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NEED FOR EMERGENCE OF COMMUNITY

LEADERSHIP FOR IMPROVEMENT OF

UNORGANISED SERVICE PROVIDERS

Dr.Ashish Khare1, Dr.R.S.Pandit

2

1 Asst. Prof., Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal

2 Ex professor of Business Management

ABSTRACT

The literature on Marketing of Services is flooded with theoretical concepts, classification, importance,

opportunities, strategies and other relevant material, however, a very little or least attention is given on the

“Need for emergence of community leadership” among such service providers” and Qualitative aspects of

services for common people in the society. Most of the time, we come across the word “Services” in our daily

life, but the qualitative aspects of domestic services depend on the organizational strategies, prevalent laws and

aptitude of leadership in the organization. This paper will explain community leadership and role of government

as a community leader for slum development.

Key Word: Community Leadership, Slum

City dwellers often depend for many routine services on local administration, i.e. Municipal Corporation,

Cooperators, the representatives of people in the Corporation and the administrative setup of the concerned

organization. In its real sense, the services like cleaning of roads, supplying water to the citizens, providing all

routine services to the common public on 24*7 bases are rendered through work force employed in the

municipal corporation.

Conceptually, the Municipal Corporation is seen as Major Service-Provider for all routine services, but

who are real people behind the back of every type of these services? Under what conditions, these real service-

providing personnel live. Do they also enjoy all such services? Many more such questions arise. Most of the

grass-root level personnel face similar hardship, what is often demanded by common citizens and expected from

the Corporation. Such service providing personnel lives under very unhygienic, unsafe and inhuman living

environment. Invariably, such people live in slums or slum like conditions.

The present paper attempts to throw light on all such aspects and attempt to emphasize need for

emergence of leadership to provide quality services by slum-free environment.

Community Leadership is being widely used to describe the key and unique value that councils can bring

to their localities. As the only over-arching locally elected body, councils have a uniquely democratic role

within the locality. In this capacity they are

increasingly being asked to perform a visible Community Leadership role, focusing on bringing partners

together, joining up local services, exercising influence in developing a shared local agenda and high quality

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local services, engaging with citizens and creating a vision for their localities. So firstly we must have a short

idea about the leadership concept.

I. UNDERSTANDING THE COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP CONCEPT

1.1 Leadership

Provides vision, focus, direction, credibility, accountability, guidance, integrity, cooperation, unity. Leadership

also enables a group to organize and accomplish goals.

1.2 Definition of Community

A community is a group of people working, together for a common goal (or interest), with a similar vision to

unite them.

1.3 Definition of community leadership

A person or group of people willing to lead and guide others by defining common goals, listening, and

understanding concerns stepping up to identify solutions and negotiating for the best of community. They lead

by inspiring others to get involved in a caring, compassionate, thoughtful manner resulting in community pride

based on accomplishment.

Community leadership is different from the classical notion of leadership being “about „leaders‟ asking,

persuading and influencing „followers‟ ( Sullivan, 2007; p. 142). Community leadership in turn is usually less

hierarchical (Onyx and Leonard, 2011) and often based on volunteer action (Zanbar and Itzhaky, 2013).

Community leaders are often informal, non-elected, leaders (Bénit-Gbaffou and Katsaura, 2014). Community

leadership is not a tightly defined concept (see for example Sullivan, 2007), but is also defined by the

boundaries of the community within which it operates and community leadership can consist of one individual

or a group of people. Community leadership has been studied in a range of subject areas, for examples in

education (e.g. Bukoski et al., 2015 ; Riley, 2012), health (Trapence et al., 2012), local government (Sullivan,

2007), local politics (Bénit-Gbaffou and Katsaura, 2014) and tourism (Cheuk et al., 2015)1.

1.4 . WHAT IS SLUM?

The word “slum” is often used to describe informal settlements within cities that have inadequate housing and

miserable living conditions. They are often overcrowded, with many people crammed into very small living

spaces.

Slums are not a new phenomenon. They have been a part of the history of almost all cities, particularly during

the phase of urbanization and industrialization. Slums are generally the only type of settlement affordable and

accessible to the poor in cities, where the competition for land and profits is intense. The main reason for slum

proliferation is rapid and non inclusive patterns of urbanization catalyzed by increasing rural migration to urban

areas.

Martiskainen Mari (2016), “The role of community leadership in the development of grassroots innovations ”,

Journal of Environment Innovation and Societal Transitions, Volume 22, March 2017, PP – 77-79

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1.5 According To United Nation Slum Definition: Un- Habitat

Expert group,s generic definition of slum is “A slum is a contigious settlement where the inhabitants are

characterized as having inadequate housing and basic services. A slum is often not recognized and addressed by

the public authorities as an integral or equal part of the city.”

II. REASONS OF INCREASE IN NUMBER OF UNORGANISED SECTOR

The slums are developed at a very fast rate, any larger number in the developing countries rather than in

developed countries. Thus, the argument that slums developed around the industries is not the whole truth. The

increase in number of slums or increase in unorganized sector is a major issue in the world. As here we are

talking about the development of unorganized sector (slum dwellers) with the help of community leadership

schemes, so we must have a short idea about the unorganized sector. Firstly we should know about the reasons

beyond the increase in number of slum dwellers or unorganized sector:

(1) Growth of industrialization

(2) Loss of fertility in land

(3) Disintegration of joint family

III. .OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

Through this study, an effort is made to understand brighter side of slums, by understanding inherent

innovativeness in slum-dwellers, which are able to develop shelter on such unmanned land, where, neither the

government nor the urbane society dream to dwell. The objectives of the present study are formulated to present

the picture of slums as they exist, the problems of the slum-dwellers, the handicapped in planning for healthy

and decent urban life, they attempts so far made in ameliorating the situation and humble suggestions.

