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NeuroMuscular Taping

Sport rehabilitation and performance

By David Blow

www.nmtinstitute.org

[email protected]

It’s a biomechanical therapy using

decompressive and compressive stimuli to obtain

positive effects in the musculoskeletal, vascular,

lymphatic and neurological systems.

As the tapes form wrinkles and lift the skin, they

facilitate venous and lymphatic drainage,

improve blood circulation, and relieve pain.

They also correct the alignment of joints, support

muscles during movement, and improve stability

and posture.

What is the NeuroMuscular Tapingconcept?

“Most treatment protocols uses a decompression

method to reduce pain and to facilitate

recovery” - explains David Blow – “the correct

use of the tape is to create dilation that will

improve blood flow and lymphatic drainage. This

is the key in a progressive rehabilitation

approach”

Features NeuroMuscular Taping

Contrary to what happens in other techniques,

the tape is applied in a way that it creates

waves and undulation which is constantly

activated through movement. The '"wave" does

not mean it was applied incorrectly but instead

correctly ensuring that there is improved blood

circulation and oxygenation of the area and by

activating a complete and continuous drainage

of the treated area treated. This is the underlying

principal of action that was created by David

Blow in 2003.


4 phase treatment and training rehabilitation

Acute phase: pain and swelling

Post-Acute phase: pain, swelling residual

ematoma

Functional phase: difficulty in stability control,

pain during low level activity, rigidity o

hypermobility

Active-Functional phase: instability and reduced

coordination during training

NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Treatment Concept

Rehabilitation techniques to improve recovery

following 3 distinct treatment phases:

Acute Phase

Objective: Requiring rest, cold, compression,

elevation

Time: dipending on the level of trauma. 1 hour to

7 days

NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Trauma Treatment Concept

Post Acute Phase

Objective: requiring drainage of metabolic wastes,

drainage of blood ematoma, increasing blood

circulation and oxygenation, improving the bodies

healing capacity and inflammatory response

processes, improving muscle, tendon, ligaments

regeneration processes, reduce muscle retraction

improving and maintaining muscle tone and

elasticity.

Time: immediately following complete elimination of

internal bleeding


Functional Phase

Objective: requiring proprioceptive stimulus to

regain normal muscle, tendon and joint

functioning, improve and normalise

muscle/tendon elasticity and tone

Time: starting once all signs of edema, ematoma

and inflammation and acute phase of pain have

have been resolved.


Rehabilitation techniques to improve recovery after surgery following 3

distinct treatment phases:

Acute Phase

Objective: Requiring rest. Lymphatic drainage proximal to the

surgery site. Lymphatic drainage posterior to the surgery site. Reduce

pain.

Time: dipending on the type of surgery and the quality of trauma

during surgery. General rule:

if surgery has been performed with local anesthetic then apply NMT

1 hour to 1 day after surgery

if surgery has been performed with general anesthetic then apply

NMT the day after surgery.

NeuroMuscular Taping Surgery RehabilitationTreatment Concept

Post Acute Phase

Objective: Requiring local drainage of metabolic wastes, drainage

of local blood ematoma, drainage of distal blood ematoma,

increasing blood circulation and oxygenation to the surgery site,

increasing blood circulation and oxygenation to the scar tissue,

improving the bodies healing and repairing capacity and post

surgery inflammatory response processes, reduce muscle retraction

improving and maintaining muscle tone and elasticity. Treat and

improve scar elasticity.

Time: starting from 6 days post surgery onwards


Functional Phase

Objective: requiring proprioceptive stimulus to regain normal muscle,

tendon and joint functioning, increasing joint coordination and

stability, increase muscle elasticity to regain normal

joint/muscle/tendon/connective functioning. Ongoing treatment of

scar tissue.

Time: starting once all signs of edema, ematoma and inflammation

and acute phase of pain have been resolved.


NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Concept

NeuroMuscular Taping Professional course structure Key

Intro Introduction course for professionals in the designated area

Avanced Sp. Advanced specializzation course requiring pre Introdution course

requirement

Theme Sp. Single thematic specializzation course non requiring introductory course

requirement


NeuroMuscular Taping Professional course structure Key

NMT Avanced Sp. NMTC-I NeuroMuscular Taping certified teacher

Instructor/Teacher Avanced Sp. NMTC-I Advanced NeuroMuscular Taping certified

teacher with advanced specializzed training

NeuroMuscular Taping together with slow rhythmic movements

forming constant tape wrinkles has a sedative and relaxing effect

determining:

The relaxation of connective tissue

A continuous anti-edema and increased lymphatic drainage effect

The improvement of arterial blood supply and oxygenation to the

area to be treated

The improvement of blood supply and venous drainage from the

area treated

Eccentric stimulation over contrated muscle fibre, relaxing and

normalising muscle functioning

NeuroMuscular Taping Treatment Concept

Decompression effect over joints reducing pain, increasing blood

circulation and drainage and normalising joint functioning

Decompression effect over nerve fibre reducing pain, increasing

blood circulation and normalising movement

A regenerative effect, evident in both young and elderly people in

orthopedics, with rapid formation of callus in the case of fracture

regeneration

A regenerative effect of the skin and connective tissue for a rapid

consolidation of the healing phase


Improves body healing by accelerating blood circulation and

lymphatic flow, helping the removal of irritants that hinder wound

healing

Promotes lymphatic drainage and circulation and the reduction of

acute and chronic edema congestion

Promotes the opening of lymphatic venous anastomosis

Boosts the bodies immune system and improves resistance to

infections

Normalization of lymphatic drainage is accomplished through the

general renewal of intercellular fluid or interstitial. Alexis Carrel -

Nobel Prize in 1964 - showed that the continuous supply lympha is

essential so as the cells can regenerate body ensuring a healthy life.


