new additional phase ii activities matthiessen and hegeler zinc … · 2020. 9. 8. · company...

1 S. Wacker Drive, 37th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606

Tel 312.201.7700 Fax 312.938.0118

March 5, 2014

Ms. Demaree Collier

Work Assignment Manager

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

77 West Jackson (SR-6J)

Chicago, Illinois 60604

Subject: Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum

Additional Phase II Activities

Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site, Operable Unit 2

Contract No. EP-S5-06-02, Work Assignment No. 132-RICO-B568

Dear Ms. Collier:

SulTRAC is pleased to submit the attached Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) Addendum -

Additional Phase II Activities. This is an addendum to the document, “Attachment B, Quality Assurance

Project Plan - Revision 1, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc

Company Site,” dated August 21, 2012. This QAPP Addendum is based on the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) approved Work Plan, Revision 3 for the Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc

Company Site, dated December 19, 2013

As described in the associated Field Sampling Plan Addendum, “Attachment A, Phase II Field Sampling

Plan - Addendum, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company

Site,” dated March 5, 2014, additional surface soil samples will be collected at residences within

Operable Unit 2 (OU2) and submitted to a subcontracted laboratory for relative bioavailability of lead

and arsenic. These data will be used to further support the remedial investigation and associated risk

assessment.

The following Worksheets were revised to reflect changes to the QAPP:

Worksheet #11– Project Quality Objectives/Systematic Planning Process Statements

Worksheet #12 – Measurement Performance Criteria Table

Worksheet #14 – Summary of Project Tasks

Worksheet #15 – Reference Limits and Evaluation Table

Worksheet #17 – Sampling Design and Rationale

Worksheet #18 – Sampling Locations/IDs, Sample Depths, Sample Analyses and Sampling

Procedures Table

Worksheet #20 – Field Quality Control Sample Summary Table

Worksheet #21 – Project Sampling SOP References Table

Worksheet #23 – Analytical SOP References Table

Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site, Operable Unit 2

Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum

Worksheet #28 – QC Samples Table

Worksheet #30 – Analytical Services Table

In addition, Figure 6, Proposed Residential Surface Soil Sample Location Map, was added.

Changes on each of these worksheets are in bold.

SulTRAC appreciates the opportunity to serve EPA on this project and welcomes any comments or

suggestions you may have. Please feel free to contact me at (312) 443-0550 X 12 should you have

any questions regarding this material.

Sincerely,

William Earle SulTRAC Project Manager

cc: Ms. Alida Roberman, EPA QAPP Reviewer (letter only)

.

Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014

Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568

QAPP WORKSHEET #11

PROJECT QUALITY OBJECTIVES/SYSTEMATIC PLANNING PROCESS STATEMENTS

(UFP QAPP Section 2.6.1)

Who will use the data: EPA Region 5 and SulTRAC will use the data.

What will the data be used for? During the Phase II field investigation, the data will be used to further characterize contamination sources

as well as delineate the extent of contamination at the OU2 M&H Site. Data from both the Phase I and Phase II field investigations will be

used to conduct a risk assessment for the entire M&H Site and to evaluate remedial alternatives as part of the FS.

What type of data are needed (target analytes, analytical groups, field screening, on-site analytical or off-site laboratory techniques,

sampling techniques)? Air, soil (surface and subsurface), building material, surface water, and groundwater samples will be collected from

the OU2 M&H Site. Air samples will be collected during an 8-hour sampling period prior to Phase II field sampling. Soil samples will be

collected from borings and as surface grab samples. Building materials will be collected as grab samples from existing building structures

and residual material piles from collapsed and demolished buildings. Surface water samples will be collected from eight locations of known

areas of surface water documented on site. Groundwater samples will be collected from groundwater monitoring wells. Field screening

instruments will include (1) an Innov-X XRF analyzer to detect metals in soils, (2) a PCB/chloride analyzer to confirm PCBs in soils near

Building 100, (3) a photoionization detector (PID) to screen all groundwater and soil boring samples, and (4) a water quality meter to

monitor all groundwater parameters during sampling. Additionally, soil, sinter, and slag samples will be collected from throughout OU2,

including up to ten residential surface soil locations for relative bioavailability testing of lead and arsenic, in addition to TAL metals

(including mercury). Objectives of the baseline ecological risk assessment are to gain an understanding of the potential uptake of site-

specific contaminants by native plants and to provide site-specific information on the potential movement of contaminants within the food

chain. Therefore, SulTRAC will attempt to collect six vegetation sample pairs (12 samples) consisting of an aboveground sample and an

underground sample. SulTRAC will also attempt to collect approximately 75 earthworms at five locations within each of the four defined

on-site habitat areas. As a contingency, 10 soil samples will be collected from each of the four identified habitats at the M&H Site. These

soil samples will be used in 28-day bioavailability testing using earthworms and lettuce seedlings at a subcontracted laboratory that

specializes in these types of bioavailability tests and tissue analyses.

How “good” do the data need to be in order to support the environmental decision? Ultimately, the data need to allow full assessment

of the nature and extent of contamination in the soil/solid, water, and biota samples collected by SulTRAC. The data also need to be

validated and used to support risk assessment and the evaluation of remedial alternatives.

QAPP WORKSHEET #11 (CONTINUED)


Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site March 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568

How much data are needed (number of samples for each analytical group, matrix, and concentration)? SulTRAC will collect 4 air

samples (two inside the rolling mill and two in the main plant area); 120 samples from 60 soil borings; 50 building material samples; 8

surface water samples; and groundwater samples from 19 Phase I monitoring wells for the June 2008 groundwater event and from 36

monitoring wells (including 17 newly installed Phase II monitoring wells) thereafter for the seven quarters of groundwater sampling events

scheduled during the Phase II field investigation. In addition, 10 surface soil samples will be collected from residential surface soil

locations.

In addition, QC samples will be collected and analyzed, including duplicates, matrix spikes (MS), matrix spike duplicates (MSD), and trip

blanks.

Where, when, and how should the data be collected/generated? Phase II sampling activities will take place during Summer and Fall

2008 at the OU2 M&H Site. Prior to any intrusive field sampling, four locations will be sampled for asbestos, two areas inside the rolling

mill and two areas in the main plant. Samples will be collected from 60 soil boring locations (two sampled depth intervals each), 50

building structures, 8 surface water locations, and 19 Phase I monitoring wells and 17 newly installed Phase II monitoring wells.

Soil borings at 10 of the 60 soil sampling locations will be advanced to a depth greater than 12 feet below ground surface (bgs) depending

on PCB concentrations in the area of known PCB contamination at 12 feet bgs. All soil borings will be advanced by the Geoprobe®. All

monitoring wells will be installed using rotosonic or hollow-stem auger drilling techniques. All intrusive work will be performed by

subcontractors with a SulTRAC geologist.

During the spring of 2014, additional surface soil samples collected by a hand auger from 10 residential locations. (see Figure 6)

SulTRAC anticipates hiring subcontractors to perform monitoring well and piezometer installation, direct-push technology (Geoprobe®)

soil sampling, site surveying, site security, and site trailer mobilization.

Who will collect and generate the data? SulTRAC will collect the samples discussed herein. A subcontracted laboratory will analyze air,

soil, and solid samples for asbestos. A laboratory from the EPA CLP will analyze soil, building material, groundwater, and surface water

samples for VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, and TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide. Additionally, a laboratory from the EPA

CLP will analyze soil samples (from the main plant area) for TCLP metals and SPLP metals, and building materials samples for TCLP

metals. A modified analysis will need to be ordered for building materials because of their overall size -- it will be difficult and near

impossible to grind and homogenize stone, brick, and wood samples in the field, and the CLP laboratories will need to perform this process.

Another modified analysis will need to be ordered to include hardness analysis for surface water samples by the CLP laboratories. All

modified analyses requests will be submitted 3 weeks in advance to the EPA Sample Management Office (SMO). SulTRAC also

anticipates submitting vegetation and soil invertebrate and/or soil/sinter/slag samples to a subcontracted laboratory for bioavailability and

bioassessibility testing.




How will the data be reported? Data will be reported by the CLP laboratory using standard CLP data reporting techniques. Data will be

reported in electronic and hard-copy form. Subcontracted laboratory data will be reported by the subcontracted laboratory using standard

data reporting techniques. SulTRAC is responsible for conducting asbestos, bioassessibility, and bioavailability validation of the analytical

data generated by the subcontracted laboratory.

How will the data be archived? Electronic and hard copies of CLP analytical data will be archived by the CLP laboratory. Electronic and

hard copies of subcontracted laboratory data will be archived by the SulTRAC analytical coordinator. Field data (notebooks, sampling

sheets, etc.) will be maintained at SulTRAC’s Chicago office. SulTRAC will also provide 10-year data storage.



