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Sungkyunkwan University
Copyright 2000-2016 Networking Laboratory
Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6)
- Grand ICT 연구센터지원사업라이프컴패니온쉽경험을위한지능형인터랙션융합연구
- 무선포함접속방식에독립적인차세대네트워킹기술개발SDN/NFV기반의기업유무선통합네트워크를위한액세스기술독립적오픈소스컨트롤러개발
- 자율제어네트워킹및 자율관리핵심기술개발생체모방자율제어시스템및자율관리/통합플랫폼구축
- 첨단인터랙션을위한기반 SW 융합기술연구인간과기기, 기기와기기간의첨단인터랙션을위한융합 SW중심의기반SW 개발
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Contents
Overview
Network-Based Mobility Management
Mobile Node Attachment
Handover Procedure
MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6
Load Balancing in PMIPv6
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Proxy Mobile IPv6 Overview (1/2) A promising solution direction for handovers in future wireless
networks is to give control of the handover process to the network
(on behalf of the mobile node)
In this way the network can coordinate the entire handover process,
making the most optimal decisions at the most optimal time, by using
all information available
(Host-based Mobility) (Network-based Mobility)
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Proxy Mobile IPv6 Overview (2/2)
In PMIPv6, IP-level mobility is hidden from the mobile node (MN)
It is the Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) that detects and signals movement of the
MN to the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA), which is the topological anchor point of
the MN’s address
MAG1
MAG2
LMAHome network
MN’s home network
(topological anchor point)
MN’s home address (MN-HoA)
MN continues to use it as long as it
roams within the same domainLMA: Local Mobility Anchor
MAG: Mobile Access Gateway
MN
Movement
Proxy Binding Update (PBU)
The control message sent by MAG to LMA
to establish a binding
between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA
Proxy Binding Acknowledge (PBA)
The control message sent by LMA to MAG
NETLMM domain
(network-based
localized mobility
management domain)
IP tunnel
IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG
Proxy care-of address (Proxy-CoA)
The address of MAG.
This will be the tunnel end point
LMA address (LMAA)
That will be the tunnel entry point
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Network-Based Mobility Management (1/2)
An MN is managed by the mobility entities such as Mobile Access
Gateway (MAG) and Local Mobility Anchor (LMA)
The LMA acts as the Home Agent (HA), which manages the MN’s
binding state and home network prefix (Anchor Point)
The main task of MAG is to send a Proxy Binding Update (PBU)
message on behalf of an MN whenever the MN hands off within a
localized mobility domain (LMD) managed by the LMA
An MN can send and receive data with its Home Address (MN-HoA)
even if the MN hands off across different networks in the local mobility
domain
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Network-Based Mobility Management (2/2)
Mobility Signaling in PMIPv6
MAG 1
MAG 2
LMA/HA
NETLMM domain
(NETwork-based Localized
Mobility Management domain)
LMA: Local Mobility Anchor
MAG: Mobile Access Gateway
AAA: Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
AAA Server
③ Profile② AAA query with MN-ID
④ PBU
⑦ PBA
MN’s home address (MN-HoA)
MN continues to use it as long as
it roams within the same domain
⑤ AAA query
⑥ Profile
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Mobile Node Attachment (1/4)
Message Flow
① MN Attachment
② AAA query with MN-ID
③ AAA reply with profile
④ PBU with MN-ID
⑤ AAA query with MN-ID
⑥ AAA reply
⑦ PBA with MN-ID,
Home network prefix option
Router Advertisement
Tunneling
Tunneled data packets
Data packets
Data packets
Home
Network
Prefix
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Mobile Node Attachment (2/4)
Steps ① and ②: When an MN first attaches to an access network connected to the
MAG, the access authentication procedure is performed using an MN’s identity (i.e.,
MN-Identifier) via the deployed access security protocols on the access network
Step ③: After successful access authentication, the MAG obtains the MN’s profile,
which contains the MN-Identifier, LMA address, supported address configuration mode,
and so on from the policy stored (e.g., authentication, authorization, and accounting -
AAA server)
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Mobile Node Attachment (3/4)
Step ④: Then the MAG sends a Proxy Binding Update (PBU) message including the
MN Identifier to the MN’s LMA on behalf of the MN
Steps ⑤ and ⑥: Once the LMA receives the PBU message, it checks the policy store to
ensure that the sender is authorized to send the PBU message. If the sender is a trusted
MAG, the LMA accepts the PBU message
Step ⑦: Then the LMA sends a Proxy Binding Acknowledgment (PBA) message
including the MN’s Home Network Prefix (HNP) option, and sets up a route for the MN’s
home network prefix over the tunnel to the MAG
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Mobile Node Attachment (4/4)
The MAG establishes a tunnel with the LMA for packet transmission
