M.SC. COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY DURATION OF COURSE : 2 YEARS

ELIGIBILITY : Any Degree with allied mathematics For

Lateral entry degree with PGDCA or

Equivalent one year course from

Recognized university.

COURSE CODE : 324

FIRST YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Computer fundamentals 100 3

2 Network Technologies 100 3

3 Operating System 100 3

4 Object Oriented Programming System 100 3

5 Software Engineering 100 3

Practical 1 Object Oriented Programming System 100 3

SECOND YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Internet and Java Programming 100 3

2 Principles of Compiler Design 100 3

3 Principles of E-Commerce 100 3

4 Dot Net Programming 100 3

5 Web Design 100 3

6 Java and Web Design 200 3

Project Viva-voce 200 -

FIRST YEAR

Paper – 1

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

UNIT I:

Introduction to computers – computer generations – evaluation of computers –

characteristics of computers – types of computers – classification of computers.

UNIT II:

Types of connections, components of computers-types of languages-Number system:

binary, octal, hexa decimal, decimal.

UNIT III:

Bits-bytes & words: 1‟s complement-2‟s complement. Memory Organizations: Types of

memory. Input/output devices.(Keywords, etc) storage devices .

UNIT IV:

Hardware, Software, System software: Types of Software, translators-compilers,

interpreters and assemblers-Operating system: Functions of OS-storage management-I/O

management.

UNIT V:

Application software: Types of programming language-Packages: Data base

management system-spread sheets-word processing-software development steps.

TEXT BOOKS:

1.Computer studies C.S.French Galgotia BOOK, Source.

2.Introduction to computer science- Satish Jain, BPB publications 1990.

3.Pradeep K.Sinha and Priti sinha “Computer fundamentals concepts;

systems and Applications”, BPB Publications, 2003.

4.Fundamentals of computers-V.Rajaram, Prentice Hall publications.

Paper – 2

NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

1. INTRODUCTION

Communication model - Data communications networking - Data transmission concepts

and terminology - Transmission media - Data encoding -Data link control.

2. NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

Protocol architecture - Protocols - OSI - TCP/IP utilities – Error detection and

correction -LAN architecture - Topologies - MAC - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token ring, FDDI,

Wireless LANS - Bridges.

3. NETWORK LAYER

Network layer - Switching concepts - Circuit switching networks - Packet switching -

Routing - Congestion control - X.25 - Internetworking concepts and X.25 architectural models -

IP - Unreliable connectionless delivery - Datagram - Routing IP datagram‟s - ICMP.

4. TRANSPORT LAYER

Transport layer - Reliable delivery service - Congestion control - connection

establishment - Flow control - Transmission control protocol - User datagram protocol.

.

5. ADVANCED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

IP Forwarding Architecture-Overlay Models- MPLS – RVSP – Differentiated Service –

Security protocol – Security and Cryptographic Algorithm- Security protocols Cryptography

Algorithms.

Text Book

William Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, 5th edition, PHI,1997.

References:

1. Larry L.Peterson & Bruce S.Davie, Computer Networks - A systems Approach, 2nd edition,

Harcourt Asia/Morgan Kaufmann, 2000.

2. Communication Network – Fundamental concepts and key Architecture by Leon Garcia and

Widjaja.

Paper – 3

OPERATING SYSTEM

UNIT –I

Introduction - Hardware concepts - Software concepts - Design issues System models -

Load balancing - Client server model - Remote Procedure calls - Process migration.

UNIT-II

Clock synchronization - Mutual exclusion - Election algorithms - Atomic transactions -

Deadlocks - Threads.

UNIT – III

Processor allocation - scheduling - Distributed File System design Implementation-

Trends in distributed file systems.

UNIT-IV

Real time Operating systems: Introduction - Performance measures for Real Time

Systems - Estimating program Run Times. Task Assignment and Scheduling: Introduction -

Classical uniprocessor - Scheduling Algorithms - RM Scheduling Algorithm [only description]

- Preemptive EDF Algorithm[ Only description] - Task Assignment - Mode changes - Fault

Tolerant Scheduling.

UNIT - V

Real time databases : Real Time Vs Gener\11 purp9se Databases – Main, memory

databases - Transaction priorities - Transaction aborts -. Concurrency control issues - Databases

for hard real time systems - Real time communications.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. A.S. Tanenbaum, Modern operating Systems', Prentice Hall of India 1977 (Unit I, II & III ).

2. C.M. Krishna and Kang G. Shin, 'Real - Time Systems‟ , McGraw Hill, 1997. [Unit IV & V).

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Sinha.P. "Distributed Operating System', PHI.

Paper – 4

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING SYSTEM

UNIT I:

Introduction to Object Oriented Programming – Basic concepts – Benefits of OOP,

Object Oriented Languages – Application f OOP.

UNIT II:

C++ : Introduction – Identifiers and keywords – data types – constants – operators –

Type conversion – Variables – Statements – Feature of iostream.h – Manipulators – I/O stream

flags – control statements.

UNIT III:

Functions and program structures – Arrays – Pointers – Structures – Union and Bit

fields.

UNIT IV:

Classes and Objects – Constructors – Destructors – Inline member functions – Static

class members – Friend functions – Dynamic Memory allocations - Inheritance – Overloading.

UNIT V:

Polymorphism – Templates and exception handling – data file operations.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Object Oriented Programming C++, Balagurusamy, T.M.H. (Unit I)

2. Programming with C++, D.Ravichandran, T.M.H.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Programming with C++ , Schaum‟s outline series, T.M.H.

2. Teach yourself C++, Herbert Schildt, T.M.H., 3rd

Edition, 1998.

Paper – 5

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

UNIT – 1 FORMAL SPECIFICATIONS

Models - Specification languages - Abstraction levels - Domain specification

language.

UNIT – II SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT

Frame work - Process attributes - Effort, time and cost measurement - Cost estimation -

Product attributes - Size - Control flow structure - Modularity - Complexity measures -

Technical metrics.

UNIT – III SOFTWARE REUSABILITY

Reuse dimensions - Reuse of intermediate products - Reuse and the Software Life

cycle - Reuse tools and techniques.

UNIT – IV TOOLS

Computer aided software Engineering - Project management tools - Analysis and

design tools - Programming tools - Integration and testing tools.

UNIT – V SOFTWARE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

ISO - SET - Specification - Design - Programming -Testing

References:

1. Hans van Vilet, software Engineering Principles and Practice, John Wiley and Sons Ltd,

2000.

2. Roger Pressman, Software Engineering - A Practitioner Approach, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill,

2000.

3. Normal. E. Fenton, Software Metrics, Chapman and Hall, 1991.

4. J.B.Wordworth, Software Development with Hall, 1991.

5. J.B.Wordworth, Software Development with Z, Addison Wesley, 1992.

SECOND YEAR

Paper – 6

INTERNET AND JAVA PROGRAMMING

UNIT I :

Internet connection concepts – Intranets : Connecting LANs to the internet – E-Mail

concepts – E-Mail security : Reasons to secure the messages, Public key cryptography, Using

cryptography with E-Mail – Online Chatting and Conferencing Concepts – WWW concepts.

UNIT II:

Fundamentals of Object Oriented Programming – Java evolution – Overview of JAVA

Language – constants, variables and Data types- Operators and Expressions – Decision making:

Branching and Looping.

UNIT III:

Classes, Objects and Methods – Arrays, Strings and Vectors – Multiple inheritance.

UNIT IV:

Packages – Multithreaded Programming – Managing Errors and Exceptions.

UNIT V:

Applet programming – Graphics Programming – Managing Input / Output files.

Reference Books

1. D.Norton and H.Schildt, Java2 : the complete reference, TMH 2000.

2. Internet & World wide Web How to program, Deitel & Deitel, Prentice Hall 2000.

3. Java How to program,Deitel & Deitel, Prentice Hall 1999.

4. Core Java Vol.1 and Vol. 2, Gary Cornell and Cay S.Horstmann, Sun Microsystems Press

1999.

5. Active X source Book, Ted Coombs, Jason Coombs and Don Brewer, John Wiley &sons

1996.

Paper – 7

PRINCIPLES OF COMPILER DESIGN

UNIT – I

Introduction to Compilers: Simple one-pass compiler – Lexical Analysis.

UNIT – II

Symbol tables: Incorporating a symbol table – symbol tables – entries – list data

structures for symbol table – Hash tables – scope information – syntax analysis – parsing.

UNIT – III

Syntax – directed translation – Type checking type systems – specifications of simple

type checker.

UNIT – IV

Runtime organization: Source language issues Organizations – Storage allocation

strategies – parameter passing. Intermediate code generation: Intermediate languages –

declarations – assignment statements – Boolean expressions – case statements.

UNIT – V

Code generation: Issues in design of code generator – target machine – run-time storage

management – basic blocks and flow graphs – a simple code generator. Code optimization:

Introduction – principle sources of optimization of basic blocks – loop in flow graphs.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. A.S. Aho. R. Sethi and J.D. Ullman, compilers – Principles, Techniques and tools,

Addition Wesley Publishing Company, 1986.

Reference:

1. Allen L. Holub, „Compiler Design in C‟, Prentice Hall of India, 1993.

Paper – 8

PRINCIPLES OF E-COMMERCE

1. INTRODUCTION

Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce - Networks - Packet switched networks -

TCP/IP internet protocol - Domain name services - Web service protocol - Internet applications

- Intranets and Extranets - Virtual private network - Strategies for e-commerce - Organizational

and business barriers.

2. E-COMMERCE ARCHITECTURE

Electronic commerce models - Shopping cart technology - E-commerce solutions using

IIS architecture - Domain model - Site server application - Intelligent agents - Internet

marketing - XML and E-Commerce - Development of B2B and B2C web sites.

3. ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM

Real World Payment System - Electronic funds transfer - Digital payment - Internet

Payment System - Micro payments - Credit Card transactions - Case studies.

4. SECURITY

Threats to Network security - Public key cryptography - Secured sockets layer - Secure

electronic transactions - Network security solutions - Firewalls.

5. INTER/INTRA ORGANIZATIONAL ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

EDI-EDI application in business legal, Security and Privacy issues - EDI and Electronic

commerce - Standards - Internet commerce - Workflow automation and coordination -

Customization and Internet commerce - Supply chain management - Back-End integration.

References:

1. Ravi Kalakota and Andrew B.Whinston, "Frontiers of Electronic Commerce", Addison

Wesley, 1996.

2. Pete Loshin, Paul A. Murphy, "Electronic Commerce , II Edition", Jaico Publishers, 1996.

3. David Whiteley, "Electronic Commerce: Strategy, Technologies and Applications" –

McGraw Hill, 2000.

Paper – 9

DOTNET PROGRAMMING

UNIT – I

Introduction - .NET objects .NET Name Spaces – Assemblies – Object Oriented

Programming features – Inheritance – Object Constructors - .NET Memory Management –

Interoperation with COM – Transactions in .NET – Structured Exception Handling – Code

Access Security.

UNIT – II

ASP.NET – Writing a simple ASP.NET page – More on Web Controls – Managing and

Configuring Web Application Projects: The Web. config file – ASP.NET State Management –

Security in ASP.NET – Authentication – Authorization – Identity – Process management.

UNIT – III

.NET Web Services – Writing an XML Web Service – The WSDL file – Writing XML

Service Clients – XML Web Service support in Visual Studio.NET – Windows Forms – DATA

access in .NET.

UNIT – IV

Handling XML – Simplest example: Basic Serialization – Controlling Serialization –

XML schemas and serialization.

UNIT – V

.NET Remoting - Simplest example – Configuration files – Activation types - Lifetime

management - Hosting and Deployment – Security – Performance - .NET Reflection – Object

Creation and Method Invocation.

Text Book:

1. David S. Platt, Introducing Microsoft .NET, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi – 1

Reference:

1. Mac Donald, Matthew, ASP.NET: The Complete Reference, Tata McGraw-Hill, New

Delhi.

2. Dong Seven, ASP.NET: Tips, Tutorials and Code.

3. Erik.T Ray Learning XML.

Paper – 10

WEB DESIGN

UNIT - I

Introduction to internet - Resources of, internet - H/w & S/w requirements of internet -

Internet service -Protocols - Concepts - Internet clients and internet servers.

UNIT – II

Introduction to HTML - Function of HTML in web publishing - Basic structural-

Elements und their usage - Traditional text and formatting - Style. Sheets formatting - Using

tables for organization and layout - Advanced layout and positioning ;with style sheets - forms -

frames and frame sets – Using images with HTML - Merging Multimedia, controls and plug-ins

with HTML - Using the HTML object model and creating dynamic HTML pages manipulating

objects and responding to user interactions - Saving using preferences - Cookies and OPS.

UNIT- III

Scripting basics - Client side image maps - Introducing Java Script – Creating simple

Java scripts - Using Java Scripts for forms - Using Java Scripts with Style sheets. Introduction

to Java programming - JVM - Applet programming - Java Beans - JARS and Sate Computing -

Integrating Java and Java Script.

UNIT –IV

Introduction to CGI and scripting languages for server side- Types of scripting language

- Basis CGI - CGI Application - User Interaction - DB connectivity - Web, indexing specific

technologies for server side programming - Introduction to ASP - Active server objects - Active

server components Database Management with ASP - Java Network Programming - Java

servlets - serialization and RMI - JDBC.

UNIT - V

Emerging and alternate Web Technologies - ActiveX controls for. the WWW XML -

COM - DCOM - CORBA - E-Commerce

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Shelly Powers et al , "Dynamic Web Publishing", Techmedia, 1998.

2. Jamic Jaworski, "Java 1.2 Unleashes", Techmedia, 1998.

3. Robert Niles et al, "CGI by Examples", Que. 1996.

4. Scot Johnson ct 111 , "Using Active Server Pages", Que. 1997.

M.SC. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

DURATION OF COURSE : 2 YEARS

ELIGIBILITY : ANY DEGREE

COURSE CODE : P146

FEES : 19600

S. No. Subject Maximum

Marks

Exam Hours

1 Management Principles 100 3

2 Data structures and algorithm using c,

c++

100 3

3 Software Engineering 100 3

4 Artificial Intellingence and Neural

Network.

100 3

5 Management Information system. 100 3

Second Year

S. No. Subject Maximum

Marks

Exam Hours

6 Internet And Java Programming 100 3

7 Management accounting 100 3

8 Principles of Compiler Design 100 3

9 Business Organization and

Communication.

100 3

10 Communication Networks. 100 3

Paper - 1

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

UNIT I

Basics of Management:

Definition of Management - Evolution of Management thought – Early & Modern

Approaches - Management Vs. Administration – Management Science or Art.- Managers vs.

Entrepreneurs-Managers vs. Leaders.

UNIT II

Planning:

Nature and Importance- steps in planning- types of plans- Planning premises – Objective-

Characteristics and Hierarchy of objectives- Management by objectives- Management by

Exception.

UNIT III

Organizing:

Nature of organizing- formal and informal organization-structure and process of

organizing- authority and responsibility- Delegation of authority- Departmentation and its basis -

Decision making-Styles of Decision Making.

UNIT IV

Staffing and Directing:

Staffing- purpose of staffing- recruitment and selection- training and development-

performance appraisal- principles of direction- elements of direction- span of supervision-

Motivation- Leadership – Communication.

UNIT V

Controlling:

Concept of Managerial Control - Nature of control - Needs for control - Significance and

limitations of control - Types of control - Control process – Control techniques: Traditional and

Modern Techniques.

Text Books:

1. Tripathi and Reedy “ Principles of Management” TMH Edition II, 1994.

2. Hereld Koontz and Heinz weihrich “Essentials of Management” McGraw Hill Publishing

House, Singapore International Edition, 1990

Reference:

1. L.M. Prasad, “Principles and Practice of Management” Sultan chand and sons Publishers

2. Joseph. L. Massie “Essentials of Management” Prentice Hall, 1985.

3. Stephen P Robbins and David A Decenzo “Fundamentals of Management” , Pearson

Education, Third Edition, 2000.

4. C.B.Gupta - Management: Theory and Practice, Sultan chand and sons Publishers

Paper - 2

DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS USING C AND C++

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION

Introduction - Linear Data Structure - Arrays - Lists - Stacks - Queues - Linked Lists –

Implementation - Applications.

UNIT II

TREES

Trees - General and binary trees – Representation - Traversals – Threaded Binary Trees -

Search trees - Balanced trees.

UNIT III

SORTING

Sorting - Insertion sort - Quick sort - Merge sort – Iterative Merge Sort – Recursive

Merge Sort - Simple Merge Sort - Heap sort - Sorting on several keys - External sorting.

UNIT IV

GRAPHS

Graphs Representation - Traversal - Topological tables and files - Sorting - Applications -

Representation - Marking techniques - Files - Sequential - Index sequential - Random access

organization - Implementation.

UNIT V

ALGORITHM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Algorithms - Time and Space complexity - Sorting - Design techniques - Knapsack -

Traveling salesman – Dynamic Programming – Greedy Algorithm – String Matching Algorithm.

Text Book

1. Jean Paul Tremblay, Paul G.Sorenson, “An Introduction to data structures with

Application”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1995.

2. “Computer Algorithms and Introduction to Design and Analysis”, - Sara Base, Allen ran

Gelda 2000 Pearson

References

1. Kruse R.L., Leung BP.Tondo C.L, “Data structures and program design in C”, PHI, 1995.

2. Ellis Horowitz, Sahni & Dinesh Mehta, “Fundamental of data structures in C++”, Galgotia, 1999.

3. Tanenbaum A.S, Langram Y., Augestein M.J,”Data structures using C”, PHI, 1992

4. Horowitz, Sahni, S.Rajasekaran, “Computer Algorithms”, Galgotia, 2000.

Paper - 3

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

UNIT I

FORMAL SPECIFICATIONS

Models - Specification languages - Abstraction levels - Domain specification language.

UNIT II

SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT

Frame work - Process attributes - Effort, time and cost measurement - Cost estimation -

Product attributes - Size - Control flow structure - Modularity - Complexity measures - Technical

metrics.

UNIT III

SOFTWARE REUSABILITY

Reuse dimensions - Reuse of intermediate products - Reuse and the Software Life cycle -

Reuse tools and techniques.

UNIT IV

TOOLS

Computer aided software Engineering - Project management tools - Analysis and design

tools - Programming tools - Integration and testing tools.

UNIT V

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

ISO - SET - Specification - Design - Programming -Testing

References:

1. Hans van Vilet, software Engineering Principles and Practice, John Wiley and Sons Ltd,

2000.

2. Roger Pressman, Software Engineering - A Practitioner Approach, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill,

2000.

3. Normal. E. Fenton, Software Metrics, Chapman and Hall, 1991.

4. J.B.Wordworth, Software Development with Hall, 1991.

5. J.B.Wordworth, Software Development with Z, Addison Wesley, 1992.

Paper – 4

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEURAL NETWORK

UNIT – I

Introduction – Problems, problem spaces and search – Heuristic search Techniques.

Knowledge representation issues – Representing Knowledge using Rules – Symbolic Reasoning

under uncertainty.

UNIT – II

Statistical Reasoning – Weak and Strong Slot – Filler structures – Game playing –

Planning. Understanding – Natural Language Processing – Parallel and Distributed AL.

UNIT – III

Introduction – background – Knowledge based information processing – neural – neural

information Processing – Hybrid intelligence – basic neuron model – network properties – node

properties – system dynamics – inference and learning – classification model – association

model – optimization model – self organizing models.

UNIT – IV

Learning – definition – supervised & unsupervised learning – statistical learning – neural

network learning – back propagation – generalization – radial basis function – reinforcement

learning – temporal difference – ART – Genetic algorithms – complex domains – expert systems

heuristics – Hierarchical model – hybrid model – differentiation model – control networks.

UNIT – V

Knowledge based neural networks – rule based neural networks – network training –

network revision – examples of theory revision – decision tree based neural networks –

constrained based neural networks. Incremental learning – Fundamental principle – neural

network approaches – probabilistic neural networks – Polynomial adalines – cascade correlation

learning – Incremental RBCN.

Text Books

1. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, „Aritificial Intelligence‟, TMH, 1998. (Unit I & II)

2. Limin fu, „Neural networks in Computer Intelligence‟, Mc Graw Hill, 1994, International

Edition. (Unit III, IV and V)

Reference:

1. Dan. W. Patterson, „Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems‟, PHL,

1998.

Paper – 5

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

UNIT I

Introduction:

Understanding Information Systems – The Changing face of Business Environment –

Emerging trends in Information Technology – Managing E-Transformation – Evolution of

Business process, organizational structure, and IT Architecture.

UNIT II

Information Systems For Decision Making:

Information systems – Types of Information systems – Transaction processing Systems –

Management Information Systems – Intelligent support systems – Office Automation Systems –

Categories of MIS – MIS and organization structure – characteristics of MIS – Classification of

MIS – MIS and Levels of Management – Implementation of MIS.

UNIT III

Functional Management Systems:

Marketing Information systems – Finance Information systems – Accounting Information

system – Personnel Information Systems – Production Information Systems – Inter relationship

of functional management Information Systems.

UNIT IV

Enterprise Information Systems:

Introduction – Evolution of Enterprise Information Systems – ERP- The Enterprise

solutions – ERP market – Introduction to E-business , E-CRM Systems – Sales force Automation

– Customer service and support Automation – Enterprise marketing automation (EMA) –

Comparative Analysis of E-CRM software vendors and products – Evaluating an E-CRM

product.

UNIT V

Information System for Business effectiveness:

The Role of CIO-Challenges of a CIO – The Impact of Information Systems on

organizational performance – Importance of Evaluating the Impact of Information Systems on

Business effectiveness – Business Effectiveness as a Function of cost, value, performance, and

competitive positioning- valuation process of Information systems Applications.

Text Book:

1. Mahadeo Jaiswal, Monika Mital, Management Information systems – Oxford University

Press, New Delhi.

2. Kenneth C.Laudon and Jane Price Laudon, Management Information Systems-Managing the

Digital firm, Pearson Education, Asia-2002.

3. James AO'Brein. Management Information Systems. Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi-1999.

Reference:

1. Gordon B.Davis, Management Information System: Conceptual Foundations, Structure and

Development, McGraw Hill, 1974.

2. Joyce J Elam, Case series for Management Information Systems, Simon and Schuster

Custom Publishing-1996.

3. Steven Alter Information Systems-A Management Perspective-Addison-Wesley 1999.

4. Turban, Mc.Lean and Wether be. Information Technology for Management-Making

connections for strategic

YEAR – II

Paper – 1 INTERNET AND JAVA PROGRAMMING

UNIT I :

Internet connection concepts – Intranets : Connecting LANs to the internet – E-Mail

concepts – E-Mail security : Reasons to secure the messages, Public key cryptography, Using

cryptography with E-Mail – Online Chatting and Conferencing Concepts – WWW concepts.

UNIT II:

Fundamentals of Object Oriented Programming – Java evolution – Overview of JAVA

Language – constants, variables and Data types- Operators and Expressions – Decision making:

Branching and Looping.

UNIT III:

Classes, Objects and Methods – Arrays, Strings and Vectors – Multiple inheritance.

UNIT IV:

Packages – Multithreaded Programming – Managing Errors and Exceptions.

UNIT V:

Applet programming – Graphics Programming – Managing Input / Output files.

Reference Books

1. D.Norton and H.Schildt, Java2 : the complete reference, TMH 2000.

2. Internet & World wide Web How to program, Deitel & Deitel, Prentice Hall 2000.

3. Java How to program,Deitel & Deitel, Prentice Hall 1999.

4. Core Java Vol.1 and Vol. 2, Gary Cornell and Cay S.Horstmann, Sun Microsystems Press

1999.

5. Active X source Book, Ted Coombs, Jason Coombs and Don Brewer, John Wiley &sons

1996.

Paper - 2

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

UNIT I

Basic Accounting Model:

Accounting - Definition, concepts, conventions, and classification of Accounting

financial accounting- distinction between capital and revenue items – basic records –

construction of financial statement – depreciation accounting.

UNIT II

Cost Accounting:

Cost Accounting – elements of cost, preparation of cost sheet – Job costing – process

costing – pricing of material issues – FIFO, LIFO, Simple average, weighted average – Basic

stock with FIFO and LIFO.

UNIT III

Cost volume profit analysis :

Marginal costing – Application of Marginal costing – advantages and disadvantages,

Relevant cost in decision making, cost volume profit analysis and break even analysis.

UNIT IV

Management Accounting and Budgets & Budgetary Control:

Management Accounting – Definition -Budgets, flexible budgets, control of programme

expenses profit Budgeting and analysis, Zero base budgeting.

UNIT V

Standard costing and Variance Analysis:

Historical and combination cost systems, differential cost and Direct costing, variance analysis

and evaluation of divisional performance

Text Books:

1. S.N.Mageshwari, “Principles of Management Accounting and Analysis” Sultan &

Chands, New Delhi.Ed.2003.

References:

1. R.S.N.Pillai and Bagavathi-Management Accounting.S.Chand & Co.Ltd., New

Delhi(2002 edition)

2. R.Narayanaswamy-Financial Accounting-A Managerial Perspective-1997.Prentice Hall

India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Bhattacharya S/K.John Dearden Accounting for Management Text and cases (2000

edition)-Vikas publishing House. New Delhi.

4. Charles T.Horngren Introduction to Management accounting (2001 edition) Prentice

Hall. New Delhi.

5. M.Y.Khan & P.K.Jain-Management Accounting Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company

Ltd.

6. M.A.Sahaf-Management Accounting (Principles&Practice): 2000 edition Vikas

Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.

Paper – 3 PRINCIPLES OF COMPILER DESIGN

UNIT – I

Introduction to Compilers: Simple one-pass compiler – Lexical Analysis.

UNIT – II

Symbol tables: Incorporating a symbol table – symbol tables – entries – list data

structures for symbol table – Hash tables – scope information – syntax analysis – parsing.

UNIT – III

Syntax – directed translation – Type checking type systems – specifications of simple

type checker.

UNIT – IV

Runtime organization: Source language issues Organizations – Storage allocation

strategies – parameter passing. Intermediate code generation: Intermediate languages –

declarations – assignment statements – Boolean expressions – case statements.

UNIT – V

Code generation: Issues in design of code generator – target machine – run-time storage

management – basic blocks and flow graphs – a simple code generator. Code optimization:

Introduction – principle sources of optimization of basic blocks – loop in flow graphs.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. A.S. Aho. R. Sethi and J.D. Ullman, compilers – Principles, Techniques and tools,

Addition Wesley Publishing Company, 1986.

Reference:

1. Allen L. Holub, „Compiler Design in C‟, Prentice Hall of India, 1993.

Paper – 4 BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNICATION

UNIT – I

Introduction – Meaning and Definition of Business – Characteristics of Business – Scope

of Business – Business Systems – Objectives of Modern Business – Meaning of Definition of

Organization – Essentials of a Successful Business – Qualities of a Successful Businessman –

Development of Growth of Various Forms of Business Organization – Business Ethics.

UNIT – II

Non-corporate Enterprises – Sole Proprietorship Concern – Partnership Firms – Joint

Hindu Family firm. Forms of Corporate Enterprises – Joint Stock Companies – Co-operative

Institutions.

UNIT – III

Introduction – Meaning of the Terms Plant, Firm and Industry – Measures of Size –

Large-scale Units – Reasons for the Survival of Small-scale Undertakings. Introduction –

Location and Site – Ideal Location – Circumstances under which the Problems of Plant Location

may arise – Factors Influencing Location – Localization of Industries – Decentralization of

Industries. Factors Influencing the Selection of Site – Classification of Sites – Conclusion.

UNIT – IV

Introduction – General Objectives of Communication – Definition of Communication –

Communication – Importance of Communication – Types of Communication employed by

Business Organizations. Importance of effective communication – Miscommunication –

Barriers to Communication – Physical/Environment Barriers.

UNIT – V

Enquiry – What is an enquiry letter – Different kinds of enquiry letters – Unsolicited

enquiry – Solicited enquiry – Enquiries asking for a favor – Important features of an enquiry

letter – Illustration of different kinds of Enquiry letters? – Offer – Meaning – Similarities and

Dissimilarities between an offer and quotation – Kinds of offer – Essential Features of an offer –

Method of drafting an offer letter.

Reference:

1.Business Organization and Communication – By C.P. Gupta.

Paper – 5 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

1. INTRODUCTION

Communication model - Data communications networking - Data transmission concepts and

terminology - Transmission media - Data encoding -Data link control.

2. NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

Protocol architecture - Protocols - OSI - TCP/IP utilities – Error detection and correction

-LAN architecture - Topologies - MAC - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token ring, FDDI, Wireless

LANS - Bridges.

3. NETWORK LAYER

Network layer - Switching concepts - Circuit switching networks - Packet switching -

Routing - Congestion control - X.25 - Internetworking concepts and X.25 architectural models -

IP - Unreliable connectionless delivery - Datagram - Routing IP datagram‟s - ICMP.

4. TRANSPORT LAYER

Transport layer - Reliable delivery service - Congestion control - connection

establishment - Flow control - Transmission control protocol - User datagram protocol.

.5. ADVANCED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

IP Forwarding Architecture-Overlay Models- MPLS – RVSP – Differentiated Service –

Security protocol – Security and Cryptographic Algorithm- Security protocols Cryptography

Algorithms.

Text Book

William Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, 5th edition, PHI,1997.

References:

1. Larry L.Peterson & Bruce S.Davie, Computer Networks - A systems Approach, 2nd edition,

Harcourt Asia/Morgan Kaufmann, 2000.

2. Communication Network – Fundamental concepts and key Architecture by Leon Garcia and

Widjaja.

M.SC. VISUAL COMMUNICATION

DURATION OF COURSE : 2 YEARS

ELIGIBILITY : ANY DEGREE

COURSE CODE : 326

FIRST YEAR

S. No. Subject Maximum

Marks

Exam Hours

1 Computer Networks 100 3

2 Software Engineering 100 3

3 Elements of Visual Advertising 100 3

4 Multimedia for Visual Communication 100 3

5 Relational Data Base Management

System

100 3

SECOND YEAR

S. No. Subject Maximum

Marks

Exam Hours

6 Dot Net Programming 100 3

7 Principles of E-Commerce 100 3

8 Principles of Complier Design 100 3

9 Internet and Java Programming 100 3

10 Web Design 100 3

FIRST YEAR

Paper-1

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

UNIT – 1

FORMAL SPECIFICATIONS

Models - Specification languages - Abstraction levels - Domain specification

language.

UNIT – II

SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT

Frame work - Process attributes - Effort, time and cost measurement - Cost

estimation - Product attributes - Size - Control flow structure - Modularity - Complexity

measures - Technical metrics.

UNIT – III

SOFTWARE REUSABILITY

Reuse dimensions - Reuse of intermediate products - Reuse and the Software Life

cycle - Reuse tools and techniques.

UNIT – IV

TOOLS

Computer aided software Engineering - Project management tools - Analysis and

design tools - Programming tools - Integration and testing tools.

UNIT – V

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

ISO - SET - Specification - Design - Programming -Testing

References:

1. Hans van Vilet, software Engineering Principles and Practice, John Wiley and Sons

Ltd, 2000.

2. Roger Pressman, Software Engineering - A Practitioner Approach, 5th Edition,

McGraw Hill, 2000.

3. Normal. E. Fenton, Software Metrics, Chapman and Hall, 1991.

4. J.B.Wordworth, Software Development with Hall, 1991.

5. J.B.Wordworth, Software Development with Z, Addison Wesley, 1992.

M.SC INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

FIRST YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Analog and Digital IC’s & Application 100 3

2 Power Electronics 100 3

3 Data Communication System 100 3

4 Micro Processor and its Applications 100 3

5 Control Systems 100 3

Practical 1 General Electronics 100 3

Practical 2 Advanced Electronics 100 3

SECOND YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Fiber Options and their applications 100 3

2 PC hardware Maintenance and trouble

shooting 100 3

3 Modern Communication System 100 3

4 VLSI Ship Design & embedded System

Software 100 3

5 Microcontrollers and its Applications 100 3

Practical III 100 3

Practical IV 100 3

Project Work & Viva-voce 200 -

FIRST YEAR

PAPER – 1

ANALOG AND DIGITAL IC’S AND APPLICATION

UNIT – I

Integrated circuit fabrication: Introduction & fundamentals of Monolithic IC

technology – Basic planar processes – Fabrication of a circuit – Active & passive omponents

& ICs – diodes – resistors – capacitors – Monolithic transistors – Fabrication of FET, Thin &

Thick film technology.

