NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 1983GKOUf I- tAK.TS II If1 I V V a n d X

As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank

GROUP 1PART 11 ADMINISTRATION PART III DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS PART IV FIRE PROTECTION PART V BUILDING MATERIAtS PART X SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY STRUCTURES

BUREAU

OF

INDIAN

STANDARDSN E W D E L H I -

MANAKBHAVAN,9BAHADURSHAHZAFARMARG,

SP 7(l): 1983FIRST PUBLISHED DECEMBER 1970 FIRST REVISION APRIL 1984 FIRST REPRINT MAY 1992

0 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

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THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 1983 WAS ADOPTED BY THE BUREAU OFINDIAN STANDARDS (THEN INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION) ON 26 DECEMBER 1983, AFTER THE DRAFT FINALIZED BY THE GUIDING COMMITTEE FOR NATIONAL BUILDING CODE HAD BEEN APPROVED BY THE CIVIL ENGINEERING DIVISION COUNCIL.

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FOREWORI:)Consrructinn programmes a r e i n t e r w o v e n iti a large measure in ali sectors of development. br it housing, transport. industry. irrigation, power. agriculture, educati rccommendatlons are found iri the Report on Economics in Constructinn si> published in 1968. One of the facets ofbuildiq construction. namci!. conttoilingand regulat!ng buildings through municipal byelaws and departmental handbooks recei\,ed the atrentlon of the Panel and a study of thqsc regulatory practices I-evealsd thirt some of the prcvaiiing methods of construction are outmoded; some designs arc o\,erburdcneci with satet! factors and there arc other design criteria \vhlch. in the light of newer techmquch anh methodologieb. could be rationalized; and bullding byclaws and repulation~ of municipal bodies which largely regulate the building activit! In the country whrrevrr they exist, were outdated. They did not cater to the UIL of neu buiidlng materials and the latest developments in buildrng designs and construction techniclues. It alscl became clear that these codes and byelaws lacked uniformity and they were mol-e often than not specification oriented and not performance oriented. .fhese studies resulted m a recommendation tha: a National Building Code be prepared to unify the building regulations throughout the country for use by government departments, municipal b o d i e s a n d other c o n s t r u c t i o n agencies. ~The Indian Standards Institutmn was entrusted bythe Planning Commission with the preparation of the Nationai t3uilding Code. For fulfilling this task a Guiding Committee for the preparation of 111~ Code. was set up by the Civil Engineering Ditision Council in 1967. T!iis Comrniticc. in turn, set up I8 :,pecialist panels to prepare th2 various parts of the Code. The Guidil ;g Committee and its panels were constituted with architects. :own planners. material:; experts. structural, construction, electrical illumination, airconditioning, acoustics and puhi!c health engineers. These experts were drawn irorn the Central and State Ciovcrnmen:\. local bodies. professional institutions and private agencies. The first vcrsior: oi the Code wan puh!ished in 1970. After the National Building Code was publishcti in 1970. a vigorous implementation drive was launched by the ISI to propagate the conrents and use 01 the Code among all concerned in the field of planning, desiguinp and COtIStillCtiOtl activities. FOI- this. State-wise implementation conferences wet-c organilcd with the participation of the leading engineers, architects. town planners. administrators, buildirq material manufacturers. building and plurnblng services installation dgcncirs, cuntractorz, etc. These conferences have been useful in getting across the conteiits of the Code to t!le interests concerned. .These conferences have also heiped in the eatabli>hment of Action Committees to look into the actual irnpiementation work carried out by the construction departments. local bodies and other agencies in different State.- and town levels, zilla parishads, panchayats and development authorities, so as tobrivg them in line with the provisions contained in the National Building Code. Arlsmg out ot this,

considerable progress has been made by most of the states in revising their building byelaws with the assistance of ISI. Some of the byelaws of corporations, municipalities and other local bodies in the States of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, West Bengal, Union Territory of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana were redrafted to bring them in line with National Building Code and submitted to the respective Governments. These are under various stages of consideration. Some of the State Construction Departments like Public Works Departments have set up Cells to look into the revision of PWD Specifications and Codes to align them with the National Building Code and other related Indian Standards. In spite of the best efforts by all concerned to implement the Code, the revised building byelaws finalized in many states have not yet been adopted by the concerned implementing/enforcing agencies due to procedural bottlenecks. Efforts are necessary at Government level to overcome the difficulties in revising buildingbyelaws and PWD specifications and adopting them in practice, reflecting the present state of knowledge on various aspects of building construction. Since the publication in 1970 of the National Building Code, a large number of comments and useful suggestions for modifications and additions to different parts and sections of the Code were received as a result of use of the Code by all concerned, and revision work of building byelaws of some states. In addition, a number of Indian Standards have been prepared over the past 13 years and a large number of Indian Standards on which some parts/sections of the Code were based have undergone substantial modifications, particular mention may be made of the revisions to Concrete Code, Earthquake Code and Masonry Code. The revised version of the National Building Code has been prepared taking into consideration all the aspects mentioned above. The National Building Code is a single document in which,like a network, the information contained in varicus Indian Standards is woven into a pattern of continuity and cogency with the interdependent requirements of sections carefully analyzed and fitted in to make the whole document a cogent continuous volume. A continuous thread of preplanning is woven which, in itself, contributes considerably to the economies in construction particularly in building and plumbing services. The Code contains regulations which can be immediately adopted or enacted for use by various departments, municipal administrations and public bodies. It lays down a set of minimum provisions designed to protect the safety of the public with regard to structural sufficiency, fire hazards and health aspects of buildings; solong as these basic requirements are met, the choice of materials and methods of design and construction is left to the ingenuity of the architect and the engineer. The Code also covers aspects of administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire protection requirements; stipulations regarding materials and structural design; rules for design of electrical installations, lighting, air-conditioning and lifts; regulation for ventilation, acoustics and plumbing services, such as water supply, drainage, sanitation and gas supply; measures to ensure safety of workers and public during construction; and rules for erection of signs and outdoor display structures. Some other important points covered by the Code include industrialized systems of building and architectural control. The increase in population in the years to come will have a serious impact on the housing problem. It has been estimated that the urban population of India will double itself in the next two decades and consequently at least as much additional accommodation as is now available has to be provided during this period. Speed of construction is thus of dn utmost importance and special consideration has to be given to industrialized systems of building. With increased building activity, it is also essential that there should be some architectural control in the development of our cities and towns if creation of ugliness and slum-like conditions in our urban areas is to be avoided. The changes incorporated in the present Code have been specified in the Foreword to each part/section of the Code. Some of the important changes are: addition of VI

development control rules, requirements for greenbelts and landscaping including norms for plantation of shrubs and trees, special requirements for low income housing; tire safety regulations for high rise buildings; revision of structural design section based preon new and revised codes, such as concrete codes (plain and reinforced concrete and stressed concrete), Earthquake Code, Masonry Code; addition of outside design conditions for important cities in the country, requirements relating to noise and vibration, air filter. automatic control, energy conservation for air-conditioning; and guidance on the design of water supply system for multi-storeyed buildings. The Code as now published is the second version representing the present state of knowledge on various aspects of building construction. The process of preparation of the Code has thrown up a number of problems; some of them have been answered fully and some partially. Therefore, a continuous programme is envisaged by which additional knowledge that is gained through technological evolution,usersviews over a period of time pinpointingireas of clarification and coverage and results of research in the field, would be incorporated in to the&ode from time to time to make it a living document. It is proposed to bring out changes to the Code periodically. Provision of the Code will serve as a model for adoption by PWDs and other government construction departments, local bodies and other construction agencies. Existing PWD codes, municipal byelaws and other regulatory media could either be replaced by the National Building Code or suitably modified to cater to local requirements in accordance with the provisions of the Code. Any difficulties encountered in adoption of the Code cou!d be brought to the notice of the Guiding Committee fsr Corrective Actiori.

This publication farms part of the Natiohal Building Code of India 1983 and Contains the following Parts: Part 11 Administration Part III Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements Part IV Fire Protection Part V Building Materials Part X Signs and Outdoor Display Structures The information contained in this publication will essentially serve the town planner and the architect in dealing with the development and building schemes from the early stages of planning.

Guiding Committee for National Building Code, BDC64CHAIRMAN MAJ-GEN HARKIRAT SINGH W-S1 Greater Kailash - I, New Delhi 110 048 REPRESENTING

MEMBERS IX B. M. AH U J A

SHRI V. ASRANI PA H A L A J SHRI J. P. BAJAJ SHRI SASXDARAN (Alternate) S HRI B ALWANT SINGH S HRJ J. R. BHALLA SHRJ M. S. BHATJA Sari H. U. B~JLAN~ S HRJ H. K. YADAV(A/ternare) SHRJ C. S. CHANDRASEKHARA S HRJ R. CHANNABASAPPA ?&RI A. CHATTERJl CHIEF ENGXNEER (BUILDINGS ) S UPERINTENDING ENGINEER (I AND D CIRCLE) (Afrernate) CHIEF ENGINEER (DESIGNS)%RI D N. CHOPSASHR~ D. S.

Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi Corporation of Madras, Madras The Institution of Surveyors, New Delhi In personal capacity (N-29 Panchshila Park,New Delhi 110 017) The Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay In personal capacity (A-21 36 Sufdarjang Encfcve, New Delhi 110 016)

Housing and IJrban Development Corporation Ltd, New Delhi Institute of Town Planners (India), New Delhi Corporation of Bangalore, Bangalore Tariff Advisory Committee (Delhi Regional Committee). Bombay Public Works Department, Govt of Tamii Nadu Central Public Works Department (Central Designs Organizationj. New Delhi

SUPERJN?ENDING ENGINEER (Aftrmore)

DESAJ PROF DJNESH MOHAN

SHR~ 2. C. MANGAL (Alternate) DJRECT~R DIRECTOR (CIVIL E&xxi) ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR (G) (,4Irernare) DIRECTQR STANT,IR.DS (C~vrr.) DIRECTOR (ENGG SERVICES &PROJECTS ) CITY ENGINEER (Afrernu!c) SHRJ J. DURAI RAJ GENERAL SECRE TARY SHRI S. S. GILL SHR; V. K. GUPT~ SHRI K. DEV.~RAJAN (Afrernare) SHRI IV. JAG.~NNATH SHR~ J. C. K.4pcR DP R. K. GLlpTA (Ai!ermm) SIJKI A. C KH.L\ZAVU~ISHK! P. KRISHYW

Schooi s than I5 cm dla with low kvel riser up to 10 storcys and high level riser deliveiy lor upper Iloors. ii) A standby pump ol equal capacity shall be provided on alternallve source of supply

(7) Nil

4) At-love 35 nl One WC1 ilSel-CUlu, kelght but downcw,ncr per not exceed1 000 m. lloor area. Ihe riser shall b e mg W rn. fully charged wnh adqua!r prtslure at all times, .md shall be automatic lls operation.

I50 uuohires

5) Above 6U min height but not exceeding 92 m

One wei r*ser-cumdowncomer per I WJ m2 floor area. I he riser shall be fully charged with adequate pressure at all times, and shall be automatic in opcratlon.

2w wu htres

Nil

i) 2 400 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N/mm*. The pump provided will be of multi-stage type with suction and delivery WCS not less than I5 cm dia with low level riser up to I5 storeys and hrgh level riser deli- very for upper floors. ii) A standby pump of equal capacity shaJl be provided on alternative source of supply

Nil

6) Above 92 m in height

One wet Tlser-cumdowncomer per I WO m* floor area. The riser shall be fully charged with adequate prcssure at all times. and shall be automatic tn operation.

250 000 htrcs

Nil

i) 2 400 litres pier, mmute gwmg a pressure not less than 0.3 N/mm. The pump provided will be of multi-stage type with suction and delivery sizes not less than I5 cm dia with low level riser up to I5 storeys and high level riser delivery

Nil

N A T I O N A L BUIUMNC CODE W WDIA

TABLE 3 TYPICAL FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS/REQUIREhlENTSSL No. T YPE OF THF BUILDIHG/~KUPANCY REQUIREMENTS , Type of installation Water Supply A UnderTarrace ground Static Tank T#k (5) A

Conrd

. Pump Capacity

Near the Underground Static Tf#k for upper noors up to 60 m. Anotha pump of equal performance with a break tank of IZoo litres capacity at 75 m level and set of ball valves lo supply the tank with at least 2 400 litres per minute from the first pump. Alternatively, a multistage, multi-outlet pump may be Installed. ii) A standby pump of equal capacity shall be provided on alternative source of supply.

At the Terrao? Level (7)

(1)

(2)

(3)

b) One or IWO ,fomr!r @vote dwellmp (A -2) ond oportmenr houses (/7ors) (A-4) I) up to I5 rn in height Note-One or two family private dwellmg ahove I5 m in hieght shall not be permltted 2) Above ISm in height but not exceeding 24m. One wet riser-cumdowncomer with provision of fire service inlet only near ground level per I 000 m floor area Nil 10 ooo litres Nil 450 litres per Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

at the topmoat hydrant.

3) Above 24 m in height but not exceeding 35 m -with shop- One wet riser-cumpmg area up downcomer per lo 250 m2 I 000 m* floor area. The riser shall be and restricting the fully charged with shopping adequate pressure 50 000 lilres 20 000 litm I 800 litres par minute giving a preuurc not I? than 0.3 N/mm at the topmost hydrant. 9O(j litra pa mioute giving a pfesurc not 3ar thr 0.3 N/mm at the topmou hydrant.

PART IV FIRE PROTECTION

T A B L E 3 T Y P I C A L F I R E F I G H T I N G INSTALLATIONS~REQUIREMENTS!sL No. T YPE OF THE B U I L D I N G ! OCC~JPANCY Type of installation R~OUIKEMEMS

Conld

1

Water Supplyl

Pump Capacity Near the Underground Static Tank (6) At the Terrace Level

Underground Static Tank

Tarrace Tank

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(7)

areas to at all times. and shall the ground be automatic in floor only. operation. -with shop- One wet riser-cumping area downcorner per exceeding I 000 m floor area. 250 m.. The riser shall be fully charged with adequate pressure at all times. and shall be automatic in operation. 4) Above 24 m in height but not exceeding 45 m. One wet riser-cumdowncomer per I 000 m floor area. The riser shall be fully charged wtth adequate pressure at all times. and shall be automatic in operatton. 100 000 lit rcs

20 006litres

2 400 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N mmat the topmost hydrant.

900 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N/mm at the topmost hydrant.

50 000 lures

20 000 litres

I 800 litres per minute givings pressure not less the 0.3 Nj mm at the topmost hydrant.

450 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N, mm at the topmost hydrant.

5) Above 45 m One wet riser-cumin height but downcomer per not exceedI 000 m floor area. The riser shall ing 60 m. be fully charged with adequate pressure at all times, and shall be automattc in operation. 6) Above 60 m One wet riser-cumin heignt but downcomer per I 000 m floor not exceedarea. The riser shall ing 92 m. be fully charged with adequate pressure at all times. and shall be automatic in operatton. N OTE -Apartment houses (flats) above 92 m shall not be permitted.

109000 In res

20 000 lrtres

2 400 litres per mtnutr giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N mmat the topmost hydrant.

900 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N; mm* at the topmost hydrant.

I50 000 lit res

20 000 lnres

2 400 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 Ni mmat the topmost hydrant. The pump provided should be of multistage type with suction and delivery sizes not less than I5 cm dia with low level riser up to I5 storeys and high level riser delivery for upper floors.

900 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N/ mm2 at the topmost hydrant.

ii)

Educotionol (B) and Instirulional (C) Buildings a) UptoISmin height Nil 50 000 litres Nil Nil 20 000 litres Nil Nil Nil 450 litra per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N/mm at the topmost hydrant.

One wet riser-cumb) Above I5 m in height but not downcomer per exceeding 24 m. I 000 m2 floor area.

The riser shall be fully charged with adequate pressure at all times and shall be rutomatic inopefrtion.

( Conrinuedj

NATIONAL. l

UlwFlC CODE OF WdA

~~TABLE 3 TYPICAL FIRE FIGHTING lNSTALLATIONS/REQUlREMENTS- &t&SL No. T YPE OF THE BUILDING/OCCUPANCY R EQUIREMENTS

Type of installation

Water Supply mground Static Tank

Pump Capacity

1 ,

,

A

Near the Underground StaticTank (6)

At the TerraaLCVCI (7)

Tank

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) 1OOcilO litres

(5) 20000 litres

c) Above 24 m in One wet riaer-cumheight but not downcomer per exceeding 35 m. I Ooo m2 floor area. The riser shall be fully charged with NOTE - Educaadequate pressure at tional and insti- all times and shall be tutional build- automatic in opera7 ings above 35m tion. in height shall not be permitted.

i) 2 400 litrcs per minute giving a

900 litres per minute

giving a pressure not pressun not less less than 0.3 N/mm2 than 0.3 N/mm. at the topmost The pamp hydrant. provided shall be of multistage type with suction and delivery sizes not less than 15 cm dia with low level riser up to 10 storeys and high level riser ddivery for upper floors.

ii) A standby pump of qua1 capacity shall be provided on alternative source of supply. iii)Assemh~.v (D) Buildings

a) Up 10 15 m in height

Nil

50 000 litres 100000 litres

Nil ?t r? I

Nil

Nil

b) Above I5 m in One wet riser-cumheight but not downcomer per exceeding 24 m. I 000 m floor area. The riser shall be fully charged with adequate pressure at all times. and shall be automatic in operation. c) Above 24 m in One wet riser-cumheight but not downcomer per exceeding 35 m. I 000 m floor area. The riser shall be fully charged with adequate pressure at all times, and shall be automatic in operation.NOTE ~-

2 $I0 litreT per sp9 litres per minute mmute glvtng a lvmg a pressure noI f ess than 0.3 N/mm pressure not less than 0.3 N/mm at the topmost hydrant. , the topmost hydrant.

100 000 litres

20 ooo litres

Assembly buildings above 35 m in height shall not be permitted.

i) 2 400 litres per 900 litres per minute minute giving a giving a pressure not pressure not less less than 0.3 N/mm2 than 0.3 N/mm*. at the topmost The pump pro- hydarant. vided will be of multi-stage type with suction and delivery sizes not less than I5 cm dia with low level riser up lo IO storeys and high level riser delivery for upwr floors. ii) A standby pump of qua1 capacity shall be provided on alternative source of supply.

iv)

BMness (I?) h&rconrile (F) ond Iwdusrrital (6)B&&W@

a) Up lo I5 m in height

Nil

50000 litres

Nil

Nil

Nil(Continued)

?ART IV F I R E NtOTECTlON

w-1

TABLE 3 TYPICAL FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS;REQUIREMENTSSL No. T YPE OF THE BU~LDING/O~CUPANCY R EQUIREMENTS ,

Conrd

Type of instdlatiOn

Water Supply 7IzfYz ground Static TankTank

Pump Capacity

\

Near the Underground Static Tank (6)

At the TerraceLevel

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) 100000 litres

(5) 20 000 litres

(7

b) Above I5 m in One wet riser-cumheight but not downcomer per exceeding 24 m. I 000 m* floor area. The riser shall be fully charged with adequate pressure at all times, and shall be at automatic in operation. c) Above 24 m in One wet riser-cumheight but not downcomer per exceeding 35 m. I 000 m floor area. The riser shallbe fully charged with adequate pressure at all tima, and shallbe at automatic in operation.

