezigheidbang maken

kussen

koord, touwtjelachen met, uitlachen

naar…toevuist

rondwaren in, spoken

angstaanjagendeuitdrijven, verjagen

geest

eigendomtoebehoren aan

tot rust komen,bedaren

gradually to grow fond ofsomeonesuddenlyto disappearto tripcharmto charm awayfear

untidytiredto appear

presenceto scare

pillow

stringto laugh attowardsfist

to haunt

frighteningto banish/toexorcisespirit

propertyto belong to

to settle down

_ _ _ g

82 eighty-two

- Whispers are going roundthat Peter’s house is on sale. Don’tyou find this unusual?

- No, I don’t. Peter has always wantedto sell his house someday.

- Do you and your family have a housekeeper?

- No, we don’t. Our house is not that big and my motheris home all the time.

I don’t believe in revenge. An eye foran eye, that’s for primitive people.

At my request they played my mother’sfavourite song on the radio. It was onher 70th birthday.

I’ve spoilt my new blouse!Do you have a good stain remover?

- What took you so long?- I had to learn this poem by heart for

drama class. It wasn’t easy at all.

gefluister, geruchtte koop

ongewoon

verkopen

huishoudster

wraak

verzoek

ontvlekkingsmiddel

van buiten

whisperon saleunusual

to sell

housekeeper

revenge

request

stain remover

by heart

Vocabulary: - Moods & Feelings (TB 77-78 – WB 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 80-82)

- Listen for information (WB 8.2).- Pronounce the [�] sound (TB 79 – WB 8.13).- Pronounce the ea-sound (WB 8.14).- Formulate questions (WB 8.4).- Read and understand a text (WB 8.9, 8.11).- Write an ending to a story (WB 8.11).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

_ _ _ g

83eighty-three

17

An Awful Day

MRS COOPER Hello darling. I’m home! I’ve had anawful day.

MR COOPER I can see that! What have you done?MRS COOPER I haven’t done anything. The hairdress-

er did this to me. I can’t believe it. Thishas never happened to me before. Henormally does his job well.

MR COOPER So he should for that kind of money!I presume you haven’t paid for thetreatment?

MRS COOPER Of course not! He didn’t look toohappy either.He drove me home so no one couldsee me.I’ve never felt so miserable in my life.

MR COOPER Oh dear, oh dear! Worse things havehappened.

MRS COOPER What?MR COOPER Well … hum … I can’t think of anything

right now, but there must be some-thing.

MRS COOPER Why me?

OVER TO

▼ What has the hairdresser done?BEFORE AFTER

The hairdresser hasburned her hair.

The hairdresser hascut all her hair.

The hairdresser hasdyed her hair green.

The hairdresser hascurled her hair.

The hairdresser hasput dreadlocks in her hair.

_ _ _ g

84 eighty-four

EXPRESSIONS WITH “HAIR”

to get in a person’s hair= to get on someone’s nerves

Keep your hair on.= don’t get angry

to take a hair of the dog that bit you= cure a hangover with a drink

to let your hair down= to go wild, behave without inhibitions

* wtihout inhibitions: zonder remmingen

to a hair= exactly

It makes my hair stand on end.= to be horrified

▼ DID YOU KNOW?

SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

POSITIVE (+)

IYouHeSheItWeYouThey

Subject

AND

‘vehave‘shas

‘vehave

‘ve (have)‘s (has)

NEGATIVE (-)

(not) washed

tidied up

called

past participle

the car.

the house.

the police.

9.1 - 9.2

Careful! Short formsHe’s working.

(He is working.)He’s worked.

(He has worked.)

past participle = voltooid deelwoord

_ _ _ g

85

The spelling and pronunciation of the regular past participles is the same as the simplepast form. Check TB page 148.

For the list of irregular past participles check TB page 153.

QUESTIONS (?)

Watch out! In subject questions the question word is the subject!e.g.:

Who has never been to London?What has happened to Mrs Cooper?

Use:Examples:

Oh no! They’ve broken into my house!

Oh dear! I’ve forgotten your birthday!

Hurray! I’ve won the lottery!

The speaker uses the simple present perfect tense when a present situation or state (present)makes him look back to the past (perfect). There is no stress on the duration (simple).(Je gebruikt de simple present perfect tense als je vanuit het heden terugkijkt naar het ver-leden. De duur wordt niet benadrukt.)

Signal words: yet, already, since …, for …., just

Examples:Star Wars 13 is on tonight. I haven’t seen that film yet.Tidy up my room? I’ve already cleaned my room twice today!I’m worried. She hasn’t called since last Friday.Amanda? I’ve known her for ages.Don’t sit down. I’ve just painted that bench.

WhoWhere

(questionword)

Have

Has

hashave

have/has

you

she

sheyou

subject

lost

seen

kissed?been

past participle

your watch?

that movie?

all night?

Yes, I have.No, I haven’t.Yes, she has.No, she hasn’t.

SHORT ANSWERS

eighty-five

_ _ _ g

86 eighty-six

LOOK,�

LISTEN�� SAY

�

Sometimes the letters in irregular forms are the same, but the sound is different.First listen to the sentences, then read them.

1. Do you want to read this book? – No, thank you. I’ve already read it.2. Let’s do our homework together. – Oh, I’ve just done it.3. I’ll drive now. – Thanks. I’ve driven a long way.4. Why don’t you want to hear that joke? – Because I’ve heard it so often!

Now listen and say these sentences. What are the infinitives? Compare the sounds.

5. I've just written a letter. 6. He has gone to the cinema. 7. They've already said goodbye. 8. Where have you hidden my pen?

I’ve already had breakfast.

I’ve just heard somegood news!

Have you done yourhomework yet?

OVER TO

▼ Look at the pictures and say what has happened

they – to have

he – to lose weight

she – to cut

I - to forget

I - to miss

9.3 - 9.4 - 9.5 - 9.6 - 9.7 - 9.8 - 9.9

_ _ _ g

87eighty-seven

OVER TO

▼ Find out what your partner has(n’t) done today.

Example:Have you had breakfast yet? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.Have you already had breakfast?

to have breakfastto listen to musicto make your bedto watch TVto check your e-mailto kiss someone…

OVER TO

Example: “You look happy.” - “Yes, I’ve just heard some good news.”

You look ...Yes, I’ve just ...

scaredwin a prize

excited

angry

tired

happy

miserable

...

see a ghost

find some money under my bed

cut my hand/...

remember a nice/terrible dream

hear some good/bad news

run a long way have a nice surprise

start/finish my homework

...

▼ Dialogues Use the ideas to make little dialogues.

9.10 - 9.11 - 9.12 - 9.13 - 9.14

_ _ _ g

88 eighty-eight

A GAMEHave you ever …?

A GAMEHave you ever …?

Your teacher will give you a set of cards. You pick one card andmake a question using the simple present perfect tense. Youaddress it to someone in your class, whose answer you expect tobe ‘Yes, I have.’You score one point if the answer is positive.

If the answer is indeed positive, you can ask two extra questions to find out more. For everycorrect extra question, you get another point.Mind! For the extra questions you will have to use the simple past tense.

example:to forget a birthday

- Have you ever forgotten a birthday?- Yes, I have.- Whose birthday was it?- My mother’s.- When did that happen?- Last year.

_ _ _ g

89eighty-nine

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

- Why are you wearing sun-glasses in winter?

- I had a fight with my little brother yesterday andI just want to hide my black eye.

- Let me see. You look awful.

- I know. I feel verymiserable.

- I presume you won’t fightagain.

One of my fellow pupils got seriouslyinjured during the P.E. lesson.The headmaster called for an ambu-lance. The boy has to stay in hospitalfor further treatment.

The criminal covered up his head witha towel, so that no-one could take pictures of him.

Does her hair curl naturally?

ellendigveronderstellen,

aannemen

behandeling

verbergen, toedekkenhanddoek

krullen

NEW WORDS

TRANSPARENT WORDS

just juist, net, zopassince sinds, sedert

FAMILIAR WORDS

not yet nog nietfor (5 years) gedurende, al

miserableto presume

treatment

to cover uptowel

to curl

I’ve lived here since 2003.I’ve been married for twenty years.

_ _ _ g

90 ninety

Yesterday my mother noticed her firstgrey hairs. She immediately went to thehairdresser and asked him to dye herhair.

When their idol finally appeared onstage, several of the girls fainted andhad to be carried off the field.

The bullet struck his head and he waskilled on the spot.

verven (van haar,kledij)

flauwvallen

ter plaatse,onmiddellijk

to dye

to faint

on the spot

Vocabulary: - Vocabulary Focus (TB 89-90)

Grammar:- Irregular past participles (TB 157)- Simple present perfect sense (positive, negative, questions) (TB 84-85 - WB 9.2, 9.3,

9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.14)- Since and For (WB 9.13)

- Say what someone has(n’t) done (TB 87 - WB 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12).- Say what has(n’t) happened (TB 86 - WB 9.6, 9.14).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

_ _ _ g

91ninety-one

19

An Unpleasant Surprise

Sandy returns from a game of table tennis with her ex. There she finds her lover Bruce lyingon he ground...

SANDY Oh, Bruce, dear, what are youdoing down there on the floor?What has happened?

BRUCE I feel pain all over. A terrible acci-dent has happened! I can’t get upanymore.

SANDY Poor thing, let me help you onto thesofa.

BRUCE Ow…. Ooooo….. Ouch, that hurts!SANDY That’s better. Now tell me what you

have done this time.BRUCE I was thinking of celebrating our first

month together and wanted to cookour favourite meal for you.

SANDY Oh, that’s so cute!BRUCE It started when I took the lasagna

from the freezer. I had forgotten toclose the cupboard door, so Ibumped my head against it when Istood up. I felt so dizzy that I stum-bled around the kitchen and hit mytoe against the kitchen table. I thinkit’s broken.

SANDY Oh, how awful!BRUCE Hang on, there’s more to come. I

managed to get up again and putthe lasagna in the oven. On closingthe oven door my finger got stuck. Iimmediately pulled it out and toreoff my finger nail.

SANDY That must have been so painful!BRUCE It still is.

SANDY Yes, of course my dear, but how didyou end up lying on the hall floor?

BRUCE I was in such agony that I called forthe doctor. I was in the veranda lay-ing the table when the door bellrang. I hurried towards the frontdoor, but had forgotten that I hadclosed the veranda door behindme, so I walked right though theglass door. I think I have broken mynose.

SANDY Oh no!BRUCE There were glass splinters every-

where and I carefully tried to avoidthem on my way to the front door. Imanaged to reach the living roomwithout any further trouble.However, on entering the hall I trip-ped over the new carpet we boughtlast week. I felt a terrible pain in myright knee and elbow. I think I’vetwisted my elbow and broken myknee. I knew the doctor was soclose, but I just couldn’t get up any-more. I’ve never felt so helpless inall my life.

SANDY Don’t worry, dear, it’s all over now. I’llcall an ambulance right away. Bythe way, what’s thatsmell coming fromthe kitchen?

BRUCE Oh no, my lasagna…

10.1 - 10.2 - 10.3

_ _ _ _ g

92 ninety-two

▼ VOCABULARYINJURIES

1 a black eye 6 a bruise2 a broken leg 7 a cut (finger)3 a bump 8 a twisted ankle4 burnt fingers 9 a nosebleed5 electrocution

OVER TO

▼ Watch out!Have a look at the picture. - How many dangerous things can you

see in the kitchen?- What may happen?

10.4 - 10.5 - 10.6

1

3

2

4

5

976

8

light stove

iron

knife

ladder

fridge

drill

_ _ _ g

93ninety-three

HELPER VICTIM

How to help an injured person

Are you all right? Have you hurt yourself?Can you stand up/ move?

It looks serious.You mustn’t move.You must keep warm.Don’t worry.I’d better call an ambulance / a doctor.I’ll try to stop the bleeding.

I’m OK / fine / all right.There’s something wrong with …I think I’ve …

OVER TO▼ An AccidentSomeone has fallen off his/her bike.You want to help him/her.Make dialogues with your partner. Use phrases from the grid above.