The MAG then sends Router Advertisement (RA) messages to the MN on the access
link to advertise the MN-HNP
When the MN receives these RA messages, the MN configures the IP address using
either a stateless or stateful (with DHCP support) address configuration modes
After successfully completing the address configuration procedure, the MN uses this
address for packet delivery
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Handover Procedure (1/4)
Message Flow
MN
Detached ① DeReg PBU
② PBA
③ MN Attachment
④ AAA query with MN-ID
⑤ AAA reply with profile
⑥ PBU
⑦ PBA
Tunneling
⑧ Router Advertisement
Data Packets
Data Packets
Data Packets
Home
Network
Prefix
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Handover Procedure (2/4)
Step ①: When MAG1 detects the detachment of an MN, it will sends a DeReg PBU
(DeRegistration PBU) message to the LMA and remove the binding and routing state for
that MN
Step ②: The LMA sends a PBA message to MAG and waits for a certain amount of
time, before it deletes the MN’s BCE (Binding Cache Entry)
Step ③: MAG2 detects the attachment of MN
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Handover Procedure (3/4)
Steps ④ and ⑤ : Upon detecting the MN on its access link, the MAG2 will
perform the access authentication procedures
Steps ⑥ and ⑦: To update the LMA about the current location of the MN,
MAG2 sends a PBU message to the MN’s LMA on behalf of the MN
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Handover Procedure (4/4)
Step ⑧: After completion of the signaling, the MAG2 will send the Router
Advertisements (RA) containing the MN’s home network prefix, and this will
ensure the MN will not detect any change with respect to the layer-3
attachment of its interface
Upon receiving the RA message, the MN believes it is still on the home link
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Buffering in Proxy Mobile IPv6
Video Content
A comparison between handover procedures of standard PMIPv6
and buffering-based PMIPv6.
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Buffering in Proxy Mobile IPv6
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MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 (1/2)
No Mobility-related Signaling
No DAD during Handover
Reduced Tunneling Overhead
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MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 (2/2)
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Practice Problems
What is the Care of Address (CoA) in MIPv6?
What is the role of CoA?
What replaces CoA in PMIPv6?
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Load Balancing in PMIPv6 (1/2)
Load Issue in PMIPv6
The load status of LMA, the topological anchor point of MNs, is
critical since LMA processes all the packets MNs transmit and
receive
To avoid overloading of an LMA, there can be multiple local
mobility anchors in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain each serving a
different group of mobile nodes
In this environment, efficient load balancing of LMAs is an
important issue. It is because although there are multiple LMAs,
the load may concentrate to a specific LMA, which results in longer
queuing delay of LMA and increased packet loss
Using an existing Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
(AAA) server, even distribution of LMA loads is achieved
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Load Balancing in PMIPv6 (2/2)
(9) LMAA Query
(10) LMAA Reply (LMAA)
(13) LMA_HO_Init
Load of pLMA
exceeds its threshold
Load of pLMA
exceeds its threshold
(1) Rtr solicitation
(4) PBU
(7) PBA(8) Rtr advertisement
(2) AAA Query
(3) AAA Reply (MN Profile, LMAA)
(5) AAA Query
(6) AAA Reply
Pro
acti
ve
Mo
de
Re
ac
tive
Mo
de
(11) MN Context Transfer
(12) Transfer Ack
Tunneled Data PacketsData Packets Data Packets
Tunneled Data Packets Data PacketsData Packets
(14) LMA_HO_Init Ack
MN MAG AAA Server pLMA nLMA CN
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Publications
An Efficient Load Balancing of Mobile Access Gateways in Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domains
International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA), pp. 289-292, March 2010
Low Latency Handover Scheme Based on Optical Buffering at LMA in Proxy MIPv6
Networks
Springer-Verlag Lecture Motes in Computer Science, vol. 5593, pp. 479-490, July 2009
Route Optimization Using Scalable Cache Management for Intra-NEMO Communication
Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4611, pp. 739-747, July 2007
Reduction of Signaling Cost and Handoff Latency with VMAPs in HMIPv6
Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4325, pp. 341-352, November 2006
Forwarding Scheme Extension for Fast and Secure Handoff in Hierarchical MIPv6
Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3515, pp. 468-476, May 2005
Efficient Location Traffic Management with Multiple Virtual Layers
Journal of Information Science and Engineering, Vol. 19, No.5, pp. 787-808, Sept, 2003.
