A

TRAINING

REPORT

ON

DEVELOPING ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

USING .NET FRAMEWORK

Submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirement for

BACHELOR DEGREE IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

2010-11

UNDER

NIIT,KANPUR

Submitted To

Mr. Navin Tyagi(H.O.D)

Submitted By

SHWETA TRIPATHI(0701910076)

Acknowledgement

This Training is aims at learning about the DEVELOPING ENTERPRISE

APPLICATIONS USING .NET FRAMEWORK at NIIT KANPUR, under the

guidance of Ms. Meenu Shrivastava

I take this golden opportunity to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Ashish

(Head of Center) who guide us in every possible way in our training.

I am also thankful with my deep sense of gratitude towards my loving

parents for their inspiring encouragement and unbound affection.

SHWETA TRIPATHI

0701910076

C.S. final yr.

CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. .Net framework

3. Why .Net?

4. Net supported languages

5.Plateform Independence

4. Visual studio .Net

5. Project

INTRODUCTION

.NET is a major technology change for Microsoft and the software world. Just like the computer world moved from DOS to Windows, now they are moving to .NET. But don't be surprised if you find anyone saying that "I do not like .NET and I would stick with the good old COM and C++". There are still lot of people who like to use the bullock-cart instead of the latest Honda car.

The simple answer is 'it is the technology from Microsoft, on which all other Microsoft technologies will be depending on in future.'.

.NET technology was introduced by Microsoft, to catch the market from the SUN's Java. Few years back, Microsoft had only VC++ and VB to compete with Java, but Java was catching the market very fast. With the world depending more and more the Internet/Web and java related tools becoming the best choice for the web applications, Microsoft seemed to be loosing the battle. Thousands of programmers moved to java from VC++ and VB. This was alarming for Microsoft and many of the Microsoft fan's kept on asking "is Microsoft sleeping?". And Microsoft had the answer. One fine morning, they announced : "We are

not sleeping. We have the answer for you.". And that answer was .NET.

But Microsoft has a wonderful history of starting late but catching up quickly. This is true in case of .NET too. Microsoft put their best men at work for a secret project called Next Generation Windows Services (NGWS)., under the direct supervision of Mr. Bill Gates. The outcome of the project is what we now know as .NET. Even though .NET has borrowed most of it's ideas from Sun's J2EE, it has really outperformed their competitors.

Microsoft's VC++ was a powerful tool. But it was too complex. It has too many datatypes, and developers had to learn many libraries including WIndows SDK, MFC, ATL, COM etc. There were many datatype compatibility issues while exchanging data between different layers. Visual Basic was too easy, and many serious programmers hated it just for that reason. Even though Visual basic was very easy to use, it was not very flexible to develop serious applications. SUN's Java became a very good choice for these reasons. It had the flixibility and power of C++ and at the same time easy enough to catch the attention of VB programmers.

Microsoft recognised these factors and they introducd the .NET considering all these factors. All unwanted complexities are eliminated and a pure object oriented programming model was introduced. This makes programmer's life very easy.

.NET framework comes with a single class library. And thats all programmers need to learn!! Whether they write the code in C# or VB.NET or J#, it doesn't matter, you just use the .NET class library. There is no classes specific to any language. There is nothing more you can do in a language, which you can't do in any other .NET language. You can write code in C# or VB.NET with the same number of lines of code, same performance and same efficiency, because eveyone uses same .NET class library.

What is .NET ?

1-It is a platform neutral framework.

2-Is a layer between the operating system and the programming language.

3- It supports many programming languages, including VB.NET, C# etc.

4-.NET provides a common set of class libraries, which can be accessed from any .NET based programming language. There will not be separate set of classes and libraries for each language. If you know any one .NET language, you can write code in any .NET language!!

5-In future versions of Windows, .NET will be freely distributed as part of operating system and users will never have to install .NET separately.

What is Not ?

1 .NET is not an operating system.

2 .NET is not a programming language.

3".NET is a framework"

.NET Framework

.NET Framework is a software that provides a set of libraries called as Base Class Library (BCL), Common Language Runtime (CLR), Compilers, additional tools like GACUTIL.EXE, SN.EXE etc.

VERSIONS

.NET Framework has different versions

1.0

1.1

2.0

3.0

3.5

4.0

Where we can find the .NET Framework?

All version of .NET Framework are placed under the folder

C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework

Different frameworks available for .NET Development?

1. .NET Framework from Microsoft

a. Support all .NET based languages

b. Can work with Windows Only

c. It is proprietary

2. Mono Framework from Novell

a. Support few languages like C# and Ruby

b. Can work on any platform

c. It is open source

Why .NET?

“.NET technology was introduced by Microsoft, to catch the market from the SUN's Java.”

.NET is made with certain goals

100% utilization of existing knowledge of a person using different set of languages which are based on .NET Framework

o C#

o VB

o J#

o F#

o Pythen.NET

o Ruby.NET

o COBOL.NET

o Etc.