UNIT – II

Digital IC families: RTL, DTL, (Modified Integrated Circuit) – HTL, TTL, ECL,

Logic families – characteristics – I2l (TSL). CMOS logic – CMOS device driving TLL

circuits, TTL device driving CMOS Gates.

UNIT – III

Operational Amplifier: Operational amplifier – Ideal operational amplifier –

operational amplifier parameters – inverting – Non – inverting amplifier – applications –

subtraction – Integration – Differentiation amplifier – Instrumentation amplifier.

UNIT – IV

Non linear & Analog system: Comparator – sample & hold circuit, log and antilog

amplifiers, AC amplifier, V to I and I to V converter- regenerative comparator (Schmitt

triggers) Astable multivibrator - Monostable – Triangular wave generator – sine wave

generator.

UNIT – V

PLL and Timers: basic principles – phase detector comparator voltage controlled

oscillator – phase lock loop – PLL applications – frequency multiplication / division –

frequency translation 555 timer – Astable -Monostable, 8038 function generator.

Reference Books

1. Integrated Circuits – Botkar K.R - Khanna Publishers, New Delhi (Unit I).

2. Linear Integrated circuits - D. Roy chouchury Sahil Jain – (Unit II, III, IV, V)

3. Op-amps & Linear integrated Circuits – Ramakant, A. Gayakwood- PHI

PAPER – 2

POWER ELECTRONICS

UNIT I

SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, UJT, characteristics and applications – Triggering Circuits.

UNIT II

DC machines – component parts – methods of excitation, various types of motors and

their characteristics. AC machines – Induction motor torque – slip characteristics –

synchronous motor.

Controlled rectifiers: Introduction – principles of phase controlled converters – single

– phase semi converters – single – phase full converters – single – phase dual converters –

single phase series converters.

UNIT III

Chopper (quantitative slides only) relays – characteristics – circuits using SCR and

photo electric devices. Inverter and power supplies: introduction – principles of operation –

single phase bridge inverter.

UNIT IV

DC chopper introduction – principles of step down operation – step up operations

switching mode regulators type A, Type B, Type C.

UNIT V

Trigger circuits used with SCR, self and external commutation of SCR Series and

parallel operations, controlled rectifiers and inverters, UPS and SMPS. Motor control

circuits.

Text Books

1. Rashid M.A “Power Electronics: Circuits devices and Application” IInd

Edition PHI New Delhi – 1996.

2. Introduction to Thyristors and its application Ramamoorthy

Reference Books

1. Timothy J. Maloni: Industrial Solid state electronic devices and circuits IInd

Edition. 1986.

2. Ramamoorthy M An introduction to Thyristor and their application East west

press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1977.

3. Jaganathan – Introduction to power Electronics PHI

Asghar – Power Electronics – PHI

PAPER – 3

DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

UNIT I: Introduction : Data Transfer Modes: Synchronous and Asynchronous, Speed

Matching Concept, Multiplexers, Statistical Multiplexer- Modems.

UNIT II: Network Structure, topology and Applications : Services and Standardization,

ISO Reference Model for Open System Interconnection. Functions and Design Issues of the

OSI Layers.

UNIT III:

Transmission and Protocols: Elementary Data Link Protocols, Sliding Window Protocols

Pipelining of Data Frames, Protocol Performance, Specification and Verification, outing

Algorithms and Congestion Control.

Unit IV:

OSI and Internetworking : Bridges and Gateways, Multiple Access Networks, Remote

Procedure Calls, connection Management, TCP/IP ATM Networks, Electronic Mail , ISDN,

Satellite, Fiber optic and Packet Radio Networks.

UNIT V:

Local and Metropolitan Area Networks : Bus and ring Architectures, CSMA/CD,

Slotted Ring and token Passing LAN Protocols, IEEE 802 standardization in OSI mode:

IEEE 802.2, 802.3, 802.4 and 802.5 standards.

Text Books:

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communication and Networking”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill,

2004

2. Pallapa Venkataram and S.S.Manvi, “ Communication Protocol Engineering”, PHI,

2004.

Reference Books:

1. William Stallings, “High Speed Networks”, PHI 1998.

2. A.S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”.

PAPER – 4

MICROPROCESSOR AND ITS APPLICATION

UNIT – I

Microcomputer system and hardware: Introduction to microcomputer –

microprocessor and assembly language – Microprocessor architecture and microcomputer

system – 8085 based microcomputer systems – instruction timings.

UNIT – II

Introduction to basic instruction and programming techniques: Data transfer (copy)

instruction – arithmetic operations – logic operations – branch operation – writing assembly

language programs .

UNIT – III

Advanced technique in programming: Counters and time delays – illustrative example

– Hexa decimal counter – illustrative program – Zero to nine (MOD 10) counter delay

programs – stack – subroutine – conditional call and return instruction – advanced subroutine

concepts.

UNIT – IV

Data structure and software development: BCD to binary conversion – binary to BCD

conversion – BCD to seven segment LED code conversion – binary to ASCII to binary code

conversion – BCD addition – BCD subtraction.

UNIT – V

Interrupts: The 8085 interrupt – Software & Hardware interrupts – additional I/O

concepts and processes.

Text Books

1. Ramesh S Gaonakar “Microprocessor Architecture Programming and Application

with 8085/8080A” Iind Edition - Pentram Publications

Reference

1. Introduction to Microprocessor – A.P. Mathur - TMH

Paper – 5

CONTROL SYSTEM

UNIT – I : Mathematical Models of Control System

Introduction – Examples – Mathematical Models – Mechanical translation system –

Mechanical rotation system – Electrical system – Transfer function of Armature controlled

DC motor – Transfer function of field controlled DC motor – Electrical, Analogous of

mechanical translation system.

UNIT – II

Block diagram – Block diagram reduction – Introduction of signal flow graph –

Thermal system – Hydraulic system.

UNIT – III

Pneumatic system – Components of control system – potentiometer – synchros –

controllers.

UNIT – IV

Introduction of servomotor – DC servomotors – Electromagnetic field motors –

Construction and working of AC servo motors – stepper motors – Tacho generators – Types

– Vibrator as a modulator.

UNIT – V

Introduction to time response – Test signals – order of a system – second order

system – Time domain specifications. Introduction to frequency domain specifications –

correlation between time and frequency domain.

Text :

1. Control System – A. Nagoor Kani – RBA Publication-(First Edition).

PRACTICAL-I

GENERAL ELECTRONICS

1. Construction of regulators

2. Clipping and clamping circuits

3. CE amplifier design

4. CS FET amplifiers design

5. Feedback amplifier design

6. Colpitts oscillators

7. Hartley oscillator

8. Wien bridge oscillators

9. Phase shift oscillators

10. Multivibrators

11. Crystal oscillators

12. Power amplifiers

13. Instrumentation amplifier.

PRACTICAL-II

ADVANCED ELECTRONICS

1. Addition, Subtraction, 8 bit and 16 bit

2. Multiplication, Division, 8 bit and 16 bit

3. Square and Square root of the given number.

4. Finding Maximum / Minimum numbers in an array

5. Ascending / Descending of array

6. Number of Zero, Positive, and Negative number of array.

7. ADC

8. DAC

9. Stepper motor control

10. Traffic light control

11. Speed control of DC motor

12. Rolling and flashing display

13. Digital Clock

SECOND SEMESTER

PAPER – 6

FIBER OPTICS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

UNIT I: Introduction

Optical fibers : Structures and wave guiding fundamentals – basic optical laws and

definitions – optical fiber modes and configurations – mode theory for circular wave guides

– graded index fiber structure – fiber materials and fabrication methods.

UNIT II : Optical sources and detectors

Optical Sources – light emitting diodes – laser diodes – modes of threshold condition –

light source linearity model and reflection noise – modulation and temperature effect-

reliability consideration photo detectors – principles of photo – diodes – photo detectors –

noise – response time – avalanche multiplication noise – temperature effects o avalanche

gain.

UNIT III : Receivers and measurements

Fundamental receiver operation – digital receivers – performance calculations – pre

amplifier design – analog receivers Attenuation measurements – fiber fault location .

UNIT IV : Advanced systems and techniques

Wavelength division multiplexing – optical fiber bus – ring topology – star

architecture – fail safe fiber optic nodes – optical amplifiers – types – gain noise figure –

application – optical bandwidth – photonic switching – integrated optical switch.

UNIT V : Applications and future developments

Public network operation – trunk network – junction network – local access network –

submerged systems – synchronous network – military.

Text Books:

1. A. Selvarajan, S. Kar, and T.Srinivas, “Fibre Optic Communications”, Tata Mc-Graw

Hill, 2002

2. Gerd Keiser, “Optic Fibre Communications”, Mc-Graw Hill, 1984.

Reference Books:

1. N.Sharma, “Fibre Optics in Telecommunications”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.

2. D.C.Agarwal, “Fibre Optic Communications”, Wheeler Publishing, 1993.

PAPER – 7

PC HARDWARE MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLE SHOOTING

UNIT - I

PC hardware overview – introduction – hardware BIOS – Dos interaction – PC

family – PC hardware – product engineering – interconnection between the boxes – inside

the system box – mother board logic – DMA channels – peripheral interface and controllers –

keyboard interface – parallel/serial interface and controllers – key board interface –

parallel/serial interface – CRT display controller – floppy disk controller – hard disk –

controller – hard disk card.

UNIT - II

IBM PC operation : Introduction – chip location scheme – CPU – special support

chips – memory design – bus structure – GPIB – PCI bus – monochrome video adapter –

color graphic adapter – disc drive and its controller card- key board operation,

UNIT - III

Installation and troubleshooting : Introduction – pre-installation planning –

installation practice – routine checks – special configuration – memory upgradation – hard

disk up gradation - An introduction to trouble shooting – computer faults – nature of faults –

types of faults – printer problem – monitor problems

UNIT - IV

Interrupts – Driving force – special features of 286, 386, 486 series – extended

memory – virtual memory – expanded memory – basic disk concept – varieties of the disks –

DOS disk overview – physical and logical formatting – structure of DOS disk – hard disk

features and partitions – an overview of video modes – video standards and text mode

UNIT -V

BIOS and DOS – ideas behind the BIOS – how ROM BIOS works – BIOS services –

concept of DOS – installable drivers and flexible facilities – command processing – batch

processing – DOS services – translating the programs need for networks.

Text Books

1. Govindarajulu B. :IBM PC and Clones” Tata Mc Graw Hill Co.,New Delhi 1995

2. Robert C. Brenner “IBM PC Troubleshooting and repaid guide” BPB publishers

3. George W Gorsline “Computer organisation, hardware/software” IInd edition PHI

PAPER – 8

MODERN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

UNIT – I

Amplitude Modulation

Definition of Amplitude modulation – Generation and detection of AM – Generation

and detection SSB / DSB VSB modulation – Frequency division multiplexing – Block

diagram of AM radio transmitter and super heterodyne receiver. SSB – Transmitter and

receiver – Pre-emphasis – de-emphasis.

UNIT – II

Angle Modulation

Definition of Frequency and phase modulation – FM generation and demodulation –

Block diagram of FM radio transmitter and receiver – Narrow band and wide band.

UNIT – III

Pulse Modulation

Sampling theorem – Basic principles of pulse Amplitude modulation – Pulse width

modulation – Pulse position modulation.

UNIT – IV

Pulse Code Modulation and Basics of data Transmission and Reception

Principle of PCM – Quantization and quantization error Delta Modulations –

Adaptive delta modulation – Time division multiplexing in PCM – Coherent reception –

Binary ASK, - FSK – PSK-Comparison of ASK, FSK, PSK.

UNIT – V

Microwave Propagation and Devices

Introduction to antennas – Propagation of Radio waves- Ground wave – sky wave –

Space Wave – Introduction to microwave system – Frequency range – Waveguides

(qualitative analysis only) – cavity resonators – Two cavity Klystron – reflex klystron –

Magnetron – traveling wave tube – gun diode.

Text Book

1. Fundamentals of communication systems – Sanjeeva Gupta.

2. Principles of communication system – Anok Singh.

Reference

1. Electronics communication Systems - Kennedy - TMH

2. Principles of communication systems – Taub and Schiling - TMH

PAPER – 9

VLSI CHIP DESIGN & EMBEDDED SYSTEM SOFTWARE

UNIT I

COMOS logic – circuit and system Prepresentation – MOS devices Design Equations

– The complementary CMOS inverter – DC characteristics – The differential Invertor – The

transmission gate – bipolar devices.

UNIT II

Basic CMOS technology – Layout Design Rules – Resistance Estimation,

Capacitance Estimation – Inductance – Switching characteristics – CMOS gate transistor

sezing – power dissipation.

UNIT III

CMOS logic gate design – Basic Physical Design of simple logic gates – CMOS logic

structures – Clocking strategies – I/O structures – low power design.

UNIT IV

Design strategies – CMOS chip design options – Design methods – The need for

testing – Manufacturing test principles – Design strategies for test – chip level and system

level test techniques.

UNIT V

Design – capture tools – Design verification tools – VHDL- introductions – Language

abstractions.

Reference Books

1. Principle of CMOS VLSI Design Neel H.E. Weste, Eshraghian Addison

Wesley 1999.

2. VHDL for designers SJOHOEM & Lindh, Prentice Hall 1977.

PAPER – 10

MICROCONTROLLERS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

UNIT – I

Introduction to Micro Controllers – Comparing Processor and Micro Controller – A

Micro Controller Survey.

8051 Architecture: 8051 Block Diagram – Register set –Internal and External Memory –

I/O Ports.

UNIT – II

Counters and timers – Serial data I/O Interrupts – Interrupts priority.

UNIT – III

Moving data: Introduction – Addressing modes – External data moves – code

memory read only data moves – push and pop opcods – Data exchanges – Example

programs.

UNIT – IV

Logical operation: Byte and bit level operations – rotate and swap operations

Arithmetic operations: Flags – Incrementing, Decrementing – Addition, Subtraction,

Multiplication, Division Instruction Jump and call instruction.

UNIT – V

8051 Application keyboard interfacing display interfacing – pulse measurement –

D/A and A/D converters.

Text Book

1. The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming and Applications – Kenneth J.

Ayala. Second Edn – Penram Publications.

PRACTICAL-III

ANALOG DESIGN AND COMMUNICATION LAB

1. Inverting amplifier / Non – Inverting amplifier

2. Voltage subtraction

3. D/A Converter using ladder op-amp

4. Voltage integrator / Differentiator

5. Astable, & Monostable vibrator circuits using op-amp

6. Sine Wave generator using op-amp

7. Basic filters using opamp

8. AM modulation and detection

9. FM modulation and detection

10. Voltage controlled oscillator

11. Pulse amplitude modulation

12. Pulse width modulation

13. Pulse position modulation

PRACTICAL – IV

MICROCONTROLLERS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LAB

Using 8051:

1. 8 bit addition, subtraction

2. 8 bit Multiplication and division

3. 16 bit addition, subtraction

4. 16 bit Multiplication and division

5. Stepper motor interfacing

6. ADC

7. DAC

8. 8255 Interface

9. 8279 Interface

10. HEX keyboard interface

11. 8253 interface

12. Traffic light controller

13. DC motor interfacing

Project work & viva voce

M. Sc. MATHS

FIRST YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Algebra I 100 3

2 Real Analysis 100 3

3 Differential Geometry and Differential Equations 100 3

4 Set Topology and Theory of Relativity 100 3

5 Analytical Mechanics and Tensor Analysis 100 3

SECOND YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Algebra II 100 3

2 Complex Analysis 100 3

3 Functional Analysis 100 3

4 Graph Theory 100 3

5 Optimization Techniques 100 3

FIRST YEAR

Paper – 1

ALGEBRA

UNIT – I

Definition of a group – Examples of group – Some Preliminary lemmas – Sub groups – A counting

Principle – Normal Sub groups and quotient groups – Homomarphisms and auto – morphisms.

UNIT – II

Cayleys’s theorm – Permutation grups – Anolnes counting principle and Aylouc’s theorm.

UNIT – III

Definition and examples of ring – Some special classes of rings – Homomarphisms – Ideals and

quotient rings – the field of quotients of an integral domain.

UNIT – IV

Euclidean rings – A particular Euclidean rings – Ploynomial rings – Polynomials over the rational field

and polynomial rings over commutative rings.

UNIT – V

Elementary basic concepts of vector spaces – Lineor Independence and bases Dual spaces – Innter

product spaces and modules.

Text Books :

1. Content and treatment as in the book “ TOPICS IN ALGEBRA” , by I.N. Herstem Vikas Publishing

House (Second Edition), New Delhi. 1975. for units I to IV chapters 2,3 and 4 (except sections 2.13

and 2.14).

Paper – 2

REAL ANALYSIS

UNIT – I

Derivatives : Definition of Derivatives – Derivatives and continuity – Algebra of derivatives – The

chain rule – one sided derivatives and infinite derivatives Fuction wth non Zero derivatives and local extrema –

Roller theorm – The mean value theorm for derivatives – Inter mediate – Value theorm for derivatives and

Taylor’s formula with remainder.

UNIT – II

The Riemann – Stielties Integral :- The definition of Riemann – Stielties integral – Lineor properties –

Integration by parts – Change of variables in a Riemann – Stieltjies integral – Reduction to a Rieman step

function as integrators – Reductin of a Riemann – Stieltjes integral to a finite sum – Euler’s summation formula

– Monotonically increasing integrations – upper and lower integrals – Additive and linear properties of upper

and lower integrals – Rieman’s condition – comparison theorms – Integrators of bounded variation – sufficient

condition – existence of Riemann – Stieltjes integrals and necessary conditions for existence of Riemann –

Stieltjes integral.

UNIT – III

Riemann – Stieltjes Integrals condinued : Meon-value theorms for Riemann – Stieltjes integrals – The

integral as a function of the interval – Second fundamental theorm of integral calculus – change of variable in a

Riemann integral – Second mean – value theorem for Riemann – Integrals – Reman – Stieltjes integrals

depending on a parameter – Differentation under the integral sign and interchanging the order of integration.

UNIT – IV

Infinite products :- Infinite products Test for convergence of product – Absolute convergence –

Rearrangement of factors in a product – Tannerys theorm – Infinite product

For trigonometric functions and hy per bolic functions and Bernoullis numbers.

Lebesque Measure :- Outer measure – Measurable sets and Lebesque measure – A non mesurable set –

Measurable functions and little woods three principles.

UNIT – V

Lebseque Integral :- Lebesque integral of bounded measurable function over a set of finite measure

Integral of a non negative function – General Lebseque Inegral – Derivative of monotonic function – Functions

of bounded variation – Derivation of an integral – Absolute continuity.

Reference Books :

1. Content and Tretment as in the book “Mathematical Analysis” by tom, apascol Narpsa Publishing

House, Madras, 1985. (For units I to III).

2. For Unit -IV : Content and treatment in chapter – 8 (section 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94) of “Advanced

Calculus” by G.A. GIBSON MAC MILLIAN Publishing Company6, New York, 1954 and chapter – 3

(section 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of Real analysis by H.L. Roydess , Mac Millian Publishing Company, New York,

1986.

3. For Unit – V : Content and treatment as in chapter – 4 (section 2, 3, 4 only) and chapter – 5 (1, 2, 3, 4

only) of Real Analysi by H.L. Roydess, Mac Millian Publishing Company, New York, 1986.

Paper – 3

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMERTY AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

UNIT – I

The theory of space curves :- Arc length Tangent – Normal and Binormal – Curvature and Torison of a

curve given as the inter sections of two surfaces – contact between curves and tangent surface – Involutes and

evolutes – Intrinsic equations – fundamental existence theorm for space curves and Helics. Local

intrinsic Propperties of a surface :

UNIT – II

Definition if a surface – curves on a surface – Surface of revolution – Helicoids – Metric– Direction co-efficient

– families of Curves – Iso metric correspondence and Itrinsic properties. Local Intrinsic properties of a surface

continued: Geodesics – Carnonical geodesic ewuations – normal property of geodesics – existence theorms –

Geodesic parallels – Geodesics curvature – Gauss – Bonnet theorems – Gaussian curvature – surface of constant

curvature

UNIT – III

– conformal mapping and geodesic mapping. Differential geometry of surface in the large :- Compact

surfaces whose points are umblics – Hilbert’s lemma – Compact surfaces of constant Gaussian or mean

curvature – complete surfaces – characterization of complete surfaces – Hibert’s theorm (statement only) and

conjucate points on geodesics.

UNIT – IV

The general solution of homogenous equation the use of a known Solution to find another – the method

of variation of parameters – Series Solution of First order equations – Second order linear equations – Ordinary

Points – Regular singular Points and regular singular Points Continued. Legendry Polynomials – Properties of

Legendry Poly nominal. Bessel Functions – The gamma Function and properties of Bessel Functions.

UNIT – V

Origins of First – Order Partial differential equations – linear equations of the First order – Integral Surfaces

Passing through a given curve – Surfaces orthogonal to a given system of surface – Compatible systems of

First order equations and jacobi’s charpits method.

Text Books:

1. For units I and II : Content and treatment as in the chapters 3, 5 and 6 of the book “Differential

equations with applications and historicl notes” by george F Simmons, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

Company, New Delhi.

2. For Units III and V : Content and treatment as in the chapters 2, 3 and 5 of the book. “Elements of

partial differential equations” by I. Sneddon, McGraw Hill International Edition, New Delhi, 1985.

Paper – 4

SET TOPOLOGY AND THEORY OF RELATIVITY

UNIT – I

Sets and functions : Sets and set inclusion, the algebra of sts, functions, product of sets. Artition and

equivalence relations, countable sets, uncountable sets, Partially ordered and sets and lattices.

Metric Paces : Definitions and examples, open sets and closed, sets, convergence complettances and

Baire’s theorem, continuous mappings, space of continuous functions, Euclidian and Unitery spaces.

UNIT – II

Topological spaces : Definition and examples, elementary concepts, open base and open subbase, weak

topologies and the function algebra.

Compactness: Compact spaces product of spaces, Tychonoft’s theorem and locally compact spaces and

compactness for metric spaces, Ascolis theorem.

UNIT – III

Separation arioms : T1 spaces, Hausdorff’s spaces, completely regular spaces and normal spaces,

Urysohn’s lemna, the Tieze extension Theorem. The urysohn’s inbedding theorem, the stonecech

compactification.

UNIT – IV

Theory of Relativity:- Space time transformation – Four dimensional formulation of theory of

Relativvity, Relativity Mechanics, Optives and Electrco-magnetism.

UNIT – V

General transformations in the space – time continuum. Geormetrization of gravitations. – Experiment

tests of Einstein theory of Relativity.

Reference Book :

1. Introduction to Topology and Modern analysis by C.F. Simmons.

2. Contents as in chapters 1 to 8 of theory of Relativity by R.K. Pathria, Hindus Publishing Corporation

(India), New Delhi.

Paper – 5

ANALYTICAL MECHANICS AND TENSOR ANALYSIS

UNIT – I

Methods of dynamics in space. : Motion of practical motion of a system, moving frames of reference

motion of arisid body and impulsive motion. Application of Dynamics in space – Motion of a Practical:

Jacobian elliptic functions, single Pendulum, the spherical pendulum, the motion of a changed. Practical in an

electro magnetic field and the effects on the Earth’s rotation.

UNIT – II

Application of Dynamics in space – motion of a under no forces, the spinning top, gyroscopes and

general motion of a rigid body.

UNIT – III

The equation of Lagrange and Hamilton : Introduction of Lagrange Equation Lagrange’s equation

continued, Hamilton’s equations, action and Hamilton’s principles

The Hamilton – Jelcobi equation and waves of constant action and phase spaces.

UNIT – IV

Tensor Analysis of coordinates – Properties of admissible transformations for co-ordinates –

transformation by invariance – co-variance and contra-variance – The tensor concept – Contra-variance and

covariant tensors and its laws – Algebra of tensors and relative tensors.

SECOND– YEAR

Paper – 6

ALGEBRA-II

UNIT – I

Extension fields, roots of Ploynomials and more about roots.

UNIT – II

Treatments of Galois Theory and Solvability Radicals.

UNIT – III

The algebra of linear transformation, characteristic roots, matrices canonical forms and triangular form.

UNIT – IV

Nil potent transformation and their canonical forms, rational Canticle forms trace and transpose.

UNIT – V

Determinants, Hermit ian, Unitary and Normal Transformation, quadratic forms finite fields and

wedder Burn’s theorem an the finite division rings.

Text Book :

For units I to V content and treatment as in chapters V to VII of the book. “Topics in Algebra” by I.N.

Her stein; Vikas Publishing House (Second edition), New York, 1975.

Paper – 7

COMPLEX ANALYSIS

UNIT – I

Fundamental theorems : Line integrals, rectifiable arcs, line integrals as functions of arcs, Cavhy’s

theorem for a rectangle and cavchy’s theorem for a circular disk.

Cavchy’s integral formula : The index of a point with respect to a closed curve, the integral formula

and higher derivatives.

Local properties of analytic functions : Removable singularities, Taylors thermo , Zeros and Poles, the

local mapping and the maximum principles.

UNIT – II

The general form of Cavchy’s theorem : Chains and cycles, Simple connectivity, exact differentials in

simply connected regions and multiply connected regions.

The calculus of Residues : The residue theorem, the argument principle and the evaluation of definite

integrals.

Harmonic Functions : Definitions and basic properties the mean-value property, poisson’s Formula.

Schwary theorem and the reflection principle.

UNIT – III

Power series expansions : Weierstrass’s theorem, the Taylor Series and the Laurent Series.

Partial Fractio ns and Factorization : Partial Fractions, infinite products and canonical products.

Entire functions : Jensen’s Formula and Hadamard’s theorem.

UNIT – IV

Normal Families : Eqicontinuity, normally and compactness, Arzela’s theorem, families of analytic

functions and the classical definition.

The Riemann Mapping Theorem : Statement and the proof.

A closer look at Harmonic Functions: Functions with the mean value property and Harnack’s Principle.

UNIT – V

Elliptic Function : Simply periodic functions and doubly periodic functions. The periodic module,

Unomidular transformations, the canonical basis and the genral properties of Elliptic functions.

The Weirstrass Theory : The weierstrass – Function, the function ζ (z) and σ (z) and the differential

equation.

Reference Books:

1. For Units I to V content and treatment as in chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 (except sections 5.24, 5.25, 6.12 to

6.14, 6.21 to 6.24, 6.41, 6.42, 6.51 to 6.55, 7.34 and 7.35) of the book, “cpmplex Analysis” by L.V.

Ahlfors, Second Edition, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha limited, New Delhi, 1985.

Paper – 8

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

UNIT – I

Banach spaces – Definition and examples – Holder’s and Minkowski’s inequalities (*) continious

linear transformations – equivalence of various norms in |np. and locally compact normal linear space in finite

separable iff N* is so-conjugate spaces |np an |

n ∞ (*) Natural imbedding of N into N** - Any finite dimensional

normal linear space is reflexive - The open mapping theorem – The closed graph theorem – conjugate of an

operator.

UNIT – II

Hilbert spaces – Some examples – orthogonal complements – Orthonormal results – a Hillert space H

is separable if and only if every Orthonormal set is countable(*) Orthogonal dimension of H(*). The conjugate

space H* - ad joint of an operator – self ad joint operators – normal and unitary operator projections.

UNIT – III

Fnite dimensional spectral theory, matrius, Determinants and the spectrum of an operator, the spectral

theorem.

UNIT – IV

The structure of commutative Bonanch Algeluas. The crelfand mapping applications of the formulae

r(x)= |im||xn||

1/n . Involutions in Banach algelua, the Gelfand Neumark Representations theorem.

Reference:

Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis by C.F. Simmons.

Paper – 9

GRAPH THEORY

UNIT – I

Graphs and sub-graps : Graphs and Simple graphs, graph Isomorphism, the incidence and adjacency

matrices, sub-graphs, vertexdegrees, path problems.

Trees : Trees, cut edges and bounds, cut vertices, cayley’s Formula and the connector problem.

UNIT – II

Connectivity : Connectivity, blocks and Construction of reliable communication network, Euler tours,

Hamilton cycles, the Chinese postman problem and the traveling salesman problem.

UNIT – III

Matchings : Matchings and coverings in bipartite graphs, perfect matchings, the personnel assignment

problem and the optimal assignment problem. Edge – Colourings : Edge chromatic number , Vizings’s theorem

and the tabling problem.

UNIT – IV

Independent Setss: Ramsey’s theorem. Turan’s theorem, Schur’s theorem and a geometry problem.

Vertex Colorings: Chromatic numbers. Brook’s theorem, Hajo’s conjecture, chromatic polynomials, Girth and

Chromatic number and a storage problem.

UNIT – V

Plan graphs: Plane and Planer graphs, dual graphs, Euler’s Formula, bridges, kuratowski’s theorem, the

five colour theorem and the Four colour conjections non-Hamiltonian planer graphs and a planarity Algorithm.

Directed graphs: Directed path, directed cycles, a job sequencing problem, designing an efficient

computer drum, making a road system one way and ranking the participants in a treatment.

Text Book:

1. For unit I to V, content and treatments as the chapters I to X (except section 1.9) of the book “Graph theory

with applications” by J. A. Bondy and U.S.R Murthy, the MacMillan Press Limited, London, 1976.

Paper – 10

OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

UNIT – I

The General Linear Programming Problem: The Linear – Programming problem – Properties of a

solution to the linear programming program and generating extreme point solutions.

The Simplex Computational Procedures: Development of a minimum feasible solution –

Computational procedure – The artificial basis techniques – A first feasible solution using slack variables –

Geometric interpretation of the simplex procedure.

UNIT – II

The Revised Simplex Method: The general form of the inverse and the product form of the inverse.

The Duality Problems of Linear Programming: The Un-Symmetric primal – Dual problems – The

Symmetric primal –Dual problem – Economic interpretation of the primal – Dual problems.

Degeneracy Problems: Perturbation techniques and example of Cycling.

UNIT – III

Additional Computation Techniques: Determining a first feasible solution – The dual simplex method

and integer programming.

The Transportation Problem: The general transportation problem – Computational procedure for

solving the transportation problem – Variation of transfortation problem.

UNIT – IV

Decision Analysis and Games: Decision environments – Decision making under certainty – Decision

making under risk – Decision under uncertainty and game theory.

UNIT – V

Probabilistic Inventory Model: Introduction – Continuous review models – Single period models and

multi-period models.

Reference:

1. For units I to III the content and treatment as in chapter 3 to 7 and 9 to 10 of the book “Linear

Programming Methods and Application” by Saul I. Gauses, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Limited, 1975.

fourth Edition, New Delhi.

2. For Units IV and V the content and treatment as in chapters 14 to 16 of the book “Operation Research –

An Introduction” by Hamdy A. Taha, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1987.

`

M.Sc. STATISTICS

FIRST YEAR

SECOND YEAR

S. No. Subject Maximum

Marks

Exam

Hours

1 Statistical Quality Management 100 3

2 Operations Research - I 100 3

3 Linear Model & Design of Experiments 100 3

4 Statistical Inference – I 100 3

5 Probability Theory 100 3

S. No. Subject Maximum

Marks

Exam

Hours

1 Distribution Theory 100 3

2 Operations Research – II 100 3

3 Linear Algebra 100 3

4 Statistical Inference – II 100 3

5 Multivariate Analysis 100 3

FIRST YEAR

Paper – 1

STATISTICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

UNIT – I

Quality Improvement in the Modern Business Environment. ; The meaning of Quality

Improvement , The like between quality improvement and productivity, quality Costs –

Prevention Costs, Appraisal costs, Internal failure costs, External failure costs. Methods of

quality improvement. Total quality management, Quality circles, ISO Standards – 9000, 9001,

9002. Chapter – 1 (1.1 to 1.5) of D.C. Montogomery.

UNIT – II

Statistical Process Control – Cumulative Sum (Cusum) Control Chart – Moving Average

and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Control Charts. Special Purpose

Charts, Control of Means and Control of Process Vatiability.

Chapter – 7 (7.1 & 7.2), 8 (8.4.) of D.C. Montgomery.

UNIT – III

Acceptance Sampling : Advantages and Disadvantages, Acceptance Sampling by

attributes : Double, Multiple and Sequential Sampling Plan Curtailed Inspection – OC. AOQ,

ATI, ASN Curve.

Acceptance Sampling by Variable : Advantages and Disadvantages – Assumptions, Single

Sampling Plans – known sigma – unknown sigma plans. Chapter – 13 (13.1 to 123.3), 14 (14.1,

14.2) of D.C. Montgomery.