NeuroMuscular Taping as a

Treatment for improving blood circulation

NeuroMuscular Taping as a

Treatment for improving blood circulation

Results after 18 Hours


Taping on Hip Post-Surgical Hematoma

Applications



Case Study

First Observation: 1.18.2011 / Femur Fracture


Case Study

1st Application: 1.27.2011

Incorrect correct


Case Study

1st Application: 1.27.2011


Case Study

Incorrect correct

Observation: 1.29.2011


2nd Application:

Incorrect correct

Observation: 1.29.2011

Incorrect Correct


Case Study

Incorrect correct

3rd Application: 2.01.2011

Incorrect Correct


Case Study

3rd Application: 2.01.2011


Case Study Final Observation:

7 Days Resolution 2.03.2011


Case Study

7 Days of Taping

1.27.2011 2.03.2011


(Please refer to NeuroMuscular Taping: from Theory

to Practice as indicated.)

Corrective Techniques


[email protected]

NeuroMuscular Taping: from Theory to Practice

NeuroMuscular Taping: treatment of Lymphatic conditions,

brusing and scars. LinfoTaping

Neuromuscular Taping: rehabilitation compendium of the

upper extremity and body

Voice T: Neuromuscular Taping rehabilitation in speech

therapy and facial paralysis

Neuromuscular Taping: rehabilitation compendium of the

Lower extremity and back

Neuromuscular Taping: rehabilitation compendium in Sports

Medicine

NeuroMuscular Taping Institute

Textbooks available - Please refer

Application of an elastic tape

Hypoallergenic adhesive base

Does not leave glue residue

Expect fast and continuous results

Suitable for all skin types and conditions

Contains no drugs or ingredients


Raises the skin

Facilitates lymphatic drainage

Improves blood circulation and venous return

Reduces pain

Maintains a continuous relaxation effect on

muscle fibre

The tape form wrinkles which

Taping – A form of strapping with an application

of an elastic tape on the body surface applied

with pressure to keep the muscle or joint in a

certain position.

Strap Taping – Application of a non-elastic or an

elastic tape for purposes of limiting movement in

a joint, muscle, vascular or lymphatic area.

Compression Bandage – Application of a

specific material to support a dressing over a

damaged area or wound to limit movement.


Types of Bandaging

Dressing – Application of a dressing over a

wound to promote healing and prevent

additional harm to the treated area.

Wraps and Braces – Applications used to help

stabilize an affected area.

Sticking Patch or Band-Aid – Application of a

non-elastic tape to cover a wound and/or

facilitate the assimilation of a medication

(medicated Pain Patch)


Types of Bandaging

Specific application of an elastic tape on the

skin surface following the longitudinal anatomy

of the body

Treatment technique that takes advantage of

the eccentric stimuli that produces a

decompressive action on the treated area

Used for the treatment of any disorder requiring

rehabilitation


4° century BC, 2400 years of compressive taping

techniques

Greek and Etruscan vase found in Vulci, Italy.


Using an elastic tape applied to the skin to

produce an eccentric biomechanical action

This eccentric action created by the tape and is

activated by normal body movement that

produces a dilation effect on the circulatory and

lymphatic systems


The NeuroMuscular Taping treatment system through compression and

decompression was created in 2003 by David Blow

NeuroMuscular Taping Offices in Rome, New York, Dubai and Jakarta

Vocational training activities in the medical, rehabilitation and health

services

Development of treatment protocols to improve rehabilitation

outcomes and improve quality of life of patients

Development of university and hospital research projects in the world

International training projects in clinical treatment - NMT Volunteer

Training International.


The future is in the following rehabilitation areas:

Surgery

Oncology

Neurology

Pediatric

Geriatric

Trauma

Degenerative neurological diseases


The future is in the following Sport rehabilitation

areas:

Sport Trauma

Sport Performance

The future is in the following Medical rehabilitation

areas:

Vascular

lymphatic



Decompressive & Compressive


[email protected]

Muscle pain

Muscle inflammation

Muscle rigidity

Muscle fatigue

All involving compression and limited blood circulation and

lymphatic drainage

Decompression of the skin, lymphatic and blood circulatory

system, neurological system, muscle, tendon fiber and joints

To improve blood circulation and lymphatic drainage

To nourish and drain


DECOMPRESSIVE

Eccentric stimulation


COMPRESSIVE

Concentric stimulation

Muscle Pain

Muscle Inflammation

Muscle Rigidity

Muscle Fatigue


Compression and Limited Blood Circulation

AND

Lymphatic Drainage

Basic Concept:

Decompression of the skin, lymphatic and blood

circulatory system, neurological system, muscle,

tendon fiber and joints


To improve blood circulation and lymphatic

drainage

Skin - elastic Features

Lines longitudinal anatomical

Muscle

Tendon

Vascular and lymphatic systems

Lines of greater longitudinal elasticity - (Blow 2012)

Range of skin elasticity (Elastic Range of Action) -

(Blow 2012)

Lines of Skin elasticity

Elevating

Effect on

the Skin


Lines of Skin elasticity

Possibility of giving an external assistance to

muscles through the application of an

elastic adhesive tape on the skin surface

A technique that aids the natural healing

process of the body


Is a treatment system for muscular, skeletrical, vascular,

lymphatic, surgical and wound management conditions

Gives eccentric stimulation

Has a dilation effect

Advantage of this taping technique is that, unlike the others,

does not compress the skin, or connective tissue, and

therefore does not restrict movement of the body or blood

and lymphatic flow.

NeuroMuscular Taping is a simple, effective and safe non

pharmacological method of treatment

NeuroMuscular Taping aids the patient to achieve

therapeutic benefits 24 hours a day


The technique is based on two (2) aspects:

Development of a tape with certain qualities

Application method:

-Decompressive and dilation

-Compressive and constriction


Decompressive

Eccentric

Dilating

NeuroMuscular Taping Rehabilitation

system is

Taping technique

NeuroMuscular Taping technique can be

applied to various objectives such as:

_ Skin Decompression

Scar tissue ossigenation

Wound and ulcer care

Nervous System

Decompression

Muscular Decompression

Joint Decompression

Lymphatic Decompression

Blood Circulatory

Decompression

Tendon and Ligament

Decompression

Central nervous system

fatigue

Stability and Compression

of muscle fiber


of joints


of tendons and ligaments


NeuroMuscular Taping implicates the application of a

tape over and around muscle fiber to prevent excessive

contraction or extension.

This technique guarantees support and free range of

movement.

Reduces muscle fatigue, improves lymphatic drainage

and blood circulation 24 hours a day.

NeuroMuscular Taping can be used in an acute or

rehabilitative stage and may be integrated with other

forms of manual/instrumental therapies.


Normalizing compression/decompression of muscle

fiber and other parts of the body is the basis of

maintaining biological physiological homeostasis.

NeuroMuscular Taping creates a new approach in the

treatment of neurological, orthopedic and structural

conditions.

NeuroMuscular Taping is simple, safe and effective. The

tape and its method of application allow the body to

receive therapeutic stimulus 24 hours a day and help

normal recovery from their condition.

NeuroMuscular TapingWhy should athletes utilize NMT in rehabilitation

• Reduces pain and use

of (excessive) pain

medication

• Reduces hematoma

and edema

Reduces scar adhesion

Improves wound healing

• Reduces risk of

complications due to

excessive immobility

• Improves

inflammation/Healing

capacity

• Allows to see athletes

sooner starting the rehab

process

• Shortens the waiting

period so athletes can

start rehabilitation much

sooner

• Get back to training

earlier and healthier

NeuroMuscular TapingWhy should athletes utilize NMT in rehabilitation

• Normalizes physiological range of

movement

• Improves mobility and autonomy

• Provides 24 hours of beneficial

therapy

• Improves athletes compliance in

ongoing therapy

• Get to training objectives on time

• Shortens

athletes

recovery time

• Allows

therapists to

see more

patients


Typical applications Treatment of upper and lower limb muscle fatigue

conditions

Treatment of hypertrophic scars and adhesions

Treatment of continous low grade inflammation

Post surgery rehabilitation and other medical and

instrumental interventions

Treatment of all acute, post acute and chronic

conditions

Prevent degenerative joint over use conditions

Maintain max. oxygenation to muscle and nerve fibre


Contraindications Internal bleeding. The NMT Institute advises that taping

should not be done over the area where there is internal

bleeding as the decompression method could increase

blood flow to area increasing the bleeding and reducing

the bodies capacity to heal.


Contraindications Infections. In a similar way the efficient movement of fluids

throughout the body which NMTaping facilitates can

encourage the spread of acute phase of infection to

other parts of the body. Since this would be undesirable

and dangerous, it’s best to avoid taping whenever

infection is present.

Infection must be treated with necessary medical

treatments before the treatment with NMT.


Contraindications Cancer and metastasis. The NMT INSTITUTE experts that

taping when cancer is present may cause cancer cells to

spread to other parts of the body (called metastasis),

which is very dangerous. For this reason, the NMT Institute

gives the following unequivocal warning: “Without

exception, tape should never be used with

malignancies.”


Contraindications Thrombosis and phlebitis. DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis). DVT

is a condition in which blood clots form in one or more of

the deep veins of the body (often in the leg veins). Using

NMT Tape in cases of deep vein thrombosis can cause

blood clots to break free and travel to one of the vital

organs (heart, lungs, or brain), which could be fatal. If

you know you suffer from DVT, never apply NMT Tape to

the affected body parts. “Taping for a clot is very

dangerous and should never be done.”Kidney problems,

such as Renal Insufficiency.


