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ContentsNetwork

StandaloneLAN (Local Area Network)

Advantages/Disadvantages of LANCable LAN (Local Area Network) & Types

RouterWAN (Wide Area Network)

ClientServer

Client/Network ServerPeer to Peer Network

Line/Bus TopologyStar Topology

Advantages/Disadvantages of Star TopologyWLAN (Wireless LAN)

Data TransmissionBibliography

Network• A computer network is a group of more computers con-

nected to each electronically, consisting in a server. • This allows files easily to be shared. Usually, this means

that the speed of the connection is faster than a normal connection to the Internet. Also can share hardware de-vices such as: Printer. Some basic types of computer networks include: A local area network, An "internetwork“.

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Standalone• A Standalone server is a type of server that is not part of a

larger network infrastructure such as an Active Directory domain.

• In a general sense, a standalone server provides services to clients without relying on any external resources, includ-ing authentication. These devices can be such as a fax which does not need any server to have a control.

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LAN (Local Area Network)• LANs are confined to a small area, like within a building or

several, it’s messages are sent between terminals and this is very useful for sending memos between offices.

• LAN can be used in schools, home offices etc.

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LAN (Local Area Network)

Advantages

• Easy to share devices, such as (printers, scanners, ex-ternal drivers)

• Easy to share data (home-work, picture)

• When a new version is intro-duced, it only has to be loaded onto the server in-stead of onto every worksta-tion

• Cost of LAN setup is low

Disadvantages

• Regional area coverage is limited

• When a file developed a fault, all the users in a server will be affected.

• Special security program is needed to prevent users ac-cessing into programs and data which is restricted.

• It is difficult to setup and needs maintenance regularly

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Cable LAN (Local Area Network) & Types• Cable LAN are used to connect one network

device to other or to connect two or more com-puters to share devices such as printer, scanner etc.

• Types of cabled LANs:• Twisted pair – a form of wiring which a twisted

conductors are used and used in homes and of-fices

• Coaxial cable – uses electromagnetic waves in-side the cable and is used for TV

• Optical fiber – the latest form cable LAN of transferring light pulses that is provided by the ISPs which is made out of very thin material of glass.

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Router• A router enables to transmit data such as internet be-

tween the computer networks.

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WAN (Wide Area Network)• WANs cover a wide geographical area. This can link com-

puters in different countries using satellites, microwaves or telecommunication links.

• WANs are usually built through leases lines and routers are used to connect the network at one place to the net-work at other place.

• Example, A company has a network in the USA. The company wants to open its office in UAE. In order to con-nect the two offices in the USA and UAE, we have to in-stall routers at both ends for communication.

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Client• A client is an application or system that accesses a ser-

vice made available by a server.

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Server• A server is a computer that serves many things to user,

or client machines. Usually a server will only do a few things.

• Every type of thing a server does is called a service. Ser-vices are used by other computers that are called clients. The relationship between the client and the server is called a client-server relationship.

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Client/Network Server• A network client/server is a computer that provides vari-

ous shared resources to workstations and other servers on a computer network.

• The shared resources can include disk space, hardware access, and email services.

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Peer to Peer Network• In its simplest form, a peer-to-peer (P2P) network is cre-

ated when two or more PCs are connected and share re-sources without going through a separate server com-puter.

• A P2P network can be an ad hoc connection—a couple of computers connected via a Universal Serial Bus to trans-fer files.

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Line/Bus Topology• Computers are connected to a main cable. If a data is

sent between computers then other computers cannot transmit. If there are too many computers are connected then the speed of transmitting data will be slower.

Advantages of line/bus topology:• The wiring complexity is low.• An economical and easy to manage twisted wire pair

serves as the transmission medium.

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Star Topology• A central server usually forms the main computer and the

subsidiary computers are connected to it and to each other through a switch or hub.

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Star Topology

Advantages

• The most reliable because the failure of a computer or a computer cable does not af-fect other computer.

• Easy to install and to expand with extra computers.

• Adding further computers does not greatly affect per-formance because the data does not pass through un-necessary computers.

Disadvantages

• Uses the most cable which makes it more expensive to install than the other two topologies.

• The extra hardware required such as hubs or switches further increases the cost.

• If the switch, the link to the server or the server itself fails then the whole network fails.

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WLAN (Wireless LAN)• WLAN is a LAN that doesn’t rely on wired Ethernet con-

nections. A WLAN can be an extension to a current wired network or an alternative to it.

• WLANs have a data transfer speeds ranging from 1 to 54 Mbps.

• The wireless signal can be broadcast to cover an area ranging in size from a small office to a large campus.

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Data Transmission• It is the physical transfer of data over a point or point or

point to multipoint communication cable. Which are made of copper wires, optical fibers, wireless communication channels, and storage media. The data are represented as an electromagnetic signals, such as an electrical volt-age, radioactive, microwave, or infrared signal.

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Bibliography• http://

answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080914004237AAlPZXT

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing)• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer• http://

compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingfaqs/a/client-server.htm

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standalone_server• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network• http://www.klbict.co.uk/gcse/theory/5_3/5_3_4_topologies.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmission

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