10.7

_ _ _ g

94 ninety-four

▼ Reading for fun: SAFETY INSTRUCTIONSMay be harmful (schadelijk) if swallowed (slikken).Product Warnings

If you take your time you can read the funniest things on product warnings. You know: thesepieces of paper that are always included in the box of a new product. Normally nobody readsthese things, but we took the time to find some of the strangest warnings. Here they are:

• “For external use only!” – on a curling iron (krultang).• On the same curling iron: “Warning: This product can burn eyes.”• This is what we read on the instructions for a hair dryer:

- “Do not use in shower.”- “Do not use while sleeping.”

• “Do not place this product into any electronic equipment (apparatuur).” – On the case of achocolate CD in a gift basket.

• “Do not drive with sunshield (zonnescherm) in place.” – On a cardboard (karton) sunshield thatkeeps the sun off the dashboard.

• Maybe you want to read this when you get too hungry: “Do not eat toner (inkt).” – On a tonercartridge (inktpatroon) for a laser printer.

• “This product is not to be used in bathrooms.” – On a Holmes bathroom heater.• “Do not use orally” – On a toilet bowl cleaning brush.• “Please keep out of children.” – On a butcher’s knife.• “Not suitable for children aged 36 months or less.” – On a birthday card for a 1 year old.• This one is well known: “Do not use for drying pets.” – In the manual for a microwave oven.• “For use by trained personnel only.” – On a can of air freshener.• “Warning: Do not climb inside this bag and zip it up. Doing so will cause injury and death.”

– A label inside a protective (beschermend) bag for fragile objects, which measures 15 cm by15 cm by 12 cm.

• While we're talking about things that cause death:”Beware! To touch these wires (draad) means instant death.Anyone found doing so will be prosecuted (vervolgd).” – On asign at a railroad station.

So, after having read these silly things, you’ll probably startreading product warnings very intensively. By the way, a lastand very important warning: “Do not use orally after using rectally.” – In the instructionsfor an electric thermometer.

_ _ _ g

95ninety-five

Did you know?

THE NUMBER FOR THE

- emergency services: 999 (UK) or 911 (USA and Canada)

- ‘talking clock’: 123

- UK Operator (inlichtingen): 100

- International Operator: 155

- Directory Enquiries (vragen ivm telefoongids): 192-

Did you know?

to feel fit:

to be as fit as a fiddleto be bursting with healthto be as fresh as a daisyto be safe and sound

to die:

to kick the bucketto pass onto be six feet underto pass awayto be with one foot in the graveto be pushing up the daisies

▼ Expressions about health, illness and death

_ _ _ g

96 ninety-six

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

I was painting my fingernailsand toenails when the bell rang.

I carefully filled in the crosswordpuzzle, pulled it out of the magazineand immediately sent it to the addressmentioned on top of the page. I reallyhope I’ll win the 10 DVDs.

Yesterday, a terrible accident happened. A car bumped into the carin front.The unlucky man, who had fallenasleep, was badly injured. He was insuch agony and cried for help. Mybrother called an ambulance. They hadto cut the safety-belts with a knife anduse a drill to get the victim out of thecar.

Last week I wanted to celebrate my30th birthday and invited my bestfriends to have a drink at my place.After work, I hurried to the shop to get

nagel

zorgvuldiguittrekken

onmiddellijk

botsen

gewondhevige pijn

mesboor

slachtoffer

vieren

NEW WORDS

nail

carefullyto pull outimmediately

to bump

injuredagony

knifedrillvictim

to celebrate

TRANSPARENT WORDS

unpleasant niet plezant, onaangenaam light licht

ground grond ladder ladderaccident accident, freezer diepvries

ongeluk, ongeval

FAMILIAR WORDS

to end up eindigen, tenslotte terechtkomen

_ _ _ g

97ninety-seven

some drinks and snacks. When I arrived at my apartment, I gotstuck in the elevator. It took the repair-men 2 hours to set me free. Happybirthday!

Don’t pick up the broken glass or you’llget a splinter into your finger.

- What’s in the casserole on the stove?- It’s mutton stew.- What a nice smell!

I was ironing my new blouse when thedoorbell rang.I rushed to the door and stumbled overmy son’s toys on the ground. I fell andhit my head against the table. Stilldizzy I opened the door.No one! Probably some children havingfun!Hang on. There’s more to come. When Icame back, I noticed I’d left the iron onmy blouse. It had burned a hole in it.How awfully stupid of me!

vastzitten

splinter, scherf

fornuis

geur

struikelen

tegenduizelig

Wacht even.strijkijzer

to get stuck

splinter

stove

smell

to stumble

againstdizzy

Hang on.iron

Vocabulary: - Body parts (WB 10.1,10.2)- Injuries (TB 92 – WB 10.1,10.2, 10.3)- Vocabulary focus (TB 96-97)

Grammar:- The simple present perfect tense (WB 10.5)

- Talk about dangerous situations (TB 92 – WB 10.3).- Help an injured person (TB 93 – WB 10.5).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

_ _ _ g

98 ninety-eight

At the Restaurant

The Coopers have booked a table in the exqui-site restaurant “Pie in the Sky”.

WAITER Good evening, can I help you?MR COOPER Yes, we’ve booked a table for

two. The name’s Cooper.MRS COOPER My husband writes for the

Good Food Guide, you know.WAITER I know, but wasn’t it the

Michelin Guide last time?MRS COOPER That table near the window

looks ever so cosy.WAITER Yes, we reserve that one for

our very special guests. Can Isuggest the table in the cornerfor the two of you? It’s nearthe kitchen door, so you mightcatch a glimpse of the workgoing on in the kitchen.

MRS COOPER Oh Alfred, that’ll be perfect foryour article.

MR COOPER What article? …MRS COOPER Alfred!MR COOPER Oh yes, of course, the Good

Food Guide….WAITER Please, be seated. Here are

your menus.MR COOPER What are you going to have,

dear?

MRS COOPER I’ll have the shrimp salad forstarter and the Dover sole as amain course. And you’ll havethe mushroom soup andsteak. That’ll do you good.

WAITER Can I take your orders?MR COOPER For starters one shrimp salad

and one mushroom soup.WAITER And as a main course, sir?MR COOPER The Dover sole and lamb

chops with garlic sauce.WAITER Any wine with that?MRS COOPER A bottle of the house white will

be fine.WAITER Thank you, I won’t be a

minute.MRS COOPER Alfred, how could you? You

know you can’t handle meatwith a bone.

5 minutes laterWAITER Would you like to taste the

wine, sir?MRS COOPER I’ll do that. My husband’s

driving.

11.1 - 11.2

20

_ _ _ g

99ninety-nine

WAITER And here are your starters. Bon appétit!

MRS COOPER No, thank you, I’m fine. Thesewaiters! Always wanting tomake money on the sideorders.

10 minutes laterWAITER And here are your main cours-

es. Enjoy your meal!MRS COOPER Oh, Alfred.MR COOPER What’s wrong, dear?MRS COOPER I can tell by the taste of it that

this sole isn’t from Dover.MR COOPER Do you want me to call the

waiter?MRS COOPER Waiter, waiter!WAITER What can I do for you?MRS COOPER How dare you call this Dover

sole? WAITER What’s wrong with it, madam?MRS COOPER It tastes just like the one I had

in Ostend last summer!WAITER I’m very sure it’s not the same

one, but our cook has a nieceliving in Ostend. You have avery fine taste, indeed, Madam.Now that I’m here, would youlike any desserts or coffees?

MRS COOPER Where’s your Irish coffeefrom?

WAITER From Ireland and our Frenchcoffee from France. We alsohave Belgian waffles, Dutchcheese, Italian tiramisu…

MR COOPER Bring us the bill and someplain old English tea for two.I’m driving remember.

MRS COOPER But I’m not, dear.MR COOPER Oh yes you are. You’re driving

me mad.

11.3 - 11.4

▼ What do you need to lay the table?

_ _ _ g

100 one hundred

WAITER CUSTOMER

• Can I help you?• Can I suggest the table …• Please be seated.• Here are your menus.• Can I take your orders?

Are you ready to order?• These are the daily/weekly specials.• Can I suggest the …• Would you like anything to drink?• Here you are.• Enjoy your meal.• How is/was everything?• Coffee or dessert?

• Do you have a table for two?• We’ve booked a table for …• The name is …• I’ll have …

I would like to order …• As a starter/main course I’ll have…• I’d like a glass of/bottle of …• Thank you, thanks a lot.• Delicious, very good, thanks.• Compliments to the chef.• Just coffee please.• Can I have the bill, please?

Bring us the bill.

BBee ppoolliittee!!Here you are.Thank you.No, thank you.Yes, please.

11.5 - 11.6 - 11.7

_ _ _ g

101one hundred and one

a piece of cake a packet of flour a bottle of oil

a tin of peas a loaf of bread a bunch of grapes

a carton of orange juice a bar of chocolate a can of lemonade

a box of cereals a slice of cheese a cup of coffee

a glass of wine a bag of crisps a lump of sugar

_ _ _ g

102 one hundred and two

MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF

We use much and many in negative (-) sentences and questions (?)and with so, as and too.

much before uncountable nounsmany before plural countable nouns

How much money does the red skirt cost?How many shoes are there in the shop window?There isn’t much time left.There aren’t many children in the shop.There are too many people in this room.We had so much fun yesterday.Did you get as many visitors as last year?

We use a lot of in positive (+) sentences.(before countable and uncountable nouns)

There is a lot of work to be done.We had a lot of rain yesterday.

In spoken English a lot of can also be used in questions and negative sentences.

Example: There isn’t a lot of time left.Are there a lot of people in the shop?

11.8 - 11.9 - 11.10

countable nouns:things we can count e.g. one book, two tables, three chairs

uncountable nouns:things we can’t count e.g. time, rice, luck

_ _ _ g

103one hundred and three

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

A teacher must know how to handlenoisy pupils.

Die hard fans are waiting for hours andhours in front of the stage door to catcha glimpse of their idol. They hope he’llmake the time to have a nice chat or toautograph their pictures and CDs. It’s pie in the sky.

Top models were showing exquisitedesigns at Versace’s fashion show.

When we were in London, we visitedthe British Museum. At the entrance webought a guide to read some informa-tion about the different rooms.

Why don’t you lodge a complaintagainst this hotel?The room was too small. The bar wastoo smoky.

omgaan metluidruchtig(e)

glimp, vluchtige blik

luchtkasteel

exclusief (-ve)

gids

klacht

rokerig

NEW WORDS

to handlenoisy

glimpse

pie in the sky

exquisite

guide

complaint

smoky

TRANSPARENT WORDS

to book boeken bone beento reserve reserveren, dessert dessert,

voorbehouden nagerechtarticle artikel waffle wafelmenu menu, spijskaart

FAMILIAR WORDS

Please be seated. Gaat u zitten.order bestellingI won’t be a minute. Ik ben zo klaar.

Ik kom dadelijk terug.niece nichtto drive someone mad iemand gek maken

desert

dessert

_ _ _ g

104 one hundred and four

The waiter at the restaurant wasunfriendly and rude.

Can you drive me to the bank? Thereare some bills to be paid.

- I’m hungry. Let’s find something toeat.

- Do you like Chinese?- No, I don’t.

Don’t you know a place around herewhere they prepare plain meals?

- I do! It’s a small restaurant, but thefood is delicious and it’s not thatexpensive. The main course is quitebig. You needn’t take a starter.

- Sounds good to me!

We thought the food was cheap, butwhen we added all the side orders, itturned out to be really expensive.

It was nice to meet my niece in Nice.