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References (1/2)
D. Johnson, C. Perkins, and J. Arkko, “Mobility Support in IPv6,” IETF RFC 3775, June 2004.
S. Gundavelli, K. Leung, V. Devarapalli, K. Chowdfury, and B. Patil, “Proxy Mobile IPv6,”
IETF RFC 5213, August 2008.
H. Soliman, C. Castelluccia, K. El Malki, and L. Bellier, “Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility
Management (HMIPv6),” IETF RFC 4140, August 2005.
R. Droms, Ed., J. Bound, B. Volz, T. Lemon, C. Perkins, and M. Carney, “Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6),” IETF RFC 3315, July 2003.
J. Kempf Ed., “Problem Statement for Network-Based Localized Mobility Management
(NETLMM),” IETF RFC 4830, April 2007.
J. Kempf Ed., “Goals for Network-Based Localized Mobility Management (NETLMM),”
IETF RFC 4831, April 2007.
Ki-Sik Kong, Youn-Hee Han, Myung-Ki Shin, HeungRyeol Yoo, and Wonjun Lee,
“Mobility management for All-IP Mobile Networks: Mobile IPv6 vs. Proxy Mobile IPv6,”
IEEE Wireless Communications, April 2008.
Yong Li, Haibo Su, Li Su, Depeng Jin, Lieguang Zeng, “A Comprehensive Performance
Evaluation of PMIPv6 over IP-based Cellular Networks,” Vehicular Technology
Conference, Spring 2009.
Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networking Laboratory 24/24
References (2/2)
N. Neumann, X. Fu, J.Lei, and G. Zhang, “Inter-Domain Handover and Data Forwarding
between Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domains,” draft-neumann-netlmm-inter-domain-02, March 2009.
G. Giaretta, Ed., “Interactions between PMIPv6 and MIPv6: scenarios and related issues,”
draft-ietf-netlmm-mip-interactions-04, June 2009.
Jong-Hyouk Lee , Tai-Myoung Chung , Sangheon Pack , and Sri Gundavelli, “Shall We Apply
Paging Technologies to Proxy Mobile IPv6?,” MobiArch’08, August 2008.
G. Heijenk, M. Bargh, J. Laganier, and A. Prasad, “Reducing Handover Latency in Future IP-
based Wireless Networks: Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6,” Second ERCIM workshop on
eMobility, May 2008.
Mun-Suk Kim, and SuKyoung Lee, “A Novel Load Balancing Scheme for PMIPv6-based
Wireless Networks,” AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communications, May
2009.
Dizhi Zhou, Hanwen Zhang, Zhijun Xu, Yujun Zhang, "Evaluation of Fast PMIPv6 and
Transient Binding PMIPv6 in vertical handover environment," International Conference on
Communications, May 2010.
Soochang Park, Euisin Lee, Fucai Yu, Sungkee Noh, and Sang-Ha Kim, "Inter-domain
Roaming Mechanism Transparent to IPv6-Node among PMIPv6 Networks," Vehicular
Technology Conference, May 2010.