QAPP WORKSHEET #12

MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA TABLE

Matrix Soil

Analytical Group1

Relative

Bioavailability(RBA)

of Lead3

Concentration

Level

Multi-concentration

Sampling

Procedure1

Analytical Method

SOP2 DQIs Measurement Performance Criteria

QC Sample and/or

Activity Used to

Assess

Measurement

Performance

QC Sample Assesses

Error for Sampling

(S), Analytical (A), or

both (S&A)

S-3 A-11 Precision RPD ≤ 50% Field duplicate S & A

S-3 A-11 Accuracy/

Bias-Contamination

Lead < QL Rinsate blank S & A

S-3 A-11

Accuracy/Bias

NIST 2710a acceptable range 60.7-

74.2%R Control Soil A

S-3 A-11 Accuracy/Bias Lead : 85-115 %R LCS A

S-3 A-11

Accuracy/Bias

Lead : 75-125 %R

MS A

S-3 A-11 Precision Lead: < 20% RPD Laboratory duplicate A

S-3 A-11 Sensitivity/Contamin

ation Metal <QL Method blank A

S-3 A-11 Completeness ≥ 90% Data completeness

defined as data not

qualified as rejected

after validation

S & A



MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA TABLE


Notes:

DQI Data quality indicator

LCS Laboratory control Sample

MS Matrix spike

QL Quantitation limit

%R Percent recovery

RPD Relative percent difference 1 Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #21 2 Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #23 3 Residential soils will also be analyzed for TAL metals ( including mercury)



QAPP WORKSHEET #14

SUMMARY OF PROJECT TASKS


Sampling Tasks:

1. Conduct asbestos air monitoring at two locations inside the rolling mill and at two locations in the former main industrial plant

area where analytical results indicated the highest detections of asbestos in soils during Phase I. The highest asbestos

concentrations were detected during Phase I inside the former main industrial plant.

2. Collect soil samples from 60 soil borings at two distinct depths (surface and subsurface).

3. Collect solid samples from 50 building structures.

4. Perform soil XRF screenings in remote areas not sampled using the Geoprobe®, and collect approximately 50 surface soil

samples for CLP analysis.

5. Collect groundwater samples from 19 Phase I monitoring wells during June 2008 and then from the additional 17 newly installed

Phase II monitoring wells (total of 36 monitoring wells) thereafter.

6. Collect surface water samples from eight locations at the beginning and end of Summer 2008.

7. Collect soil, sinter, and slag samples for relative bioavailability testing for lead and arsenic throughout OU2 (including

residential locations). Samples will also be tested for TAL metals (including mercury). 8. Collect paired vegetation and soil invertebrate or soil, sinter, slag samples for bioavailability testing.

9. Take digital photographs to document activities.

10. Log activities and tasks in field notebook.

11. Prepare sample documentation such as chain-of-custody forms, sample labels, custody seals, etc.

Analysis Tasks: The CLP laboratory will analyze samples for VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, TAL metals (including mercury) and

cyanide, TCLP metals, and SPLP metals. A subcontracted laboratory will analyze samples for asbestos in air samples, with performance

evaluation samples (provided by the EPA SMO). SulTRAC also anticipates submitting soil/sinter/slag samples for bioassessibility to a

subcontracted laboratory. Additionally, SulTRAC anticipates submitting paired vegetation and soil invertebrate samples to a

subcontracted laboratory for tissue analyses, with a contingency plan of sending to a subcontracted laboratory representative soil, sinter,

and slag samples in which to grow lettuce and to determine earthworm lethality.

QC Tasks: The following QC samples will be collected and analyzed during the sampling event: field duplicates, MS/MSD samples,

rinsate blanks, and trip blanks.

Secondary Data: See Worksheet #13

Data Management Tasks: Analytical data will be archived in an electronic database after validation.


SUMMARY OF PROJECT TASKS


Documentation and Records: All samples collected will be documented in a logbook using a ballpoint pen. The time of collection,

identification number, sampling location, field observations, sampler’s name, and analyses will be recorded in the logbook for each

sample. Each page of the logbook will be dated, numbered, and signed by SulTRAC personnel. Field data records will be maintained at

SulTRAC’s Chicago office. SulTRAC will follow custody procedures outlined in SulTRAC’s program-level QAPP for the RAC 2

contract. Further specifications are described in the FSP.

Assessment/Audit Tasks: An audit of one off-site laboratory (asbestos analysis) is planned as part of this project.

Data Review Tasks: EPA will perform limited CADRE for all CLP data and will prepare a case narrative detailing any issues or

inconsistencies discovered. SulTRAC will review data generated by subcontracted laboratories. The SulTRAC project manager will

review the case narrative and will detail any analytical issues that may potentially affect data quality in the RI/FS report.



QAPP WORKSHEET #15

REFERENCE LIMITS AND EVALUATION TABLE


Reference Limits Table – Soil

Analytical Group Analyte CAS Number Project Action Limit Reporting Limit

RBA Arsenic 7440-38-2 N/A N/A

RBA Lead 7439-92-1 N/A N/A

Notes:

No project action limits are available. Analytical results will be used to calculate risk based values in the RI/FS. Results reported as a percentage of total lead and

arsenic available.

N/A Not available


QAPP WORKSHEET #17

SAMPLING DESIGN AND RATIONALE


Describe the sampling design and rationale in terms of what matrices will be sampled, what analytical groups will be analyzed and at what

concentration levels, the sampling locations (including QC, critical, and background samples), the number of samples to be collected, and

the sampling frequency (including seasonal considerations). (May refer to map or Worksheet #18 for details).

Based on the preliminary results of the 2007 Phase I field investigation, the nature of contamination at the OU2 M&H Site has been fairly well

characterized. The Phase II field investigation will further characterize the contamination sources and delineate the extent of contamination.

Therefore, soil, solids, groundwater, and surface water samples will be collected as summarized below.

Prior to field activities, asbestos air samples will be collected from two locations inside the rolling mill during an active business day within the

facility and two downwind locations from areas found to have the highest asbestos concentrations in surface soils within the main industrial area.

SulTRAC anticipates submitting four air samples and approximately 30 soil, 50 building material, and 10 performance evaluation samples for

asbestos analysis (provided by EPA SMO).

Surface and subsurface soil samples will be collected from 60 borings at two depth intervals per boring. The 60 soil borings will be located as

follows: (1) 10 soil borings will be located in the north area of the OU2 M&H Site; (2) 10 soil borings will be located in the northeast periphery of

the OU2 M&H Site (east of the Central Railroad and west of the Little Vermilion River); (3) 10 soil borings will be located in the main industrial

area; (4) 10 soil borings will be located around Building 100; (5) 10 soil borings will be located in the exterior northwest corner of the rolling mill;

and (6) 10 soil borings will be installed inside the rolling mill (see Figure 2).

Fifty of these soil borings will be advanced to a depth of 12 feet below ground surface (bgs) unless refusal is encountered before 12 feet. The

remaining 10 soil borings (near Building 100) will be advanced to a depth greater than 12 feet bgs depending on PCB concentrations in an area of

known PCB contamination at 12 feet bgs. In this known PCB contamination area, near Building 100, SulTRAC will be using PCB-specific

chemistry field kits to determine PCB concentrations at depths greater than 12 feet. The goal is to continue Geoprobe activities with depth until no

PCBs are detected via field kit results. This “clean” deep horizon will then be sampled and sent to the CLP laboratory for verification.

All the surface and subsurface samples from the combined 30 soil borings in the north area, northeast periphery area, and inside the rolling mill will

be analyzed for TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide, VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, and pesticides; only these surface samples will also be

analyzed for asbestos. All the surface and subsurface samples from the 10 soil borings located in the main industrial area will be sampled for

metals and undergo the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) with five samples also being analyzed via the toxicity characteristic

leaching procedure (TCLP). Samples from the 10 soil boring locations in the exterior northwest corner of the rolling mill will be analyzed for

VOCs, and TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide. The 10 soil borings located by Building 100 will be analyzed for PCBs, and TAL metals

(including mercury) and cyanide. Soil boring samples will be continuously collected using direct-push technology. Of the above listed soil boring

locations, 10 will be advanced by an all-terrain vehicle-mounted Geoprobe®, and an additional 10 borings will be drilled by hand-augering or using

a hand Geoprobe®. Samples will be analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, metals, TCLP metals, and SPLP metals.