UNIT –IV

Special Purpose Sampling Plans – Continuous Sampling Plans – CSP – 1,

CSP – 2, CSP – 3, Chain Sampling Plans.

Taguchin Contributions to quilty Engineering : The Taguchin Pholosphy, the Taguchi’s

approach to parameter Design. Chapter – 15 (15.1 to 15.3) 12 (12.5 , 12.5) of D.C.Montgomery.

UNIT – V

Reliability and Life Testing Concept of Reliability, Aging – Hazard function. Rate

function – Reliability function – Estimation of Parameters and Reliability functions in

Exponential, Gamma and Weibull Distributions using Complete Samples.

Chapter – 1 (1.1 to 1.5) , 2 (2.1 to 2.9, 2.11) of S.K. Sinha.

Reference:

1. D.C. Montgomery – An Introduction of Statistical Quality Control.

2. S.K. Sinha – Reliability and Life Testing.

Paper – 2

OPERATIONS RESEARCH-I

UNIT – I

Linear Programming Problem : Simplex Method – Duality in LPP – Sensitivity Analysis

– Changes in the profit (or cost) Contribution Coefficients of variability in the objective

Functions. Changes in the availability of Resources – Changes in the input – Output Co-

efficients. Operations Research – J.K. Sharma – Section 6.1, 6.2.

UNIT – II

LPP – Pure-Mixed Integer Programming cutting plane method Gomory’s all integer

cutting plane method – Mixed integer cutting Plane method – Branch and Bound method – Zero-

One Programming problem. Optimization Theory – S.S. Roa, O.R. Taha – section 9.3.1 , 9.3.2.

UNIT – III

Non – Linear Programming problem – Unconstrained Optimization – Single Variable

function – Multi – variable functions – Constrained Multi – variable optimization with inequality

constraints – Larangian method – Kuhun – Tucker conditions – Quadratic Programming. O.R.

Taha –Section 20.1, 20.2, 20.2.1, 20.3, 20.3.1, 20.3.2.

UNIT – IV

Quadratic programming problems – Wolfe’s modified simplex method – Beal’s method –

separable programming – Convex Programming. O.R. Taha – Section 21.2, 21.2.1, 21.2.2.

UNIT – V

Dynamic Programming 0 Characteristics of DPP – Belman’s principles of optimality –

General Algorithm – Deterministic DPP – Stage Coach problem – Cargo – Loading model –

Work Force size model – Investment model LP as DPP. O.R. Taha – sec 10.1 to 10.4, 10.4.1,

10.4.2, 10.4.3.

Reference:

1. O.R. – Taha - Prentice Hall – Nov- 1998.

2. O.R. – J.K. Sharma - Mc.Millan India Ltd, 1998.

3. S.S. Rao - Optimization.

4. O.R. - Kantiswarup, Man Mohan Gup

Paper – 3

LINEAR MODEL AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

UNIT – I : Linear Models and NOVA

Theory of linear estimation, Estimability of linear parametric function, and BLUE,

Method of least squares, Gauss-Markov theorem. Estimation of error variance.

UNIT – II : Regression Analysis

Estimation and tests of regression parameters in uni-variate (linear, quadratic and cubic)

and multivariate linear regression under usual assumptions and related interval estimation.

Violation of usual assumptions concerning normality, homoscedasticity and collinearity.

Diagonostics using probability plots.

UNIT – III : ANOVA

Decomposition of sum of squares in one-way and two-way orthohgonal classifications.

ANOVA Table.

UNIT – IV : Design of Experiment

Need for design of experiments, Fundamental principles of design of experiments, Basic

designs-CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, Orthogonality of classification in two-way lay-

outs, advantages of orthosonality relation, simple illustrations. Analysis of co-variance, missing

plot technique.

UNIT – V : Factorial experiments

2n, 32 factorial experiments, illustrations, main effects and interactions, confounding and

illustrations.

Reference:

1. Saluja, M.P. : Indian official statistical systems. Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta.

2. Draper, N.R. and Smith, H, (1981) : Applied Regression Analysis, John Wiley.

3. Chatterjee, S. and Price, P. (1991) : Regression Analysis by example. Second edition

John Wiley & Sons.

4. Mutrhy, M.N (1967) : Sampling theory and methods. Statistical Publishing Society,

Calcutta.

5. Sukhatme et al. (1984) : Sample Theory of Surveys with applications. Indian Society of

Agricultural Statistics.Cochran, S.G. (1984): Sampling Techniques Third edition. Wiley

Eastern.

6. Federer, W.T. (1975): Experimental designs-theory and applications. Oxford & IBH.

Paper – 4

STATISTICAL INFERENCE – I

UNIT – I

Criteria of Estimation :

Unbiasedness, Consistency, : sufficiency, efficiency. Sufficient statistics, Neymann –

Fisher factorization Theorem, Experimental family, completeness, Bounded completeness –

Complete sufficiency. Chapter 8 (Sec 3 and Sec 4) of V.K.ROHATGI

UNIT – II

Optimal Estimation :

Uniformly Minimum Variance – Unbiased Estimation – Rao – Black well theorem –

Lehmann scheffe’s theorem – Chapman – Robbin Bound. Cramer Rao Bound and Bhattacharya

Bound. Chapter 2 (Sec 6 and 7) of E.L. Lehmann.

UNIT – III

Methods of Estimation :

Maximum likelihood estimation. Asymptotic properties of MLE. The methodsd of

scoring for the Estimation of parameters. Chapters 8 (Sec 7) of V.K. Tohatgi.

Chapter 5 (Sec 5g) of C.R. Rao.

UNIT – IV

Methods of Estimation :

Methods of moments – Minimum Chi-Square – Least Squares – Byes estimation – Bayes

Minimax estimation. Chapter 8 (Sec 6) of V.U.K. Rohatgi.

UNIT – V

Interval Estimation :

Fundamental Notions of confidence Estimation, Shortest length, Confidence intervals,

Bayes confidence intervals. Chapter 11 (Sec2,3 and 6) of V.K. Rohatgi.

Reference:

1. V.K. Rohatgi Introduction to probability theory & mathematical statistics. (Wiley Eastern

Ltd - 1985).

2. E.L.Lehmann Theory of Point Estimation (John Wiley and Sons 1983).

3. C.R. Rao Linear Statistical Inference and its applications (wiley Eastern Ltd - 1984).

Paper – 5

PROBABILITY THEORY

UNIT – I

Probability measure on a sigma – field – probability space. Conditional probability

measure – Random variables and vectors. Induced probability measure by Random variable.

UNIT – II

Distribution – function – properties. Distribution Function of Vector of Random

Variables – Correspondence theorem. Conditional distribution function. Properties. Concept of

Independence – Kolmogorov 0-1 law. Nprel 0-1 Cretierion and Borel – Cantelli Lemma.

UNIT – III

Mathematical expectation – properties. Conditional expectation – moment inequality –

Cramer inequality. Holders inequality – Minkowisky inequality, Jensen inequality – Markov

Inequality. Cheby sheve’s inequality.

UNIT – IV

Characteristic Function inversion – Uniqueness and continuity theorems. Convergence

of sequence of random variable – convergence in Yth

mean and their relationship.

UNIT – V

Law of large numbers – weak and strong law of large numbers – central limit theorem –

Liapounov and Lindeberg – Feller theorem.

Reference:

1. Bhat B.R. - Modern probability Theory, “wiley” Eastern (1980).

2. Tucker HG - A graduate course in statistics, Academic press (1976).

3. Loeve. M. - Probaility theory. Van-Nostrand (1968).

SECOND-YEAR

Paper – 1

DISTRIBUTION THEORY

UNIT – I

Distribution function of two dimensional random variable properties – Distribution of

sum, difference. Product and quotient of two independent random variables. Elementary ideas

on Logarithmic series distribution.

UNIT – II

Non-central Chi-square, t and F distributions – Distribution of order statistics –

Distribution of range and median – limiting distribution of extreme order statistics.

UNIT – III

Bivariate and multivariate normal distribution – properties – marginal and conditional

distributions.

UNIT – IV

Distribution of Quadratic forms in normal variables – Necessary and sufficient condition

for a quadratic form to be distributed as Chi – Square distribution – Cochran’s theorem – James

theorem (Statement only).

UNIT – V

Maximum likelihood estimate of parameters of multivariate normal distribution –

Distribution of sample mean vector – Inference about mean vector of one and two multivariate

normal population when ∑ is known.

Reference:

1. Johnson & Kotz (1972): Discrete distributions & Continuous univariate distributions-2.

2. David, H.A. (1981) : Order statistics – Second edition, John Wiley.

3. Rao, C.R. – Linear statistical Inference and its Applications – Wiley Eastern.

4. Anderson T.W. (1983) – An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis IIedn.

MGraw Hill.

5. Hogg, R.V. and Craig A.T. (1972) : Introduction to mathematical Statistics, 3rd

edn,

Amerind.

6. Rohatgi, V.K. (1984).: An Introduction to probability theory and mathematical statistics

Paper – 2

OPERATIONS RESEARCH – II

UNT – I

Theory of Games – Introduction – Pure Strategies – Mixed Strategies – Rules of

Dominance – Games without Saddle Point – Algebric method. Arithmetic Games – Matrix

method – graphical methods – Linear Programming method.

O.R. – J.K. Sharma – Section 11.1 to 11.6.

UNIT – II

Inventory Control – Meaning – Classification – Advantages – Characteristics – Inventory

model Building – Deterministic Inventory model with No shortage – Model

I – I (a), I(b), I (c) – with shortage – Model – 2(a) , 2(b), 2(c) – Multi item inventory model –

Model – 3(a), 3(b)- Probabilistic inventory control – Stationary Demand Models – Model 1(a),

Model 2(a) , Model 3 (a).

O.R. – J.K. Sharma – Section 13.1 to 13.9.

O.R. – Taha – Section 16.3, 16.3.1. 16.3.2.

UNIT – III Queuing Theory :

Introduction – Features – Characteristics – Classification – Solution of Queuing Models –

(M/M/1) : (O/FCFS) (Q/S/RO) (M/M/1) : (N/FCFS) (M/M/S) : (N/FCFS) – (M/EK/1) :

(O/FCCS) – (M/G/1) AND (G1/M/1).

O.R. – J.K. Sharma – section 15.1 to 15.6

Stochastic process – J. Medhi – Section 10.6.

UNIT – IV

Replacement Model :

Introduction – Failure – Gradual failure, Sudden failure – Replacement of items

Deteriorate with Time – Replacement of items whose maintenance cost increase with time –

Selection of best item amongst two – Replacement of items that fil completely – Group

Replacement. O.R. – J.K. sharma – Section 16.1 to 16.4.

UNIT – V

Simulation :

Introduction – Monte Carlo simulation – Types of Simulation – Steps in Simulation –

Advantages – Discrete even Simulations – Generalization of Random numbers – Mechanics of

Discrete Simulation. O.R. – J.K. Sharma – Section 18.1 to 18.8.

O.R. Taha – Section 18.1 to 18.6.

Reference:

1. Jerry Banks. John S. Carson II, Barry L. Nelson – Discrete Event System Simulation

Second Edition 1996 – Prentice Hail.

2. O.R. – J.K. Sharma – Mc Millan India Ltd., 1998.

3. J. Methi – Stochastic Process – Wiley Eastern Ltd.

Paper – 3

LINEAR ALGEBRA

UNIT – I

Fields, vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence and independence, basis and

dimension of a vector space, finite dimensional vector spaces, completion theorem, examples of

vector over real and complex fields, linear equations. Vector spaces with an inner product,

gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process, orhtonormal basis and orthogonal projection of a

vector.

UNIT – II

Linear transformations,k algebra of matrices, row and column spaces of a matrix,

elementary matrices, determinants, rank and inverse of a matrix, null spaces and nullity,

partitioned matrices, kronecker product.

UNIT – III

Hermite canonical form, generalized inverse, Moore-Penrose generalized inverse,

Idempotent matrices, Solutions of matrix equations. Real quadratic forms, reduction and

classification of quadratic forms, index and signature, triangular reduction of a positive definite

matrix.

UNIT – IV

Characteristic roots and vectors, Cayley – Hamition theorem, minimal polynomial,

similar matrices, algebraic and geometric multiplicity of a characteristic root, spectral

decomposition of a real symmetric matric, reduction of a pair of real symmetric matrices,

Hermitian matrices.

UNIT – V

Singular values and singular value decomposition, extrema of quadratic forms, vector and

matrix differentiation.

Reference:

1. Graybil, F.A. (1983). Matrices with applications in statistics, 2nd

Ed. Wadsworth.

2. Rao, C.R. (1973). Linear statistical inference and its applications, 2nd

Ed. Ojhn Wiley

and Sons, Inc.

3. Searle, S.R. (1982). Matrix algebra useful for Statistics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

4. Rao, A.R. and Bhimasankaram, P. (1992). Tata McGraw Hill Publishing company Ltd.

5. Hoffman, K. and Kunze, R. (1971). Linear Algebra, 2nd

ed., Prentice Hall, Inc.

Paper – 4

STATISTICAL INFERENCE – II

UNIT – I

Most Powerful Test :

Fundamental Notions of Hypothesis – Testing Randomized and Non-Randomized tests.

Most powerful tests. The Neyman-Pearson Fundamental Lemma. Chapter 3 (Sec 1 and Sec 2) of

E.L. Lehmann.

UNIT – II

Uniformally Most Powerful Test :

UMP test. Distributions with Monotone Likelihood Ratio, Generalization of the

Fundamental Lemma (with out Proof) UMP test for two sided hypothesis. Chapters 3 (Sec 3.6

and 7) of E.L.Lehmann.

UNIT – III

Unbiased and UMPU test :

Unbiasedness for hypothesis testing – UMPU tests for one Parameter exponential family,

similar test, Test with Neymann – Structure, Likelkhood Ratio test. Relatiionship between

testing of hypothesis and confidence interval. Chapter 4 (Sec2 and 3) of E.L. Lehmann. Chapter

11 (Sec 4) of V.K. Rohatgi.

UNIT – IV

Sequential Probability Ratio Test :

Sequential Probability Ratio Test, Properties of SPRT, Efficiency of the SPRT, Economy

of Sequential Testing, The fundamental identify of the SPRT. Chapter 7 (Sec7c.1 to 7c.5) of

C.R. Rao.

UNIT – V

Non-parametric Test :

Single sample problems – Kolmogrov – simirnov test, the sign test, the Wilcoxon Signed

Ranks Test. Two sample problems – Kolmogro –Simirnov two sample test. The Median Test,

The Mann –Whitney-Wilcoxon test. Chapter 13 (sec 3,4) of V.K.Rohatgi.

Reference:

1. V.K. Rohatgi (1985) – Introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics.

2. C.R.Rao (1984) – Linear Statistical Inference and its applications.

3. E.L. Lehmann (1983) – Testing Statistical Hyposthesis.

Paper – 5

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

UNIT – I

Estimators of Total, Partial and Multiple correlation coefficient and their null

distributions. Test for total, partial, and multiple correlation coefficient and multiple

regression coefficients.

UNIT – II

Distribution of sample dispersion matrix – wishart distribution – properties – Hotellings

T2 and Mahalanobis of D

2 statistics – their null distributions.

UNIT – III

Test for mean vector of one and two multivariate normal populations based on T2 (or D

2)

distribution – Classification problem – Classification of two multivariate normal populations –

Baye’s procedure – Calculation of the probabilities of misclassification.

UNIT – IV

Discriminant Analysis – Fishers discriminant function – Test for assigned discriminant

function – Canonical correlations and canonical variates.

UNIT – V

Principal Component Analysis – Extraction – properties – Factor Analysis – Orthogonal

factor model – Principal component solution to factor model.

Reference:

1. Anderson, T.W. (1983) - An Introduction to Multivariate Analysis-Second

edition, John Wiley.

2. Johnson & Kotz (1972) - Continuous Univariate Distributions & continuous

Multivariate Distributions-Wiley Eastern.

3. Rao. C.R. - Introduction Linear Statistical Inference and its

applications – Wiley Eastern.

4. Morrison. D.F. (1976) - Mulltivariate Statistical Methods – Second edn,McGraw

Hill.

5. Johnson. A.R. &

Wichern, W.D. (1988) - An Introduction to Applied Multivariate Analysis –

Academic press.

M.Sc. PHYSICS

DURATION OF COURSE : 2 YEARS

ELIGIBILITY : RELEVANT GRADUATION

COURSE CODE : 330

FIRST YEAR

S. No. Subject Max. Marks Exam

Hrs

1 Classical and Statistical Mechanics 100 3

2 Mathematical Physics & Numerical Methods 100 3

3 Molecular Physics and Spectroscopy 100 3

4 Electromagnetic Theory 100 3

5 Solid State Physics 100 3

6 Digital Electronics and Microprocessors 100 3

7 Practical – I 100 6

8 Practical – II 100 6

SECOND YEAR

S. No. Subject Max. Marks Exam

Hrs

1 Quantum Mechanics 100 3

2 Modern Optics 100 3

3 Material Science 100 3

4 Nuclear Physics 100 3

5 Micro Controller and Digital Signal Processing 100 3

6 Communication Electronics 100 3

7 Practical – III 100 6

8 Practical – IV 100 6

SYLLABUS

FIRST YEAR

Paper – 1

CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

A. Classical mechanics

UNIT – I : ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES

D’ Alembert’s principles – Langrange’s equation – Hamilton’s Equation –

Langragian and Hamiltonian.

TWO BODY CENTRAL FORCE PROBLEM

Equations of motion and first integrals – Kepler’s laws – Scattering by Central

Potential – Transformation from centre of mass to laboratory frame.

SPECIAL RELATIVITY IN CLASSICAL MECHANICS

Relativistic Langrarian and Hamiltonian for a particle – space – time and energy –

momentum four vectors – Centre of mass system for relativistic particles – invariance of

maxwells equations.

UNIT – II: KINEMATICS OF ROTATION

Orthogonal transformation – Euler poles – rotating frames of reference and coriolis

force.

MECHANICS OF RIGID BODIES

Angular momentum and kinetic energy – moment of inertia – Euler’s equations of

motion. Torgue Free mogiton – motion of a symmetrical top under gavity.

UNIT – III CANONICAL TRANSFORMATIIONS

Canonical transformations and their generators – Simple examples – Poisson

brackets.

HAMILTON JACOB THEORY

Hamilton – Jacobi equations – Action angle variables – Application to the kepler

problem.

SMALL OSCILLAIONS

Formulation of the problem – Transformation to normal co-ordinate – Linear

triatomic molecule.

B. Statistical mechanics

UNIT – IV THERMODYNAMICS

Laws of thermodynamics – Entropy, free energy, thermodynamic potentials, phase

equilibrium – Gibb’s phase rule – phase transitions and Ehrenfest’s classification – Third law

of thermodynamics.

CLASSICAL STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Postulates – Liouville’s theorem – Micro canonical, Canonical and grand canonical

examples, partition function and entropy of ideal gas – Gibbs paradox.

NON IDEAL GAS

Virial expansion – Derivation of Vander Waal’s equation using two particle short

range interaction.

DENSITY OPERATOR AND QUANTUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Liouville’s equation – Postulates of quantum statistical mechanics – Bose – Einstein,

Fermi – Dirac distributions.

UNIT – V IDEAL BIST GAS

Equation of state – Free electron gas in metals – heat capacity – Pauli’s

paramagnetism – Thermionic emission.

Reference:

1. H. Goldstein - Classical Mechanics

2. T.N.B. Kibble - Classical Mechanics

3. L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz - Mechanics

4. K.R. Symon - Mechanics

5. J.L. Synage and B.A. Griffith - Principles of Classical Mechanics.

6. L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz - Statistical Mechanics

7. B.K. Agarwal and M.Eisner - Statistical Mechanics Wiley Eastern, 1988.

8. Takwal - Classical Mechanics

9. Gupta & Kumar - Classical Mechanics

10. Satya Prakash - Classical Mechanics (TMH).

Paper – 2

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS & NUMERICAL METHOD

UNIT – I

Differential Equations and spatial function – Second order differential equation –

series solution – generating functions – Rodrigue’s formula. Recurrence relation and

orthogonally property for Bessel, Legendre.

UNIT – II COMPLEX VARIABLE

Functions of a complex Variable – analytic functions – Cauchy Reimann Conditions

multi valued functions and branch points – Cachy’s integral theorem and formula.

UNIT – III LAPLACE AND FOURIER TRANSFORMS

Laplace Transforms – inverse Laplace transform application to differential and

integral equation.

FOURIER TRANSFORM

Fourier Transform and integral theorem convolution theorem.

UNIT – IV CURVE FITTING

Principles of lest Squares – fitting a straight line, Para bell, exponential curve, curve

of a form Y=axb and Y=ab

x.

THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION:

Binomial distribution – formula for mean – Standard deviation – Poisson distribution

– formula for mean, standard deviation moments Normal distribution - formula for mean,

Standard deviation.

UNIT – V SOLUTIONS OF NUMERICAL, ALGEBRIC, TRANSCENDENTAL

AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION:

Picard’s method of successive approximations - Newton – Rephson method – Euler’s

method – modified Euler’s method – Runge – Kutta method (Second and third order only).

Gauss elimination method. Lagrange’s interperation formula for – unequal intervals

Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s (1/3) and (1/8) rules.

Reference:

1. Mathematical Physics – B.D. Gupta.

2. Mathematical Physics – Rajput.

3. Mathematical Physics – B.K. Das.

4. Special Functions – W.W. Bell.

5. Grewal B.Setal – Numerical methods in Engineering and Science – Khanna

Publication.

6. Venkataraman. M.K. – Numerical methods of Science and engineering – The

National Publishing Company, Chennai.

Paper – 3

MOLECULAR PHYSICS & SPECTROSCOPY

UNIT – I

Symmetric of poly molecules – Calculation of normal modes for Raman and IR

activity Czr and C3r point groups by group theoretical considerations - Calculation of F and

G matrices – Normal co-ordinate analysis for H2o and NH3 and molecules.

UNIT – II

Electronic spectra of molecules : Born openheim approximation – vibrational

structure of electronic transitions – Intensity of vibrational electronic spectra – Frank –

Condor Principle – Chemical analysis by electronic spectroscopy.

UNIT – III

Constant deviation spectrometer – Raman effect – Characteristics of Raman lines –

molecule structure – theory of lasers – types oflasers – production of COZ laser,

semiconductor laser & He-Ne laser.. and application of laser.

UNIT – IV

NQR spectroscopy – Quadrapole Hamiltonian Theory – Energy Levels for molecules

of axial symmetry – experimiental detection – super registrative oscillator – Continous wave

osuvillator – Mossbauer spectroscopy – Experiment.

UNIT – V

Theory of NMR spectroscopy – Block equation – Relaxation process – Structural

analysis – Single Coil & double coil spectrometers – NMR in liquids – ESR spectroscopy –

Hyperfine structure – applications.

Reference:

1. Ban well C.N – Fundamental of Molecular spectroscopy.

2. B.P. Straughen and S. Walkar – Spectroscopy.

Paper – 4

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

UNIT – I

Electrostatics : Mechanical stress on unit area of a charges conductor – application to

electro field soap bubble – potential energy. Stored in unit volume of a medicine

surrounding a charged body.

UNIT – II

Magneticstatics : Bio-Sanart Law – Ampere’s law – Magnetic vector potentials and

magnetic field of a localized current distribution – Magnetic moment, force and torque on a

current distribution in an external field – Magnetostatic field in macroscopic media –

Boundary conditions – Uniformly magnetized sphere.

UNIT – III

Maxwell equations :- Fardqya law of induction – Maxwell displacement current –

Maxwell equations – Wave equations and plane wave solutions – Coulmb and Lorentz

gauges – Poynthing theorem – Conservation laws for a system of charges.

UNIT – IV

Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for a relativistic field – motion in uniform

staticmagnetic field – Particle drift in non-uniform – Correction to Langrangian for

interacting charged particles.

UNIT – V

Plane waves in non-conducting refraction medium – Propagation of waves in a

rectangular wave guide.

Reference:

1. J.D. Jackson, Johnwiley – Classical Electrodynamics.

2. D. Griffith – Introduction to Electrodynamics.

Paper – 5

SOLID STATE PHYSICS

UNIT – I

Crystal Lattices : - Space lattices – lattice plans & Miller indices – formulation of

Bagg and Von Law – Equivalance of Bragg & Von law formulation – geometrical structure

factor and Atomic form of factor Ionic crystals – Electrostatic or Madelung energy –

Madelung constant – Metal crystals – Hydrogen bond crystals.

UNIT – II

Lattice Dynamics : - Monoatomic lattices – Brillouim Zones – Group and phase

velocity – lattice with 2 atoms per primitive cell – quantization of latticevobrations – phonon

momentum – lattice heat capacity.

UNIT – III

Free electron theory : Drude theory metals – Hall effect – Fermi electron gs in 3D –

Heat capacity – Non equilibrium distribution function – Bottzman transport equation –

electrical thermal conduction – wiedmann – Franz law – de Hass Van Alphen effect –

Oscillatory Phenomenon and Landaw levels.

UNIT – IV

Magnetic properties : - Quantum theory of Para magnetism – rare earth ions – Hunds

Rule – Iron group ions – Paramagnetic Cooling – demagnetization – ferromagnetism –

Quantum theory anti symmetric Wave function and exchange integral – Heisenberg

interpolation of wises field – Ferromagnetic spin waves – curie’s law.

UNIT – V

Modern engineering and new materials : - Polymers – Ceramics – Super strong

materials – Nuclear Engineering materials – Nuclear glasses – optical materials – Materials

for optical sources and – dectors – Biomaterials conductors.

Reference:

1. C.Kittel – Introduction to solid state physics.

2. Arumugam M. – Material Science.

3. Puri and Babber – Solid state Physics.

Paper – 6

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND MICROPROCESSOR

UNIT – I

Integrated circuits – TTL and MOS logic circuits – Gating Networks Logic design:

Flip – Flops – Transfer circuits – Clocks – shift registers – Counters – State diagrams and

State tables – Magnitude comparator – Programmable Arrays of Logic cells.

UNIT – II

Elements of ALU Design and implementation of Binary Address (Half and Full) and

Subtractors – BCD Adder – Multiplexer – encoder – decoder – Floating point number

systems – Arithmetic operations with Floating point numbers.

UNIT – III

Input – output Interface modules – I / O versus Memory Bus – Isolated versus

memory – mapped I / O – Asynchronous Data Transfer – Priority Interrupt – Direct Memory

Access (DMA) – Input Output Processor (IOP) : CPU – IOP communication – Memory

Organization : Memory Hierarchy – Main memory – Auxiliary Memory – Associative

memory – Cache memory - Virtual memory.

UNIT – IV

Microcomputers, Microprocessor and Assembly Language – Microprocessor

Architecture and Microcomputer systems: Micro processor architecture and its operations –

Memory – Input and Output – The 8085 MPL – 8085 based Micro computer – Memory

Interfacing.

UNIT – V

The 8085 programming Model – Addressing Techniques – 8085 Instruction – Code

conversion – BCD arithmetic operations.

PRACTICALS – 2

1. Study of Logic Gates – Discrete version & IC version: AND, OR, NOT, NAND,

NOR Gates – To construct and verify the Truth Tables.

2. Karnaugh’s Reduction Technique – To find the simplified logic circuits for the given

output equation.

3. Study of Half Adder and Full Adder circuits – To Construct and verify the Truth

Table.

4. Study of Shift Registers using IC’s.

5. Study of Counters.

6. Study of ROM chips

7. Study of RAM chips

8. Study of Intel 8085 Microprocessors : Performing simple exercises :

a) Addition

b) Subtraction

c) Multiplication

d) Division of Decimal Numbers

e) Picking up the Largest and Smallest number in the given set.

f) BCD to Binary and Binary to BCD Conversions.

g) HEX to Decimal and Decimal to HEX Conversions.

Text Books:

1. Digital Computer Fundamentals – Thomas C. Bartee, T.M.H. 6th

edition 1991.

2. Computer System Architecture – M. Morris Mano, PHI, 3rd

edition.

3. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085/8080 A

Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

Reference:

1. Introduction to Micrprocessor – A.P. Mathur, T.M.H. 1990.

2. Microprocessors and interfacing – Programming and Hardware – Douglas V. Hall,

TMH, 1997.

SECOND YEAR

Paper – 7

QUANTUM MECHANICS – I

UNIT – I : FORMATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

Schrödinger equation for a free particle – statistical interpretation – conditions on the

wave equation – operator, formalism – Linear operators – Self ad joint operations –

expectation value – Eigen values and Eigen functions – Orthonormality – The uncertainty

relation – illustration experiments (diffraction of an electron beam by a long narrow slit,

position of electron under ray microscope).

One dimensional problems : Particle in a central potential and particle in a periodic potential

– Hydrogen atom – Reduction of two body Hamiltonian – hudrogenie eigon functions and

spectra – Normal Zeeman effect of Hydrogenic atoms.

UNIT – II : APPROXIMATE EVALUATION OF EIGEN VALUES AND EIGEN

FUNCTIONS FOR DISCRETE LEVELS

Perturbation theory in non-degenerate cases – Application to ground state of an

harmonic oscillator and stark effect in Hydrogen – variation method – application to ground

state of Helium atom – WKB approximation.

UNIT – III : ANGULAR MOMENTUM

Communication rules for Angular Momentum. Operators – Eigen value spectrum

Raising and Lowering operators – Matrix representation of Angular Momentum Spin

Matrices and Wave functions – Combination of two Angular Momenta – Clebsch – Gordon

co-efficient.

UNIT – VI : EQUATION OF MOTION

Schrodinger picture – wave equation – stationary states – Heisenberg picture –

correspondence with classical mechanics – The Interaction picture – Representation theory:

Basis in function space – momentum and configuration representations – Direec’s Ket and

Bra Vector Notation – Matric – representation – an example : Harmonic Ocillator –

Quantum conditions and their variance using matrix mechanics.

UNIT – V : PERTURBATION THEORY

Perturbation theory, First and Second order transitions under constant perturbation –

conservation of energy – application to potential scattering and inelastic collisions –

Harmonic perturbations – Adiabatic and sudden approximations.

Books for Study :

1. Quantum Mechanics – Theory and Applications by A.K. Ghatak & Lokanathan.

2. A text book of Quantum mechanics – Mathews & Venkatesan.

3. Quantum mechanics – Chatwal & Anand.

4. Quantum mechanics – Satya

Reference:

1.Quantum Mechanics – Leonand Sehift.

2. Quantum Mechanics – P.T. Mathews.

3. Quantum Mechanics – Pauling & Wilson.

4. Fundamental principles of quantum mechanics with Elementary qpplications Edwin

C. Kemble..

Paper – 8

MODERN OPTICS

Unit 1

Geometrical optics: Convex lens- Principal focus and focal planes- principal points and

planes- nodal points and planes- Newton’s formula for a convex lens system- Aberrations in

lenses and optical instruments- Spherical aberration in lenses –methods of reducing spherical

aberration-aplanatic points in lenses-condition for minimum spherical aberration in the case

of two lenses separated by a distance- chromatics aberration in lenses- condition for

achromatism of two lenses in contact and out of contact- Huygens and Rams dens eye-

pieces- construction and comparison.

Unit 2

Fresnels biprism- determination of wavelength of light and thickness of thin sheet of

transparent material- interference in thin films due to reflected light – colours of thin films-

Air- Wedge method of determination of diameter of wire- test for optical flatness- Newton’s

rings- experimental determination of refractive index of the material of the lens- and a given

liquid – Michel sons interferometer – determination of wavelength and thickness of a mica

sheet.

Unit 3

Diffraction – Fresnels explanation for rectilinear propagation of light- zone plate-

Fresnels diffraction at a straight edge- Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit, double slit and

N Slits- plane diffraction grating – wavelength determination- resolving power- Rayleighs

criterion- resolving power of telescope, microscope, prism, grating-comparison of prism and

grating spectra. Polarization-Huygens explanation of double refraction in uni-axial crystals-

polarizing prisms- quarter and half wave plates- production and detection of a plane,

circularly and elliptically polarized light- optical activity- specific rotatory power-Fresnels

explanation- SP. Rotatory power by Laurent half- shade Polarimeter.