- Let’s go for a swim in the sea.- No, thanks. I don’t like the salty

water.

ober

rekening

gewo(o)n(e), eenvoudig(e)

hoofdschotelvoorgerecht

bijgerecht

nicht

zoute, gezouten

waiter

bill

plain

main coursestarter

side order

niece

salty

Vocabulary: - What do you need to lay the table? (TB 99 - WB 11.3)- Containers of food and drink. (TB 101 - WB 11.6)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 103-104)

Grammar:- Much, many, a lot of (TB 102 - WB 11.7)

- Order a meal (TB 100 - WB 11.1, 11.2, 11.5).- Discuss table manners (WB 11.4).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

_ _ _ g

hamster lizard

shark donkey goat

cock chicken hippo

camel crocodile panther

tiger turtle tortoise

105one hundred and five

12.1 - 12.2

_ _ _ g

106 one hundred and six

mouse leopard snail

slug fox dog

bear wolf duck

swan goose whale

squirrel owl budgie

_ _ _ g

107one hundred and seven

fly lion elephant

spider parrot rabbit

pig cow bat

puppy giraffe horse

fish butterfly monkey/ape

_ _ _ g

108 one hundred and eight

sheep cat kangaroo

12.3 - 12.4 - 12.5 - 12.6 - 12.7

12.8

A Kangaroo, Julie Holder

A kangarooOne afternoonJumped so highIt jumped over the moon!

It jumped so farIt jumped so highIt bumped its headUpon the sky

Down it fellSpinning roundAnd bumped its bottomOn the ground

WOLF ALARMED ABOUT TARANTULAYesterday night a dangerous tarantula was

stolen from an East London pet shop.

The theft was discovered by the shop owner,

Mr Wolf.

‘When I came in’, he said, ‘all the animals were

making an awful lot of noise. At first I didn’t

see what was wrong. But when I was feeding

the animals, I noticed that the tarantula was

missing.’

According to the owner the animal is extreme-

ly poisonous and should be handled with care.

So far the police have no clue whatsoever who

might be interested in stealing such an animal.

People who see the animal in the picture,

should immediately

report to the police.

‘The Breakaway Standard’

_ _ _ g

109one hundred and nine

- George Boy- 47

- MichaelGeorge

- 35

- Mark Wolf- 50

- PeggyLou Wolf

- 51

- DianeSpencer Boy

- 40

- Peter Wolf- 25

He works in the London Zoo and is havingan affair with Diane Spencer Boy. His wifedied 3 years ago.

He is the shop assistant and has got a key tothe shop. He’s married, but his wife ishaving an affair with Michael George.

He’s the owner of the shop. He’s married toPeggy Lou. They’ve got one son, Peter. Fatherand son don’t get on very well together.

She’s the owner’s wife and an RSPCAmember. She likes pets, but doesn’t want herhusband to keep exotic animals.

She’s married to George Boy and is having anaffair with Michael George. She works as ahospital nurse.

He’s single and scared of animals.He hates his father for keeping them.

▼ SuspectsInspectors Bacon and Eggs in charge of the case of the missing tarantula aresuspecting the following people.

▼ Catch the Thief Who do you think has stolen the tarantula?Discuss with your partner.

RSPCA = Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty against Animals (dierenbescherming)

OVER TO

12.9 - 12.10 – 12.11

_ _ _ g

110 one hundred and ten

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

POSITIVE (+) AND NEGATIVE (-)

I was (not) feeding the animals.wasn’t

You were (not) sleeping when it happened.weren’t

He was (not) stealing the tarantula.The animals were (not) making an awful lot of noise.

subject was / were ing-form(not)

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?)

Short answer.

Were you feeding the animals? Yes, I was.No, I wasn’t.

Was / were subject ing-form

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

Who were you kissing last night?

Question word was / were subject ing-form

USEThe past continuous tense describes what was going on in the past.(De 'past continuous tense' beschrijft wat er aan het gebeuren was in het verleden.)

Past Continuous Simple Past

e.g.I was watching TV when Mum came home.The animals were making a lot of noise when Mr Wolf came in.He was feeding the animals when he noticed the spider

wasn’t there.� long action � short action

_ _ _ g

A GAMEHow good is

your memory?

A GAMEHow good is

your memory?

Ask your partner what he/she was doing at different momentsyesterday.

Example: - What were you doing at 7.40 yesterday?- I was waiting for the bus.

111one hundred and eleven

12.12 - 12.13 – 12.14

12.15 - 12.16 - 12.17 – 12.18

IT’S RATHER DARK IN HERE, by Oliver Oldman (7 years old!)

1 I am writing these lines frominside a lionAnd it’s rather dark in here!So excuse the writing that

5 may not be too clear.But I am afraid to tell youlast night I got too near.

_ _ _ g

112 one hundred and twelve

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

My friend’s brother Jim has apoisonous snake in his bed-room. Whenever he wants to feed him,he must open the terrarium with careso as not to let him escape. His parentslet him keep this dangerous animal, butmade it a condition that he should bein charge of the snake.

He will be punished according to theseriousness of his crime.

Susan married last week.Every member of her familycame to her wedding.They all get on very welltogether.

The police suspected a young man inthat case. He was in the area at thetime of the crime. He committedsuicide before the interrogations hadstarted.

giftig

voedenzorg,

voorzichtigheidhouden

belast zijn met, zorg dragen voor

volgensmisdaad

lid

overeenkomen,opschieten

verdenkengeval, zaak

plegen

NEW WORDS

poisonous

to feedcare

to keepto be in chargeof

according tocrime

member

to get on

to suspectcaseto commit

TRANSPARENT WORDS

tarantula tarantula to report rapporteren, verslag uitbrengen

to alarm alarmeren so far zover, tot nu toeto steal stelen exotic exotischextremely extreem, buitengewoon alibi alibito have an een affaire (verhouding) inspector inspecteuraffair with hebben met

FAMILIAR WORDS

wrong verkeerdsingle alleenstaand,

niet getrouwd

_ _ _ g

113one hundred and thirteen

They have no cluewhatsoever.

Who discovered the theft at the jeweller’s ?

aanwijzing

ontdekkendiefstal

clue

to discovertheft

Vocabulary: - Animals (TB 105-108 – WB 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.17, 12.18)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 112-113)

Grammar:- The past continuous tense (TB 110 – WB 12.11, 12.12)- The past continuous tense vs. the simple past tense (TB 110 – WB 12.13,12.14)

- Talk about activities going on in the past (TB 111 – WB 12.11, 12.12, 12.13,12.14).- Investigate a theft (TB 109 – WB 12.9).- Write about your crazy pet (WB 12.15).- Find rhyme words (WB 12.16).- Listen for information (WB 12.8, 12.10).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

_ _ _ g

114 one hundred and fourteen

The Bucket Family

1 Hyacinth lives in a council house1 with herhusband Richard Bucket (er, sorryBouquet). She is an overbearing middleclass snob2 of the first order! She is so

5 obsessed with etiquette that she has madeher husband Richard's life miserable. Hejust keeps his head down and does his bestto live with her domineering ways. Their house is spotless3, their car is perfec-

10 tion and they never use the back door oftheir house. Why, she even puts her emptymilk bottles in the dishwasher so they arespotless on the doorstep! Hyacinth takes her duty as the eldest of four

15 daughters very seriously. She takes care ofDaddy in her own way. She cannot standhim living with her and her husband Richardbecause he makes "messes”. Imagine hershame when he is arrested pedalling naked

20 on his bike while chasing a milk woman.The sons-in-law have their hands full withkeeping grandfather away from trouble.Richard and Hyacinth have a son. In the eyes of his mother, Sheridan is the

25 perfect boy. His father has a slightly different idea of hisonly child. Sheridan is always asking formoney, and that’s the only reason he callshis mother.

30 The rest of her family is another story.Hyacinth has three sisters. Daisy, a house-wife, lives in a council house with her slob-bish4 husband Onslow. He’s unemployedand that fits his lifestyle perfectly. She’s so

35 crazy about him, that she is at his side a fewfeet from the TV and she does whatever heorders. The two brothers-in-law get alongvery well. While having a drink with Onslow,Richard can forget about his bossy wife.

40 Her sister Rose lives with Daisy andOnslow.With her flamboyant dress style, completewith the shortest of skirts, no male is safefrom her charms. Not even the vicar5!

1 a council housesociale woning

2 an overbearing middle class snobkleinburgerlijke, bazige snob

3 spotlessbrandschoon, vlekkeloos

4 slobbishslonzig, lui

5 vicardominee

13.1

_ _ _ g

45 Sister Violet lives with her husband Bruce ina large detached6 house with "room for aswimming pool and a pony". Though they are not family, Liz and Emmetplay an important role in the Bucket

50 universe. They are so unlucky to live next-door. Liz is invited to company, but alwayshas to be served from a beaker becauseHyacinth's hand-painted china7 is much toovaluable to risk in Liz's nervous hands

55 (they’re only shaky in Hyacinth's presence).Emmet is a classically trained musician.Every time he is out in the garden, Hyacinthuses the opportunity to "sing at him." She isof the firm opinion that his running away

60 from her shows that he has deep feelings forher. She is right, in a way. Emmet does havedeep feelings for her---just not the ones sheimagines.

115one hundred and fifteen

6 a detached housevrijstaand huis, villa

7 chinaporselein

aunt soundslike can’t

ant soundslike hat

my grandfathermy grandmother(grandparents)

my unclemy aunt

my fathermy mother(parents)

my father-in-lawmy mother-in-law(parents-in-law)

my cousinmy cousin

my brothermy sister

ME my husbandmy wife

my brother-in-lawmy sister-in-law

my nephewmy niece

my sonmy daughter

(children)

my daughter-in-law

my son-in-law

my grandsonmy granddaughter

(grandchildren)

X

X

▼ A Family Tree

stepmother stiefmoeder

stepfather stiefvader

stepson stiefzoon

stepdaughter stiefdochter

stepbrother stiefbroer

stepsister stiefzus

13.2 - 13.3 - 13.4 - 13.5 – 13.6

_ _ _ g

116 one hundred and sixteen

a farmer an office worker

a mechanic a secretary a plumber

a dustman an electrician a pilot

a postman a lawyer a tourist guide

a child minder a carpenter a builder

Jobs

_ _ _ g

117one hundred and seventeen

a beautician a lorry driver an accountant

a gardener a vicar

to be out of workto be in-between jobsto be unemployed

13.7 - 13.8 – 13.9

Dentist

What I hate,About going to the Dentist,Is the waiting room,SilentUntil someone screams behind a wall.

What I hate,About going to the Dentist,Is the smell of hygiene in the room,And the chair squeaks as you sit down.

What I hate,About going to the Dentist,Is the chair moving,Sounding like a factory,And the blinding light, cast down in your eyes.

What I hate,About going to the Dentist,Is your mouth being stretched into an oblong,The picking of the plaque,And the scraping of teeth.

What I hate,About going to the Dentist,Is the drill that touches your teeth,And makes your mouth shake,Like a pneumatic drill on a road,The vibrations like music on full blast.

What I hate,About going to the Dentist,Is the sharp injection of pain,The hurt as the needle goes in,That numbs your mouth,That wobbles your tongue and lips,Like jelly as you try to speak.

What I hate,About going to the Dentist,Is the slimy pink liquid,The swallow and the spit.

What I like,About going to the Dentist,Is being given a sticker,Being made a fuss of by Mum,And watching my brother go in next!

Karina Bailey (9)

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Tony HawkMy Life as a Professional Skater

If you have never heard of Tony Hawk you’redefinitely not into skateboarding. He’s thenumber one in skateboarding history. It allstarted when he was nine years old. Hisbrother changed his life by giving him ablue fibreglass banana board. Now hecould get rid of all his energy. Before takingup skateboarding he was an annoying little boy, frustratedand bored. Now he had found himself a goal in life. By twelve, Tony wassponsored by Dogtown skateboards, by fourteen he was a pro, and by age sixteenTony Hawk was the best skateboarder in the world.He published his autobiography: ‘HAWK – Occupation: skateboarder’. It was a realbestseller and is now available in paperback. More than enough reasons for an interview with this ‘skate wonder’.

What does being a skateboarder mean to you?It is my sense of identity, my way to get away from everything, mycreative outlet, my source of fun and my career. If Ican’t skateboard any longer, I will be very unhappy.

Who is your role model?My late father - he showed me how impor-tant it is to get involved in your kids' lives. Hewould be an awesome grandfather, if he wasstill alive. He had an enormous influence onme.

If you could wish something, what would you wish for?Well, if I had one wish, I would like health and happiness for my boys. Riley,Spencer and Keegan really deserve the best there is. I will not be disappointed ifthey don’t become skateboarders. Whatever path they choose in life, I will sup-port them. If they want my help, I will be there.

