neill's landfield site assessment
TRANSCRIPT
ENVE580 2015Fall Special problems
Neill’s Landfill GroupNovember 2015
Neal’s Landfill
Landfill located 5.2 mi from Bloomington, In
Assignment 1Surface 18 Acres
Volume 325,000 yd3
Sorption is the main transfer mechanism for PCB’s
Main exposure route is ingestion
Karst terrain
Fish and fish-‐feeding animals could also be affected
Potential risk to nearby residents usingprivate water wells
Landfill workers
Neill’s Landfill preview
Assignment 1Neill’s Landfill preview
1949-‐1972
Municipal wastes
1960-‐1970
Viacom Corp.Disposal of
electronic capacitors
1983-‐1999
Site Construction
Assignment 1Source, pathways and receptors
Assignment 1
Assignment 1Contaminant levels
Assignment 1Flowchart for fate and transport
assessments: AtmosphereEmissions from covered landfill
Atmospheric exposure to Surface water ( Richland Creek)
Atmospheric exposure to nearby residents
Transfer of PCB’s to surface water
Human Inhalation
Flowchart for fate and transportassessments: Groundwater
Assignment 1
Adsorption to Surface solids wit OM
Percolation & Drainage. Deep contamination of soil
Resurgence to surface waterWildlife and human
recreational activities exposed Private wells contamination
Assignment 1Concentration at receptors
location.
Landfill with cover ERP = (DiCsiAPt^4/3Wi)/L ERP= 0.003566219 g/s
DATA(ERP) = Emission rate potential compound i g/secCsi = Saturated vapor concentration of compound i (g/sec) Cs=PM/RT 1.60E-‐07 g/cm3Cs=PM/RT 1.602E-‐07MW= 189 g/mol (based on C12H9CL)p= 1.60E-‐02 mmHg@30C from tableR= 62300 mmHg-‐l/KmolT= 303 K 273+TC
30 CSurface Area A (cm2) 45000 yard2 376257150 cm2Pt= porosity 0.4 for clayL=effective depth of soil cover (cm) 2 foot clay cover 60.96 cmDi = Diffisuin coefficient of compund I (cm2/sec) Diffusion Table (C12H9CL) 0.05571 cm2/SecWi=weight fraction of compound i in the waste (g/g) 219000 mg/kg 0.219 2.19E-‐01 g/g
150x300 yard
Air Emissions Plume ModelAtmospheric Stability = A, wind speed < 2m/s (worst case scenario)σx=σy = 90mσz = 90mx= 0.25 mile = 0.40km =400mQm= the contaminant mass volatilization rate from source (mg/sec)Qm= 0.003g/sec = 3 mg/sec
C(400m) = 5.89461E-‐05 mg/m3
𝐶(𝑥) =𝑄𝑚
πσ𝑦σ𝑧𝑢
Landfill with coveremission:0.00356 g/s
Contaminant Air concentration at 400m
C (400) = 5.894 E-‐05 g/s
Assignment 1Concentration at receptors
location.
Groundwater Plume Model concentration at 400 m
2.66 E-‐10 ppm
Groundwater Plume ModelX(distance)=5000 foot = 1524mK=1x10-‐7 cm/s n=0.4Assuming hydraulic gradient =0.3m/mV=(Ki)/n= 7.50E-‐08 cm/sec= 7.50E-‐10 m/secD=0.1*X=0.1*400= 40 m2/secCo= 9.6ppb =0.0096ppm 9.60E-‐03 mg/kg
X(m) time(sec)=X/V Erfc1524 2.03E+12 5.55E-‐08
C(400m, 2.03E+12) = 0.0096/2*5.55e-‐8C(400m, 2.03E+12) = 2.66E-‐10 ppm
𝐶(𝑥, 𝑡) = ()*(Erfc(X-‐Vt)/(2√Dt))
Assignment 2
• 𝐼 = !.!!.!!.!!!! .!!