900 litres per minute 2 400 litres per giving a pressure not minute giving a less than 0.3 N/mm pressure not !ess than 0.3 N/mm at at the topmost hydrant. the topmost hydrant

1ooooo litres

20 000 litres

i) 2 400 litres per 900 litres per minute minute giving a giving a pressure not pressure not less, less than 0.3 N/mm than 0.3 N/mm- at the topmost The pump provi- hydrant. ded will be of multi-stage type with suction and delivery sires not less than 15 cm dia with low level riser up to IO storeys and high level riser delivery for upper floors.ii) A standby pump of equal capacity shall be povided on alternative source of supply.

d) Above 35 m in

One wet riaer-cumheight but not downcomer per exceeding 60 m. I Ooo m* floor area. The riser shall be fullycharged with adcquate pressure at all ttmea. and shah be automatic in operation.

l50000 litres

Nil

i) 2 400 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N/mm. The pump provided will be of multi-stage type with suction and delivery sizes not less than I5 cm dia with low level riser up to IO rtoreys and high1 evel delivery for upper floors. ii) A standby pump of equal capacity shall be provided on alternative source of supply.

Nil

e) Above 60 m in One wet riser-cumdowncomer per height but not exceeding 92 m. I Ooo m* floor area. The riser shall be fttllvcharged with adequate pressure at a11

2fK) 000 litres

Nil

ttmes, and shall be automatic in operation.

i) 2 400 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N/mm The pump provided will be of multi-stage type with suction and delivery sixes not less than I5 cm dia with low kvel

Nil

(Conrinued)

NATtDNAL. BUIWNC CODa OF INDIA

TABLE 3 TYPICAL FIRE F I G H T I N G SL TYPE OF THE BIJILDISU/~CCUPASCY Type of installation

INSTALLATIONS/REQUIREMENTSR EQUIREMENTS

Conrd

NO.

,

Water Supply Underground Static Tank Tarrace Tank

Pump Capacity Near the Underground Static Tank (6) riser up to I5 storeys and high level riser delivery for upper fIoors. ii) A standby pump of equal capacity shall be provided on alternative source of supply. At the Terrace LCVCI

(1)

(2)

(4)

(5)

(7)

f) Above 92 m in height

One wet riser-cumdowncomer per I 000 mfloor ara. The riser shall be fully charged with ado quate pressure at all times, and shall be automatic in operation.

250 ow litres

Nil

i) 2 400 litres per minute giving a pressure not less than 0.3 N!mm.The pump provided will be of multistage type with suction and delivery sizes not less than I5 cm dia with low level riser up to I5 storeys and high level riser delivery for upper floors up to 60 tn. Another pump of equal performance with a tank of I? 000 litres capacity at 75 m level and a set of ball valves to supply the tank with at least 2 400 litres per miriute from the first pump. Alternatively. a multistage, multi-outlet pump may be installed. ii) A standby pump of equal capacity shall be provided on alternative source of supply.

Nil

VI

Storage (If) md Hazarabus Q&it& ings a) Upto 15minheight One wet riser-cumdowncomer per I 000 mfloor area. The riaet shall be fully charged with adequate pressure at all tunes, and shall be automatic in opcra100000 litms 20 ooo litres I 800 litres per minute giving a pressure not kss than 0.3 N/mmat the topmost hydrant 450 litres per minute giving a pressure not kss than 0.3 N/mm at the topmat hydrant.

tion.

NOTE-Hazardous buildings above IS tn in height sziytlmt be per(Continued)

?Mt IV IIRI PitOlUTKlN

d9

TABLE 3 TYPICAL FIRE FIGHTING INS1 AL.1.A.I-IONS,KEOlIKEMENlS-

(onId

Sr No.

7YPF Ot THE Br:ILl~!hl;!~-CIJPANCY Type

Kt~l.IKFM1-sI~ -----__ --_-_ 9

of Water :iupply Iump Capraty i n s t a l l a t i o n _ ,--fl1 LndrrI arrace Ircear the UnderAt the Terrace ground Static Tank ground Starrc 1 eve1 Tank Tank

(1)

(2) b) Ahnve 15 m in helpzt but not c*.cced:r;)r 24 1.

(3) One wet rirer-cumdowncomer per I 00 m floor area. %c riser chall he fully charged with adcqurte pressure at all times. and shall bc automdttc in operation.

(4) 100 000 litres

(5) 20 000 lures

(6)

(7)

2 400 lures per t/(K) lnrrs per mmule minute gtvmg a giving a pressure not pressure not iehs less than 0.3 N, mm !han 0.3 N mm. at at the topmost hydrant. the topmost hydrant.

Norr-Storage buildin@ above 24 m m hetqht shall not be permitted. No?t I - Where more than one riser is requtred because of large floor area, the quantity of water recommended in this table shal! be proportionately Increased. NOPE 2 -- Any of the above categories may mcorporate an automatic sprinkler! drencher system. rf the risk 15: such that it requires installation ofsuch protective methods. Wheresprinkleridrcncher system is installed, water requuementsforsuch installations shall be in addition to those indicated in this Table. Notr: 3 - A minimum of two hydrants shalt be provided withm the courtyard. NATE 4 ~- Wet riser-cumdowncomer is an arrangrment for fire ftghting wtthin the buildmg by means of vertical rtsing mains no! IA\ than IO0 mm internal dia wtth hydrant outlets and hose rcei on each floor/ landing connected to a terrace !ank for fire fighting purpose, through a booster pump, check valve and a non-return valve near the tank-end and a fire pump, gate and non-return valve, over the underground static tank. AYtre servtcc tnlet at ground level fitted wtth a nonreturn valve shall also be provided to the rising mam for charging it by fire services pump in case of failure of static fire pump over the underground static tanks.NOTE 5 -

The performance of pumps specified above shail be at revolutions per mmutc not exceeding 3 000.

NOI t 6 -- 7 he terrace tank and pttrnp need not be provtded if theautomatic pump at ground level can be maintained lo the satisfaction of the !ocal fire brigade. NOTF 7 - The above quantities of water shall be exclustvely for fire fightmg and shall not be utilized for domestrc or other use.Norm 8 ~-~

Size of the riser shail be as under (in:ernal diameter):

a ) Aparrmenr lroust~~ i) ii) iii) b) up to 45 m above 45 to SS m above 85 to 165 m -100 mm with single! twin hydrant outlet and hose reel on each lloor. IS0 mm with twin hydrant outlets and hose reel on each floor. 200 mm with twm hydrant ou:iets and hose reel on each floor.

Buildings orher rhon opar!mennr houses 9 tt) iii) up to 24 m above 24 to 85 m above 85 m to 165 m 100 mm with singfe/twm hydrant outlet and hose reel on each floor. 150 mm with twin hydrant outlets and hose reel on each floor. 200 mm with twin hydrant outlets and hose reel on each floor.

Nor E 0 -- A facility to boost up water pressure in the riser directly from the mobile pump shall also be provided on the wet riser system with a suitable fire service inlets (collecting head with 2 numbers of 63 mm inlets for IOOmm risingmainand4 numbers of 63 mm in!ets with check valves for 150 mm dia rising main) with check valve and a gate valve. NOTE 10 -- Internal diameter of rubber hose for hose reel shall be minimum I2 mm. A shut-off branch with nozzle of5 mm size shall be provided. I% IE I I - An arrangement of alternative source of power supply shall be provided to drive pumps, etc,in case of failure of normal power supply. No~t I2 - For typical layout of wet riser-eumdowncomer and wet riser installations. see Fig. I to 5.

w20

NATIONAL NILMNC

CODE

OF tNOlA

I

rAIR_ R E L E A S E VALVE

TERRACE TANK FOR FIRE FIGHTING/DOMESTIC SUPPLY

CHECK VA LV E, S E R V I C E - INLET 1177 .NON-RETURN VALVE

Fig. I Typical Arrangement of Wet Riser- cum-Downcomerfor Apartment Houses Above I5 m hut not Exceeding 24 m in Height6.10.4 In addition to wet riser wet risercum-downcomer. first-aid hose reels shall be installed on all the floors of buildings above 15 m and shall conform to accepted standards [IV( I I)]. The first-aid hose reel shall be connected to one of the female couplingsof twin couplings of landing valves of the wet riser installations by means of adapter. 6.10.5 ST A T I C W A T E R S T O R A G E T A N K S- A satisfactory supply of water for the purpose of fire fighting shall always be available in the form of underground static storage tank with capacity specified for each building with arrangements of replenishment by main or alternative source of supply at the rate of I 000 litres per minute. When this is not practicable,PART IV F I R E

the capacity of static storage tank(s) shall be increased proportionately in consultation with the local fire brigade. The static storage water supply required for the above-mentioned purpose shall entirely be accessible to the fire engines of the local fire service. Provision of suitable number of manholes shall be made available for inspection, repairs and insertion of suction hose, etc. The covering slab shall be able to withstand the vehicular load of I8 tonnes.

The domestic suction tank connected to the static water storage tank shall have an overflow capable of discharging 2250 litres per minute to a visible drain point from which,v?l

PROTECTION

TERRACE TANK FOR FIRE FIGHTING/ AIR RELEASE VALVE SLUICE AND CHECK VALVE

rPUMP

FIRE SERVICE CHECK VALVE

UNOERTANK

Fig. 2 Typic01 Arrangement of Wet Riser- cum-Downcomer for Apartment Houses Exceeding 24 m in Height

by a separate conduit the overflow shall be conveyed to a storm water drain.