Unit 5

Non-linear optics: history of fiber optics- fiber characteristics and classification -

mode theory of fibers- transverse mode and hybrid mode-linearly polarized mode-single

mode fiber- multimode fiber- fiber Losses-absorption, scattering, bending losses-claw and

cladding losses- Dispersion in fiber. Optical fiber communication system- analog optical

fiber communication system-digital optical fiber communication system- advantages of

optical fiber communication system-requirements of communication light sources-(laser)-

different types of modulation and demodulation (elementary ideas only).

Books:

Brijlal and subrahmanian- A text book of light

Vasudev, D.N- A text book of light

Ajoy Ghatak- Optics (2nd

edition)

DR.S.Arumugam- Semi conductor physics and Opt electronics

Kennedy Davis- Electronics communication system

Paper – 9

MATERIAL SCIENCE

UNIT 1 Crystal structure and bounding:

Space lattice- crystal lattice and unit cell- seven crystal system- Brava is lattice-

Symmetry elements of a crystalline solid- structure of SCC, BCC, FCC and HCP-

Characteristics of cubic system- condition number- atomic radius -number of atoms per unit

cell-density of packing –relation between Lattice constant and density of the crystal- Miller

indices-miller indices of cubic crystal planes- relation between interplanar spacing and cube

edge.

UNIT 2 Elementary crystallograohy and crystal imperfections:

Origin of X-rays-X-Ray spectrum- Mosley’s law- Diffraction of X-rays by crystal

method and powder photograph method- Compton scattering of X-rays. Points defects- lines,

surface and volume- Freckle defect- Dislocation- edge dislocation, screw, dislocation and

Burgers vector.

UNIT 3 Magnetic properties and super conductivity:

Magnetic types of magnetic matericals- classical theory of diamagnetism (Langevin

theory)- Langevin theory of paramagnetism-Weis theory of parramagnetism- quantum theory

of magnetism.

UNIT 4 Dielectric properties:

Fundamental definition in dielectrics- Different types of electric polarization –

Frequency and temperature effects on polarization – dielectric loss. Clausius- Mosottis

relation- determination of dielectric constant –dielectric breakdown-properties of different

types of insulating materials- schotcky effect.

UNIT 5 Modern engineering material and new materials:

Polymers- ceramics- super strong materials-high temperature materials-thermo

electric materials-elecrets- nuclear engineering material –plastics- metallic glasses- optical

materials- materials for optical source and detector- Fibre optics material and their

application = Acoustic material and their application- Biomaterials- conductor.

Books:

Arumugam M- Material science

Puri and babbar- solid state physics

Paper – 10

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

UNIT 1: NUCLEAR STRUCTURE

Nuclear radius, charge distribution,spin and magnetic moment- Determination of

nuclear mass-Binding energy –semiempirical mass formula- Nuclear stability- mass

parabolas-Nuclear shell model-Liquid drop model- Optical model-Collective model

NUCLEAR PROCESS :Exchange forces-Yukawas meson theory-Yukuwa potential- Ground

state of deuteron-Magnetic moment –Tensor forces-Scattering length,Phase shift,scattering

amplitude-low energy n-p scattering- Effective range-spin dependence and charge

independence of nuclear forces.

UNIT 2: RADIOACTIVE DECAYS:

Alpha decay-Garmows theory-Geiger nuttal law-Neutrino hypothesis-Fermis theory

of beta decay-selection rules-non conservation of parity in beta decay-Gammay decay-

selection rules-internal conversion- nuclear isomerism. DETECTION OF NUCLEAR

RADIATION: Intercation of charged particle and X-rays with matter- Basic principle of

particle detector- Proportional counters and Geiger- Muller counters-BF3 counters-solid state

and semiconductor detector- scintillation counters.

UNIT 3: NUCLEAR FISSION:

Characteristics of fission-mass and energy distribution of nuclear fragments-nuclear

chain reactions-four factor formula –Bohr wheelers theory of nuclear fission –fission

reactors-power and breeder type reactor.Nuclear fussion basic processes-solar fusion-cold

fusion-controlled thermonuclear reaction-pinch effects-laser fusion techniques.

UNIT 4 : NUCLEAR REACTIONS:

Energetics of reactions-Q-equation- level width in nuclear reaction –nuclear reaction

–nuclear reaction cross sections-partial wave analysis-compound nucleus model-Resonance

scattering-Breit Wigner one level formula –Direct reactions-stripping and pick up teactions.

SCATTERING: The scattering cross section –scattering amplitude- expression in terms of

Greens function-born approximation and its validity-screened coulombs potential-alpha

particle scattering-Rutherfords formula.

UNIT 5 :ELEMENTRY PARTICLE:

Four types of interaction and classification of element ry particle –Isospin-Isospin

quantum numbers-Strageneous and hyper charge- Hadrons- Baryons-Leptons –Invariance

principle and symmetrics-Invariance under charge-parity (CP0 ,time (T) and CPT-CP

violation in neutral K-meson decay- Quark model-SU(3) symmetry- Gell-Mann.NISHIJMA

FORMULA-Gauge theory of weak and strong interaction Charm , bottom and top quarks.

BOOKS:

1. R.R ROY and B.P. Nigam,nuclear physics,Wiley eeastern ltd.,new delhi (1986).

2. B.L.Cohen, concepts of nuclear physics, Tata mcgraw hill,new delhi(1983).

3. H.A.Enge, Introduction to nuclear physics,addision Wesley , New york(1971).

4. H.Semat ,Introduction to atomics and nuclear physics ,Chapaman and Hall,new delhi.

5. D.Griffiths, Introduction to elementary particle wiley Intrnational

edition,newyork(1987).

6. W.S.C.Williams, nuclear and particle physics, clarendon press,London(1981).

7. K.S.Krane ,Introduction nuclear physics, jhon wilesy, new york (1987).

8. K.S.Krane, Modern physics,john wiley and sons Inc, New york(1988).

Paper – 11

MICRO CONTROLLER AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

UNIT I SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

Classification of signals – Singularity function – Amplitude and phase spectra –

Classification of systems – Fourier transform – Properties of Fourier transform – Fourier

transform of some important signals – Fourier transform for power and energy signals.

LINEAR TIME INVARIENT SYSTEMS

Introduction – Properties of a DSP systems – Difference equation and its relationship

with system function, impulse response and frequency response.

UNIT II DISCRETE AND FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS (DFT AND FFT)

Discrete convolution – DTFT – FFT computing an inverse DFT by doing a direct

DFT – composite radix FFT – Fast convolution – Correlation – Z transform – Definition of

the z transform – Properties of z transform – Evaluation of the inverse z transform.

UNIT III FIR AND IIR

Magnitude and phase response of digital filter – Frequency response of linear phase

FIR filter – Design techniques for FIR Filters – Design of optimal phase FIR filter.

IIR filter design by approximation of derivatives – IIR filter design by impulse

invariant method and the bilinear transformation – Butterworth and cheby swev filter

– Elliptic filter – Frequency transformation.

UNIT – IV

Introduction of Microcontrollers-8051 Microcontroller- architecture-special function

registers-adderssing modes –instruction set. Origin of PIC Micro:- Introduction to PIC micro

-Architecture and hardware:- Block diagram – working registers – program memory – data

memory – file registers – program concepts – status register – stack file selection register –

option register – indirect data addressing register – digital I/O port – clock oscillators – timer

modules – prescalar – watch dog timer – reset circuitry – instruction cycle – long word

instruction – power down mode / sleep – configuration fuses

UNIT - V

Instruction set and program development:- Instruction set types – MPASM – source

code formats – labels – mnemonics – operands – comments – files with default extension –

lists file format – error file format (EPR) – operators – procedure – redix – text strings –

numeric constants and radix key to PIC 16/17 form instruction sets.

1.TEXT BOOK :

. S.Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj and C. Gnanapriya, “DIGITAL

SIGNALPROCESSING”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited,

ISBN-0-07-463996-X.

1. .Embedded control hand book, volume 1995/96

2. PIC 16/17 microcontroller data book, volume 1996/1997

3. MPASM online help files.

Paper – 12

COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS

UNIT – I : COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Theory of amplitude modulation – theory of frequency modulation – theory of phase

modulation Noise : Intern noise – external noise – noise calculation – noise figure noise

temperature – super heterodyne receiver – Antenna antenna equivalent circuits – coordinated

system – radiatiadar. Fields – Polarization – power gain of a antenna – effection area of

antenna – effective length of an antenna – Hertzi dipole – Half wave dipole – vertical

antennas – loop fiernrod antenna – non resonant antenna – driver array – plus arrays – UHF –

UHF antenna – microwave antenna.

UNIT – II : DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Pulse amplitude modulation – Pulse code modulation – pulse frequency modulation –

pulse time modulation – pulse position modulation – Pulse width modulation – base digital

communication systems – synchronization a synchronous transmission – probability of bit

error in bas band transmission – notched filter – bit, timing recovery eye diagram – digital

carrier systems – carrier recover circuits – differential phase shift keying error control coding

– multiplex transmission – frequency and time division multiplexing.

UNIT – III : MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS AND RADAR

Generation of microwaves – klystron: Reflex Klystorn Multicavity Magnetron –

detection of microwaves IMPATT, TRAPATT and Gunn diodes – radar – radar quation –

pulse and CW radar – MTI and automatic tracking radar.

UNIT – IV : OPTIC FIBER COMMUNICATION

Fiber optics – Different types of Fibers: Step indexed Graded index fibers – Ray

theory of step index Fiber – ignal degradation in fibers: Absorption , attenuation, catering

losses and dispeision – optical sources and electros : Laster fundamentals – laser action –

different inds of laser – LED – photo detectors – power launching coupling: Source to fiber

power launching – fiber joints splicing techniques.

UNIT – V : ATELLITE COMMUNICATION

Satellite links – eclipses – orbits and inclination – satellite construction – satellite

communication Frequencies – Different domestic satellites – INTELSAT system MATISAT

satellites – telemetry.

Reference:

1. Dennis Rooddy. John Coolen electronic Communication – fourth edition, PHI

Private Ltd.1999.

2. Sanjeevan Gupta – Electronic Communication systems – Khanna Publications, 1995.

3. N.D. Deshpandae, D.A. Deshpandate, P.K. Rangola Communication Electronics –

Tate McGraw Hill Pvt, Ltd.1998.

4. M. Arumugam, Optical Fiber Communication and Sensors, first Edition 2002

Anuradha Agencies, Kumbakonam.

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY

S.NO. Name of the subject Marks

I YEAR

1. Organic Chemistry – I 100

2. Inorganic Chemistry – I 100

3. Physical Chemistry – I 100

4. Polymer Chemistry – I 100

5. Spectroscopy 100

6. Practical I – Inorganic Chemistry – I 100

7. Practical II – Organic Chemistry – I 100

8. Practical III – Physical Chemistry – I 100

II YEAR

9. Organic Chemistry – II 100

10. Inorganic Chemistry - II 100

11. Physical Chemistry – II 100

12. General Chemistry – II 100

13. Analytical 100

14. Practical IV – Inorganic Chemistry – II 100

15. Practical V – Organic Chemistry – II 100

16. Practical VI – Physical Chemistry - II 100

IST

- YEAR

Paper – 1

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I

UNIT – I

Electron displacements : Inductive and Field effects – mesomeric and hyper conjugative

effects – steric inhibition and steric enhancement of resonance. Organic acids and bases –

Bronsted and Lewis concepts, influence of inductive, mesomeric and steric effects on strengths

of acids and bases.

Organic Reaction Mechanisms: Classification of organic reactions – General methods of

investigating reaction mechanism – kinetic and non-kinetic methods, kinetic and thermo dynamic

control – principle microscopic reversibility.

UNIT – II

Optical isomerism : chirality – asymmetry – dissymmetry – homotopic – enantiotopic

disasterotopic hydrogens – optical isomerism of compounds containing one and more than one

asymmetric carbon atoms – projection formula – configuration R.S. notatin of absolute

configuration optical isomerism of Nitrogen and Sulphur compounds, allenes, spirances and

diphenyls – dissymmetric over crowed molecules – resolution – recemisation Walden inversion –

asymmetric synthesis Cram’s rule – Prelong’s rule – asymmetric transformation. Geometrical

isomerism in carbon – carbon double bond and carbon – nitrogen double bond – E,Z notations –

determination of configuration of geometrical isomers.

UNIT – III

Aromaticity : Hukel’s rule and MO approach to aromaticity in various carbocyclic

systems and charged species – non-aromatic and anti-aromatic systems – absorption spectra and

induced ring current.

Chemistry of cycolopenium cation cyclopentadienyl anion – cycloheptatrienium cation to

tropylium cation – annulenes – fulvenes – ferrocene. Organic Reactive Intermediates. Free

radicals – formation, structure, detection, stability and reactions. Formation , structure, reactions

and stability of carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and non-classical

carbocations.

UNIT – IV

Organic Photo-chemistry : Photochemical reactions of saturated ketones – Norish type I

and II reactions – photoreduction – paterno Buchi reaction – reaction of α ,β –unsaturated

ketones – Isomerisation – photo rearrangement of cycle hexiedone. Photochemistry of simple

alkenes cis-trans isomerisation – photochemical oxidations – oxidative coupling – Barton

reaction.

Conformational Analysis :

Conformation in open chain system energy consideration – conformation of cylohexane

and its mono, disubstituted derivatives. Effect of conformation on reactivity in acyclic

compounds and cyclohexane derivatives.

UNIT – V

Alkolaids and Terpeniods : General methods of structural elucidation and biosynthesis of

alkialoids and terpenoids. Structure and synthesis of alkaloids atropine – terpenoids –

Zingiberene. Carbohydrates and Polymers. Structure, configuration and conformation of sucrose,

maltose, starch and cellulose. Synthetic polymers – addition polymers – stereochemistry of

polymers – stereochemical control of ploymerisatiion – Zeigler – Natta catalyst.

Text Books and References:

1. Ferguson, The Modern Structural Theory of Organic Chemistry.

2. I.L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, Vol I and II, ELBS.

3. Pelletier (Ed.) Chemistry of Carbohydrates.

4. Gulhrine and J.Honeyman, An Inroduction to the chemistry of Carbohydrates.

5. P.J. Garrat, Aromaticity.

6. E.L. Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata McGraw Hill – 1962.

7. Coxon and Halton, Organic Photochemistry.

8. w. Billmeyer, A Text Book of Ploymer Science, Willey – Inter-Science, 1984.

9. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry – Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure,

Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill International Book Company, 1995.

Paper – 2

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I

UNIT – I

Plank’s Quantum theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty Principle, Operator and

observables – postulates of Quantum Mechanics – Schrodinger equation – interpretation of Wave

function and expectation (eigen) values. Orthogonality and Normalisation of wave function –

principle of super position. Application of Schrodinger wave equation to particle in one

dimenstional box – three dimensional box.

UNIT – II

Schrodinger equation for hydrogenation, separation of variables, phi-equation, theta

equation and radial equation, total wave function, quantum numbers and their significance,

shapes of atomic orbitals, Electron spin and Pauli exclusion principle, poly

electronic atoms, Inter electron repulsion and its consequences. Energy levels in poly electronic

atoms, R-S coupling, spin-orbit coupling, J-J coupling, Microstates and their classification, Term

symbols.

UNIT – III

Nature of covalent bond, valence bond Method, concept of resonance and bybridization

and bond angles, application to simple molecules, molecular orbital theory, Geometrics of the

orbitals, symmetry and anti-symmetry of molecular orbitals, construction of molecular orbitals in

diatomic molecules molecular orbitals in polar molecules. Ionic bonding, Lattice energy, Born

equation and its derivation radius ratio rules, structures of some ionic crystals (Sodium Cholride,

Cesium Chloride, Rutile, Wurtzite, Flourite)., hydrogen bonding.

UNIT – IV

Co-ordination chemistry of transition Metal ions. Introduction – nomenclature – stability

constrains of complex and their determination (pH metric and spectrophotometric methods).

Factors influencing stability. Stabilization of unusual oxidation states. Stereoisomerism of co-

ordination complexes – absolute configuration of complexes – streoseletivity of the

conformation f chelate rings.

UNIT – V

Bonding in complex : metal – ligand bond – V.B. theory and its limitations – crystal field

theory – splitting of d-orbitals, CFSE evidence for CFSE. Factor affecting splitting,

petrochemical series, site preference, Limitations of CFT, ligand theory, M.O. theory sigma and

pi-bonding in complexes. Spectural and magnetic properties of complexes/ Term states for a

d-ions in octahedral complexes. Characteristic of d-d transitions. Energy level diagrams of

orgal, sugano Taunable – weak field and strong field concepts. Jahn Teller distortion,

Nephelauxetic effect, Magnetism : dia, para magnetism, spin only moments of dn-systems.

Text Book and Eeference :

1. A.K. Chandra, Inroductory Quantum Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997.

2. R.K. Prasad, Quantum Chemistry, New Age International, 1993.

3. B.K. Sen, Quantum chemistry, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 1999.

4. E.A.V. Ebsworth, S.rankine and S.Craddock, ELBS, 1991.

5. M.C.Day and J.Selbin, Teoretical Inorganic Chemistry.

6. J.E. Hublee, Inorganic Chemistry, Addison Wesley, 1993.

7. B.E. Darglas, D.H. Mc Daniel and Alexander, Concepts and Models of Inorganic.

8. F.A. Cotton and G.Wilkinson, advanced Inorganic Chemistry, wiley-Eastern, 1998.

9. L.Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 1961.

10. S.F.A. Kettle, Co-ordination compounds.

11. D. Bannerjea, Co-ordination Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, 1993.

12. Figgis, Introduction to Ligand Field Theory. Wiley-Eastern, 1976.

Paper – 3

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – I

UNIT – I

Thermodynamics : Calculation of adiabatic flame temperature, Maxwell’s relations,

thermodynamic equations of state, thermodynamics of open systems, partial molal quantities,

chemical potential, Gibb’s – Duhem equation, variation of chemical potential with temperature

and pressure, third law of themodynamics. Nernst heat theorem, Chemical equlilibrium Van’t

Hoff reaction isotherm, standard free energy change of reactions, variation of equilibrium

constant with temperature and pressure.

UNIT – II

Spectroscopy : Origin of molecular spectra, rotational spectra rigid rotator, vibrational,

rotational spectra Harmonic oscillator, Fundamentals and overtones, force constant, electronic

soectra of diatmoc molecules, Frank-condon principle, transition proability, potential energy

curves and their applications. Raman spectra, polarization and polarizability selection rules.

UNIT – III

Group Theory : symmetry operations point groups, identification of point group,

reducible and irreducible representation, orthogonability theorem. Construction of C2V and C3V

character tables, symmetry selection rules for I.R. and Raman spectra, procedure for determining

symmetry of normal modes of vibration hybrid orbitals in non-linear molecules BF3 , PCI5 , CH4 ,

NH6 .

UNIT – IV

Solid State Chemistry : Dislocation in solids, Schotty and Frenkel defects, F-centre,

electrical properties : Insulators, semiconductors, conductors, super conductors, Band theory of

solids, conducting polymers, liquid crystals, fullerences.

UNIT – V

Potential energy surface – absolute reaction rate theory, ARRT in thermodynamic terms.

Significance of entropy and volume of activiation. Ionic reaction – salt effect – Kinetic isotopic

effect. Fast reactions – stopped flow technique method – Laser flash photolysis, magnetic

resonance method. Acid – base catalysis – Bronsted relation – enzyme catalysis – Heterogeneous

catalysis : Langmuir – Hinshewood and Ridel – Elay mechanisms.

Text Book and Reference :

1. K.J. Laidlet, Chemical Kinetics, Tata McGraw Hill, 1973.

2. Agarwal, Basic chemical Kinetic, Tata McGraw Hill, 1990.

3. S. Glasstone, An Introduction to Electrochemistry Affiliated, East-West Press, 1971.

4. F.A. Cotton, Chemical Application of Group Theory, Wiley Eastern, 1971.

5. S. Glasstone, Text book of Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill, 1956.

6. W.J. Moore, Basic Physical Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 1986.

7. K.V. Raman, Group Theory and its Application to Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, 1993.

8. C.N. Banwell, Fundamental of Molecular Spectroscopy, Tata McGraw Hill, 1983.

9. G. Glasstone, Thermodynamics for Chemists, Affiliated East Press, 1947.

10. Gupta, Statistical Thermodynamics, Wiley Eastern, 1986.

11. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriakose, Thermodynamics for students of chemistry, shoban Lal

Nagin Chand, 1986.

Text Book and Reference :

1. Text Book of Polymer Science, F.W. Billmeyer Jr. Wiley.

2. Polymer Science, V.R. Gowarker, N.V. Viswanathan and J. Sreedhar, wiley – Eastern

3. Functional Monomers and Ploymers, K.Takemot, Y.Inaki and R.M. Ottanbrite.

4. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, H.R.Alcock and F.W. Lamber, Prentice Hall.

5. Physics and Chemistry of Polymers, J.M.G. Cowic, Blackie Academic and Professiional.

Paper – 4

POLYMER CHEMISTRY

UNIT – I

Basic concepts : Moonomoer, repeat units, degree of Polymerization, Linear, branched

and network Polymers. Condensation Polymerization. Additioin polymerization : Free radical,

cationic and anionic polymerization conditions. Polymerization in homogeneous and

heterogeneous systems.

UNIT – II

Co-ordinatiion Polymerziation : Kinetics, mono and bimetallic mechanism of co-

ordination polymers.. Co-polymerization : Block and graft co-polymers, Kinetics of

copolymerization. Types of co-operization. Evaluation of monomer. Reactivity ratio. Rate of

Co-polymerization.

UNIT – III

Molecular weight and properties of polymers : Polydispersion – average molecular

weight concept, number, weight and viscosity average molecular weights. Measurement of

molecular weights. Gel permeation chromatography, viscosity, light scattering, osmotic and

ultracentrifugation methods. Polymet structure and physical properties – crystalline melting

point Tm . The glass transition temperature. Determination of Tg . Relationship between Tm and

Tg .

UNIT – IV

Polymer Processing : Plastics, elastomers and fibers. Compounding processing

techniques : calendaring, die casting, rotational casting, film casting, injection moulding

extrusion moulding, thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing and fibre spinning.

UNIT – V

Properties of Commercial Polymers : Polyethylene, polyvinyl chlorides, polyesters,

phenolic resins, epoxy resins and silicone polymers. Functional polymers – Fire retarding

polymers and electrically conducting polymers. Biomedical polymers – contact lens, dental

polymers, artificial heart, kidney, skin and blood cells.

Paper – 5

SPECTROSCOPY

UNIT – I

UV and IR Spectroscopy : Ultraviolet – visible spectroscopy – types of electronic

transitions – chromophores and auxochroms – factors influencing position and intensity of

absorption bands – absorption spectra of dienes, ployenes and α , β – unsatured carbony 1

compounds – woodward – fieser rules.

IR Spectroscopy – vinrational frequencies and factors affecting them – identification of

functional groups – intra and inter molecular hydrogen bonding – finger print reion – far IT

region – metal ligand stretching vibrations.

UNIT – II

1H NMR Spectra : Nuclear spin – magnetic moments of a nucles – nuclear spin energy

levels in the presence of magnetic fields, basic principles of NMR experiments – CW and FT

NMR – 1H NMR chemical shift and coupling constants – factors influencing proton chemical

shifts and vicinal proton – proton coupling constants.

UNIT – III

13

C NMR and Two dimensional NMR Spectroscopy : 13

C NMR – prtoton decoupled and

off-resonance – 13

C NMR spectra – factors affecting 13

C chemical shifts – 13

C NMR spectra of

simple organic molecules – use of INEPT and DEPT methods in assigning 13

C signals. Basic

principles of two dimensional NMR spectroscopy – HOMOCOSY, HETCOSY, NOESY.

UNIT – IV

Principles – Measurement techniques (EI, CI, FD FAB, SIMS) – Presentation of spectra

data – molecular ions – isotope ions – fragment ions of odd and even electron types –

rearrangement ions – factors affecting fragmentation patterns – Mc.Lafferty rearrangement.

UNIT – V

Identification of organic compounds using UV, IR, NMR spectroscopy and mass

spectrometry – problems.

PRACTICALS

Practical – 1

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I

1. Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis involves the analysis of a mixture containing four cations.

2. Colorimetric estimations.

a. Estimation of Iron.

b. Estimation of Nickel

c. Estimation of Copper.

Practical – 2

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I

1. Preparation of p-Bromoacetanilide

2. Preparation of p-Bromoaniline

3. Preparation of Benzoin

4. Preparation of Nenzil

5. Preparation of S-Benzyl-iso-Thiruonium chloride

6. Preparation of Benzpinacol

Organic Mixture Analysis

Analysis if organic mixture contain two components including separation.

Practical – 3

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – I

Partition of Co-efficient

1. Determination of partition coefficient of iodine between corbon tetracholoride and water.

2. Determination of equilibrium constant for the reaction I2 + I3

3. Estimation of I ions from a knowledge of the equilibrium constant of the above reaction.

Conductivity Measurements

4. Determination of cell constant of a conductivity cell.

5. A study of variation of equivalent conductance of a strong electrolyte with concentration.

6. Determination of dissociation constant of a weak acid.

7. Conductometric Titrations :

a. Mixture of HCL and acetic acid Vs NaOH.

b. Ammonium chloride Vs NaOH.

c. A solution containing Ba2+ ions Vs a solution containing SO42- .

Phase Rule

8. Construction of phase diagram for diphenyl-naphthalene system.

9. Determination of composition of a mixture of diphenyl and naphthalene.

Determination Of Molecular weights

10. Determination of molecular weight by cryoscopic method using benzene as solvent.

11. Determination of molecular weight by cryocopic method using water as solvent.

12. Determination of molecular weights by Rast’s Method.

IIND

– YEAR

Paper – 6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II

UNIT – I

ADDITION TO CARBON-CARBON MULTIPLE BONDS

Electrophic and nuclcophilic additions, addition to conjugated systems, orientation and

reactivity, addition of halogen and nitrosyl chloride to olefins, hydration of olefins and

acetylenes, hydroboration, hydroxylation epoxydation, Michael addition, 1,3 diploar addition,

carbenes and their additions, Diels-alder reactions.

UNIT – II

ADDITION TO CARBON-HETRO ATOM MULTIPLE BONDS

Mechanism and reactivity. Mannich, Stoobe, Darzen Glycidic eater condensation,

Bensoin condensation, Peterson olefination (silyl Witting reaction). Strecker synthesis. Witting.

Witting-Horner, Perkin, Thorpe, Ritter, Prins reactions.

UNIT – III

ELIMINATION REACTIONS

E1, E2, E1cB mechanisms, Orientation of the double bond, Hofmann and Saytzeff rule,

competition between climination and subsitutation, dehydration and dehydrohaloganation

reactions, stereochemistry of E2 eliminatiions in cyclohexane ring systems, mechanism of

pyrolytic eliminations. Chugaev reaction and Cope elimination.

UNIT – IV

MOLECULAR REARRANGEMENTS

A detailed study of the mechanism of the following rearrangements : Nucleophilic,

Electrophilic and Freeradical rearrangements – memory effects, Migratory aptitudes, Pinacol-

Pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwin, Demyanov, Dienone-phenol, Favorski, Baeyer-Villiger, Wolff,

Stevens and Von-richter (a few examples in each rearrangement are to be studied),

rearrangements involving nitrenes – Hofmann, Curtius, Lossen, and Beckmann.

UNIT – V

IXIDATION AND REDUCTION

Study of the following oxidation reactions with mechanism: Oxidation of alcohols by

CrO3, DMSO alone, DMSO in combination with DC; acetic anhydride and oxalyl chloride,

oxidation of arylmethane, oxidation of methylene alpha to carbonyl, allylic oxidation of olefins,

oxidative cleavage of glycols, oxidative cleavage of double by ozonolysis.

Study of the following reduction reactions with mechanism : Reduction of carbonyl

compounds by hydrides, selectivity in reduction of 4-ter-butyl cyclohexanone using selectrides,

Clemmensen and Wolff Kishner reductions, Birch reduction, MPV reduction.

Text Books :

1. Advanced Organic Chemistry – Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure. Fourth Edition,

Herry March, John wiley & Sons (1992).

2. Organic Chemistry, Francis A. Carey, Third Edition, The McGraw_Hill Companies,Inc.

3. Organic Chemistry , Hendrickson, Cram and Hammond, Thord Edition, McGraw Hill

Book Company.

4. Organic Reactions and Mechanisms, P.S. Kalsi, Second Edition, New Age International

Publishers.

5. Stereochmeistry of Carbon Compounds, Ernest L. elite, T.M.H. edition, Tata McGraw

Hill Publishing Company.

6. Stereochmestry – Conformation and mechanism, P.S. Kalsi, Wiley Eastern Limited.

7. Stereochmestry and mechanism through solved problems, P. S. kalsi, Second Edition,

New Age International Publishers.

8. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, D. Nasipuri, New Age Inernational Publishers.

9. Reaction Mechanism in Oraganic chemistry, S.M.Mukerherji and S.P. Singh, Macmillan.

10. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prestice-Hall.

11. Principles of Organic synthesis, R.O.C. Norman, Second Edition, Chapman and Hall.

12. Organic Reaction Mechanism S.M. Mukherji and S.P.singh, Macmillan India.

13. Physical Organic Chemistry, Neil Issac.

14. Molecular rearrangments, Vol.I, Vol.II, Pane de Mayo.

15. Structure and Mechanism, E.S. Gould.

Paper – 7

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II

UNIT – I

CO-ORDINATION CHMISTRY

Crystal field theory, splitting of d-orbitals under various geometries, Factors affecting

splitting, CFSE and evidences for CFSE (Structural and thermodynamic effects).

Spectrochemical series, Jahn,Teller distortion, site preferences, limitations of CFT. Evidence for

metal-ligand overlap. M.O. theory and energy level diagrams, concept of weak and strong fields,

sigma and pi bonding in complex, nephelauxetic effect, magnetic properties of complexes.

UNIT – II

ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF COMPLEXES

Term symbols for dn ions, characteristics of d-d transitions and selection rules, weak and

strong field limits, Energy level diagrams. Orgal and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, effect of

distortion and spin orbital coupling on spectra.

Evaluation of Dq and B value for octahedral complexes of Nickel, Charge transfer spectra.

UNIT – III

SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY

Structure of Solids, comparison of x-ray, neutron and electron diffraction, Structure of

NiAs, Cdl2, pervoskite, spinels and inverse spinels, defects in solids, point defects, line effects

and surface defects, non-stoichiometric compounds, Use of x-ray powder data in identifying

inorganic crystalline solids, details for cubic systems.

UNIT – IV

PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

Electrical properties of solids, Band Theory, Semiconductor, super conductor, solid state

electrolytes. Magnetic properties, dia, para, ferro, antiferro and ferrimagnetism, hysterisis,

ferrites, garnets. Optical properties, solid state lasers and Inorganic phosphors. Reactions in solid

state and phase transitions, diffusion diffusion co-efficient, diffusion mechanism, vacancy and

interstitial diffusions, formation of spinels. Solid solution, order-disorder transformations and

super structure.

UNIT – V

ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES

Chromatography : Gas, liquid chromatography, principle, retention volumes, carrier gas,

columns, preparations, stationary phase, detectors, thermal conductivity, ionization, electron

capture applications of GLC.

High performance liquid chromatography : scope, column efficiency, instrumentation, pumping

systems, columns, column packing detectors, applications.

Text Books :

1. Inorganic Chemistry, K.F. Purceell and J.C. Kotz. WB Saunders Co., U.S.A (1977)

2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huheey, Harper and Collins, NY, Fourth Edition (1993)

3. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry – A Comprehensive Text, F.A, Cotton and

G.W.wilkinson, John Wiley & sons (1988)

4. B.E. Douglas, D.H Mc Daniels and Alexander, Concepts and Models of Inorganic

Chemistry, Oxford IBH (1983)

5. W.U.Malik, G.D. Tuli, R.D, Madan, Selected topics in Inorganic Chemistry, S.Chand &

Co., New Delhi (1992)

6. A.R. West, Basic Solid State Chmeistry, John Wiley (1991)

7. W.E. Addison, Structural Principles Principles in Inorganic chemistry, Longman (1961)

8. D.M. Adams, Inorganic solids, John Wiley Sons (1974)

9. Principles of Instrument Methods of Analysis – D.A. Skooig, Sauuders college Publ. III

Edition (1985)

10. Indtrumental Methods of Analysis, Willard Merrit, Deace and settle, CBS Publ. VI

Edition 1986.

11. Text Books of Qualitative Inorganic Analysis – A.1. Vogel, ELBS III edition, 1986.

12. Fundamentals ofanalytical Chemistry, D.A. skoog and D.M. West Holt Reihhart &

Winston Publication, IV Edition, 1982.

