net-zero: beauty, health, survival and evolution
DESCRIPTION
A look at Net-zero design through several Maclay Architects case studies. Examine how creativity and innovation in energy design invigorate the evolution of architectural traditions in New England. Project examples offer a diversity of aesthetic responses in high performance commercial and institutional buildings, including how design, practices, and processes are incorporated into regional traditions and ecologically-driven design solutions.TRANSCRIPT
Photo by Carol Stenberg Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com
Photo by the Putney School Photo by Maclay Architects
Photo by Maclay Architects
Image by Maclay Architects
Net-Zero – Is Net-Zero New?
Photo by John Fowler / CC-BY-2.0
Photo modified by Disenyo from photo by Paul Kempeneers / CC-BY-SA-2.5
Photo by Martin St-Amant / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Photo modified by Edfu6 from photo by Rémih / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Photo by Bill Maclay
Photo by Pascal Reusch / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Photo derived from photo by Hans Ollermann / CC-BY-2.0
Photo by Timothy A. Price and Nichole I. / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Farming/Renewable Coal Oil
Energy, Lifestyle & Settlement
Sun / Villages & Towns Coal / Urbanization Oil / Suburbanization
Painting by Thomas James Judkin / Public Domain
Photograph by Michigan Department of Transportation / Public Domain
painting by Jan Brueghel the Elder / Public Domain-US
painting by Jean-François Millet / Public Domain-US
Photo by austrini / CC BY 2.0
Photo by Rand, McNally & Co / Public Domain-US
photo by Seattle Eng Co / Public Domain-US
Photo by Minesweeper / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Photo by David Shankbone / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Derivative by Maclay Architects from Otto Krebs 1874 / Public Domain-US
World Population and Energy Consumption
Historical Trends in Global Energy Consumption By Carolyn S. Mattick, Eric Williams, and Braden R. Allen
SOLAR ENERGY FOSSIL FUEL
economy, energy, environment, equity & population
Global Challenges & Our Buildings & Community’s Impacts
photo by Olsen Dave, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Public Domain
Photo by Ahron de Leeuw / CC-BY-2.0
Public Domain
Photo by Perpetual Tourist / CC-BY-2.0
Photo by John Hill / CC-BY-SA-3.0
The Non Net-Zero Tradition
Photo by Derek Jensen / Public Domain
Photo by Lothar Neumann / CC-BY-SA-2.5
Photo by Stephen Codrington / CC-BY-2.5
Photo by Bodoklecksel / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Photo by Gemma Longman / CC-BY-2.0
Public Domain
Peak Oil
Historical World Oil Price
Projected Oil Price Based on Historical Growth
Vermont Historical Fuel Price
Inflation Rates Calculated for #2 Fuel Oil Fuel Price Data from VT Fuel Price Report, VT Department of Public Service
We Can do this Again
5 Simple Steps to a Net-Zero Positive Energy Future
1. Establish project goals and building energy metrics (like car mileage)
2. Design buildings like living organisms - interconnected to an ecosystem
1. Siting
2. Massing
3. Lighting
4. Renewable Energy
3. Design for beauty in living
4. Monitor and tweak operation
5. Educate / Celebrate Photo by Harald Pettersen/Statoil / CC-BY-2.0
Photo by Tom Chance / CC-BY-2.0 Photo by a1personage / Public Domain Photo by David Brazier
Net-Zero Ready Standards
R-40 Walls
R-60 Roof
R-20 Below Grade
R-5-10 Windows
Less than 0.1 cfm50/sqft
Natural: 0.15 ACH
10-15 kbtu/sf
Photo by the Putney School
Net-Zero Homes
Maclay Architects Net-Zero Office
Maclay Architects Net-Zero Offices
BUILDING TYPE: Historic carriage barn transformed into offices SCOPE: Renovation PROJECT SIZE: 2,500 sf ENERGY INTENSITY: 34 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100%
Maclay Office Renovations
Daylighting windows with light reflecting blinds
Wheat & Palm tree flooring
Roller shades to reduce glare
Open ceiling trusses for increased daylighting
Recycled glass tile in concrete floor
R-60+ Ceiling
R-40+ Walls
R-5 Windows
Photos by Maclay Architects
17.55 kW PV installation
Existing 2 kW tracker Photos by Maclay Architects
Dartt House Renovations
Diverted construction waste
High-performance, R-5, windows and doors in historic openings
Upgraded thermal envelope inside historic shell, R-60 roof, R-40 walls
All Earth Renewable Trackers will be installed to make the property net-zero
Photos by Maclay Architects
River House
Photo by Maclay Architects
River House
BUILDING TYPE: Net-zero house SCOPE: New Construction PROJECT SIZE: 4,500 sf INSTALLED PV: 14 kW Groundmount system ENERGY INTENSITY: 20 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100%
Photo by Maclay Architects
Photos by Maclay Architects
River House
Photo by Carol Stenberg
Putney Residence
Images by Maclay Architects
Photos by Maclay Architects
Newton Residence
Images by Maclay Architects