4 To prevent stagnation of water in the

static water storage tank, the suction tank of the domestic water supply shall be fed only through an overflow arrangement to maintain the level therein at the minimum specified capacity (see Fig. 6).

mlets arranged in a valve box at a suitable point at street level and connected to the static tank by a suitable fixed pipe not less than 15 cm in dia to discharge water into the tank when required at the rate of 2250 litres per minute. 6.10.6 A UTOMATIC SPRINKLERS-Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in: or for a) basements used asifcar parks exceeds storage occupancy, the area 200 m-. b) multi-level basements used as car parks, and for housing essential servicesNATIONAL l Ull.DlNC CODE OF WDIA

b) The static water storage tank shall be

provided with a fire brigade collecting breaching with 4 number 63 mm dia (2 number 63 mm dia for pump with capacity I 400 litres, minute) instantaneous male

IV-

22

f

AIR

RELEASE VALVE

BALL VALVE

F L O O R 14 FLOOR 9FLOOR 9 11 m

FLOOR 3 I

-SLUICE AND CHECK V&VE

URN

CHECK VALVE

TANK

Fig. 3 7jpical Arrangement of Wet-Riser System for Buildings other than Apartment Houses Abo\,e 35 m in Height

Fig. 4 Topical Arrangement qf Wet Riser System for Buildings other than Apartment Houses above 35 m in Height

cl 4 e)

h)

ancillary to a particular occupancy or for storage occupancy. any room or other compartment of a building exceeding 500 m except as in (g) (see Note). departmental stores or shops, if, the aggregate floor area exceeds 750 m. all non-domestic floors of mixed occupancy which constitute a hazard and are not provided with staircases independent of the remainder of the buildings. godowns and warehouses as considered necessary. on all floors of tkbuildings other than residential buildings, if the height of the building exceeds 45 m (see Note). dressing rooms, scenery docks, stages and stage basements of theatles.N PIRL PROlUXION

NOTE -- It is desirable that all high rise building should be fully sprinklered irrespective of their heI ht and occupancy. If selective sprinklering is adopted. t1 ere IS a real danger of a fire starting on one of the lower unsprinklered floors gathering momentum spreading upwards from floor to floor through the unsprinklacd floor and reaching the first sprinklered floor as a fully developed fire. In such an event, the sprinklers can be rendered useless/ ineffective.

6.10.7 AUTOMATIC H IGH V ELOCITY W A T E R.

S PRAY

OR

E MULSIFYING S YSTEM - A u t o -

matic high velocity water spray or emulsifying system shall be provided for protection of indoor transformers as applicable in accordance with A-1.16 of Appendix A, and I I .20 of accepted standards [ lV( l2)] 6.10.8 F IXED F OAM INSTALLATION -Fixedfoam generating system shall be provided for protection of boiler rooms with its ancillary

storage of furnace oils in basement.We23

?MT

6.11 Air-Conditioning and Ventilation -Air-

conditioning and ventilation requirements of different rooms/areas in any occupancy shall be as given in Part VIII Building services, Section 1 Lighting and ventilation and Section 3 Air-conditioning and heating. 6.11.1 Air-conditioning and ventilating systems shall be so installed and maintained as to minimize the danger of spread of fire, smoke or fumes thereby from one floor or fire area to another, or from outside into any occupied building or structure (seeA-1.17) 6.11.2 Air-conditioning and ventilating systems circulating air to more than one floor or fire area shall be provided with dampers designed to close automatically in case of fire and thereby prevent spread of fire or smoke. Such a system shall also be provided with automatic controls to stop fans in case offire, unless arranged to remove smoke from a fire, in which case these shall be designedto remain in operation. 6. J I .3 Air-conditioning system serving large places of assembly (over IO00 persons), large departmental stores or hotels with over 100 rooms in a single block shall be provided with effective means for preventing circulation of smoke through the system in the case of a fire in air filters or from other sources drawn into the system even though there is insufficient heat to actuate heat sensitive devices controlling fans or dampers. Such means shall consist of approved photo-electric or other effective smoke sensitive controls, or if approved by the Authority, ma be manually operated controls ?n cases wITere qualified personnel responstble for operation of controls are continuously on duty while the premises are occupied. 6.12 Smoke Venting6.12.1 Smoke venting facilities, where

LEVEL TANK

Fig. 5 Typical Alternate Arrangement of Wet Riser System for Buildings other than Apartment Houses Above 35 m in Height 6,10.9 CA R B O N D I O X I D E F IRE E X T I N G U I SHING

S YSTEM -Fixed carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installation shall be provided in accordance with good practice [IV( 13)] on premises where water or foam can not be used for fire extinguishing because of the special nature of the contents of the buildings/areas to be protected. For some special fire risk, carbon dioxide may not be suitable and it may be necessary to provide BCF(Bromochlorodifluoromethane) - Halon 1 21 I or BTM (Bromochlorotrifluoromethane) - Halon 1 301. These types of installations may be provided instead of carbon dioxide installation. The use of these types of installations should, however, be restricted to cases where it is unavoidable because chemicals are not available indigenously. 6.10.10 Fire fighting equipement shall be suitably located and clearly marked by illuminated signs, wired to an independent electrical circuit on an alternate source of supply.NOTF -

required for safe use of exits in windowless buildings, underground structures, large area factories or where required by other provisions of the Code, shall be automatic in action. 612.2 Natural draft smoke venting shall utilize roof vents or vents in walls atOr near the ceiling level; such vents shall be normally open, or, if closed, shall be designed for automatic opening in case of fire, by release of heat sensitive elements, such as fusible links; breakage of glass, or melting of pbstk Under the influence of heat; or by other approved means. 6.123 Where smoke venting facilities are installed for purposes of exit safety in accordance with the requirements of the Code, these shall be adequate to preventNATIONAL UllLDlNG CODE OF

This provision shall not apply to occupancies

A-.? and A-4 up to I5 m in height.

,34

INDIA

PRIME MOVER

FIRE PUMP .SUCT ION

G.L

TOWN MAIN SUPPLY

-I

OVERFLOW AND VENT ___---.I .- - - - G.L. //I\_ /SEPARATION WALL ,/DOMESTlC WATER SUPPLY TANK (OTHER THAN DRINKING WATER I

:OOT VALVES6A With Negative Suction

DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY TANK (OTHER THAN DRINKING WATER 1 FIRE FIGHTING TANK

SLUICE VALVE -, TO DOMESTIC FIRE PUMP SUCTION

SLUICE VALVE

i

I

CLC M1ll.V HOLE WITH BOLTED COVER

RIME

G.L. I .*,

.

68 With Positive Suction

Fig. 6 Typical Arrangementfor Providing Combined Fire Fighting and Domestic Water Storage Tank

?AllT IV FIRE

PROTECTION

*V-25

dangerous accumulation of smoke during the period of time necessary to evacuate the area served, using available exit facilities with a margin of safety to allow for unforeseen contingencies. It is recommended that smoke exhaust equipment should have a capacity of approximately a 5-min air change. Where mechanical venting is employed, it shall be firesafe. 6.12.4 The discharge apertures of all natural draft smoke vents shall be so arranged as to be readily susceptible to opening by fire service personnel. 6.12.5 Power operated smoke exhausting systems may be substituted for natural draft vents only by specific permission of the Authority. 6.13 Hearing-Installation of chimney and heating apparatus shall conform to good practice [IV( 14)]. 6.14 SpeAal Hazards-In addition to the factors covered by 6.2 LO 6.13 there are cetain aspects, applicable to particular occupancies only, which may affect the spread of fire, smoke or fumes and thus the safe evacuation of the building in case of fire. Some such aspects are:

considered as divided into four classes as follows:CLASS I SURFACES OF VERY L O W F L A M E SPREAD -Those surfaces on which not more

than 19 cm effective spread of flame occurs. CLASS 2 SURFACES OF L O W F L A M E SPREAD-Those surfaces on which the effective spread of flame neither exceeds 30 cm during the first 1.5 min nor exceeds a final value of 60 cm.CLASS 3 SURFACES OF MEDIUM FLAME

SPREAD-Those surfaces on which the effective spread of flame neither exceeds 30 cm during the first 1.5 min nor exceeds 85 cm during the first 10 min. C L A S S 4 SURFACES OF RAPID FLAME SPREAD-Those surfaces on which the effective spread of flame exceeds 30 cm during the first 1.5 min or exceeds 85 cm during the first 10 min. 6.1.5.3 The situation under which materials falling into various classes shall be used in building construction is given below: Class I Class 2 Class 3 Should be used only in living rooms and bedrooms (but not in rooms on the roof) and only as a lining to solid walls and partitions. Not on staircases or corridors or facade of the building

4 interior finish and decoration; b) seating, aisles, railings and turnstiles inplaces of assembly;

4 service equipment and storage facilities inbuildings other than storage buildings; and d) hazards on stage, in waiting spaces, projection booths, etc, in theatres and cinemas. 6.15 Surface Finishes 6.15.1 The use of flammable surface finishes on walls (including external facade of the buitding) and ceilings affects the safety of the occupants of a building. Such finishes tend to spread the fire and even though the structural elements may be adequately fire resistant, serious danger to life may result. It is, therefore, essential to have adequate precautions to minimize spread of flame on wall, facade of building and ceiling surfaces. The finishing materials used for various surfaces and decor shall be such that the flame spread rating shall not be more than the values given in 6.15.2 and in addition shall not generate toxic smoke/fumes. 6.15.2 The susceptibility to fire of various types of wall surfaces is determined in terms of the rate of spread of fire. Based upon the rate of spread of fire, surfacing materials shall be

May be used bay be used in any situ- in any situation ation, except on walls, facade of the building and ceilings of staircases and corridors

NOTE - Panelling (lining) shall be permitted in a limited area. It shall not be permitted in a vestibule. 6.1.5.4

Materials of Class 4 which include untreated wood fibre-boards may be used as ceiling lining, provided the ceiling is at least 2.4 m from the top surface of the floor below, and the wall surfaces conform to requirements of Class [see Note under 6.15.31. Class 4 materials shall not be used in kitchens, corridors and staircases. Some types contain bitumen and, in addition to risk from spread of fire, emit dense smoke on burning; such materials shall be excluded from use under these conditions and shall also not be used for construction of ceiling where the plenum is used for return air in air-conditioned buildings. 6.15.5 When frames, walls, partitions or floors are lined with combustible materials, the surfaces on both sides of the materialsNATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA

,,L26

shall conform to the appropriate class, because there is considerable dangrr from fire starting and rapidly spreadrng within the concealed cavity unknown to the occupants whose escape may he hampered there by. For detailed information on materials and details of construction with their fire-resistance rating, reference may be made to accepted standards [I V(4)]. 6.16 Glazing 6.16.1 Building of Types I to 4 construction shall employ one of the two types of glazing described in 6.16.2 and 6.16.3 except that Type 4 construction may have the alternative of hardwood sashes or frames or both. 6.16.2 Wired glass shall comply with the following requirements:

grooves not less than 6.5 mm in width or depth, with due allowance for expansion and shall be secured by hard metal fastenings to the sashes or frames independently of any lead, cement or putty used for weather-proofing purposes. 6.16.4 No wall opening exceeding 5 m* shall be deemed capable of efficient protection by wired glass or electro-copper glazing. 6.16.5 CA S E M E N T - Hard metal casements, not exceeding 0.8 m2 fitted with wired glass or electro-copper glazing in accordance with 6.16.2 and 6.16.3, secured to the frames by hard metal hinges not more than 60 cm apart and by fastenings at top, centre and bottom shall be permissible. 6.17 Skylights 6.17.1 Wired glass for skylights or monitor lights shall comply with the following requirements:

a) b)

THICKNESS

O F - G L AS S-The thickness of glass shall be not less than 6.5 mm.EMBEDDED

WIRE N E T T I N G - E m b e d d e d wire netting shall be not largerthan 2.5 cm mesh.