Reference:

1. Instrumental Analysis, G.D. Christian & J.E.O. Reily, Allegan Becon II Editiion, 1986.

2. Chemical Instrumentation, H.A., Strobel Addison – Wesley Publ. Co. 1976.

3. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Klthoff and Goning (all series)

4. Comphrehensive Analytical Chemistry, Wilson and Wilson Series.

5. Principles of Polarrgraphy, R.C. Kappor and B.S. Agarwal, Wiley Eastern Ltd, Ms 1991.

6. S.F.A. Kettle, Co-ordination Chemistry, ELBS (1973)

7. B.N. Figgis, Introduction to Ligand Fields Interscience. (1996)

8. M.N. Hughes, The Inorganic chemistry of Biological processes, Wiley London (1982).

II Edition.

9. D.Nocholas, Complexes of first row transition elements, (1974)

10. D.F. Shrivers, P.W. Atkins, CII Langford, Inorganic Chemistry, OUP (1990)

11. M.C. Day and J.Selbin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Van Nostrand Co., N.Y. (1974)

12. G.S. Manku, Inorganic Chemistry, TMH (1984)

13. A.F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford, V Edition (1984)

14. R. West, solid State Chemistry, John Wiley (1990)

Paper – 8

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – II

UNIT –I

CHEMICAL KINTEICS – II

1.1 Catalysis by enzymes, kinetics of single substrate enzyme catalyzed reactions, effect of

substrate concentration. PH and temperature of enzyme catalyzed reactions, inhibition of

enzyme catalyzed reactions.

1.2 Kinetics of complex reactions, reversible reactions, consecutive reactions, parallel reactions

chain reactions, general treatment of chain reaction, chain length, Rice Herzfed mechanism,

explosion limits.

UNIT – II

2.1 STUDY OF KINETICS OF SURFACE REACTIONS

Physical and Chemical absorption, adsorption , isotherms, types of adsorption isotherms,

Longmuir adsorption isotherm. BET theory for multilayer adsorption, application of

transition state theory to adsorption, measurement of surface area, catalysis by metals and

semiconductor oxides. Mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, the adsorption

coefficient and its significance

2.2 Study of fast reactions

Relaxation methods, temperature and pressure jump methods, stopped flow and flash

photolysis methods.

UNIT – III

THERMODYNAMICS – II

3.1 Objectives of statistical thermodynamics, concept of thermodynamic and mathematical

probabilities, distribution of distinguishable and indistinguishable particles. Maxwell-

Boltzmann, Fermi_dirac, Bose-Einstein statistics, comparison and applications, modes of

contribution to energy, radiation law.

3.2 Partition function, evaluation of translational vibrational and rotational partition functions for

mono, diatomic and polyatomic idealgases, thermodynamic functions in terms of partition

functions, calculation of equilibrium constants from partition functions (isotope exchange

and dissociation of diatomic molecules), application of partition functions to heat capacities

of ideal gases, heat capacity of solids (Eisnstein and debye models).

UNIT – IV

Experiment results of black body radiation – photo effect , Compton effect, quantum

mechanical postulates, the schordinger equation – the particle in a box (one, two and three

dimensional systems), the harmonic oscillator.

UNIT – V

Wave particle duality – de Brogile equation, uncertainty principle. Schrodinger equation

for the rigid rotator, the hydrogen atom – setting up the Schrodinger, arriving solution for energy

and wave functions. The origin of quantum numbers and their physical significance.

Text Books :

1. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical transformations, J. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriacose,

MacMillan India Ltd., (1993)

2. Chemical Kinetics, K.J. Laidlar, Harper and Row, New York (1987)

3. Statistical Thermodynamics, M.C. Gupta, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi (1990)

4. Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible process, I. Progogine, Interscience, New

York (1961)

5. Quantum Chemistry, D.A. McQuarrie, University Science Books, Mill Valley, California

(1983)

Reference:

1. R.G. Frost and Pearson, Kinetics and Mechanism, Wiley, New York., 1961

2. W.J. Moore and R.G.Pearson, Kinetics and Mechnaism 1981

3. C.Capellos and B.H.J.Bielski, Kinetics, Wiley Interscience, New York 1972

4. I Amdur and G.G. Hammes, Chemical Kinetics, Principles and selected topics, McGraw

Hill, New York 1968

5. G.M. Harris, Chemical Kinetics, D.C. Heath and Co., 1966.

Paper – 9

PHOTOCHEMISTY AND GROUP THEORY

UNIT – I

INORGANIC PHOTO CHEMISTRY

Photo substitution, Photo rector and isomerization process, application ofmetal

complexes in solar energy conversion. Photo voltaic and photogalvanic ells, photo electro

chemical cell, photo assisted electrolysis of water, aspects of solar energy conversion.

UNIT – II

ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY

Fundamental concepts – Jablonski diagram – energy transfer characteristics of photo

reactions, Photo reduction and photo oxidation and Photo reactions of carbonyl compounds,

Norrish Type I and type-II reactions, Photo chemistry of alkenes, dienes and aromatic

compounds – reactions of unactivated centres – Photolytic cyllo – additions and photolytic

rearrangements – Photo sensitsation – Photo addition – Barton reactions – Paterno – Buchi

reaction.

UNIT – III

Absorption and emission of radiation, franok – Condon Principle, decay of electronically

excited states, radioactive and non-radioactive processes, fluorescene and phosphorescene,

Spin forbidden, radioactive transistion, internal conversion and inyter system crossing,

energy transfer Process, eximers and exciplexes, static and dynamic cuenching, sytern

volmer analysis Experimental methods, quantum yields and life time measurements, steadu

state quantum yield and chemical actinometry, Photophysical process and Kinetics of

Photochemical reactions, Photo redox, reactions, photo substitution reactions, photo

sensitized reactions, photo isomerisation.

UNIT – IV

GROUP THEORY – I

Symmetry elements and symmetry operation, point groups, identification and

determination, comparison of molecular symmetry with crystallographic symmetry, reducible

and irreducible representations, direct product representation, orthogonality theorm and its

consequences, character tables.

UNIT – V

GROUP THEORY – II

Hybrid orbitals in non-linear molecules (examples BF3, CH4, XeF4, Pcl5 and SF6),

determination of representations of vibrational modes in – non-linear molecules such as H2O,

CH4, XeF4, SF6 and NH3, Symmetry. Selection rules for infra red and Raman Spectra,

Electronic Spectra of formaldehyde, application of group theory.

Text Books:

1. F.A. Cotton, Chemical Applicatin of Group theory, 2nd

ed, Wiley Eastern (1971).

2. Inorganic Photochemistry, A.W. Adamson.

3. Horspool, Aspects of organic photo chemistry, Academic Press, 1976.

4. K.K. Rahatgi – Mukherjee, Fundamentals, of Photo chemistry, Wiley Eastern, 1978.

5. N.H. turro, Molecular Photo Chemsitry, W.A. Benjamin. Reading, 1965.

Paper – 10

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

UNIT – I

Gravimetic Analysis:

Formation and treatment of precipitates: co-precipitation, post precipitation and

absorption phenomena – Homogeneous precipitation –making – Specific and Selective

precipitations.

Volumetric Analysis:

Theory and principles of acid base redox complexometric and precipitation titrations –

Titrations in non-aqueous solvents Equilibria in solutions of mono and polyprotic acids – Amino

acid titrations.

Treatments of Analytical Data:

Nature of quantitative measurements and treatment of data accuracy and precision – types

of errors – Significant figures – mean and standard deviation - rejection of data – comparison of

results – F and T tests – regression and correlation.

UNIT – II

Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Instrumentation: Instrumentation in Uv, IR, Raman, NMR

and EPR Spectral Methods.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Principles and applications.

UNIT – III

Electro Analytical Methods:

Principles and applications of potentiometry, Conductometry, electro gravimetry, coulmetry,

polarography and cyclic voltametry – amperometric titrations.

Thermal Methods:

Principles and applications of thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis.

UNIT – IV

Chromato Graphic Methods of Analysis:

Theory of chromatography – Distribution equilibria –rate of travel – retention time –

retention volume – relative retention – Plate theory – rate theory – resolution.

Principles of column, paper, vapor, Thine layer and ion exchange chromatrographic

methods – Examples for separation and purification using the above methods – Zone

electrophoresis and highperformance liquid chromatography.

UNIT – V

Electronics:

Electrical fundamentals, Resistance – Capacitance – inductance impedance – resonance –

Electrical circuits – Filters – Semi conductors – devices – Diodes – Transistors – Operational

amplifiers – rectifiers – circuits for polarography, coulometry and potentiometry – chemical

instrumentation – origin and type of noise optimization of signal to noise ratio.

Computer Programming:

Input and output statements, Transfer and control statements, programming in BASIC

only for calculation of equilibrium constants, PH of buffer, Potentio metric titrations and

Standard deviation.

Ms Word, Ms-Excel and Internet usage, Ms Power point.

Text Books:

1. Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS, A.I. VOGEL.

2. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Willard, Merit, Dean and Settle, CBS Puhlishers and

Distributors, V1. Edn, 1986.

3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, D.A. Skog and D.M. West Sounders College, Pub.

Co, III ed, 1985.

4. E. Balagurusamy, Programming Inc., TMH New Delhi.

Reference:

1. Analytical Chemistry, J.G. Dick, McGraw Hill, Publishers, 1974.

2. Electronic Principles, Albert Paul, Mahino, TMH Publishers, III edn, 1984.

3. Galen W. Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, V Edn. McGrass Hill,

N.Y, 1985.

Practical – 4

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL – II

Part – I

Semimicro qualitative analysis of mixtures containing two common and two rae cations.

The following are the care to be included : W, TI, Mo, Tc, Sc, Cc, Th, Be, Zr, V, U and Li.

Part – II

a. Colorimetric analysis : Visual and photometric : determination of iron, nicket, manganese

and copper.

b. Preparation of the following :

i. Potassium trioxalatoaluminate (III) trihudrate

ii. Tristhioureacopper (I) chloride

iii. Potassium trioxalatochromate (III) trihydrate

iv. Sodium bis (thiosulphato) cuprate (I)

v. Tetramminecopper (II) sulphate

vi. Potassium Tetrachlorocuprate (II)

c. Separation of mixture of two metal ions by paper chromatography.

Practical – 5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL – II

1. Identification of components in a two component mixture and preparation of their

derivatives. Determination of boiling point/melting point for components and melting point

for their derivatives.

II. Preparation :

1. Beta naphtyl methl ether form beta naphthol

2. S- Benzyl isothiuronium chloride from benzyclhroide

3. Beta glucose penta acetate from glucose

4. Ortho-Benzoyl benzoic acid from phthalic anhydride

5. Resacetophenone from resorcinol

6. Para-Nitrobenzoic acid from para nitrotolune

7. Meta-Nitroanilline from meta dinitrobenzene

8. Methyl orange from sulphanillic acid

9. Anthraquinone from antracene

10. Benzyhydrol from benophenone

Reference: Laboratory manual of organic chemistry – B.B. Dey, M.V. Sitaraman

Practical – 6

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL – II

Experiments in chemical kinetics, phase rule, chemical equilibrium and Conductivity

measurements:

DETAILED OF EXPERIMENTS: Typical list of possible experiments are given.

Experiments of similar nature and other experiments may also be given. The list given is only a

guideline. A minimum of 15 experiments have to be performed in a year.

1. Study the kinetics of acid hydrolysis of an ester, determination of the temperature

coefficient of the reaction and determination of the activation energy of the hydrolysis of

ethylacetate.

2. Study the kinetics of the reaction between acetone and iodine in acidic medium by half

life method and determine the order with respect to iodine and acetone.

3. Study of the saponification of ethylacetate by sodium hydroxide conductometrically and

determine the order of the reaction.

4. Determination of dissociation of ethylacetate by sodium hydroxide conductomertically

and determine the order the reaction.

5. Study the phase diagram for m-toluidine and glycerin system.

6. Construction of phase diagram for a simple binary system (naphthalene-phenanthrene and

benzophenone-diphenylamine).

7. Construction of the phase diagram of the three component of partially immiscible liquid

systems (DMSO-Water-Benzene; Water-Benzene-Acetic acid; Ethyl alcohol-Benzene-

Water; Acetone-Chloroform-Water; Chloroform-Acetic acid-Water).

8. Determination of the equilibrium constant of the reaction between iodine and partition

method.

9. Determination of equivalent conductance of a weak acid at different concentrations and

verify Ostwald’s dilution law and calculation of the dissociation constant of the acid.

10. Determination of equivelant conductivity of a strong electrolyte at different

concentrations and examine the validity of the Onsagar’s theory as limiting law at high

dilutions.

11. Conductometric titrations of a mixture of HCL and CH3COOH against Sodium

hydroxide.

12. Compare the relative strength of acetic acid and monochloroacetic acid by conductivity

method.

M.Sc. BOTANY

FIRST YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Algae, Fungi and Bryophytes 100 3

2 General Microbiology and Biochemistry 100 3

3 Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and

paleobotany 100 3

4 Cytology, Genetics, Eolution and Plant

breeding 100 3

5 Anatomy, Embryology and Biostatistics 100 3

Practical 1 Paper I & II 100 6

Practical 2 Paper III, IV & V 100 6

SECOND YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Angiosperms Morphology, Taxonomy and

Medicinal Plants 100 3

2 Biotechnology 100 3

3 Plant Physiology, Ecology and

Phytogeography 100 3

4 Biological techniques and Instrumentation 100 3

Practical 3 Paper VI & VII 100 6

Practical 4 Paper VIII & IX 100 6

Project Work 200 -

FIRST YEAR

Paper – 1

ALGAE, FUNGI & BRYOPHYTES

ALGAE

UNIT – I

1. Comparative survey of important systems of classification of algae – Modern trends –

Diagnostic features of algal phyla – range of thallus - Life history patterns.

2. Comparative account of algal pigments – Ultra structure of algal cell and functions of

flagella, chloroplast, pyrenoids and eyespots - their biological importance.

UNIT – II

Study of Cyanophyte, Chlorophyte, Xanthophyte, Bacillariophyte Phaeophyte with

reference to the following genera,

1) Anabaena.

2) Gonia.

3) Chlorella.

4) Balbochaete.

5) Patrydiumm.

6) Naviculla.

7) Padina.

8) Liagora.

UNIT – III

Distribution of algae, in soil, fresh water and in marine environment. Role of algae in

soil fertility, in fisheries - Algae in polluted habitats – algae as indicators of pollutions, algal

blooms - Economic importance.

FUNGI

UNIT – IV

1. Recent trends in the classification of fungi – General Characters – Morphological

variations – Reproduction – Asexual and sexual reproduction.

2. Comparative study of the following sub-divisions.

a. Myxomycotina - Plasmodiophora.

b. Mastigomycotina – Plasomophora.

c. Ascomycotina – Taphrina.

d. Besidiomycotina – Puccinia, Ustilago, Polyporus.

e. Deutromycotina – Fusarium, Cercospera, Colletrotrichum.

UNIT – V Economic importance of fungi:

1. Beneficial effects – Production of alcohol, Organic aids, Antibiotics, Yeast and

mushroom cultivation – Lichen & Mycorrhiza – types – their application in

agriculture.

2. Harmful effects - Blight of Potato, Tikka disease in ground nut, Smut of sugarcane,

Stem rust of wheat, Blight of Tmoato – in plants.

Dandruff, Ringworm, Athletes foot - in human beings.

BRYOPHYTES

UNIT – VI

Comparative morphological, anatomical and cytological studies of gametophytes and

sporophytes of Calobryals, Jungermaniales, Marchantiales, Takakiales, Sphagnales,

Andreales, and Bryales.

UNIT – VII

1. Experimental studies – Spore germination, Protonemal differentiation, apogamy,

apospory.

2. Alteration of generation, Bryophytes as pollution indicators, horticultural uses and

economic importance.

Reference:

Algae :

1. Smith G.M.. 1955 – Cryptogamic botany Vol.I . T.M. Hill.

2. Govind Prakash 1975. A text book of Algae. Jai Prakash Nath & Co.

3. H.D. Kumar & Singh H.N. 1976. A text book on algae. Affiliated East-West press.

Pvt. Ltd.

4. Venkateshwaralu.V. 1972. Text book of Algae, Maruthi Publishers.

5. Chapmann V.J. and Chapmann. D.J. 1980. Sea weeds and their uses. 3rd

Edition,

Chapmann and Hall, London.

6. Lothan.C.A. Chapman. D.T. and Kramer.B.P. 1988. Experimental phycology. A

Laboratory manual.

Fungi :

1. Alexopoulos C.J. 1962. Introductory mycology. John wiley.

2. Vashista B.R. 1969. Botany for degree students – Part-II Fungi. S-Chand, & Co.

3. Dube H-C. 1978. A text book of fungi, Bacteria, and viruses. Vikas Publishing House

(P) Ltd.

4. Rangasami. G. 1972. Diseases of crop plants in India (Private).

5. Subha Rao, N.S. 1995. Soil micro organisms and plant growth – Oxford & IBH

Publications Co. Pvt. Ltd.

6. Text book of microbiology – Ananthanarayanan R. and Jayaram Panikar. Orient

Longmans, 1986, 3rd

.

7. Mishra a & Agarwal R.P. 1970, Lichens A preliminary text. Oxford &. IBH Publishing

Co.

BRYOPHYTES :

1. Vashishta P.R. (1970) – Text book of Botany – Bryophyta – S.Chand.

2. Pandey . B.D – 1977, A text book of Botany Bryophyta – Pteridophyta and

gymnosperms. K.Nath & Co meerut.

3. Watson. EV. 1967. The structure and life of Bryophytes. Hutchinson University

library.

4. Prem puri – 1973 – Bryophytes – A broad perspective Atmaram & sons.

Paper – 2

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT – I

1. Classification of bacteria – characters of each group – Bacterial anatomy – structure

and functions of cell organelles – Growth – nutrition and reproduction.

2. Staining procedures and cultivation of bacteria – Bio chemical tests for identification –

E-Coli, Azatobacter, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Xahthomonas,

Azospirillum – an outline study.

UNIT – II

1. General characters of Virus - morphology and nature of virus particles - Nomen clature

and classifications of plant viruses - Replication of virus.

2. Transmission of plant viruses and control measures – Phages, Mycophages,

Phycophages and Bacteriophages – viroids, virions and origin of viruses.

UNIT – III Scope and application of microbes in

1. Agriculture – Biofertilizers, Biopesticids, Biological nitrogen fixation.

2. Industry – Bioconvertion of waste products – alcohol, Bio gas.

3. Pollution – Degradation of pesticides and hydro carbon oils.

4. Biotechonology – Importance and application of microbes in genetic engineering.

UNIT – IV

1. Harmful effects of Bacteria & Viruses in Plants – Citrus canker, Blight of Rice, Wilt of

Potato, TMV, TYMV, Bunchy top of banana.

2. Harmful effects of Bacteria & Viruses in Man and Animals – Tetanus, Anthrax,

Bacillary dysentery, AIDS, Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis.

3. General account of immunity – types – properties of antigen and antibodies – types of

vaccines.

BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT – V

1. Carbohydrates – classification, occurrence, structure and functions – monosaccharide,

oligosaccharide and polysaccharide.

2. Lipids – Classification, occurrence, structure and importance. Biosynthesis and β-

oxidation of fatty acids.

3. Amino acids – occurrence, structure and functions – proteins - classification.

4. Enzymes – Classification, mode of action, structure and factors influencing enzyme

activity.

UNIT – VI

1. Mechanism of water absorption in plants – Accent sap, Transpiration – Types, stomatal

opening mechanism and factors affecting transpiration.

2. Cycles of elements. N2 cycle, Biochemistry of symbiotic and Non-symbiotic nitrogen

fixation, sulphur cycle, Phosphorous cycle

3. Plant nutrition – Biological functions of micro and macro nutrients in plants and their

deficiency symptoms.

UNIT – VII

1. Plant growth regulators – Chemistry, Bio synthesis, mode of action of - Auxins,

Gibberllins, Cytokines, Abscicic acid and Ethelene.

2. Bio chemistry of seed dormancy, seed germination, fruit ripening and Senescence.

Reference:

1. Salle A.J. 1974 – Fundamental Principles of bacteriology. TMG Hill.

2. Sistron W.R. 1962. Microbial life – Holt Rinchart Winston.

3. Bio chemistry of Bacterial Growth – Blockwell Oxford.

4. Subba Rao N.S. 1995. Soil micro organism and Plant growth. Oxford & IBH

Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

5. Rangasami G. 1972 – Diseases of crop plants in India – Prentice Hall India Private Ltd.

6. General virology, Lurta – 2nd

Edition John Wiley and Sons, London 1977.

7. Topley & Wilson’s 1995. Principles of Bacteriology virology and immunology

Edward Arnold, London.

8. Ivon Roitt, Essential immunology. Black well Service Oxford.

9. Weir D.M. Steward 5 (1993). Immunology VII edition (ELBS), London.

10. Text Book of Microbiology. Ananthanarayanan R. and Jayaram Paniker. Orient

Longmans. 1986, 3rd

Edn.

Paper – 3

PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND PALAEO BOTANY

PTERIDOPHYTES

UNIT – I

General Characters and classification of Pteridophytes – Life cycle – alteration of

generation – colonization – terrestrial environment, Telome concept.

UNIT – II

Comparative organography, Systematics, Reproduction and Phylogeny of the following

:Psilophytes.

1. Rhyniales.

2. Psilotales.

3. Lycopodiales.

4. Lepidodendrales.

5. Isoetales.

6. Selaginellales.

7. Calamitales.

8. Equisitales.

9. Ophioglossales.

10. Osmundales.

11. Salviniales.

12. Marsiliales.

UNIT – III

1. Evolutionary trends in ferns, Steelar evolution, Sorus evolution, Prothalial evolution –

Polyploidy, Hybridisation.

2. Apomictic life cycle – apogamy, apospory, vegetative apomixis,

GYMNOSPERMS

UNIT – IV

Classification and general characters of Gymnosperms. Morphology and anatomy of

reproductive organs in gymnosperms.

UNIT – V

1. Comparative study of the following orders :

a. Cycadales.

b. Ginkoyales.

c. Coniferales.

d. Taxales.

e. Welwitchiales.

f. Gnetales.

2. Living and fossil gymnosperms in India – Evolution and economic importance of

gymnosperms.

PALEOBOTANY

UNIT – VI

1. Importance of the study of Paleo botany – Fossil and fossilization - kinds of fossils –

compressions casts and molds, petrifactions impressions, coal balls.

2. Geological time scale – era, period, epics, knowledge of computation of age of fossil –

Radio carbon dating.

UNIT – VII

1. Nomenclature of fossil plants.

2. Study of the following fossils :

a. Rhynia.

b. Lepidodendron

c. Stigmaria

d. Lepidocarpon

e. Calamites

f. Botryopteris

g. Williamsonia.

Paper – 4

CYTOLOGY, GENETICS, EVOLUTION AND PLANT BREEDING

UNIT – I

Ultra structure of plant cell – Structure, composition and functions of cell wall and

intracellular organs – Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, E.R. Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes,

Mitochondria, Plastid, Ribosome and Nucleus.

UNIT – II

Structure and organization of chromosomes, - Euchromatin and Heterochromatin –

Giant chromosomes Polytene and Lampbrush chromosomes. Types of cell division, - mitosis

and miosis – stages – significance of mitosis and miosis.

GENETICS

UNIT – III

1. Mendelian genetics – Monohybrid and Dihybrid ratio – allelic and non allelic gene

interactions – Polygenic inheritance – Multiple alleles.

2. Cytogenetics of Polyploids – Trisomics, Monosomics, Nullisomics, - Population

genetics.

UNIT – IV

1. Fine structure of gene – Cistron, recon, mutan, Operan – DNA – Structure, Function &

Replication - RNA – Types, structure and function. Protein synthesis and genetic code.

2. Mutagenesis – Mutation – repair mechanisms – mechanism of DNA repair – molecular

basis of mutation – physical and chemical mutagens.

PLANT BREEDING

UNIT – V

1. Introdcution to plant breeding – objective – scope – methods – in self pollinated, cross

pollinated, vegetatively propagated and apomictic plants. Crop improvement –

selection, hybridization, introduction and acclimatization. Heterosis.

EVOLUTION

UNIT – VI

Evolutionary concepts – origin of life – spontaneous and chemosynthetic evolution of

the living organisms.

UNIT – VII

Variation in nature – analysis of variation – Sources of variation – mutation,

recombination – adaptation and selection.

Evolutionary theories of Lamarck, Charles Darwin and Devries.

Paper – 5

ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS

ANATOMY

UNIT – I

Apical, Lateral and Intercalary meristems – theories of apical organization – Apical

theory, Histogen theory – Tunica corpus theory, Kaper – Kappe theory, Mantle – Core theory –

Quiescent centre theory.

UNIT – II

1. Epidermal tissues – Trichosomes, Stomata – Structure and functions – Primary tissues –

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma.

2. Ontogeny, phylogeny, evolution, ultrastructure and functions of primary and secondary

xylem and phloem – Wood anatomy - Anomalous secondary thickening in monocot &

Dicot stems.

UNIT – III

1. Structural variability in leaves, leaf histogenesis, leaf meristem, origin, - nodal anatomy

– nodal types.

2. Vascular cambium and cark cambium - factors affecting their activity – Periderm –

lenticels, abscission – wound healing.

EMBRYOLOGY

UNIT – IV

1. Gametogenesis in Angiosperms – Microsporogensis – Megasporogensis.

2. Ovule ontogeny – types – Embryo sac, synergid and antipodal haustoria .

3. Polination – factors influencing pollination & barriers.

4. Fertilization – Syngamy, triple fusion, post fertilization and metabolic changes in

embryo sac.

UNIT – V

1. Endosperm – Ultra structure – Types – Cellular, Helobial, Nuclear and Ruminate,

endosperm – endosperm haustoria.

2. Histogenisis and organogenesis of monocot and dicot embryos.

3. Polyembryony – Apomixis – Parthenogenesis .

4. Embryology in plant breeding.

BIOSTATISTICS

UNIT – VI

1. Bio statistics – definition – basic principles – variables – scope and limitations of

statistics.

2. Collection of data, sample, population and sampling techniques – Primary and

secondary data – tabulation and presentation of data.

3. Measures of central tendency – mean – mode – median – geometric mean.

4. Measures of dispersion – Range, Standard deviation – Mean deviation.

UNIT – VII

1. Distribution – Normal, Binomial & Poisson.

2. Hypothesis testing – test of significance – test in large and small sample – t test, F-test

– Chi square test.

3. Correlation and Regression analysis – Similarities and dissimilarities of correlation and

regression.

PRACTICA L – I PRACRICALS COVERED IN PAPER I & II

ALGAE

1. Study of algae mentioned in the theory – identification up to generic level.

2. Preparation of synthetic medium and cultivation of algae.

3. Separation of algal pigments.

4. Study of electron micrograph in some algae in standard publications.

FUNGI

1. Study of the morphological characters and reproductive structures of the genera

mentioned in the theory.

2. Staining procedure for fungi.

3. Isolation of fungi from soil, water, litter and dung.

4. Culture of fungi – slide culture.

5. Study of disease caused by fungi in plants and human beings mentioned in the syllabus.

BRYOPHYTES

1. Morphological and structural study of representative Bryophytes mentioned in the

theory.

2. Study of bryophytes in their natural habitats.

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

1. Preparation of media to isolate bacteria & Actinomycetes,

2. Isolation of bacteria from, soil and sewage, by dilution technique.

3. Staining of bacteria – Gram staining and special stainings for capsule, flagella and

endospore.

4. Identification of important genera by biochemical tests – E. Coli. Pseudomonas,

Staphylococcus, Streptomyces.

5. Isolation of Rhizobium from legume plant.

6. Milk analysis for pathogenic bacteria.

BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Extraction and estimation of starch, lipids and reducing sugars.

2. Estimation of amino acids by ninhydrin.

3. Separation and identification of sugars by paper chromatography.

4. Determination of chlorophyell a, chl b, and total chlophyll.

PRACTICAL – II – PRACTICALS COVERED IN THE PAPERS – III, IV & V

PTERIDOPHYTES

1. Study of morphology and anatomy of vegetative and reproductive tissues and organs

using dissections, macerations, sections and permanent preparations of the following

gerera;

Isoetes, Ophioglossum, Salvinia, Azolla, Psilotum, Locopodium, Equisetum, Marsilia.

2. Study of fossil forms of Pteridophytes.

GYMNOSPERMS

1. Comparative study of the anatomy of vegetative and reproductive pasts of the

gymnosperms included in the theory.

PALEOBOTANY

1. Study of fossil forms (specimens and slides) of the genera listed in the theory part.

CYTOLOGY

1. Smear and squash techniques for study of cell divisions.

2. Differential staining and identification of different cellular components.

3. Practical study of all plant cell organelles from election micrographs and standard

publications.

GENETICS

1.Problmes and exercises connected with the theory.

Evolution & Plant breading

1. Determination of hybridization techniques using potted plants.

ANATOMY

1. Epidermal studies by epidermal peeling.

2. Maceration techniques – Demonstrations only.

3. Study of primary and secondary structure in plants.

4. Study of Anomalous secondary growth.

5. Learning techniques of making temporary and permanent microscopic preparations.

EMBRYOLOGY

1. Preparation of dissected whole mounts of tapetum, ovule, endosperm and embryo.

2. Developmental stages of Anther, Pollen, Ovule, embryo sac, endosperm and embryo.

(Permanent preparations).

BIOSTATISTICS

Problems and exercises connected with Biometry syllabus.

SECOND YEAR

Paper – 6

ANGIOSPERM MORPHOLOGY, TAXONAMY AND MEDICINAL PLANTS

ANGIOSPERM MORPHOLOGY

UNIT – I The plant body:

Root – Types, modification – Stem – modifications – aerial and underground stems. Leaf –

Phyllotaxy, simple and compound leaves – parts of leaves – modifications of leaves.

UNIT – II

Flowers – Infrosence types – parts of flowers and their arrangements. Fruits – types –

simple, aggregate, multiple fruits – fleshy and dry fruits - Dispersal of fruits and seeds –

Germination, types.

TAXONOMY

UNIT – III

Principles of plant classification – importance of classification – Artificial, Natural

phylogenic systems of classification – Hutchinson, Cronquist, Tacktajan, and Thorne.

UNIT – IV

Botanical Nomenclature; History ICBN – Principle, concepts of taxon – attitudes –

practical naming of plants – naming by comparison, naming by means of keys, use of floras for

identification – Author citation.

UNIT – V

Phylogeny of angiosperms – origin, evolution and interrelationships dicots and

monocots; phylogeny of Ranales, Amentiferae, Centrospermae, Tubiflorae and Helobiales.

UNIT – VI

Study of the following families and their economic importance :

1. Rananculaceae.

2. Menisperma laceae.

3. Polygalinae

4. Portulacaceae.

5. Tiliaceae

6. Zygophyllaceae

7. Rhamnaceae

8. Guttiferae

9. Vitaceeae

10. Droseraceae

11. Combrutaceae

12. Onagraceae

13. Cactaceae

14. Aizoaceae

15. Sapotaceae

16. Solvadoraceae

17. Gentianaceae

18. Boraginaceae

19. Cuscutaceae

20. Scruphulariaceae

21. Pedalicceae

22. Nyctaginaceae

23. Polygonacea

24. Aristolochiaceae

25. Loranthaceae

26. Caurinidae

27. Amaryllidaceae

28. Dioscoreaceae

29. Commellinaceae

30. Typhaceae

31. Cyperaceae

32. Archidaceae.

MEDICINAL PLANTS

UNIT – VII

Detailed study of the following plants with reference to distribution part of the plant

used and medicinal value.

1. Aconite

2. Ashwagandha

3. Ginger

4. Rouwolfia.

5. Turmeric

6. Withania

7. Ashoka

8. Catechu

9. Belladona

10. Eucalyptus

11. Clove

12. Black and white pepper.

13. Coriander

14. Cardamom.

Paper – 7

BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – I

Biotechnology – Definition, concepts – History – Achievements and scope. Plant

tissue culture and pollen culture, somatic embryogenesis, callus culture and selection of

mutants – Disease resistant, salt tolerance draught tolerance, nutritional quality, herbicide

tolerance varieties.

UNIT – II

Protoplast culture and somatic hybridization - isolation of protoplast, culture methods –

fusion methods – production of cybrids and hybrids.