• I = Intake by Ingestion (mg/kg.day)• C = Chemical concentration (mg/L)• CR = Ingestion rate (L/day) • BW = Body weight (70 kg for adult) • AT = Average time (day)• EF = Exposure duration (days/year)• ED = average time (years)
PCB’s cause carcinogenic & no carcinogenic effects
Assignment 2
• Immune system, • Reproductive system• Nervous system• Endocrine system
Assignment 2
Off site concentration -‐Residents
CDI(mg/Kg/day) Cancer HI =CDI*(SF=2)
Media [PCB's] ppm =mg/l Intake Adult Intake Child Adult Child
Resident wells Non Detect 0 0 0 0
Surface water 0.006 1.71E-‐04 1.14E-‐05 3.43E-‐04 2.29E-‐05
Spring Water Surface 0.005 1.43E-‐04 9.52E-‐06 2.86E-‐04 1.90E-‐05
Total HI adult off site= 6.29E-‐04
Total HI child off site= 4.19E-‐05
Assignment 2
On-‐site concentration Workers, Residents
CDI(mg/Kg/day) Cancer HI =CDI*(SF=2)
Media [PCB's] ppm Intake Worker Intake Child Worker Child
Surface Soil 219,000
Groundwater 0.0096 2.74E-‐04 1.83E-‐05 5.49E-‐04 3.66E-‐05
Surface Water 0.0098 2.80E-‐04 1.87E-‐05 5.60E-‐04 3.73E-‐05
Total HI adult on site= 1.11E-‐03
Total HI child on site= 7.39E-‐05
Sampling• Water well surveys• Ground water dye
tracer• Sediments and soil
samples • Air sampling • Fish and Vegetation
sampling
Northwest Spring System, groundwater seepage includes: north spring, south spring and five storm water overflows from the treatment plant
Monitoring
• Westinghouse Spring Treatment NPDES permit on July 1, 1988. This permit requires to sample the spring treatment facility influent and effluent twice a month, and to submit monitoring reports once a month.
• Sediment sampling in Conard's Branch and Richland Creek
• Groundwater monitoring wells• Fish and vegetation samples
Remediation Technologies
• Surface capacitors and stained soil removed• Sediments removed in Conard’s Branch • Capping System• Incineration• Spring treatment facility installed, • Restriction on development on drinking water well
Concentrations of the contaminants after site remediation
Media On-site PCB’s Concentration Surface Soil 219,000 ppm Groundwater 9.6 ppb Surface Water 9.8 ppb Spring Sediments 1,700 ppm Fish 279 ppm
Media Off-site PCB’s Concentration Resident wells No detected Surface water 6 ppb Spring Water Surface 3-7 ppb Sediments 68 ppb Fish 8 ppm Vegetables 1,100 ppm
Risk After RemediationCancer HI =CDI*(SF=2)
Media [PCB's] ppm =mg/l Intake Adult Intake Child Adult ChildResident wells Non Detect 0 0 0 0Surface water 0.006 1.71E-‐04 1.14E-‐05 3.43E-‐04 2.29E-‐05Spring Water Surface 0.005 1.43E-‐04 9.52E-‐06 2.86E-‐04 1.90E-‐05Sediments 0.068 9.71E-‐08 9.07E-‐07 1.94E-‐07 1.81E-‐06
Total HI Adult off site= 6.29E-‐04Total HI Child off site = 4.37E-‐05
CDI(mg/Kg/day) Cancer HI =CDI*(SF=2)Media [PCB's] ppm Intake Worker Intake Child Worker ChildSurface Soil 219,000 3.13E-‐01 2.92 6.26E-‐01 5.84E+00Groundwater 0.0096 2.74E-‐04 1.83E-‐05 5.49E-‐04 3.66E-‐05Surface Water 0.0098 2.80E-‐04 1.87E-‐05 5.60E-‐04 3.73E-‐05Spring Sediments 1,700 2.43E-‐03 2.27E-‐02 4.86E-‐03 4.54E-‐02
Total HI Worker Onsite = 6.32E-‐01Total HI Onsite Child= 5.8854739
Off site concentration -‐ Residents
On-‐site concentration Workers, Residents
CDI(mg/Kg/day)
ProblemsBy-‐pass to the Spring Treatment Facility• Major Storm events• Collection System• Overflows
Improvements• Improvement of the spring water collection system to capture PCB-‐
contaminated groundwater seeps.• Install a new effluent line farther downstream in Conard'sBranch for
discharging water treated by the water treatment plant. this will prevent treated water from being collected by the new spring water collection system.
• Implement a soil and sediment clenaup for in-‐stream sediments, bank soils and floodplain soils in Conard'sBranch.
• Implement institutional controls to prevent residential and commercial development for the 10-‐acre landfill cap and prevent groundwater use on the site.