4 Thickness of glass shall be not less than6.5 mm; than 2.5 cm mesh; cl F R A M E S AN D GLAZtNC--The f r a m e shall be continuous and divided by bars spaced at not more than 70 cm cclltres. The frame and bars shall be of iron or other hard metal, and supported on a curb either-of metal or of wood covered with sheet metal. The glass shall be secured by hard metal fastenings to the frame and bars independently of any lead, cement or putty used for weatherproofing purposes. 6.17.2 No skylight opening exceeding 5 m* shall be deemed capable ofefficient protection by wired glass. 6.18 fire Lifrs- Where applicable, fire lifts shall be provided with a. minimum capacity for 8 passengers and fully automated with emergency switch on ground level. In general, buildings over 15 m in height shall be provided with fire lifts [see ,4-1.5(q)]. 6.18.1 In case of fire, only fireman shall operate fire-lifts. In normal course, it may be used by other persons. 6.18.2 Each fire lift shall be equipped with suitable inter-communication equipment for communicating with the control room on the ground floor of the building. 6.18.3 The number and location of fire lifts in a building shall be decided after taking into consideration various factors like building2

c) SIZE OF SQUARES OF GLASS--The areashall not exceed 2 500 cm.

b) Embedded wire netting shall be not larger

4

S.GHES

AND FRA.M~s--T~~ s a s h e s o r frames or both shall be entirely of iron or other suitable metal securely bolted or keyed into the walk except in the case of .. panels in internal doors.

e) SETTING OF GLASS-The panels of &SS

shall be set in rebates or grooves not less than 6.5 mm in width or depth, with due allowance for expansion, and shall be secured by hard metal fastenings to the sashes or frames independently of any lead, cement or putty used for weatherproofing purposes.

6.16.3 Electra-copper glazing shall comply with the following requirements: _ 4 Thickness of glass shall be not less than 6.5 mm.

b) Size of squares of glass shall not exceed100 cm.

cl

SECTIONAL LIGHTS

-The square glasses to be formed by electro-coppef glazing into sectional lights shall not exceed 0.37 m* in area.

d)l SASHES AND FRAMES-The sashes or frames or both shall be entirely of iron or other hard metal, securely bolted or keyed into the wall, except when in panels in internal doors. e) FIXING OF SECTIONAL LIGHTS-The sectional lights shall be set in rebate or?A#1 I V FMlI: ?RORCTlON

population, floor area. section of building (compartmentation), etc. 7. EXIT REQUIREMENTS

any floor area or the occupant load shall be based on the actual number of occupants, but in no case less than that specified in Table 4.TAB1.F 4 OCCUPANT LOADSL

7.1.1 An exit may be a doorway; corridor; passageway(s) to an internal staircase, or external staircase, or to a v e r a n d a h o r terrace(s), which have access to the street, or to the roof of a building or a refuge area. An exit may also include a horizontal exit leading to an adjoining building at the same level. 7.1.2 Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as exits. 7.2 General 7.2.1 Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with exits sufficient to permit safe escape of occupants, in case of fire or other emergency. 7.2.2 In every building exits shall comply w.ith the minimum requirements of this part, except those not accessible for general public use. 7.2.3 All exits shall be free of obstructions. 7.2.4 No building shall be so altered as to reduce the number, width or protection of exits to less than that required. 7.2.5 Exits shall be clearly visible and the routes to reach the exit shall be clearly marked and sign posted to guide the population of the floor concerned. Signs shall be illuminated and wired to an independent electrical circuit on an alternative source of supply.NOTE-This provision shall not apply to A-2 and A-4 occupancies up to I5 m in height.

No

GH0U P OF OCCLl PAhCY

OCCUPANT LOAD. F L O O R A REA IN m*/ PFWSON

(1) 9ii) iii) iv)

(2)Residential Educational Institutional Assembly: a) with fixed or loose seats and dance floors b) without seating facilities including dining rooms

(3) 12.5 4 158

0.6* 1.5t

v)

Mercantile: a) street floor and sales basement 3

vi) vii) viii)

b) upper sale floors Business and industrial Storage Hazardous

10 30 10

*Occupani load m dormitory portions of homes for the aged. orphanages. insane asylums. etc. where sleeping accommodation is provided. shall becalculated at not less than 7,s m gross floor area, person. tThe gross floor area shall include, m addition to the main assembly room or space1 any occupied connecting room or space in thesame storey or in the storeys above or below, where entrance IS common to such rooms and spaces and they are available for use by the occupants of the assembly place. No deductions shall be made in the gross area for corridors. closets or other subdivisions; the areashall includeall spaceserving the particular assembly occupancy.

7.2.6 Where necessary, adequate and reliable illumination shall be provided for exits. 7.2.7 Fire-resisting doors (see 6.6.1) shall be provided at appropriate places along the escape routes to prevent spread of fire and smoke, and particularly at the entrance to lifts and stairs where a funnel or flue effectmay be created, inducing an upward spread of fire. 7.2.8 All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the exterior of a building or to an exterior open space leading to a street. 7.2.9 Exits shall be so arranged that they may be reached without passing through another occupied unit. 7.3 Occupant Load-For determining the exits required. the number of persons within

7.3.1 M E Z Z A N I N E -The occupant load of a mezzanine floor discharging to a floor below shall be added to that floor occupancy and the capacity of the exits shall be designed for the total occupancy load thus established. 7.4 Capacir,, of Exits 7.4.1 The unit of exit width, used to measure the capacity of any exit, shall be 50 cm. A clear width of 25 cm shall be counted as an additional half unit. Clear widths less than 25cm shall not be counted for exit width. 7.4.2 Occupants per unit exit wid,th shall be in accordance with Table 5. 7.4.3 H ORIZONTAL E XIT A L L O W A N C E When horizontal exit is provided in buildings of mercantile, storage, industrial, business and assembly occupancies, the capacity per storey per unit width of exit of stairways inNATIONAL BUILDING

l-28

CODE OF INDIA

Table 5 may be increased by 50 per cent; and in buildings of institutio-nal occupancy it may be increased by 100 percent.TABLE 5 OCCUPANTS PER UNIT EXIT WIDTHSL. GROUP OF N U M B E R OF;OCCUPANTS

requirement of different occupancies in 8 to 16. 7.6.2 All buildings which are more than 15 m in height and all buildings used as educational, assembly, institutional, industrial, s t o r a g e a n d h a z a r d o u s occupancies and mixed occupancies with any of the aforesaid 1 occupancies. having area more than 500 m- on each floor shall have a minimum of two staircases. They shall be of enclosed type; at least one of them shall be on external walls of buildings and shall open directly to the exterior, interior open space or to an open place of safety. Further. the provision or otherwise of alternative staircase shall be subject to the requirements of travel distance being complied with. 7.7 Doorways 7.7.1 Every exit doorway shall open into an enclosed stairway, or a horizontal exit of a corridor or passageway providing continuous and protected means of egress. 7.7.2 No exit doorway shall be less than IOOcm in width. Doorways shall be not less than 200 cm in height. 7.7.3 Exit doorways shall open outwards, that is, away from the room, but shall not obstruct the travel along any exit. No door, when opened, shall reduce the required width of stairway Y)r landing to less than 90 cm; overhead or sliding doors shall not be installed.NoTE-I~ the case of buildings where there is a central corridor, the doors of roomsshall open inwards to permit smooth flow of traffic in the corridor.