Contraindications Thrombosis and phlebitis. DVT (Deep Vein

Thrombosis). NMTaping improves blood circulation and

promotes lymphatic drainage, using it in conditions where the

kidneys are unable to properly process body fluids can cause

serious problems. we advise “Taping any part of the body

during a state of renal insufficiency creates a risk for kidney

failure.”Congestive Heart Failure. The principle is the same here

as that for renal insufficiency. Because heart failure creates an

already excessive buildup of blood in the heart muscle,

NMTaping advises that, “Moving fluid back to a failing heart

can overwork it.” This would, of course, mean that Tape should

not be used on any part of the body when such a condition

exists.


ContraindicationsMelanoma and skin alterations and warts. Any skin

alteration o skin cancer cannot be covered with tape.

ANY CONTINUOUS IRRITATION OF THE SKIN is not advised.

Skin abrasions

Highly sensitive skin - Carefully remove the tape in case of

severe diabetes

Caution: Pregnancy (prohibited abdominal and spinal

applications)

Caution: venous insufficiency and ulcerative colitis

NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics

of Tape

Elastics only in its length – 40% over its original length

Similar to skin elasticity

10 cm of “tape” will extend to an maximum of 14 cm

Cotton-based tape with fine elastic fiber only in length


of Tape

Allows normal skin transpiration

Adhesive from a few days to one (1) week and does not

leave any glue residue

Water resistant

Constant lymphatic drainage for 24 hours a day

Biomechanical action

Does not contain chemical or pharmacological

ingredients


of Tape

Similar thickness and weight of skin

100% hypo-allergic acrylic glue: heat sensitive

Pre-tensioned on the backing paper 10%

Not medicated and no latex

Glue applied in wave form, helping normal body

movement

Long lasting for 3-4 days depending on condition

and type of application

Water resistant (Patients can shower)


of Tape

Sensitive to temperature

Visually noticeable

Publicity


of TapeDuration of Each Application

Average 3-4 days

Depending on the technique used and cut of

application

Depending on body sweating and activity

Depending on showering and swimming activities

Frequently applied in acute phase of treatment

Applied over a longer period of time in functional phase

of treatment


of Tape

Tape covering curved

body surface

• Must be cut into

different forms to

cover desired area

• Thinner strips can

easily adapt to a

curved body surface

• Can thereby treat

curved joint areas


of Tape

How to take

the tape off the

backing paper


of Tape

How much tension?

For normalizzation of

lymphatic and

vascular

functioning?

40 %

25 %10% 50 % 75

%100

%

100 %

0

%


of Tape

0%

10%

25%

50%

75% - never used

100% - never used

No Tension

Paper Tension

Light

Moderate

Severe

Maximum

Tension Levels


of Tape

0% Stretch

50% Stretch

25 – 50 -75%

0% Stretch

0 – 25% Stretch

Lymphatic Application

Joint Application

Tendon Application

(stretch)

Decompression

Application

Functional Application

Basic Concepts of Application Techniques


of Tape

I CUT X CUT Y CUT FAN CUTThe Tape is

Cut in Various

Ways


How to cutTape may be cut into the following widths:

5cm

2,5cm

1,25cm

1.0cm

0,8cm

0,6cm

0.5 cm

0.4 cm


IMPORTANT ConsiderationsThe tape is always measured on the body and

cut to size

Always leave a few extra cm

Round the corners

Do not touch the glue

Always put the body or skin in a stretched

position


IMPORTANT Considerations

After application, heat the tape by

rubbing your hand over to improve

adhesion of the tape.


Duration of each application 1 hour to 10 days

1-2-3-4 days on average

depends on the technique used and the type of

application used

depends on body sweating and sport/work activity

depends on the number of showers and swimming

activities

in the acute phase, the tape is changed frequently

in the functional phase the tape is applied and left for

longer periods of time


Duration of each applicationTreatment cycle

According to the area to be treated

According to the acute or post acute phase of the

patients condition

An average cycle is 8 treatments bi weekly


IMPORTANT Considerations Remove and shave body hair

Do not apply oil or skin lotions prior to applying tape

Do not use talc or powder on the skin prior to applying tape

Do not use perfume or fragrances in the treatment area

Remove any skin lotions using soap and water

Do not use alcohol to clean the skin

Use a test patch for sensitive skin

Change color if the patient reports skin irritation

Use high quality products to reduce skin irritation


How to Remove

Remove gently

Pull the skin in the opposite direction

while removing the tape

Remove the tape under the shower the

morning before returning for treatment


ActivationNeuroMuscular Taping together with slow rhythmic

movements forming constant tape wrinkles has a sedative

and relaxing effect determining:

The relaxation of connective tissue

A continuous anti-edema and increased lymphatic

drainage effect

The improvement of arterial blood supply and oxygenation

to the area to be treated

The improvement of blood supply and venous drainage

from the area treated

Eccentric stimulation over contrated muscle fibre, relaxing

and normalising muscle functioning


Activation Decompression effect over joints reducing pain, increasing

blood circulation and drainage and normalising joint

functioning

Decompression effect over nerve fibre reducing pain,

increasing blood circulation and normalising movement

A regenerative effect, evident in both young and elderly

people in orthopedics, with rapid formation of callus in the

case of fracture regeneration

A regenerative effect of the skin and connective tissue for

a rapid consolidation of the healing phase


Activation Improves body healing by accelerating blood circulation

and lymphatic flow, helping the removal of irritants that

hinder wound healing

Promotes lymphatic drainage and circulation and the

reduction of acute and chronic edema congestion

Promotes the opening of lymphatic venous anastomosis

Boosts the bodies immune system and improves resistance

to infections

Normalization of lymphatic drainage is accomplished

through the general renewal of intercellular fluid or

interstitial. Alexis Carrel - Nobel Prize in 1964 - showed that

the continuous supply lympha is essential so as the cells

can regenerate body ensuring a healthy life.