What’s your advice for a beginning skater?If you want to be good at it, you’ll need a lot ofpractice. It all looks very easy when you see apro-skater at work, but they also needed yearsto master the tricks. I needed years and yearsto become really good at it. So, don’t give up,just keep trying. If I didn’t work so hard, I would-n’t be where I’m now.

17

13.10

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119one hundred and nineteen

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If people pollute the sea, a lot of birds will die.If they want my help, I will be there.

If-clause: simple present tense Main clause: will (won’t) + infinitive without to(= conditional)

USE:The speaker is thinking about a real possibility in the future.(De spreker denkt aan iets dat werkelijk kan gebeuren in de toekomst.)

SECOND CONDITIONAL

If Pete had another job, he would see his wife more often.If he was taller, he would be an awesome basketball player.If I didn’t work so hard; I wouldn’t get so much money.

If-clause: simple past tense Main clause: would(n’t) + infinitive without to(= conditional)

USE:The speakers are not thinking about a real possibility; they are only using their imagination.(De sprekers denken niet over een echte mogelijkheid, ze zijn alleen maar aan het fan-taseren.)

Work with a partner. Talk about what you would do if these things happened. (They won’t!)

You can use these ideas.Example: If I saw a ghost, I would run away.

Oh, I wouldn’t do that. If I saw a ghost, I would ask its name.

find win

1 2 3

meet get stuck

4 5

fight

run awaysay

helpask

shout

buywait

invite

live intake

go crazygive

...

see

become

6

▼ Just Imagine!

OVER TO

13.11 - 13.12 – 13.13 - 13.14

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120 one hundred and twenty

VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

That father of 3 children had beenunemployed for several years. Hissense of duty and responsibility toldhim he should retrain himself to find anew occupation. He took eveningclasses and became a teacher. Now hehas found a new goal in life.

My future sister-in-law is slightly olderthan I am, but I can’t stand her. Shehas such a bad influence upon mybrother and she is so bossy.As she soon will become a member ofthe family, I just keep my head down.It’s better to get along well together.

Imagine how it feels when you hearthat your friend got involved in acrime. His –so called- friends definitelytook him in. When he answered thepolice’s questions, he spoke in a shakyvoice. I will support him, because I’msure he’s innocent.

werkloosbesef van, gevoel voor

plichtjob, bezigheid

een nieuw doel

een beetjeverdragen

invloedbazig

opschieten, overeenkomen

zich inbeeldenbetrokken raken bij

duidelijk

beverig(e)bijstaan, steunen

NEW WORDS

unemployedsense of dutyoccupation

a new goal

slightlyto standinfluencebossy

to get along

to imagineto get involved indefinitely

shakyto support

TRANSPARENT WORDS

to be obsessed with geobsedeerd zijn door opinion opinie, meningetiquette etiquette frustrated gefrustreerddomineering dominant, bazig job jobto be sponsored by gesponsord worden door to arrest arresterennaked naakt identity identiteitat (his) side aan (zijn) zijde path padrole rol career carrièreto master meester worden, beaker (plastic) beker

onder de knie hebben

FAMILIAR WORDS

to be crazy about gek zijn opwhatever wat ook, welke ookto be safe veilig zijnunlucky ongelukkig

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121one hundred and twenty-one

My late husband didn’t have the opportunity to see his children growup into fine adults.

They’ve chosen a great new head-master. He’s really awesome.

I’ll pedal with you as far as the stationfor company.

As material for her final study, my sisterneeded reliable sources. Therefore shewent to the library, as most of thesebooks aren’t available anymore.

Chase that wild rabbit out of the gar-den! I have a firm suspicion that he’sthe one who’s ruined my vegetables.

overledengelegenheid,

kans

kiezenfantastisch,

super

fietsengezelschap

bron

verkrijgbaar, voorhanden

verjagensterk

lateopportunity

to chooseawesome

to pedalcompany

source

available

to chasefirm

Vocabulary: - Family relations (TB 115 – WB 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4)- Jobs (TB 116-117 – WB 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.13)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 120-121)

Grammar:- First and second conditional (TB 119 – WB 13.10, 13.11, 13.12, 13.13)

- Talk and write about family relations (TB 115 – WB 13.2, 13.3, 13.4).- Talk about possibilities in the future (TB 119).- Imagine things about the future (TB 119 – WB 13.11, 13.12, 13.13).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

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122 one hundred and twenty-two

We're all going on a summer holidayno more working for a week or twofun and laughter on our summer holidayno more worries for me or youfor a week or twoWe're going where the sun shines brightlywe're going where the sea is bluewe've seen it in the moviesnow let's see if it's trueEverybody has a summer holidaydoing things they always wanted toso we're going on a summer holidayto make our dreams come truefor me and youfor me and you

▼ Summer Holiday - Cliff Richard

We are very close to the summer break. A few more days and you can leave school for summer.

OVER TO

• Where are you going on a summer holiday?• Where would you like to go on a summer holiday?• Do you prefer the blue sea and the bright sun?• Do you like an adventurous holiday?• “No more working for a month or two.” Is that true for you?• “Doing things they always wanted to.” What would that be for you?

14.1 – 14.2

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123one hundred and twenty-three

Travelling

transport

accommodation

clothing

activities

luggage

various

by carby trainby planeby coach / busby bikeby boaton foothitch-hiking

hotelholiday flatB & B (bed and breakfast)cottagecaravantentyouth hostel

bathing suit – bikiniswimming trunkssunglassesboots – walking shoessandalscaprainwear

excursionsmuseum/castle visitssportssunbathinggoing outrelaxing

rucksack - backpackbeauty casesuitcase

photo cameravideo camerapassport – identity cardforeign currencysun lotionfirst aid kita (road) map 14.3

_ _ _ g

Hotel facilities

124 one hundred and twenty-four

B&B Bed and breakfastE2 Touring map grid reference

Self-catering and caravansLinen providedLinen for hireLaundry facilities

General facilitiesRestaurantLicensed barGames roomConference facilitiesLiftEntertainmentBarbecueMicrowave

� Mini-barOff-road parkingBaby minding serviceCots available

SportsGymnasiumSolariumPool/snooker roomIndoor games roomindoor swimming pooloutdoor swimming poolGolfTennisHorse-ridingFishing

Facilities in roomTea/coffeeTelephoneTelevision

Facilities for the disabledAccessible to wheelchairs

14.4 - 14.5 - 14.6 - 14.7

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CUSTOMER RECEPTIONIST

I’d like to book a single room – a double rooma family roomwith a double bed – twin bedsan extra bed

with a view of the seaoverlooking the seafacing the street

for one night – a week – a fortnight …

I don’t know yet how long we will be staying.

Are there any vacancies?

I’d like to have accommodation only – bedand breakfast – half board – full board.

Is there a private bathroom?a TV? a telephone?a swimming pool?

Are there any sports facilities?

Are pets allowed?

How much is the room?Do I have to pay some nights in advance?

What time can we check in?

No problem!

No, I'm sorry, the hotel is fully booked.Sorry, I think we’re full.Oh, you’re lucky! Somebody has just cancelled.

Your room will be ready at …

Can you give me your name and spell it, please?

▼ Booking a Room

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126 one hundred and twenty-six

OVER TO

▼ Booking a Room: Make a DialogueStudent A: you want a reservation at the Park Hotel.Student B: you are the Park Hotel receptionist.

Deal with these points: reservation – room type – period/length of stay – room rate – name of guest – time of arrival – board – payment

Use phrases from the grid on page 121.

14.8 – 14.9 – 14.10 – 14.11

FUNNY HOLIDAY NOTICES

These are actual signs and notices that were found!

In a hotel during a conference:

Norwegian cocktail lounge:

Tokyo hotel:

In a New York restaurant:

Two signs from Majorcan shop entrance:

Sign on a Norfolk farm:

Spotted in a safari park:In a Rome laundry:

Advertisement for donkey rides in Thailand:

In a Copenhagen airline ticket office:

For anyone who has children and doesn’tknow it, there is a daycare (kinderopvang) on thefirst floor.

is forbidden to stealhotel towels please. Ifyou are not person todo such thing is pleasenot to read this notice.

Customers who findour waitresses rude(onbeschoft) ought to seethe manager.

Ladies are requested (worden verzocht) not to havechildren in the bar.

- English well talking.- Here speeching American.

ELEPHANT PLEASE STAYIN YOUR CAR

“Trespassers beware!(indringers opgepast!) I shootevery tenth trespasser.The ninth one just left.”

Ladies, leave your clotheshere and spend the after-noon having a good time.

“Would you like to rideyour own ass?”

We take your bags and send them in all directions.

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▼ School's Out – A-Teens

Well, we got no choiceAll the girls and boysMakin’ all that noise‘Cause they found new toysWell, we can’t salute yaCan’t find a flagIf that don’t suit yaThat’s a dragSchool’s out for summerSchool’s out foreverI’m bored to piecesWell we got no classAnd we got no principlesAnd we got no intelligenceWe can’t even think of a word that rhymesWell, we can’t salute yaCan’t find a flagIf that don’t suit yaThat’s a dragSchool’s out for summerSchool’s out foreverI’m bored to piecesNo more pencilsNo more booksNo more teacher’s dirty looksOut for summerOut till fallWe might not come back at allSchool’s out for summer (detention)School’s out foreverSchool’s out with feverSchool’s out completelySchool’s out for summer

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VOCABULARY FOCUS▼

In the newspapers there are hundredsof vacancies. How come so many peo-ple don’t have a job?

Our camping-site is perfect.It’s near a wood overlooking/ facing/with a view of a mountain river inwhich the children can swim and play.

How long in advance do we have topay?

Dial 999 for emergency services!

My son has just turned 16. He’s doing aholiday job.I’ve opened a bank account for him.

Is your life full of worries? Come andjoin us for an adventurous voyage, fullof laughter and excitement!

vacature

met zicht op

op voorhand

draaien

rekening

zorgavontuurlijk(e)

gelach

NEW WORDS

TRANSPARENT WORDS

receptionist receptionist(e) reservation reservatieaccommodation accommodatie, facility faciliteit,

logies, onderdak voorzieningto check in inchecken,

aankomen

vacancy

overlookingfacing

with a view of

in advance

to dial

account

worryadventurous

laughter

Vocabulary: - Travelling (TB 123 – WB 14.2)- Hotel Facilities (TB 124 – WB 14.3, 14.4, 14.6, 14.11)- Vocabulary Focus (TB 128)

- Talk about the summer holidays (TB 122).- Book a room (TB 125-126).- Listen for information (WB 14.5, 14.7, 14.8, 14.11).- Write about your holidays (WB 14.10).

THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

THIS IS WHAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO

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Communicatingin Writing

OVER TO- Have you ever written a letter / an e-mail in English? - Who did you write to and what about?

A lot of business communication happens in writing (letters or e-mail). Also in written communication there are somerules to follow.

▼ Writing Styles in EnglishWhen writing letters and e-mails you can use different writing styles. Which style you use dependson who you are writing to and what you are writing about.

Formal Writing StyleThis is the style of business letters, official letters etc. This style is not often used in e-mails but canbe used for complaints, letters of application (sollicitatiebrieven) etc.The language used is impersonal and polite. Contracted verb forms (e.g. isn’t, haven’t…) are not tobe used.

Neutral Writing StyleThis is the most common writing style in e-mails dealing with work. Both writer and reader want effi-cient and quick communication. Therefore the language is simple. The sentences are short andcontracted forms are used.

Informal Writing StyleWhen writing and mailing between friends this is the writing style to use. This style is very similar tospoken language. The sentences are short and contracted forms are used.

Make sure that the writing style of your letter is eitherentirely formal or entirely informal. Don’t mix up writing styles!

15.1 - 15.2

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130 one hundred and thirty

▼ How to Address People in Letters

FORMAL

Dear Sir / Madam

Dear Mr Jones / Mrs Green

When you don’t know the person you’re writing to at all.

When you know the person’s name.

INFORMAL

Dear John

Dearest Anne

When you are on a first name basis.

More intimate than ‘dear’.

In modern business communication and especially in e-mails, more and more the informal variantsare being used.