No. O C C U P A N C Y

Stairways Ramps Doors (3) 25 25 25 40 50 50 50 50 25 (4) 50 50 50 50 60 60. 60 60 30 (5) 75 75 75 60 75 75 75 75 40

(1) 9ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix)

(2)Residential Educational Institutional Assembly Business Mercantile Industrial Storage Hazardous

7.5 Arrangement of Exits 7.5.1 Exits shall be so located that the travel distance on the floor shall not exceed the distance given in Table 6.TABLE 6 TRAVEL DISTANCE FOR OCCUPANCY

ANDTYPEOFCONSTRUCTIONSL NO. GROUP OF OCCU PANCY

l&2

3&4 (4) m 22.5 22.5 22.5 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 22.5

(1) 9ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix)

(2)Residential Educational Institutional Assembly Business Mercantile Industrial Storage Hazardous

(3) m 22.5 22.5 22.5 30.0 30.0 30.0 45.0 30.0 22.5

7.7.4 Exit door,shall not open immediately upon a flight of stairs; a landing equal to at least the width of the door shall be provided in the stairway at each doorway; the level of landing shall be the same as that of the floor which, it serves. 7.7.5 Exit doorways shall be openable from the side which they serve without the useof a key. 7.7.6 R EVOLVING D O O R S 7.7.6.1 Revolving doors shall not be used as required exits, except in residential, business and mercantile occupancies, but shall not constitute more than half the total required door width. In mercantile buildings where there is a possibility of congregation of a large number of people (more than 200), revolving doors shall not be permitted. 7.7.6.2 Where the revolving doors provided are completely made of glass (plate glass), a,V9

7.5.2 The travel distance to an exit from the dead end of a corridor shall not exceed half the distance specified in Table 6, except in educational, assembly and institutional occupancies in which case it shall not exceed 6 m. 7.5.3 Whenever more than one exit is required for any room space or floor of a building, exits shall be placed as remote from each other as possible and shall be arranged to provide direct access in separate directions from any point in the area served. 7.4 Number of Exits 7.6. I G E N E R A L -The general requirements of number of exits shall supplement thePART IV FIRE PROTECTION

red circle or emblem or logo at 1.5 m level above sill shall be painted on the glass. The thickness of the glass shall be not less than 12 mm. 7.8 Corridors and Passageways 7.8.1 Exit corridors and passageways shall be of width not less than the aggregate required width of exit doorways leading from them in the direction of travel to the exterior. 7.8.2 Where stairways discharge through corridors and passageways, the height of corridors and passageways shall be not less than 2.4 m. 7.9 Internal Staircases 7.9.1 Interior stairs shall be constructed of non-combustible materials throughout. 7.9.2 Interior staircase shall be constructed as a self-contained unit with an external wall constituting at least one of its sides and shall be completely enclosed. 7.9.3 A staircase shall not be arranged round a lift shaft unless the latter is totally enclosed by a material of fire-resistance rating as that for type of construction itself. 7.9.4 Hollow combustible construction shall not be permitted. 7.9.5 No gas piping shall be laid in the stairway. 7.9.6 Notwithstanding the detailed provision for exits in accordance with 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5, the following minimum width shall be provided for staircases:

7.9.7 The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 25 cm for internal staircase of residential buildings. This shall be 30 cm for assembly, educational, institutional. business and other buildings. The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent slipping. 7.9.8 The maximum height of riser shall be 19 cm for residential buildings and 15 cm for other buildings and the number shall be limited to 15 per flight. 7.9.9 Hand rails shall be provided at a minimum height of 100 cm to be measured from the baseofthemiddleofthetreadstothe top of the hand rails. Further, the gap between the two verticals shall not exceed 30 cm. This gap shall be reduced to 15 cm where children are likely to use the staircase. 7.9.10 The number of people in between floor landings in staircase shall not be less than the population on each floor for the purpose of design of staircase. 7.10 Fire E,scapes or External Stairs 7.10.1 Fire escapes shall not be taken into account in calculating the evacuation time of a building. 7.102 All fire escapes shall be directly connected to the ground. 7.10.3 Entrance to the fire escape shall be separate and remote from the internal staircase. 7.10.4 Care shall be taken to ensure that the wall opening or window opens on to or close to a fire escape. 7.10.5 The route to the fire escape shall be free of obstructions at all times. 7.10.6 The fire escape shall be constructed of non-combugible materials, and any doorway leading to the fire escape shall have the required fire resistance. 7.10.7 No staircase, used as a fire escape, shall be inclined at an angle greater than 45 from the horizontal. 7.10.8 Fire escape stairs shall have straight flight not less than 75 cm wide with 2Ocm treads and risers not more than 19 cm. The number of risers shall be limited to 15 per flight. 7.10.9 Hand rails shall be of a height not less than 100 cm. 7.10.10 SPIRAL FIRE ESCAPE-The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to lowNATIDNAL BUILDING CODE OF I N D I A

4 Residential buildings (dwellings)

I.0 m

NorE--- For row housing with 2 storeyes, the width shall be 0.75 tn.

b) Residential hotel buildingsc) Assembly buildings likeauditorium, theatres and cinemas d) Educational buildings. i) Up to 24 m in height ii) More than 24 m in height

1.5 m

1.5 m 1.5 m 2.0 m

e) institutional bdildings likehospitals. i) Up to 10 beds 1.5 m 2.0 m 1.5 m

ii)

More than IO beds

f-l All other buildings

w-30

occupant load and to a building not exceeding 9 m in height unless they are connected to platforms, such as balconies and terraces to allow escapes to pause, A spiral fire escape shall be not less than 150 cm in diameter and shall be designed to give adequate headroom. 7.1 J Roof Exit--In all buildings over three storeys in height where the slope of the roof is less than 20 degrees, direct access to the roof shall be provided from the street by means of a stairway. Where roofs are used as roof gardens or for other habitable purposes, sufficient stairways shall be extended to them to provide the necessary exit facilities required for such occupancy.NOTE--This does not apply to A-2 and A-4 occupancies up to 15 m m height.

7.13.2 The enclosure of fire towers shall be constructed of walls with a 4 h fire-resistance rating without openings other than the exit doorways, with platforms, landings and balconies of not less than 3 h fire-resistance ratulg. 7.14 Ramps 7.14.1 Kamps shall comply with all the applicable requirements for stairways regarding enclosure, capacity and limiting dimensions except where specified in 8 to 16 for special uses and occupancies. 7.142 The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 10. In certain cases steeper slopes may be permitted but in no case greater than 1 in 8. 7.14.3 For all slopes exceeding 1 in 10 and wherever the use is such as to involve danger of slipping, the ramp shall be surfaced with approved non-slipping material. 8. REQUIREMENTS OF RESlDENTlAL BUILDINGS (GROUP A) 8.1 In addition to the general requirements specified in 6 for the type of construction and occupancy group and the exit requirements given in 7, the requirements given in 8.2 to 8.4.10 shall be complied with. The capacity of any open mezzanine or balcony shall be added to the capacity of the floor below for the purpose of determining exit capacity. 8.2 Fire Detection/ Extiqguishing System -The requirements specified in 8.2. J to 8.2.5 shall apply to normal buildings of low rise nature (up to 15 m in height). Requirements for high rise buildings (above 15 m in height) shall be in accordance with Appendix A. For information regarding alarm systems (see Appendix B). 8.2. J O CCUPANCYLODGINC~OR

7. I2 Horizontal Exirs 7.12. J The width of horizontal exit shall be same as for the exit doorways (see 7.7). 7.12.2 A horizontal exit shall be equipped with at least one fire door of self-closing type. 7.12.3 Floor area on the opposite or refuge side of a horizontal exit shall be sufficient to accommodate occupants of the floor areas served, allowing not less than 0.3 m2/ person. The refuge area into which a horizontal exit leads shall be provided with exits adequate to meet the requirements of this part. At least one of the exits shall lead directly to the exterior of the building or to a street. 7.12.4 Where there is a difference in level between connected areas fat horizontal exits, ramps, not more than 1 in 10 in slope shall be provided; steps shall not be used. 7.12.5 Doors in horizontal exits shall be openable at all times from both sides. 7.13 Fire Tower-Fire towers are the preferred type of escape route for storeyed buildings and their application shall be considered as the safest route for escape. Their number, location and size shall depend on the building concerned, and its associated escape routes. 7.13. J In every mercantile, industrial, business, assembly buildings other than and residential institutional theatres, buildings, over 6 storeys or 25 m in height, at least one required means of egress shall be a fire tower.?ART IV FIRE PROTECTION

R OOMING H O U S E S

S

UBDIVISION

A - l

Height i Area of Occupancy a) Up to 2 storeys b) 3 storeys and above i) Area of each floor less than 300 m*. ii) Area of each floor more than 300 m* with central corridor and rooms on either side.

Fire Detection/ Extinguishing System Not required

Not required ManuaHy operated electric fiie alarm (MOEFA)

,VPl

8.2.2 O CCUPANCY SUBDIVISWN A-2 O NE OK T w o F A M I L Y P R I V A T E DWELLINGS - Not req u ired. 8.2.3 O C C U P A N C YS U B DIVISION A-3 DOKMITOKIES - Requirements laid down in

permit the opening of the locked or closed door from the outside in an emergency without the use of a special key.

b) Every below-street-level sleeping room8.3.3 For occupancy Subdivision A-3, the

8.2.1 shall be followed. 8.2.4 O C C U P A N C YA PARTMENT required. W~S~I~ISION A-4 HOUSES (FLA-I S) -- Not

shall have direct access to the outside of the building.

following provisions shall apply: All dormitories, except those mentioned at 8.3.5, shall ha.ve exits so arranged that, from any sleeping room or open aormitory sleeping area, there shall be access to two separate and distinct exits in different directions with no common path of travel unless the room or space is subject to occupancy by not more than 10 persons and has a door opening directly to the outside of the building at street or grade level, or to an outside stairway in which case one means of exit may be accepted. 8.3.4 For occupancy Subdivision A-4, the following provisions shall apply:

8.2.5 O C C U P A N C Y S UBDIVISION A-5 H O - I - E L -Manually operated fire alarms and a u t o matic fire alarm systems shall be provided if a building has more than 2 storeys; or if the area per floor exceeds 300 m2. Where the entire building is sprinklered, the automatic detectors may not be required. 8.3 Exit Facilities

8.3.1 In a d d i t i o n t o reqwements f o roccupancy Subdivision A-2 (see 8.3.2). the following shall be provided for occupancy Subdivision A-l:

4 Every individual living unit covered by

4 Every sleeping room above the street !loor

shall have access to two separate means of exit, at least one of which shall consist of an enclosed interior stairway or a n exterior stairway, or a fire escape or horizontal exit all so arranged as to provide a safe path of travel to the outside of the building without traversing any corridor or space exposed to an unprotected vertical opening. shall have direct access to the outside of the building.

occupancy Subdivision A-4 shall comply with the requirements for occupancy Subdivision A-2 in respect of exit.

b) Every living unit shall have access to at

b) Any sleeping room below the street floor

least two separate exits which are remote from each other and are reached by travel iii different directions, except that a common path of travel may be permitted for the first 6m (that is, a dead-end corridor up to 6m long may be permitted) provided that single exit may be permitted under any of the conditions given under(c). height with no basement, or in case there is a basement and with street floor level not more than 2.5 m above grade at any point next to the building, excluding driveways, not more than 10 percent of the perimeter shall be subject to the condition that the access to the basement is only from the exterior of the building if the basement contains a heating plant, group storage, ineinerator room or paint shop or other hazardous occupancy. discharge. direct to the outside of the buildings; any other exits shall be the same as required for hotels.