During the Phase II field investigation, SulTRAC will coordinate with the EPA’s FIELDS team in screening approximately 200 surface soil

locations with an Innov-X XRF analyzer in an unbiased sampling approach using site sampling grids combined with EPA’s rapid assessment tools

(RAT). The purpose of the XRF field program is to gain extensive and high spatial resolution metals concentrations for the metals of interest

(based on the Phase I results)—arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc. This is particularly important in areas difficult for Geoprobe to access,

and for sampling in an unbiased manner during Phase II in order to determine contamination extent. SulTRAC will collect approximately 50

samples from these screened XRF locations for analytical measurement via CLP laboratory. These 50 samples will be analyzed for TAL metals

(including mercury) and cyanide. These fixed lab results will be calibrated against the XRF results at the 50 locations from which the samples had

been collected for fixed-lab analysis, creating a calibration curve against which all OU2 M&H Site XRF data can be matched.

SulTRAC will collect 50 building material samples from building structures throughout the OU2 M&H Site to be analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs,

PCBs, pesticides, TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide, and TCLP metals (see Figure 3).

Seventeen new monitoring wells and six piezometers will be installed during July and August 2008 (see Figure 4). The 17 new monitoring wells

will be developed and advanced to depths ranging approximately from 13 to 44 feet bgs. Six monitoring wells will be installed around the rolling

mill to further delineate TCE contamination; one monitoring well will be installed near Building 100 to further delineate PCB contamination; 7

monitoring wells will be installed in the former main processing area; 2 monitoring wells will be installed in the northern area of the OU2 M&H

Site, and 1 additional monitoring well will be installed on the western perimeter of the site. The groundwater sampling program will include a total

of 7 quarters of groundwater sampling, of which 6 of the seven events will include both Phase I (19) and Phase II (17) monitoring wells. Samples

will be collected from all 36 wells for analysis for VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides, PCBs, and TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide during the

four initial quarters. After the first four initial quarterly sampling events, analytical data will be evaluated to determine the chemicals of interest for

each well. A technical memorandum will be submitted to the EPA detailing the limited analyte groups (chemicals of interest) that will be sampled

for the second year of groundwater sampling (four quarters). SulTRAC assumes that for Phase I and Phase II second round of quarterly of sampling

all monitoring wells will be sampled for TAL metals (including mercury) and cyanide, and one-third of the monitoring wells will be sampled for the

other analyte groups (VOC, SVOC, pesticides, PCBs). The criteria used to select the monitoring well locations included geographic spread,

expected high and low contaminant concentrations, location, and groundwater depth. Groundwater samples will be collected from the installed and

developed monitoring wells constructed of PVC casing and a PVC 10-foot, 10 slot screen.

During the Phase II field investigation, SulTRAC will also collect surface water samples on two separate days. Two hydrologic investigations will

be conducted to sample surface water at the beginning of summer and at the end of the summer 2008. We are testing seasonal variations, as

precipitation variation exerted no influence during Phase I. Eight samples will be collected during each sampling event (see Figure 5). Three

drainage pipes discharging water were observed in the northeast corner of the site during a site visit in April 2008. Surface water samples will be

collected at these three locations, at two locations at the mouth and terminus of the creek emanating from the abandoned sewer line and emptying

into the Little Vermilion River, at one location in the north area where standing water is often witnessed, and at two locations of discharge from the

main industrial plant area. Surface water samples will be analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, and filtered and unfiltered TAL metals

(including mercury) and cyanide, and total hardness.




SulTRAC will conduct ecological (bioavailability sampling) and biological (bioassessibility sampling) investigations. Bioavailability sampling will

include aboveground and belowground vegetation sample pair samples as well as soil invertebrate sampling from areas of ecological interest in

OU2. If enough biomass cannot be collected, a contingency plan has been developed for SulTRAC to collect surface soil, sinter, and slag samples

to submit to a laboratory bioavailability testing for vegetation (lettuce) and earthworms. Relative bioavailability (RBA) of lead and arsenic

sampling will include soil, sinter, and slag sample collection throughout OU2. This will include residential locations. The residential locations to

be sampled for RBA of lead and arsenic were selected as follows:

Residential locations were divided into three categories according to reported lead concentrations obtained during Phase I

sampling activities.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has set a cleanup level of 77 mg/kg, and is based on

the risk associated with a target blood lead concentration of 1 microgram per deciliter (µg/dL). For purposes of defining relative

concentration categories to represent the full range of soil lead concentrations at the site, the California risk-based level was used to

specify the low range. The EPA RSL for Residential lead in soil was used as the break point between medium- and high-range

categories. Thus, the three categories were high level (above 400 mg/kg; EPA RSL), medium level (77 to 400 mg/kg), and low level

(below 77 mg/kg; OEHHA cleanup level).

From these categories, residences will at first be selected randomly: three from high level, four from medium level, and three from

low level results.

If access agreements cannot be obtained, then alternate sampling will take place at residences with access agreements.

Samples collected in residential locations will also be analyzed for TAL metals (including mercury) by a CLP laboratory. These results will

aid in the comparability of the RBA results.

SulTRAC will analyze data from the soil, solids, surface water, and groundwater samples for the analytical groups listed above to delineate the

contamination present at the OU2 M&H Site.


QAPP WORKSHEET #18

SAMPLING LOCATIONS/IDS, SAMPLE DEPTHS, SAMPLE ANALYSES

AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES TABLE


Sampling Location1/

ID Number Matrix

Depth

(feet bgs) Analytical Group

Sampling SOP

Reference2

4 locations Air NA NIOSH Method 7402 (asbestos) S-1, S-2

30 locations (two depths each)

Soil3 0-2 and 2-12 or

refusal

CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC, SVOC, PCBs, and pesticides)

CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide)

EPA Method 600/R-93-116 (asbestos) (0 to 2-foot bgs depth

only)

S-3, S-4, S-5, S-17



refusal


EPA SW-846 Method 1312 and CLP SOW ILM05.4 (SPLP

metals)

EPA SW-846 Method 1311 and CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TCLP

metals) (10 depths only)

S-3, S-4, S-5


Soil3 0-2 and >12 CLP SOW SOM01.2 (PCBs)


S-3, S-4, S-5, S-18



refusal

CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC)


S-3, S-4, S-5

50 locations Soil3 Surface CLP SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury, cyanide) S-3, S-7

12 locations Vegetation Surface SOW ILM05.4 (TAL metals, mercury) S-20

20 locations Soil invertebrates Surface ASTM Method E 1676-04 (bioavailability) S-3

40 locations (contingency) Soil Surface ASTM Method E 1676-04 (bioavailability) S-3

11 locations (non-residential) Soil (sinter, slag,

or soil)

Surface Relative bioassessibility leaching procedure S-16

10 locations (residential) 5 Soil (sinter, slag,

or soil)

Surface Relative bioavailability (RBA) for lead and arsenic

CLP SOW ISM01.3 (TAL metals, mercury)

S-3

50 locations Solids/building

materials

Surface CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC, SVOC, PCBs, and pesticides)


EPA SW-846 Method 1311 (TCLP metals)

EPA Method 600/R-93-116 (asbestos)

S-6, S-17


SAMPLING LOCATIONS/IDS, SAMPLE DEPTHS, SAMPLE ANALYSES

AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES TABLE


Sampling Location1/

ID Number Matrix

Depth

(feet bgs) Analytical Group

Sampling SOP

Reference2

8 locations (two sampling

events)

Surface water Surface CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC, SVOC, PCBs, and pesticides)


EPA Method 130.1 (hardness)

S-15, S-20, S-21

36 locations Groundwater4 13 to 46 CLP SOW SOM01.2 (VOC, SVOC, PCBs, and pesticides)


S-12, S-13

Notes:

ASTM American Society of Testing Materials

CLP Contract laboratory program

ID Identification

NA Not applicable

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl

RBA Relative bioavailability

SPLP synthetic precipitation leaching procedure

SW Solid waste

SVOC Semi-volatile organic compound

TAL Target analyte list

TBD To be determined

TCLP Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure

VOC Volatile organic compound

1 See Figures 2 to 5 for sampling locations and Table 2 for specific sample identification numbers.

2 See Worksheet #21 for a list of sampling methods S-1 through S-19

3 Samples will be collected from soil borings.

4 Samples will be collected from 36 monitoring wells for the six quarters of groundwater sampling events scheduled for the Phase II field investigation

5 Residential samples will be identified using a unique sample ID number. The identifier will have the following format: Street – house number – depth – sample type

Sample identifiers will consist of the first four letters or numbers of a street name (e.g., BAKE for Baker Street, FIFT for 5th Street); the house/address number will

follow (e.g., “241” for 241 Grant Ave); a depth designator (“0 – 6” for zero to 6 inches bgs); and a suffix designating sample type (“B” for backyard, “D” for duplicate

sample, “V” for vegetable garden, “F” for flower garden, “P” for play area sample, and “R” for equipment rinsate). For example, a sample collected from 0 to 6 inches

bgs from a front yard at 241 Grant Ave would be designated as GRAN-241-0-6-F. A duplicate sample collected from 0 to 6 inches bgs in the back yard at 1430 -

5th Street would be designated FIFT-1430-0-6-B-D. The sample date and time will be recorded on the sample container, in field notebooks, and on chain-of-custody

forms.