Important

Important - PFAVA

Position

Fix

Adhere

Verify

Activate


Treatment Applications

To enhance your learning skills in the following

aspects, it is highly advised that you carefully

annotate each application.

All applications will be applied with 0% tension.

Compression techniques will be indicated.


Treatment Applications Reference page from NMT or NMT Lymphatic book

Indicate length

Indicate width

The length and width of the tape is always calculated

on the size of the client

Indicate shape of tape

Indicate the clinical applications

Indicate the frequency and duration of treatments

guidelines


Lymphatic Drainage Applications


Lymphatic applications The tape causes the formation of cutaneous

folds and waves that raises the skin during the

movement, these waves or wrinkles will reduce

underlying pressure below

The tape reduces pressure in the congested

area, and also due to its constant presence,

together with body movement modifies

lymphatic pressure facilitaing drainage. Hence

NMT favors the restoration of normal lymphatic

functions.


Effects of Lymphatic applications removes congestion

improves blood circulation

improves lymphatic drainage

reduces the excessive congestion of catabolites

improves surface circulation and deep

reduces inflammation

reduces pain


Lymphatic Drainage Effects

Raise the skin, creating wrinkled wave

formations and reducing underlying pressure.

Reduce pressure over the congested area

and the presence of the tape, constantly

modifying pressure over the lymphatic

pathway.

Consequently help normal lymphatic

functioning.



The tape is applied:

• No tension on the tape over the extended

skin

• No tension on the tape over the skin

stretched in the opposite direction

Use only fan technique cut in:

• 4 strips

• 5 strips

• 6 strips

Create a direction for the lymphatic drainage

The base of the fan cut is always proximal


Muscle Applications

Upper Extremities


[email protected]


Treatment Applications

To enhance your learning skills in the following

aspects, it is highly advised that you carefully

annotate each application.

All applications will be applied with 0% tension.

Compression techniques will be indicated.


Treatment ApplicationsDecompression Application method

For single muscle and advanced techniques

Reference page from NMT book

Indicate length and width

Indicate tape tension level

Indicate shape of tape

Indicate the clinical application

Indicate the frequency and duration of treatments

guidelines


DeltoidDecompression Application

method for single muscles

Page 161 of NMT Book

Clinical Applications:

Subacromial Bursitis

Acromioclavicular Dislocation

Chronic instability of the shoulder

Impingement syndrome

Neurological and motor

rehabilitation of the shoulder


Deltoido Tape Application: decompression

From 5 cm below the “deltoid V” tuberosity of the humerus to 2.5 cm beyond

the acromioclavicular joint

o Patient Position:

• Posterior deltoid -Arm flexed to 90° and adducted, elbow flexed, as if were to

touch the other shoulder, with other hand

• Anterior deltoid -Arm abducted to 90° and slightly extended, head turned in

the opposite direction

o Anchor:

• Natural position with the arm hanging down the side. Therapist should remove

backing paper only from the tape anchor and position it slightly in the “deltoid

V”, leaving the two tape strips free with their backing on

• Tape applied with 0% tension

Tape

Specifications:One (1) Tape

Width: 5 cm

Length: 25 cm

Anchor: 5 cm

Y-Shaped


Deltoid

Compression Application

method for single muscle

Page 161 of NMT Book

Clinical Applications: Stability of the shoulder in compression

during sport activity


Treatment Applications• Tape Application: compression

• From 5 cm below the “deltoid V” tuberosity of the

Humerus to 2.5 cm beyond the acromioclavicular joint

• Patient Position:

• Anterior deltoid - Arm flexed to 90° and adducted,

elbow flexed, as if were to touch the other shoulder,

with other hand

• Posterior deltoid - Arm abducted to 90° and slightly

extended, head turned in the opposite direction

• Anchor:

• Natural position with the arm hanging down the side.

Therapist should remove backing paper only from the

tape anchor and position it slightly in of the “deltoid V”,

leaving the two tape strips free with their backing on


Tape


Width: 5 cm

Length: 25 cm

Anchor: 5 cm

Y-Shaped


Upper TrapeziusPage 138 of NMT Book


• Stress-induced

headache

• Whiplash injuries

• Symptomatic cervical

disc herniation

• Post-trauma and Post-

surgical shoulder

rehabilitation


Upper Trapezius• Tape Application:

• From 2.5 cm below the

acromioclavicular joint to the

hairline in the occipital region


• Head tilted away from the side of

the application

• Anchor:

• 2.5 cm below the

acromioclavicular joint

Tape


Width: 2.5 cm

Length: 25 cm

Anchor: 2 cm

Y-Shaped

NeuroMuscular TapingPosterior Neck Muscles pg.122 of NMT Book

Decompression

Application method

Clinical Applications

• Acute phase of neck pain

• Acute and Functional

phase of neck herniation

management


Cervical Herniation

Tape Specifications:

Two (2) Tapes

Width: 2.5 cm

Length: 25 – 35 cm

Anchor: 2 cm or

without anchor

Y-Shaped

• TAPE APPLICATION:

• From the hairline to 2 cm beyond the transverse process of the sixth thoracic vertebra

• PATIENT POSITION:

• Flex neck to 45°

ANCHOR:

• Just below the transverse process of the sixth thoracic vertebra


Sternocleidomastoid 131 of NMT Book


• Brachial Neuralgia

• Post-Oncological and

Surgical Throat rehabilitation

• Costoclavicular symptoms

• Headache


Sternocleidomastoid


• Two (2) Tapes

• Width: 2.5 cm

• Length: 25 cm

• Anchor: 1 cm

• Y-shaped

• Tape Application:

• From the mastoid process to 5 cm beyond

the clavicle


• Head slightly rotated toward the side of the

application, extended and tilted to the

opposite side

• Anchor:

• 2.5 cm above the mastoid process, hairline

permitting


Supraspinatus page165 of NMT Book


Subacromial Bursitis

Loss of strength in

abduction

Post-Traumatic and

Post-Surgical Shoulder

rehabilitation

Impingement Syndrome

of the Rotator Cuff


Supraspinatus page165 of NMT Book

• Type 1. One (1) Tape

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 25 cm

• Anchor: 2 cm

• Y-shaped


• From the tubercle of the Humerus to 2 cm

beyond the superior angle of the scapula


• Arm naturally adducted down the

patient’s side and rotated medially, with

elbow flexed and forearm resting on the

abdomen

• Anchor:

• Over the greater tubercle of the Humerus

• Type 2. One (1) Tape

• Width: 2.5 cm

• Length: 25 cm

• Anchor: 1 cm

• Y-shaped



Pecteralis Major page152 of NMT

BookClinical Applications:

• Bronchitis and Asthma

• Midscapular Pain

• Pain in hands and paresthesia

• Shoulder girdle disorders

• Post-Surgical or Post-

Oncological rehabilitation of

the breast

• Post-Surgical Cardiac

rehabilitation


Pecteralis Major page152 of NMT Book

Tape Specifications: One (1) Tape

Width: 5 cm

Length: 25 cm

Anchor: 2 cm

W-Shaped or Y-shaped


• From 2 cm beyond the intertubercular

(or bicipital) groove of the Humerus


• Arm abducted to 90° and slightly

extended, head turned in the opposite

direction

• Anchor:

• 2 cm beyond the intertubercular

groove of the Humerus


Rhomboid Major page148 of NMT Book


• Pain at the base of the scapula

• Neurological and motor


• Post-Traumatic and Post-

Surgical Shoulder Rehabilitation

• Shoulder Stiffness

• Snapping Scapula

• Rib Subluxation




One (1) Tape

Width: 5 cm

Length: 35 cm

Anchor: 2 cm

X-Shaped

Cut the tape in an

X-shape by folding

it in half and then in

half again; for a

further 5 cm , cut it

longitudinally as far

as the first fold


• From 2 cm before the medial margin of

the scapula to 2 cm beyond the medial

margin of the scapula on the other side


• Arms crossed with hands on shoulders and

accentuated dorsal kyphosis

• Anchor:

• Position center of the X-mid way between

the spinous processes of T2 and T4


Rhomboid Minor page146 of NMT Book


• Pain at the base of the

scapula

• Neurological and motor


• Shoulder Stiffness

• Snapping Scapula




• One (1) Tape

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 30 cm

• Center Anchor: 2

cm

• X-Shaped

• Cut the tape in an

X-shape by folding

it in half and then in

half again; for a

further 5 cm ,cut it

longitudinally as far

as the first fold


• From 2 cm before the medial margin of

the scapula to 2 cm beyond the medial

margin of the scapula on the other side


• Arms crossed with hands on shoulders and

accentuated dorsal kyphosis

• Anchor:

• Position center of the X-mid way between

the spinous processes of T2 and T4


Biceps Brachii page177 of NMT BookDecompression Application

method


• Subacromial Bursitis

• Adhesive Capsulitis

• Reduced Elbow Extension

• Tennis Elbow

• Post-Traumatic and Post-

Surgical Shoulder Rehabilitation


Biceps Brachii page177 of NMT Book

Tape

Specifications:

One (1) Tape

Width: 5 cm

Length: 35

cm

Anchor: 2 cm

Y-Shaped

1. TAPE APPLICATION:

• From 2 cm below the tuberosity of the

radius to 2 cm past the lateral third of the

clavicle

2. PATIENT POSITION:

• Arm adducted 45° down the patient’s

side and forearm in supination

3. ANCHOR:

• Just below the tuberosity of the radius so it

coincides with the center of the

bifurcation of the Y

• 0% Tension


Flexors & Extensors of the Wrist

Decompression Application

method for single muscles

Flexors: Page 225 of NMT Book

Extensors: Page 236 of NMT Book


• Wrist Joint Dysfunction

• Elbow Pain

• Epicondylitis

• Carpal Tunnel

• Ulnar Pain

• Hemiplegic Hand Patients


Flexor Digitorumo TAPE APPLICATION:

• From the middle of the forearm, to the tip of the middle

finger; the tape strips are to be measured from the tip of

the middle finger to 2 cm beyond the wrist. Each strip

should then be cut according to the length of the finger

concerned so that it ends at the base of the nail.

o PATIENT POSITION:

• Elbow, wrist and fingers extended

o ANCHOR:

• The end of the first strip is applied to the tip of the index

finger

Tape


Width: 5 cm

Length: 50 cm

Fan-shaped with

four strips each

20 cm long


Extensor Digitorum• TAPE APPLICATION:

• From the middle of the forearm to the tip of the middle

finger; the tape strips are to be measured from the tip of

the middle finger to 2 cm beyond the wrist. Each strip

should then be cut according to the length of the finger

concerned so that it ends at the base of the nail.


• Elbow is slightly flexed, forearm in the intermediate position

between pronation and supination

• ANCHOR:

• The end of the first strip is applied to the tip of the index

finger

Tape


Width: 5 cm

Length: 50 cm

Fan-shaped with

four strips each

20 cm long


Upper Extremities

Lymphatic Drainage Applications



Raise the skin, creating wrinkled wave

formations and reducing underlying pressure.

Reduce pressure over the congested area

and the presence of the tape, constantly

modifying pressure over the lymphatic

pathway.

Consequently help normal lymphatic

functioning.



The tape is applied:

• No tension on the tape over the extended

skin

• No tension on the tape over the skin

stretched in the opposite direction

Use only fan technique cut in:

• 4 strips

• 5 strips

• 6 strips

Create a direction for the lymphatic drainage

The base of the fan cut is always proximal



Removes congestion

Improves blood circulation

Improves lymphatic drainage

Reduces excessive congestion of metabolic

wastes

Improves superficial microcirculation

Reduces inflammation

Reduces pain

NeuroMuscular Taping Upper Extremities

Lymphatic drainage Page 88 of NMT Book


[email protected]


Upper Limb Page 89 of NMT Book

Decompression

Application method

Clinical

Applications:

• To promote

drainage of the

arm


Anterior Neck Muscles


• Anterior congestion

of the neck


Anterior Neck Muscles Pg. 88 of NMT Book


One (1) Tape

Width: 5 cm

Length: 20 – 25 cm

Fan-Shaped with five

strips

• TAPE APPLICATION:• With patient’s head held in the

extended position, apply the tape

anchor 5 cm below the manubrium

of the sternum

• Apply the five strips around the

trachea without imparting tensions


Elbow Drainage Pg. 67 of NMT Book

Decompressive

Application method


• To promote

drainage of the

elbow



Decompressive

Application method


• To promote drainage

of the elbow




• One (1) Tape

• Waidth: 5 cm

• Length: 25 cm

• Fan-Shaped with five

strips

TAPE APPLICATION:

• The patient’s elbow is flexed and

the hand is turned towards the

shoulder

• Apply the strips of tape close

together without tension, starting

form the triceps brachii

• Folds appear on the skin when

the elbow is extended


Joint Applications

COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE

• Utilizes the stretch capacity of the tape to help give

a positioning stimulus through the skin to the target

joint.

• For the upper limb, the degree of correction is

related to the extent of joint flexion giving the tape

different levels of stretch during the application and

movement

• Corrective joint application of the upper limb uses

0% tension with the joint in various levels of flexion


Joint Applications


[email protected]


Joint Applications

Decompression Technique:

• Creates decompression within the joints and muscle

fiber surrounding the joints

• Reduces muscle and tendon contraction, allowing

the decompression of the joints

• Reduces pain

• Reduces inflammation

• Improves ROM


Joint Applications

Decompression

Application method


• Acute phase

• Improving shoulder

stability and

coordination in

many directions


Shoulder – Adhesive Capsulitis


• Two (2) Tapes

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 25 – 30 cm

• Anchor: 2 cm

• Fan-Shaped with five strips


• 25-30 cm: standard sized fan to cover the

region to be treated


• Arm abducted to 90° externally rotated

and slighted extended

• ANCHOR:

• Just below the clavicle to have the middle

of the central strip positioned over the

anterior aspect of the head of the Humerus


Joint Applications

Decompression

Application method


• Post acute phase

• Improves shoulder

stability and

coordination in

multi-direction


Joint ApplicationsDecompression

Application Method 0%

tension


• Functional phase

• Improves shoulder

stability and

coordination in

multi-direction


Deltoid

• TAPE APPLICATION: COMPRESSION

• From 5 cm below the “deltoid V” tuberosity of the Humerus

to 2.5 cm beyond the acromioclavicular joint


• Anterior deltoid - Arm flexed to 25° and adducted, elbow

flexed, as if were to touch sternum, with other hand

• Posterior deltoid - Arm extended to 25°

• Medial deltoid - Arm abducted to 25°, head in lateral flexion

in the opposite direction

• ANCHOR:

• Natural position with the arm hanging down the side.