8.3.2 For occupancy Subdivision A-2 of more than two rooms, every occupied room, excluding areas used solely for storage, shall have at least two means of exit, at least one of which shall be a door or a stairway providing a means of unobstructed travel to the outside of the building or street or grade level and not more than one of which may be a window. No room or space shall be occupied which is accessible only by a ladder, folding stairs or through a trap door. The following further provisions shall be made: a) All locking devices which would impede or prohibit exit, such as chain type bolts,

c) Any building not more than two storeys in

4 At least half of required exits shall

limited opening sliding type locks and burglar locks which are not disengagedeasily by quick-releasing catches, shall be prohibited. All closet door latches shall be

8.3.5 For occupancy Subdivision A-5, the following provisions shall apply: a) Not less than two exits, as remote from each other as practicable, shall beNATIONAL WIlJlING CODE OF INDIA

such that even children may open the doors from inside. All bathroom door locks or fasteners shall be designed t o

I?*

accessible from every floor, including basements occupied for hotel purposes, except as a single exit as permitted in (b) below. Exits and ways of access thereto shall be so arranged that they are accessible in at least two different directions from every point in any open area, or from any room door.

8.4.2 No stove or combustion heater shall be located directly under or immediately at the foot of stairs or otherwise so located as to block escape in case of malfupctioning of the stove or heater. 8.4.3 All kitchen exhaust fans, where provided, shall be fixed to an outside wall or to a duct of non-combustible material which leads directly to the outside. The ducts must not pass through combustible materials. 8.4.4 All wiring shall be done in accordance with Part VIII Building services, Section 2 Electrical installations. 8.4.S Where television is installed, all outdoor antennae shall be properly grounded and protected from lightning (see Part VIII Building services, Section 2 Electrical installations). 8.4.6 Doors leading into rooms in which flammable liquids are stored or used shall be as in 6. Such assembly shall be self-closing and shall be posted with a sign on each side of the door in 25 mm high block letters stating FIRE DOOR- KEEP CLOSED. 8.4.7 Where a boiler room is provided or a central heating plant is installed, which uses solid or Ii uid fuel, it shall be separated from the rest o;i the building by a separation wall with all openings protected as in 6. 8.4.8 Room containing high pressure boilers, refrigerating machinery, transformers or other service equipment subject to possible explosion shall not be located directly under or adjacent to exits. Allsuch rooms shall be effectively cut off from other parts of the building and shall be provided with adequate vents to the outer air. 8.4.9 All rooms or areas of hazardous occupancy, in addition to those hereinbefore mentioned, shall be segregated or shall be protected as may be directed by the enforcing Authority where, in the opinion of the enforcing Authority, fire, explosion or smoke therefrom js likely to interfere with safe egress from the building. 8.4.10 For detailed information regarding hazardous petroleum products, reference may be made to the Petroleum Act 1934 9. REQUIREMENTS OF EDUCATIONAL BUILDlNGS (GROUP B) 9.1 In addition to the general requirements specified in 6 for type of construction andIV-33

b) Any room or section with an outside door

at street or grade level may have such outside door as a single exit, provided no part of the room or area is more thanI5 m from the door measured along the natural path of travel.

8.3.5.1 Where stairways or other exits serve two or more upper floors, the same stairway or other exit required to serve any one upper floor may also serve other upper floors, except that no inside open stairway or ramp may serve as a required egress facility from more than one floor.N O T E-Under this provision, if the second and third floors were each required to have three stairways. the second floor may use thestairways servingthe third floor, so that thetotal number ofstairways required is three. not six.

8.3.6

B ASEMENT

EXITS

8.3.6.1 Basements occupied for hotel purposes shall have exits arranged in accordance with 8.3.5. 8.3.6.2 Basement exits shall be sufficient to provide for the capacity of the basement as determined in accordance with 8.1; in no case shall there be less than two independent basement exits. 8.3.6.3 Basements or sub-basements not open to the public and used only for heating equipment, storage and service operations (other than kitchens which are considered part of the hotel occupancy shall have exl,ts appro riate to the actua 1 occupancy, m actorc_?ante with other ap licable provlslons of the Code, or in case oP mixed occupancy where there may be doubt as to which other section is apphcable, such basements shall have exits determined on the basis of lesser exit capacity. 8.4 Special Hazards 8.4.1 Flammable liquids for household purposes shall be kept in tightly stoppered or sealed containers. For the limits of quantities of flammable liquids to be allowed in various occupancies, reference may be made to appropriate regulations.PART IV FIRE PROTECTION

occupancy group and exit requirements given in 7, .the requirements iti 9.2 to 9.4.5 shall be complied with. 9.2 Buildings intended for educational occupancy shall not be used for any hazardous occupancy. 9.3 Fire Detection/ Extinguishing System -The requirements specified in 9.3.1 shall apply to normal buildings of low rise nature (up to 15 m in height). Requirements for high rise buildings (above I5 m in height) shall be in accordance with Appendix A. 9.3.1 Educational buildings above two storeys having an area of more. than 1000 m*/floor shall have manually operated electrical fire alarm (MOEFA). 9.4 Exit Facilities -In addition to the provisions in 7, the following shall be provided. 9.4.1 Exits, in accordance with 7, shall be so arranged that at least two separate exits are available in every floor area. Exits shall be as remote from each other as practicable and so arranged that there are no pockets or dead ends of appreciable size in which occupants may be trapped. 9.4.2 Every room with a capacity of over 100 persons in area shall have at least two doorways as remote from each other as practicable. Such doorways shall provide access to separate exits, but may open upon a common corridor leading to separate exits in opposite directions. 9.4.3 Exterior doors shall be operated by bars or some other panic hardware device, except that doors leading from classrooms directly to the outside may be equipped with the same type lock as is used on classroom doors leading to corridor, with no provision whatsoever for locking against egress from the classroom. 9.4.4 S PECIAL H AZARD 9.4.4.1 Storage of volatile flammable liquids shall be prohibited and the handling of such liquids shall be restricted to science laboratories only. 9.4.4.2 Each building shall be provided with an approved outside gas shut-off valve conspicuously marked, where applicable. The detailed requirements regarding safe use of gas shall be as specified in Part 1X Plumbing services, Section 3 Gas supply.

9.4.4.3 All exterior openings in a boiler room or rooms containing central heating equipment, if located below openings in another storey or if less than 3 m from other doors or windows of the same building, shall be protected by a fire assembly as in 6. Such assemblies shall bc fixed, automatic or selfclosing. Provisions of 8.4.7 shall also apply to this group of occupancy. 9.4.5 EXCEPTIONAND

DEVIATION

9.4.5.1 Gymnasiums and similar occupancies may have running tracks of wood or unprotected steel or iron. 9.4.5.2 In gymnasiums and in multi-purpose school rooms having an area not greater than 300 m, 25-mm nominal tight tongue-andgrooved or 20-mm plywood wall covering may be used in the inner side in lieu of fireresistance plaster. 9.4.5.3 A building which will have only the first floor accessible to not more than 20 pupils at any time, may be used for school purposes with the following exceptions: a) Exterior walls or parts of walls which are less than 90 cm from adjacent property lines shall have no openings therein. b) Classrooms may have only one exit not less than 90 cm wide. 10. REQUIREMENTS OF INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS (GROUP C)10.1 In addition to the general requirements specified in 6 for type of construction and occupancy group and the exit requirements given in 7, the following requirements shall be complied with.

-The requirements specified in 10.2.1 shall apply to normal buildings of low rise nature (up to 15 m in height). Requirements for high rise buildmgs (above 15 m in height) shall be in accordance with Appendix A. 10.2.1 In hospitals, manually operated electrical fire alarm (MOEFA) system and automatic fire alarm system (see Appendix B) shall be provided with sounders/ indicators, located in the duty room, so that only the duty personnel receive the warning. 10.3 Exit Facilities-In addition to the provisions of 7, the following requirements shall be complied with.NIATMmAL BUILDING CODE OF I N D I A

10.2 Fire Detection/ Extinguishing System

1v_34

10.3.1 In buildings or sections occupied by bed-ridden patients where the floor area IS over 280 m , facilities shall be provided to move patjents in hospital beds to the other side of a smoke barrier from any part of such building or section not directly served by approved horizontal exits or exits from the first floor (floor 2) of a building to the outside. 10.3.2 Not less than two exits of one or more of the following tv es shall be provided for every floor, incluing basement, of every building or section: a) Doors leading directly outside the building; b) Stairways; c) Ramps; and d) Horizontal exits. 10.3.3 All required exits which serve as egress from hospital or infirmary sections shall be not less than 150 cm in clear width, including patient bedroom doors. to permit transportation of patients on beds, litters, or mattresses. The minimum width of corridors serving patients* bedrooms in- buildings shall be 240 cm. For detailed information on recommendations for buildings and facilities for the physically handicapped, reference may be made to good practice [IV( 15)]. 10.3.4 Revolving doors shall not be counted as required exits and shall not be installed, except in situations, such as revolving doors at a main entrance where they are not subject to emergency exit use by patients. 10.3.5 Efevators constitute a desirable supplementary facility, but arenotcounted as required exits. 10.3.6 Each storey in which 35 or more atients are housed.shgll be divided into at east two compartments by smoke barriers P and the Authority may require storeys housing a lesser number of patients to be divided into compartments when, in its judgment, such division is essential to the protection of the patients. 10.3.7 Doors in smoke barriers shall be so installed that these may normally be kept in open position, but will close automatically or may be released manually to self-closing action. Corridor door openings in smoke barriers shall be not less than 150cm in width. Provision shall also be made for double swing single/double leaf type door. 10.3.8 Exits and other features for penal and mental institutions, and custodial institutionsPART IV FIRE PROTECTION

shall be the same as specified for hospitals, in so far as applicable. Reliable means shall be provided to permit the prompt release of inmates from any locked section in case of fire or other emergency. 10.3.9 Wherever any inmates are confined in any locked rooms or spaces, adequate guards or other personnel shall be contmuously on duty or immediately available to provide for release of inmates or for such other action as may be indicated in case of fire or other emergency. 10.3.10 No building constructed in whole or in part of combustible materials shall be used to combine inmates in cells or sleeping quarters, unless automatic sprinkler protection is provided. 10.3.11 All buildings or sections ofbuildings in penal and mental institutions used for manufacturing. storage or office purposes shall have exits in accordance with the provisions of the Code for those occupancies. IO.4 Special Hazards10.4.1 No combustible material of any kind shall be stored or used in any building or section thereof used for institutional occupancy, except as necessary to normal occupancy and use of the building.

