NCSCOS 9.05

Macro Concepts

Reform-the concept of improvement by government action.  

Power-the authority of a government to create and enforce laws over its citizens.

Change-transformation of life over time. 

Leadership-a person who sets an example for others to follow

Innovation-improving and modernizing life to benefit others.

Micro Concepts

Federalism-type of government that unites states under one law.

Business cycle-the different up and down stages of the economy.

Capitalism-economic system that allows private citizens to own the factors of production.

Socialism-economic system that allows the government to control all the factors of production.

After his election as president of the United States in 1932 F.D.R. introduced a plan [legislative Agenda] to return the nation to prosperity called the New Deal.

President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal sought to repair the nation’s economy and image by using the Three Rs:

Relief Recovery Reform

All of F.D.R.’s programs from 1933-1936 were intended to support his New Deal.

Domestic Problems in need of fixing

F.D.R. needed to spend tax money to improve the lives of U.S. citizens.

When there was little money the U.S. had to borrow money in the form of bonds from citizens.

When a government spends more money then it takes in its called deficit spending.

There were also millions of elderly people who had their life savings wiped out by the Great Depression. The Social Security Act was passed in 1935 to provide modest pensions [monetary retirement payments] to people over 65 years of age.

F.D.R.’s Progressivist Legislation Agricultural Adjustment Act-Farmers were encouraged to

destroy their crops or simply not grow their crops to lower the supply thereby raising the market price.

National Industrial Recovery Act-this law relaxed the regulations on businesses that were related to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The N.R.A. [National Recovery Administration] was told to post the Blue Eagle on their windows and doors. The federal government gave incentives to people who bought from companies who cooperated.

National Labor Relations Act [Wagner Act]-this law gave the right to collectively bargain to unions.

Fair Labor Standards Act-this law guaranteed a minimum wages of $.40 an hour, guaranteed overtime pay [time and a half], and most child labor.

S.E.C. Security and Exchange Commission-fed agency created to monitor and prevent banks and brokerage houses from manipulating the stock markets.

C.C.C. Civilian Conservation Corps-fed agency created to provide jobs for men at a $1 per day, gave free room and board to combat the Great Depression.

P.W.A. Public Works Administration- fed agency that trained and hired men to build infrastructure such as roads, schools and bridges throughout the United States [the jobs created were called pick and shovel jobs].

F.D.I.C. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-fed agency created to guarantee the deposits [savings] of each bank account holder up to $100,000.

T.V.A. Tennessee Valley Authority-federally sponsored electric company that produced very low cost electricity for the Southeastern United States. Also provided were construction and service jobs for thousands of American workers.

W.P.A. Works Progress Administration-fed agency that employed unskilled workers who built parks and other public projects. Similar to the P.W.A.

Huey P. Long-a governor and U.S senator from Louisiana from 1928-1935 he was avowed advocate of the poor and disadvantaged. His policies such as the Share Our Wealth program sought to limit the wealth of the richest U.S. citizens with progressive income taxes in order to fund the standard of living for the poorest Americans.

Father Charles Coughlin [speech on Youtube]-was a Detroit area Catholic priest who criticized F.D.R.’s New Deal Programs as not going far enough to help the poor and that the president was too close to Wall Street bankers.

Frances Perkins-the first female member of a president’s cabinet. As Secretary of Labor she championed the central New Deal programs such as the Minimum Wage, Social Security Act and Public Works Administration.

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