▼ How to Say Goodbye in Letters

FORMAL

Yours faithfully, / Faithfully yours,

Yours sincerely, / Sincerely (yours),

Very formal (cf Dear Sir / Madam)

Less formal (cf Dear Mr … / Mrs …)

INFORMAL

Best wishes,Kind/Best regards,Love, Very familiar

In the USA it is also common to close letters with “Yours truly,”.

15.3 - 15.4

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131one hundred and thirty-one

▼ Useful Phrases in Writing

Did You Know?

Reasons for writingI am writing in connection with….In reply to your e-mail…I am writing with regard to …I’m writing about…

Giving informationI’m happy to let you know that …Just a quick mail to say …I am writing to inform you that …

Asking for information/ RequestsI would like to know if / when…Can you tell me more about …Could you give me some information about …Please could you …Please send us …I wonder if you could …What are the charges for …

ClosingThanks again for …Please feel free to contact me for further information.I am looking forward to receiving / hearing …We would be pleased to hear from you soon.

Writing Dates in EnglishThere are different ways to write dates in English. You can choose between the different possibilities,but when there is more than one date in your text, make sure you always use the same pattern.

e.g.5 December 2007December 5, 20075th December 2007December 5th, 2007

Writing an Address in EnglishIn English we always write the number before the street name.

e.g. 22 Lowther Road13 Marine Parade

15.5

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132 one hundred and thirty-two

Did you know?

E-MAIL HEADERS

To: the main recipient of the email.Cc: carbon copy (the other recipients can see this name)Bcc: blind carbon copy (the other recipients cannot see this name)

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133one hundred and thirty-three

Communicating on the Phone

OVER TO

- Do you like making phone calls? - What do you enjoy/dislike about using the phone?- Have you ever used a public payphone? When and why?- Do you know the emergency numbers in your country?

16.1 - 16.2 - 16.3▼ Useful Telephone Language

CALLER RECEIVER

Hello, this is … / My name is …Hello, I’d like to speak to …I’m calling from …I’m phoning about …

I’m sorry, I didn’t understand.Sorry, I didn’t hear you. Could you repeatthat please?Could you speak up a bit? The connecti-on is bad.

Could you leave a message, please?I’ll call again later.

Thanks very much for you help.Thank you so much. You’ve been veryhelpful.

OK. I’ll call you back.Goodbye.Bye.

Yes, speaking.Sorry, I’m afraid you’ve got the wrongnumber.Who’s calling, please?How can I help you?Could you spell your name, please?Hold on a moment, please.I’ll put you through.I’m afraid the line’s busy.

I’m sorry, I didn’t understand.Sorry, I didn’t hear you. Could you repeatthat please?Could you speak up a bit? The connecti-on is bad.

Can I take a message?Can we call you back?I’ll get back to you as soon as possible.

You're welcome.I'm happy I could be of assistance.

OK. I’ll call you back.Goodbye.Bye.

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134 one hundred and thirty-four

16.4 - 16.5

Did you know?

PHONE NUMBERS

00 44 country code (for the U.K.)020 area code (for London)345709 number

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135one hundred and thirty-five

VOCABULARY ▼

A

above bovenaccident accident,

ongeval, ongelukaccommodation accommodatie,

logies, onderdakaccording to volgens,

overeenkomstigaccount rekeningaccountant boekhouderto act acteren,

handelen, doento add toevoegenadjoining rooms aangrenzende

kamersin advance op voorhand, voorafadventurous avontuurlijk(e)ad(vertisement) advertentieadvice raad, adviesto advise raad geven,

informerenafter shave aftershaveagainst tegenagony hevige pijnahead voor(op)airconditioning airconditioning,

klimaatregelingto alarm alarmerenalibi alibialike gelijkalligator alligator, kaaimanalready al, reedsalthough (al)hoewel, ofschoonamount hoeveelheidamusement park amusementspark,

pretparkamusing amusantangry boosanniversary verjaardag(s-)annoying ergerlijk, vervelendanorak anorak,

waterdichte jekker

ape aapto appear verschijnenapple appelapricot abrikoosto arrest arresterenart kunstarticle artikelartistic artistiekto attend bijwonen, bezoekenattractive attractief,

aantrekkelijk(e)aunt tanteavailable verkrijgbaar,

voorhandento avoid vermijdenawesome fantastisch, superawful vreselijk(e)

B

baby room babykamerbackpack rugzakbag zakbaker bakkerbaker’s bakkerijbald kaalbanana banaanbandages verbanden, zwachtelsto bang slaanto banish uitdrijven, verjagenbar reepbasement kelderplaying basketball (hobby) basketbal spelenbat vleermuisbathing suit badpakto be born geboren zijnbeaker (plastic) bekerbean boonbear beerbeard baardbeautician schoonheids-

specialist(e)beauty case beautycase

_ _ _ g

136 one hundred and thirty-six

to become aware of gewaarwordenbeef rundvleesto beg smekento behave zich gedragenbehind achterto believe gelovento belong to toebehoren aanbelt riemto bet weddenbetween tussenbikini bikinibill rekeningbiology biologiebirth geboortebiscuits koekjesblanket dekenblond blondblood bloedblouse bloesto blush blozenboarding school internaatboastful opschepperig,

vol eigendunkbomb bombone beento book boeken,

reserverenboots laarzenbossy bazigbottle flesbox doosbra behabread broodbright zonnig(e), vrolijk(e)brother broerbruise kneuzing, buil,

blauwe plekto brush vegento budget het budget

(plan van uitgaven) opmaken

budgie parkietbuilder bouwvakkerbump buil, stoot, bons, slagto bump botsen

bunch trosburnt (fingers) verbrande (vingers)bus station bushaltebusy bezig, drukbutcher beenhouwer, slagerbutcher’s slagerijbutter boterbutterfly vlinder

C

cake cakecalm kalm, rustigcamel kameelcan kanto cancel annuleren, afzeggencane wandelstokcap petcaravan caravancare zorg, voorzichtigheidcareer carrièrecarefully zorgvuldigcaring bezorgd(e)car park parkeerplaatscarpenter timmermancarrot wortelto carry dragencarton kartonnen doos, brikcase zaak, gevalcash dispenser geldautomaatcastle kasteelcat katcauliflower bloemkoolto celebrate vierenchain 1 reeks 2 kettingchalk krijtcharge kosten, prijscharm betoveringto charm away wegtoverento chase verjagenchatting (hobby) chatten, babbelen,

kletsento check checken, controleren,

nagaanto check in inchecken, aankomen

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137one hundred and thirty-seven

cheese kaaschemist’s apotheekcherry kers(en)chicken kipchild minder kinderverzorg(st)erto choose kiezengoing to the cinema naar de bioscoop

gaancircle cirkelclean net, properto clean schoonmakencloudy bewolktclue aanwijzingcoach touringcar,

luxeautobuscoat mantelcock haancoffee koffiecoincidence toevalcomb kamcompany gezelschapto complain klagencomplaint klachtcompulsory verplichtplaying computer computerspelletjes games (hobby) spelencondition voorwaardeCongratulations! Gefeliciteerd!to continue verdergaanto contribute to bijdragen totto convince overtuigencook kokto cook kokencorridor gangcottage vakantiehuisje,

plattelandshuisjecotton wool wattencountry landmain course hoofdschotelcousin neef/nicht (zoon

of dochter van je tante en oom)

to cover up verbergen, toedekkencow koeto crawl kruipen

cream roomcreative creatiefcrewcut kortgeknipt haar,

stekeltjeshaarcrime misdaadcrocodile krokodilto cry wenen, huilencucumber komkommercup kopjecurious curieus, nieuwsgierigto curl krullencurly krullend(foreign) currency (vreemde)

munteenheidcustomer klantcut snee, snijwondcute aardig, snoezigcutlery bestek

D

dairy products zuivelproductendancing (hobby) dansento dare uitdagendata data, gegevensdaughter dochterdeath doodto decide beslissento decorate decoreren, versierendefinitely absoluut, beslistdelicious heerlijkdentist tandartsdeodorant deodorantdepartment store warenhuisto describe beschrijvendescription beschrijvingdesert woestijnto deserve verdienen,

recht hebben opdessert dessertdessert-fork dessertvorkdessert-spoon dessertlepeldevil duivel

_ _ _ g

138 one hundred and thirty-eight

to dial draaien, telefoonnummer intoetsen

diary dagboekto die sterven, doodgaanto dine dineren, etento disappear verdwijnento discover ontdekkendishwasher vaatwasmachineto divide verdelenDIY (= Do It Yourself) doe-het-zelfdizzy duizeligdoctor dokterdog honddomineering dominant, bazigdonkey ezeldouble room kamer met dubbel beddoughnuts donutsdown (naar) beneden, neerdrama toneel, expressieto dream dromendress jurkdrill boordrizzle motregento drop zakken, laten vallenduck eendduring gedurendedust stofdustman vuilnismanduty plichtto dye verven (van haar,

kleding)E

to earn verdieneneducation opvoedingegg eielectrician elektricienelectrocution elektrocutieelephant olifantelevator liftembarrassing gênant(e), pijnlijk(e)emergency exit nooduitgangemotion emotie, ontroeringempty leeg

to empty leegmakenencounter ontmoetingto end up eindigen, tenslotte

terechtkomenenergetic energiek, vol energieEnglish Engelsto enjoy genieten vanentry toegang, inschrijvingescalator roltrapetiquette etiquetteevent gebeurtenisexactly juist, preciesexhausted uitgeputto exorcise uitdrijven, verbannenexotic exotischexpensive duurexquisite voortreffelijk(e),

verfijnd(e), exclusief(-ve)

extremely extreem, buitengewooneyeliner oogpotlood

F

facility faciliteit, voorzieningfacing met zicht opto fail mislukken, zakkento faint flauwvallenfair 1 fair, eerlijk 2 blondfamily room familiekamerfantastic fantastischfarmer boer, landbouwerfat dikfather vaderfear angst, vreesto fear vrezen, bang zijnto feed voedenfence omheininga few enkelefinally uiteindelijkfireman brandweermanfirm 1 firma 2 sterkfirst aid kit EHBO-tasfish visfishmonger visverkoper

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139one hundred and thirty-nine

fist vuistto fit in with passen bijfloor 1 verdieping 2 vloerfly vliegfog mistfood court voedingsafdeling

(in supermarkt of warenhuis)

playing football (hobby) voetbal spelenfootstep voetstapfor gedurende, alforeign vreemd(e)forest bos, woudfork vorkfortnight twee wekenfox vosfreckly met sproetenfree gratisfreezer diepvries, ijskastFrench Fransfresh versfriendly vriendelijkfriendship vriendschapfrightening angstaanjagend(e)in front of voorfrost vorstfruit fruitfrustrated gefrustreerd,

teleurgesteldto fulfil vervullen, waarmakenfull board volpensionfussy zenuwachtig, druk

G

gardener tuinmangarlic lookgenerous vrijgevig, mildgeography aardrijkskundeto get along overeenkomen,

opschietento get on overeenkomen,

opschietento get stuck vastzittento get up opstaan

ghost geest, spookginger haired met rood haargiraffe girafglad blij, verheugdglass glasglimpse glimp, vluchtige blikgoat geitgood-looking knap, mooigoose (geese) gans (ganzen)gorgeous schitterend, prachtig,

adembenemend mooito grab grijpen, pakkengradually geleidelijkgrandchild(ren) kleinkind(eren)granddaughter kleindochtergrandfather grootvadergrandmother grootmoedergrandson kleinzoongrape druifgrapefruit pompelmoesgrocer kruideniergrocer’s kruidenierswinkelground grondto grow fond of beginnen houden vanto grow up volwassen wordenguide gids

H

hail hagelhairdresser kapperhairdresser’s kapsalonhalf board halfpensionhamster hamsterto handle omgaan methandsome mooi, knap

(van mannen)to hang out buitenhangen,

uithangenhappy gelukkighardly nauwelijksto haunt rondwaren in, spokenhaunted bezocht door geestenhead teacher schooldirecteur/