10.4.2 Storage of volatile flammable liquids, such as chloroform, eth I alcohal,,spirit, etc, shah not be allowed andythe handhng of such hqutds shall not be ermitted in quantities more than 5 litres. pFhe handling of such liquids byunauthorized persons shall also not be permuted.1 0 . 5 E x c e p t i o n a n d D e v i a t i o n - It is reco nized that in institutions or part of but! . mgs housmg various types of psychiatric 3 patterns, or used as penal and mental mstttuttons, it is necessary to maintain locked doors and barred windows; and to such extent the necessary provision in other sections of the Code requiring the keeping of exits unlocked may be waived. Ft is also recognized that certain types of psychiatric patients are not capable of seeking safety without adequate guidance. In buildings where this situation prevails, reliable means for the rapid release of occupants shall be provided, such as the remote control of locks, or by keying all locks to keys commonly used by attendants.

II. REQUIREMENTS OF ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS (GROUP D)Il. I In addition to the general requirements specified in 6 for type of construction and

IV-35

occupancy group and the exit requirements given in 7, the requirements in 11.2 to 11.7.4 shall be complied with. 1 I.2 Mixed Occupant:,.-- Places of assembly in buildings of other occupan,cy, such as ballrooms in hotels, restaurants m stores and assembly rooms m schools, shall be so located, separated or protected as to avold any undue dan er to the occupants of the place of assembfy from a fire originating in the other occupancy or smoke therefrom. 11.3 Fire Detection/ Extinguishing System The requirements specified in 1 1 . 3 . 1 to 11.3.5 shall apply to normal buildings of low rise nature (up to 15 m in height). Requirements for high rise buildings (above 15m in height) shall be in accordance with Appendix A. 11.3.1 Occupancy Details of Occupancy a) Stage b) Auditoria c) Corridor, green rooms d) Canteen e) StorageSIJ~WIVIS~~N D-1

1 1 . 4 . 1 . 1 Every place of assembly of subdivision D-l shall have at least four separate exits as remote from each other as practicable. 1 1 . 4 . 1 . 2 E v e r y p l a c e o f assemblv of Subdivision D-2 shall have at leasi two separate exits as remote from each other as practicable and if of capacity over 600, at least three exits shall be provided with each exit not less than of 2 unit widths. 1 1 . 4 . 1 . 3 Every place of assembly of Subdivisions D-3, D-4 and D-5 shall have at least two means of exit, consisting of separate *exits or doors leading to a corridor or other spaces giving access to two separate and independent exits in different directions, except that for places of assembly having a capacity of less than 100 persons, one 2-unit doorway may be permitted in rooms where no part of the room is more than 15 m from the doorway, measured along the line of travel, and the doorway leads directly outside the building at grade level or leads to a corridor or other space giving access to two separate and independent exits. 11.4.2 Clear aisles not less than 1.2 m in width shall be formed at right angles to the line of seating in such number and manner that rio seat shall be more than seven seats away from an aisle. Rows of seats opening on to an aisle at one end only shall have not more than seven seats. Under the conditions, where all these aisles do not directly meet the exit doors, cross-aisles shall be provided parallel to the line of seating so as to provide direct access to the exit, provided that not more than one cross-aisle for every 10 rows shall be required. The width of cross-aisles shall be a minimum of I m. Steps shall not be placed in aisles to overcome differences in levels, unless the gradient exceeds 1 ih IO. 11.4.3 The fascia of boxes, balconies and galleries shall have substantial railings not less than 65 cm high above the floor. The railings at the end of aisles extending to the fascia shall be not less than 75 cm high for the width of the aisle or 90 cm high at the foot of steps. 11.4.4 Cross-aisles except where the backs of seats on the front of the aisle project 60 cm or more above the floor of the aisle, shall be provided with railings not less than 90 cm high. 11.4.5 No turnstiles or other devices to restrict the movement of persons shall be installed in any place of assembly in such a manner as to interfere in any way with the required exit facilities.NATIONAL BUIl.DINC CODE OF INDIA

Fire Detection/ Extinguishing System Automatic sprinkler Automatic fire alarm system (see Appendix B) Automatic fire alarm s stem (see Appendix I& Automatic fire alarm svstem (see Appendix B) Automatic fire alarm s stem (see Appendix B;

11.3.2 O CCUPANCY SUBDIVISION D-2Requirements laid down in 11.3.1 shall be followed. 11.3.3 O CCUPANCY SUBDIVISION D-3Automatic fire alarm system (see Appendix B). 11.3.4 O C C U P A N C Y S U B D I V I S I O N D-4Automatic fire alarm system (see Appendix B). 11.3.5 OCCUPANCY SU B D I V I S I O N D-5Manually operated electrical fire alarm system (MOEFA). 1 I .4 Exit Facilities 11.4.1 Every place of assembly, every tier or balcony, and every individual room u!$d as a place of assembly shall have exits sufficient to provide for the total capacity thereof as

determined in accordance with 7.

,-36

11.4.6 In theatres and similar places of public assembly where persons are admitted to the building at a time when seats are not available for them and are allowed to wait in a lobby or similar space until seats are available, such use of lobby or similar space shall not encroach upon the required clear width of exits. Such waiting shall he restricted to areas separated from the required exitways by suhstantial permanent partitions or fixed rlgid railing not less than IOS cm high. Exits shall be provided for such waiting spaces on the basis of one person for each 0.7 m- of waiting space area. Such exits shall he in addition to the exits specified for the main aurlitorlum area and shall conform in construction and arrangement to the general rules of exits given ahove. 11.4.7 No display or exhibit shall he so installed or operated as to interfere In any wal with access to any required exit, or with any required exit sign. All displays or exhibits of combustible material or construction and all hooths and temporary construction in connection therewith shall be so limited in combustibility or protected as to avoid any undue halard of fire which might endanger occupants before they have opportunity to use the available exits, as determined by the authority. ,1.4.8 No mirrors shall be placed in or adjacent to any exitway in such a manner as to confuse the direction of exit. 11.4.9 Places of assembly in buildings of other occupancy may use exits common to the place of assembly and the other occupancy. Provided the assembly area and the other occupancy are considered separately. each has exits sufficient to meet the requirements of the Code. 11.4.10 E x i t s s h a l l b e s u f f i c i e n t f o r simultaneous occupancy of both the places of assembly and other parts of the building, unless the Authority determines that the conditions are such that simultaneous occupancy will not occur. 11.4.11 For any place of assembly under Subdivision D-l, at least half the required means of exits shall lead directly outdoors or through exitways completely separated from exits serving other parts of the building.

devices shall be used in any place of assembly, except in the following cases: a) Where necessary for ceremonial purposes, the enforcing Authority may permit open flame lighting under such restrictions as are necessary to avoid danger of ignition of combustible materials or injury to occupants. h) Candles may be used on restaurant tables if securely supported on non-combustible bases and so located as to avoid danger of ignition of comhustihle materials.

cl Open flame devices may be used on stages

where they are a necessary part of t h e a t r i c a l p e r f o r m a n c e . provided adequate precautions, satisfactory to the Authority, are taken to prevent ignition of combustible materials.

II 6 Special Hazards 11.6.1 1 he decorations of places of assembly shall be of non-tlammahle materials. Fabrics and papers used for sudh purpose shall be treated with an effective flame-proofing material. Stage settings made of combustible materials shall likewise be treated with flameproofing materials.

11.6.2 Seats in places of public assembly, accommodating more than 300 persons, shall be securely fastened to the floor, except as permitted in 11.6.3. All seats in balconies and galleries shall be securely fastened to the floor, except that in nailed-inenclosures, boxes with level floors and having not more than I4 seats, the seats need not be fastened. Il.6.3 Chairs not secured to the floor may be permitted in restaurants, night clubs and other occupancies where the fastening of seats to the floor may be impracticable, provided that in the area used for seating, excluding dance floor. stage, etc. there shall be not more than one seat for each I .4 m of floor area and

adequate aisles to reach exits shall be maintained at all times. have not more than I4 seats.11.6.3.1 Rows of seats between aisles shall

11.6.3.2 Rows of seats opening on to an aisle at one end only shall have not more than 7 seats.11.6.3.3 Seats without dividing arms shall have their capacity determined by allowing 45 cm per person. 11.6.4 The spacing of rows of seats from back to back shall be neither less than 85 cm norless

Zi.4.12 For detailed information regardingcmema buildin s, reference may be made to good practice [PV( 16)].11.5 Lighting-No

open flame lighting

IART

IV FIRE. PitOlECTlON

w3

than 70 cm plus the sum of the thickness of the back and inclination of the back. There shall be a space of not less than 35 cm between the back of one seat and the front of the seat immediately behind it as measured be