Therapist should remove backing paper only from the tape

anchor and position it slightly in from of the “deltoid V”

leaving the two tape strips free with their backing on



• A) One (1) Tape

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 20-25 cm

• Anchor: 5 cm

• Y-Shaped

• B) One (1) Tape

• Width: 2.5 cm

• Length: 20-25 cm

• Anchor: no

• I-Shaped


Shoulder Applications Page 73 of NMT Book

Compression Application

method


• Improving Post-

Traumatic Shoulder

Instability


Shoulder Applications

TAPE APPLICATION:

• Stabilize the shoulder by placing the patient in a

neutral position with the arm along the patient’s

side and the elbow flexed. Starting in the middle of

a length of tape, remove the backing paper as far

as 1 cm from each end. Position the tape with the

midpoint over the acromion and, with 50% tension,

draw it downwards and apply it anteriorly and

posteriorly. Apply the two ends without tension.

• Apply the second tape with 50% tension. Place the

midpoint below the head of the Humerus and then

apply the tape in a way to impart a transverse and

upward direction to the fibers of the deltoid. Apply

without tension.


• Two (2) Tapes

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 20 – 25

cm

• I-Shaped


Rehabilitation Applications


[email protected]



Decompression

Application method


• Acute phase of

shoulder treatment

Page 348 of

NMT Book




• 25-30 cm: standard sized fan to cover the region to be

treated


• Arm abducted to 90° externally rotated and slighted

extended

• ANCHOR:

• Just below the clavicle so the middle of the central

strip is positioned over the anterior aspect of the head

of the Humerus

Tape

Specifications:

• Two (2) Tapes

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 25 – 30

cm

• Anchor: 2 cm

• Fan-Shaped

with five strips


Epicondylitis

Decompression Application method


• Acute inflammation

phase of Epicondylitis

• Functional phase of

EpicondylitisPage 95, 350

of NMT Book


Upper Arm Neuro-Rehabilitation

Decompression

Application method


• Post acute phase of

upper limb disability

treatment – Stroke

• Both flexors and

extensors are treated

• Elbow, wrist and hand

treatment


Epicondylitis

• TAPE APPLICATION:• 25 cm: a standard-sized fan to cover the

anterior side of the elbow

• PATIENT POSITION:• Arm is forward extended with elbow fully

extended and forearm in pronation

• ANCHOR:• On the anteriorsurface of the arm so the

midpoint of the tape length coincides with the

mid-humerus

Tape

Specifications:

• One (1) Tape

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 25 cm

• Anchor: 2 cm

• Fan-Shaped,

with five strips,

no anchor


Epicondylitis – Skin Traction Technique

Pulling the skin in

the opposite

direction


• Acute Epicondylitis

Page 95 of

NMT Book


Epicondylitis – Skin Traction Technique

TAPE APPLICATION:

• Anchor the tape 4 cm proximally to the

painful point

• Arm should be held supinated in the

ulnar flexion position

• Pull patient’s skin in the proximal direction

• Apply tape without tension over the

course of the extensor muscles of the

wrist and thumb.

Tape

Specifications:

• One (1) Tape

• Width: 2.5 cm

• Length: 25 cm

• I-Shaped


Carpal Tunnel

Decompression

Application method


• Acute phase of Carpal

Tunnel Syndrome

• Functional phase of

Carpal Tunnel SyndromePage 354 of

NMT Book


Carpal Tunnel

• TAPE APPLICATION:• From the palmar side of the bases of the

fingers to the distal third of the forearm: this

length is then doubled and holes are cut in

the center fold

• PATIENT POSITION:• The forearm is in supination, the wrist in neutral

position between the flexion and extension

• ANCHOR:• Cut two holes mid-way along the tape, into

which the patient’s third and fourth fingers are

inserted. Cut another hole, 1.5 cm long

centrally at each end of the tape

TAPE SPECIFICATIONS:

• One (1) Tape

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 25 cm

• Fan-Shaped, with

four or five strips

FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT:

• One (1) Tape

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 10 cm

• I-Shaped


Arthritis Thumb Syndrome

Decompression

Application method


• Acute phase of

thumb arthritis

• Functional phase

of thumb arthritis


Upper Arm Neuro-Rehabilitation

Decompression

Application method


• Post acute phase of

hand disability

• Both flexors and

extensors are treated

• Wrist and hand

treatment


Post-Surgical Shoulder Rehabilitation

Decompression Application

method


• Acute phase of post-

surgical shoulder

rehabilitation

• Arthritis of the shoulder

• Shoulder Bursitis

• Adhesive Capsulitis

• Pain, Edema and

Hematoma

Page 129 of

NMT Book


Post-Surgical Shoulder Rehabilitation

TAPE APPLICATION:

• Anterior fan is applied with the patient’s arm

extended and abducted 90°

• The base anchor is positioned below the clavicle and

the three lower tape tails are applied over the

shoulder and along the biceps brachii

• The patient then lowers the arm to 45° abduction and

the therapist applies the two upper strips of tape

• Posterior fan is applied with the patient’s arm forward

flexed 90°

• Position the anchor below the scapular spine and

proceed with the application on the posterior aspect

of the arm following the same procedure as the

anterior fan

Tape

Specifications:

• Two (2)

Tapes

• Width: 5 cm

• Length: 25

cm

• Fan-Shaped

with five strips

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