-directrice

_ _ _ g

140 one hundred and forty

by heart vanbuiten, uit het hoofd

to heat opwarmenhelmet helmhelpless hulpeloosto hide verstoppen, verbergenhigh hooghippo nijlpaardhistory geschiedenisto hit slaanto hitch-hike liftenhole gathome economics huishoudkundehoneymoon huwelijksreisto hoover stofzuigenhoroscope horoscoophorse paardhorse-riding (hobby) paardrijdenhot heet, zeer warmhousehold huishoudenhousehold chores huishoudelijke takenhousekeeper huishoudsterto hug liefkozen, omhelzenhuman menselijkhumorous humoristischto hurt pijn doen, pijn hebbenhusband echtgenoot

I

ice-skating (hobby) ijsschaatsenidealistic idealistischidentity identiteitidentity card identiteitskaartidle lui, doelloosto imagine zich inbeeldenimmediately onmiddellijkimpatient ongeduldigimpossible onmogelijkto improve verbeterenimpulsive impulsiefin inincluding inbegrepenindecisive besluiteloos, weifelendindeed inderdaad

influence invloedinformation desk informatiebalieinjured gewondinside binnento insist aandringeninspector inspecteurplaying an instrument een instrument (hobby) bespelenintimately intiem, vertrouwelijkinto in, totiron strijkijzerto iron strijken

J

jacket jasjeans jeansjob jobto join meekomen, meegaanjust juist, net, zopas

K

kangaroo kangoeroeto keep houdenkey sleutelkind vriendelijk(e), liefto kiss kussenkiwi kiwiknickers onderbroekje,

slipje (van vrouw)knife mes

L

ladder ladderlamb lam, lamsvleesat last uiteindelijklate 1 laat 2 overledento laugh lachento laugh at lachen met, uitlachenlaughter gelachlaundry wasgoed…. – in – law schoon….lawyer advocaat, jurist

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141one hundred and forty-one

leek preilemon citroenleopard luipaardletter box brievenbuslettuce slalevel niveaulife levenlift liftlight lichtlightning bliksemlikely waarschijnlijk,

denkelijklikewise evenzolion leeuwlipstick lippenstiftlistening to music (hobby) muziek beluisterento live levenlizard hagedisloaf (of bread) broodlocal loka(a)l(e)to lock sluitenlonely eenzaamlorry driver vrachtwagenchauffeurto lose verliezenloud(ly) luid, krachtiglow laag, dieplower beneden-luggage bagagelump (of sugar) klontje suiker

M

to make sure zich ervan vergewissen dat, ervoor zorgen dat

to manage zich redden, erin slagen

mango mangomanner manier(road)map (wegen)kaartmascara mascarato master meester worden,

onder de knie hebbenmatch match, wedstrijdmaths wiskunde

maybe misschienmeal maaltijdto mean menen, bedoelen,

betekenenmeat vleesmechanic mecanicienmedicine medicijn(en)(water)melon (water)meloenmember lidto mention vermeldenmenu menu, spijskaartmess warboel, troepmicrowave microgolfovenmilk melkmineral water mineraalwatermiserable ellendigto miss missenmonkey aapmother moedermouse muismoustache snormug beker, kroesto murder vermoordenmusic muziekmutton schapenvlees

N

nail nagelnaked naaktnapkin servetnationality nationaliteitnephew neef (zoon van

broer of zus)newsagent’s krantenwinkelnewspaper krantnext to naastniece nicht (dochter van

broer of zus)noise lawaainoisy lawaaierig(e),

luidruchtig(e)nosebleed bloedneusto notice vaststellen,

vermelden

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142 one hundred and forty-two

nurse verple(e)g(st)ernursery school kleuterschool

O

occupation beroepoffice worker kantoorbediendeoil olieto oil oliën, smerenon aan, oponce eens, eenmaalonion uiopinion opinie, meningopportunity gelegenheid, kansopposite 1 tegenover

2 tegenovergesteldeoptimistic optimistischorange sinaasappelorder bestellingto order bestellenout of uit, buiten, zonderoutside buitenovercrowded overbevolkt, overvoloverlooking met zicht opoverstressed gestrest, overspannenowl uilowner eigenaar

P

packet pakjepanther panterpaper 1 papier 2 krantparrot papegaaipassionate passioneel,

hartstochtelijkpassport paspoortpastry gebakpath padpatient geduldigP.E. L.O. (lichamelijke

opvoeding)green pea erwtpeace vredepeach perzik

pear peerto pedal fietsenpepper peperperfectionist perfectionist(e)perfume parfumpessimistic pessimistischphoto camera fototoestelpie taartpiece stukpig varkenpigsty varkensstalto pile up opstapelenpill pilpillow kussenpilot pilootpineapple ananasplain gewo(o)n(e),

eenvoudig(e)plait vlechtto plan plannenplate bordpleasant prettig, aangenaamplum pruimplumber loodgieterpocket money zakgeldpoem gedichtto point to wijzen naarpoint of view oogpunt, standpuntpoisonous giftig(e)policeman politiemanpolite beleefdponytail paardenstaartpoor arm(e)pork varkensvleesporter portier, kruierpossible mogelijk(e)postman postbodepoultry gevogeltepractical praktisch(e)prayer gebedto predict voorspellento prepare (voor)bereidenpresence aanwezigheidto presume veronderstellen,

aannemen

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143one hundred and forty-three

pretty 1 lief, aardig, mooi 2 tamelijk, vrij

priest priesterprimary school lagere schoolprivate privé, vertrouwelijkprobably waarschijnlijkto promise belovenproperty eigendomto provide voorziento pull out uittrekkenpullover pullover, truipumpkin pompoento punish straffenpunishment strafpuppy puppy, jong hondje

Q

R

rabbit konijnrain regenpatches of rain regenbuienraspberry framboosrational redelijk, verstandelijkR.E. godsdienstreading (hobby) lezenreason redenreceptionist receptionist(e)reliable betrouwbaarto rely on vertrouwen opto remind herinneren,

doen denken aanremote control afstandsbedieningto repeat herhalento report rapporteren,

verslag uitbrengenrequest verzoekto require vragen, vereisenreservation reservatieto reserve reserveren,

voorbehoudenrespect respectresponsible verantwoordelijk(e)restless rusteloos

revenge wraakrisk risicorole rolroll broodjeromance romance,

romantisch verhaalromantic romantischrubbish 1 vuilnis 2 flauwekulrucksack rugzakto rush rennen

S

on sale te koopsalt zoutsalty gezoutensandals sandalensanitary towel maandverbandsaucer schoteltjesausage worstto save sparen, bewarensaying gezegdeto scare bang makenscience wetenschapscone kleine, stevige caketo scream gillenseasick zeezieksecondary school middelbare schoolsecretary secretaris,

secretaressesecretive gesloten,

terughoudendto seek zoekenselfish egoïstischto sell verkopensense of besef van, gevoel voorsensitive sensitief, gevoeligto separate scheidento serve (be)dienento settle wonen, zich vestigento settle down tot rust komen,

bedarenshaky beverig(e)shame schandeshampoo shampoo

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144 one hundred and forty-four

to share delenshark haaished schuurtjesheep schaap (schapen)shirt hemdshoe schoenshop assistant winkelbediendeshopping (hobby) winkelen (hobby)short kortshorts short (korte broek)to shout schreeuwento show tonen, laten ziento show off zich aanstellen,

opscheppenshowers (overvloedige)

regenbuienshy verlegenside order bijgerechtsight (ge)zicht, schouwspelsilent zwijgzaam, stilsilly dom, dwaassimply eenvoudig,

gewoonwegsince sinds, sedertsincere oprechtsingle alleenstaand,

niet getrouwdsingle room eenpersoonskamerto sink zinkensister zusskateboarding (hobby) skateboardenskiing (hobby) skiënskirt rokto slam met een klap dichtslaanslice sneetje, schijfjeslight(ly) een beetjeslim slankto slip slippen, uitglijdenslug naakte slaksmall kleinsmell geurto smoke rokensmoky rokerigsnail huisjesslakto snore snurken

snow sneeuwsoap zeepsock sokson zoonsound geluidsoup bowl soepkom, soepbordsource bronto speed versnellen, opdrijvenspider spinspinach spinaziespirit geest, spooksplinter scherf, splintersporty sportiefto spot opmerken,

in de gaten krijgen(Brussels) sprouts spruitensquare vierkantsquirrel eekhoornstain vlekstain remover vlekkenmiddelstairs trappento stand behind achter iets of

iemand staanstar sterstarter voorgerechtto stay at verblijven into steal stelenstep stapstep…. stief….(French) stick stokbroodto stick up aanplakkensticking plasters kleefpleistersstockings kousenstove fornuisstraight (hair) recht, sluik (haar)strange vreemdstraw strostrawberry aardbeistress stress, spanningstrict streng, striktstring veter, koordstubborn koppigto stumble struikelensuddenly plots(eling)to suggest voorstellen, aanraden

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145one hundred and forty-five

suit (maat)pak, kostuumsuitcase koffersun zonsunglasses zonnebrilsunny spells zonnige periodessun(tan)oil zonnebrandoliesupermarket supermarktsupernatural bovennatuurlijk(e)to support bijstaan, steunensurfing the Net (hobby) surfen op het internetto suspect verdenkenswan zwaansweater sweaterto sweep vegensweet zoetsweet snoepjeto swim zwemmenswimming trunks zwembroeksyrup siroop

T

tablecloth tafelkleedtablespoon lepelplaying tabletennis (hobby) tafeltennis spelentalkative spraakzaam, praatziektall groottarantula tarantulato taste proeventeacher lerares, leraartear traanto tear scheurenteaspoon dessertlepel, theelepeltechnology technologieteenager tienertelephones telefoontoestellenplaying tennis (hobby) tennis spelentent tentterrible vreselijk(e)theft diefstalthough 1 toch 2 (al)hoewelthroughout helemaal door,

door heelto tidy up opruimentie (strop)das

tiger tijgertights nylons, pantytin bliktired moetiring vermoeiend(e)toilet toilettomato tomaattoothbrush tandenborsteltoothpaste tandpastatoothpick tandenstokertop topjetortoise (land)schildpadto touch aanrakentouchy lichtgeraakttourist toeristtourist guide toeristengidstowards naar….toe, in de

richting vantowel handdoektower torentoy shop speelgoedwinkeltradition traditietraffic verkeertrainers sportschoenentravel agent reisagenttravel agent’s reisbureautreatment behandelingtriangle driehoektrip trip, uitstapto trip struikelentrouble moeilijkheid,

probleemtrousers lange broektrust vertrouwento trust vertrouwento try proberenT-shirt T-shirtto turn on aanzettento turn up opdagenturtle (water)schildpadtwice tweemaaltwin room kamer met 2 beddentwisted verzwikt(e),

verstuikt(e)

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146 one hundred and forty-six

U

umbrella parapluuncle oomunder onderunderpants onderbroekunderstanding begripvol(le)unemployed werkloosunexpected onverwacht(e)unfair onfair(e), oneerlijk(e)unfriendly onvriendelijk(e)unhappy ongelukkig(e)uniform uniformunlucky ongelukkig(e)unpleasant onplezierig(e),

onaangena(a)m(e)untidy slordig(e)unusual ongewo(o)n(e)up op, (naar) bovenupper boven-, bovenste

V

vacancy 1 vacature 2 onbezette kamer(in hotel)

to vacuum stofzuigenveal kalfsvleesvegetables groentenvicar domineevictim slachtoffervideo camera videocameravinegar azijnvisit bezoekvoice stem

W

waffle wafelwaiter oberwatching TV tv kijkento water (the plants) (de planten)

water gevento wave wuiven, zwaaienwavy golvend

weather weerweather forecast weersvoorspellingwedding huwelijkweekly wekelijksto weigh wegenwet natto wet natmakenwhale walviswhatever wat (dan) ook,

welke (dan) ookwhisper gefluister, geruchtwife vrouw, echtgenoteto wipe (af)vegenwitty geestig, schranderwolf wolfwooden houtenworry zorgto worry zich zorgen makenwrong verkeerd

X

Y

not yet nog nietyoghurt yoghurtyouth hostel jeugdherberg

Z

zoo zoo, dierentuin

EXPRESSIONS

Be seated. Gaat u zitten.to be afraid bang zijnto be angry boos zijnto be ashamed beschaamd zijnto be bored verveeld zijnto be cheerful vrolijk, opgewekt zijnto be crazy gek zijnto be cross boos zijnto be delighted verrukt zijnto be disappointed ontgoocheld zijnto be disgusted walgen van

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147one hundred and forty-seven

to be down on smeken,your knees op je knieën vallento be embarrassed verward, verlegen zijnto be excited opgewonden zijnto be fed up het zat, beu zijnto be frightened bang zijnto be happy gelukkig zijnto be jealous jaloers zijnto be mad boos zijnto be nervous nerveus,

zenuwachtig zijnto be obsessed geobsedeerd zijnto be proud trots zijnto be sad verdrietig zijnto be safe veilig zijnto be scared bang zijnto be shocked ontzet zijnto be shy verlegen zijnto be sick and tired het meer dan beu zijnto be sorry spijt hebbento be sponsored gesponsord wordento be surprised verrast zijnto be terrified doodsbang zijnto be unhappy ongelukkig zijnto be upset van streek zijnto be worried bezorgd zijnI won’t be a minute. Ik ben zo klaar.