.


QAPP WORKSHEET #20

FIELD QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLE SUMMARY TABLE


Matrix Analytical

Group

Analytical

and

Preparation

SOP

Reference1

No. of

Sampling

Locations

No. of

Samples

No. of Field

Duplicates2

No. of

MS/MSDs3

No. of Trip

Blanks4

No. of

Equipment

Rinsates

Total No. of

Samples to

Laboratory

Soil VOC/CLP A-1 40 80 8 4 5 2 99

Soil SVOC/CLP A-1 30 60 6 3 0 2 71

Soil PCBs/CLP A-1 40 80 8 4 0 2 94

Soil Pesticides/CLP A-1 30 60 6 3 0 2 71

Soil TAL Metals,

Mercury,

Cyanide/CLP

A-2 60 120 12 6 0 2 140

Soil TCLP Metals /

CLP

A-3 5 10 1 1 0 0 12

Soil SPLP Metals /

CLP

A-4 10 20 2 1 0 0 23

Soil (from XRF

screening event)

Metals A-2 200 50 5 3 0 0 58

Vegetation

(bioavailability)

Metals A-2 12 12 0 0 0 0 12

Soil Invertebrates

(bioavailability)

Metals A-5 4 20 0 0 0 0 20

Soil

(bioavailability)

(contingency)

Metals A-5 40 40 4 0 0 0 44

Soil (non-

residential)

RBA for Lead

and Arsenic

A-7 11 11 1 0 0 0 12

Soil (residential) RBA for Lead

and Arsenic

A-11 10 10 1 1 0 0 11

Soil (residential) TAL Metals,

Mercury

A-2 10 10 1 1 0 1 12

Soil5 Asbestos A-8 30 40 3 06 0 0 43

Air Asbestos A-9 4 4 0 0 0 0 4

Solid/Building

Material

Asbestos A-8 50 50 5 06 0 0 55




Matrix Analytical

Group

Analytical

and

Preparation

SOP

Reference1

No. of

Sampling

Locations

No. of

Samples

No. of Field

Duplicates2

No. of

MS/MSDs3

No. of Trip

Blanks4

No. of

Equipment

Rinsates

Total No. of

Samples to

Laboratory

Solid/Building

Material

VOC/CLP A-1 5 5 0 0 2 0 12

Solid/Building

Material

SVOC/CLP A-1 50 50 5 3 0 0 58

Solid/Building

Material

PCB/CLP A-1 50 50 5 3 0 0 58

Solid/Building

Material

Pesticide/CLP A-1 50 50 5 3 0 0 58

Solid/Building

Material

TAL Metals,

Mercury,

Cyanide/ CLP

A-2 50 50 5 3 0 0 58

Solid/Building

Material

TCLP Metals

/CLP

A-3 5 5 0 0 0 0 5

Surface Water7 VOC/CLP A-1 8 16 2 2 2 0 22

Surface Water7 SVOC/CLP A-1 8 16 2 2 0 0 20

Surface Water7 PCB/CLP A-1 8 16 2 2 0 0 20

Surface Water7 Pesticide/CLP A-1 8 16 2 2 0 0 20

Surface Water7 TAL Metals,

Mercury/ CLP

A-2 8 16 2 2 0 0 20

Surface Water7 TAL Cyanide

/CLP

A-2 8 16 2 2 0 0 20

Surface Water7 Total Hardness A-10 8 8 1 0 0 0 9

Groundwater8 VOC/CLP A-1 36 154 16 18 10 18 216

Groundwater8 SVOC/CLP A-1 36 154 16 18 0 18 206

Groundwater8 PCB/CLP A1 36 154 16 18 0 18 206

Groundwater8 Pesticide/CLP A-1 36 154 16 18 0 18 206

Groundwater8 TAL Metals,

Mercury/CLP

A-2 36 250 25 18 0 18 206

Groundwater8 TAL Cyanide

/CLP

A-2 36 154 16 18 0 18 206




Notes:

Sample numbers in this table reflect field QC samples collected during each sampling event.

1 Analytical and preparation SOPs are listed in Worksheet #23.

2 Field duplicates are collected at a rate of 1 per 10 investigative samples of the same matrix.

3 MS/MSD samples are collected at a rate of 1 per 20 investigative samples of the same matrix.

4 A trip blank will be provided with each shipping container to be analyzed for VOCs.

5 Solid asbestos samples include 30 soil samples and 10 performance evaluation samples.

6 No MS/MSD samples will be collected for asbestos soils/solids.

7 Surface water samples will be collected at the beginning and the end of Summer 2008.

8 The table presents the minimum number of primary sampling locations. The installed Phase I monitoring wells (MW1 through MW18) will be sampled for a reduced

analyte list beginning the Winter 2008 groundwater sampling event. The Phase I reduced list will be decided after the Fall 2008 groundwater sampling event after a

technical memorandum (#1) (Phase I wells only) is submitted to the EPA detailing the initial four quarters of sampling results from MW1 through MW18. Phase II

monitoring wells (MW19 through MW35) will be sampled for a reduced analyte list beginning in the Summer 2009 event. The Phase II reduced list will be decided after

the Spring 2009 groundwater sampling event after a technical memorandum (#2) (Phase II only) is submitted to the EPA detailing the initial four quarters of sampling

results from MW19 through MW35.


QAPP WORKSHEET #21

PROJECT SAMPLING SOP REFERENCES TABLE

(UFP Section 3.1.2)

Reference

Number Title, Revision, Date and/or Number

Originating

Organization Equipment Type

Modified for

Project

Work? (Y/N) Comments

S-1 Air Quality Monitoring, Revision No. 0,

November 1999, SOP 073

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Air sampler, asbestos filter,

CMS cartridge, or a GC

adsorbent cartridge

N None

S-2 Calibration of Air Sampling Pump, Revision

No. 0, November 1999

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Air sampling pump, digital

calibrator (soap bubble

meter), soap solution

temperature and pressure

gauge

N None

S-3 Soil Sampling, Revision No. 2, August 2013,

SOP 005

SulTRAC Spoon or spatulas, trowel,

split-spoon sampler,

coring tools

N None

S-4 Using the Geoprobe System, Revision No. 1,

December 1999, SOP 054

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Shelby tube drive head,

probe drive Geoprobe

Systems

N None

S-5 Sludge and Sediment Sampling, Revision No.

3, January 2000, SOP 006

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Sample containers,

stainless-steel scoop or

trowel, hand corer, Ponar

grab sampler

N None

S-6 Bulk Material Sampling, Revision No. 3,


Tetra Tech EM Inc. Sample containers,

stainless-steel scoop, trowel,

coring tools

N None

S-7 Field Portable Innov-X XRF Spectrometry for

the Determination of Elemental Concentrations

in Soil, Revision 3, February, 2007, XRF SOP

EPA Field Portable Innov-X XRF

Analyzer

N None




Reference


Originating


Modified for

Project


S-81 Monitoring Well Installation, Revision No. 3,


Tetra Tech EM Inc. Casing materials, well

screen materials, filter pack

materials, annular sealant,

grouting materials, tremie

pipe, surface completion

and protective casing

materials, concrete surface

pad and bumper post,

uncontaminated water

N None

S-9 Borehill Drilling-Hollow Stem Auger Drilling,

Revision No. 1, March 1992, SOP 045

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Hollow stem auger drill rig

(with associated drill tools

and hardware)