Any kind of development using any one language

o Console Application

o Windows Application

o Web Application

o Mobile Application

o Window Service

o Web Service

All language get compiled into a common format called as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language) as .exe or .dll

All language becomes interoperable because of MSIL code

To make a program as interoperable it must follow CLS (Common Language Specification) compliancy rules like C# program will not have the pointers, two variables with same name etc.

All language are object oriented

Only one software is required to run progams written in any language called as CLR (Common Language Runtime)

All languages share the data types from Common Type System (CTS). CTS is a collections of structures and classes that get mapped to some data type of a language

o System.Int32 structure of 4 bytes integral

o System.Int64 structure of 8 bytes integral

o System.Single structure of 4 bytes floating

o System.Double structure of 8 bytes floating

o System.Decimal structure of 16 bytes floating

o System.String class to hold address of some string

o System.Object class to hold address of any type

All such CTS types get mapped by different languages

o C#

int System.Int32

float System.Single

o VB

Integer System.Int32

Single System.Single

Single IDE called as Visual Studio.NET for Rapid Application Development (RAD)

o 2001

o 2003

o 2005

o 2008

o 2010

No more “DLL Hell”

XCOPY based installation

Side by Side Execution of assemblies

Integration of technologies from other vendors

o AJAX from Google

o Web Service

Provides technologies and services

o LINQ (Language Integrated Query)

o WF (Window Workflow Foundations)

o WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation)

o WCF (Windows Communication Foundation)

o XAML (eXtended Application Markup Language)

o Silverlight

It is also available in Open Source Model that can run on any operating system using Mono Framework given by Novell. It supports very few languages like C#, Ruby etc.

.Net Supported Language

1. C#2. VB3. J#4. F#5. Pythen.NET6. Ruby.NET7. COBOL.NET

The above languages are from Microsoft. Many third parties are writing compilers for other languages with .NET support.Difference between VB and VB.NETBelieve us, there is not much in common between VB and VB.NET other than the name. VB.NET is a totally new programming language. It just retains the syntax of old VB. So, if you are a vb programmer, probably you may like VB.NET than C# just because of the syntax.

In addition to this, VB.NET still support many of the old VB functions just for backward compatibility. But if you are a serious .NET programmer, we strongly suggest never use old VB functions in VB.NET. So, switching from VB to VB.NET is just like learning a new programming language, with very small similarities between them.

C# or VB.NET ? Which one to choose ?

As we mentioned in earlier , it makes no much difference. Whether you write code in VB.NET or C#, when you compile, your code will get converted to MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate language). It is this MSIL which you deliver to your customer in the form of a DLL or EXE. The MSIL is executed by the same .NET framework, whether you wrote it originally in C# or VB.NET.

The MSIL generated by C# and VB.NET is almost 99% is the same! Many believe that C# has the power of C++ and VB.NET has the user friendliness of VB. That is not true. Both are equally powerfull and friendly.

VB.NET has backward compatibility with old Visual basic. So, it supports old vb functions. C# is a fresh, clean language. So strongly support using C# instead of VB.NET just for this clean compiler.

Many old VB guys usually like to stick with VB.NET and are kind of scared of C#. We are sure that you will not take more than few days to get familiar with C# syntax. This online tutorial is based on C# and all samples will be provided in C#.

Is it platform independent ?

Many people ask this question "Java is platform independent, what about .NET ?".

The answer is "Yes" and "No" !

The code you write is platform independent, because whatever you write is getting compiled into MSIL. There is no native code, which depends on your operating system or CPU. But when you execute the MSIL, the .NET framework in the target system will convert the MSIL into native platform code.

So, if you run your .NET exe in a WIndows machine, the .NET framework for Windows will convert it into Windows native code and execute. If you run your .NET application in Unix or Linux, the .NET framework for Unix/Linuxwill convert your code into Unix/Linux native code and execute. So, your code is purely platform independent and runs anywhere!

But wait, we said it wrong... there is no .NET framework for Unix or Linuxavailable now. Microsoft has written the .NET framework only for Windows. If you or some one else write a .NET framework for other platforms in future, your code will run there too. So, let us wait until someone write .NET framework for Linux before you run your .NET code in Linux.

Future of .NET

Microsoft is moving all its technologies to be .NET based or .NET related. The next version of SQL Server even supports writing stored

procedures in .NET languages. .NET runtime will be part of all Operating Systems by default.

VISUAL STUDIO.NET

What is Visual Studio.NET ?

Many people always get confused with Visual Studio .NET (VS.NET) and .NET technology. VS.NET is just an editor, provided by Microsoft to help developers write .NET programs easily . VS.NET editor automatically generates lot of code, allows developers to drag and drop controls to a form, provide short cuts to compile and build the application etc.

Understand Visual Studio .NET

VisualStudio is a very user friendly tool. But there are enough stuff to confuse any one new to Visual Studio family. The purpose of this chapter is to make you familiar with different options in Visual Studio.NET (VS.NET) We will not cover the entire visual studio guide. We are just explaining the most commonly used features of VS.NET.