Ik kom dadelijk terug.bed and breakfast kamer en ontbijtto change your mind veranderen van meningto be in charge of belast zijn metto commit a crime een misdaad plegenmy cup of tea mijn dingOh dear! Och (hemel)!to do the dishes de vaat doento do the dusting stof afnemento do the gardening in de tuin werkento do the laundry de was doento do the washing up de vaat doento drive someone mad iemand gek makena black eye een blauw oogso far zover, tot nu toeto get involved in betrokken raken into get rid of kwijtrakento go shopping gaan winkelen

a new goal een nieuw doelHang on. Wacht even.to have an affair with een verhouding/

affaire hebben metLast but not least ‘t laatste, maar niet

’t minsteto lay the table de tafel dekkenNot in the least! Helemaal niet!What’s the matter? Wat scheelt er?out of order defecton her own alleento pay somebody iemand eena visit bezoekje brengenpie in the sky een luchtkasteelPiece of cake! Een makkie!to the point ter zaketo put the rubbish out de vuilnis buiten

zettento run the household het huishouden doenat … side aan … zijdeon the spot ter plaatse,

onmiddellijksure enough zo zeker als watto take part deelnemenas usual zoals gewoonlijkwith a view of met zicht opby the way tussen haakjes,

à proposto wipe the table de tafel afruimenworst of all het ergste van alles

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148 one hundred and forty-eight

▼ GRAMMAR SURVEY

1 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1.1 TO BE

POSITIVE (+) NEGATIVE (-)

I’m very rich. (am) I’m not from York. (am not)You’re from Manchester. (are) You’re not / aren’t on the list. (are not)He’s the new teacher. (is) He’s not / isn’t home tonight. (is not)She’s seven years old. She’s not / isn’t very tall.It’s a very big school. It’s not / isn’t a new school.

We’re all in class 4A. (are) We’re not / aren’t very happy. (are not)You’re very clever pupils. (are) You’re not / aren’t film stars. (are not)They’re late again. (are) They’re not / aren’t very kind. (are not)

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Are you the new headmaster? Yes, I am.No, I’m not.

Is she sweet? Yes, she is.No, she isn’t.

Am I in time? Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.

▲ We put the verb before the subject.

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

How is your school?Where are you from?What ’s your name?What ’s not nice about him?Who ’s your father?Who are you writing to?

▲ Question word / verb

1.2 CAN

POSITIVE (+) NEGATIVE (-)

I can read Chinese. I can’t speak Italian.You can You can’tHe can He can’tShe can She can’tIt can It can’tWe can We can’tYou can You can’tThey can They can’tsubject / can / infinitive without to subject / can’t / infinitive without to

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Can you sing? Yes, I can.Can’t you be on time? No, I can’t.Can(’t) / subject / infinitive without to Yes, No / subject / can(’t)

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

Who can play the piano? Tom can.Who can’t sing? Alice can’t.

Question word / can(’t) / infinitive without to

You use can(’t) to express what you can or cannot do.(Je gebruikt can(’t) om uit te drukken wat je al dan niet kunt.)

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1 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1.3 FORM OF OTHER VERBS

POSITIVE (+) NEGATIVE (-)

I work in a shop. I don’t work in a hotel.

You work at home a lot. You don’t work at school.

Kevin works every weekend. Kevin doesn’t work every day.

Kate sometimes works in a restaurant. Kate doesn’t always work in a restaurant.

Pluto always plays with our shoes. Pluto doesn’t play with my socks.

We often play football at school. We don’t always play football at school.

You play tennis on Sundays. You don’t play tennis on Fridays.

Sarah and Helen (=they) play in a hockey team. Sarah and Helen (=they) don’t play in a basketballteam.

Subject / (adverb of frequency) / Subject / don’t/doesn’t / (adverb of frequency) /

infinitive (without to) infinitive (without to)for the third person singular + S

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY say how often things happen.We place the adverbs of frequency in front of the main verb, except with the verb ‘to be’.(We plaatsen de ‘adverbs of frequency’ voor het hoofdwerkwoord, met uitzondering van het werkwoord ‘to be’.)e.g. I am always on time.

PRONUNCIATION OF THE 3RD PERSON -S

to pick he/she/it picks / s / after / k , f , p , t / (think of coffeepot)to get he/she/it gets up

to wash he/she/it washes / i z / after / s , z , ʃ, � / (hissing sounds)to watch he/she/it watches (sisklanken)to push he/she/it pushes

to throw he/she/it throws / z / after all other soundsto find he/she/it finds to drive he/she/it drives

SPELLING OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 3RD PERSON SINGULAR

to play he/she/it plays regular form + sto make he/she/it makes

to fly he/she/it flies consonant + y = y ➔ iesto tidy up he/she/it tidies up

to buy he/she/it buys vowel + y = + sto play he/she/it playsto say he/she/it says

to go he/she/it goes infinitives ending in o = + esto do he/she/it does

to wash he/she/it washes infinitives ending in hissing sounds = + esto dress he/she/it dresses

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Do I look OK in this jumper? Yes, you do.Do you buy The Times? No, I don’t.

Does Kevin like listening to music? Yes, he does.Does he like shopping with girls? No, he doesn’t.

Does Helen come to school on foot? No, she doesn’t.Does she go to school by bus? Yes, she does.

ccoonnssoonnaanntt = medeklinkervvoowweell = klinker

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150 one hundred and fifty

1 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Does the bus arrive at 9.15? Yes, it does.Does it take the children home No, it doesn’t.

again at twelve?

Do we learn English? Yes, you do.Do you watch TV every evening? No, we don’t.

Do the Addams look strange? Yes, they do.Do they live in Station Road? No, they don’t.

Do / subject / infinitive without toDoes

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

What do the Pearsons do on Sundays? They go out for picnics.Where does Mrs Pearson get lost? In the park.How does Philip come to school? By bus.Who do they call Flipper? Philip.Who does she go to school with? She goes to school withPeter.

▲ Question word / do/does / subject / infinitive without to / (preposition)

SUBJECT QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Who sits in front of the TV? Pluto does.Who likes pink tops? Helen does.What makes you feel happy? Love does.

WHO / WHAT (= SUBJECT) + verb

We don’t use ‘to do’ when the question word is the subject of the sentence and the verb is positive.BUT!Who doesn’t like dance music? ➔ The verb is negative.

QUESTION TAG QUESTIONS (?)

+ - +positive statement negative tag expected short answer

Pluto likes shoes, doesn’t he? Yes, he does.Kevin has a dog, doesn’t he? Yes, he does.

- + -negative statement positive tag expected short answer

Cats don’t bark, do they? No, they don’t.A taxidermist doesn’t drive taxis, does he? No, he doesn’t.

BUT!The tag of ‘I am’ is ‘aren’t I’.Example: This time I’m right, aren’t I?

Question Tag Questions with ‘to be’ and ‘can’ never take to do.Example: You can speak English, can’t you?

That’s not your English book, is it?

The simple present tense describes regular activities (e.g. hobbies). It's the common (=simple) form to talkabout the present.(‘The simple present tense’ beschrijft activiteiten die regelmatig voorkomen (bv. hobby’s). Het is de meestgebruikelijke vorm om over de tegenwoordige tijd te praten.)

1.4 USE

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151one hundred and fifty-one

2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

2.1 FORM

POSITIVE (+) AND NEGATIVE (-)

I ’m (not) reading a book.am (not)

You ’re (not) going to the shops.are (not)aren’t

He ’s (not) playing in the garden.She is (not)It isn’t

We ’re (not) wearing blue trousers.You are (not)They aren’t

subject to be (not) ing-form

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Am I dreaming? Yes, you are.No, you’re not.

Are you sleeping? Yes, I am.No, I’m not.

Is he working? Yes, he is.she No, she’s not.it

Are we winning? Yes, we are.No, we aren’t.

you travelling? Yes, we are.No, we aren’t.

they writing? Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.

to be subject ing-form

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

What am I doing?Why are you leaving?Who is she talking to?

heWhere are we going?

youthey

question word to be subject ing-form (preposition)

SPELLING OF THE –ING FORM

I am playing play + inggoing go + ing infinitive + ingworking work + ing

writing write + ing infinitive ends in e: e + ingdriving drive + ing

sitting sit + t + ing When the infinitive ends in arunning run + n + ing syllable with a short vowelforgetting forget + t + ing and one final consonant

AND that syllable is stressed:▲ final consonant is doubled

entering enter + ing last syllable is not stressed:budgeting budget + ing infinitive + ingopening open + inghappening happen + ing

travelling travel + l + ing infinitive ending in –el:modelling model + l + ing ‘l’ is doubled

syllable: lettergreepconsonant: medeklinkervowel: klinkerstressed: beklemtoond

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2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

3 SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Mind!for’get forgettingLast syllable of the infinitive is stressed.‘enter enteringLast syllable of the infinitive is NOT stressed.

QUESTION TAG QUESTIONS (?)

+ - +positive statements negative tags expected short answer

You are answering, aren’t you? Yes, I am.Your back is hurting today, isn’t it? Yes, it is.I am coughing all the time, aren’t I? Yes, you are.

- + -negative statements positive tags expected short answer

I’m not missing school all week, am I? No, you aren’t.You aren’t playing well, are you? No, I’m not.He isn’t swimming, is he? No, he isn’t.

2.2 USE

The present continuous tense describes what’s (not) happening NOW.(De present continuous beschrijft wat er nu (niet) aan het gebeuren is.)

3.1 FORM (REGULAR VERBS)

PRESENT PAST

jump jumped To make the regular past tenseclimb climbed we add –ed.look lookedplay playedB U T !

live lived If the infinitive ends in -e, arrive arrived we only add –d.phone phoned

stop stopped If the infinitive ends in a stressedprefer preferred syllable with a short voweltravel travelled and 1 final consonant, we

double the consonant.We do the same if the infinitiveends in – el.(In American English the final-l isn’t doubled: ‘traveled’)

BUT!enter entered ‘Enter’ doesn’t end in a

stressed syllable.

try tried If the infinitive ends in acarry carried consonant + -y, marry married y ➔ ied

3.2 FORM (IRREGULAR VERBS)

See grammar survey on p. 153.

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153one hundred and fifty-three

3 SIMPLE PAST TENSE

NEGATIVE (-)

I didn’t fall over her handbag.You didn’t do it on purpose.Kevin didn’t think Helen’s a vegetarian.We didn’t play with it.You didn’t taste it at all.They didn’t arrive in time.subject / didn’t / infinitive without to

YES/NO-QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Did I look OK in this jumper? Yes, you did.Did you read The Times? No, I didn’t.Did Kevin like listening to music? Yes, he did.Did Helen go to school on foot? No, she didn’t.Did the bus leave at 9.15? Yes, it did.Did we speak English? Yes, we did.Did they meet each other? No, they didn’t.Did you enjoy this? Yes, we did.Did / subject / infinitive without to

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

What did the Pearsons do on Sundays? They went out for picnics.Where did Mrs Pearson get lost? In the park.How did Philip come to school? By bus.Who did they call Flipper? Philip.Who did they have dinner with? With Peter and Paula.