N None

S-101 Monitoring Well Development, Revision No. 3,

October 2000, SOP 021

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Pumps, air compressors,

bailers, surge blocks

N None

S-11 Static Water Level, Total Well Depth, and

Immiscible Layer Measurement,

Revision No. 0, December 1999, SOP 014

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Electrical water level

indicator, interface probe,

PID or FID

N None

S-12 Groundwater Sample Using Micropurge

Technology, Revision No. 1,

January 2000, SOP 015

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Water level indicator,

adjustable flow rate pump,

discharge flow controller,

flow-through cell, pH probe,

dissolved oxygen probe,

turbidity meter, oxidation

and reduction probe,

containers

N None

S-13 Groundwater Sampling Revision No. 3

March 2000 SOP 010

Tetra Tech EM Inc. Sample bottles, high-density

polyethylene bailer, or

peristaltic pumps

N None

S-14 Slug Test, Draft, June 1995, SOP Slug Test Sullivan International

Group

Slug, an electronic data

logger, pressure transducer,

conductor cable

N None

S-15 Surface Water Sampling, Revision No. 3,


Tetra Tech EM Inc. Sample bottles, dipper, or

other device made of inert

material (stainless steel or

Teflon)

N None




Reference


Originating


Modified for

Project


S-16 The In-Vitro Method, Relative Bioavailability

Leaching Procedure, 2003

Laboratory for

Environmental and

Geological Studies

(LEGS)

Extraction device, wide-

mouth HDPE bottles,

Plexiglas tank, circulator

heater

N None

S-17 Asbestos Sampling, Revision No. 0, April

2003, SOP S014

Sullivan International

Group

Sample containers with

Teflon-lined lids or Ziploc

bags, coring tools

N None

S-18 Test Method for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in

Soil, Revision No. 0, December 1996

EPA L2000 PCB/chloride

analyzer or equivalent

N None

S-191 General Equipment Decontamination,

Revision No. 1, May 2013, SOP 002

Sullivan

International Group

Scrub brushes, large wash

tubs or buckets, Alconox,

distilled water

N None

S-20 Sava, Roger. 1994. “Guide to Sampling Air,

Water, Soil, and Vegetation for Chemical

Analysis.” California Environmental

Protection Agency. Environmental Hazards

Assessment Program, State of California. June.

California

Environmental

Protection Agency.

Environmental

Hazards Assessment

Program

Stainless steel sheers and

stainless steel trowels,

ziplock bags

N None

S-21 US EPA Region 6. Water-Quality Samples for

Dissolved Metals-in-Water, SOP No. ,

Revision 0. January 13, 2000.

US EPA Region 6 Tygon tubing, pump,

0.45m filter, 1-L HDPE

bottle

N None

Notes:

CMS Carbon molecular sieve

FID Flame ionization detector

GC Gas chromatograph

HDPE High-density polyethylene

PID Photoionization detector

SOP Standard operating procedure

1 SulTRAC will use these non-sampling SOPs for field activities other than sampling as specified in the SOP.


QAPP WORKSHEET #23

ANALYTICAL SOP REFERENCES TABLE


Reference

Number

Title, Revision, Date, and/or

Number

Definitive or

Screening Data

Analytical

Group Instrument

Organization

Performing Analysis

Modified for

Project Work?

A-1 CLP SOW SOM01.2 for Organics

Analysis, Multi-Media, Multi-

Concentration

Definitive VOA, SVOA GC/mass spectroscopy CLP Laboratory No

A-1 CLP SOW SOM01.2 for Organics


Concentration

Definitive PCB, pesticide GC/electron capture detector CLP Laboratory No

A-2 CLP SOW ILM05.4 for Inorganic


Concentration

Definitive TAL Metals,

Mercury, and

Cyanide

ICP/AES

ICP/mass spectroscopy

Cold vapor atomic absorption

CLP Laboratory No

A-31 EPA SW-846, Method 1311,

Method for Toxicity Characteristic

Leaching Procedure

Definitive TCLP Metals ICP/AES

ICP/mass spectroscopy

Cold vapor atomic absorption

CLP Laboratory No

A-41 EPA SW-846, Method 1312,

Method for Synthetic Precipitation

Leaching Procedure

Definitive SPLP Metals ICP/AES

CLP Laboratory No

A-5 ASTM Method E 1676-04,

Method for Conducting Laboratory

Soil Toxicity or Bioaccumulation

for Soil Invertebrates

Definitive NA NA Test America No

A-6 ASTM Method E 1598-94,

Method for Conducting Early

Seedling Growth Tests

Definitive NA NA Subcontracted

Laboratory

No

A-7 Relative Bioavailability Leaching

Procedure Standard Operating

Procedure 2003.

Definitive Lead and

Arsenic

See SOP LEGS No

A-8 EPA Method 600/R-93-116,

Method for the Determination of

Asbestos in Bulk Building Materials

Definitive Asbestos Polarized light microscopy STAT Analysis

Corporation

No


ANALYTICAL SOP REFERENCES TABLE


Reference

Number

Title, Revision, Date, and/or

Number

Definitive or

Screening Data

Analytical

Group Instrument

Organization

Performing Analysis

Modified for

Project Work?

A-9 NIOSH Method 7402,

Method for the Determination of

Asbestos in Ambient Air

Definitive Asbestos Transmission electron

microscopy

STAT Analysis

Corporation

No

A-10 EPA Method 130.1,

Hardness, total (mg/L as CaCO3)

(Colorimetric, Automated EDTA)

Definitive Hardness

(Surface Water)

Spectrophotometer CLP

Modified Analysis

No

A-11 Standard Operating Procedure

2130 In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Preparation Procedure, Revision

00, December 2012

Definitive RBA See SOP for extraction

apparatus details.

ICP-AES

STAT Analysis

Corporation

No

Notes:

AES Atomic emission spectroscopy

CaCO3 Calcium carbonate


EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

ICP Inductively coupled plasma

NA Not applicable

1 TCLP and SPLP extraction procedures listed; analytical method for leachate is A-2, CLP SOW ILM05.4 for Inorganic Analysis, Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration.


QAPP WORKSHEET #28

QC SAMPLES TABLE

Matrix Soil

Analytical Group

Relative Bioavailability

(RBA) of lead

Concentration Level Multi-concentration

Sampling SOP S-1,

Analytical Method/

SOP Reference

A-11

Sampler’s Name/

Organization

Jennifer

Knoepfle/SulTRAC

Analytical Organization CLP Laboratory

No. of Sampling Locations See Worksheet #18

QC Sample

Frequency/

Number CA

Person(s)

Responsible for

CA DQI

Measurement

Performance

Criteria

Method Blank 1 per extraction batch

of 20 samples

maximum

If sufficient volume is available, extract

and reanalyze samples in affected batch.

If sufficient volume is not available,

reanalyze affected extracts.

Laboratory Analyst Sensitivity/

Contamination

No target compounds

> QL

MS

1 per extraction batch

of 20 samples

maximum



Otherwise, analyze laboratory control

sample to see if problem is analysis or

sample.

Laboratory Analyst Accuracy/Bias 75-125 %R

Laboratory Duplicate 1 per extraction batch

of 20 samples

maximum





sample.

Laboratory Analyst Precision <20% RPD


QC SAMPLES TABLE


Matrix Soil

Analytical Group

Relative Bioavailability

(RBA) of lead

Concentration Level Multi-concentration

Sampling SOP S-1,

Analytical Method/

SOP Reference

A-11

Sampler’s Name/

Organization

Jennifer

Knoepfle/SulTRAC

Analytical Organization CLP Laboratory

No. of Sampling Locations See Worksheet #18

QC Sample

Frequency/

Number CA

Person(s)

Responsible for

CA DQI

Measurement

Performance

Criteria

NIST Control Sample 1 per extraction batch

of 20 samples

maximum





sample.

Laboratory Analyst Accuracy NIST 2710a

acceptable range

60.7-74.2%R

Notes:

CA Corrective action


DQI Data quality indicator

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

QC Quality control


QAPP WORKSHEET #30

ANALYTICAL SERVICES TABLE

(UFP QAPP Section 3.5.2.3)

Matrix Analytical Group Concentration Level

Sampling

Location/ID

Number

Analytical

SOP

Data Package

Turnaround

Time

Laboratory/Organization

(Name and Address,

Contact Person, and

Telephone Number)

Backup


(Name and Address,

Contact Person and

Telephone Number)

Soil/Solid1 VOC

SVOC

PCBs

Pesticides

TAL Metals,

Mercury, and

Cyanide

TCLP Metals

SPLP Metals

Lead/Arsenic

Asbestos

Low concentration

Medium

concentration

Low concentration

Low concentration

Multi-concentration

Multi-concentration

Multi-concentration

Multi-concentration

Low concentration

See Table 1,

Table 2,

Figure 2, and Figure 3

A-1

A-1

A-1

A-1

A-2

A-3

A-4

A-7

A-8 and A-

9

21 days

21 days

21 days

21 days

21 days

21 days

21 days

TBD

TBD

CLP laboratory identified

by EPA Region 5

Subcontracted laboratory

for vegetation/soil

invertebrate samples

LEGS (Dr. Drexler)