The objectives of this study are given below:

1. To trace the genesis of the growth of slums and factors responsible for development of slums.

2. To offer potential and emerging trends which leads an intensive annual program for development of slum

dwellers.

3. To provide background to develop understanding and stimulating factor for community leadership.

4. To study various efforts made by the government and other agencies towards eradication of slums and

rehabilitation of slum dwellers; and

IV. ROLES OF COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP ROLE

(1) To motivate others,

(2) To identify problems associated with slum dwellers.

(3) To find the best solution among the alternatives.

V. CHALLENGES TO COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP AMONG SLUM DWELLERS

(1) Lack of communication because of language and cultural barriers.

(2) Lack of resources like time constraints and space for meetings etc.

(3) Lack of co-operation from public as well as administration.

(4) Lack of active volunteers among slum dwellers.

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VI. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AS A COMMUNITY LEADER FOR SLUM

DEVELOPMENT

6.1 Slum Clearance And Rehabilitation

The Slum Clearance Act, 1973 provides for clearance, as well as rehabilitation, several projects and agencies are

found involved in this task. Although, the M.P. Regulation of use of land Act was passed as early as in 1948, it

was ineffective in the absence of Town and Country Planning.

6.2 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewable Mission (Jnnurm)

It was launched by central government emerged as the pioneering programme in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

In this programme central government contributes 60 per cent, state government contributes 20 per cent and

concerned Municipal Corporation contributes 20 per cent for the improvement of urban infrastructure facilities.

6.3. Role of municipal corporation

The municipal corporation also work with JNNURM for renewal and renovation works including water supply,

sanitation, drainage, solid waste management, construction and repair of water source, construction of link

roads, broadening of existing roads, construction of overpass, building and developing of bus and truck

terminals, environment decontamination, development of play grounds and community halls, arrangement of

biomedical waste management and so on.

6.4 Role of Ngos In Rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers

In a usual urban scenario, migrated laborers generally get job with small or low-profile organizations such as

security agencies, waste collection services, construction worker, petty contractors, domestic worker, etc. Slum

dwellers also find employment as rag pickers, sweepers, construction labors, masons, carpenters, and domestic

helps etc with the help of these NGO’S.

VII. MEASURES NEED TO BE TAKEN BY COMMUNITY LEADERS

(1) To initiate with slum development project by educating them.

(2) Training and facilities to improve their quality of life

(3) Teaching about health awareness and disease protection

(4) To ensure active participation of slum dwellers.

(5) To make the communities self reliant.

(6) To encourage for running nursery schools and sponsorship programs for their children.

VIII. CONCLUSION

At last we can say that at least community leadership programs must be designed to enhance and develop skills

of community leaders so that they can act as catalyst for creating stronger linkages between slum dwellers and

government agencies and help them in problem solving approaches. They can search solutions and resources to

solve the complex problems of them.

IX. BIBLOIOGRAPHY

[1] Abrams, Charles, (1970) Slums. In (ed) Desai, A. R. and S. Devadas Pillai Slums and Urbanization, Popular

Prakashan, Bombay.

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[2] Agarwal, S., A. Satyavada, S. Kaushik, and R. Kumar, (2007) Urbanization, Urban Poverty and Health of the

Urban Poor: Status, Challenges and the Way Forward, Demography India, Vol. 36(1): 121-134.

[3] Agnihotri, Puspa(1994), Poverty Amidst Prosperity: Survey of Slums, New Delhi: M.D Publications Pvt ltd

[4] Kaldate Sudha Kar & Joshi B. L. (1989), Slums and Housing Problem, Printwell Publishers: Jaipur.

[5] Government of India, Ministry of Housing and urban poverty Alleviation (2010), Rajiv Awas Yojana-

Guidelines for slum-free city planning

[6] Gupta and Mitra (2002); “Rural Migrants and labor Segmentation; Micro level Evidence from Delhi

Slums”, Economic and Political weekly, vol (37), no-2.

[7] Mitra, A (1992) “Urban Poverty: a rural spill-over?” Indian Economics Review, vol( 27), 403-419.

[8] Martiskainen Mari (2016), “The role of community leadership in the development of grassroots innovations

”, Journal of Environment Innovation and Societal Transitions, Volume 22, March 2017, PP – 77-79

[9] SCOTT MOORE-“what is community leadership” created by Scott dodds on Jun 15, 2009 .

[10] MANOJ NIKAM-“national slum development-yuvak pratisthan”.

[11] CANDY SHEEHAM “ communityleadership” (session notes), city of garland neighborhood summit,oct

24,2009

[12] PHILIP KIRK AND ANNA MARIE(2004),39(3):doi:10.1093/cdj/bsh

[13] ROSY JOSHI-organizational behavior “LEADERSHIP”

[14] NATIONAL SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (NSDP) introduced in Eighth five year

plan(1996-97) http://muda.nic.in/NSDP.html

[15] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210422416300417