UNIT – III

Enzymes – Restriction endo nucleases – Nomenclature – classification and application

– Nucleases, methylases, ligases,.

UNIT – IV

Definition of gene – structures - Cloning – Salient features, plasmids, cosmids , single

stranded DNA viruses, Ti plasmid, construction of plasmid vectors, lampda phages, vectors,

M13 vectors their uses in cloning and sequencing, Expression vectors genomic libraries, C

DNA libraries – gene banks.

UNIT – V

General considerations of microbial strain improvement for pharmaceutical products

and Industries, Growth hormone and antibiotics – Gene therapy methods.

UNIT – VI

Strain improvement for production of Agriculture products – SCP. (algae, yeast.

mushroom), Biofertilizers. (BGA, VAM), Bio pesticides Bacillus thuringiensis – Fuel, ethonal

- microbial algal technology.

UNIT – VII

Techniques employed in recombinant DNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis, Pulse gel

electrophoresis, Southern/Northern / Western blotting.

Paper – 8

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, ECOLOGY & PHYTOGEOGRAPHY

UNIT – I

Plant physiology – Introduction – structure and composition of membrane – brief

account of models – fluid mosaic models – Lipoprotein model – endo – membrane system –

water relations of plants – physico – chemical properties of water – apparent, free space, bulk

movement of water – Diffusion, Imbibition – Permeability, Osmosis – Transpiration –

Stomatal regulation.

UNIT – II

Photosynthesis – energy, pathway in photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments –

Pigment systems – Electron flow through cyclic, Non-cyclic and Pseudocyclic photophos

phorylation – difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis – different kind of C4 pathway,

occurance, biochemical events and adaptive advantage – regulation of photorespiration.

UNIT – III

Respiration – Aerobic and Aerobic respiration – Glycolysis, Krebs cycles Electron

transport system – Phosphoylation – substrate and oxidative – HM P – pathway – Resipatory

quotient – Factors – affecting respiration.

UNIT – IV

Uptake of ions mechanism – Translocation of solutes and assimilators – mechanism –

mineral nutrition – Essential elements – micro and macro elements – role and deficiency

symptoms –Fertilizer – foliar nutrition.

ECOLOGY

UNIT – V

1. Concepts of an ecosystem – application of law of thermo dynamics, food chain food

web, energy flow – Ecological factors – climatic, physiographic, edaphic and biotic

factors.

2. Study of pond, grass land and forest ecosystems and their succession.

UNIT – VI

1. Major terrestrial plant communities – study of climate, distribution, adaptation to

environment, deserts/ (dry and cold), tundra, grass land, savannah, temperate and

tropical forests and mangroves.

PHYTOGEOGRAPHY

UNIT – VII

Plant geography – factors of plant distribution – theories concerning present and past

distributions – continental drift, glaciations, land bridges and their effect on plant distribution.

Theories and hypothesis concerning the flora and phytogeography of south Indian hills,

endemism and discontinuous distribution with examples from Indian flora, floristic regions of

India.

Paper – 9

BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT – I

Principles of microscopy – Lenses, and image formation – oculars and objectives –

condensers – Light sources – and control of illumination – phase contrast, florescence Dark

field illumination, electron microscopy( TEM / SEM).

UNIT – II

Reagents & stains : General reagents, dehydrating reagents, clearing reagents,

adhesives, embedding media, mounting media – killing and fixing fluids, stains – Natural dyes,

coal tar dyes, cytoplasmic stains, nuclear stains.

UNIT – III

Microscopic preparations – Temporary, permanent and semi permanent preparations –

smearing, squashing, macerating and whole movements – Staining procedures – solvents,

general and special staining – Slide preparation – hand section – and paraffin methods.

Microtomy – types of microtome and their use.

UNIT – IV

pH meter – general principles – construction and working of a pH meter. Buffer and

buffer action – preparation of buffers..

UNIT – V

Chromatographic techniques – Adsorption chromatography, Counter current and

Partition chromatography, Gas-liquid chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, affinity

chromatography.

UNIT – VI

Electro phoretic methods. Basic principles, paper and gel electrophoresis.

Centrifugation techniques – Principles, density gradient and preparative centrifugation,

Spectroscopic techniques – Basic principles, applications, of the UV spectrophotometry,

Infrared spectrophotometry - Atomic and Flame photometry.

UNIT – VII

Culture of lower plants and higher plant cells, tissues and organs – sterilization

techniques – Dry heat, moist heat, chemicals – gases – media preparation, culture techniques –

Bacteria, Fungi and their isolation.

PRACTICAL – III – PRACTICALS CONCERNED IN THE PAPERS VI & VII

1. Study of the morphology of the angiosperms as in the theory with suitable examples.

2. Description of plants in technical terms.

3. Preparation of keys and use of keys in identification.

4. Dissection of vegetative and floral pasts of plants belonging to the families mentioned

in the theory.

5. Study of the economic value of the plants mentioned in the theory part.

6. Preparation of herbarium (minimum of 20 angiosperm plants) with proper field note

book – shall be submitted at the time of practical examinations.

7. Study of medicinal value of the plants mentioned in the theory part.

8. Agarose gel electrophoresis – Paper electrophoresis.

PRACTICAL – IV – PRACTICAL COVERED IN THE PAPERS VIII & IX

1. Determination of Chl a, Chl b and total Chl.

2. Determination of OP by plasmolytic method.

3. Effect of temperature and chemical on membrane permeability.

4. Rate of transpiration in different plants.

5. Separation of plant pigments by thin layer / pager chromatography.

6. Photosynthesis under different light intensities.

7. Rate of respiration in germinating seeds or flower buds in respiroscope.

8. Preparing and recording of microcscopic preparations – Temporary, semi permanent

and permanent slids.

9. Smear, squash, maceration, technique studies.

10. Handling of, spectrophotometer, pH meter, microtome, colorimeter, centrifuge,

electrophoresis unit.

11. Staining procedures – simple, differential, capsule, flagellar staining for bacteria.

12. Study of sterilization methods.

13. Isolation of bacteria and fungi.

Question pattern for M.Sc., Botany

Theory

Maximum – 75marks

Duration – 3 Hrs.

Part A

Answer ALL questions.

All questions carry equal marks 10 x 2 = 20

Draw suitable diagrams wherever necessary.

Q. No. 1 to 10.

Part B

Answer any FIVE questions. 5 x 5 = 25

All questions carry equal marks.

Draw suitable diagrams wherever necessary.

Q. No. 11 to 18.

Part C

Answer ALL questions.

All questions carry equal marks 3 x 10 = 30

Draw suitable diagrams wherever necessary.

Q. No. 19 to 21 ( Three questions with internal choice Either / or type)

Practical:

Maximum – 100marks

Practical 85 marks

Record 15 Marks

Duration – 3 Hrs

Note : Q.Nos 1,2,& 3 Can be subdivided into two or three questions based on the subjects

to which the practical is to be done (Should be decided by the examiners)

Q. No 1 Practical - 25 Marks

Q. No 2 Practical - 20 Marks

Q. No 3 Practical - 15 Marks

Q. No 4 Five Spotters (5x5)- 25 Marks

MASTER OF ZOOLOGY

FIRST YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Cell Biology and Molecular Biology 100 3

2 General Microbiology and Biochemistry 100 3

3 Biotechnology 100 3

4 Animal Physiology and Embryology 100 3

5 Animal forms, eco-biology and Animal

behavior 100 3

Practical 1 Paper I,II & III 100 6

Practical 2 Paper IV & V 100 6

SECOND YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Parasitology 100 3

2 Economic Zoology 100 3

3 Aquatic Zoology and wildlife Management 100 3

4 Environment pollution and Eco-toxicology 100 3

Practical 3 Paper VI & VII 100 6

Practical 4 Paper VIII & IX 100 6

Project Work 200 -

FIRST YEAR

Paper – 1

CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT – I

Cell concept – Size and form – ultra structure and functions of plosmo membranes.

Endoplasmic retieulum, Ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, contriosomes, and golgicompled

in the light of recent researches.

UNIT – II

Ultra structure of chromosomes – Giant chromosomes – structure and functions –

supernumerary (or) B. Chromsomes.

UNIT – III

Interphase nucleus – Dynamics of cell division, a molecular approach, cell centre and

mitotic apparatus, synoptenemal complex and movement of chromosomes.

UNIT – IV

Chemistry and structure of DNA, DNA replication, Nucleus DNA, amounts and c-value

Paradox, satellite DNA, functions, of repeated DNA sequence, mitochondrial DNA, A, B, and Z-

DNA, Types chemistry and functions of RNA, Processing of rRNA and tRNA. Gene action and

Protein synthesis, genetic code – Processing and translation of mRNA.

UNIT – V

Radiation and radioactivity Isotopes and their uses in biological investigation –

Biological effects of radiation – Geiger – Muller counter – scintillation counter.

Reference:

1. Beifelder.D (1985). Essentials of molecular Biology, James and Bortlet Publishers Inc.,

U.S.A.

2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis Sr. E.M. Fr, Lea and Febiger (1987) 8th

Ed. Cell and

molecular Biology, Saundor’s college, Philadelphia.

3. Dnyansaga, V.R. (1986) Cytology and Genetics Tata McGraw Hill, Publishing Co., New

Delhi.

4. Wolfe S.L. (1981). Biology of cell, wordsworth Publishing Co.,

5. Alberts, B.et.al., (1986) The molecular Biology of the cell, garl and Publishing, Inc., New

York

6. Watson., J.D. et.al., (1987). Molecular Biology of the gene, Col.I, II and III Benjamin –

cumming Publishing Co., California.

7. Kelinsmith, L.J. and Kish., V.M. (1989). Principles ofcell Biology, Harper and Row,

New York.

Paper – 2

GENRAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT – I

History and scope of microbiology – prokaryotic and eukaryotic micro organisms.

Morphological types – cell wall of gram Positive and Gram negative bacteria. A brief outline of

structure of pictorial, plant and animal viruses, Bacteriophages. Brief account of HIV.

UNIT – II

Industrial microbiology – Fermentation Process – Primary and secondary metabolies –

industrial uses of Bacteria – Lactic acid vinegar and industrial uses of yeasts

– Aminoacid pollution, alcohol and Baker’s yeast and food yeast – Industrial uses of molds –

Pencillin. Production – citric acid – Enzyme Production.

UNIT – III

Diary microbiology – Pasteurization – milk products – curd, butter, ghee, cheese and

yogurt. Food microbiology – Fermented food and food spoilage – food poisoning – factors

influencing spoilage – Physico – chemical methods in food preservation.

UNIT – IV

MEDICAL MICRBIOLOGY : Study of common bacterial and viral diseases of man –

causative organisms – symptoms and preventive measures (Gastro intestinal, respiratory and

nervous systems).

UNIT – V

Human cancer : DNa Tumour viruses – Papilloma viruses – Epstein – Bair virus – Sc 40

virus RNA tumour viruses – Retro viruses. – (Structure, replication, assembly and release) –

Tumourgenic retroviruses, cellular viral oncogenes, relationship between viral and animal

oncogenes – oncognene families – oncoprotiens – Tumour suppressors.

BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT – I

Atoms, molecular, Polymerization of organic molecular – nature of living matter, major

organic components – chemistry of water – dissolved gasses - PH – buffers – membrane

permeability. Structure, properties and functions of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids and

Nucleic acids. Derivatives of carbohydrates and lipids.

UNIT – II

Enzymes – nature, classification and functions – co-enzymes – Isoenzymes,

Antienzymes, mechanism of enzyme action – enzyme inhibitors – enzyme kinetics.Energy –flow

of energy of biolofical world concept of free energy, redoxpotential, coupling of chemical

reactions in transfer of energy. High energy rich compounds – Thermodynamics.

UNIT – III

Metabolism – Protein metabolism – Amino acid metabolism oxidative dermination –

transmination – decorboxylation, demethylation reactions. Carbohydrate metabolism –

Glycogenesis, glycolysis – energetics ofkreb’s cycle, Gluconeogenesis, cori’s cycle, glycosuria –

Diabetics – Lipidmetabolism – metabolism of fatty acids, glyeero’s cholesterol – Inborn errors of

metabolism, BMR

UNIT – IV

Vitamins – Structure, sources, requirements, functions and deficiency manifestations of

fat and water soluble vitamins. Minerals – sources, functions, requirements, absorption and

metabolism with reference to iron, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium and

other trace elements as iodine, copper, Zinc and fluorine.

UNIT – V

Harmon’s – chemical nature, properties and biochemical mode of functions of

hormones.Hormonal control of carbhyodrates, protein and lipidmetalbolism, cyclic AMP.

Reference:

1. Micheal pelczer J. Pelczas, E.C.S. chan, Noel R. Krieg 5th

Ed. 1993.

2. Presscott L.M. Hartey. P. Klein J. 1990. Microbiology U.M.C. Brown Publishers.

3. Ananthanarayanan. C.K. Jayaraman Panicker. C.K. Text book of microbiology.

4. Presscott & Dunn’s Industrial microbiology. CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.

5. A text book microbiology R.C. Dubey & D.K. Maheswari 1999. S. Chand & Co., Ltd,

New Delhi – 110 005.

6. Lehninger A.L. 1970 Biochemistry worth publishing company N.Y.

7. Harper’s Biochemistry 27th

Ed. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing.

Paper 3

BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – I

Genetic Engineering : Techniques – Concepts of gene clonning – CDNA & Geonomic

Libraries and RDNA technology – Strategies of genetic engineering – formation of DNA

fragments – various methods – Introduction of recombinant vector into host cell – selection of

clones – blotting techniques.

UNIT – II

Food Biotechnology : Microbial production of food – Single cell Protein (Algal, Bacterial

and Actinomycetes, yeast and Fugi) – Microbial production of flavours and other products and

generalising food biotechnology.

UNIT – III

Enzyme Engineering : Properties – Preparation methods – immobiliations – Ribozyme –

Abzymes. Hybridomas and Minoclonal antibodies – production and application. Animal cell

and tissue culture – production - Animal viral vector, Transgenesis – transgenic animals –

methods- gene targetting. Embryo technology – Manipulation – Embryo splitting – invitro

fertilization.

UNIT – IV

Biotechnology and Human Welfare : Production and hormones and vaccines . Biomass

and Bioenergy – conversion methods – types of bio fuels – fuels for further use.

UNIT – V

Values of Biotechnology : Ethical values in animal and Human Cloning – Social and

Environmental problems due to cloning – DNA finger printing – Bio chips, Bio sensors – Gene

therapy.

Reference :

1. T.C. Brown – Genecloning : D. Nichol : D.S.T. An introduction to genetic engineering.

2. R.C. Dubey and D.K. Maheswari – A Textbook of Microbiology, S. Chand and Company

Ltd.

3. R.C. Dubey - A Textbook of Biotechnology, S. Chand and Company Ltd.

4. Gupta PK., Elements of Biotechnology, Rastogi and Company Lted, Meerut.

Paper – 4

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY

UNIT – I

Concept of balanced diet – role of enzymes in the digestion and absorption – Physical

and chemical aspects of bioluminescence – Functional significance of bioluminescence.

Movements – critical review of amoeboid, flagellar, ciliary movements in animal in the light of

recent researches.

UNIT – II

Respiration – Types of respiration mechanisms – factors affecting respiration –

structures, properties and composition and function in O2 and CO2 transport in animals.

Circulation – Types of Hearts, ECG, Cardiac rhythm – control of heart beat. Factors controlling

coagulation of blood. Excretion – nature and mode of formation of excretory products –

Excretory mechanisms in vertibrates and invertibrates.

UNIT – III

Nervous integration – Types of neurons – Transmission of impules – autonomous

nervous system – origin and function, Reflex actions. Chemical coordination – Neurosecretion

and its importance in physiology. Hormones of vertebrates and their specific role in chemical

coordination. Muscle physiology – Molecular structure –

chemical composition of muscles – Regulation and energetics of contraction. Sensory

Physiology – Classification of receptors in vertibrates and invertibrates.

UNIT – IV

Ger, cells origin, structure and differentiation ultra structural organization of the egg with

reference to egg membrane, egg eytoplasm, structure of spermatozoan Polarity, symmetry –

gradient cortex – activation of egg – interaction and fusion.

Cleavage :- Chemodifferentiation – cleavage Patterns – factors determining cleavage patterns.

Theories of cleavage.

Gastrulotion :- Morphogenetic movements – Nucleocytoplasmic interactions in morphogenesis –

formation of germ layers. Fate maps – gastrulation in characters – exogastrulation.

UNIT – V

Embryonic nutrition:- Yolk utilization – amniotic and allontonic fluids. Embroyanic

fields. Differentiation – Nuclear factors – chemical basis gene action development. Mechanism

of information transfer, molecular and embryonic development – inductors and organizers –

genes and organizers. Regeneration – Experimental data – Regeneration as developmental

Phenomena.

Reference:

1. Raven. Ch. P. 1958 Morphogenes

2. Zalinsky B.L. 1970. An introduction to embryology, Saunders, TOPAN.

3. Batch, L.A. 1949, Embryology. The Dryden. N.Y.

Paper – 5

ANIMAL FORMS – ECOBIOLOGY & ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

UNIT – I

Nature of international code of zoological nomen cloture principles relating to

nomenculature , Taxanomic keys, objectives and uses in zoological studies.

Adaptation and evolution – coloration of animals. Non adaptive characters. Animal distribution

– evolutionary significances.

UNIT – II

Biochemical origin of life. Theories and concept of evolution Neotamarkism, Neo-

Darwinism –modern synthetic theory of evolution Natural selection.

What is ecosystems – Biological pyramids. Edaphic Nutrient cycle. Evolution of ecosystem.

UNIT – III

Forest resources – cause of deforestation – Demand and supply f wood, forest

management – conservation and protection forestry. Introduction – conventional and non-

conventional resources. Biogas programme in India. Solar photo voltic technology.

Solar thermal (ST) Programme in India.

UNIT – IV

Environmental Pollution.

PRACTICALS

PRACTICALS – I

1. Handling microscopes, Camera lucid, stage and ocular micrometers.

2. Blood smear preparation, RBC, WBC count by Haemocytometer – differential count of

WBC.

3. Study cell division stages – Onion root tip squash technique for mitosis and grasses

hopper testis for meiosis.

4. Mounting of the salivary gland chromosomes of chromosomes larva.

5. Human blood grouping.

6. Washing and sterilization of glassware.

7. Media preparation – Liquid and solid media.

8. Staining of bacteria – Simple & gram staining.

9. Estimation of reducing sugars by Benedit’s method.

10. Preparation of starch from potato and determination of its purity.

11. Separation of amino acids by paper chromotagraphy.

12. Agarose gel electrophoresis – Paper electrophoresis.

PRACTICALS – II

1. Study of digestive enzymes in cockroach.

2. Study of human salivary activity in relation to temperature.

3. Study of hemoglobin concentration .

4. Study of blood pressure.

5. Detection of nitrogenous waste products in fish and, bird etc and mammalian urine.

6. Sections of tests and many showing the maturation stages of gametes.

7. Slides of mammalian sperm and ovum.

8. Slides of cleavage stages in Frog and Chick.

9. Slides of developmental stages of chick embryos.

10. Slides of blastula and gastrula of frog and chick.

11. Slides of developmental stages of brain, heart and eye in chick embryo.

12. Measurement of environmental parameters.

13. Terrestrial environment using the instruments for measuring environmental parameters –

Rain gauge – maximum and minimum thermo meters – wet and any Hygrometer.

14. Adaptation of terrestrial animals based on a study of museum specimens.

15. Study of a natural ecosystem such as scrub jungle, forest and pond.

SECOND YEAR

Paper – 6

PARASITOLOGY

UNIT – I

Parasitism – Definition – Types of parasite – Adaptation of parasite – Inter specific

relationship – Neutralism – Symbiosis – Mutualism – Continuous contact – commensalisms –

Types – Antagonism Antibiotics – Parasitism – Temporary – Permanent – Pathology of parasite.

UNIT – II Parasitic Protozoa:

Salient features – Classification – Human Diseases – entamoeba gingibalis – Histolytica

– Coli – B.coli – Giardia lamblia – Intestinalis – Trichomona vaginalis - moebiases – Malaria –

Trichonooniasis – Leishmaniasis - Types – Dierrohea – Trypanosoma Types – Trichomonas –

Try panosoma Parasite – Human – Cattle as domestic animal – Sporozoa – Plasmodium - Types

– monocystis – Habit and Habitat - Life cycle in man and mosquitoes – Fever of malaria –

Types of fever – Plasmodium vivax.

UNIT – III Parasite in platyheeminthes:

General character – Classification – Life history – Turbellaria – Trematoda – Cestoda –

Fasciola – Schitosoma – Gestrodiscus – Planaria – Taenia Types – Echinocous – Nematonaenia

– Moniezia – Proteo cephalus etc. – Parasite adaptation of Flatworns – Exo – Endo-adaptation.

UNIT – IV Parasite in Aschelminthes:

General character – Classification – Endo parasite – Exo parasite – Nematode Parasite in

man – Ascaris – Wuchereia – Trichuris – Trichinella – Dracunculus – An chylostoma duodende

– Trichocephalus – Guineaworms – Florialbancrafti – Microfilaria, Loa etc.

UNIT – V

Parasitison of plant and animal – General character in protozoa – Algae – Bacteria –

Virus in micro organism – Exploitation – Ant – Brood parasitism some different types of Insects

of parasities – Inter relationship plant as animal parasite – Plant to plant – animal to animal

parasite. Arthopad vectors – Housefly – Head louse – Bedding – Mosquitoes – Fleas – ticks and

mites.

Reference:

1. K.D. Chatterjee – Parasitism in Biology.

2. Shukla-Upadhyay – Rastogi Publications.

3. Verma Agarwal – Inverbrate and vertebrate. (Hordate Zoology)

4. E.L. Jordan, P.S. Verma - Inverbrate Zoology.

5. N.Arumugam – Saras Publication.

6. Ekkamberanath Iyer Book – Inverbrate in Zoolody

Paper – 7

ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY

UNIT – I

Introduction: Definition – Economical importance of Protozoa – Nematodes and

Helminths – Annelids Role in House hold Insects – Effecting human health – Damaging food

products – goods.

UNIT – II

Insect posts of sugarcane – Paddy – Pulsecrops – Vegetables – Fruits – cotton – Oil

seedcrops – Coconut Plam – Tea and Coffee. Insect pest Management (IPM): Natural control –

Applied control. Integrated Pest management.

UNIT – III

Agriculture – Lac culture – Sericulture – Prawns – Lobsters - Crabs – fishery – by

products of fishing industry – Snaue sans , Snaue Venom.

UNIT- IV

Economic Importance of Mammals – Piggery – Dairy Industry – Leather Industry –

Wool Industry. Medical Lab Techniques: Stethoscope – sphygmomanometer – Haemo cytometer

– RBC, WBC, Count – URINE Sugar analysis – E.C.G. – CT – CAT – Endscopy Techniques –

Types – Artificial Pacemaker – Bio-Technology: INA – Microbiology – Hormone – Enzymes –

acids – Vitmamin – Interperoms – Alga cell – Biochips – Super pages – Insulin – Vaccination –

Antizen – Antibody – NIF Genes – Insecticides – Sewage Treatment.

UNIT – V

Pharmaceuticals from animals – Wild Life in India and its conservation – Significance of

Aids – Modern genetics: Karyotyphing – DNA – Recombinant – Technology – Plasmids –

Molecular cloning – Human Genome Project (HGP) – Transgenic organisms – Gene Therpay –

Bioinformatics – Application – Scope.

Reference:

1. Shukla. Upadhyay – Rastogi – Publications.

2. A. Arumugam – Saras Publication.

3. Dr. Bernice Anantharaj – Chrisolite Publications.

4. P.D. Sharma – Environmental Biology & Toxicology – RakeshKumar, Rastogi –

Publications.

5. Genetics – P.S. Verma, V.K. Agarwal – S.Chand Company Ltd.

6. Invertebrate Zoology – E.L. Jordan & P.S. Varma.

7. Invertebrate Zoology – V.K. Agarwal.

8. Ekkambaranath Iyer Book

9. Animal Physiology – P.S. Varma, B.S. Tyagi, V.K. Agarwal.

Paper – 8

AQUATIC ZOOLOGY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

UNIT – I

Aquaculture: Definition – types of culture – Cultivable species – Fisheries management –

Divisions of Indian fishery – Water – Soil – Tanks – Pond – Fertilization – Wood control –

Disease control – Habitat improvement – seed section – Importance of fishery – Fish culture –

Types – Breeding pond – Types of Breeding. Details – Fish Industry – Marine – CMFRI – CIBA

– NIO – CIFA – NIOT – MPEDA.

UNIT – II

Prawn Fishery – types of Prawn fishery – Species of Prawn – Food of Prawn – Culture of

fresh water prawn – Marine – Culture of Marine Prawn – Preparation of farm – Methods –

Spoilage of prawns – Preservation as processing of prawn – Export of prawn.

UNIT – III

Pearl Culture: History of Industry - pearl producing molasses – Pear formation –

Collection of oysters – Rearing of oysters – Insertion of nucleus – Composition of pearl edible

freshwater fishes – By products of fishing Industry – Fish oil – fish meal – Eco systems Types –

Pond – Estuary – Marine.

UNIT – IV

Wildlife Management: Wildlife of India – Endangered flora and fauna of India – Indian

endangers flora – Fauna – Indian Board of wildlife (IBWC) – Protected areas network National

Sanctuaries – Special protected for endangered species – Biosphere resources – Nilgiri Biosphere

Resources (NBR) National & State Symbols.

UNIT – V

Wildlife Conservation: Definition – aims – Necessity – Causes for wildlife depletion –

Sanctuary - Anamalai – Point Calimera – Bandipur – Wildlife Divisions – Central Zoo

Authority – Project Tiger – Project Elephant – National Zoological Park – Special attention for

animal – Special cave – Law anti protection – Hunting – Poaching – Deforestation – Methods

conservation – Organization involves in wild life conservation – Sanctuaries and National Parks

WWF – RFF – The Nature conservancy – WRI – IUCN – AWF – GRAIN – International

Science Foundation – Biodiversities support Program (BSP).

Paper – 9

ENVIRONMENAL POLLUTION AND ECO-TOXIOLOGY

UNIT – I

Environmental Pollutants – Definition - Classification of pollutants – Causes for

pollution – Types of pollution – Air Pollution: Definition – Air pollutants – Causes of Air

pollution – Biological Indicators – Ecological effects of Air Pollution – control of Air Pollution.

Water Pollution: Definition – Water Pollutions – Causes of water pollution – Ecological effects

of water pollution control of water pollution.

UNIT – II

Land Pollution: Definition – Land pollutants – Causes of Land Pollution – Pesticides –

Radio activity – Fallows – Radioactive elements – Radiation – Source of Radiation – Natural

radiation of man made radiations – Types of Atom Bomb – Internal or external Emitters –

Sources of Ionizing radiation – Biological effects of radiations – Control of radioactive pollution

– Human Population as Explosion – Issues – Demography – Dispersal – Causes – environmental

effect – Waste Management – Types – Solid – Bio remediation.

UNIT – III

Noise Pollution: Definition – Causes of noise pollution – Ecological effects of noise

pollution – Control of noise pollution. Thermal Pollution: Definition – Source of Thermal

pollution: Definition – Source of thermal pollution – Ecological effects of thermal pollution –

Control of thermal pollution. Pesticide Pollution: Classification – Sources – Impact – Control

General Law of control in pollution – Super Bass – Sewage Treatment.

UNIT – IV ECO-TOXICOLOGY

Introduction: Toxicology – Scope of toxicology – Basic division of toxicology – Goals of

toxicology – Basic concepts of Toxicology – Factors that affect environmental concentration of

Taxicants – Influence toxicity – chemical mixtures – Effect and response Dose – Rasponse

relationships – Margin of safety (slope). Toxicity testing.

Toxicants of Public Health Hazard: Black lists/ Toxic chemicals – Pesticides – Automobile

emissions Heavy metals – Fertilisers – Food additives - Radioactive substances.

UNIT – V BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION OF TOXIC MATERIALS:

Pesticides – microcosms - compartment models. Absorption – Translocation and

Excretion of chemicals (xenobiotics) – membranes permeability and mechanisms of chemical

transfer Bio-transformation of xenobiotics – Selective toxicity – Reception sites – Types of –

D.D.T – anti-dotal procedures in toxicology. Biomonitoring of Toxic chemicals – Monitoring

Program Parameters of biomonitoring – Bio-Indicators and Environmental monitoring Bio assay

and its applications in toxicology – Enviornmental Legislation and Chemical Safety Evaluation.

Reference:

1. Environmental Health Publication of NEERI – Nagpur.

2. A. Arumugam – Saras Publciation.

3. Dr. Tmt. Bernice Anantharaj – Chrisolite Publciations – Ecology.

4. N.T. Krishna – Environmental Biology.

5. P.D. Sharma – Environmental Biology and Toxicology.

6. Shukia . Upadayan – Economic Zoology.

PRACTICAL – III

1. Earth Warm – Setae – Clitellum.

2. Mouth parts in insects: Cockroach – Mosquitoes – Butterfly – etc.

3. Slide preparation – Plasmodium stage – Tape warm – Ascars, Liver Fluke, Prawn,

Penques, Larvel forms of Crustacea, Appendages in cephalic, thorgic, Maxilli pess,

Walking legs – Cocoon, Hosfly, Headlouse – Ticks, Bud bug.

4. Anopheles – Culex – Honos bee – wastes.

5. Coconut pest in oryctes rhino ceros.

6. Rynochophorus.

PRACTICAL – IV

1. Temporans Mounting of Plankton – Electric Rag fish.

2. Facena of Estuary, Sandy, Rocky – Pond, Marine, Animals.

3. Estiamtion of dissolved ozin water – Ecel, Andoas.

4. Estimation of BOD – IDOD – COD.

5. Determination of dissolved – Sulphate, Hydrogen Sulphate, CO2, Iron, Sillicote, Lead,

Phosphate, Calcium, Nitrate.

6. Estimation of chlorophyll contain in leaves at air Pollution.

7. Collection of zoo plantation.

8. Aquatic organism in specimens – Significance of spotters.

M.SC. BIO-CHEMISTRY

FIRST YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Bio-molecules of stridulation Biology 100 3

2 Enzymology 100 3

3 Bio-Instrumentation 100 3

4 Genetics and Molecular Biology 100 3

5 Immunology of Pneumology 100 3

Practical – I 100 6

Practical – II 100 6

SECOND YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Bio-information Bio Statics 100 3

2 Physiology of Nutritional Bio-Chemistry 100 3

3 Advanced Enzymology and Engyme

Technology 100 3

4 Clinical and Pant Bio-chemsitry 100 3

5 Bio-Technology 100 3

Practical III 100 6

Practical IV 100 6

Project Work

SYLLABUS

FIRST YEAR

Paper – 1

PAPER I - BIOMOLECULES OF STRIDULATION BIOLOGY

UNIT-I

Water: Structure and properties of water; hydrogen bonding of water; Solvent properties of

water; hydrophobic interaction.

Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides: classification,stereochemistry; cyclic structure and

anomeric forms. Reactions of monosaccharides-characteristics of aldehyde and ketone

groups. Action of acids and alkalies on sugars. Reaction of sugars due to hydroxyl groups.

Disaccharides-classification, structure, chemistry and function.

Trisaccharides : structure of raffinose.

Polysaccharides: starch, glycogen,dextrin and inulin;

Structural polysaccharides: cellulose, chitin and glycosaminoglycans.

UNIT-II

Lipids: Definition; classification of lipids-simple, compound and derived lipids.

Simple lipids: Physical and chemical properties of fats. Compound lipids: Structure and

function of phospholipids, glycolipids and lipoproteins. Derived lipids: Fatty acid; Saturated

and unsaturated.

Fatty acids. Essential fatty acids;Steroids-Structure of cholesterol.

UNIT –III

Amino acids and Proteins:

Amino Acids: Definition; amino acids as ampholytes, structure and classification of amino

acids, chemical reactions of amino acids.

Peptides: Structure and properties. Identification of N and C terminal residues.

Determination of primary structure of pepetides. Glutathione, and oxytocin.

Proteins: Structure and Properties of proteins; Its classification. Primary structure,

secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure with examples. Properties of

silk fibroin, collagen and hemoglobin. Forces in protein interactions - short range repulsions,

electrostatic forces, Vanderwaals forces, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The

Ramachandran plot.