STAT Analysis

Corporation

CLP laboratory identified by

EPA Region 5

Subcontracted laboratory for

vegetation/soil invertebrate

samples

LEGS (Dr. Drexler)

STAT Analysis Corporation


ANALYTICAL SERVICES TABLE

Matthiessen and Hegeler Zinc Company Site February 2014 Quality Assurance Project Plan Addendum Revision 0 WA Number 132-RICO-B568

Matrix Analytical Group Concentration Level

Sampling

Location/ID

Number

Analytical

SOP

Data Package

Turnaround

Time


(Name and Address,

Contact Person, and

Telephone Number)

Backup


(Name and Address,

Contact Person and

Telephone Number)

Water VOC

SVOC

PCB

Pesticide

TAL Metals,

Mercury

Cyanide

Total Hardness

Low concentration

Low concentration

Low concentration

Low concentration

Multi-concentration

Multi-concentration

TBD

See Figure 4

and Figure

5

See Table 2

A-1

A-1

A-1

A-1

A-2

A-2

A-10

21 days

21 days

21 days

21 days

21 days

21 days

21 days

CLP Laboratory identified

by EPA Region 5

CLP Laboratory identified

by EPA Region 5

Soil

(Residential)

RBA

TAL Metals,

Mercury

Multi-concentration See Figure

6

and See

Table 2

A-11 10 days STAT Analysis

Corporation

Jason Kornfeind

2242 West Harrison,

Suite 200

Chicago, IL 60612

TestAmerica-Chicago

Therese Hargraves

2417 Bond Street

University Park, IL 60484

Note:

1 solids refer to building materials


PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl

RBA Relative bioavailability

SPLP synthetic precipitation leaching procedure

SVOC Semi-volatile organic compound

TAL Target analyte list

TBD To be determined

TCLP Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure

VOC Volatile organic compound

FIGURES

953 7TH ST

1430 5TH ST

852 25TH ST

890 GRANT ST(ALTERNATE)

905 BAKER ST(ALTERNATE)

1550 TONTI ST

241 GRANT AVE

1533 LAHARPE ST

1204 HENNEPIN ST

1251 STERLING ST

2043 CHARTRES ST

2200 ST VINCENTS AVE

MATTHIESSEN AND HEGELER ZINC COMPANY SITEOPERABLE UNIT 2, LASALLE COUNTY, ILLINOIS

EPA REGION 5 RAC 2 | REVISION 0 | FEBRUARY 2014

FIGURE 6

GRAPHIC SCALE

0 1,000 2,000

feet

1 inch = 1,000 feet£PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL SURFACE

SOIL SAMPLE LOCATION MAP

LEGEND:

Lead >400 ppm

Lead 77-400 ppm

Lead <77 ppm

Site operable unit

NOTES:Surface soil samples collected from 0-6 inches bgs will be analyzed for TAL metals and relative bioavailability (RBA) for lead and arsenic.

Residential properties are considered part of OU2.

OU2

OU1

Matthiessen and HegelerZinc Company Site

SOP APPROVAL FORM

PROJECT-SPECIFIC

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

SOIL SAMPLING

SOP NO. 005

REVISION NO. 2

Last Reviewed: August 2013

19 August 2013

Quality Assurance Approved Date

SulTRAC – Project-Specific SOP No. 005 Page 1 of 17Title: Soil Sampling Revision No. 2, June 2009


1.0 BACKGROUND

Soil sampling is conducted for three main reasons: for laboratory chemical analysis, laboratory physical

analysis, or visual classification and field screening. These three sampling objectives can be achieved

separately or in combination with each other. Sampling locations are typically chosen to provide

chemical, physical, or visual information in both the horizontal and vertical directions. A sampling and

analysis plan is used to outline sampling methods and provide preliminary rationale for sampling

locations. Sampling locations may be adjusted in the field based on the screening methods being used

and the physical features of the area.

1.1 PURPOSE

Soil sampling is conducted to determine the chemical, physical, and visual characteristics of surface and

subsurface soils.

1.2 SCOPE

This standard operating procedure (SOP) describes procedures for soil sampling in different areas using

various implements. It includes procedures for test pit, surface soil, and subsurface soil sampling, and

describes ten soil sampling devices.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

Hand auger: Instrument attached to the bottom of a length of pipe that has a crossarm or “T” handle at

the top. The auger can be closed-spiral or open-spiral.

Bucket auger: A type of auger that consists of a cylindrical bucket 10 to 72 inches in diameter with teeth

arranged at the bottom.

Core sampler: Thin-wall cylindrical metal tube with diameter of 0.5 to 3 inches, a tapered nosepiece, a

“T” handle to facilitate sampler deployment and retrieval, and a check valve (flutter valve) in the

headpiece.



EnCoreTM sampler: A disposable volumetric sampling device. It comes in sample sizes of 5 and 25

grams. It is a hermetically sealed, single-use soil sampler made from a high-tech, inert polymer.

EnCoreTM samplers are used to collect soil samples with zero headspace, as required for volatile organic

compound analysis. Each sample is collected using a reuseable “T” handle.

Spatulas or Spoons: Stainless steel or disposable instruments for collecting loose unconsolidated

material.

Trier: Tube cut in half lengthwise with a sharpened tip that allows for collection of sticky solids or

loosening of cohesive soils.

Trowel: Metal or disposable tool with a scooped blade 4 to 8 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide with a

handle.

Split-Spoon (or Split-Barrel) Sampler: Thick-walled steel tube that is split lengthwise. A cutting shoe

is attached to the lower end; the upper end contains a check valve and is connected to drill rods.

Thin-Wall Tube Sampler: Steel tube (1 to 3 millimeters thick) with a tapered bottom edge for cutting.

The upper end is fastened to a check valve that is attached to drill rods.

Volatile Organics Analysis (VOA) Plunger: Disposable, plastic, single-use soil sample collection

device for volatile organic compound sample collection.

1.4 REFERENCES

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA) 1984. “Soil Sampling Quality Assurance Users Guide.”EPA 600/4-84-043.

EPA. 1980. “Samplers and Sampling Procedures for Hazardous Waste Streams.” EPA 600/2-80-018.January.

EPA 1983. “Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocol: Techniques and Strategies.” EPA 600/4-83-020.

EPA. 1987. “A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods.” OSWER Directive 9355.0-14(EPA/540/P-87/001).



EPA. 1991. “Handbook of Suggested Practices for the Design and Installation of Ground-WaterMonitoring Wells.” March. EPA/600/4-89/034.

EPA. 1994. “Soil Sampling.” Environmental Response Team SOP #2012 (Rev. #0.0, 11/16/94).http://www.ert.org/products/2012.pdf

EPA. 1996. SW-846, Method 5035, Closed-System Purge-and-Trap and Extraction for VolatileOrganics in Soil and Waste Samples. December.http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/5035.pdf

1.5 REQUIREMENTS AND RESOURCES

Soil sampling requires the use of one or more of the following types of equipment:

Spoons and spatulas

Trowel

Shovel or spade

Trier

Core sampler

EnCoreTM sampler

VOA Plunger

Hand auger

Bucket auger

Split-spoon

Thin-wall tube

In addition, the following equipment is also needed for various methods:

Sample containers, labels, and chain-of-custody forms

Logbook

Tape for measuring recovery

Soil classification information

Wax or caps for sealing ends of thin-wall tube

“T” Handles

Plastic sheeting

Decontamination equipment

Drilling equipment

Backhoe

Health and safety equipment

http://www.ert.org/products/2012.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/5035.pdf



2.0 SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURES

This SOP presents procedures for conducting test pit, surface soil, and subsurface soil sampling. The site

sampling plan will specify which of the following procedures will be used.

Soil samples for chemical analysis should be collected in the following order: (1) volatile organics,

(2) semivolatile organics, and (3) metals. Once the chemical samples have been containerized, samples

for physical analyses can be containerized. Typical physical analyses conducted include (1) grain size

distribution, (2) moisture content, (3) saturated permeability, (4) unsaturated permeability, and

(5) Atterberg limits. Additionally, visual descriptions of samples, using the Unified Soil Classification

System (USCS), should be recorded. Field tests such as head space analyses can also be conducted.

Soil samples for chemical analyses can be collected either as grab samples or composite samples. A grab

sample is collected from a discrete location or depth. A composite sample consists of soil combined from

more than one discrete location. Typically, composite samples consist of soil obtained from several

locations and homogenized in a stainless steel or Teflon® pan, tray, or baggie. Refer to the site-specific

Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for methodology for composite sample collection. Samples for

volatile organics analysis should not be composited.