Question word / did / subject / infinitive without to / (preposition)

SUBJECT QUESTIONS (?)

Who sat in front of the TV? Pluto did.Who liked pink tops? Helen did.What made you feel happy? Love did.

WHO / WHAT (= SUBJECT) + verb in the simple past tense

We don’t use ‘to do’ when the question word is the subject of a positive question.BUTWho didn’t eat breakfast yesterday?

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF TO BE, CAN, HAVE

to be can have

I you he she It we you they

was(n’t)were(n’t)was(n’t)was(n’t)was(n’t)were(n’t)were(n’t)were(n’t)

I you he she It we you they

could(n’t)could(n’t)could(n’t)could(n’t)could(n’t)could(n’t)could(n’t)could(n’t)

I youhe she It we you they

had(n’t)/didn’t havehad(n’t)/didn’t havehad(n’t)/didn’t havehad(n’t)/didn’t havehad(n’t)/didn’t havehad(n’t)/didn’t havehad(n’t)/didn’t havehad(n’t)/didn’t have

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: PRONUNCIATION

to work he workedto cough I coughedto watch we watched [ t ] after [ k, f, ∫ ,p, s ]to stop he stoppedto kiss they kissed think of the word ‘coffeeshops’

to start we started [ i d ] after [ t, d ]to need you needed

to try I triedto live they lived [ d ] after all other soundsto arrive we arrived

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154 one hundred and fifty-four

3 SIMPLE PAST TENSE

3.3 USE

The simple past tense is PAST = the period is over.(De ‘simple past’ is de verleden tijd = de periode ligt in het verleden.)e.g. yesterday, last week … are signal words.

The common (or SIMPLE) form used to talk about actions in the past.(De gewone vorm om over gebeurtenissen in het verleden te praten.)

4 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

4.1 FORM

POSITIVE (+) and NEGATIVE ( -)

I was (not) reading a magazine.wasn’t

You were (not) going to the bank.weren’t

He was (not) playing tennis.She wasn’tItWe were (not) wearing white T-shirts.You weren’tThey

subject to be (not) ing-form

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Was I dreaming? Yes, you were.No, you were n’t.

Were you trying? Yes, I was.No, I wasn’t.

Was he swimming? Yes, he was.she No, she wasn’t.it

Were we winning? Yes, you were.No, you were n’t.

you travelling? Yes, we were.No, we were n’t.

they leaving? Yes, they were.No, they weren’t.

to be subject ing-form

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

What was I singing?Why were you crying?Who was she playing with?

heWhere were we heading for?

youthey

QUESTION to be subject ing-form (preposition)WORD

4.2 USE

The past continuous tense describes what was going on in the past.(De past continuous tense beschrijft wat er aan het gebeuren was in het verleden.)

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155one hundred and fifty-five

5 SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

5.1 FORM

POSITIVE (+) and NEGATIVE ( -)

I ‘ve (not) started the car.You haveHe ‘s cleaned up the house.She hasItWe ‘ve phoned the police.You haveThey

subject ‘ve (have) past participle‘s (has)

Careful! Short forms past participle = voltooid deelwoordHe’s working. (He is working.) The past participle of regular verbs has the same form asHe’s worked. (He has worked.) the simple past. For the irregular verbs see p. 153.

QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Have you lost anything? Yes, I have.No, I haven’t.

Has she met him lately? Yes, she has.No, she hasn’t.

Who has she kissed?Where have you been today?

question word have/has subject past participle

Watch out! In subject questions the question word is the subject!e.g.:

Who has made that movie?What has gone into her?

5.2 USEThe speaker uses the simple present perfect tense when a present situation or state (present) makes him lookback to the past (perfect).There is no stress on the duration (simple).(Je gebruikt de simple present perfect tense als je vanuit het heden terugkijkt naar het verleden. De duur wordtniet benadrukt.)Signal words: yet, already, since …, for …., just

6 GOING TO- FUTURE

6.1 FORM

I ‘m (not) going to talk to her.am (not)

You/They/We ‘re (not) pay him a visit.are(n’t)are (not)

He/She/It ‘s (not) build a new house.is(n’t)is (not)

subject to be (not) going to Infinitive without to

6.2 USEWe use the going to-future to talk about intentions or plans.(We gebruiken de 'going to-future' om te zeggen wat we van plan zijn (niet) te doen.)

We also use the going to-future when we see the future in the present.(We gebruiken de 'going to-future' ook wanneer we vanuit het heden kunnen veronderstellen wat er in de toe-komst zal gebeuren.)

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156 one hundred and fifty-six

7 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

7.1 FORM

POSITIVE (+) and NEGATIVE ( -)

I ‘ll (not) drink.You will (not) play.He won’t work.SheItWeYouTheysubject ‘ll (not) / will (not) / won’t infinitive without to

YES/NO QUESTIONS (?) SHORT ANSWERS

Will I find a lover? Yes, you will.Won’t you No, you won’t.

he/she/itweyouthey

Will / Won’t subject infinitive without to

QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS (?)

When will I know for sure?

Question word / will / subject / infinitive without to

SUBJECT QUESTIONS (?)

Who will win her love?

who / what (= subject) / will / infinitive without to

7.2 USEThe simple future tense is the common form to talk about the future and to make predictions about the future.(De 'simple future tense’ is de meest gebruikelijke vorm om over de toekomstige tijd te praten en om voorspellingen te doen.)

8 IMPERATIVE

8.1 FORM

+ -

Turn left at the crossroads. Don’t park here.Follow that car. Don’t get lost.Try again. Don’t feed the animals.

The imperative is the infinitive without ‘to’. The imperative is ‘don’t’ + the infinitive without ‘to’.

8.2 USEWe use imperatives for instructions, advice and to tell people what (not) to do.(We gebruiken ‘imperatives’ voor instructies, advies en om mensen te zeggen wat ze al dan niet moeten doen.)

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157one hundred and fifty-seven

9 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitiveto beto becometo beginto bendto breakto bringto buildto buycanto catchto chooseto cometo costto cutto doto drawto drinkto driveto eatto fallto feedto feelto fightto findto flyto forgetto getto giveto goto growto haveto hearto hideto hitto holdto hurtto keepto knowto layto leadto leaveto learnto lendto letto lieto loseto maketo meanto meetto payto putto readto rideto ringto riseto runto sayto seeto sellto sendto shootto showto shutto sing

Simple Past was/werebecamebeganbentbrokebroughtbuiltboughtcouldcaughtchosecamecostcutdiddrewdrankdroveatefellfedfeltfoughtfoundflewforgotgotgavewentgrewhadheardhidhitheldhurtkeptknewlaidledleftlearntlentletlaylostmademeantmetpaidputreadroderangrose ransaidsawsoldsentshotshowedshutsang

Past Participlebeenbecomebegunbentbrokenbroughtbuiltbought-caughtchosencomecostcutdonedrawndrunkdriveneatenfallenfedfeltfoughtfoundflownforgottengotgivengonegrownhadheardhiddenhitheldhurtkeptknownlaidledleftlearntlentletlainlostmademeantmetpaidputreadriddenrungrisenrunsaidseensoldsentshotshownshutsung

Translationzijnwordenbeginnenbuigenbrekenbrengenbouwenkopenkunnenvangenkiezenkomenkostensnijdendoentekenendrinkenrijdenetenvallenvoeden, voederenvoelenvechtenvindenvliegenvergetenkrijgengevengaangroeienhebbenhorenverbergenslaan, rakenhoudenbezeren, pijn doenhoudenweten, kennenleggenleidenvertrekkenlerenuitlenenlatenliggenverliezenmakenmenen, betekenenontmoetenbetalenplaatsen, zettenlezenrijdenbellenrijzen, opstaanlopenzeggenzienverkopenzendenschietentonensluitenzingen

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158 one hundred and fifty-eight

10 POSSESSIVE

I’m in the same class as Philip.

You’re in class 8B.

He’s not friendly.She’s so beautiful.It’s a new school.

We aren’t friends at all.

You’re thirteen.

They’re in love.

THE POSSESSIVE

My name is Kevin Pearson.

What’s your name?

His tricks are so funny.Her surname is Griffin.Its playground is very big.

Mr Campbell is our French teacher.

Your English books are great.

Their house is in Selby Road.

9 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitiveto sinkto sitto sleepto speakto spellto spendto standto stealto stickto swimto taketo teachto tellto thinkto throwto understandto waketo wearto winto write

Simple Pastsanksatsleptspokespeltspentstoodstolestuckswamtooktaughttoldthoughtthrewunderstoodwokeworewonwrote

Past Participlesunksatsleptspokenspeltspentstoodstolenstuckswumtakentaughttoldthoughtthrownunderstoodwokenwornwonwritten

Translationzinkenzittenslapensprekenspellenuitgeven, spenderenstaanstelenklem zitten, klevenzwemmennemenaanleren, lesgevenvertellendenkengooienbegrijpen, verstaan(ont)wakendragenwinnenschrijven

11 SOME & ANY

SOME (+)

There are some nice blouses in the window.I’d like some more coffee.

Use: We use some in positive sentences.

ANY (-)

I can’t see any ships at sea.There aren’t any brown trousers left.

ANY (?)

Do you need any milk?Do you have any black skirts?

Use: We use any in negative sentences and in questions.

Could you show me some more suits? requests ➔ someWould you like some pink underwear? }

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159one hundred and fifty-nine

12 GENITIVE

Homer’s wifeMarge’s husbandthe son’s nameLisa and Maggie’s brother + ’sBart’s sistersthe children’s grandfather____________________________________________________________________________________________________

the daughters’ names + ’the Simpsons’ neighbours plurals ending in –s only take an apostrophe____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Mr Burns’s assistant + ‘(s)Ned and Maude Flanders’s sons names ending in –s mostly take ’s

(sometimes you also see the apostrophe alone)

13 PLURAL OF NOUNS

PRONUNCIATION

Singular Plurala book seventeen booksan Indian chief two Indian chiefs / s /a shop five shops after / k, f, p, t /a cat eleven cats think of coffeepot

a page twelve pagesa pencil case eight pencil cases / i z / an exercise fourteen exercisesa box three boxes after hissing soundsa match six matches

a brother three brothersa pencil nineteen pencils / z /a pen sixteen pens after all other sounds

SPELLING

Singular Plurala cat cats regular form +sa dog dogsa horse horsesa monkey monkeys= vowel + y(vowel = klinker)

a puppy puppies y ➔ iesa baby babies(consonant + y)(consonant = medeklinker)

a bus busesa box boxes after a hissing sound + esa match matches

a man men [men] sounds as ‘pen’ irregular pluralsa woman women [‘wImIn] sounds as ‘swimming’a child children

BUT!one sheep - two sheepone fish - two fishone mouse - two miceone goose - two geeseone wolf - two wolves

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160 one hundred and sixty

15 MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF

MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF

We use much and many in negative sentences and questions and with so, as and too.

much before uncountable nounsmany before (plural) countable nouns

examples:How much money does she want?How many pairs of shoes do you have?There isn’t much time left.There aren’t many children in that school.There are too many people in this room.We had to much fun yesterday.Did you get as many visitors as last year?

We use a lot of in positive sentences (both with countable and uncountable nouns).

examples:There is a lot of work to be done.We used to have a lot of friends in those days.

In spoken English a lot of is also used in questions and negative sentences.

examples:There isn’t a lot of time left.Are there a lot of people in the shop?

14 COMPARISONS

BUT!adjective comparative superlative

GOOD BETTER BESTBAD WORSE WORSTFAR FURTHER FURTHEST

MUCH/MANY MORE MOSTLITTLE LESS LEAST

1 syllable shorthigh

shorter (than)higher

(the) shortesthighest

nicelarge

nicerlarger

nicestlargest

hotwet

hotterwetter

hottestwettest

2 syllables

adjectives ending in –y, -er, -le

heavyhappysimpleclever

heavierhappiersimplercleverer

heaviesthappiestsimplestcleverest

2 or more syllables tiredhandsomebeautiful

more tired more handsomemore beautiful

most tiredmost handsomemost beautiful

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

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