UNIT-IV

Nucleic Acids: Structure of purines and pyrimidines; nucleotides and nucleosides.

DNA: Double helix; A,B& Z forms; Coiling and supercoiling of DNA. DNA denaturation

and renaturation. Chemical and physical properties of DNA. Proteins involved in DNA

structure-histones.

RNA: Types, Unusual bases. Enzymatic reactions of nucleic acids and its role in protein

synthesis.

UNIT-V

Vitamins and Minerals:

Vitamins: Definition, structure and classification; sources, role of Vitamins in animal

physiology.

Minerals: Essential minerals, sources and functions. A note on requirement.

Text book

1. Ambika Shanmugam, Fundamentals of Biochemistry for medical students.

References:-

1. Ambika Shanmugam, Fundamentals of Biochemistry for medical students.

2. Deb, A.C., Fundamentals of Biochemistry, New central Agency, Calcutta, 3 rd

edition,1989.

3. Lehninger, A.L.,Nelson, D.L., Cox,M.M, Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publishers,

2 nd edition, 1993.

4. Lubert stryer, Biochemistry, Freeman and company, 4 th edition,1995.

Paper – 2

ENZYMOLOGY

UNIT-I

Enzymes: Introduction, International classification of enzymes, six main classes of enzymes.

Extraction, purification and characterization of enzymes.

UNIT-II

Coenzymes: Definition, structure and functions of Thiamine pyrophosphate, Nicotinamide

coenzymes, Flavin nucleotides, coenzyme A, lipoic acid, biotin and folate coenzymes. Metal

cofactors (Mechanism of action of coenzyme not required) Mechanism of action of

Chymotrypsin. Allosteric enzymes. Asparate transcarbamylase (Mechanism) Model.

UNIT-III

Enzymatic actions: Single substrate, factors affecting rate of enzyme activity. Enzymatic

reactions - Acid base, electrostatic, and covalent reactions. Michaellis-Menten equation-

Derivation, transformation of MM equation to Lineweaver Burk plot. Enzyme Inhibition:

Competitive, Non-Competitive and Un-competitive enzyme inhibition..

UNIT-IV

Enzyme technology: Immobilized enzymes; sources and techniques of immobilization. Effect

of immobilization of enzyme activity. Applications of immobilized enzymes in industry.

UNIT-V

Instruments in enzyme analysis; calorimetric, Potentiometric, optical and immunosensors

Recent research of enzyme engineering.

References:

1. Trevor Plamer, understanding Enzymes, Ellis Horwood limited. 3 rd edition, 1991.

2. Enzymes- Dixon and Web.

3. Enzymes Technology- Chapline & Bucke

4. Alan Weissman, Hand Book of Enzyme Biotechnology: 2 nd edition.

Paper – 3

BIO-INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT I

Chromatography – Principle, operative technique and applications of paper, TLC,

adsorption chromatography, GLC, and HPLC. Ion-Exchange, molecular sieve

UNIT II

Electrophoretic techniques - Principle and technique of gel, SDS, high voltage and

discontinuous electrophoresis, Isoelectric focussing. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and

capillary electrophoresis.

UNIT III

Spectrophotometry- Basic principles, instrumentation and applications of UV,

Visible, IR spectrophotometers and Mass Spectrometry. Flame Photometry - Principles and

applications.

UNIT IV

Centrifugation techniques – Principle, methodology and application of analytical

centrifugation, differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultra- centrifuge.

UNIT V

X-Rays - X-Ray diffraction, crystals and detectors, quantitative analysis and

applications. Radio chemical methods - Basic concepts, counting methods and applications.

Autoradiography.

UNIT-VI

Tracer and other techniques- radioactive decay, units of radioactivity, detection and

measurement of radio activity, Geiger-Muller counter, Scintillation counter. Applications of

radioisotopes in biology.

References:-

1.An introduction to practical biochemistry by David T. Plummer.

2.Laboratory Manual in biochemistry by Pattabiraman and Acharya.

3.Practical biochemistry by J.Jayaraman.

4.Analytical Biochemistry, D.J.Homie and Hazal Peck, Longman group,3 rd edition,

1998.

5. Physical Biochemistry - Application of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,

David Friefelder, W.H.Freeman and Co., Second Edition, 1999.

6.Experimental Biochemistry, Robert Switzer and Liamgarrity, W.H.Freeman and

Co., Third Edition, 1999.

Paper – 4

GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT I

Fine structure of gene-Classical definition of gene, cistron, muton, chromosomal

structure. Chromosomal organization of genes. Coding and noncoding regions of DNA

Transferable genes-plasmids, and Transposons. Structural organization of eukaryotic

chromosomes.- chromatin structure-heterochromatin and euchromatin.

UNIT II

DNA replication- Mechanism of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Different models of DNA replication. Enzymology of DNA replication.

UNIT III

Mutation –difinition and types of mutation-spontaneous and induced. Mutagenic

agents. Mechanism of different types of DNA damage and repair systems. Mutation rate and

significance of mutation studies.

UNIT IV

Protein biosynthesis-Central dogma-different phases of protein synthesis-

activation,transcription, translation, termination and post translational modifications.

Recombination - Holliday model, Messelson model, site specific recombination.

UNIT V

Regulation of gene action: Regulation of gene action in Prokaryotes – enzyme

regulation of gene action, operon hypothesis, example of lac operon. rRegulation of gene

expression in simple eukaryotes. Eukaryotic gene control, hormonal regulation, regulations

by histones, regulation by heterochromatin. Recombination: Mechanism; forms of

recombination

References:

1. Weaver,F. Robert, Hedrick, W.Philip. (1997) 3 rd ed.

Genetics. Wm.C.Brown publishers.

2. David Freifelder (1983) Jones & Bartlett publishers. 2ed Molecular biology. Reprint

(1993) Narosa Publishing House.

3. Gardner, Simmons 8 ed. Principles of Genetics.

Paper – 5

IMMUNOLOGY OF PNEUMOLOGY

UNIT I

Immunity- definition, innate immunity-Mechanisms of innate immunity. Acquired

immunity- active and passive immunity with examples. Antigens- definition and

determination of antiginicity. Antibodies- definition, types, and functions of antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies.

UNIT II

Antigen - antibody interaction in vitro - precipitation, agglutination, RIA, ELISA,

complement fixation techniques and applications.

UNIT III

Structure and functions of immune system: Central thyroid organs and peripheral lymphoid

organs. Cells of lymphoreticular system- lymphocytes, T-cell maturarion, B-cell maturation.

Null cells, phagocytic cells. Antigen processing and presentation. MHC - Organization,

MHC molecules and genes, cellular distribution, regulation of MHC and immune Antigens.

MHC and disease

UNIT IV

Complement system - general properties of complement. Complment activation.

Classical pathway and alternative pathway. Regulation of complement activation. Biological

effects of C. Hypersensitivity – classification –Immediate and delayed types. Type I, II, III

and IV Hypersensitivity reactions and its mechanisms.

.

UNIT V

Autoimmunity – Classification of auto immune disease – haemocytolytic auto

immune disease, localized auto immune disease, and systemic auto immune disease.

Pathogenesis of auto immune disease. Immunology of transplantation- autograft, allograft,

isograft and xenograft.

.

Reference:-

1. Immunology-An Introduction, Tizard R.Jan, 1995.

2. Immunology- Roitt Ivan, Jonathan Brastoff, David male, 1993

3. Text book of microbiology- AnanthanarayananR. And Jayaraman Panikar, 1996.

4. Immunology- Janis kuby, 3 rd edition.

SECOND YEAR

Paper – 6

BIO-INFORMATICS AND BIO-STATISTICS

BIO-INFORMATICS

UNIT – I

Introduction – Goals – Scope – Fundamentals or Biological system – cells – cell

transport through plasma membrane – energetic and respiration – Cell cycle – Fundamentals

of genetics – Immune system – triology of environment – basic principles and population

ecology – Food chain, Food web in ecosystem.

UNIT – II

Molecular modeling – Introduction – Molecular structure and internal energy –

application macromolecular modeling – Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics of

oligopeptides, Nucleotides, Proteins, Drug molecules, molecular design – emerging areas in

Bioinformatics – Bio-computing.

UNIT – III

Database systems – Introduction – Data abstraction – Data models – Instances and

schemes – network data model – basic concepts – Hierarchial data model – basic concepts –

ORCALE – RDBMS – Visual basic – Client / Server technology – Data types – strings –

variant – constant – Data – Arrays – Looping – Genomic data banks – Microbial and cellular

data banks – computer networking – LAN, WAN, MODEMS – Internet.

BIO-STATISTICS

UNIT – IV

Introduction – definition – Functions, Scope and Limitations of biostatistics –

Collection of data, sampling, sampling design, Classification and tabulation – Types bar

diagrams, Pie diagrams and Curves – measures of Central tendency – Mean, Mode, Median,

Geometric mean.

UNIT – V

Correlation and Regression – Positive and negative correlation – Simple, Partial,

multiple, linear and non-linear correlation – types of regression analysis – regression

equation – test for significance – ‘t’ test, ‘chi’ square test.

Paper – 7

PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITIONAL BIO-CHEMISTRY

UNIT-I

Carbohydrates and their metabolism : . Digestion of sugars and starch. Digestion of

complex polysaccharides-absorpion and storage of carbohydrates—transformation of sugar

into fat- tissue carbohydrates – catabolism of carbohydrates.

UNIT-II

Essential and noessential amino acids—. Synthesis of non essential amino acids ;

Protein metabolism- products of protein digestion; protein catabolism- endogenous and

exogenous catabolism-minomum and optimum protein intake. Urea cycle. Protein calorie

malnutrition.

Lipid Metabolism : . fatty acid anabolism and catabolism. Regulation of fatty acid. Role of

hormones; effect of diet on fatty acid synthesis.

UNIT-III

Dynamics of energy - definition of kilocalories, Joule. Exergonic and endergonic

reactions. Caloric value of foods. Basal metabolism and BMR. Respiratory quotient-factors

affecting and clinical aspects. Caloric requirements.

UNIT-IV

Nutritional aspects : Protein factors in nutrition : quality of protins- classification.

Quantitative aspects. Protein deficiency. Role of carbohydrates in diet. Role of lipids in diet.

Role of minerals in diet. Balanced diet. Obesity – importance , types, pathogenesis, metabolic

changes in obesity and clinical features. Diet in pregnanacy and lactation

UNIT-V

Constituents and Nutritive value of common foods : milk, egg, meat and fish,pulses

and legumes, green leafy vegetables, and role of dietry fibres.

References:

1. Essential of food and nutrition-Vol.I and II M.Swaminathan.

2. Human Nutrition and dietetics- Davidson S. Passmover

3. Text book of medical biochemistry –MN CHATTERJEA, RANA SHINDE, 4th

edition, jaypee brothers.

4. Food, Nutrition and Diet therapy 6 th Edition. Kraure and Mohan.

5. WB Saundaers Company, London

6. Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition. Anitha.F.P.

Paper – 8

ADVANCED ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I

Enzyme Techniques : Activity of enzymes, Handling of enzymes, Enzyme assays.

Analysis of enzymes activity(methods), expression of the activity coupled reactions.

Isolation and purification of enzymes. Importance of pure enzymes. Separation of

Isoenzymes.

UNIT II

Enzyme Kinetics : Velocity of a reaction, order of a reaction, progress curve for enzyme

catalysed reactions. Factors influencing velocity of enzyme catalysed reaction. Michaelis

Menten Kinetics, Km and Vmax. Effect of pH, temperature on enzymatic reactions.

Anomalous kinetics of competitive and non-competitive inhibition. End product inhibition

with examples.

UNIT III

Coenzymes : Coenzymes & Cofactors, substrate enzyme relationship. Calssification of co-

enzymes as group transfer, hydrogen transfer, conenzymes, structure of conenzymes function

of nucleotide coenzymes, CoA, NAD/NADP, FMN/FAD, Biotin, Folic acid, vit. B12,

Biosynthesis of puridine and flavin nucleotides and CoA.

UNIT IV

Mechanism of Enzyme action : Enzyme specificity, Active site, Study of Mechanism of

enzyme reaction – pathway of enzyme catalysed reactions. Mapping of active site,.

Mechanisms at active site of enzymes – Covalent – catalysis, acid base catalysis. Proximity

and orientation effect. Structure and mechanism of action of representative enzymes.

Chymotrypsin and Ribonuclease.Regulation of enzyme activity – Covalent modulated

regulatory enzymes. Allosteric regulation.

UNIT V

Enzyme Technology : Application in Food and Pharmaceutical industries- large scale

enzyme extraction, purification and stabilisation. Industrial application of carbohydrates,

proteolytic enzyme, lignocellulose degrading enzyme, pectin and pectic enzyme.

Applications of enzymes in food industry. Clinical enzymology – Serum enzymes in health

and diseases. Immobilised enzyme technology – designer enzymes – Abzymes Biosensors –

Ribozymes.

References

1. Enzymes - Dixon & Webb

2. Biological Chemistry - Mahler & Cordes

3. Principles of Biochemistry - Lehninger

4. Human Nutrition - Biochemical Basis of Inherited

Diseases Fredrickson et. al.

5. Alan Weissman, Hand Book of Enzyme Biotechnology: 2 nd edition.

Paper – 9

CLINICAL AND PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT I

Enzymes and Isoenzymes - clinical importance : enzyme; clinical significance of

enzymes(serum enzymes). Isoenzymes- value and significance. Renal function test-

classification and types in detail. Liver function test- function of liver; classification of liver

function test. Gastric function test-classification and analysis Thyroid function test –

classification; blood hormone analysis. Immunological test for thyroid function.

UNIT II

Normal Water and electrolyte balance: distribution of body water and electrolytes;

normal water balance and normal electrolyte balance; regulatory mechanisms. Abnormal

water and electrolyte metabolism : dehydration; pathological variations; water intoxication.

UNIT III

Acid base balance : acid base balance in normal health; mechanism of regulation of

pH( role of respiration in acid – base balance). Renal mechanism for regulation of acid base.

Acid base imbalance : acidosis, alkalosis. CSF: Appearance of csf; biochemical changes of

csf .Urine analysis : aminoacidurias, proteinuria.

PLANT BIOCHENISTRY

UNIT IV

Cell : Cell Wall detailed study of the chemical composition and structure of the cell wall

layer compounds. Organisation of the wall Properties of walls, formation of walls- initiation

of wall during cell division and growth of walls.

UNIT V

Role of water : Movement of water in plants: Roles of water in plants, structure and

properties of water, water potential concept, movement of water in cells, measurement of

water potential, osmotic potential and pressure potential; Water transport: Water in the soil,

water uptake, ascent of sap, stomata and mechanism of stomatal movement, transpiration;

Movement of Photosynthate / Phloem translocation: Pathways of translocation, materials

translocated, rates of movement, phloem loading and unloading, mechanism of translocation;

Transport systems and plant growth.

UNIT VI

Plant hormone- structure and functions of plant hormones such as ethylene,

cytokinins auxins indole acetic acid, absicic acid florigin and giberallins Photochemical and

hormonal control in plants. Photomorphogensis- structure properties functions and

mechanism of action of phytochromes senescence Biochemical changes regulation.

Secondary plant products – Structure and functions of tannins terpenes, allkaloids, protocate

chuic acid digallic acid catechin, quinoline nicotine morphine , flavanols coniferyl alcohol

menthol myrcene linalool, geraniol camphor borneol abietic acid Aboitoc acid, Quercetin

Reference

1. Text book of medical biochemistry -MN Chaterjea, Rana Shinde

2. Plant Biochemistry -James Bonner & J. R Varner

3. Introduction to plant Biochemistry - Goodwin

4. Plant physiology -Salisbery

5. Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology – P.J. Lea & R. G. Heagood

PAPER – 10

BIO-TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I

Biotechnology – Definition, Scope, achievements – Application of biotechnology in medical

and other fields – Application in genetic engineering.

UNIT II

Enzyme biotechnology; Industrial uses of enzymes – Food textile, paper, detergents and

medicine – isolation and purification of enzymes by chromatography and electrophoresie;

Immobilised enzymes – Immobilization of enzymes and application of Immobilised

enzymes.

UNIT III

Commercial and pharmaceutical production of insulin, Somatotropin, Interferon’s;

Monoclonal antibodies – Production of vitamins, Organic acids, Alcohols, Antibiotics –

Penicillin.

UNIT IV

Bio fertilizers – Bacteria Azotobactor, Azospirillum – Blue green algae, Azolla,

Microrhyzaes types; Microrhyzae as bio fertilizers – Bio geochemical cycles – Biological

nitrogen fixation (Carbon cycle, sulphur cycle, Nitrogen cycle), Bioteaching Biomining.

UNIT V

Biotechnology in agriculture field – Toti potency basis of plant and tissue culture – media,

Types, callus, somatic embryogenesis, somoclonal variation, protoplast culture, cell clones

protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization – Hybrids – Micro propagation; Production of

haploid plants.

PRACTICAL –I FOR PAPER I, II, III

Colorimetric experiments

1. Isolation and estimation of Starch from potato.

2. Isolation and estimation of Glycogen from liver tissue (rat or goat)

3. Isolation and estimation of Ascorbic acid from citrus fruit.

4. Estimation of Fructose in fruits.

5. Estimation of Riboflavin from legumes.

6. Estimation of Niacin.

7. Determination of Vitamin E.

8. Estimation of Beta- Carotene from carrot.

9. Estimation of Total free amino acids in plant tissues.

10. Estimation of lecithin from egg yolk..

11. Determination of plant hormones – IAA or Gibberllin.

Enzymes studies

1. Assay of glutamine synthase or glutamate dehydrogenase.

2. Isolation, purification, properties and inhibitor studies of any one of the enzyme

Cellulase.

3. Estimation of albumin

4. Determination of Na + , K + using flame photometer

5. Determination of glucose, protein and chloride in CSF

Separation techniques

1. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography – circular,ascending &

descending.

2. Separation of lipids by TLC

3. Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography

PRACTICAL – II

Genetics and Molecular Biology

1. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of DNA

a. Non-denaturing b) Denaturing

2. Restriction analysis of DNA

3. Preparation of competent E coli - transformation

4. Plasmid DNA isolation

5. Genomic DNA isolation

6. Southern blot hybridization (demonstration )

7. Polymerase chain reaction for amplification of DNA (demonstration)

8. Estimation of RNA – UV and visible method.

9. Isolation and Estimation of DNA from spleen or Liver – UV and Visible method

Immunology

1. Immuno diffusion – Single radial and double immunodiffusion

2. Immunoelectrophoresis

3. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis

4. Agglutination tests

5. Raising of antibodies – Single soluble and particulate antigen

6. Identifying blood grouping and Rh typing.

M.Sc. BIO-TECHNOLOGY

FIRST YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Cytogenetics & Molecular Biology 100 3

2 Biological Techniques & Instrumentation 100 3

3 Enzymology & Enzyme Technology 100 3

4 General Micro-Biology & Bio-Chemistry 100 3

5 Immunology & Medical Bio-Chemistry 100 3

Practical 1 Paper I & II 100 6

Practical 2 Paper III, IV & V 100 6

SECOND YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Bio-Information & Environmental Bi-

Technology 100 3

2 Plant & Animal Bio-Technology 100 3

3 Bio-Engineering Technology 100 3

4 Recombinant DNA Technology 100 3

Practical 3 Paper VI & VII 100 6

Practical 4 Paper VIII & IX 100 6

Project Work 200 -

FIRST YEAR

PAPER I CYTOGENTICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT I

Chromosomes : Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes. Viral chromosomes. Chemical and

molecular structure of chromosomes. Types of chromosomes- polytene chromosomes,

lampbrush chromosomes, B-chromosomes. Genetic significance of chromosomes.

UNIT II

Variation in chromosome number : Euploidy-monoploidy, diploidy, polyploidy- examples of

polyploidy in plants. Examples of polyploidy in animals. Induction of polyploidy, kinds of

polyploidy, effects of polyploidy on the organism.

Unit III

Cytological mapping: conrtuction of linkage map or genetic mapping- determination of linkage

groups, determination of map distance, determination of gene order. Uses of genetic maps.

Genomic study of HIV, Mycobacterium sp., and Hepatitis virus.

UNIT IV

Organization of DNA into chromosomes Histones – Association of histones to the DNA

(Nucleosomes) – Position of nucleosomes, chromatin. DNA molecules in a series of looped

domains – units of function. Extra nuclear DNA Mitochondrial and Chloroplast DNA.

Cell Signaling – Communication between the cells and their environment : Characteristics of the

cell signaling system, Second messenger (Plant and animal cells ) and G protein coupled

receptors. Receptors of tyrosine kinases, Signals that originate from contact between cell

structure and substratum, Convergence, divergence and crosstalk among different signaling

pathways, other signaling pathways.

UNIT V

Regulation of gene action: Regulation of gene action in Prokaryotes – enzyme regulation of gene

action, operon hypothesis, example of lac operon. rRegulation of gene expression in simple

eukaryotes. Eukaryotic gene control, hormonal regulation, regulations by histones, regulation by

heterochromatin.

Recombination: Mechanism; forms of recombination

References:

1. Weaver,F. Robert, Hedrick, W.Philip. (1997) 3 rd ed.

Genetics. Wm.C.Brown publishers.

2. David Freifelder (1983) Jones & Bartlett publishers. 2ed Molecular biology. Reprint

(1993) Narosa Publishing House.

3. Gardner, Simmons 8 ed. Principles of Genetics.

4. Karp, G. 1999. Cell and Molecular Biology – Concepts and experiments. 2 nd edn.

Harris, D (ed.), John Wiley & sons, New York.

5. Kleinsmith, L. J. & Kish, V.M. 1995. Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology. 2 nd

edn., McLaughlin, S., Trost, K., Mac Elree, E. (eds.)., Harper Collins Publishers,

New York.

6. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Watson, J.D. (eds.) 1994.

Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3 rd edn., Garland Publishing, Inc., New York.

7. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E. M.F. 1995. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8 th

edn., B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi.

PAPER II BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT I

Chromatography – Principle, operative technique and applications of paper, TLC, adsorption

chromatography, GLC, and HPLC. Ion-Exchange, molecular sieve.

UNIT II

Electrophoretic techniques - Principle and technique of gel, SDS, high voltage and discontinuous

electrophoresis, Isoelectric focussing. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and capillary

electrophoresis.

UNIT III

Spectrophotometry- Basic principles, instrumentation and applications of UV, Visible, IR

spectrophotometers and Mass Spectrometry. Flame Photometry - Principles and applications.

UNIT IV

Centrifugation techniques – Principle, methodology and application of analytical centrifugation,

differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultra- centrifuge.

UNIT V

X-Rays - X-Ray diffraction, crystals and detectors, quantitative analysis and applications. Radio

chemical methods - Basic concepts, counting methods and applications. Autoradiography.

UNIT-VI

Tracer and other techniques- radioactive decay, units of radioactivity, detection and

measurement of radio activity, Geiger-Muller counter, Scintillation counter. Applications of

radioisotopes in biology.

References:-

1.An introduction to practical biochemistry by David T. Plummer.

2.Laboratory Manual in biochemistry by Pattabiraman and Acharya.

3.Practical biochemistry by J.Jayaraman.

4.Analytical Biochemistry, D.J.Homie and Hazal Peck, Longman group,3 rd edition,

1998.

5. Physical Biochemistry - Application of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,

David Friefelder, W.H.Freeman and Co., Second Edition, 1999.

6.Experimental Biochemistry, Robert Switzer and Liamgarrity, W.H.Freeman and

Co., Third Edition, 1999.

PAPER III ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

Unit I

Enzyme Techniques : Activity of enzymes, Handling of enzymes, Enzyme assays. Analysis of

enzymes activity(methods), expression of the activity coupled reactions. Isolation and

purification of enzymes. Importance of pure enzymes. Separation of Isoenzymes.

Unit II

Enzyme Kinetics : Velocity of a reaction, order of a reaction, progress curve for enzyme

catalysed reactions. Factors influencing velocity of enzyme catalysed reaction. Michaelis Menten

Kinetics, Km and Vmax. Effect of pH, temperature on enzymatic reactions. Anomalous kinetics

of competitive and non-competitive inhibition. End product inhibition with examples.

Unit III

Coenzymes : Coenzymes & Cofactors, substrate enzyme relationship. Calssification of co-

enzymes as group transfer, hydrogen transfer, conenzymes, structure of conenzymes function of

nucleotide coenzymes, CoA, NAD/NADP, FMN/FAD, Biotin, Folic acid, vit. B12, Biosynthesis

of puridine and flavin nucleotides and CoA.

Unit IV

Mechanism of Enzyme action : Enzyme specificity, Active site, Study of Mechanism of enzyme

reaction – pathway of enzyme catalysed reactions. Mapping of active site,. Mechanisms at

active site of enzymes – Covalent – catalysis, acid base catalysis. Proximity and orientation

effect. Structure and mechanism of action of representative enzymes. Chymotrypsin and

Ribonuclease.Regulation of enzyme activity – Covalent modulated regulatory enzymes.

Allosteric regulation.

Unit V

Enzyme Technology : Application in Food and Pharmaceutical industries- large scale enzyme

extraction, purification and stabilisation. Industrial application of carbohydrates, proteolytic

enzyme, lignocellulose degrading enzyme, pectin and pectic enzyme. Applications of enzymes

in food industry. Clinical enzymology – Serum enzymes in health and diseases. Immobilised

enzyme technology – designer enzymes – Abzymes Biosensors – Ribozymes.

References

1. Enzymes - Dixon & Webb

2. Biological Chemistry - Mahler & Cordes

3. Principles of Biochemistry - Lehninger

4. Human Nutrition - Biochemical Basis of Inherited

Diseases Fredrickson et. al.

5. Alan Weissman, Hand Book of Enzyme Biotechnology: 2 nd edition.

PAPER IV GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Unit 1:

Definition and historical account of microbiology. Diversified microbial world- Classification of

microbes based on Whittaker’s five kingdom system of classification. Structures of Bacteria,

viruses, Fungi, and algae.

Unit 2:

Nutritional requirements and growth cycles of the above mentioned groups. Media for growth:

Types, preparation, methods of sterilization. Isolation and enumeration of microorganisms in

soil, water and air. Isolation of microorganisms from contaminated food. Techniques of pure

culture, maintenance and preservation; Staining: stains and dyes, types of staining; General

techniques involved in Virology and Protozoology.

Unit 3:

Microbial physiology: Factors influencing the growth of microbes- classification based on that. (

Temperature, pH, Nutrition ). Symbiotic associations, commonsals, Saprophytes, etc..

Microbiology of fermented foods-dairy products, meat and fish, alcoholic beverages-beer, wine

etc. Food spoilage and preservation processes. Microbes as source of food. Application of

microbes in industries production of antibiotics, amino acids organic acids, bioconversion

process, microbial insecticides.

Unit 4:

Biochemistry of Metabolism : Carbohydrates and energy metabolism- fermentation or

glycolysis, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, Ammonia metabolism. Biosynthesis of

glutamate. Purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Synthesis of DNA and RNA. Biosynthesis of

cell wall - Peptidoglycan, and Teichoic acid.

Unit 5 :

Microbes as components of the environment-nutrient cycles-carbon-nitrogen, sulphur and

phosphorus cycles, Degradation of industrial wastes, petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides,

biofouling and corrosion. Bacterial photosynthesis, symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen

fixation. Antimicrobial agents-structure of antibiotics, antibacterial and antiviral (function &

mechanism of action).

Reference Books :

1. Fundamental principles of Bacteriology - A.J. Salle

2. Microbiology - Michael J. Pelchar, E.C.S.

Chan Noel R. Krieg.

3. Microbial physiology--Albert G.Moat and John W. Foster- Wiley-interscience

publication

4. Food microbiology- W.C. Frazier and D.C. Westhoff, tata Mcgra Hill publication.

5. Microbial Biotechnology – Alexander N.Glazer, Hiroshni - Kaido, W.H.Freeman

and Co.1995.

6. Chemical Microbiology, Antony H.Rose, Butterworths,Third Edition, Plenum

Press,1976.

1. Principles of fermentation technology, P.F. Stanbury, A. Whitaker, S.J.Hall,

Second Edition, Pergamon Publishers, 1995.

2. Biotechnology, A text of “Industrial Microbiology, Wulf Crueger and Anneliese

Crueger , Second Edition, Sinauer Associates Inc, Sanderland, 1989c.

PAPER V IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT I

Immunity- definition, innate immunity-Mechanisms of innate immunity. Acquired immunity-

active and passive immunity with examples. Antigens- definition and determination of

antiginicity. Antibodies- definition, types, and functions of antibodies. Hybridoma techniques in

monoclonal antibody production and their applications.

UNIT II

Antigen - antibody interaction in vitro - precipitation, agglutination, RIA, ELISA, complement

fixation techniques and applications. Preparation of antigens for animal inocuation. Purification

of antibodies from serum for agglutination and precipitation tests.

Principles and methods of vaccine preparation.

UNIT III

Structure and functions of immune system: Central thyroid organs and peripheral lymphoid

organs. Cells of lymphoreticular system- lymphocytes, T-cell maturarion, B-cell maturation.

Null cells, phagocytic cells. Antigen processing and presentation. MHC - Organization, MHC

molecules and genes, cellular distribution, regulation of MHC and immune Antigens. MHC and

disease. Transplantation and rejection.

UNIT IV

Complement system - general properties of complement. Complment activation. Classical

pathway and alternative pathway. Regulation of complement activation. Biological effects of C.

Hypersensitivity – classification –Immediate and delayed types. Type I, II, III and IV

Hypersensitivity reactions and its mechanisms.

UNIT V

Autoimmunity – Classification of auto immune disease – haemocytolytic auto immune disease,

localized auto immune disease, and systemic auto immune disease. Pathogenesis of auto immune

disease. Immunology of transplantation- autograft, allograft, isograft and xenograft.

Immunological techniques: RIA, ELISA, Immunocytochemistry, Immunoblotting , Flurescence

antibody techniques.

.

Reference:-

1. Immunology-An Introduction, Tizard R.Jan, 1995.

2. Immunology- Roitt Ivan, Jonathan Brastoff, David male, 1993

3. Text book of microbiology- AnanthanarayananR. And Jayaraman Panikar, 1996.

4. Immunology- Janis kuby, 3 rd edition.

5. Weir, D.M. and Stewart, J.,1997, Immunology, 8 th Edn. Churchill Livingston,

New York.

6. Eryl Liddell and Ian Weeks.,1995, Antibody Technology, BIOS Scientific

Publishers.

PRACTICAL I – PAPER I, II, and III

1. Instrumentation methods of cell biology

2. Microtomy

3. Observation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells and cell types.

4. Living Cells/Temporary/ Permanent preparations. Histochemical techniques

5. Squash preparation of giant chromosome of salivary gland of Chironomous larva.

6. Squash preparation of onion root tip.

7. Subcellular fractionation and biochemical/enzymyological analysis.

8. Cytochemical study of cells/cell types using specific dyes/reagents.

9. Immunocytochemical analysis for specific cellular constituents.

10. Metaphase chromosome preparations and preliminary banding techniques.

11. Isolation, determination, purification and separation of protein, carbohydrates,

12. lipids, DNA and RNA.

13. Production of enzyme (amylase)

14. Immobilization of cells and enzymes by Calcium alginate method

15. Kinetic analysis of enzymes

16. Thin layer chromatography

17. Paper chromatography

18. Poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis

References :

1. Sadasivam.S and Manickam,A. Biochemical Methods II Edition. New Age

International Private Ltd. Publishers.

2. Laboratory techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Work and Work.

3. A Biologist’s Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, K.Wilson

and K.H.Goulding, ELBS Edition, 1986.

4. Boyer, R, Modern Experimental Biochemistry, III edition, Benjamin Cummings

Publishers.

PRACTICAL II – PAPER IV, AND V

1. Culture media preparation liquid and solid medium

2. Selective differential Media

3. Methods of sterilization and testing of sterility

4. Enumeration of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes from soil

5. Pure culture technique – pour plate, spread plate and looping method

6. Maintenance and preservation of cultures.

7. Staining of Bacteria – gram, spore and AFB, Fungal wet mount – LPB

8. Motility test-hanging drop and soft agar inoculation

9. Water quality test – MPN

10. Effect of different parameters on bacterial growth kinetics (Substrate, pH, Temperature

11. Batch and Fed Batch fermentation

12. Continuous fermentation

13. Medium optimization for bacterial growth by statistical method.

14. Production of alcohol from molasses.

15. Production of organic acid (citric acid).

16. Purification of a fermentation product by Chromatography

17. Quantitation of total free amino acids

18. Quantitation of cholesterol

19. Quantitation of proteins

20. Quantitation of sugars

21. Immunization and collection of serum.

22. Radial immunodiffusion.

23. Ouchterlony double diffusion.

24. Immunoelectrophoresis.

25. Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis.