All soil samples collected should be packaged and shipped to the laboratories in accordance with SOP

019. All nondedicated or nondisposable equipment used for soil sampling should be decontaminated

between sampling locations in accordance with SOP 002.

2.1 SOIL SAMPLE COLLECTION PROCEDURES

Soil samples can be collected as discrete samples for volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis using

specialized equipment for preservation in the laboratory or in the field. Soil samples collected for non-

VOC analysis can be collected as either grab or composite samples using standard equipment.

2.1.1 Procedure for Preserving and Collecting Soil Samples for VOC analysis

Samples collected for VOC analysis using traditional methods, such as collection in a jar with no

preservation, are shown to yield nonrepresentative samples due to loss of VOCs. To prevent such losses,



preservation with methanol or sodium bisulfite may be used to minimize volatilization and

biodegradation. This preservation may be performed in the laboratory or in the field, depending on the

sample collection methodology used. The specific sampling methodology will be specified in the project-

specific QAPP or work plan.

Soil samples to be preserved in the laboratory are collected using SW-846 Method 5035. For samples

preserved in the field, laboratories may perform low-level analysis (sodium bisulfate preservation) or

high- to medium-level analyses (methanol preservation), depending on the project-specific QAPP.

The following procedures outline the necessary steps for collecting soil samples to be preserved at the

laboratory, and for collecting soil samples to be preserved in the field with methanol or sodium bisulfate.

2.1.1.1 Soil Samples to be Preserved at the Laboratory

Soil samples collected for VOC analysis that are to be preserved at the laboratory shall be obtained using

a hand-operated, hermetically sealed sample vial such as an EnCoreTM sampler. Each sample shall be

obtained using a reusable sampling handle (“T” handle) that can be provided with the EnCoreTM sampler

when requested and purchased. Collect the soil sample in the following manner for each EnCoreTM

sampler.

The EnCoreTM sampler is loaded into the “T” handle with the plunger fully depressed. Press the “T”

handle into the soil to be sampled. The plunger will be forced upward as the cavity fills with soil. When

the sampler is full, using the “T” handle, rotate the plunger and lock it into place. If the plunger does not

lock, then it is not filled with soil. Soft soil may require several plunges or forcing soil against a hard

surface such as a decontaminated sample trowel to ensure headspace has been eliminated. Remove soil

from the outside of the sampler so a tight seal can be made between the sample cap and the O-ring. With

soil slightly piled above the rim of the sampler, force the cap on until the catches hook the side of the

sampler. Remove any surface soil from outside of the sampler and place in the foil bag provided with the

sampler. Label the bag with sample location information. Typically, collect three EnCoreTM samplers

per sample location. Decontaminate the “T” handle between sample locations.

Using the EnCoreTM sampler eliminates the need for field preservation and the shipping restrictions

associated with preservatives. A complete set of instructions is included with each EnCoreTM sampler.



After the EnCoreTM samples are collected, they should be placed on ice immediately and delivered to the

laboratory within 48 hours. The samples must be preserved by the laboratory within 48 hours of

collection.

2.1.1.2 Soil Samples to be Preserved in the Field

Soil samples preserved in the field may be prepared for analysis using both the low-level (sodium

bisulfate preservation) and high- to medium-level (methanol preservation) methods. If samples

effervesce when placed in preservative, it is necessary to collect a sample unpreserved, in deionized

water. In addition, an unpreserved sample for determination of moisture content must also be collected

when collecting soil samples to be preserved in the field.

Methanol Preservation (High to Medium Level). Bottles may be pre-spiked with methanol in the

laboratory or prepared in the field. Soil samples to be preserved in the field with methanol shall utilize

40- to 60-milliliter (mL) glass vials with septum-lined lids. Each sample bottle shall be filled with 25 mL

of demonstrated analyte-free purge-and-trap grade 3 methanol. The preferred method for adding

methanol to the sample bottle is by removing the lid and using a pipette or scaled syringe to add the

methanol directly to the bottle.

Soil shall be collected with the use of a decontaminated (or disposable), small-diameter coring device

such as a disposable VOA plunger. The outside diameter of the coring device must be smaller than the

inside of the sample bottle neck. To collect the sample, pull the plunger back to the required location,

insert it into the soil to be sampled, push the coring device into the soil, extrude the soil sample into the

methanol-preserved sample bottle, and cap the bottle tightly. Swirl the sample (do not shake) in the

methanol to break up the soil such that all of the soil is covered with methanol. Place the sample on ice

immediately.

Sodium Bisulfate Preservation (Low Level). Bottles may be prepared in the laboratory or in the field

with sodium bisulfate solution. Samples to be field-preserved using sodium bisulfate are collected using

the same procedures described for methanol preservation.



2.1.2 Procedure for Collecting Soil Samples for Non-VOC Analyses

Samples collected for non-VOC analyses may be collected as either grab or composite samples as

follows. Using a sampling device, transfer a portion of soil to be sampled to a stainless steel bowl,

disposable inert plastic tray, or baggie. Remove roots, vegetation, sticks, and stones larger than the size

of pea gravel. Thoroughly mix the soil to obtain as uniform a texture and color as practicable. Transfer

the mixed soil to the appropriate sample containers and close the containers. Place the sample containers

immediately on ice.

2.2 TEST PIT AND TRENCH SOIL SAMPLING

Test pit and trench soil sampling is conducted when a complete soil profile is required or as a means of

locating visually detectable contamination. This type of sampling provides a detailed description of the

soil profile and allows for multiple samples to be collected from specific soil horizons. Prior to

conducting any test pit or trench excavation with a backhoe, the sampling team should ensure that the

sampling area is clear of utility lines, subsurface pipes, and poles.

A test pit or trench is excavated by incrementally removing soil material with a backhoe bucket. The

excavated soil is placed on plastic sheeting well away from the edge of the test pit. A test pit should not

be excavated to depths greater than 4 feet unless its walls are properly sloped or stabilized. No personnel

shall enter any test pit or trench excavation over 4 feet deep; such action would constitute confined space

entry and must conform with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations at Title

29 of the Code of Federal Regulations § 1910.

Personnel entering the test pit may be exposed to toxic or explosive gases and oxygen deficient

environments. Air monitoring is required before entering the test pit, and the use of appropriate

respiratory gear and protective clothing is mandatory. At least two persons must be present at the test pit

before sampling personnel may enter the excavation and begin soil sampling. Refer to project-specific

Health and Safety Plans for required safety procedures for excavations.

Soil samples can also be obtained directly from the backhoe bucket or from the excavated material after it

has been removed and deposited on plastic sheeting. The sampling personnel shall direct the backhoe

excavator to obtain material from the selected depth and location within the excavation. The backhoe



operator shall set the backhoe bucket on the ground in a designated location, at a sufficient distance from

the excavation to allow the sampler safe access to the bucket. The backhoe operator shall disengage the

controls and signal to the sampler that it is safe to approach the bucket. The soil sample shall then be

collected from the center of the backhoe bucket to reduce the potential for cross-contamination of the

sample.

Test pits are not practical for sampling at depths greater than 15 feet. If soil samples are required from

depths greater than 15 feet, samples should be obtained using test borings instead of test pits. Test pits

are also usually limited to a few feet below the water table. In some cases, a pumping system may be

required to control the water level within the pits.

Access to open test pits should be restricted by the use of flagging, tape, or fencing. If a fence is used, it

should be erected at least 6 feet from the perimeter of the test pit. The test pit should be backfilled as

soon as possible after sampling is completed.

Various equipment may be used to collect soil samples from the walls or bottom of a test pit. A hand

auger, bucket auger, or core sampler can be used to obtain samples from various depths. A trier, trowel,

EnCoreTM sampler, VOA plunger, or spoon can be used to obtain samples from the walls or pit bottom

surface.

2.3 SURFACE SOIL SAMPLING

The surface soil sampling equipment presented in this SOP is best suited for sampling to depths of 0 to

6 feet below ground surface (bgs). The sample depth, sample analyses, soil type, and soil moisture will

also dictate the most suitable sampling equipment. Prior to sample collection, the sampling locations

should be cleared of any surface debris such as twigs, rocks, and litter. The following table presents

various surface soil sampling equipment and their effective depth ranges, operating means (manual or

power), and sample types collected (disturbed or undisturbed).



SamplingEquipment

Effective Depth Range(feet bgs)

OperatingMeans Sample Type

Hand Auger 0 to 6 Manual Disturbed

Bucket Auger 0 to 4 Power Disturbed

Core Sampler 0 to 4 Manual or

Power

Undisturbed

EnCoreTM SamplerNot Applicable Manual Disturbed

Spoon/Spatula 0 to 0.5 Manual Disturbed

Trowel 0 to 1 Manual Disturbed

VOA Plunger Not Applicable Manual Disturbed

The procedures for using these various types of sampling equipment are discussed below.