When you work on any project, VS.NET has several child windows to assist you in the application development. These windows are attached on the left, bottom and right sides of the main window. You can click on these small windows to expand it and see the content of them. Some of the most commonly used child windows are explained below. Most of these windows will be enabled only when you have created a project and working on a WebForm/WinForm.

Toolbox

Toolbox provides all the drag and drop controls for your application. Depending on the kind of application you are working on, the toolbox will show appropriate controls and you can drag and drop them to your form. If you are developing a web application, toolbox will show ASP.NET controls and if you are developing a Windows application, it will show Windows controls (like Radio button, text box, buttons etc).

You can simply drag and drop any controls from the toolbox to your form. After you drag and drop any control, double click on the control to go the default event associated with the control.

The Toolbox will be enabled only when you have a WebForm or WinForm opened in Design mode and is usually located on TOP LEFT corner of the VS.NET.

By default, all windows including Toolbox will be displayed as Minimized (Marked as A in picture). You will see only the small icon and the text 'Toolbox' written vertically on the left bar of VS.NET. You can click on this minimized window to expand it (Expanded window is marked as C.). When you move the mouse away from the window, it will again automatically minimize. You can keep the toolbox always expanded by pressing the pushpin (Marked with B.)

The above behaviour is common for all the windows explained below. They will be minimized by default and you can point the mouse over it

to expand it. Use the pushbutton to keep it expanded

Design mode & HTML mode

If you are developing a web application, you can switch between design mode and HTML mode for any web form. When you are in HTML mode, it will show you the HTML tags and ASP.NET code and you can manually edit it. YOu can switch to the Design mode by clicking the Design button on BOTTOM LEFT corner of VS.NET. In design mode, you can see how your ASP.NET page is going to look like when some one view your web page. Also, you can drag and drop controls from the toolbox, which will automatically generate the HTML for it.Typically, developers switch between these two modes very frequently. You can go to design mode to drag/drop controls, right click on the controls to set correct properties etc. Then, click on the HTML mode to view the generated HTML. You can manually make changes to the automatically generated HTML. If you change any properties in HTML mode, the changes will be reflected when you switch to Design Mode

Solution Explorer

Solution Explorer, located on TOP RIGHT corner of VS.NET, displays your solution, all projects included in each solution and the list of files in each project. They are listed in the form of a tree control.Typically, for a single application, you will have 1 solution and one or more projects. When you create a new application, you are have to create single Visual Studio project. In more complex applications, there may be more than one projects. All these projects are grouped into a single solution. Even if you do not create a solution separately, a solution will

be automatically created for you.

To add a new file to your project, you can right click on the project name (JustTestis the project name in the picture) and choose the menu option Add. It will give you the option to choose a file type. You can choose an appropriate type.

For WinForms and WebForms, you can see the file in design mode and the code associated with it. Double click on any form and it will be opened in design mode. Right click on any form and select the menu option 'View Code' to view the code associate with the form.

Output

Output window, located on BOTTOM LEFT corner of VS.NET, displays the result of your project compilation. When you compile your project, all errors, warnings and compilation results will be displayed in this window.

In addition to the Output window, they are few other windows located in the BOTTOM LEFT corner of VS.NET.

Task List - shows individual tasks. Typically, when you compile your project, all errors and warnings will be added to your task list. You can double click on any item in the task list to go directly to the code

associated with the task

.Command Window - you can execute code statements here. When you are debugging, you can evaluate the value of any variables by

typing ? followed by the variable name.

Find Results - when you search for any text in file(s) using VS.NET, the results will be displayed in this window.

Projects

VS.NET allows you to create several types of projects. Most of the time you will be using one of two categories:

1. Windows Application - to create any standard windows application.

2.ASP.NET Web Application - to create a web site.

Creating a Project

To create a new project, choose the main menu :

File > New > Project.

It will give you several options. First you must select a type from the left side of the popup - you may choose Visual Basic Projects or Visual C# projects based on the language you plan to use for development.

After selecting a type, you choose a template from the right side. You may choose Windows Application, ASP.NET Web Application or any other templatebased on the nature of the application you want.

When you create a Windows Project or ASP.NET Web Project, VS.NET will add a sample file by default. You can simply Build your new project and see how it works.

Building a project

To try this, create a new Windows Project as explained above. It will create a sample form. Go to the main menu and select the menu item Build > Build Solution.

This process will compile all the files included in your project and show you the result in the Output window. If the result shows '0 failed', your build is success and your application is ready to deliver!!

To Run the application you just Built, go to the main menu and select Debug > Start Without Debugging. This will launch the application you just developed.

You can drag and drop several controls to the form and try running it.

When you compile (build) the code, if there is any errors or warnings, the details will be shown in the 'Task List' window. You can click on the specific item in this window to go directly to the line of code associated with the error.

Execution of a project

Code Written in any language when compiled get converted to an 'Intermediate Language' (Microsoft Intermediate Language - MSIL).

Compiled executable contains the IL and not really executable machine language.

With the help of C.L.R.(common language runtime) the IL code converted into machine executable code.