26. Immunodiagnostics (ELISA and Western Blotting).

27. Hemolysis.

28. Hemagglutination.

References:

1. Sadasivam.S and Manickam,A. Biochemical Methods II Edition. New Age

2. International Private Ltd. Publishers.

3. Laboratory techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Work and Work.

4. A Biologist’s Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, K.Wilson

5. and K.H.Goulding, ELBS Edition, 1986.

6. Boyer, R, Modern Experimental Biochemistry, III edition, Benjamin Cummings

7. Publishers.

Paper VI Bioinformatics and Environmental biotechnology

UNIT – I

Introduction – Goals – Scope – Fundamentals or Biological system – cells – cell transport

through plasma membrane – energetic and respiration – Cell cycle – Fundamentals of genetics –

Immune system – triology of environment – basic principles and population ecology – Food

chain, Food web in ecosystem.

UNIT – II

Molecular modeling – Introduction – Molecular structure and internal energy –

application macromolecular modeling – Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics of

oligopeptides, Nucleotides, Proteins, Drug molecules, molecular design – emerging areas in

Bioinformatics – Bio-computing.

UNIT III

Study of microbial population in soil, water, and air: – isolation, screening, and enumeration.

Food microbiology – types of microorganisms in meet, and meat products. vegetables, dairy

products; production of baker’s yeast, and other dairy products.

UNIT IV

Industrial– microbial synthesis of commercial products, organic acids, alcohols, alcoholic

beverages and industrial enzymes; biofertilizers and bioinsecticides. vaccine production from

microbes; antibiotics production.

UNIT V

Waste water treatment – Physical, chemical and biological treatment processes. Activated

sludge, oxidation ditches, trickling filter, towers, rotating discs, rotating drums, oxidation ponds.

Anaerobic digestion, anaerobic filters.Bioremediation of contaminated soils and waste lands.

Soil waste; - composting, vermiculture and methane production

References:

1. Microbial biotechnology, Fundamentals of applied microbiology by A.N.Glazer and

H.Nikaido, W.H.Freeman and Company.

2. P.F.Stanbary and A.Whittaker, Principles of Fermentation Technology, Pergamann

Press.

3. Casida, Industrial Microbiology

4. Prescott, Industrial Microbiology

5. Alan and Scragg, 1999, Environmental Biotechnology. Pearson Education Ltd.

England.

6. S.N.Jogdand, 1995, Environmental Biotechnology Himlaya Publishing House Bombay.

7. Waste Water Engineering – Treatment, Disposal and reuse. Metcalf and Eddy, Inc.,

TATA McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

8. A.K.De, Environmental Chemistry Willey Eastern Ltd. New Delhi.

9.D.Allsopp and K.J.Seal, Introduction to Biodeterioration, ELBS/Edward Arnold.

Paper VII Plant and animal biotechnology

UNIT I

Plant genome expression. Interaction between nuclear and organellar genome. Plant genes.

UNIT II

Cultivation: Tissue culture media. Different types of culture methods: Primary culture cell line;

cell clones; callus and suspension culture. Embryo culture. Protoplast fusion and somatic

hybridization. Micropropagation; organogenesis; Somatic embryogenesis; Protoplast fusion and

somatic hybridization. Cybrids; Anther, pollen and ovary culture for production of haploid plants

and homozygous lines. DNA banking for germplasm conservation.

Unit III

Vectors and genetic transfer: Characteristics of Ti and Ri plasmids, Use of Ti and Ri as vectors,

viral vectors. binary vectors, Use of promoters for foreign gene expression in plants, genetic

markers, use of reporter genes, receptor gene with intron. Viral vectors and their applications.

Gene transfer methods in plants: multiple gene transfers, direct DNA transfer. Transformation of

monocots. Transgene stability and gene silencing. Chloroplast transformation and its advantage.

Developing pest resistant species - Biocontrol methods - Bioengineered biocontrols –

Biotechnology of weed control – Bioremediation and Biofertilizers.

Unit IV

Animal cell culture: Different types of Culture media. Factors affecting the cell growth(

nutrition, growth factors, temperature, pH, etc..). Cell transformation; Physical, chemical and

Biological methods; manipulation of genes; Hybridoma technology and its applications.

Unit V

Application of biotechnology: Transgenic animals in livestock improvement, Transgenic animals

as models for human diseases; transgenics in industry.

Text book

Slater Andrian (2003) Plant biotechnology: The genetic manipulation of plants. Oxford

University Press

Donal Grierson and S.V.Convey 1984 Plant molecular biology. Blackie & Son Ltd. New York

References:

.

1. R.A.Dixon and R.A.Gonzales, 1994. Plant cell culture. A practical approach. Second

Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

2. Monica. A. Hughes, 1999, Plant Molecular Genetics. Pearson Education Ltd. England.

3. Mantell,S.H. and Smith,H. 1983, Plant biotechnology . Cambridge University Press.

4. M.J.Chrispeels and D.F.Sadava. 2000, Plants genes agriculture. The American Scientific

Publishers.

5. R.J.Henry, 1997 Practical application of plant molecular biology. Chapmans and Hall.

6. P.K.Gupta. 1996 Elements of Biotechnology Rastogi and Co. Meerut.

7. J.Hammond, P. Mc Garvey and V.Yusibov (Eds) 2000 Plant biotechnology. Springer

Verlag.

8. Ta, Fu, G.Singh and R.Curtis Plant cell and tissue culture in the production of food

ingredients Kluwer Academic / Plenum Press.

9. H.S.Chawla. 1998, Biotechnology in crop improvement. International Book Distributor

Company.

10. Freshney, R .I, Animal cell culture; A practical approach, 4 th edition, John Wiley

publications.

11. Jennie Mather, David Barnes, Methods in cell biology; volume 57.Animal cell culture

methods, Academic press.

12. M.Butler, Mammalian cell biotechnology; A practical approach, Oxford university press.

13. Maxine Singer and Paul Berg, Exploring Genetic Mechanism,

14. Old and Primrose, Principles of genetic manipulations .6th edition, Blackwell science

publications.

Paper VIII Bioengineering technology

UNIT I

Introduction to genetics - Mendelian analysis of inheritance. Genes, chromosomes and

mechanism of Mendelian inheritance. Multiple alleles and gene interaction Linkage and gene

mapping in eukaryotes. Extranuclear inheritance.

UNIT II

Restriction endonuclease - types and function, restriction mapping . Nucleic Acid probes -

cloned probes, oligonucleotide probes and labeling of nucleic acid probes. Nucleic acid

hybridisation blotting - liquid and dot blot technique; southern, northern and western

hybridisation reactions, In situ hybridisation, Polymerase chain reaction - applications. DNA

finger printing technique - paternity testing, use of VNTR, DNA foot printing technique. Comet

Assay and Ames test. Chemical synthesis of genes. Human Genome project -human genome

mapping and sequencing.

UNIT III

Genetic carriers - Plasmids as vectors - properties, Natural plasmids, pSC 101, pBR 322, vectors

pUC vectors . Bacteriophage vectors - Lamda phage packing of ë - in vitro. Cosmid vectors,

cosmid cloning SS DNA vectors -development of M13 vector, PEMBL vector, Lambda ZAP.

Viral vectors - SV40, retrovirus, adenovirus, recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. Baculo virus

vector for insects, Transposons as vectors.

UNIT IV

Genomic library and chromosome walking: cDNA - Cloning cDNA, library Expression of

cloned genes in E. coli .Cloning in Bacillus subtilis. Cloning in yeasts Recombination. selection

and screening - methods and probes.

UNIT V

Animal cell: Transfer, Co-transfer, selectable markers like TK, PSV and PRSV and reporter

genes. Gene targeting in animal cells. Animal expression eg. Transfer of cloned genes -

Drosophila, Xenopus oocytes. Transgenic mammals, Gene Knockout. Pharm animals (animal

bioreactors). Application in diagnosis of genetic disorders - Cystic fibrosis, musucular dystrophy,

Huntinghton's disease. Gene therapy.

Reference Books:

(1) Strickberger, M.W. Genetics (Third Edition),1996, Printice Hall of India Ltd.,

New Delhi.

(2) Alberts, B. et. al., 1994, Molecular Biology of the Cell (Third Edition), Garland

Publishing Inc., New York.

(3) Gilbert, S.F.,1997 , Developmental Biology (Fifth Edition), Sinaner Associates,

Inc. Sutherland.

(4) Levine, B., 2000, Genes VII. Oxford University Press.

(5) Weaver, R.F. & Hedrick, P.W., 1992, Genetics (Second Edition), Wm. C. Brown

Publishers, USA.

(6) Hartl, D.L. & Jones, E.W., 2001,Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes (Fifth

Edition), Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sadbury, Massachusetts.

(7) Peter Westhoff, Molecular Plant Development from Gene to Plant.

(8) Howell, S.H. Molecular Genetics of Plant Development.

Paper IX Recombination DNA technology

UNIT I

Introduction: vectors as cloning vehicles – plasmids, cosmids, Ti and Ri plasmids, BAC, YAC,

expression vectors, shuttle vectors, Transposons. Enzymes – exonucleases, endonucleases –

restriction endonucleases, ligases, polymerases; DNA modification enzymes – methylase,

alkaline phosphatase; reverse transcription ; topoisomerase; Vector host cells like – E. coli,

Bacillus, yeast, plant cells and animal cells.

UNIT II

Vector preparation and genetic transfer: Preparation of plasmid DNA – alkaline lysis, boiling

preparation; DNA quantification – spectrophotometric technique; gene transfer techniques –

transformation, transduction and conjugation; transformation –

competence preparation, heat shock method, electroporation. Development of transgenic animals

and plants.

UNIT III

Genetic expression analysis of cloned genes: Selection of cloned genes – antibiotics, GUS

expression; blotting techniques – Southern blot and Northern blot; PCR; DNA Finger printing –

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP); Random amplified polymorphic DNA

(RAPD); DNA Foot printing; genomic library construction – cDNA, genome mapping.

UNIT IV

rDNA Technology in plants : Transgenic plants with reference to virus and pest resistances,

herbicide tolerance and stress tolerance (cold, heat and salt); fruit ripening; resistance to

pathogenic fungi and bacteria

UNIT V

rDNA Technology for human welfare: Transgenic animals – insulin, interferon and other

pharmaceutical production; recombinant bovine growth hormone; farm animal protection; Gene

therapy – haemopoietic cells,genetically engineered bone marrow cells, skin fibroblasts,

hepatocytes, myoblast and genetically modified lymphocytes – Recombinant Technology in the

production

of vaccines. In industry- amino acid synthesis, vitamin production, and other secondary

metabolite synthesis.

Reference Books:

(1) OLD & PRIMROSE , 1989, Principles of gene manipulation 3 rd EDITION PUBLISHERS

BUSINESS SERVICE .

(2) J.D. WATSON, M.GILMAN, J.WITKOWSKI & M.ZOLLER,1992, Recombinant DNA

Technology, 2 nd EDITION, SCIENTIFIC AMERICANS BOOKS, NEWYORK.

(3) S. MAULIK AND S.D. PATEL,1997, Molecular Biotechnology,

WILEY– LISS.

(4) K.KREUZER & A.MASSEY, 1996, r - DNA technology and

Biotechnology ,ASM PRESS, WASHINGTON. D.C

(5) D.BERG & M.SINGER,1992,Dealing with genes,BLACKWELL

SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

(6)B.R.GLICK J.J.PASTERNAK,1994,MolecularBiotechnology,ASM

PRESS,WASHINGTON

(7) B.LEWIN, 2000, Gene VII ,OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS,

NEWYORK.

(8) T.KOSUGE, C.P. MEREDIT,1989, Genetic engineering of plants

HOLLAENDER PLENUM PRESS .

(9) BUTTERWORTH – HEINEMANN, 1993 , Genome management in prokaryotes , OPEN

UNIVERSITEIT NEDERLAND

(10) BUTTERWORTH – HEINEMANN,1993, Techniques for Engineering Genes, OPEN

UNIVERSITEIT NEDERLAND.

(11) W.WU., M.J. WELSH, P.B. KAUFMAN & H.H. ZHANG, 1997, Methods in Gene

Biotechnology, CRC PRESS, NEWYORK .

Practical III for

Paper VI - Bioinformatics and environmental biotechnology

Paper VII - Plant and animal biotechnology

1. Isolation and characterization of industrially important microorganisms.

2. Determination of Thermal Dealth Point (TDP) and Thermal Dealth Time (TDT) of

microorganisms of design of a sterilizer.

3. Determination of growth curve of a supplied microorganisms

4. Comparative studies of Ethanol production.

5. Microbial production of Citric Acid using Aspergillus niger

6. Biogas production using simple fermenters.

7. Analysis of water samples (pH, turbidity, color, total solids, suspended solids, dissolved

solids) Estimation of BOD and COD, Turbidity & Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity

of different effluents.

8. Quality of milk checking (Methyl blue dye reduction test).

9. Microbial analysis of food products.

Microbial spoilage of food.

10. Tissue Culture Techniques

11. Media composition and preparation

12. Micropropagation through node and shoot tip explants

13. Organ development from cultured tissue

14. Initiation and maintenance of callus

15. Measurement of plant cell growth, (PCV, cell number, Wet and Dry Weights)

16. Detecting antibacterial secondary metabolite production by cultured tissue

17. Preparation of Tissue culture medium and membrane filtration.

18. Preparation of primary cells from Chick embryo.

19. Cell counting and cell viability.

20. Isolation of DNA from animal cells.

Practical IV for

Paper VIII – Bioengineering technology

Paper IX - Recombination DNA technology

1. Plasmid extraction : Alkaline lysis, E. coli and Agrobacterium .

2. Chromosomal DNA Isolation in blood by agarose gel electrophoresis method.

3. Chloroplast DNA Isolation in plant tissue such as Mulberry, Cotton by submerged agarose gel

electrophoresis method.

4. Quantification of DNA in E.coli by spectrophotometric method.

6. Estimation of DNA in animal tissue such as Blood, Liver, Spleen and thymus (Laboratory

Rat).

7. DNA Restriction.

8. DNA Digestion.

9. DNA Ligation.

10. DNA Transformation.

11. Southern and Northern Blotting.

Reference Books:

1. Kalyan Kumar De,1992, Plant Tissue Culture , New Central Book Agency

,Calcutta

2. Robert N. Trigiano, Dennis J. Gray, 1996 ,Plant Tissue Culture Concept and Laboratory

Exercises , CRC Press , London.

3. P.S. Srivasta , 1998 , Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology , Narosa Publishing House ,

New Delhi.

4. David W. Galbraith, Hans J. Bohnert and Don P. Bourque , 1995 , Methods in Plant Cell

Biology , Academic Press , New York.

5. John H. Dodds and Lorrin W. Roberts , 1995 , Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture, Cambidge

University Press , USA.

6. D.C. Darling and S.J. Morgan,1994, Animal Cells Culture and media ,BIOS Scientific

Publishers Limited.

7. Jennie P. Mather and David Barnes,1998, Methods in Cell Biology, Volume 57:

8. Animal Cell Culture Methods Academic Press.

Ann Harris,1996, Epithelial Cell Culture ,Cambridge University Press .

M.Sc MICROBIOLOGY

FIRST YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Introductory Microbiology 100 3

2 Microbial Physiology 100 3

3 Microbial Ecology and Bio-degradation 100 3

4 Microbial Genetics and Molecular

biology 100 3

5 Immuno Hematology and Immuno

Pathology 100 3

Practical 1 Paper I & II 100 6

Practical 2 Paper III, IV & IV 100 6

SECOND YEAR

PAPERS Subject Max. Marks Exam Hrs

1 Clinical Microbiology 100 3

2 Fermentation Technology 100 3

3 Applied Industrial and Diary Microbiology 100 3

4 Soil and Agricultural Microbiology 100 3

Practical 1 Paper VI 100 3

Practical 2 Paper VII, VIII & IX 100 6

IST –

YEAR

Paper – 1

INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT – I HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY

First observation of bacteria

Spontaneous generation

The Germ theory of disease of disease

Contributions Louis Pastuer, Robert Koch and others to the field of microbiology

Comparision of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic microbial cells

A classification of living world from Kingdom through Phyla

Structural classification of bacteria

UNIT – II MICROSCOPY

Light microscope

Compound microscope

Phase contrast microscope

*Flourescent microscope

Electron microscope

UNIT – III BASICS OF MICROBILOGICAL PRACTICE

Sterilization and Disinfection – Physical and chemical methods, Filtration,

Radition

Culture media – Preparation of culture media, aerobic and anaerobic culture

methods,

Types of media

A note on animal culture, tissue culture egg inoculation for viruses.

UNIT – IV IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA

Isolation of organisms in pure culture.

Bacterial colony morphology.

Staining , Spore staining, Flagellar staining.

Biochemical characteristics

Serologic Reactivity.

UNIT – V ACTIONS OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

Properties of an antibiotic

Mechanisms of action

Antiobiotics acting on cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, protein synthesis

Metabolic antagonism – competitive and non competitive inhibition

Antibiotic assay and Antimicrobial assay.

Paper – 2

MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY

UNIT – I CELL STRUCTURE OF MICROORGANISMS

The bacterial surface-Capsules, The cell wall, The cell membrane, flagella, Pili or

fimbriae

Inside the cell – The nucleus, Mitochondria, Sproes, Granules, ribosomes

UNIT – II GROWTH AND UNTRITION

The process of cell reproduction, the measurement of bacterial growth

The growth cycle-Phases of cycle

The steady state, synchronized cell division, Mixed population

Essential Nutrition, Specific Nutritional Requirements-Minerals and Vitamins

UNIT – III DEHYDROGRENATION AND RSPIRATION

Dehydrogenation

Respiration, the pathway to Gaseous Oxygen – Directed Oxidation, The direct

cytochrome pathway, The indirect cytochrome pathway

The functions of the Respiration pathway – The Pastuer Effect, Oxidative

phosphorylation

Oxidation-Reduction potentials

The strict anaerobes

UNIT – IV MECHANISMS OF SURVIVAL

The endospore

The L Forms of bacteria

Impermeability and Detoxification

Resistance to mutation

UNIT – V VIRULENCE FACTORS

The character of virulence

Bacterial capsules and Toxins

Extracellular enzymes and Activators-Alpha toxin, Hyaluronidases, coagulases,

streptokinase, Haemolysins, Proteinases.

Nutritional dependence and Virulence.

Paper – 3

MICROBIAL ECOLOGY & BIODEGRADATION

UNIT – I

Introduction to environmental microbiology – microbial community and

neighborhood involvement-prokaryoticdiversity, form eco-pyhsiology and habitat.

Methodology : Overview on general methodology, analytical microscopy, cultivation of

bacterial, fungi algae, protozoa, cultivation and assay of animal virsus, cultivation of

microbial consortia – emerging technologies like bioreporters, biosensors, microprobes.

UNIT – II WATER MICROBIOLOGY IN PUBLIC HEALTH

Waterbome transmission of infectious agents, detection of microbes in environmental

fresh waters and dtinking waters-microbial indicators of marine recreational waters – Control

of microorganisms in source water and drinking water – assessing the efficacy of water

treatment.

UNIT – III AQUATIC MICRBIOLOGY

Overview – primary producers – bacterial secondary producers – sulfur cycling –

microbial nitrogen cycling – phosphorous cycling – metal requirements and tolerance.

UNIT – IV SOIL MICROBIOLOGY

Introduction – soil rhizosphere and phyllosphere – microbial sampling of soil –

isolation and culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi – assessment of enzymatic activity in

soil.

UNIT – V AERBIOLOGY

Introduction – sampling – airbone fungi and mycotoxins – Legionella and

Legionnaries Disease – airbone virsuses – aerbiology of agricultural pathogens.

UNIT – VI BIODEGRADATION

Biotransformation and biodegradation Overview – Methods of determining

degradability – measuring physiochemical limitation on biodegradations – hydrocarbon

degradations – Bioaugmentation – use of fungi in biodegradation – biodegradation on intro

aromatic compounds, PAH, Halogenated solvents – agricultural chemicals – Poly chlorinated

Biphenyls – Ecology of Iron reducing bacteria – microbiology of metal mining industry.

Paper – 4

MICROBIAL GENITCS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT – I MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETICS

The Bacterial chromosome – Structure of DNA

DNA Replication – The replicon, the origin and direction of replication

Decodnign the chromsosome-Transcription, Promoters

Genetic code-tRNA and codon recognition, the structure of tRNA

Protein synthesis-Processing of mRNA : initiation, elongation, termination and

post transulational modifications.

UNIT – II GENETIC VARIATION AND GENE TRANSFER

Mutation and variation –mutagenesis, mutagens, bacteria as indicators of

mutagenic of carcinogenic compounds

Repair of Genetic damage-photo reactivation, excision repair, Helicase 11,

mismatch repair, SOS inducible repair

Genetic suppression-direct and indirect suppression

Gene transfer-transformation, conjugation (the formation of Hfr cells from F++

cells), formation of f’ cells.

Transduction-generalized, specialized and abortive transduction.

UNIT – III MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

Episomes AND Plasmids-bacteriocinogenic factors, drug resistance, pencillinase

plsmids The Genetics and Enzymology of Genetic Recombination

Cloning vectors and cloning strategies

Mechanisms of recombination

Construction of genomic library

UNIR – IV REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

Regulatory elements-Operon (promoters, operators, attenuator regions)

Positive regulation of enzyme synthesis

Catabolite-sensitive promoters and catabolite repression

Regulation of biosynthetic systems-trp operon, auto regulation of enzyme

synthesis

Metabolic regulation-simple and product regulation, metabolite activation

Mechanism of end product inhibition and metabolite activation

UNIT – V PHAGE, YEAST AND FUNGAL GENETICS

T4, T7 and I phages

P22, fx 174, MS2 phages

Yeast and fungal genetics

Genetics of streptomycetes

Paper – 5

IMMUNOLOGY, IMMUNOHAEMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

UNIT – I IMMUNE SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY

History of Immunology; structures, composition and function of cells and organs

involved in immune system; host parasite relationships; microbial infections; Virulence and

host resistance; Immune response-innate immunity, acquired immunity.

UNIT – II ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES

Antigens – structure and properties – types – iso and allo – haptens, adjuvants-antigen

specificity. Vaccines and toxoids. Imunoglobulins – structure – heterogeneity – types and

subtypes-properties (phsico, chemical & biology); Theory of antibodies production.

Compliment – structure – components – properties and functions of complement

components; complement pathway and biological consequences of complement activation.

UNIT – III ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS

In vitro methods – Agglutinations, precipitation, complement fixation. Immuno

flurescence, ELISA. Radio Immune Assays; In vivo method: skin test and Immune complex

Tissue demonstration applications of these methods in diagnosis of microbial disease.

UNIT – IV IMMUNOHAEMOTOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

Blood groups, Blood transfusion and Rh incompatibilities. Hyper sensitivity

Reactions : Antibody mediated type-1. Anaphy laxis type-2. Antibody

dependent cell cytotoxicity type-3. Immune complex mediated reaction

type-4. Cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction.

Tumor immunology – tumor antigens, cells involved severe combined

deficiency Autoimmune diseases-possible mechanisms of autoimmunity :

sequestered antigens, altered self, lack of suppressor T cells.

Human autoimmune disease-systemic lupus erythematous, Myasthenia

Gravis MHC and Disease-HLA association with disease, mechanisms of

disease association.

UNIT – V IMMUNOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES

Preparation of serum from blood

Purification and analysis pf Ig G—Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation, DEAE

Anion exchange chromatography

Precipitation analysis in gel-Ouchterlony double diffusion,

Immunoelectrophoresis, Radial Immunodiffusion

Protein Blotting – Dot blotting, Western blotting

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay : ELISA

FIRST YEAR PRACTICALS

PRACTICAL – I

1. Culture media preparation

2. Staining methods – simple staining, Gram’s staining. Capsular staining, Acid-Fast

staining, andendospore staining.

3. Isolation and enumeration of microbes from soil, air and water-palte cout method

4. Antibiotic sensitivity test

5. Antibiotic assay

6. Biochemical reactions-IMViC reactions, carbohydrate fermentation and gas

production, TSI, H2S production, catalase production, starch hydrolysis.

7. Bacterial growth curve

8. Yeast growth curve

9. Effect of pH, Temperature and salinity on growth of microorganisms

10. Biotreatment of domestic water

11. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons

12. analysis of drinking water by MPN method.

13. BOD

PRACTICAL – 2

1. Isolation of Nucleic acids

2. Isolation of Plasmids

3. Isolation of Antibiotic resistant mutants

4. Induction of mutants of radiation

5. Induction of mutants by chemicals

6. Transformation of E. COLI by plasmid DNA

7. Demonstration of plaque formation

8. Plotting one step growth curve of lytic bacteriophage

9. Agglutination reactions-WIDAL Blood grouping

10. Precipitation reactions – VDRL

11. Purification of IgC- Ammonium sulhpate precipitation

12. PAGE analysis of IgC submit structure

13. Ouchterlony Double Diffusion

14. Immunoelectrophoresis

15. Radial immunodiffusion

SECOND YEAR

Paper – 6

MEDICAL AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

This involves study of medically important bacteria, fungi and virsus; classification of

bacteria, fungi, protozoan and viruses.

UNIT – I

Bacteria : Streptococci, Staphylococci, clostridia, Mycobatcterium, Yesinia,

Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Brucella,

Neisseria, Spirochetes, Leptospira, Chlamydoa, Mycoplasma, Rickettsiae bome disease.

UNIT – II

Fungi : All Medically important fungal diseases and respective causative agents.

UNIT – III

Parasites – Malaria and major disease causing Protozoa and Helminths prevalent in

India.

UNIT – IV

Viruses : Adeno virus, Rhino virus, corona virus, Orthomyxo and paramyxo viruses,

Picorna virus, Herpes virus, Hepatitis Family of Viruses, Rhabdo virus, Rubella, Parvoiridae,

Pox virus, Toga virus, Flavivirus, Retro virus, Bunya virus, filo and Orbivirus and other slow

viruses.

UNIT – V

Clinical microbiology : Types of specimens relied on, transport of specimens,

processing of specimens, cultivation, differentiation, identification procedures of major

bacteria and protozoa’s. General procedures for viruses and specific methods and techniques

like ELISA, RIA, DOT BLOT, WEATERN BLOT, NORTHERS BLOT, OTHER

HYBRIDISATION TECHNIQUES, Immuno fluorescent techniques used in identification

and quantification.

Paper – 7

FERMENTATIION TECHNOLOGY

UNIT – I: An introduction to fermentation processes :

Processes – microbial biomass, microbial enzymes, microbial metabolities,

recombinant products, transformation process –mchronological development of fermentation

industry.

UNIT – II : Microbial growth kinetics

Batch culture, Continous culture, Fed-Batch culture with respective examples.

UNIT – III : isolation and preservation of industrially important

Screening-enrichment process – storage – quality control of preserved stocks –

improvement of industrial microorganisms, mutations, recombinant process – other

properties defining the process success – strain stability, resistance to phage infection-non-

foaming strains – low exygen tolerance – devoid of undesirable products.

UNIT – IV : Media for inductrial fermentation. Introduction, typical media, medium

formulation, Water, energy sources, Carbon sources, Nitrogen sources, Minerals, Growth

factors, Buffers, Medium optimization – trade elements, Osmolality, pH, Non-nutritional

media supplement.

UNIT – V : Sterilisation

Introduction – Medium sterilization – Batch sterilization – del factor, holding time,

Richards rapid method, scale up of process. Design of continuous sterilization – Of media,

air, exhaust gas, theory and design of depth filters.

UNIT – VI : Development of inoculum

INTRODUCTIN, Criteria for inoculums transfer, for bacterial and fungal processes,

spore inoculums, vegetative fungi inoculums, aspeptic inoculums transfer, lab scale and plant

scale.

UNIT – VII : Design of Fermenter

Introduction – aseptic operations – body contruction – aeration and agitation –

maintenance of aseptic conditions – valves and steam traps – other fermenter designs –

Waldhof fermenter , Acetators and cavitators, tower fermenter, air-lift fermenter, packed

tower. Scale-up and scale-down methods.

UNIT – VIII : Recovery of fermentation products

Centrifugation, Cell disruption, liquid extraction, Super critical fluid extraction,

Chromatography, membrane processes, Drying, Crystallization.

UNIT – IX : Instrumentation and control

Measuring process variables – temperature – flow measurement – pressure

measurement – safety valves – agitator power – foam sensing and control – Weight – pH –

redox – inlet and out let gas – carbon dioxide measurement. Online analysis of other

chemical factors – mass spectrometers, infrared spectroscopy, enzyme and microbial

electrodes – ion specific sensors. Controls – manual and automatic controls and types of

controls – complex controllers – Data logging – data analysis – Process control.

Paper – 8

APPLIED INDUSTRIAL AND DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT – I : Cultures

Isolation, screening for metabolites, culture preservation and inoculum development,

solid and liquid fermentation, strain improvement.

UNIT – II : Process

Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation, continues culture, cell culture.

UNIT – III : Recombinant DNA Applications

Bacterial genomics, tools used in recombinant DNA applications, polycistronic

operons in E Coli, folding of recombinant proteins.

UNIT – IV : Environmental Biotechnology

Bioprospecting, biomarkers and bioreporters to track microbes and monitor their gene

expression, bioremediation, biofilms and biocorrosion.

UNIT – V : Secondary Metabolites

Engineering antibiotic biosynthetic pathways, genes for biosynthesis of microbial

secondary metabolites, bacteriocins and their use in industrial applications.

UNIT – VI : Diary Microbiology

Common microbes encountered in dairy products, tracing for the sources of microbes,

microbial limits of dairy products tests used for ascertaining the quality of raw material to

finished product – preserved milk, UHT milk, spray dried milk powder, cheese types of

cheese and their production, curd butter milk. Processing of Ice creams and other frozen

milk food. Microbial catalysts used in specialized dairy product production, new area of

functional foods-probiotic in animal feed and human digestive therapy.

Paper – 9

SOIL AND AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT – I : Organisms in Soil

Number and kinds of organism in soil

Functions of organisms in soil

Biology of soil

Quantitative and Qualitative assay of organisms in soil

Classification of soil bacteria

UNIT – II : Mineralization

Nitrogen cycle, Phosphoru cycle

Production of ammonia – nitrifying organisms

Digestion of cellulose – organisms involved

Biological N2 fixation – symbiotic and non-symbiotic N2 fixation

Iron oxidizing bacteria

UNIT – III : Photosynthesis

Bacterial Photosynthesis

Green sulfur bacteria

Purple sulfur bacteria

UNIT – IV : Plant Disease

Economic importance of plant diseases

How pathogens enter into plants

Classification of plant pathogens – Necrotrophs and Biotrophs

Vectors of plant pathogens

Hemiptera, (piesmatidae, aphidoidae, Cicadellidae, Fulgoroidae, Pseudococcidae

Thysanoptera (thripide)

Diptera (Tephritidae. Anthomyiidae. agromyzidae)

Coleopteran (Chrysomelidae, Scolytidae)

Hymenoptera (Apidae, Formicidae)

UNIT – V : Control of Plant Diseases

Survival of plant pathogens

Disease control

Pesticides

Breeding resistant plants

Biological control – microbial pesticides

Microbial degradation of pesticides.

SECOND YEAR PRACTICALS

PRACTICAL – 3

1. Identification of

a. STAPHYLOCOCCI

b. STREPTOCOCCI

c. E. COLI

d. PROJETUS sp – isolation, staining, culture and biochemical

reactions.

2. Preparation of Blood smear of malarial parasite

3. Demonstration of eggs and ova of Round worm, Hook worm, Tape worm and Entamoeba

sp.

PRACTICAL – 4

1. production of antibiotics

2. production of Amylase

3. production of alcohol

4. production of Vinegar

5. microbial production of biogas

6. development of SCP and Biofertilizer

7. Recovery and purification of fermentation products – enzymes, antibiotics and

alcohol

8. Scales up from flask to lab fermentor

9. Pasteurization of milk and test for it.

10. Isolation of plant pathogens form diseased plants : fungal and bacterial

11. Isolation of N2 fixing bacteria from Rhizosphere.