2.3.1 Hand Auger

A hand auger equipped with extensions and a “T” handle is used to obtain samples from depths of up to 6

feet bgs. If necessary, a shovel may be used to excavate the topsoil to reach the desired subsoil level. If

topsoil is removed, its thickness should be recorded. Samples obtained using a hand auger are disturbed

in their collection; determining the exact depth at which samples are obtained is difficult.

The hand auger is screwed into the soil at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees from horizontal. When the entire

auger blade has penetrated soil, the auger is removed from the soil by lifting it straight up without turning

it, if possible. If the desired sampling depth has not been reached, the soil is removed from the auger and

deposited onto plastic sheeting. This procedure is repeated until the desired depth is reached and the soil

sample is obtained. The auger is then removed from the boring and the soil sample is collected directly

from the auger into an appropriate sample container.



2.3.2 Bucket Auger

A bucket auger, equipped similarly as the hand auger, is used to obtain disturbed samples from depths of

up to 4 feet bgs. A bucket auger should be used when sampling stony or dense soil that prohibits the use

of a hand-operated core or screw auger. A bucket auger with closed blades is used in soil that cannot

generally be penetrated or retrieved by a core sampler.

The bucket auger is rotated while downward pressure is exerted until the bucket is full. The bucket is

then removed from the boring, the collected soil is placed on plastic sheeting, and this procedure is

repeated until the appropriate depth is reached and a sample is obtained. The bucket is then removed

from the boring and the soil sample is transferred from the bucket to an appropriate sample container.

2.3.3 Core Sampler

A hand-operated core sampler (Figure 1), similarly equipped as the hand auger, is used to obtain samples

from depths of up to 4 feet bgs in uncompacted soil. The core sampler is capable of retrieving

undisturbed soil samples and is appropriate when low concentrations of metals or organics are of concern.

The core sampler should be constructed of stainless steel. A polypropylene core sampler is generally not

suitable for sampling dense soils or sampling at greater depths.

The core sampler is pressed into the soil at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees from horizontal and is rotated

when the desired depth is reached. The core is then removed, and the sample is placed into an appropriate

sample container.

2.3.4 Shovel

A shovel may be used to obtain large quantities of soil that are not readily obtained with a trowel. A

shovel is used when soil samples from depths of up to 6 feet bgs are to be collected by hand excavation; a

tiling spade (sharpshooter) is recommended for excavation and sampling. A standard steel shovel may be

used for excavation; either a stainless steel or polypropylene shovel may be used for sampling. Soil

excavated from above the desired sampling depth should be stockpiled on plastic sheeting. Soil samples

should be collected from the shovel and placed into the sample container using a stainless-steel scoop,

plastic spoon, or other appropriate tool.



2.3.5 Trier

A trier (Figure 2) is used to sample soil from depths up to 1 foot bgs. A trier should be made of stainless

steel or polypropylene. A chrome-plated steel trier may be suitable when samples are to be analyzed for

organics and heavy metal content is not a concern.

Samples are obtained by inserting the trier into soil at an angle of up to 45 degrees from horizontal. The

trier is rotated to cut a core and is then pulled from the soil being sampled. The sample is then transferred

to an appropriate sample container.

2.3.6 Trowel

A trowel is used to obtain surface soil samples that do not require excavation beyond a depth of 1 foot. A

trowel may also be used to collect soil subsamples from profiles exposed in test pits. Use of a trowel is

practical when sample volumes of approximately 1 pint (0.5 liter) or less are to be obtained. Excess soil

should be placed on plastic sheeting until sampling is completed. A trowel should be made of stainless

steel or galvanized steel. It can be purchased from a hardware or garden store. Soil samples to be

analyzed for organics should be collected using a stainless steel trowel. Samples may be placed directly

from the trowel into sample containers.

2.4 SUBSURFACE SOIL SAMPLING

Subsurface soil sampling is accomplished in conjunction with borehole drilling, for soil sampling from

depths greater than approximately 6 feet bgs. Subsurface soil sampling is frequently coupled with

exploratory boreholes or monitoring well installation.

Subsurface soil sampling may be conducted using a drilling rig, power auger, or direct-push technology

(DPT). Selection of sampling equipment depends upon geologic conditions and the scope of the

sampling program. Two types of samplers used with machine-driven augers—the split-spoon sampler

and the thin-wall tube sampler—are discussed below. All sampling tools should be cleaned before and

after each use in accordance with SOP No. 002 (General Equipment Decontamination). Both the split-

spoon sampler and the thin-wall tube sampler can be used to collect undisturbed samples from



unconsolidated soils. The procedures for using the split-spoon and thin-wall tube samplers are presented

below.

2.4.1 Split-Spoon Sampler

Split-spoon samplers are available in a variety of types and sizes. Site conditions and project needs, such

as large sample volume for multiple analyses, determine the specific type of split-spoon sampler to be

used. Figure 3 shows a generic split-spoon sampler.

The split-spoon sampler is advanced into the undisturbed soil beneath the bottom of the casing or

borehole using a weighted hammer and a drill rod. The relationship between hammer weight, hammer

drop, and number of blows required to advance the split-spoon sampler in 6-inch increments indicates the

density or consistency of the subsurface soil. After the split-spoon sampler has been driven to its

intended depth, it should be removed carefully to avoid loss of sample material. In noncohesive or

saturated soil, a catcher or basket should be used to help retain the sample.

After the split-spoon sampler is removed from the casing, it is detached from the drill rod and opened. If

VOA samples are to be collected, EnCoreTM samplers or VOA plungers should be filled with soil taken

directly from the split-spoon sampler. Samples for other specific chemical analyses should be taken as

soon as the VOA sample has been collected. The remainder of the recovered soil can then be used for

visual classification of the sample and containerized for physical analysis. The entire sample (except for

the top several inches of possibly disturbed material) is retained for analysis or disposal.

2.4.2 Thin-Wall Tube Sampler

A thin-wall tube sampler, sometimes called the Shelby tube (Figure 4), is used to collect soil samples for

geophysical analysis. Tube samplers are best suited for collecting cohesive soils such as clays and silts.

The tube sampler may be pressed or driven into soil inside a hollow-stem auger flight, wash bore casing,

or uncased borehole. The tube sampler is pressed into the soil, without rotation, to the desired depth or

until refusal. If the tube cannot be advanced by pushing, it may be necessary to drive it into the soil

without rotation using a hammer and drill rod. The tube sampler is then rotated to collect the sample from

the soil and removed from the borehole.



After removal of the tube sampler from the drilling equipment, the tube sampler should be inspected for

adequate sample recovery. The sampling procedure should be repeated until an adequate soil core is

obtained (if sample material can be retained by the tube sampler). The soil core obtained should be

documented in the logbook. Any disturbed soil is removed from each end of the tube sampler. If

chemical analysis is required, VOA samples must be collected immediately after the tube sampler is

withdrawn. EnCoreTM samplers or VOA plungers should be filled with soil taken directly from the tube

sampler. Before use, and during storage and transport, the tube sampler should be capped with a

nonreactive material. For physical sampling parameters, the tube is sealed using plastic caps. The top

and bottom of the tube sampler should be labeled and the tube sampler should be stored accordingly.

2.4.3 Direct-Push Technology Sampler

Geoprobe systems utilize DPT. In many cases, DPT is less expensive and faster than collecting soil

samples with a standard drilling rig. In addition, the use of DPT causes minimal disturbance to the

ground surface and generates little to no soil cuttings. DPT uses acetate or clear polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

sleeves for collecting soil samples.

Upon retrieval of the sampling rod from the ground, the sample sleeve is extruded from the sampling rod.

The sleeve is sliced lengthwise twice, to open the sleeve. Soil samples can be collected directly from the

opened sleeve. If VOA samples are to be collected, EnCoreTM samplers or VOA plungers should be filled

with soil taken directly from the opened DPT sampler. Samples for other specific chemical analyses

should be taken after the VOA sample has been collected. The remainder of the recovered soil can then

be used for visual classification of the sample and containerized for physical analysis. The entire sample

is retained for analysis or disposal.



FIGURE 1

HAND-OPERATED CORE SAMPLER



FIGURE 2

TRIER

TRIER



FIGURE 3

GENERIC SPLIT-SPOON SAMPLER



FIGURE 4

THIN-WALL TUBE SAMPLER

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