neoliberalism in the higher education: the case of russia
DESCRIPTION
The goal of this presentation is to explain the main features of neoliberalism in the context of Russia’s higher education. The period of neoliberal impact on Russia’s higher education can be roughly divided on two decades: “negative” (1990s - 2000s) and “positive” (2000s - 2010s). The first ten years were characterized by transformation of HEIs as a result of marketization (so called “academic capitalism” with certain criteria of HEIs efficiency), transformation of knowledge (downsizing in the humanities, prestige of the “ideological” disciplines), transformation of teaching practices (rise of corruption in education). The development of Russia’s higher education during the next ten years took relatively positive directions: increase of the role of administrators in the HEIs (“managerial revolution”), expansion and advancement of e-learning (using of e-learning in all forms of education is provided by Russian legislation), new reforms (Unitary national state examination, new ‘federal’ status of the most large universities, status of ‘National Universities’ with a large institutional and financial autonomy) and ratification of Bologna declaration (introcuction of 2-cycles educational system, etc.).TRANSCRIPT
Neoliberalism in the Neoliberalism in the Higher Education:
Higher Education:the Case of Russiathe Case of Russia
By Darya Reshetnikova10.12.12
MPA:
Governance and
the Public
Sector
Structure of presentation
SlidesWhat is the Neoliberalism……………………………………….…3The context of Russian neoliberal policies………………….4The state of higher education in Russia………...…………5-6Neoliberalism in the Russia’s Higher Education………….7
1990s-2000s……………………………………………...…..8-102000s-2010s………………………………………………...11-14
Conclusions………………………………………………………..15-18References……………………………………………….……...…19-20
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What is the Neoliberalism?
The ‘neo’ of ‘neoliberalism’ consists in ‘extending and disseminating market values to all institutions and social action, even as the market itself remains a distinctive player’Brown, 2005
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…human well-being can best be advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterized by strong private property rights, free markets, and free tradeHarvey, 2005
The context of Russian neoliberal policies1980s -1990s
o autarchic Soviet economy o resource based o dependent position in the
international division of labor,
o but a world military powero highly educated population!
The neoliberal reforms in Russia have been impure
Magun, 2011
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The state of higher education in Russia
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Federal State Statistics Service [Online] Available at: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat/rosstatsite/main/population/education/#
The structure of the students, depending on the type of financing education from 1985 to 2008, %
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Khristoforova et al., 2009, p. 186
The dynamics of public and private universities in the Russian Federation
Neoliberalism in the Russia’s Higher Education
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Magun, 2011
1990s-2000sTransformation of HEIs
Essential characteristics: oattractive for potential donorsocompetition for students, etc.oautonomy of research and teachingoreduction of funding for the ‘unpractical’ disciplines ocareer as a task of selling oneself on the ‘market’
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‘Efficient’ under some criteria:othe number of publications and citationsothe number of alumni in high positions
1990s-2000sTransformation of knowledge
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1990s-2000sTransformation of teaching practices
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2000s – 2010s: managerial revolution
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Magun, 2011
2000s – 2010s: New Reforms
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Russian Statistical Yearbook, 2011 (Education)
E-learning in the state and municipal educational institutions (at the beginning of the school year)
2000s – 2010s: New Reforms
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2000s-2010s: Bologna process (2003)
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Tempus IV. EACEA N° 25/2011
apart from the B.A./M.A. system, still introduced only partially
Discussions and Conclusions
o The 1st ten years of neoliberalism in Russia’s higher education reflected the negative impact of rapid reforms towards the market economy. The collapse of Soviet Union entailed the destruction of industry, the impoverishment of population and increase of anarchy. It impacted on the sphere of higher education significantly.
o The 2nd 10 years demonstrated the positive influence of growth in several key sectors of the economy, which brought wealth to the state and allowed it to raise living standards, improving the level of higher education in Russia. The directions of educational sphere’s development made a considerable contribution to the modernization of current system of higher education in Russia.
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Education indexexpected and mean years of schooling
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International Human Development Indicators [Online] Available at: http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/tables/
One of the three indices on which the HDI
Population that has attained tertiary education (2010) Percentage, by age group
Education at a Glance © OECD 2012, p.26.
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Discussions and Conclusions
oThe neoliberal and managerial measures are not independent and self-sustained. It should be considered in the economic, social, political and cultural contexts of the country. However, in 1990s neoliberal adjustments were supposed to accomplish a reform in the system without the context (e.g. in education: needs of students and employers)
oThe service economy does not demand high-quality education, which creates the problem of graduates’ employability and decreases the motivation of teachers
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Referenceso Brown, W. (2005) Neoliberalism and the End of Liberal Democracy. Edgework: Critical
Essays on Knowledge and Politics, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 37–59.o Carter, L. (2005) Globalisation and Science Education: Rethinking Science Education
Reforms, Journal Of Research In Science Teaching, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 561–580.o Education at a Glance 2012 OECD indicators, 563 p.o Educational System in Russia: The National Report of the Russian Federation (2004)
International Conference on Education: Quality Education for All Young People: Challenges, Trends and Priorities. Geneva: UNESCO, 8-11 September 2004, 31 p.
o Gaidar, E. and Chubais, A. (2011) The fork of the modern history of Russia, Moscow: OGI, 168 p. [in Russian]
o Gulson, K.N. (2009) Wither the Neighborhood? Education Policy, Neoliberal Globalization and Gentrification, Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Vol. 108, Issue 2, pp. 148–159.
o Harvey, D. (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism, OUP: USA, 2005, 247 p.o Harvey, D. (2007) Neoliberalism as creative destruction, Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 610, pp. 22-44.o Levidow, L. (2002) Marketizing higher education: neoliberal strategies and counter-
strategies. In: Robins, Kevin and Webster, Frank eds. The Virtual University? Knowledge, Markets and Management. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 227–248.10.12.12
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Referenceso Marginson, S. (2006) Engaging Democratic Education In The Neoliberal Age, Educational
theory, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 205-219.o Magun, A. (2011) Higher Education in Russia: Is There a Way out of a Neoliberal
Impasse? in Rehbein, B. Globalization and Inequality in Emerging Societies, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 148-175.
o Rozina M. (2005) About the implementation of the Bologna declaration in higher education system of the Russian Federation/ Materials of methodological Seminar “Russia in the Bologna process: problems, problems, outlook” [online] Available at: http://www.nntu.sci-nnov.ru/RUS/otd_sl/analiz/sistema_kach/sxema/norm_doc/bol_dek.pdf
o Russian education system (2012), [online] Available at: http://www.hse.ru/en/rus-ed.html
o Russian Statistical Yearbook (2011), [online] Available at: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat/rosstatsite/main/publishing/catalog/statisticCollections/doc_1135087342078
o The Concept of the Modernization of the Russian Education for Period until 2010 approved Government In 2001.
o Tempus IV. Reform of Higher Education through International University Cooperation. Fifth call application guidelines EACEA N° 25/201110.12.12
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