Net-Zero Commercial / Institutional
Bennington Courthouse
Existing Building
George D. Aiken Center
George D. Aiken Center BUILDING TYPE: Model, living building SCOPE: Renovation & Addition PROJECT SIZE: Phase 42,000 sf, 2% new construction PROJECT COST (estimate): $7,750,000 COST/SQFT: $184/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (existing): 89 kbtu/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (modeled): 23 kbtu/sf
Sun Shade Louvers
High-R Curtain Wall
Wood from UVM Land
Living Machine Waste Treatment
Mechanically Operated Windows
Polished Concrete
Coastal Maine Botanical Garden Educational Center
Photo by Robert Benson
Photo by Robert Benson
Photo by Robert Benson
Photo by Robert Benson
Photo by Tim Greenway
Photo by Robert Benson
NRG Systems – Building 1 & 2
Photo by Maclay Architects
NRG Systems – Building 1 & 2
BUILDING TYPE: Model Renewable-Powered Workplace SCOPE: Two new buildings and masterplan PROJECT SIZE: Phase 46,500 sf / 31,000 sf PROJECT COST: $5,000,000 / $6,500,00 COST/SQFT: $107/sf / $212/sf ENERGY INTENSITY: 23 kbtu/sf / 19 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 89% / 95% AIR INFILTRATION: 0.18 cfm50/sf / 0.092 cfm50/sf NATURAL: 0.08 ACH, winter / 0.05 ACH, winter LEED RATING: LEED-NB Gold / LEED-NB Gold
Photo by Maclay Architects
NRG 2 – Site Plan
Energy conservation Daylighting Renewable energy usage Pond for cooling Storm water management
Building 1
Building 2
Integrated Environmental Design & Systems
Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com
View towards fireplace & hearth from café
View of Central Stair
NRG Building 1 – Central Heart
Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com
Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com
View into the café Library and Floor Art on 2nd Floor
NRG Building 2 – Central Heart
Photo by Maclay Architects
Photo by Maclay Architects
Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com
Earth, Air, and Water Theme
NRG Building 2 – Art Floor
photo by Jeffery Clarke
The Putney School Field House
Photography by Sally McCay
The Putney School Field House
BUILDING TYPE: Net-zero wellness center SCOPE: New Building PROCESS: Community Design PROJECT SIZE: Phase 17,500 sf PROJECT COST: $5,106,00 COST/SQFT: $292/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (MODEL/ESTIMATE): 11 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100% AIR INFILTRATION: 0.065 cfm/sf LEED RATING: LEED-NB Platinum anticipated
Photography by Sally McCay
Field House Sections
Field House Energy Analysis
Western Facade
Gymnasium Space
Photo by Maclay Architects
Photography by Sally McCay
A Net-Zero Campus
Land Use: Renewable Era? c. 2010 - ?
A Net-Zero Putney School Campus
Putney School Buildings -- Heating Energy Intensity
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Main B
uilding
Arms H
ouse KDU
John R
ogers
Rogers
House
Prefab H
ouse
Arts &
Craf
ts
Cinderbloc
k Hou
se
Library
Gray H
ouse
Old Girls
(Main
Building)
Rockwell
Hous
e
Goodlat
te Hou
se
Currier
Cen
ter
Art Build
ing
Old Boys
White C
ottage
Noyes
Reynolds B
uildin
g
Innkeep
ers H
ouse
Lower Fa
rm
Jeffr
ey C
ampbell
Theater
Page F
arm H
ouse &
Barn
Leona
rd's
Keep
Hueseb
y Hous
e
New B
oys
Milk H
ouse
Field H
ouse
Btu
/sq.
ft-dd
ay
Before net-zero energy cost: $400,000/year After net-zero energy cost: $0/year Net-zero capital cost - $20,000,000
Energy Usage of the Mad River Valley
Path 1 Estimates: 165,000,000 kWh or 562,000,000 kBTUs
Path 2 Estimates: 476,000,000 kWh
or 1,625,000,000 kBTUs
MRV Total Energy Estimate Range:
Electricity: 66,000,000 kWh Heating : 45,000,000 – 244,000,000 kWh Transportation: 54,000,000 – 158,000,000 kWh
MRV Total Estimate: 300,000,000 kWh
or 1,025,000,000 kBTUs
A Net-Zero Mad River Valley
What does 300,000,000 kWh or 1.025 trillion kBTUs mean?
176,000 barrels of oil 73,000 cords of wood, 73,000 acres of woodland 256,400 kW of installed PV, 1500 acres or 2.4 square miles 36 wind turbines (2.3 Mw with 100 meter blades) assuming a wind speed of 7.5 mps, requiring ridgeline placement
Sources: Utility Facts, 2008 by The Vermont Department of Public Service Mad River Valley Electric Energy Usage from the Mad River Energy Study
A Net-Zero Mad River Valley
With energy conservation we can realistically expect to reduce energy loads by around 25%. We would then need: 132,000 barrels of oil 55,000 cords of wood, 55,000 acres of woodland 192,300 kW of installed PV, 1150 acres or 1.8 square miles 27 wind turbines (2.3 Mw with 100 meter blades) assuming a wind speed of 7.5 mps, requiring ridgeline placement
Sources: Utility Facts, 2008 by The Vermont Department of Public Service Mad River Valley Electric Energy Usage from the Mad River Energy Study
$0.00 $1.00 $2.00 $3.00 $4.00 $5.00 $6.00
Vermont Historic Fuel Prices
#2 Fuel Oil Kerosene
How do we get to Net Zero Vermont and Planet?
1. Calculate existing loads
2. Reduce existing loads 80%–90%
3. Add renewables to zero